ATOMS, ELEMENTS AND

MOLECULES
 Structure of an Atom
► What is an atom- the smallest particle of an element that can exists, all
states of matter are composes of atoms
► https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jMW_0Ro6b5c
► An atom has a central nucleus with electrons orbiting around it
► The nucleus consists of protons and neutrons
► Electrons, neutrons and protons are referred to as sub-atomic particles

Note that the neutrons and

protons are located in the
central nucleus and the
electrons are located in fixed
“shells”
Structure of an Atom
Atoms are the smallest form of any matter!
 The periodic table
► What is the periodic table?- table which has a list of all the chemical elements
present on earth arranged in a specific order from the lowest to highest atomic
number
► The atomic number is the number of protons of the nucleus in an atom
The first 20 elements of the periodic table
Songs to help you remember!
► https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cAnOUwPfHlk
► https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1cqauZq4uYM

ENJOY!!
The arrangement of electrons on the first 20 elements
Position of atomic number and atomic mass

For a neutral atom:

▪ # of protons = # of
electrons
▪ Atomic # = #p=#e
▪ The mass #= p+n
 For a neutral atom:
Fill in the following: ▪ # of protons = # of
electrons
▪ Atomic # = #p=#e
Name of Symbol Atomic # Mass # # of # of # of ▪ The mass #= p+n
element (Z) (A) protons electrons neutrons
(A-Z)
Hydrogen H 1 1 1 1 1-1=0
Helium 4 2
Lithium 7 3
Be 9 4
Boron 11 5
C 12 6
N 14 7
Fill in the following:

► Using the diagram on slide 9 state how many electrons the following element
have:
► Phosphorous
► Argon
► Sulphur
► Calcium
► Aluminium

► Research and create a table showing the comparison of the properties of sub-
atomic particles
Atoms, elements and molecules
► https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R2uiBYVb1aw
► Each element has it own atom, for example, hydrogen has its own atom, oxygen has its
own atom
► When more than one element (eith the same kind or different kind) come together a
molecule is formed for example H- hydrogen and O-oxygen, these two elements come
together to form a water molecule or Oxygen -O