4.

1 Vectors in
SMED17 – LINEAR ALGEBRA
VECTORS IN THE PLANE
TOPIC 1
VECTORS IN THE PLANE
‒ directed line segment
‒ the origin is the initial point
‒ is the terminal point

‒ Components of vector x
NOTE:
= ↔ and
Basic Vector Operations
TOPIC 1.1
 VECTOR ADDITION

To add two vectors in the plane, add

their corresponding components. That
is, the sum of and is the vector
Example:
Solution:
 SCALAR MULTIPLICATION

𝒄 𝒗=𝒄 ( 𝒗 𝟏 , 𝒗 𝟐) =( 𝒄 𝒗 𝟏 , 𝒄 𝒗 𝟐 )

NOTE:
‒ Multiplying a vector by a real number changes the “scale” of the vector.
‒ For a scalar , the vector will be times as long as
SCALAR MULTIPLICATION
Specifications

 If c is positive, then cv and v  If c is negative, then cv and v

have the same direction. have opposite directions.
THEOREM 4.1

Properties of Vector Addition

and Scalar Multiplication in
the Plane
TOPIC 1.2
VECTORS IN
TOPIC 2
 VECTORS IN

 A vector in -space is represented by an ordered -tuple.

1-space Set of all real numbers
2-space Set of all ordered pairs of real numbers
3-space Set of all ordered triples of real numbers
4-space Set of all ordered quadruples of real numbers
-space Set of all ordered -tuples of real numbers

 An -tuple can be viewed as a point in with the ’s as its coordinates.

 Vector in
 Standard Operations in
TOPIC 2.1
 Definitions of Vector Addition and Scalar
Multiplication in

Let and be vectors in and let c be a real number. Then the sum of u and v is
defined as the vector
 ADDITION

 SCALAR MULTIPLICATION
Scalar multiple of by

 SUBTRACTION