Submitted by:

Pravin Kumar
07EC75
INTRODUCTION TO BSNL
 On October 1, 2000 the Department of Telecom
Operations, Government of India became a
corporation and was christened Bharat Sanchar
Nigam Limited (BSNL).

 It has latest digital switching technology

like OCB,EWSD,AXE-10,FETEX,NEC
etc. for faster and better connectivity.
INTRODUCTION TO BSNL

BSNL financial figures with

average growth rate = 20%
SERVICES OFFERED BY BSNL

 Basic Telephone Services

 Internet
 ISDN
 Intelligent Network
 Leased Lines
 Cellular Mobile Service
 Wireless in Local Loop
 EXCHANGE

 Manual Exchange

 Automatic Exchange

 Electronic Exchange
 EXCHANGE LAYOUT

 
Typical exchange consist of :

 Switch Room
Operations and Maintenance (OMC) Room

Input Output processor (IOP) Room

Power Plant Room

Battery Room

Main Distribution Frame (MDF) Room

 
ABOUT THE EXCHANGE
1. All telephone subscribers are served by automatic
exchanges.
2. Today’s automatic exchanges uses a pair of
computers.
 One, running the program that provides services.
 Second, monitoring the operation of the first,
ready to take over in a few seconds in the event of
equipment failure.
Various exchanges present in BSNL are:
 C-DOT
 OCB
 EWSD
MAIN SECTIONS OF EXCHANGE:

There are three components of exchange:

 MDF

 Power plant

 Switching Room.
MAIN DISTRIBUTION FRAME (M.D.F) :
INTRODUCTION:

- MDF means Main Distribution Frame. Local cable

contact at MDF .
- All types of cables out to the door contact connection
at MDF .
POWER PLANT :

THE MAIN PARTS OF THE POWER ROOM ARE:

1. BATTERIES

2. UPS (UNINTERRUPTED POWER SUPPLY)

3. CHARGING - DISCHARGING UNIT

4. INVERTER AND CONVERTER UNIT:

SWITCHING ROOM :

 Switch room consists of BM and CM cabinets

mounted in standard switch.

 These cabinets are fastened to a switch Room and

interconnected by cables.
 MAIN DISTRIBUTION FRAME

 The primary function of MDF is to remove

. fault. It is also known as Fault Remove Section.
 The telephone numbers are also disconnected in
the MDF because of some specific reason.

ORGANISATION OF THE MDF

• Vertical side
• Horizontal side
 VERTICAL SIDE
 

RACK: -On the rack, the tags are situated. One rack is having eight
tags. The counting is done from up (0) to down (7).

TAGS: -Each rack consists of eight tags.

1 tag = 4 core
1 core = 4 bunch
1 bunch = 2 line

N.E.:-The word NE stands for the ‘NUMBER OF EQUIPMENT’.

It is used for testing number and

WEDGE: Wedge is used as a device for checking the ring. Wedge

is placed in jack strips, which is connected to telephone for
checking.
HORIZONTAL SIDE:
The horizontal side connected to the underground cable.
This cable is having 100 pairs. These pair is distributed
when we allot the telephone number to the subscriber.

Horizontal side is again subdivided in two parts:

 One part is connected with the vertical side.

 Another with the subscriber line by using 100 pair
underground cable.
CONSTRUCTION OF M.D.F:-

Main distribution frame is mainly divided in two

parts.

(1) Vertical Side or Line side.

(2) LEN side or Exchange side.

VERTICAL SIDE:

All the part from vertical side to the subscriber are generally called
outdoor section.:

1. One vertical has 10 tag blocks.

2. Each tag block has 10 rows and each row has 10 tags. So each
tag block has 100 tags.
3. Connection between vertical side & subscribers are provided by
jelly filled cables.
4.These wires are first terminated in cabinet box, then according to
requirements the group of the wires (e.g. 200 wires, 100 wires
etc.) is terminated in pillar box.
LEN SIDE:
• All the parts from LEN to the exchange is called
indoor section.

• The connection of subscriber from exchange is

terminated on this side of MDF.

• In 1 tag block there are 128 tags. Each tag block is

divided in 4 segments. That is 0, 1,2 & 3 and in
each segments.
. DIFFERENT TYPES OF FAULTS:-
LOOP FAULT:-IF TWO WIRES ARE JOINED TOGETHER BECAUSE OF IMPROPER
CONNECTION,STORMING AIR ETC.

EARTH FAULT:-IF TWO WIRES GET SCRAPE AT SOME PLACES AND IF THIS WIRE COMES IN
CONTACT WITH TREE, PILLAR OR ANY METAL OBJECTS THEN THIS TYPE OF FAULT OCCURS.

CABLE FAULT:-FOR OUTDOOR CONNECTIONS, JELLY FILLED WIRES ARE USED WHICH ARE
AFFECTED BY NATURAL CAUSES SUCH AS RAIN, EARTHQUAKE ETC. AT SUCH TIME THIS FAULT
OCCURS.

DISCONNECT FAULT:-THIS TYPE OF FAULT OCCURS DUE TO THE BREAKING OF WIRES BETWEEN
THE VERTICAL SIDE & LEN SIDE.
PROTECTIVE DEVICES USED IN M.D.F.

 Fuses

 Gas Discharge Tube(G.D Tube)

 Insertion Tool

 Wires
 OCB-283 EXCHANGE

 The first OCB-283 exchanges of R-11

version were commissioned in Brest (France)
and Beijing (China) in 1991.

 The first OCB-283 exchange came into India

in 1993.
ALCATEL 1000 E10 (OCB283)
MULTIPURPOSE EXCHANGE
 The application for which it is intended (local
switching centre, international switching centre,
etc.),
 The environment (urban area, rural area),
 The volume and type of the traffic to be handled,
 The resources of the telecommunications network
to which it is connected,
 The broadband service.
 The Alcatel 1000 E10 (OCB283) in the
telecommunications network
THE OCB CAN BE USED FOR
FOLLOWING APPLICATIONS
1. local switching centre,
2. regional or national transit centre,
3. international transit centre,
4. intelligent network service access point,
5. mobile service access point.
OCB IN TELECOMMUNICATION
NETWORKS
CONNECTIVITY OF OCB
 connect digital as well as analogue subscribers,
 optimise the use of access equipment according
to the dispersion of the subscribers, using a
subscriber line
 concentration architecture with two levels of
concentration,
 connect access networks through V5.1 or V5.2
interfaces.
 connect primary rate access ports directly to the
exchange,
 manage private subscriber lines (centrex
function).
CONNECTING SUBSCRIBERS TO OCB
REFERENCES:-
1.BSNL Switching Module
-
2.www.bsnl.co.in

3.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharat_Sanchar_Nigam_Li
mited
THANK YOU.