FORMATS OF WRITING SECTIONS FOR CLASS

11&12

FORMATS FOR-
POSTERS
NOTICE WRITING
ADVERTISEMENT
INVITATION
LETTERS
ARTICLE WRITING
REPORT WRITING
SPEECH WRITING
DEBATE WRITING
NOTE-MAKING
 FORMAT FOR POSTERS

Format 1 mark POSTER- FORMAT All these should

content 1 mark be in capitals
expression 1 mark
BOX
• HEADING
• SLOGAN
• PICTURE
• MESSAGE
• Everything in phrases not in complete sentence

• ISSUED BY:
Draft a poster ‘say no to plastic’(50 words)
• GO GREEN
• SAY NO TO PLASTIC
• AND
• SAY YES TO ECO-FRIENDLINESS
• PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT AND STAY HEALTHY
• USE PAPER BAGS
• AVOID PLASTIC
• USE JUTE BAGS / CLOTH BAGS

• FOLLOW 3 Rs
• REDUCE
• REUSE
• RECYCLE

• ISSUED BY : HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE DEPARTMENT

 FORMAT FOR NOTICE WRITING

• FORMAT-1 content-1 expression-1 = total 3 marks

• Box
• Name of the Institution
• NOTICE – IN CAPITAL LETTERS
• DATE
• HEADING
• Body of the notice with relevant details in complete sentence and phrases
• It must answer the questions what, where, why, who, how.
• Date :
• Time:
• Venue:
• Information about the event
• Instructions to the readers
• Formal language with accurate information
• At the bottom
• sign
• Name
• designation
 NOTICE WRITING
• WHAT IS A NOTICE?
A notice is a written or printed news announcement or information. A notice may contain
news/information about something that has happened or is likely to happen. It may be a formal
announcement of public importance or an advance warning meant for compliance and information. A
notice can be about a meeting, an event, an excursion/historical trip/a picnic, lost and found, change of
name/address/uniform/timings/venue etc.
• PURPOSE
Notices are effective means of disseminating information related to different issues or occasions. They
reach to a large number of persons in a short time. Hence a notice is written in simple and formal
language. It is clear, brief and to the point.
• DISPLAY
(a) School/College Notice Boards.
(b) Newspapers/Magazines.
(c) Public Notice Boards.
• MAIN CHARACTERISTICS
(a) Format : It includes the word ‘NOTICE’, date, heading, writer’s name and designation.
(b) Content : It must answer the questions What? When? Where? How? etc.
(c) Expression : It relates to the overall organisation and relevance of the content as well as grammatical
accuracy and fluency.
 NOTICE WRITING
THINGS TO REMEMBER
• A. NOTICES FOR SCHOOL/COLLEGE NOTICE BOARDS
• Remember
(i) It must contain complete information.
(ii) The order of presentation should be clear.
(iii) State the purpose of notice clearly.
(iv) Content should include all necessary information, e.g. for a
meeting the time, venue, date and agenda.
(v) Use impersonal language, i.e., third person. Avoid T and “You’.
(vi) Give the designation of the writer just below the signature.
(vii) The date of writing notice is generally put at the top.
(viii) Observe the word limit. If you exceed it, you will get a
negative mark.
 THE MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF NOTICE
WRITING
• The main characteristics of notice writing are:
• Format:
This includes the word “NOTICE”, date, heading, writer’s name, and designation.
• Content:
The content answers the questions ‘what’, ‘where’, ‘when’, ‘how’ etc.
• Expression:
This relates to the overall organisation and relevance of the content as well as grammatical accuracy and fluency.
An agenda notice includes a detailed list of items or schema of the meeting or the programme.
• Points to remember:
• the purpose should be to inform
• it should have a heading
• it should be brief and precise
• it should give all the required information, in a simple language
• the name and designation of the issuing authority should be mentioned
• it should be written in the third person
• it should have a date
• it should look attractive and the word limit should be adhered to
Arts club of your school is going to organize a drawing and painting competition. Write a notice
to be displayed on the school notice board , inviting students to participate in it. Give all
necessary details . You are Rani/Ranjit , Head boy/head girl of your school.Word limit 50 words.

• MELUHA INTERNATIONL SCHOOL,HYDERABAD

• NOTICE
• 17TH September,2020
• Drawing and Painting Competition
This is to inform all the students of class 11& 12 that the Arts Club of the school is going to organize a drawing
and painting competition on
• DATE: 22- 9-2020
• TIME : 1.30 T0 4.30
• VENUE: OPALINA
All the interested candidates are requested to register their names with Sailaja Secretary of Arts Club on or
before 19th September.Candidates are requested to bring the necessary material by themselves. Only chart
paper will be provided by the school. Winners will be awarded on the Children’s day.
For any further information please contact the undersigned.
Rani
(RANI)
HEAD GIRL
 ADVERTISEMENTS
 

An advertisement is a paid form of non-

personal presentation of ideas, goods or
services by an identified sponsor.
 
  
TYPES OF ADVERTISEMENTS
 

CLASSIFIED
COMMERCIAL
CLASSIFIED
Types of classified advertisements :
 
Educational
Lost and found
Travel & tour
Matrimonial
For sale
Property for sale
 
 Main characteristics of the ads

• Categorized into columns according to

different classes
• Less space, more economical
• Written in short phrases and words
• Language-simple and concise
• No blocks or Designs
Essential details for each category

1. Situation vacant
Begin with WANTED or REQUIRED
Name of the company or Organization
Post and no. of vacancies
Age &sex of the candidate
Qualifications and experience
Other details (optional)
Pay scale and perks
State mode of applying
Contact address and phone number of the advertiser
Should be in the box
 
 WANTED

WANTED a smart, young, dynamic WANTED and confident secretary for a

leading
 
Import house. Qualification- PG, age 20-35 yrs., with good
Wanted a smart, young, dynamic and confident secretary for a leading
command
Import house.and
over written Qualification- PG, age
spoken English 20-35
and yrs., with
a pleasing good command
personality.
over written and spoken English and a pleasing personality. Preference
Preference
totothose
thosewho
whocan
can handle
handle computer.
computer.Salary
Salarynegotiable.
negotiable. Apply
Applywith
with
completebio
complete biodata
databefore27/7/2013
before27/7/2013 to toGeneral
GeneralManager,
Manager,Indigo
Indigo
Import House,
Import House, JubileeJubilee Hills, Hyderabad-500045.
Hills, Hyderabad-500045. A.P. A.P.
 2. Sale and purchase of property
/vehicles/household goods etc.,
• Begin with for Sale/Purchase or Available/Wanted
• Type of accommodation/vehicle/Household item
• Brief physical description

• PROPERTY-SALE AND PURCHASE

» Heading
» Size,floor,no. of rooms
» Fixtures and fittings
» Location and surroundings
» Facilities-power connection,telephone
connection,parking,washrooms/toilets,proximity to business
/shopping area

•  
 EXAMPLE FOR SALE

SALE! SALE!
For Sale a brand new Sony colour TV 32 inches
and LG Washing Machine Model RC 34567
bought 3 months back and in excellent working
condition. Owner going abroad. Price
negotiable.
Contact 95XXXXXX
Or rati@gmail.com
 3. TO- LET

Preferabably begin with WANTED OR AVAILABLE

Type of accommodation-no. of bedrooms, size of the rooms
Description-floor,porch,lawn,garden,etc
Rent expected
Indicate the direction/location: sun facing , well-lit, corner, proximity to market,school etc
State the type of construction
Give details of water/electricity supply
Preference of tenants-small family, company lease etc.
Provide contact address
 TO-LET
To-let – 4 bedroom villa with attached washrooms,
spacious balcony modular kitchen
2400 sft with a beautifully landscaped terrace garden
and sitting layout. 24/7 electricity and drinking water
facility. Newly built for family members only. Situated
in the heart of the Cyber city. Walking distance to
shopping Malls . Fully furnished. Parking for 2 cars
available. Rent negotiable.
Contact Number: 918765432, dori43@gmail.com
 SALE

DUPLEX BUILDING FOR SALE

For sale murari nagar,duplex building three
bedrooms, 1750sq.ft. with fully furnished .Car
parking available. Situated in the heart of the
city. Best Location. Reasonable price.Hurry up!
Contact for further details 22445367.
 3.VEHICLE

Heading
Model/s of manufacturing
Colour,accessories,etc
Conditioned.
Price offered/expected
Contact address and phone number
Ownership details
Insurance details
Mileage
 SALE OF A PRODUCT
• SALE! SALE! SALE! SALE!
Available a blue esteem India ,latest model
2013 A/C 65000 km,sparingly used, scratch
less , self driven, stereo fitted, beautiful
upholstery, excellent condition, no expense.
Price non-Negotiable Rs800000 /-
• Contact ANB Phno.2345432
 4.HOUSEHOLD GOODS:

• Brand , model, year of manufacturing

• Specify material, in case of furniture
• Condition
• Name of the item
• Contact address
• QUICKQUICKSALESALEOFFER! HURRY UP!
OFFER! HURRY UP!
FOR IMMEDIATE
FOR IMMEDIATESALE Whirlpool
SALE Whirlpool Washing
Washing machine
machine , Model
, Model TR 2343,’12 TR
2343,’12 purchased
purchased ,Grey
,Grey excellent excellent
condition, condition,
fully automatic, fully
under automatic,
warranty, owner
going abroad. Attractive Price. Contact G.V.Prasad,15/241,Saroor nagar,Pune.
under warranty, owner going abroad. Attractive Price. Contact
G.V.Prasad,15/241,Saroor nagar,Pune.
•   
 5. TO- LET

• Preferabably begin with WANTED OR AVAILABLE

• Type of accommodation-no. of bedrooms, size of the rooms
• Description-floor,porch,lawn,garden,etc
• Rent expected
• Indicate the direction/location: sun facing , well-lit, corner, proximity to
market,school etc
• State the type of construction
• Give details of water/electricity supply
• Preference of tenants-small family, company lease etc.
• Provide contact address
 6.EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

• Name of the institution/its past record

• Courses offered, duration
• Eligibility condition
• Facilities and fee structure
• Last date for registration
• Contact address and phone number

EFL COMMUNICATION CLASSES

EFL announces the commencement of its courses in Bangalore.
Duration – 4 months. Eligibility- Sr. Secondary. Excellent
faculty.Computerized training. Incentives for early birds. Send in
your application by 25 July 2013. Conctact Director,EFL
Institute,HighTech Bangalore .Phone-232500078.
 7.MATRIMONIAL

• Preferably begin with REQUIRED or WANTED

• Give personal details such as:
• Looks and appearance
• 1.Educational qualifications
2.Family background
3. Provide professional details
4. state your preferences, if any
5. Contact details & Phone number

MATRIMONIAL

REQUIRED a suitable match for a cultured ,smart,good-looking, MBA

girl,24/5-6”daughter of an Industrialist. Boy must be well-qulified, from a
good family. Caste no bar. Apply with complete biodata. P.O.Box No. 7666.
 8.TOURS AND TRAVELS

• Begin with phrase PACKAGE AVAILABLE

• Name of the travel agency
• Destination and duration
• Details of the package-boarding, lodging,sightseeing, Cost and special discount
and
Contact details.

TOURS AND TRAVELS

ATTRACTIVE PACKAGE available for Europe trip for 10 days, breakfast

and dinner, stay at 3 star hotel, sightseeing included ,Rs. 50000 per
person Special discount for bookings till Aug.15. Contact Teja Travels ,
4577894023
 
 9. MISSING PERSONS/PET ANIMALS
• Begin with MISSING
• Brief physical description for persons
• Name , age, height, complexion , built
• Health/mental condition
• Identification marks
• Clothes
For pet
• 1.Name,breed,colour,fur
• 2.dentifying features
• 3.State missing from where/when etc
• 4. Indicate reward if any
• 5.Contact address and phone number
   MISSING

MISSING a boy , Hari Kumar,6 yrs 3’4”fair , delicate wearing green T-Shirt and Black
pant,since 15th June from Koneru centre Cibur. Finder will be duly rewarded with
500000/- Speaks English,Hindi,Telugu. Inform II town Police station, Cibur.
  
 10.LOST AND FOUND

• Begin with LOST OR FOUND

• Specify item
• Brief physical description
• When/where lost/found
• Reward , if any
• Contact address

FOUND

Found last Tuesday , a blue colour VIP briefcase while travelling by

the Geetanjali Express. It will be returned to the owner after the
particulars and details of the content are given. Please contact :
Nitish Kaur,67,Sai Vihar Road, Jarsiguda.
 FORMAT OF INVITATION
INFORMAL INVITATIONS
• SENDER’S ADDRESS
• DATE
• SALUTATION
• OCCASION
• DATE AND TIME
• VENUE

• SUBSCRIPTION
• SENDER’S NAME
 FORMAL INVITATION REPLIES
• Q NO. 1) You have received an invitation to be the judge for a Quiz competition in ABC
School . Send a reply confirming your acceptance. You are Rekha/Rakesh (50 words)

• Reply

Mr. Pankaj Raj thanks Mr. R.K. Sarma,

Principal ,ABC School , Delhi for his kind
invitation to the QuizMcompetition to be
held on 25th September, 2020 in the school
Opilina. He is pleased to accept the
invitation and will attend the same.
 FORMAL REFUSAL

• You have been invited as a judge for a debate competition by

D.A.V. Public School. Draft a formal refusal (50 Words)
202, Marine Drive
Mumbai
, for inviting
21 September, 2020

Ms Nina Kapoor thanks the Principal, D.A.V. School for inviting heras a judge for the
debate competition to be held on Thursday , September 25 , 2020. at 10 a.m. in the
school premises. However, she sincerely apologises that she will not be able to come
as she will not able to come as she will be out of station. She wishes good luck to all
the participants.

Nina Kapoor
 FORMAL LETTER WRITING
FORMAT
• SENDER’S ADDRESS
• DATE
• TO ADDRESS
• SALUTATION
• SUBJECT
• BODY– INTRODUCTION OF THE SUBJECT
DETAILS OF THE SUBJECT
HOPE, WITH CONCLUSION
THANKING YOU
YOURS FAITHFULLY
XYZ
FOR CLASS 11 CBSE –LETTERS TO Principal, letters of complaint, business letters,
placing of orders, cancellation of orders, Reply to the complaints, official letters
FOR CLASS 12 CBSE– LETTERS TO THE EDITOR AND JOB APPLICATION ONLY

• LETTERS TO THE EDITOR

• TIPS
• DRAW THE ATTENTION OF THE CONCERNED AUTHORITIES TOWARDS THE ISSUE OR PROBLEM,
NOT THE EDITOR.
• DO NOT ASK THE EDITOR TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM BECAUSE HE CAN ONLY VOICE YOUR VIEWS.
• NEGATIVE MUST SOUND IN A POSITIVE WAY
• CAN SUGGEST SOME SOLUTIONS ALSO
• USE SIMPLE AND POLITE LANGUAGE
• YOUR LETTER MUST BE IN 3 PARAS. FIRST PARA INTRODUTION TO THE SUBJECT.SECOND PARA
DETAILS OF THE PROBLEM , PLACE, WHO IS EFFECTED, CONSEQUENCES OF THE PROBLEMS,
AND WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR IT. THIRD PARA SHOULD START WITH HOPE THE CONCERNED
AUTHORITIES WILL TAKE CARE OF THE PROBLEM AND RESOLVE IT AS SOON AS POSSIBLE.
• THANKING YOU
• YOURS TRULY/FAITHFULLY
• XYZ
• NO APOSTROPHE SHOULD BE USED FOR ‘YOURS’
 HOW TO START LETTERS?

• FOR EDITOR ------ THROUGH THE COLUMNS OF YOUR

ESTEEMED NEWSPAPER I WOULD LIKE TO
VENTILATE…….
• FOR COMPLAINT----- THIS IS TO BRING IT TO YOUR
KIND NOTICE
• FOR REQUEST/PLACING ORDER---- THIS IS TO
INFORM…..
• FOR JOB APPLICATION---- WITH REFERENCE TO YOUR
ADVERTISEMENT IN ‘THE HINDU’ DATED 2/2/2020
FOR THE POST OF …..
Write a letter to your Principal requesting to make internet facilities available to
students in the library

• A-302, Ramnagar
• Hyderabad-55

17th September, 2020

The Principal
ABC School
Gandipet
Hyderabad-58

Sir
Sub:- Request for internet facilities for students in the library
This is to bring it to your kind notice on behalf of entire students’ body , I request you to please internet
facilities in the library.
Due to the dearth of internet facilities we feel quite inadequate when we come in contact with students of
other schools……………….
Hope, you will consider our request favourably.
Thanking you
Yours faithfully
XYZ
HeadBoy
 LETEERS TO THE EDITOR
EXAMPLE:---You were distressed to see the misbehaviour and harassment faced by some foreigners at the hands
of self-proclaimed guides, greedy shop-keepers . Write a letter to the Editor of a national daily mentioning that
we have forgotten our culture of hospitality and are responsible for spoiling the image of our country.

3/5/456,lalpet Apts
Neel Nagar
Pune-55
3rd March,2020
The Editor
The Hindu
Goli Nagar
Pune-58
Subject:- Insulting our guests means insulting our culture
Sir
Through the columns of your esteemed newspaper I would like to draw the attention of the concerned authorities towards the facts that the foreigners
in our country are becoming victims of serious harassment by Indians, which is creating a bad opinion of our country’s rich culture and heritage.
Recently , a group of foreigners from France came to visit the popular fashionable market in Ranigunj area. But some shopkeepers charged the
exorbitant price for the goods to these unsuspecting tourists .There were Indians in disguise of self-proclaimed guides who directed the tourists to
wrong route for Aga khan palace and utilised an extra commission from the hired taxi driver. Even some of the beggars laughed at the group. They
criticised their language and their style.
Our culture Athidhi Devo Bhava where we respect the guests and honour them. I therefore, request you to publish this article to bring the awareness
among our Indians.
This will make the common people aware of the fact that we as natives of India should not forget our culture of hospitality towards foreign visitors, as
we are responsible to represent the image of our own country.
Hope, the concerned authorities will take severe action against the Indians who are not respecting our culture and to show proper hospitality to the
Athidhi.
Thanking you
Yours faithfully
XYZ
 LETTER FOR JOB APPLICATION
• Cover letter and Resume/curriculum vitae(CV)/Bio-data
• Starting lines for covering letter---
• With reference to your advertisement in The Hindu dated…….. for the post of ……..
• In response to your advertisement in ‘The Hindu’ dated ……….for the post of …….
• This is with referenceto your advertisement….
• I read your advertisement in ‘The Hindu’ dated…for the post of …. I would like to apply
for the same.
• Second para details of your educational qualification,experience,more about how
worthy you are any achievements your commitment, hard work, how you will be an
asset to the organisation etc
• Last para
• I will be highly obliged if my application is short listed for the next level. My bio-data is
enclosed hereeith for your kind persual.
• I can assure you of my sincerity and best services if given chance to serve your reputed
organization.I am enclosing my detailed resume for your persual.
 FORMAT FOR RESUME
• IN THE BOX
RESUME
NAME OF THE CANDIDATE :
DATE OF BIRTH :
AGE
NAME OF THE FATHER :
GENDER
MARITAL STATUS
CONTACT ADDRESS :
CONTACT NUMBER
EMAIL ID
EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION
TECHNICAL/PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATION
WORK EXPERIENCE
LANGUAGES KNOWN
HOBBIES
EXPECTED SALARY
REFERENCE : 1. NAME OF THE PERSON
DESIGNATION
NAME OF THE ORGANISATION
PLACE
CONTACT NUMBER
EMAIL ID

2. NAME OF THE PERSON

DESIGNATION
NAME OF THE ORGANISATION
PLACE
CONTACT NUMBER
EMAIL ID

SIGNATURE
NAME OF THE CANDIDATE : RADHA .M
DATE OF BIRTH : 8TH NOVEMBER 19XX :
AGE : xxxxx
NAME OF THE FATHER : M.SHEKAR :
GENDER : FEMALE
MARITAL STATUS : MARRIED
CONTACT ADDRESS : N-44/3/5,KUSHI HOMES, KOTI, HYDERABAD-55 :
CONTACT NUMBER : 9567238892
EMAIL ID : radhe@gmail.com
EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION : Master of Arts (M.A) in English from Osmania University  Master of Education (M.Ed)
from IIPS Lucknow University.  Bachelor of Education (B.Ed) from BSP Lucknow  Bachelor of Commerce (B. Com) from
Nagarjuna University  Post- Graduation Diploma in Pre- Primary Education from
Annamalai University.  Post Graduate Diploma in Computer Applications (P.G.D.C.A) from B.D.P.S.,. 
TECHNICAL/PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATION Hyderabad.  C.C.E.T Specialization Course in English from Osmania
University.
:  Post Graduate Certificate in the Teaching of English (P.G.C.T.E) from EFL University
WORK EXPERIENCE : 20n years of experience
LANGUAGES KNOWN : Speaking Proficiency in English, Tamil, Hindi and Telugu

HOBBIES : Reading,travelling,dance,creative art

EXPECTED SALARY
REFERENCE : 1. NAME OF THE PERSON Krishna
DESIGNATION Principal
NAME OF THE ORGANISATION AVP school
PLACE Kurnool
CONTACT NUMBER xxxxxxxxx
EMAIL ID xxxxxxxxxxx

2. NAME OF THE PERSON Naresh

DESIGNATION Director
NAME OF THE ORGANISATION Next Solution
 Cover letter
 

House No.17, Chakrapani Street

Virugambakkam
Chennai, 6000092
• 
• Dear Sir/Madam,
• With reference to your advertisement in ‘The Hindu’ dated xxxxxx for the post of Vice Principal .
• It is with great enthusiasm that I submit my resume in consideration for a suitable position as an English resource person or Vice Principal in your
esteemed organisation. My qualifications are M.A., M.Ed., in English.
• I’ve 20 years of experience in teaching field. I am confident in my ability to be a valuable member of your faculty.
• I have guided around 45 students in achieving more than 90 marks (with the highest being 97) in English in the Board exam conducted by ICSE in
2016.
• In have also guided around 20 students in achieving more than 90% (highest being 96%) in ISC examination in the year 2016.
• Under my guidance more than 15 students scored 91 marks in English in XII C.B.S.E board 2014 from D.P.S. Vijayawada with highest score 97.
• The enclosed resume will highlight my career achievements and showcase my dedication. I have had the opportunity to instruct a wide variety of
students from various backgrounds and cultures.
• 
• My goal is to edify my students, especially slow learners and to foster and maintain a supportive classroom environment in which each student
feels special and appropriately challenged.
• If given an opportunity, I shall execute my duties with sincerity leaving no gap between promise and performance.
• I should appreciate the opportunity of an interview at any time convenient to you.
• My resume is enclosed herewith for your kind perusal.
• 
• Thanking you
• 
• Yours sincerely
• XYZ
• Ph. No. XXXXXXXXXXX
PLACING AN ORDER LETTER
WRITE a letter to Royal sports , T.Nagar, Chennai placing an order for sports articles to be supplied
to your school. Alpha Senior Secondary School, CT Nagar, Cuttack.You are Revanth/Revathi
Alpha Senior Secondary School
CT Nagar
Cuttack-87
12th June, 20xx
The Manager
Royal Sports
T.Nagar
Chennai-44
Sir
Subject: Placing the order of the sports articles
This is to bring it to your kind notice that as the sports day of our school is being held next month, we want you
to supply the following sports articles as soon as possible,so that the students can practice for the various sports
tournaments.
S.NO. ITEM BRAND QUANTITY
1 FOOTBALL TISKO 6
2 CRICKET KITS NAB 10
3 TABLE TENNIS BATS AFK 8
Please send the material to school. Please let us know the discount and bill amount. The amount will be paid after
the consignment is received.
Further , please ensure the quality of the consignment. Hope we receive the consignment as early as possible.
Thanking you
Yours faithfully
Revanth
 FORMAT OF ARTICLE WRITING
• HEADING
• BY: XYZ
• TITLE/HEADING- It should be thought provoking and catchy highlighting the theme
• NAME OF THE WRITER –Sign off your article with your name in the end. It can be
written after the heading also
• INTRODUCTION : The first few sentences in the first para should introduce the topic and
its main idea
• DESCRIPTION OF THE TOPIC-The middle para should highlight the main facts of the topic
like ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES/CAUSES/EFFECTS/IMPACTS
• ENDING- The last few sentences in the last para should state a conclusion on the topic
with your views or
• CONCLUSION/SUGGESTIONS : Minimum 5 suggestions are required.
• End the article with a desire ,an appeal or a warning.

• SLOGAN/QUOTE: This can be in the beginning or in the end.

THINGS TO REMEMBER BEFORE WRITING AN
ARTICLE
• Article writing requires high degree of creativity.
• Wide range of vocabulary.
• Thorough knowledge of the subject.
• Structured piece of writing to inform, to
persuade,to entertain or convince the reader.
• Usually written in third person.
• Is written in 3 to 4 paragraphs.
• Language to be simple and grammatically
correct.Must express the content in a proper way
 EDUCATION BEYOND CLASSROOM TEACHING--TITLE
BY: TEJA/SRILEKHA --------NAME OF THE WRITER

• “LEARNING IS A CREATION NOT CONSUMPTION”

It’s the teacher that makes the difference not the classroom.The lessons we learn outside the classroom Introd
are equally if not more important than the ones we learn inside.One can’t emphasize this enough. We uction
learn how to live life.Education is very important for all .It involves reason and correct approach to life.
The system of Education is conservative, theoretical and non-professional.
An educated person must not only have bookish knowledge but also practical exposure. Education
means not just the subjects like math,science,commerce but also the talents and skills of students using Descri
these subject knowledge practically in their daily life. The qualities of head and heart like courage,
chivalry and personality should not be overlooked.Art Integrated learning is more interesting which gives
ption
a good exposure to learn . Instead of pushing and prodding the children like beasts of burden, they of the
should aim for overall development of children. The skills and talents like music,dance,painting and topic
sports must be integrated with the classroom teaching.Vocational courses must be encouraged more
vividly in the educational system. Degrees are not linked with the jobs.The present Education system
lacks in inculcating the ideas of moral values,honesty, dedication,commitment,sincerity,responsibility
and national feeling. So the educated youth must astray from the path and become criminials.Most of
the crimes are committed under the veil of educated men who are unemployed.
sugg
So, the education must bring the change in the system by practical knowledge teaching. The teacher
must teach moral values along with the theoritical teaching, Practical experiments must be integrated estio
with the life skills. Talents and skills must be given priority. Art integrated learning must be made n
compulsory in all schools. Gurukul education system of olden days was very usefel for their survival in
their life later. Conclu
Each one teach one .Education is a must for progress. Education gives wisdom and knowledge. sion
Education beyond classroom teaching will build a good nation in future. and
 FORMAT OF REPORT WRITING
what is report writing?why is it written?
• A report is a description of an event or an issue or a
problem that has already taken place. It is a factual
description of some event which occurred somewhere,
but is of interest to the general masses or the readers
for whom it is meant.
• It is a vivid expression of a person’s experience.
• It is commentary on the incidents seen by the reporter.
• Reports create awareness among the readers.
• They give voice to many social problems and help in
solving them through the concerned authorities.
 POINTS TO REMEMBER
• A good report should present all the necesarry details clearly.
• It should always be in past tense
• It should answer all ‘WH’ questions.
• It should be written in indirect speech and mostly in passive
voice.
• It must be written in ‘Third Person’, avoid using pronouns like
–I,You or me
• Must keep the report coherent and logical.
• Must use simple, clear and formal language.
• Avoid irrelevant information and repetition.
 FORMAT OF REPORT WRITING
• There are two types of reports :
• 1. Newspaper reports 2. School Magazine reports
• Headline-Must be catchy headline. Must be in phrase.
• By line- Name of the reporter mentioned in the question if name is not given in the question mention just XYZ
• Mention the place and date below the by line.
• Lead Paragraph- FOR SCHOOL MAGAZINES
• First answer all who,where,what,when how questions. Mention date , place, name of the organization, give
detail description of the incident or event ,causes,effects,consequences guests -chief guest, eminent
personalities,number of participants,winners, prize /awards,interesting event, Eye witness words of
interest,concluding observation
• Lead paragragh –FOR NEWSPAPER REPORT
• First answer all who,where,what,when how questions. Mention date , place and time of the incident give
detail description of the incident or event ,causes,effects,consequences , narrate the incident in
chronological order. Eye witness words in quotes(Direct Speech),political involvement, any ex gratia for the
victims, action taken by police,finally describe the course of action being planned.
• Use short paragraphs for description and ending conclusions
• Maximum 3 paragraphs
• Adhere to word limit –(120-150 words)
EXAMPLE FOR NEWS REPORT
A well-known rafting guide gets drowned in the river after saving 5 tourists. Write a report , to
be published in a local daily , covering this rafting mishap.

RIVER RAFTING THRILLS BUT ALSO KILLS

By: XYZ ,Staff reporter
COCHIN: 23rd Feb, 20XX
River rafting Hero-the guide drowns after saving 5 tourists lives in Cochin yesterday. He was a well known
conservant with the river and having more than 15 years of experience of the swift flow of the river .
However, his heroism cost him his life.
The mishap occurred at about 3.00 pm on Tuesday, when the raft carrying the foreign tourists turned turtle
downstream the river. All the 5 tourists were saved by the young 35 years old Mukul as he physically
dragged them away from the fast swift swiriling water ,but he was carried away by the force of water and
drowned due to exhaustion.The force of water was so swift that he could not manage to survive himself. By
the time the Bystanders came to rescue him , it was too late as too much of water had entered into his lungs
,causing asphyxiation.
He was rushed to the hospital ,doctors tried to revive him but to no avail they declared him dead.
Government has ordered an enquiry into the mishap. The government declared Bravery award for the guide
and announced ex gratia foe his family members.
“The measures of safety and causes of the mishap will be taken care “,said Mr.Mathur, the Ministry of
Tourism. “He is the real hero for us,as he saved our life at the cost of his life”, said Mr. Peter,one of the
tourists.
He will be remembered for his excellent devotion to duty.
 FORMAT OF SPEECH
FORMAT-ADDRESS THE GATHERING
SPEECH IN THREE OR FOUR PARAGRAPHS
FOR CLASS 11

Format 1, content- 2, expression-2

Heading
By
Good Morning everyone
Respected Principal , teachers and my dear friends. I am ---------- of class XI. Today I
would like to share my views with you on crimes against children . It is horrifying
reality with which we have to contend.
::::::::::::::::::::::::
I hope my words will make you think about the matter.
Thank you
 SPEECH WRITING
• It is an effective way of conveying message to
a larger audience.
• One of the ways to spread awareness
regarding social issues or giving information
about any other issue.
• It is composed of introduction, exposition of
topic, summing up and conclusion.
 COMPONENTS OF A SPEECH
• INTRODUCTION
• Start by greeting the guest, fellow speakers and audience.
• Specify the occasion of the speech.
• Announce the topic
• Start by creating interest among audience can be recent anecdote or a story or
historical reference.
• EXPOSITION OF THE TOPIC
• Build up a sequence of ideas, use relevant examples, evidence or data and draw
up arguments for /against, advantages and disadvantages etc
• Present ideas in an interesting manner.
• SUMMING UP
• Summarize the most important points but do not repeat them. CONCLUSION
• Conclude with a call for an action, appeal , request or just an expression of
thanks.
 EXAMPLE:
You have to speak in your school’s morning assembly on ‘The Ideal Indian’ .
Draft your speech based on the Empowering inspiring and educating young
Indians. You are Sravya/Sravan of class XI.

GOOD MORNING EVERYONE.RESPECTED PRINCIPAL, HONOURABLE GUEST, TEACHERS AND MY DEAR FRIENDS. TODAY I
SRAVYA/SRAVAN OF CLASS XI WILL GIVE YOU THE VISION OF ‘THE IDEAL INDIAN’.
A citizen is a person who lives in a state and is governed by its laws in all matters.  An ideal citizen is an asset to a nation.  Countries
are not good or bad but their citizens make them so.  Smugglers, law breakers and people of bad character are also citizens of a
country but they cannot be called ideal citizens. Every citizen has a dream about his / her ideal nation. Surely every Indian citizen too
has some ideas and vision about the ‘Ideal India of his / her dreams’. Like every nation, India too faces some challenges, that are felt
by the majority of the Indian citizens. And dealing with these challenges effectively would be the ideal India for a vast majority of the
Indian population.
• All Indians are proud of their prosperous, rich and intellectually advanced history and culture. It would be great to see this
history and culture represented positively in the India of today. The rich Indian culture has many elements that can have
solutions to today’s problems in the Indian and the Global society. It would make the Ideal Indian proud to see the values and
learning from its culture and history spread positively across the world. Whereby, the world recognizes and looks upon proudly
on all aspects of Indian heritage. The Indian Culture is rich in methods of Spiritual Practice, Development and Meditation. But
the application of this rich history is lacking in today’s Indian Society. In an ideal India, the rich Spiritual Practices and Meditation
techniques will be implemented in the daily lives of the entire Indian population. The population will be proud to use and
implement these in their daily lives. While the rest of the world looks upon India as a Spiritual guide, India will stand-up to this
role and ‘Walk the Talk’ of Spiritual Growth in its entire population.
• Every Indian will be a representative of this powerful element of life to the rest of the world. An Indian will exhibit and teach the
values of Meditation and Spiritual Practices.
• Being an Indian will mean being a uniquely ‘happy and prosperous individual’ in a wholesome way.
Conclusion: ‘The Ideal Indian’ means for every Indian represents a harmonious representation of its rich culture, values of global
peace, global leadership, economic development and spiritual vision on the global scene. Being an Ideal Indian will and should mean
being an example of living a ‘truly happy, full-filled and peaceful life, internally and externally’. So every ideal Indian must be self
reliant and must be the part of the society to spread peace, knowledge and maintain harmony in India
When a man is perfect, he sees perfection in others. DAWN OF A NEW INDIA – AN AATMANIRBHAR BHARAT 
THANK YOU
 DEBATE
• It is a contest between two speakers to show
their skills and abilities in an argument over a
topic.
• ❖ It is a formal discussion before a public
assembly.
• ❖ It is a persuasive manner of speaking.
• ❖ A speaker either speaks for the topic or
against the issue being discussed.
 IMPORTANT POINTS FOR DEBATE
• Format includes opening address and conclusion.
• ➢ Debate should have good introduction to grab the audience’s
attention.
• ➢ Address the jury and the audience properly.
• ➢ Make your stand very clear from the very beginning.
• ➢ Highlight the main points of your argument emphatically.
• ➢ While developing points substantiate them with relevant examples.
• ➢ Use argumentative style and logical reasoning.
• ➢ State your own opinion or view in the concluding lines with a
powerful statement .
• ➢ Throughout the debate stick to your viewpoint either in favour or
against .
 Things to remember on debate writing

• Things to remember while attempting a question on debate writing for class 12 English writing skills
• DO'S
• Before you begin writing, write down all the points (one/two words per point) at the back of your answer sheet (rough sheet)
so that you do not forget relevant points while writing. This also helps you in maintaining a sequence, which is very important.
• Make sure you double check for grammatical accuracy and spellings. They carry marks.
• Leave adequate number of lines between paragraphs to make it look clean.
• Underlining the main points is very important. But it is advised to do it after finishing your exam. Use a pencil and scale for
underlining.
• Always have a few general quotes in handy. They help in presentation and shows that you're prepared
• Presentation is very important.
• Read a lot of debates to get an idea.
• Have information about all the major environmental, political, social issues that have taken place during the entire year. The
Sample Question Paper 2018-19 released by CBSE consists of a question on "Social Media and its effects"Â. It can be linked
with a lot of problems we are facing today on personal and on global level. Example- Spreading of fake information, Mob
lynching, reduced physical activities in children resulting in poor health, etc.
• DON'Ts
• Never mention any of your personal details, i.e., name, school name or address.
• Never write in one go. Make sure you follow the right format and make paragraphs.
• Don't use slangs or short forms.
• Don't write wrong facts.
• Try not to exceed the prescribed word limit 
EXAMPLE:- "Academic excellence is the only requirement for a
successful career." Write a debate either for or against the motion.

• ACADEMIC EXCELLENCE IS THE ONLY REQUIREMENT FOR A SUCCESSFUL CAREER.

FOR THE MOTION:
"The beautiful thing about learning is that no one can take it from you."
Respected judges and my worthy opponents, I stand before you all to speak in favour of the motion: "Academic
excellence is the only requirement for a successful career".
•
Right to Education is the fundamental right of every child in the age group of six to fourteen years. The education
system in the primary years is designed so as to provide basic knowledge of each subject and help the youth of today
to choose their subject of interest for its deeper study that can only be provided effectively through universities. It
plays a key role in the development of society and nation. Information cannot be converted into knowledge without
education. Education makes us capable of interpreting things, among other things.
•
It helps in raising future leaders by providing them clear understanding and developing decision making abilities. It
makes them resourceful and competent. Excellence in academics prepares children for the competition ahead and
teaches them to work hard as well. 
Moreover, Excellency will ensure admission to the best universities for higher education that provide exposure and a
kick start to their career. To conclude, I would say that one who has it's academic future choices sorted out, has it's
career planned out.
•
"The goal of education is the advancement of knowledge and the dissemination of truth.“
Thank you.
 "Academic excellence is the only requirement for a
successful career." Write a debate either for or against
the motion.
• AGAINST THE MOTION:
What a world it is, with everyone on their phones, all the time, faking their lives and keeping a count of their likes?
• Honourable judges, teachers and my worthy opponents, thank you for giving me the opportunity to join this
debate on the topic, "Social Media and It's Effects". I amNaren/Nalini and I would like to speak against the
motionof the topic.
• It has now become doubtful to trust the saying that goes like "Technology was developed to save time and make
our lives easier", because people have become addicted and unproductive. It takes a lot of effort and discipline to
stay away from social media. Results have shown that it has had adverse effects on human minds and their
functioning. Outdoor activities among children have also reduced significantly.
No doubt it provides access to useful information, but, it is hard to ignore the quantum of fake news that spreads
like wildfire and the extent of impact it has on the society. In fact, fake whatsapp forwards was a clear pattern that
was observed behind the recent mob lynchings or rather, "Death by social media".
It is one of the reasons behind insecurities and depression among teenagers. It is right that technology was
introduced to save time, but we forgot to mention, "In the right amount"Â. So, remember, you leave the present
moment every time you check the phone.
•
Thank you for your cooperation and patient hearing.

• 
NOTE MAKING
 DEFINITION
Note-making is the practice
of recording information
captured from another
source. By taking notes, the
writer records the essence
of the information, freeing
Y IS NOTE MAKING IMPORTA
IMPORTANT POINTS
FORMAT
AMPLES OF WORD TRUNCATIO
OMMON SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATION
 How to write note making
Follow the following steps:
Step 1 : (i)Read the passage carefully.
(ii)Try to get the theme and subject of the passage. You may
ask yourself: “What is this passage about?” This will provide
you the gist.
Step 2 : Read carefully. Identify main ideas and important
supporting details.
Step 3 : Make notes of the main ideas under headings and
add sub-points under sub-headings.
Step 4 : Use proper layout/format, e.g.,
(a) Indented, linear form
(b) Sequential form
(c) Tabular form
(d) Flow chart
 Read the following passages carefully:
• Conversation is indeed the most easily
teachable of all arts. All you need to do in
order to become a good conversationalist is
to find a subject that interests you and your
listeners. There are, for example, numberless
hobbies to talk about. But the important
thing is that you must talk about other
fellow’s hobby rather than your own. Therein
lies the secret of your popularity. Talk to your
friends about the things that interest them,
and you will get a reputation for good
• It is just as important to know what subjects to
avoid and what subjects to select for good
conversation. If you don’t want to be set down
as a wet blanket or a bore, be careful to avoid
certain unpleasant subjects. Avoid talking about
yourself, unless you are asked to do so. People
are interested in their own problems not in
yours. Sickness or death bores everybody. The
only one who willingly listens to such talk is the
doctor, but he gets paid for it.
• To be a good conversationalist you must know not
only what to say, but how also to say it. Be
mentally quick and witty. But don’t hurt others
with your wit. Finally try to avoid mannerism in
your conversation. Don’t bite your lips or click
 1.Make notes and the
contents of above
paragraph in any format,
using abbreviations. Supply
a suitable title also. 5
2.Make a summary of the
passage. 3
• Answer:
1 Title: The Art of Conversation Notes:
1.Conv’n—most easily tch’ble art
(a) Reqd. interest’g subject – hobbies
(b) Talk about other fellow’s int./hobby
(c) Win’g reptn. as good conversationalist
(i) good f’ship
(ii) charm’g wit
(iii) brl. mind
2.Fit subs, for conversationalist
(a) What subs, to avoid/select?
(b) Avoid unpl’nt subs.
(i) sickness
(ii) death
(c) Avoid talk’g about self
 3. Qualities of a good
conversationalist
(a) What to say & how to say it
(i)  quick & witty
(ii) pleasant & unhurt’g
(iii) avoid mannerisms .
 2. Summary:

Art of conversation
Conversation is the easiest and the most
effective tool than other arts. To have
such attractive quality, you need to pick
a subject that interest your listeners
more than you. Talk to your friends on
topics that can indulge your friends in
the conversation for a longer period of
time. Being a good conversationalist,
you have to quick and witty. You should