Flanged beam Examples

Prof. : S.A.VASANWALA
Civil Engineering Department
SVNIT surat
Example 1:
Problem Statement : Determine the limiting moment of
resistance of beam of T-shaped cross-section having a
flange width of 1250mm, a web width of 300mm, a flange
thickness of 125mm and an effective depth of 550mm. The
beam is reinforced with 8 bars of 25mm Ф on the tension
side. The concrete mix used is of grade M20 and HYSD
steel is of grade Fe415.
Solution:
For the given cross-section and materials,
bf = 1250mm
bw = 300mm
Df = 125mm and
d = 550mm
Area of tension steel Ast(8 x 25 mmФ) = 3927 mm2
fck = 20 Mpa and fy = 415 Mpa
Then
Xu,max = 0.479d = 0.479 x 550 = 263.45 mm
Consider that the neutral axis coincides with bottom of the flange,
i.e., xu = Df
Total compression Cu= 0.362 fck bf Df
= 0.362 x 20 x 1250 x 125
= 1.131 x 106 N
Total Tension Tu = 0.87 fy Ast
= 0.87 x 415 x 3927
= 1.418 x 106 N
Since Cu < Tu, The NA lies in the web. Assuming that the stress in the
flange is constant, the internal force equilibrium condition, C uw + Cuf =
Tu, gives:
0.362 fck xu bw + 0.447 fck Df (bf – bw) = 0.87 fy Ast
(0.362 x 20 x xu x 300) + (0.447 x 20 x 125 x (1250-300)) =
(0.87 x 415 x 3927)

Xu = 164.00 mm
0.429 xu = 0.429 x 164.00 = 70.36 mm < Df
Therefore, stress in the flange is non-uniform and Df is to
be replaced by its reduced value:
Yf = (0.15 xu + 0.65 Df)
Thus,
(0.362 x 20xu x 300) + (0.447 x 20 x (0.15xu + 0.65 x 125) x
(1250 – 300) ) = (0.87 x 415 x 3927)
xu = 211.20 mm < xu,max
Also, 0.429 xu = 0.429 x 211.20 = 90.51 mm < Df

Hence the section is under-reinforced. The reduced depth

of the flange is given by
Yf = 0.15 x 211.20 + 0.65 x 125 = 112.93 < Df
The limiting or ultimate moment of resistance is expressed
as:
Mu = Muw + Muf
= 0.362 fck xu bw (d – 0.416 xu) + 0.447 fck Yf (bf – bw)(d - )
= 0.362 x 20 x 300 x 211.20 x (550 – 0.416 x 211.20)
+ 0.447 x 20 x 112.93 x (1250 – 300 )(500 - (112.93/2))
= 685.35 x 106 Nmm
= 685.35 kNm

It should be noted that contribution from the web is not

really negligible.
Alternatively,
The problem can also be analyzed as follows:
Since the flange thickness 125 mm > 0.2d (= 0.2 x 550
= 110 mm),
The equivalent flange depth, Yf = (0.15xu + 0.65Df) must be
utilized.
For this purpose the value of xu should be evaluated or
estimated. It can conveniently be estimated by trial and
modification.
For Fe415 grade steel xu,max = 0.479d = 0.479 x 550
= 263.45 mm
First Trial :
Consider the trial depth of the neutral axis xu to be 240 mm
and beam to be under reinforced (xu < xu,max).

Yf = 0.15 x 240 + 0.65 x 125 = 117.25 mm < 125 mm

Use the internal force equilibrium condition to obtain fresh

estimate of the neutral axis depth,
0.362 fck xu bw + 0.447 fck Yf (bf – bw) = 0.87 fy Ast

(0.362 x 20 x xu x 300) + (0.447 x 20 x 117.25 x (1250-300))

=(0.87 x 415 x 3927)

xu = 194.31 mm
The new value is much lesser than assumed xu = 240 mm
Second Trial :
Let the trial depth of the neutral axis be (240 + 194)/2
= 217 mm (say 215 mm)

Yf = 0.15 x 215 + 0.65 x 125 = 113.5 mm < 125 mm

Useing the internal force equilibrium condition,

0.362 fck xu bw + 0.447 fck Yf (bf – bw) = 0.87 fy Ast

(0.362 x 20 x xu x 300) + (0.447 x 20 x 113.5 x (1250-300))

=(0.87 x 415 x 3927)

xu = 208.97 mm
The new value is closer to the assumed value of 215 mm
Third Trial :
Let the trial depth of the neutral axis be 212 mm

Yf = 0.15 x 212 + 0.65 x 125 = 113.05 mm

Useing the internal force equilibrium condition,

0.362 fck xu bw + 0.447 fck Yf (bf – bw) = 0.87 fy Ast

(0.362 x 20 x xu x 300) + (0.447 x 20 x 113.05 x (1250-300))

=(0.87 x 415 x 3927)

xu = 210.73 mm
The new value agrees closely with the assumed value of
212 mm.
Thus the depth of neutral axis may be taken as
(212+210.73)/2 = 211.36 mm
Yf = 0.15 x 211.36 + 0.65 x 125 = 112.95 mm

Check as per clause of IS:456;

Df/xu = 125 / 211.36 = 0.591 > 0.429
Hence satisfactory,
Mu,lim= 0.362 x 20 x 300 x 211.36 x (550 – (0.416 x 211.58))
+ 0.447 x 20 x (1250 – 300) x 112.95 x 500 – (112.99/2)
= 685.88 x 106 Nmm
= 685.88 kNm
It should be noted that contribution from the web is
significant.
Example 2:
Problem Statement : Design a T-beam section with a
flange width of 1250 mm, a flange depth of 100 mm, a web
width of 250 mm, and an effective depth of 500 mm, which
is subjected to a factored moment of 560 kNm. The
concrete mix used is of grade M20 and steel is of grade
Fe415.
Solution:
For the given cross-section and materials,
bf = 1250mm
bw = 250mm
Df = 100mm and
d = 500mm
fck = 20 Mpa and fy = 415 Mpa
Consider it to be balanced section. Then,
Xu,max = 0.479d = 0.479 x 500 = 239.5 mm
Limiting moment of resistance of the balanced section is
given by:
Mu,lim = 0.362 fck xu,max bw (d – 0.416 xu,max)
+ 0.447 fck Yf (bf – bw)(d - )
Where Yf = (0.15 xu,max + 0.65 Df) or Df whichever is less
= 0.15 x 239.5 + 0.65 x 100 = 100.925 mm > Df
Hence, Yf = 100 mm

Mu,lim = 0.362 x 20 x 250 x 239.5 x (550 – 0.416 x 239.5)

+ 0.447 x 20 x 100 x (1250 – 250) x (500 - (100/2))
= 575.86 x 106 Nmm
= 575.86 kNm
Since Mud < Mu,lim, it is an under-reinforced section.
The neutral axis may lie either in the flange or in the web.
To ascertain this consider that the neutral axis coincides
with the bottom of the flange, i.e., xu = Df

Then the moment of resistance of the section is given by:

Muf = 0.362 fck bf Df (d – 0.416 Df)
= 0.362 x 20 x 1250 x 100 x (500 – 0.416 x 100) x 10-6
= 414.85 kNm
Since Muf < Mud, the neutral axis lies in the web. The value
of xu can be determined from the moment equation.

Mud =
0.362 fck xu bw (d – 0.416 xu) + 0.447 fck Yf (bf – bw)(d - )
Where, Yf = (0.15 xu + 0.65 Df)
Consider Yf = Df = 100 mm then

560 x 106 = 0.362 x 20 x 250 x xu x (500 - 0.416 xu)

+ 0.447 x 20 x 100 x (1250-250) x (500-50)
Therefore, xu = 211.46 mm and
Yf = 0.15 x xu + 0.65 x 100 = 96.75 mm < Df
Since Yf < Df, the value of Yf cosidered above is incorrect.
Now consider Yf = 98.35.

560 x 106 = 0.362 x 20 x 250 x xu x (500 - 0.416 xu)

+ 0.447 x 20 x 98.35 x (1250-250) x (500-(0.5 x 98.35))
Therefore, xu = 221.67 mm and
Yf = 0.15 x xu + 0.65 x Df = 98.25 mm
Hence xu may be taken as 222 mm and Yf = 98.30 mm
The tension reinforcement Ast can be determined from the
internal force equilibrium condition:

0.362 fck xu bw + 0.447 fck Yf (bf – bw) = 0.87 fy Ast

0.362 x 20 x 222 x 250 + 0.447 x 20 x 98.3 x (1250-250)
= 1280622
Ast = 3546.94 mm2.
Thank You