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Why do we need to set up a power

plant?

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 To generate electricity..

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Power Plants:-

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 Why do we need electricity?

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How much electricity India needs?

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 Indian electricity scenario

Generation in 2019-20:- 1598 TWh i.e 1598x10^9 kWh

 1kWh= 1 unit of electricity
= 1000W consumed for 1 hour.
 1000W= All the lights, fans, accessories of 1 house
 Total installed capacity:- 383.37GW= 383000MW
 Installed capacity of NTPC:- 67905 MW
 Installed capacity of NTPC Sipat:- 2980MW

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Different ways to produce electricity

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 Where is electricity produced in
the power plant?

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 Generator
(Exceptions:- Solar, Battery)

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Ge n e r a t o r

06/30/2022 Length : 13.602 m 11

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06/30/2022 Radius : 1.330 m2012
 Generator

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How is rotor of generator rotated?

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 Turbine

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 Turbine

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 How is turbine rotated?

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 Steam Flows from Boiler to turbine

Bypass Turbine

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, 2022
 Turbine are multistage
The steam turbine is a
form of heat engine that
derives much of its
improvement in
thermodynamic efficiency
from the use of multiple
stages in the expansion
of the steam

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, 2022
Thursday, June 30
, 2022
 How is steam formed?

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 How coal burns?

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 Coal Mine
Path of coal
50000TPD

MGR

CHP

Bunker

Mill

Boiler
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 Path of water
Hasdeo
RBC

MUPH
35 km

Reservoir

RWPH

Chemical
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Chemical treatment of water
RWPH

Clarified Potable
Water Plant

DM Drinking
CWPH
Water water

Boiler
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Simplified Diagram
Coal to Electricity ….. Basics
Pollutants

Super Heated Turbine Alternating current

Coal Steam Torque in Stator

Heat Loss In Mech. Energy Elet. Energy

Heat Condenser
ASH Loss Loss
Loss

Chemical Thermal Kinetic Electrical

Energy Energy Energy Energy

NTPC SIPAT
BASIC CONSIDERATIONS

BOILER

Qi

Wi PUMP TURBINE Wo

CONDENSER

Qr

Net heat transfer = Net work output

Qi –Qr = Wo-Wi
Efficiency = 1-(Qr/Qi)
 COAL TO ELECTRICITY SIPA
TURBINE
SIPAT NTPC SIPAT
MGR
T
GENERATOR

TRACK
HOPPER

BUNKER

BOILER
PA CEP
FA
N PULVERI
S ER
DEARATOR

ID
ESP
FD
FA FA
N N COOLIN
G
BFP TOWER
ASH
TO ASH
DYKE PIT
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 Why Coal?
Shortcomings of Coal
Advantages of Coal Fuel
• Low Calorific Value
• Abundantly available in
India • Large quantity to be
Handled
• Low cost
• Produces pollutants,
• Technology for Power
ash
Generation well
developed • Disposal of ash is
Problematic
• Easy to handle, transport,
store and use • Reserves
depleting fast

• India’s Coal Reserves are estimated to be 255 billion tonnes. Present consumption is
about 450 million tonnes.
• Cost of coal for producing 1 unit of electricity (Cost of coal Rs 1000/MT)is Rs 2.75.
• Cost of Gas for producing 1 unit of electricity (Cost of Gas Rs 6/SMC)is Rs 4.20.
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Coal for combustion
 Anthracite  High CV, low VM
 Semi-anthracite  High CV, low VM
 Bituminous  Medium CV, medium VM
 Semi-Bituminous  Medium CV, medium VM
 Lignite  Low CV, high VM, high TM
 Peat  Very low CV, high VM & TM

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 Boiler/ steam generator
Raw materials for design of boilers
1. Coal from mines oGenerating heat energy
2. Ambient air oAir for combustion
3. Water from natural resources o
Working fluid for steam generation,
(river, ponds)
possessing heat energy

A 500MW steam generator consumes about 8000 tonnes of coal every

day
It will be considered good, if it requires about 200 cubic meter of DM
water in a day
It will produce about 9500 tonnes of Carbon di Oxide every day
Thursday, June 30 NTPC SIPAT
, 2022
Water Tube Boiler: Here the
heat source is outside the tubes
and the water to be heated is
inside. Most high-pressure and
large boilers are of this type. In
the water-tube boiler, gases
flow over water-filled tubes.
These water-filled tubes are in
turn connected to large
containers called drums.

Thursday, June 30 NTPC SIPAT

, 2022
 SH Inlet
754oC
RH Inlet
1008oC 673oC
1165oC

493oC

Combustion
1400oC

Natural Circulation, balanced draft,

Single drum, Single RH, dry bottom
Capacity - 700T/Hr
Pressure – 154kg/cm2
Temp. – 540oC
Total volume – 324 m3
 Combustion of coal
Carbon, hydrogen, sulfur are sources of heat on combustion
Surface moisture removed on heating during pulverization.
Inherent moisture and volatiles are released at higher
temperature, making coal porous and leading to char/ coke
formation. (Thermal preparation stage)

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, 2022
Flame Inside Furnace

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, 2022
 Fuel Oil
Three liquid fuels used in power plants
1. Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO)
2. LSHS (Low Sulfur Heavy stock)
3. High speed Diesel (HSD)
 Oil firing is preceded by
 Lowering viscosity and increasing flowability on heating for
better combustion in given turn down ratio.(125oC)
 Droplet formation on atomization (by steam/ compressed
air/ mechanical pressurization)
 Combustion initiation by High energy spark ignition

Thursday, June 30 PMI Revision 00

, 2022
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 Tangential Firing System

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Thursday, June 30 PMI Revision 00 42
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 LOCATION OF ESP

ECO

APH ESP CHIMNE

Y
 5 7

Cooling T
3 4
LP Turbine

Water
6

Cycle 1
Heat Rejected
to condenser
8

S
CONDENSER

CW Pump House

Cooling
Tower

CT Basin CW Fore bay

 Rankine Cycle

Ideal Rankine Cycle

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How Generated electricity reaches
consumer?

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 Generator Transformer

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Thursday, June 30 PMI Revision 00 48
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 Power Generation, Transmission and
Distribution

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, 2022
 NTPC Sipat-at a glance
 Capacity
Stage I : 3X660
MW (1980 MW)
Stage II : 2X500
MW (1000 MW)
 Coal SourceTOTAL Dipika: Expansion
2980 Project
: MW of SECL in Dist. Korba
 Coal Requirement ( CG)
Stage-I 10.00 MTPY
5.04 MTPY
: 15.04 MTPY
Stage-II
 Coal Transportation : By dedicated MGR (85
: KM)
 Water StageTotal
I : 80 MCM from Hasdeo
Stage II : RBC
40 MCM from Hasdeo
:
RBC
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 Uniqueness of NTPC Sipat

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 THANK YOU!
Questions please.

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