4th Quarter Week 2

Cells
Objectives
1. describe the stages of the cell cycle;
2. describe the changes that occur during each stage of
mitosis;
3. describe the changes that occur in each stage of meiosis;
and
4. differentiate spermatogenesis to oogenesis using graphic
organizer and state the significance of meiosis in
maintaining the chromosome number in each process.
 Cell
- basic unit of life
- composed of different organelles
Cell Cycle
Cell cycle
 Cell Cycle
- A cell cycle is a series of events that takes
place in a cell as it grows and divides.
- Divided into two: Interphase and cell division
 Interphase
- the cell is very active performing
metabolic activities such as producing
all the materials necessary for cell
growth and preparing for cell division.
- divided into three (3) phases: Gap 1,
synthesis, Gap 2
 Interphase
- The first phase, the G1 (Growth or
Gap 1), is the period of activity
where the cell undergoes growth
and development.
 Interphase
- The second phase, S (Synthesis), is
the period where the DNA
(Deoxyribonucleic Acid), the main
composition of the chromosomes, is
replicated.
 Interphase
- The third and final phase of
Interphase is the G2 (Growth or
Gap 2). During this phase, the cell
synthesizes organelles and other
materials, which will play specific
roles in cell division.
 M-phase
where M stands for either Mitosis or
Meiosis, is the period where the cell
undergoes division. The M-Phase is
divided into different stages and
each stage is characterized by
various events.
 Mitosis
Mitosis is a process of cell
duplication,
one cell divides into two genetically
identical daughter cells.
Produces body cells
DNA
Nucleus
Centromeres

Chromosomes
Stages of
Mitosis
 Mitosis

P M A T
Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
 Prophase
Pro means “before”
Chromosomes are visible, nuclear
membrane breaks down, spindle
fiber begins to form
 Metaphase
M for middle
Sister chromatids line up at the
center of the cell.

 Anaphase
A for Away
Sister chromatids are pulled apart
and move to opposite poles of the
cell

 Telophase
T for Two
Spindle fibres breakdown, nuclear
membrane forms, and chromosomes
begin to uncoil and form chromatin

 Cytokinesis
C for cells
Cytoplasm splits in two and the cell
divides

Meiosis