ch07 (Lecture) - Life Span Development

EMT COMPLETE
A Comprehensive Worktext
SECOND EDITION
CHAPTER 7
Life Span
Development
EMT Complete: A Comprehensive Worktext, 2nd Ed.

Copyright © 2014, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.
Le Baudour | Batsie | Dickinson
Learning Readiness
• EMS Education Standards, text p. 157

• Objectives, text p. 157
• Key terms, text p. 157

Setting the Stage
• Overview of Lesson Topics

 Childhood Development
• Newborns and Infants
• Toddlers
• Preschoolers
• School-Age Children
• Adolescents

Setting the Stage
• Overview of Lesson Topics

 Adult Development Characteristics
• Early Adulthood
• Middle Adulthood
• Late Adulthood

EMERGENCY DISPATCH
• Chapter 7 Emergency Dispatch, text p. 158

EMERGENCY DISPATCH
• Discussion Questions
 How does a patient's age affect what
you should expect to find in your
assessment?
 How does a patient's age affect the
treatment you will provide?

Introduction
A human life often spans several generations.

Introduction
• Humans undergo biological, cognitive,

and psychosocial changes throughout
the life span
• Each phase of development has unique
characteristics

Childhood Development
• Pediatrics is the branch of medicine

concerning the development, care, and
study of diseases of children from
infancy through adolescents
• Normal vital signs vary with age
• Age group definitions can vary

Vital Signs
Normal Vital Signs

Newborns and Infants
Newborn baby (neonate): birth to 28 days.

• Newborn
 3 to 3.5 kg (6.6 to 7.7 lb) at birth
 Relies on breast milk or formula for
nutrition

Infant: birth to one year.

• Infant
 Communicates by crying
 Fontanels

• Infant
 Birth to 1 year
 Respiratory system
• Nose breather
• Relies on diaphragm for breathing
• Easily fatigued
• Small, less-rigid airways

• Developmental milestones: two months

 Tracks objects with eyes
 Recognizes familiar faces
 Smiles
 Recognizes some familiar sounds
 Moves in response to stimuli

• Developmental milestones: six months

 Sits upright
 Supports upper body with arms while on
stomach
 Imitates sounds
 Makes one-syllable sounds
 Grasps objects
 Recognizes familiar objects at a distance

• Developmental milestones: 12 months

 Walks with help
 Knows name
 Sits without assistance
 Crawls
 Manipulates objectives
 Feeds himself finger foods
 Says and understands meaning of simple
words
Stop, Review, Remember

Toddlers
Toddler: one to three years.

Toddlers
• General characteristics
 Developing sense of independence
 Cannot reason well or understand
complex ideas
 Does not like to be touched by strangers
or separated from parents
 May perceive injury or illness as
punishment
 Ready to begin toilet training

Toddlers
• By age three years

 Masters basics of language, has
expanding vocabulary
 Walks alone, begins to run
 Carries toys while walking
 Climbs furniture and stairs

Toddlers
• By age three years

 Scribbles
 Recognizes body parts
 Sorts objects by color or shape
 Forms simple sentences

Toddlers
• Approach
 When possible, allow caregiver to hold
child as you observe and obtain the
history

Preschoolers
Preschooler: three to six years. (Royalty Free/© Masterfile)

Preschoolers
 Concrete thinking skills, ability to solve
basic problems and follow instructions
 Motor skills are refined
 May believe injury or illness is
punishment
 May fear potential for pain and prospect
of injury

Preschoolers
 Needs simple explanations of what is
going on
 Separation from familiarity causes
anxiety
 Literal interpretations of statements

Preschoolers
• By age five years

 Balances on one foot for 10 seconds
 Hops, jumps, climbs, does somersaults
 Dresses self
 Uses forks and spoons appropriately
 Counts to 10
 Draws simple pictures
 Recalls and tells stories

Preschoolers
• Approach
 Ask them questions about their illness
or injury, talk to them
 Take time to build trust
 Begin examination with extremities and
trunk, moving toward head later
continued on next slide

Preschoolers
• Approach
 Allow them to touch equipment before
you use it, as appropriate
 Do not lie to the patient; it destroys
trust

School-Age Children
School-age child: six to 12 years.

School-Age Children
 Basic understanding of body functions
 Generally cooperative
 Fundamental problem solving, but lacks
insight to complex situations
 Compares self to others and seeks
approval

School-Age Children
 Develops self-esteem and morals
 Still literal in interpretations
 Afraid of death, dying, blood, and pain

School-Age Children
• Puberty
 Physical sexual maturation; occurs
under influence of hormones
 Girls begin puberty at 10 to 11 years
• Breast development
• Pubic hair
• Menstruation

School-Age Children
• Puberty
 Boys begin puberty at 12 to 13
• Testicular enlargement
• Facial and underarm hair
• Changes in voice

Adolescents
Adolescent: 12 to 18 years.

Adolescents
 Able to process and express complex
ideas
 Fears death, disfigurement and injury,
yet may have a sense of immortality or
indestructibility

Adolescents
 Takes risks but judges consequences
poorly
 Wants to be treated like adults, yet may
need the assurances and support a
younger child doe

Adolescents
 Not legally able to make own medical
decisions
 Desire for privacy
 Increases in self-consciousness, peer
pressure, interest in sexuality, desire for
independence
 May participate in self-destructive
behaviors

Adolescents
 Increased rates of depression and
suicide
 Two- to three-year rapid growth spurt
• Girls usually are done growing by 16
years
• Boys usually are done growing by 18
years

Adolescents
• Approach
 Try to interview in private; you may not
get the whole story in the presence of
parents or others
 Be nonjudgmental in questions and
responses
 Respect modesty

Early Adulthood
Early adult: 18 to 40 years.

Early Adulthood
• Completes education and begin careers

• Begins families
• Lifelong routines develop
• Generally in good health; leading cause
of death is trauma

Middle Adulthood
Middle adult: 40 to 60 years.

Middle Adulthood
• Develops well-established routines and

careers
• Child-rearing
• Body systems function well, but
beginning to decline
• Decreases in vision and hearing; height
may decrease

Middle Adulthood
• Characteristics
 Gray hair, wrinkles
 Increased risk of chronic disease and
cancer
 Women go through menopause in late
40s to early 50s
 Financial commitments may increase
 Increased psychological resilience

Late Adulthood
Late adult: 60 years to end of life.

Late Adulthood
• Pronounced bodily changes

• Awareness of mortality

Late Adulthood
• Life expectancy: average number

years a person of a given age will live
• Geriatrics: branch of medicine that
specializes in the care of older adults

Late Adulthood
• Physiological changes
 Cardiovascular system
 Respiratory system
 Nervous system
 Mobility

Late Adulthood
• Physiological changes
 Decreased pain sensitivity
 Overlapping medical conditions and
multiple medications
 Fear of hospitalization and loss of
independence

Late Adulthood
• Variations in the physical health and

cognitive ability of the elderly are great
• Do not make assumptions about the
presence of illnesses or cognitive
decline

Lesson Summary
• Infants
 Birth to 1 year
 Dependent on caregivers, increase in
mobility and language toward end of
year
• Toddlers
 1 to 3 years
 Beginning sense of independence but
frightened by strangers
Lesson Summary
• Preschoolers
 3 to 6 years
 May believe illness and injury are
punishments; fear the sight of blood
and potential for pain

Lesson Summary
• School-age
 6 to 12 years
 Cooperative, but share many fears of
preschoolers
• Adolescents
 12 to 18 years
 Self-conscious and desire privacy;
increased risk of injury

Lesson Summary
• Adulthood
 Early, middle, and late stages
 Most changes occur in late adulthood


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EMT COMPLETE

EMT Complete: A Comprehensive Worktext, 2nd Ed.

• EMS Education Standards, text p. 157

EMT Complete: A Comprehensive Worktext, 2nd Ed.

• Overview of Lesson Topics

EMT Complete: A Comprehensive Worktext, 2nd Ed.

• Overview of Lesson Topics

EMT Complete: A Comprehensive Worktext, 2nd Ed.

• Chapter 7 Emergency Dispatch, text p. 158

EMT Complete: A Comprehensive Worktext, 2nd Ed.

EMT Complete: A Comprehensive Worktext, 2nd Ed.

A human life often spans several generations.

EMT Complete: A Comprehensive Worktext, 2nd Ed.

• Humans undergo biological, cognitive,

EMT Complete: A Comprehensive Worktext, 2nd Ed.

• Pediatrics is the branch of medicine

EMT Complete: A Comprehensive Worktext, 2nd Ed.

Normal Vital Signs

EMT Complete: A Comprehensive Worktext, 2nd Ed.

Newborn baby (neonate): birth to 28 days.

EMT Complete: A Comprehensive Worktext, 2nd Ed.

EMT Complete: A Comprehensive Worktext, 2nd Ed.

Infant: birth to one year.

EMT Complete: A Comprehensive Worktext, 2nd Ed.

EMT Complete: A Comprehensive Worktext, 2nd Ed.

EMT Complete: A Comprehensive Worktext, 2nd Ed.

• Developmental milestones: two months

EMT Complete: A Comprehensive Worktext, 2nd Ed.

• Developmental milestones: six months

EMT Complete: A Comprehensive Worktext, 2nd Ed.

• Developmental milestones: 12 months

EMT Complete: A Comprehensive Worktext, 2nd Ed.

Toddler: one to three years.

EMT Complete: A Comprehensive Worktext, 2nd Ed.

EMT Complete: A Comprehensive Worktext, 2nd Ed.

• By age three years

EMT Complete: A Comprehensive Worktext, 2nd Ed.

• By age three years

EMT Complete: A Comprehensive Worktext, 2nd Ed.

EMT Complete: A Comprehensive Worktext, 2nd Ed.

Preschooler: three to six years. (Royalty Free/© Masterfile)

EMT Complete: A Comprehensive Worktext, 2nd Ed.

EMT Complete: A Comprehensive Worktext, 2nd Ed.

EMT Complete: A Comprehensive Worktext, 2nd Ed.

• By age five years

EMT Complete: A Comprehensive Worktext, 2nd Ed.

continued on next slide

EMT Complete: A Comprehensive Worktext, 2nd Ed.

School-age child: six to 12 years.

EMT Complete: A Comprehensive Worktext, 2nd Ed.

continued on next slide

EMT Complete: A Comprehensive Worktext, 2nd Ed.

continued on next slide

EMT Complete: A Comprehensive Worktext, 2nd Ed.

EMT Complete: A Comprehensive Worktext, 2nd Ed.

EMT Complete: A Comprehensive Worktext, 2nd Ed.

EMT Complete: A Comprehensive Worktext, 2nd Ed.

EMT Complete: A Comprehensive Worktext, 2nd Ed.

EMT Complete: A Comprehensive Worktext, 2nd Ed.

EMT Complete: A Comprehensive Worktext, 2nd Ed.

Early adult: 18 to 40 years.

EMT Complete: A Comprehensive Worktext, 2nd Ed.

• Completes education and begin careers