ENDOGENOUS

PROCESSES
Romnick N. Magdaraog
SHS Teacher II
  Endogenous Forces affect continents and the
ocean floor.
 Endogenous Forces make the crust move.
 Endogenous Forces are active under the crust.
Endogenous  Endogenous Forces raise up of form new
Processes features.
 Endogenous processes are in conflict with
exogenous processes.
  Endogenous forces DO NOT break up the
earth’s crust. They actually build up the crust.
 Endogenous forces are NOT active externally.
They are active internally.
Endogenous  Endogenous forces affect both the continents
Processes and the oceans.
 Endogenous forces beneath the crust DO cause
movement on the crust.
  EARTH’S INTERNAL HEAT
SOURCES
 The core, being the hottest part
Endogenous of the Earth, serves as the
Processes internal source of heat.
 Frictional Heating
 Decay of Radioactive Elements
Endogenous 1. Igneous Processes
Processes are
large-scale  Volcanism: Volcanic eruptions
landform  Volcanoes
building and  Plutonism: Igneous intrusions
transforming  Metamorphism : Dynamic,
processes – they Contact, Regional
create relief.
Endogenous 2. Tectonic Processes (Also called
Processes are Diastrophism)

large-scale a. Folding: anticlines, synclines,

landform mountains
b. Faulting: rift valleys, graben,
building and escarpments
transforming c. Lateral Faulting: strike-slip

processes – they Earthquakes  evidence of present-

create relief. day tectonic activity
 a. Volcanism: change in the crust caused by
movement of magma.
 Subduction Zone – occurs when two
plates are converging to one another

Igneous
Processes
 a. Volcanism: change in the crust caused by movement of
magma.
 Hotspot – fed by a region deep within the Earth’s mantle
from which heat rises through the process of convection.
This heat facilitates the melting of rock at the base of the
lithosphere, where the brittle upper portion of the mantle

Igneous
meets the crust.

Processes
 a. Volcanism: change in the crust caused by movement of
magma.
 Mid- Ocean Ridge – geologically active, with new
magma constantly emerging onto the ocean floor and
into the crust; formed by two oceanic plates moving
away from each other.

Igneous
Processes
 b. Plutonism:
 Pluton – a body of intrusive igneous rock (called
plutonic rock) that is crystallized from magma slowly
cooling below the Earth’s surface. This includes
batholiths, dikes, sills and other igneous bodies.

Igneous
Processes
 c. Metamorphism: mineralogical and structural adjustment
of solid rocks to physical and chemical conditions differing
from those under which rocks are originally formed.
 Dynamic – results mainly from mechanical
deformation with long term temperature change;
rocks are usually foliated

Igneous
Processes
 c. Metamorphism: mineralogical and structural adjustment of
solid rocks to physical and chemical conditions differing from
those under which rocks are originally formed.
 Contact – One way rock can undergo metamorphism is
by being heated by nearby magma. When magma moves
through the crust, the magma heats the surrounding rock
and changes it, causing contact metamorphism.

Igneous
Processes
 c. Metamorphism: mineralogical and structural adjustment
of solid rocks to physical and chemical conditions differing
from those under which rocks are originally formed.
 Regional – rocks and minerals texture are changed
because of heat and pressure over a wide area of
region

Igneous
Processes
 Diastrophism refers to movements of
the crust that cause rocks to fold or to
fault (crack).
 Folding: When plates move, they
sometimes collide. Or one plate slides Tectonic
under another. When one of these
happens, the rock layers above the
Processes
plates fold. That is, they bend of flex.
(To visualize this, think of pushing
two sheets of paper together.)
 Monocline – slight bent in otherwise
parallel layers of rocks

Tectonic
Processes
 Anticline – convex up fold in rock that
resembles an arch like structure with the rock
beds or limbs dipping away from the center of
the structure

Tectonic
Processes
 Recumbent – develops if the center of fold
moves from being once vertical to horizontal
form

Tectonic
Processes
Tectonic Processes
Faulting: takes place when
one plate slips or slips or
slides past another plate. Tectonic
When they do, they cause the Processes
rock layers above to fracture
(break). These breaks are
called faults.
 Normal faults – occur when tensional forces act
in opposite directions and cause one slab of the
rock to be displaced up and the other slab down

Tectonic
Processes
 Reverse Fault – develop when compressional forces
exist and causes one block to be pushed up and over the
other block

Tectonic
Processes
 Graben Fault – produced when tensional forces result in
subsidence of a block of rock (Rift Valley)

Tectonic
Processes
 Horst Fault - development of two reverse
faults causing a block of rock to be pushed
up

Tectonic
Processes
 Lateral Faulting – Strike-slip or Transform
fault – vertical in nature and are produced where
the stresses are exerted parallel to each other.

Tectonic
Processes
THANK
YOU!