PCU General Info

(PCU training 10.10. 2003)

GPRS/BSC/S11

© NOKIA pcu_training_general_S11.ppt/ MiR page: 1

 Contents
• PCU in GPRS System • Transmission and Reception Data Flow
• PCU HW • LLC PDUs
• PCU Interfaces • RLC blocks
• PCU Telecom SW structure • Packet Switched Territory
• Actors
• SW blocks
• MIPC Message Spaces
• Main Functions of PCU
• TBF Establishment: Uplink
• Packet Data Transfer: Uplink
• TBF Establishment & Packet Data
Transfer: Downlink

© NOKIA pcu_training_general_S11.ppt/ MiR page: 2

 GPRS System Architecture
Abis
BTS BSC Packet
Um network
PSTN
R/S
Network

MSC
SMS-GMSC
Gb HLR/AuC
Gs Gr Gd
Gr Gd
Serving GPRS
SS7 Corporate 1
Support Node Gs
(SGSN) Gn Network Server
EIR
Border GPRS
Gateway (BG) Intra-PLMN INFRASTRUCTURE MAP-F
Inter-PLMN backbone
network Router
network Local
Gp (IP based) Gateway GPRS Firewall
area
Support Node Data
Firewall Point-To- network
(GGSN) network
Multipoint Gn (Internet)
Service Gi.IP
Corporate 2
Center Server
(PTM SC) Gi.X.25
Data
Firewall
network
(X.25)
Router
Local
area
network

© NOKIA pcu_training_general_S11.ppt/ MiR page: 3

 BSC: Base Station Controller
M92 mechanics BSC contains the following
computer units: PSA20 PSA20
PSFP PSFP
• OMU: Operating and Maintenance Unit
MMI, alarm system, Q3 interface, statistics, BSC

SW1C

SW1C

ET5C

ET5C
ET5C
CLAC
CLOC
recovery system (FRA; PUM) (1)
• MCMU: Marker and Cellular Management Unit
Radionetwork database , state handling and

BCSU
MCMU
MCMU

BCSU
recovery system, radio resource management,
(BSDATA;GUP;PUB;RRM) (1+1)
• BCSU: Base station controller Call Signalling Unit

BCSU
BCSU
WDDC
WDDC

OMU
Abis interface management, system information,
radio connection control, handovers (ABI;RCO;SYI,
HAS) (8+1)

BCSU
BCSU

BCSU
ET5C

ET5C
• Each BCSU can have two PCU plug-in-units
• SW1C: Switching Unit, Bit based switching

BCSU
BCSU

ET5C

ET5C
• ET: Equipment Terminal Unit, physical PCM
interface

© NOKIA pcu_training_general_S11.ppt/ MiR page: 4

 PCU Plug-in-unit
PCU is a plug-in-unit in every BCSU. PCU includes one PowerPC and DSPs
integrated to the same plug-in-unit.

Characteristics of MPC8260 CPUs in different PCU versions

PCU PowerPC clock MPC 8260 60x bus clock CPM clock
version frequency system frequency frequency
memory

(standard) 166 MHz 128 Mbytes 66 Mhz 133 MHz

PCU

PCU-S 200 MHz 128 Mbytes 66 MHz 133 MHz

PCU-T 300 MHz 256 Mbytes 66 MHz 166 MHz

PCU-B 300 MHz 256 Mbytes 83 MHz 208 MHz

(for BSC3i)

© NOKIA pcu_training_general_S11.ppt/ MiR page: 5

 External Interfaces of PCU
PCU unit Dualport RAM DMC bus <=>BCSU
(PCI bus)
PowerPC

Statistics
Telecom

Dualport RAM
(DSP) DSP driver MCCTDM FR <=> SGSN

Chorus Platform
BTS <=> Abis PCM DSP

Chorus OS

© NOKIA pcu_training_general_S11.ppt/ MiR page: 6

 External Interfaces of PCU
Interface to DMC message bus

PCM connection to GSWB of MCMU-0 unit (4 Mbit/s)

PCM connection to GSWB of MCMU-1 unit (4Mbit/s)

Service terminal connection (serial if. 9600 bit/s)

PCU
Ethernet connection
Ethernet connection

DMC message bus connects the computer units. In restarts PCU receives the software from here. The bus is
used to transfer messages between the plug-in-unit and the other computer units in BSC.
PCM connection is doubled because of redundancy.
Ethernet interfaces are not used in S9, S10 or S11 releases of BSC.

© NOKIA pcu_training_general_S11.ppt/ MiR page: 7

 PCU between Gb and Abis Interfaces

ET ETs
ETs
Gb Abis
ETs
ET ETs
SGSN Packets in BTSs
Packets in FR TRAU frames

GSWB
FR: bearer channel + 4M internal
optional load sharing pcm / 256 channels
redundant bearer

DSP
DSP
1
1

DSP
DSP
Power internal
PC bus
DSP
DSP

DSP
DSP
8
Mail Box 8
PCU

DMC bus

© NOKIA pcu_training_general_S11.ppt/ MiR page: 8

 Transmission Plane Protocols of GPRS
Relay
•User information transfer
•Information transfer IP IP
control GPRS L2
Bearer L1
GGSN

Um Gb Gn Gi

APP APP
TCP/UDP USER TCP/UDP
PAYLOAD
IP Relay IP
SNDCP Comperession, segmentation SNDCP GTP GTP L2
LLC Ciphering and reliable link LLC TCP/UDP TCP/UDP L1
RLC RLC BSSGP BSSGP IP IP
MAC MAC NS NS L2 L2
GSM RF GSM RF FR FR L1 L1

MS BSS SGSN GGSN

GPRS IP Backbone Internet

© NOKIA pcu_training_general_S11.ppt/ MiR page: 9

 PCU Architecture, HW & SW
PowerPC (PQII)
PCU unit GPRS Telecom SW in PowerQuicc II
RCGSTASX Telecom functionality GB interface protocols
ABATORSX GBHTORSX

PCU boot Statistics Packet Radio link BSSGP

(prom) channel mgmt control layer
(CHM) (RLC)
Medium
access NS layer
control
PBOPCU02 /Packet ABI
(MAC/PABI
DSP ) FRHTORSX
supervision
PCU Dynamic
PQ2DSPSX

NFR
FR layer

LIB
frame ABIS

pool

ABI
handler manager

S
(PFH) (DAM)
DSP-PQII
interface Gb interface
P2DSPMSX FR (<-->SGSN)
HDLC

Abis Dualport RAM

DSP driver
MCCTDMGX
(DSP)
CH4DSPGX
interfac Chorus Platform
e DSP code
(BTS<-->) TRAU DSP Chorus OS
loader
SPQCHOGX CBOOTAGX DX interface
SP6DSPGX DMC (<-->DX)
Dualport RAM

© NOKIA pcu_training_general_S11.ppt/ MiR page: 10

DX 200
GUPDAT
PUBDAT GUPDAT
ABIPRB PUBDAT
RRMPRP PXRECE, PXSEND FRCMAN
RC0PRB RC0PRB ABIPRB GBADMI FRADMI

PCU telecom
ABATOR GBHTOR
CHM RLC RELAY BSSGP
MS
PSWRRM
MS MS SIGNALING BVC
DL TBF UL TBF

CHANNEL
ALLOCATOR NS
PSCH
LOAD SHARING
MAC/PABI
MS
COMMON
SCHEDULER MS NSVC
CTRL

DAM PFH FRHTOR

MS
MS FR
TRX
MS
MS
PVC
ABIS
Pool
PCU
Pool netFrames

DSP driver, Mcc driver,

Abis interface, connection to BTS Gb interface, connection to SGSN

© NOKIA pcu_training_general_S11.ppt/ MiR page: 11

 Chorus Platform services
• Computing Platform for Chorus
• Provides DX200 functionality on top of ChorusOS
• Subfeatures:
• Supervision services
• Configuration management
DX200 API
• Log systems
• User interfaces
• Diagnostics Computing
Platform for
• Alarm system interface Chorus
POSIX Chorus
API API

ChorusOS

© NOKIA pcu_training_general_S11.ppt/ MiR page: 12

 Main Functions of PCU
PCU is responsible for GPRS radio resource and connection management procedures. Main
functions of PCU telecom are:
• GPRS radio resource management functions
• GPRS radio connection establishment and management functions
• Data transfer and LLC PDU management
• LLC layer PDU segmentation into RLC/MAC blocks for downlink transmission
• LLC layer PDU re-assembly from RLC/MAC blocks for uplink transmission
• PDCH uplink ARQ functions, including RLC/MAC block ack/nack
• PDCH downlink ARQ function, including buffering and retransmission of the required
RLC/MAC blocks
• Packet control channel scheduling (both PCCCH and PBCCH)
• PSI message sending
• Coding scheme selection (CS-1, CS-2 or MCS-1 – MCS-9)
• Dynamic Abis interface management functions
• Gb interface management functions
• PCU measurements (statistics)

© NOKIA pcu_training_general_S11.ppt/ MiR page: 13

 TBF establishment: Uplink
MS PCU SGSN

PACKET CHANNEL REQUEST (or CHANNEL REQUEST)

PACKET UPLINK ASSIGNMENT (or IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT)

PACKET RESOURCE REQUEST

(OPTIONAL)

PACKET UPLINK ASSIGNMENT

(OPTIONAL)

© NOKIA pcu_training_general_S11.ppt/ MiR page: 14

 Packet Data Transfer: Uplink
MS PCU SGSN
DATA BLOCK

DATA BLOCK

PACKET UPLINK ACK/NACK

DATA BLOCK

DATA BLOCK (last)

PACKET UPLINK ACK/NACK

LLC PDU

© NOKIA pcu_training_general_S11.ppt/ MiR page: 15

 Packet Data Transfer: Uplink
ABATOR
ABATOR RLC
ABATOR config
main GBHTOR
RLC thread
8. Supervision
CHM
BSSGP
rlc_data_ind_r() thread
PSW DMX ADMI
9.
DX thread 7.(*)
MAC/PABI

DX thread Timer
NS thread
PSW
BSSGP
thread
MAC thread
PSW
background Timer
thread FRHTOR
mac_block_ind_r() DL MIPC

DMX
PFH 6.(*)
Timer Supervision
4.(*)
sch_get_ul_item_r()
PFH thread 10.
5.(*) 1.(*)

UL MIPC Timer

2.(*) 3.(*)

The name and and the number of threads are not same
in S10.5 PCU implementation like in this picture.

© NOKIA pcu_training_general_S11.ppt/ MiR page: 16

© NOKIA pcu_training_general_S11.ppt/ MiR page: 17
 TBF Establishment &
Packet Data Transfer: Downlink
MS PCU SGSN
LLC PDU

PACKET DOWNLINK ASSIGNMENT (or IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT)

PACKET CONTROL ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

DATA BLOCK

DATA BLOCK

DATA BLOCK (polling)

PACKET DOWNLINK ACK/NACK

© NOKIA pcu_training_general_S11.ppt/ MiR page: 18

 Packet Data Transfer: Downlink
ABATOR
ABATOR RLC
config
ABATOR
main 10. GBHTOR
RLC thread
Supervision
CHM
BSSGP
rlc_ch_send_data_ind_r() thread
DMX ADMI
PSW
DX thread 3.
MAC/PABI
DX thread Timer
NS thread
PSW
BSSGP
thread
MAC thread
PSW
background Timer
thread FRHTOR
DL MIPC
6.(*) 7.(*)
DMX
PFH
Timer Supervision 2.
5.(*)
sch_get_dl_trx_items_r()
PFH thread
8.(*) 4.(*)
UL MIPC
Timer

9.(*)
1.

The name and and the number of threads are not same
in S10.5 PCU implementation like in this picture.

© NOKIA pcu_training_general_S11.ppt/ MiR page: 19

© NOKIA pcu_training_general_S11.ppt/ MiR page: 20
 Transmission and Reception Data Flow
LLC frame FH Information field FCS
(LLC PDU)
Max size 1560 bytes LLC layer

RLC
BH Info field BCS BH Info field BCS BH Info field BCS
blocks
Data block size per Primary Following
radioblock: RLC/MAC layer
block block
•GPRS: 22 - 52 bytes
•EGPRS: 22 - 148 bytes

Normal burst Normal burst Normal burst Normal burst Physical layer

FH = Frame Header
FCS = Frame Check Sequence
BH = Block Header
BCS= Block Check Sequence
(When SDCCH coding is used, BCS corresponds to the Fire code)

© NOKIA pcu_training_general_S11.ppt/ MiR page: 21

 Packet Switched Territory
Circuit
Switched
TRX 1 CCCH TS TS TS TS TS TS TS
Territory

TRX 2 TS TS TS TS TS TS TS TS Packet
Switched
Territory
Additional Default Dedicated
GPRS GPRS GPRS
Capacity Capacity Capacity

Territory border moves

Dynamically based on Circuit
Switched traffic load

• Circuit Switched traffic (= traditional speech calls) has priority

(traditional speech calls)
• In each BTS Circuit Switched & Packet Switched territories are
defined
• Territories consist of consecutive timeslots
© NOKIA pcu_training_general_S11.ppt/ MiR page: 22