TEK

UT N
T
O
INSTI

LOGI

*
B
AN
* Convergent Tectonics
DUN
G
SA-Con-1
 2.1 divergent plate interaction
and tensional tectonic regime
2.2 convergent interaction,
compressional and tensional
tectonic regime
2.3 strike-slip, transtension and
transpressional regime
TEK
UT N
T
O
INSTI

LOGI

*
B
AN
* Convergent Tectonics
DUN
G
SA-Con-2
 BASIC CONCEPT OF PLATE TECTONICS
PRODUCT OF
INTERACTION

PLATE INTERACTION
FORCES ACTIVE AT PLATE - MAGMATIC
BOUNDARY CONVERGENT
ACTIVITY
GEOMETRY -
TECTONIC UNITS -

STRUCTURAL
STYLE

COMPRESSIONAL BASIN
FORMATION
AND
AND
TENSIONAL TECTONIC EVOLUTION
REGIMES

TEK
UT N
T
O
INSTI

LOGI

*
B
AN
* Convergent Tectonics
DUN
G
SA-Con-3
 TEK
UT N
T
O
INSTI

LOGI

*
B
AN
* Convergent Tectonics
DUN
G
SA-Con-4
 PLATE BOUNDARY PRODUCED BY SINKING,
FORCES DOWNBENDING
RESPONSIBLE FOR F RESISTANCE
DEFORMATION AND COLLISION

Fsu Fsp

DENSE COOL SLAB

Fsu Fsp
SUBDUCTION SUCTION SLAB-PULL
CAUSED BY THE EFFECT ACTS ON A SUBDUCTING
OF SUBDUCTION ON THE PLATE
OVERLYING PLATE. RESULTS FROM THE NEGATIVE
TEK (± 20 Mpa ) BUOYANCY OF THE COOLER,
UT N
T DENSER LITHOSFERE OF THE
O
INSTI

SINKING SLAB.
LOGI

*
B
AN
* Convergent Tectonics
DUN
G
SA-Con-5
 Ftr : TRANSFORM FAULT
RESISTANCE
Fcd : CONTINENTAL
DRAG
Fdf : MANTLE DRAG
FORCE Fsu

Fcd + Fdf Frp

Fcr: COLLIDING RESISTENCE

Fsr : SLAB FORCE
RESIST.
Fsp : SLAB PULL FORCE

Fsu
SUBDUCTION SUCTION
UT
TEK
N CAUSED BY THE EFFECT
T
OF SUBDUCTION ON THE
O
INSTI

LOGI

OVERLYING PLATE.
*
B
AN
* (± 20 Mpa ) Convergent Tectonics
DUN
G
SA-Con-6
 PRODUCE :

MAGMATIC
COMPRESSIONAL CONVERGENT
ACTIVITY
AS WELL AS

EXTENSIONAL
TECTONIC REGIMES STRUCTURAL
STYLE

BASIN
FORMATION
AND
EVOLUTION

TEK
UT N
T
O
INSTI

LOGI

*
B
AN
* Convergent Tectonics
DUN
G
SA-Con-7
 2 TYPES OF INTERACTION : MAGMATIC
CONVERGENT
ACTIVITY

A. ASSOCIATED WITH
SUBDUCTION OF ONE STRUCTURAL
OF THE PLATES STYLE

B. COLLISION
BASIN
FORMATION
AND
EVOLUTION

TEK
UT N
T
O
INSTI

LOGI

*
B
AN
* Convergent Tectonics
DUN
G
SA-Con-8
 A. ASSOCIATED WITH
SUBDUCTION OF ONE
OF THE PLATES

BETWEEN

OCEANIC & OCEANIC &

OCEANIC CONTINENTAL
U T T E KPLATES
N
PLATES
T
O
INSTI

LOGI

*
B
AN
* Convergent Tectonics
DUN
G
SA-Con-9
 Oceanic-continent interaction : Oceanic-oceanic interaction
“Active continental margin” “Island arc system”

Continent-continent interaction
Mountain range

TEK
UT N
T
O
INSTI

LOGI

*
B
AN
* Convergent Tectonics
DUN
G
SA-Con-10
 Active continental
Margin type

TEK
UT N
T
O
INSTI

LOGI

*
B
AN
* Convergent Tectonics
DUN
G
SA-Con-11
 Back-
arc
Arc basin

TEK
T
UT N Island arc type (Marina Type)
O
INSTI

LOGI

*
B
AN
* Convergent Tectonics
DUN
G
SA-Con-12
 TEK
UT N
T
O
INSTI

LOGI

*
B
AN
* Convergent Tectonics
DUN
G
SA-Con-13
 1. CONVERGENCE RATE
2. ABSOLUTE MOTION OF
PRINCIPLE CONTROLS
UPPER PLATE
ON THE GEOMETRI
Of ARC TRENCH SYSTEM 3. SUBDUCTION OF
OCEANIC RIDGE
4. AGE OF OCEANIC
LITOSPHERE

GENERALIZED MORPHOLOGY
AND ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS

INFLUENCED

1. SLAB DIP
2. ARC-TRENCH GAP

TEK
UT N
T
O
INSTI

LOGI

*
B
AN
* Convergent Tectonics
DUN
G
SA-Con-14
 TEK
UT N
T
O
INSTI

LOGI

*
B
AN
* Convergent Tectonics
DUN
G
SA-Con-15
 150-600 1. CONVERGENCE RATE
FAST KM
INFLUENCED
T 1. SLAB DIP
2. ARC-TRENCH GAP

100-200
KM
SLOW

TEK
UT N
T
O
INSTI

LOGI

*
B
AN
* Convergent Tectonics
DUN
G
SA-Con-16
 600 - 1000 2. ABSOLUTE MOTION OF
FAST KM UPPER PLATE
INFLUENCED
T 1. SLAB DIP
2. ARC-TRENCH GAP

100-150
KM
SLOW
T

TEK
UT N
T
O
INSTI

LOGI

CROSS & PILGER 1982

*
B
AN
* Convergent Tectonics
DUN
G
SA-Con-17
 100-150 3. AGE OF SUBDUCTED
KM
OCEANIC LITHOSPHERE
OLD
(>50 MY)
T INFLUENCED
1. SLAB DIP
2. ARC-TRENCH GAP

EXTINCT
YOUNG ARC
(<50 MY)
T

TEK
UT N
T SUBDUCTED
O
INSTI

RIDGE
LOGI

*
B * Convergent Tectonics CROSS & PILGER 1982
AN
DU NG SA-Con-18
 UT
TEK
N ACCRETIONARI PRISM YANG LEBAR AKIBAT
T INTERAKSI YANG MENYERONG
O
INSTI

LOGI

*
B
AN
* Convergent Tectonics
DUN
G
SA-Con-19
 IN GENERAL :
1. LOW DIP RESULTS FROM COMBINATIONS
OF RAPID ABSOLUTE UPPER PLATE AND
RELATIVELY RAPID CONVERGENT AND
SUBDUCTION OF YOUNG OCEANIC LITHOS.

2. STEEPER SUBDUCTION, RESULTS FROM

COMBINATIONS OF SLOW ABSOLUTE
UPPER PLATE AND SLOW RELATIVE
RATE CONVERGENCE AND SUBDUCTION
OF OLD, DENSE OCEANIC LITH.

TEK
UT N
T
O
INSTI

LOGI

*
B
AN
* Convergent Tectonics
DUN
G
SA-Con-20
 THE CONSEQUENCES ARE :

# EITHER A LANDWARD DISPLACEMENT OF

MAGMATIC ARC, OR CESSATION OF
SUBDUCTION

# DEVELOPMENT OF A COMPRESSIONAL
TECTONIC REGIME WITHIN AND
BEHIND THE ARC

1. LOW DIP RESULTS FROM COMBINATIONS

OF RAPID ABSOLUT UPPER PLATE AND
RELATIVELY RAPID CONVERGENT AND
SUBDUCTION OF YOUNG OCEANIC LITHOS.

“ACTIVE CONTINENTAL MARGIN”

TYPICAL FOR
( HIGH STRESS OR CHILLIAN TYPE )
TEK
UT N
T
O
INSTI

LOGI

*
B
AN
* Convergent Tectonics
DUN
G
SA-Con-21
 Baribis Thrust Back Arc Basins

Ct
.F a
Cm.Fault
ult

Fore Arc
Accret Basin
ionary 1000m
B asins 3000m

Accretionary Ridge
3000m

BERGESER KE ARAH
KETERANGAN : SAMUDRA
TETAP
Vulkanik Kuarter Jalur Subduksi Kuarter
BERGESER Vulkanik Miosen Akhir - Pliosen
KEARAH DARAT
Jalur Subduksi Tersier
Vulkanik Eosen Akhir – Miosen Awal Sesar Naik
Sesar Geser
TEK
UT N
T
O
INSTI

LOGI

Gambar : Perkembangan zona subduksi dan busur magmatik pada jaman Tersier sampai sekarang
pada Orogen SundaConvergent Tectonics
* *
B (modifikasi Soeria-Atmadja dkk. 1994 dan Simanjuntak & Barber 1996)
AN
DUN
G
SA-Con-22
 STRUKTURAL PATTERN ON SUBDUCTION ASSOCIATED CONVERGENCT

THRUST ACCRETIONARY PRISM

BELT
CONTINENTAL MAGMATIC
PLATE ARC FORE ARC CONVERGEN
MARGINAL BASIN PLATE
BASIN MARGINS
splay
Continental
Plate OCEANIC
PLATE
thrust
lake
transfer or
Transfer arc normal structures
Structure

thrust OCEANIC
Overprinting porphyry collapsed PLATE
lake
Intrusion in caldera
transfer structure
jog

Porphyry intrusion localised

by splays and jogs in
accretionary structures
and rift margins Partial
melting

Marginal/back arc basin

crustal thinning and melting
thrust
with silicic igneous activity
accretionary or
TEK arc parallel structures
UT N
T
O
INSTI

LOGI

Gambar : Tipe struktur yang berkembang pada sistem suduksi (Corbett & Leach, 1998)
*
B
AN
* Convergent Tectonics
DUN
G
SA-Con-23
 2 TYPES OF PLATE INTERACTION : MAGMATIC
CONVERGENT
ACTIVITY

A. ASSOCIATED WITH
SUBDUCTION OF ONE STRUCTURAL
OF THE PLATE STYLE

B. COLLISION
BASIN
WITHOUT SUBDUCTION
FORMATION
AND
EVOLUTION

# COLLISION TECTONIS
TEK # INDENTATION TECTONICS
UT N
T # EXTRUSION TECTONICS
O
INSTI

# ESCAPE TECTONICS
LOGI

# OBDUCTION
*
B * # FLAKE TECTONICS Convergent Tectonics
AN
DUN
G
SA-Con-24
 TEK
UT N
T
O
INSTI

LOGI

*
B
AN
* Convergent Tectonics
DUN
G
SA-Con-25
 1. BETWEEN CONTINENT AND
CONTINENT
( INDIA AND ASIA )

2 BETWEEN CONTINENT AND

ISLAND ARC SYSTEM
( BANDA ARC AND AUSTRALIA )

3. BETWEEN TWO ISLAND ARCS

( NORTH MOLUCCA’S )

B. COLLISION
WITHOUT SUBDUCTION

# COLLISION TECTONIS
# INDENTATION TECTONICS
# EXTRUSION TECTONICS
# ESCAPE TECTONICS
TEK
UT N # OBDUCTION
T
# FLAKE TECTONICS
O
INSTI

LOGI

*
B
AN
* Convergent Tectonics
DUN
G
SA-Con-26
 SUBDUCTION COMPLEX

RELATED TERMINOLOGY :
(DEPEND ON THE PROCESS
AND CONDITION DURING
SUBDUCTION)
TRENCH
SUBDUCTION
COMPLEX • SUBDUCTION ZONE
• ACCRETIONARY PRISM
CONTINENTAL • ME’LANGE WEDGE
CRUST
• SUBDUCTION ACCRETION AND
• SUBDUCTION EROSIAN

OCEANIC
CRUST
TEK
UT N
T
O
INSTI

LOGI

*
B
AN
* Convergent Tectonics
DUN
G
SA-Con-27
 SUBDUCTION COMPLEX

3 DISTINCT STRUCTURAL
STYLES CAN BE RECOGNIZED
( DICKINSON AND SEELY, 1979 )

1. BEDDED SEQUENCE
ISOCLINALLY FOLDED

2. METAMORPHIC TECTONITES,
SCHISTOSE OR SEMI SCHISTOSE,
IN PERVASIVELY METAMORHOC FABRICS.

TEK
UT N
T
O
INSTI

LOGI

*
B
AN
* Convergent Tectonics
DUN
G
SA-Con-28
 THE INTERNAL STRUCTURE
IS MADE UP OF A SERIES

OF IMBRICATE LISTRIC
THRUST
DIPPING TOWARDS THE ARC

CONTAIN BODIES OF
INTENSELY DEFORMED ROCKS
SCRAPED
CHARACTERIZED BY :
TRENCH FILL, TURBIDITES,
1. INCLUSION OF TECTONICALLY AND PELAGIC SEDIMENTS AND
MIXED FRAGMENTS OR BLOCKS,
RANGE UP TO SEVERAL UNDERLYING OCEANIC CRUST,
MILES LONG, BY THE LEADING EDGE OF
THE OVERRIDING PLATE
2. IN PERVASIVELY SHEARED
TE
MATRIX
KN
UT
T
O
INSTI

LOGI

*
B
AN
* Convergent Tectonics
DUN
G
SA-Con-29
 ARC-TRENCH SYSTEM “CHILLIAN TYPE”

UPLIFT SUBSIDENCE;
COMPRESSIONAL EXTENSIONAL BASIN FORMATION
REGIME REGIME
SHALLOW
MAGMA RESERVOIR
OCEANIC CRUST IN THE CRUST
SUBDUCTION
COMPLEX

CONTAMINATION CONTINENTAL
AND FRACTIONATION
BATOLITH OF ALKALINE CRUST
MAGMA
MANTEL
RANGE IN COMPOSITION
FROM GABBRO
THROUGH DIORITE
± TONALITE AND
GRANODIORITE
100

PARTIAL
MELTING

MELTED
UT
TEK
N LITHOSPHERE
T
150
O
INSTI

LOGI

KM
*
B
AN
* Convergent Tectonics
DUN
G
SA-Con-30
 TEK
UT N
T
O
INSTI

LOGI

*
B
AN
* Convergent Tectonics
DUN
G
SA-Con-31
 ARC-TRENCH SYSTEM “CHILLIAN TYPE”

UPLIFT SUBSIDENCE;
COMPRESSIONAL EXTENSIONAL BASIN FORMATION
REGIME REGIME
SHALLOW
MAGMA RESERVOIR
OCEANIC CRUST IN THE CRUST
SUBDUCTION
COMPLEX

CONTAMINATION CONTINENTAL
AND FRACTIONATION
BATOLITH OF ALKALINE CRUST
MAGMA
MANTEL
RANGE IN COMPOSITION
FROM GABBRO
THROUGH DIORITE
± TONALITE AND
GRANODIORITE
100

PARTIAL
MELTING

MELTED
UT
TEK
N LITHOSPHERE
T
150
O
INSTI

LOGI

KM
*
B
AN
* Convergent Tectonics
DUN
G
SA-Con-32
 DICKONSON AND SEELY (1979)
ROCOGNIZED 3 TYPES OF “FOREARC BASIN”

1. ACCRETIONARY BASINS
2. EXTENSIONAL INTRA-MASSIF
BASIN
3. BASIN LOCATED BETWEEN
MAGMATIC ARC AND THE
“OUTER ACCRETIONARY ARC”

TEK
UT N
T
O
INSTI

LOGI

*
B
AN
* Convergent Tectonics
DUN
G
SA-Con-33
 TEK
UT N
T
O
INSTI

LOGI

*
B
AN
* Convergent Tectonics
DUN
G
SA-Con-34
 1. ACCRETIONARY BASINS

# SMALL BASINS ON THE INNER TRENCH SLOPE.

# IS A STRUCTURAL DEPRESSION
BETWEEN THRUST MASSES
# RESTING ON AND FOLDED INTO THE ME’LANGE
# WERE MILDLY DEFORMED BEFORE
THE THRUST INACTIVE
TEK
UT N
T
O
INSTI

EXAMPLES : NIAS ISLAND

LOGI

*
B
AN
* Convergent Tectonics
DUN
G
SA-Con-35
 1. ACCRETIONARY BASINS
2. EXTENSIONAL INTRA-MASSIF
BASIN
3. BASIN LOCATED BETWEEN
MAGMATIC ARC AND THE
“OUTER ACCRETIONARY ARC”

# OCCUR WITHIN THE MAGMATIC ARC,

WHERE BROAD FOREARC REGION DEVELOPED

# BOUNDED BY NORMAL FAULTS

TEK
# ORIENTATION DETERMINED BY PREEXISTING
T
UT N
BASEMENT GRAIN
O
INSTI

LOGI

*
B
AN
* Convergent Tectonics
DUN
G
SA-Con-36
 # THE LARGEST AND MOST IMPORTANT
# SEDIMENT PONDED TO THE EXTENT
OF UPLIFTED TOPOGRAPHIC FEATURE
1. ACCRETIONARY
( SUBAQUEOUS BASINS )
TO SUBAREAL
2. EXTENSIONAL INTRA-MASSIF
BASIN
3. BASIN LOCATED BETWEEN
MAGMATIC ARC AND THE
“OUTER ACCRETIONARY ARC”

SUBDIVIDED INTO 2 TYPES :

UT
TEK
N • RESIDUAL BASIN ; FLOORED BY CONTINENTAL
T
CRUST OR OBDUCTED OCENAIC
O
INSTI

LOGI

• CONSTRUCTED BASIN ; FLOORED BY SUBDUCTION

*
B * Convergent Tectonics COMPLEX
AN
DUN
G
SA-Con-37
 ( RETROARC OR FORELAND BASINS )

THE OVERRIDING PLATE MAY CONSIST OF :

A. CONTINENTAL OR THE VOLCANIC ARC MAY

B. OCENANIC CRUST BE FLANKED BY SMALL
EXTENSIONAL BASINS;
THE RETROARC BASIN IS
TYPICALLY OVERLIES BY
MAJOR FOLD-THRUST BELT

• MOST BASINS IN SUMATRA

USUALLY TERMED AND JAVA
MARGINAL SEAS;
EXTENSIONAL IN
CHARACTER

TEK
UT N
T
O
INSTI

LOGI

*
B
AN
* Convergent Tectonics
DUN
G
SA-Con-38
 SUMATRA
BACK ARC BASINS

TEK
UT N
T
O
INSTI

LOGI

*
B
AN
* Convergent Tectonics
DUN
G
SA-Con-39
 A. CONTINENTAL OR THE VOLCANIC ARC MAY
BE FLANKED BY SMALL
EXTENSIONAL BASINS;
THE RETROARC BASIN IS
TYPICALLY OVERLIES BY
MAJOR FOLD-THRUST BELT

BACKARC SPREADING
SOME AREAS SHOW
DEPENDING ON THE
INCIPIENT OR
TECTONIC CONDITION OF
ABORTED BACKARC
THE ARC :
SPREADING
UT
TEK
N • EXTENSIONAL OR
T
• COMPRESSIONAL
O
INSTI

LOGI

*
B
AN
* Convergent Tectonics
DUN
G
SA-Con-40