Sources of Water

SANITARY AND
UTILITIE
PLUMBING
SYSTEMS
S
Introduction
PLUMBING
P Is the art and technique of installing pipes,
fixtures & other apparatuses in buildings & for
bringing the supply, liquids, substances &/or
L ingredients & removing them;
from the Latin plumbum for lead as pipes
U were once made from lead.
refers to a system of pipes and fixtures
installed in a building for the distribution
M of potable water and the removal of
waterborne wastes.
B
Introduction - history
PRACTICE OF PLUMBING IN THE PHILIPPINES
P Birth of plumbing profession traced back to the 17th century as
Spaniards established Walled City known as Intramuros as a
model community.
L In 1902, the PLUMBING TRADE was duly recognized by the

government.
Master Plumber John F. Hass became the 1st Chief of Division of
Plumbing Construction and Construction. A plumbing code based
U on the Plumbing Code of the US was incorporated into the Building
Code for the City of Manila.
In 1935 the National Master Plumbers Association of the

M Philippines (NAMPAP) was organized and registered with the
SEC.
B
Introduction - history
PRACTICE OF PLUMBING IN THE PHILIPPINES
P City Ordinance 2411 known as “The Plumbing Code for the
City of Manila” was enacted with the consultation of NAMPAP
In 1954, the 3rd Congress of the Republic of the Philippines
L approved after the third reading House Bill No. 962. This
became Republic Act No. 1378.
On June 28, 1955, R.A. 1378 known as the “Plumbing Code of
the Philippines was signed by President Ramon Magsaysay.
U
In December 21, 1999 pursuant t Section 4 of R.A. 1378,
Joseph Ejercito Estrada approved the Revised Plumbing
M Code of 1999.
B
Plumbing System - Fundamentals
PLUMBING SYSTEM
P System includes all potable water supply and distribution
pipes, all plumbing fixtures and traps; all sanitary
and
L storm drainage systems; vent pipes, roof drains, leaders
and
includingdownspouts;
their respective
and all joints
buildingand
drains
connections;
and
sewers, receptacles, and appurtenances within
devices,
property; water lines in the premises; potable, tap, hot
the
U and chilled water piping; potable water treating or using
equipment; fuel gas piping; water heaters and vents for
same.
M
SUPPL DRAINAGE
FIXTURE
Y PIPE
B PIPE
PLUMBING SYSTEM
P COMPONENTS
WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
SANITARY DRAINAGE AND DISPOSAL SYSTEM

L
STORM DRAINAGE SYSTEM
U PLUMBING FIXTURE
M FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM
FUEL AND GAS PIPING SYSTEM

B
PLUMBING
P CYLE
S U P P L Y DISTRIBUTION U S E
Pressure,
Water Mains, Plumbing
L Storage Tanks
Piping
Networks
Fixtures
S O U R C E COLLECTION
U Lakes, Rivers,
Gravity,
Piping
Reservoirs Networks
TREATMENT DISPOSAL
M Treated water
returned to the
Sewage Plants,
Natural
Sanitary and
Storm Sewers
original source Purification
B
P WATER SUPPLY
AND
L
DISTRIBUTIO
U N SYSTEM
M
G
B
Water Supply and Distribution System
dEfiniTI
Carries water from the water source, street main or a
pump
P On
to the building and to various points in the building at
which water is used.
COLD WATER SUPPLY
L HOT WATER SUPPLY
WATER
U plays an important part in the plumbing system
Providing water is one of the most critical utility requirement
M “Universal Solvent”
B
WATER CYCLE
3 MAJOR STAGES
P
EVAPORATION
L CONDENSATION
U PRECIPITATION
B
SOURCES OF
P WATER
RAIN WATER
Collected from roofs of buildings and special water sheds and
stored in cisterns or ponds.
L ADVANTAGE
Water is soft & pure and is suitable for the hot water
supply system
U DISADVANTAGE
Only a source during the wet season
M Storage becomes a breeding place for mosquitoes
Roofs may not be clean
B
SOURCES OF
P WATER
GROUND WATER
The portion of the rainwater which has percolated into the earth to
form underground deposits called aquifers (water- bearing soil
formation).
L From springs and wells and is the principal source of water for
domestic use in most rural areas.
ADVANTAGE
Usually has an abundant supply;
U requires less treatment because of natural filtering.
DISADVANTAGE
M May have organic matter & chemical elements usually

treatment is suggested.
B
SOURCES OF
P WATER
NATURAL SURFACE WATER
A mixture of surface run-off and ground water. Surface sources
includes rivers, lakes, ponds and impounding reservoirs.
L ADVANTAGE
Usually easy to acquire and in large quantities.
Used for irrigation, industrial purposes and, when treated,
U for community water supply.
DISADVANTAGE
Contains a large amounts of bacteria, organic, & inorganic
M substances; Purification & treatment is necessary.
B
USES OF
P WATER
NOURISHMENT
CLEANSING AND HYGIENE

L
CEREMONIAL USES
TRANSPORTATIONAL USES
U
COOLING MEDIUM
M ORNAMENTAL ELEMENT
PROTECTIVE USES
B
PHYSICAL PROPETIES OF
P WATER
SURFACE TENSION
The ability to stick itself together and pull itself together
L HEAT ABSOPTION/CAPACITY
The ability to absorb heat without becoming warmer
U CAPILLARITY
The ability to climb up a surface against the pull of gravity
M DISSOLVING ABILITY
Known as the “Universal Solvent”
B
WATER QUALITY PROBLEM AND THEIR

CORRECTION
P
P1.
ROBAcidity
LEMS CAUSE
Contains  Corrosion
EFFECTS of CORRECTION
Passing the water
carbon dioxide non-ferrous through a bed of
L pipes
 Rusting &
crushed marble or
limestone to achieve
alkalinity, or adding
clogging of sodium silicate.)
steel pipes
U 2. Hardness Presence of
magnesium and
Clogging of
pipes
 Boiling
Introduction of
calcium salts Impaired water softeners
laundry and made up of
M 3. Turbidity Silt or mud in

cooking
 Discoloration
Zeolite
 Filtration
surface or in  Bad taste
ground
B
WATER QUALITY PROBLEM AND THEIR

P CORRECTION
PROBLEMS CAUSE EFFECTS CORRECTION

4. Color Presence of Discoloration of Chlorination or
L Iron and
manganese
fixtures
and laundry
ozonation and file
filtration
U 5. Pollution Contamination
by organic
 Disease  Chlorination
matter or
sewage
B
WaTEr Tr EATmEnT And

P is any method that will remove one or more materials that make
purificaTIOn
the water unsuitable for a given use
AERATION
Water is sprayed into the air to release any trapped gases and absorb
L additional oxygen for better taste.
B
COAGULATION - FLOCCULATION
P process by which small sediment particles which do not settle well combine
together to form larger particles which can be removed by sedimentation
COAGULATION chemical process in which the coagulant reacts with the
sediment to make it capable of combining into larger
L particles.
FLOCCULATION physical process in which the sediment particles
collide with each other and stick together.
B
SEDIMENTATION
P suspended solids are removed from the water by gravity settling and
deposition
water is passed through basins so sediments can settle through a
period of time
L
B
FILTRATION
P water is passed through layers of sand and gravel in concrete basins in order
to remove the finer suspended particles.
U
DISINFECTION/ CHLORINATION
M method of introducing a controlled amount of chlorine to the water in
order to attain a desired degree of disinfection.
B
WATER TREATMENT PROCESS

P
L
B
I
WELLS
P Wells are holes in the earth from which a fluid may be withdrawn
using manual or mechanical means such as draw bucket, pump,
etc.
GENERAL TYPES OF WELL
L SHALLOW WELL
DEEP WELL
U TYPES OF WELL
(ACCORDING TO METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION)
DUG WELLS
M can be constructed with hand tools or power tools

depth of about 15 meters (50 ft)
can have the greatest diameter that a space may
allow
B
DUG WELL
P
B
DRIVEN WELLS
P A steel drive-well point is fitted on one end of the pipe section and
driven into the earth. The point may be driven into the ground to a
depth of up to 15 meters (50 ft).
B
BORED WELLS
P These are dug with earth augers are usually less than 30 meters (100
ft) deep. The diameter ranges from 2 to 30 inches. The well is lined
with metal, vitrified tile or concrete.
B
DRILLED WELLS
P Requires more elaborate equipment depending on the geology of the
site.
Used for drilling oil and can reach up to 1000 meters in depth.
B
JETTED WELLS
P Use extreme water pressure so as not to affect existing foundation in
the vicinity. It makes use of a suction pump above, while casing acts
as the pump riser.
B
FLEA 2010
REVIEW
EN
D

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Sources of Water

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SANITARY AND

L In 1902, the PLUMBING TRADE was duly recognized by the

In 1935 the National Master Plumbers Association of the

SANITARY DRAINAGE AND DISPOSAL SYSTEM

M FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

FUEL AND GAS PIPING SYSTEM

Providing water is one of the most critical utility requirement

M Storage becomes a breeding place for mosquitoes

Roofs may not be clean

M May have organic matter & chemical elements usually

CLEANSING AND HYGIENE

WATER QUALITY PROBLEM AND THEIR

M 3. Turbidity Silt or mud in

WATER QUALITY PROBLEM AND THEIR

PROBLEMS CAUSE EFFECTS CORRECTION

WaTEr Tr EATmEnT And

WATER TREATMENT PROCESS

M can be constructed with hand tools or power tools

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