State of Stress

General State of Stress

▪ General state of stress at a

point is characterized by six
independent normal and shear
stress components

▪ This state of stress, however, is

not often encountered in
engineering practice
 General State of Stress

▪ Should we simplify the

general state of stress?

▪ How can we simplify the

general state of stress?
 General State of Stress

▪ Engineers frequently make

approximations or simplifications
of the loadings

▪ Thus, stress produced in a

structural member can be
analyzed in a single plane

▪ When this is the case, the material

is said to be subjected to plane
stress
Plane Stress
 Plane Stress

▪ No load on the surface of a body

▫ Normal and shear stress components will be zero on the
face of an element that lies on this surface
▫ Consequently, the corresponding stress components on
the opposite face will also be zero

▪ Material at the point will be subjected to plane

stress
▪ Can you give any example???
REAL LIFE
SCENERIO
S
Stress State
Stress
Transformation
Plane Stress Conditions
 Plane Stress
Transformation

▪ General state of plane stress at a

point is represented by a
combination of
▫ two normal-stress components and
▫ one shear stress component 𝜏𝑥𝑦 , which
act on four faces of the element

▪ For convenience, we will view this

state of stress in the x–y plane
 Plane Stress
Transformation

▪ State of stress on an element

having a different orientation will be
subjected to three different stress
components

▪ State of plane stress at the point is

uniquely represented by
▫ two normal-stress components
▫ one shear stress component
▫ Orientation of the element
 Analysis Procedure

▪ To into
transform

▪ Section the element along 𝑦 ́

▪ Sectioned area ∆𝐴
▪ Adjacent areas ∆𝐴 sin 𝜃 and ∆𝐴
cos 𝜃
 Analysis Procedure

▪ Draw the free-body diagram of the

segment showing the forces that act
on the segment (multiply stress
with area)

▪ Apply the force equations of

equilibrium in the and directions
to determine and

▪ To find , consider the element

shown and follow the same
Example
Plane Stress Transformation
 Example

▪ The state of plane stress at a point on the surface of

the airplane fuselage is represented on the element
oriented as shown in figure
▪ Represent the state of stress at the point on an
element that is oriented 30° clockwise from the
position shown
 Example

▪ Rotated element
▪ Section the element by the
line a–a
▪ Assume plane area ∆𝐴
▪ Draw free body diagram and
write force equations in 𝑥 ́ and
𝑦 ́ directions
Example
 Example
𝜎 𝑦´

▪ To find , repeat the procedure by sectioning the

element in along b–b
𝜎 𝑦´

𝜎 𝑦´
Is the stress state before and after
transformation equivalent?
Thank You