GOODMORNING

GRADE 9
WHAT CAUSES
MOTION IN AN
OBJECT?
FORCE
WHAT IS
FORCE?
 IS THE AGENT
WHICH TENDS TO
STOP THE
MOTION
PRODUCES
THE
MOTION
 WHICH
QUANTITY
DEPENDS UPON
ON FORCE?
 WORK
DEPENDS
UPON FORCE
WHAT IS
WORK?
WORK IS SAID TO BE
DONE WHEN FORCE
ACTS ON A BODY AND
MOVE IT THROUGH A
CERTAIN DISTANCE
ENER
GY
 ENERGY IS NEEDED TO
PERFORM WORK. AN
OBJECT THAT POSSESSES
MECHANICAL ENERGY IS
ABLE TO DO WORK.
CONSERVATION OF
MECHANICAL
ENERGY
MECHANICAL ENERGY IS OFTEN
DEFINED AS THE ABILITY TO DO
WORK. WORK IS DONE WHEN A
FORCE ACTS ON AN OBJECT WILL
CAUSE IT TO MOVE, CHANGE ITS
SHAPE, DISPLACE OR DO
SOMETHING PHYSICAL. THIS
FORCE IS CAUSED BY
MECHANICAL ENERGY.
 TWO FORMS OF MECHANICAL
ENERGY

kinetic energy

potential energy
Kinetic Energy K.E.
THE KINETIC ENERGY OF AN
OBJECT IS DEPENDENT ON
ITS MASS AND THE SQUARE
OF ITS SPEED.
m- mass
v- velocity
• 4 KG BOWLING BALL
• .25 KG BASEBALL
• AT 10 M/S • AT 50 M/S
• = (4KG) (10M/S)2 • = (.25KG) (50 M/S)2
2 2
= (4 KG)(100M/S2) = (.25 KG)(2500 M/S2)
2 2
= 400 KG.M/S2 - 625 KG.M/S2
2 2
• = 200 KG. M/S2 • = 312 KG. M/S2 OR 312 J
OR 200 J
THE FASTER THE OBJECT, THE
GREATER ITS KINETIC ENERGY
THEREFORE, AN OBJECT WITH
MORE ENERGY CAN DO
GREATER AMOUNT OF WORK.
Some forms of kinetic energy

thermal energy
sound
electrical

radiant heat
 SOUND ENERGY IS AN
ENERGY PRODUCED BY
VIBRATION AS THEY TRAVEL
THROUGH A MEDIUM.
ENERGY THAT TRAVELS IN
SPACE IN A FORM OF WAVES ARE
CALLED RADIANT ENERGY.
ELECTRICAL ENERGY IS
CAUSED BY FLOW OF
ELECTRIC CHARGES.
 HEAT ENERGY IS AN ENERGY
THAT FLOWS FROM OBJECTS
WITH HIGHER TEMPERATURE TO
OBJECT WITH LOWER
TEMPERATURE.
Potential Energy P.E.
• ENERGY OF POSITION OR
ENERGY IN STORAGE.

• WATER BEHIND A DAM

• HAMMER OVER HEAD
• FOOD ON THE PLATE
 PE = mgh

• M = MASS (KG)
• H = HEIGHT (M)
• G = ACCEL DUE TO
GRAVITY
• (9.8 M/S2)
 THREE FORMS OF POTENTIAL
ENERGY
Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE)

Elastic Potential Energy (EPE)

Chemical Potential Energy (CPE)

GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL
ENERGY (GPE) IS
ASSOCIATED TO EARTH’S
GRAVITATIONAL PULL FROM
THE GROUND.
SOME OBJECTS LIKE SPRINGS
AND RUBBER BANDS ARE
CAPABLE TO STRETCH AND
RETURN TO ORIGINAL FORM
DUE TO ITS ELASTIC
POTENTIAL ENERGY (EPE).
 CHEMICAL POTENTIAL ENERGY
(CPE) IS AN ENERGY STORED IN
AN OBJECTS LIKE THE FOOD YOU
EAT, OR THE FUEL YOU USE TO
COOK FOOD OR RUN VEHICLES.
THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF MECHANICAL ENERGY IS
MERELY THE SUM OF KINETIC ENERGY AND
POTENTIAL ENERGY.

This sum is simply referred to as the

Total Mechanical Energy (TME).

TME = PE + KE
 IN LAW OF CONSERVATION OF
MECHANICAL ENERGY, THE PE AND
KE IS INVERSELY PROPORTIONAL,
MEANING THAT AS PE INCREASES,
KE DECREASES AND AS KE
INCREASES, THE PE DECREASES.