CHEMISTRY

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
 VITAL FORCE
THEORY
J.J Berzelius defined this theory in 1815, setting down three
principles with it:
1. Organic compounds cannot be made in the laboratory from
inorganic compounds.

2. Synthesis of organic compounds requires a vital force.

3. Only living organisms (God-given) contain this vital force.

BREAKDOW
N OF VITAL
FORCE
THEORY -Kolbe prepared acetic acid in 1844.
-Hennel synthesized ethyl alcohol in
1828.
-Berthelot synthesized methane in
1856.
-Friedrich Wohler
acidentally prepared UREA
(NH2-CO-NH2 )
In 1928.
 Modern concept
Organic compound are large class of
chemical compounds in which one or more atoms
of carbon are covalently linked to atoms of other
elements, most commonly hydrogen, oxygen, or
nitrogen.

The few carbon-containing compounds are not

classified as organic include carbides, carbonates,
and cyanides.
 -Contains carbon as essential
element
Properties of
organic - Made up of few elements like
compounds carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen,
sulphur, halogens, etc.

-Their number is more than

inorganic compounds

-Organic componds are made up of

covalent bond and polar or ionic in
nature.

-They melt or boil at lower

temperature than ionic compounds
and are volatile.
 TETRAVALENC
Y
A carbon atom completes its octet only by sharing its
valence electrons with other atoms. As a result, a
carbon atom forms four covalent bonds by sharing
valence electrons with other atoms. This is known as
tetravalency of carbon ("tetra" means four).
 CATENATION
Catenation is the ability of carbon to form long
chains. In fact, carbon atoms are unique because
of catenation—they are unique among all of the
other atoms found in nature. Now, carbon chains
are formed because they form bonds, or
tetravalent bonds, with other carbon atoms.
SOURCES OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Classification of Organic
Compounds
 THE
END
PREPARED BY:
1. Pradip Basnet
2. Krishna Shah
3. Kiran Adhikari
4. Nischal Kafle
5. Avinash Pradhan
6.