CALCULATIONS

and
MENSURATIONS
 The Ohm’s Law Related to the
Types of Circuit
•What is an Ohm’s Law?
•Why is it important in our daily lives?
•Why is it connected to EIM?
 Terms to Remember
• Circuit is a complete circular path that electricity flows through. A simple circuit
consists of a current source, conductors and a load.
• Electrical load is simply any component of a circuit that consumes power or
energy.
• Resistance is a measure of the opposition to current flow in an electrical circuit.
Resistance is measured in ohms.
•  Current or Electric current refers to the flow of electricity in an electronic
circuit, and to the amount of electricity flowing through a circuit. It is measured
in amperes (A). The larger the value in amperes, the more electricity is flowing in
the circuit.
• Voltage describes the “pressure” that pushes electricity. The amount of voltage is
indicated by a unit known as the volt (V), and higher voltages cause more
electricity to flow to an electronic device. However, electronic devices are
designed to operate at specific voltages; excessive voltage can damage their
circuitry.
 TWO TYPES OF
ELECTRIC CIRCUIT
1. Series Circuit
1. Series Circuit
• In a series circuit, all components are connected
end-to-end to form a single path for current flow.
• The total resistance in a series circuit is equal to
the sum of the individual resistors, and the total
voltage drop is equal to the sum of the individual
voltage drops across those resistors.
 1. Series Circuit

The Ohm’ Law Formula

To simplify:
• V= Voltage • RTotal= R1 + R2 + R3…
• I= Current with the symbol of Ampere (A) • ITotal= I1 = I2 = I3…
• R= Resistance
• VTotal= V1 + V2 + V3…
Sample 1: For the given circuit, solve for its total
Resistance, total Current and voltage drop at each
resistor.
List down the given values based on the
diagram.
-Given:
a. Voltage= 9V
b. R total= 3k+10k+5k= 18kΩ (18,000Ω)

Based on the given data, the unknown value is the Current total (IT)
-to get the Current total (IT), we have to use the Ohm’s Law formula
I=V/R.
-therefore we have, 9V / 18,000Ω = 0.0005A
 To check our answer, we have to fill-in this table for us to know if we
get the total for Resistance, Voltage, and Current(I).
For the Current total (IT), based on the rules
For R total, just write down the on series circuit, IT = I1 = I2 = I3 and so on.
resistance based on the diagram.

18,000Ω 0.0005A 9V
3,000Ω 0.0005A 1.5V
10,000Ω 0.0005A 5V
5,000Ω 0.0005A 2.5V

And to obtain the voltage drop for every resistor,

just multiply the resistance to current
Sample 2:For the following circuit:
• Find V1
• Find V2
List down the given first:
V= 40V
RTotal
=2k+4k+1k+3k=10k(10,000Ω)

Based on the given data, the unknown value is the Current total (IT)
-to get the Current total (IT), we have to use the Ohm’s Law formula
I=V/R.
-therefore we have, 40V / 10,000Ω = 0.004A
 To check our answer, we have to fill-in this table for us to know if we
get the total for Resistance, Voltage, and Current(I).

For R total, just write down the For the Current total (IT), based on the rules
resistance based on the diagram. on series circuit, IT = I1 = I2 = I3 and so on.

10,000Ω 0.004A 40V

6,000Ω 0.004A 24V
4,000Ω 0.004A 16V

And to obtain the voltage drop for every resistor,

just multiply the resistance to current
Sample 3:The current flowing in a circuit containing four
resistors connected in series is I = 1.0 A. The potential
drops across the first, second and third resistors are,
respectively: V = 5 V, V = 8 V and V = 7 V. The
equivalent resistance of the circuit is R = 30Ω .
• Find the total voltage
supplied by the battery,
and also current,
voltage drop, and
resistance of each
resistor in the circuit.
 List down the given first:
IT = 1.0A
RTotal = 30Ω
V1 = 5V
V2 = 8V
V3 = 7V
Based on the given data, the unknown value is the Voltage total (VT)
-to get the Voltage total (VT), we have to use the Ohm’s Law formula V=I*R.
-therefore we have, 1.0A X 30Ω = 30V
 To check our answer, we have to fill-in this table for us to know if we
get the total for Resistance, Voltage, and Current(I).
For the Current total (IT), based on the rules
For R total, just write the on series circuit, IT = I1 = I2 = I3 and so on.
given 30Ω
30Ω 1.0A 30V
5Ω 1.0A 5V
8Ω 1.0A 8V
7Ω 1.0A 7V
10Ω 1.0A 10V
And to obtain the unknown value of To obtain the unknown voltage drop for
resistor four, just add all the given voltage
Resistors 1-4, just divide the given drop and think for a number that will cover
voltage drop to the given Current total. the sum of 30 volts.
2. Parallel Circuit
2. Parallel Circuit
•In a parallel circuit, all components
share the same electrical nodes.
• Therefore, the voltage is the same
across all parallel components, and the
total current is the sum of all the
individual branch currents.
 2. Parallel Circuit

The Ohm’ Law Formula

To simplify:
• V= Voltage • 1/RTotal= 1/ R1 + 1/ R2 + 1/ R3…
• I= Current with the symbol • ITotal= I1 + I2 + I3…
of Ampere (A)
• R= Resistance • VTotal= V1 = V2 = V3…
Voltage in a Parallel Circuit
• The first principle to understand about parallel
circuits is that the voltage is equal across each
parallel component.
• This is because there are only two sets of
electrically common points in a parallel circuit,
and the voltage measured between sets of
common points must always be the same at any
given time.
 Note to Remember:
• Unlike in the Series circuit that if we are going to get the
R total, we are just going to add the given resistors such
as RTotal= R1 + R2 + R3 and so on.
• In Parallel circuit, obtaining the RTotal is slightly
complicated as shown below. Study the illustration for
you to understand.
1 1
=
RTotal 1 + 1 + 1
R1 R2 R3
 Note to Remember:
• Let us explain and assume that the value of R1=3Ω, R2
=5Ω, R3 =7Ω.
• To obtain the R total, just simply compute it as shown below.

1 1 divide
=
RTotal 1 + 1 + 1 divide
3Ω 5Ω 7Ω
1 1 = 1.49Ω = 1.5Ω
= =
0.33Ω + 0.2Ω + 0.143Ω 0.673Ω
Sample 1: For the given circuit, solve for its total
Resistance, total Current and the current that flows
at each resistor.
Solution: List down the given:
V= 9V
Itotal =?
Rtotal=?
First, compute for the R total based on
the given values in the diagram, follow
the example from previous slides.
1 1
=
RTotal 1 1 1
+ +
10000Ω 2000Ω 1000Ω
1 1 = 625Ω
= 0.0001Ω 0.001Ω =
+ 0.0005Ω + 0.0016Ω
Solution: List down the given:
V= 9V
Itotal =? 0.0144A
Rtotal= 625Ω
Now that we obtained the R total, we are now going to
compute for the Current total (Itotal).
To compute for the (Itotal) use the formula I=V/R.
-therefore we have, 9V / 625Ω = 0.0144A
 To check our answer, we have to fill-in this table for us to know if we
get the total for Resistance, Voltage, and Current(I).
For the Voltage total (VT), based on the rules
For R total, just write down the obtained on parallel circuit, VT = V1 = V2 = V3 and so on.
total resistance and also the given in the
diagram.

625Ω 0.0144A 9V
10,000Ω 0.0009A 9V
2,000Ω 0.0045A 9V
1,000Ω 0.009A 9V

And to obtain the current that flows in every resistor, just

divide the value of voltage in every resistance in the circuit.
Sample 2:
Find:
a. R total
b. V total
c. Current for each resistors

20A Ω Ω Ω Ω
Solution
Given: 20A Ω Ω Ω Ω
I total=20A
R total=?(Can be obtain
by computing R1-R4)
V total=? Given:
Current for each • I total= 20A
resistors=? • R total= 1/0.111Ω = 9Ω
• V total= V=I(R)
therefore V total is 20A(9Ω)= 180V
 To check our answer, we have to fill-in this table for us to know if we
get the total for Resistance, Voltage, and Current(I).
For the Voltage total (VT), based on the rules
For R total, just write down the obtained on parallel circuit, VT = V1 = V2 = V3 and so on.
total resistance and also the given in the
diagram.
9Ω 20A 180V
90Ω 2A 180V
60Ω 3A 180V
30Ω 6A 180V
20Ω 9A 180V
And to obtain the current that flows in
every resistor, just divide the value of
voltage in every resistance in the circuit.
Sample 3:
Find:
a. R total
b. R1 R2, R3
c. I3
Solution:
Given:
V1total = 12V
Itotal = 5A
Rtotal =12V/5A= 2.4Ω
 To check our answer, we have to fill-in this table for us to know if we
get the total for Resistance, Voltage, and Current(I).
For the Voltage total (VT), based on the rules
For R total, just write down the on parallel circuit, VT = V1 = V2 = V3 and so on.
obtained total resistance.

2.4Ω 5A 12V
12Ω 1A 12V
6Ω 2A 12V
6Ω 2A 12V
And to obtain the unknown value
of Resistors 1-3, just divide the To obtain the unknown value I3, just simply
given voltage to the given Current. deduct the sum of I1 and I2 to Itotal.
Problem 1:
Find:
a. R total
b. Current total
c. Current for each resistors
Problem 2:
Find:
a. R total
b. V total
c. Current for each resistors

40Ω R3 30Ω R4 25Ω

Problem 3:
Find:
a. R total
15A
b. R1 R2, R3
c. I2

3A A=? 8A