Moral Values

Benjamin G. Buitre, Jr.

Engineer V
Quality Assurance and
Hydrology Division
(QAHD)
Morals and values play important
part in a person’s life. They
dictate a person’s behavior,
personality and way of living.
Morals and values are often
thought to be one and the same
or can be used interchangeably,
but they are not. They are related
and they correlate in an
individual’s life but they are
actually different in many ways.
What are morals?
Morals are set of rules or norms of
behavior that differentiate the
right from wrong based on the
belief system of society, culture,
religion, race and others.
Morals are certain norms that are
set for an individual for him to
conform with while growing up
and living within a society and all
other general groupings within
that societal organization.
Hence, morals are prevailing
standards of behavior that enable
people to live cooperatively in
groups. They are principles that
guide an individual on how to
conduct himself within a society.
Morals are passed down from one
generation to the next. Classic
example of these are children
being taught by parents that
stealing is wrong, politeness is
right, helping others is good, and
being mean is bad.
When children grew up and
become parents themselves, they
teach the same norms to their
own children.
But morals may significantly vary
across society, religion, culture
and race. Human sacrifice may be
morally acceptable to one religion
but is not in another. Cannibalism
may be the norm of a certain
society or race but may be
repulsive to another.
Nudity in public and free sex may
be the norm in some societies but
these are considered morally
wrong in the Philippines.
 FOUR SOCIAL NORMS OF RIGHT CONDUCT
By Dr. Antonio C. Roldan, Jr.
LEGAL CULTURAL
● State laws promulgated for ● Ancient wisdom/precepts/
X values implicit in arts, customs
the common good and traditions
● Compromises of contending ● Shared ways of living, thinking,
political, economic and doing and feeling unique to
cultural groups for the sake people and source of national
of peace and order identity and pride

● What is ethically right

●
What is morally right
according to NATURAL
according to DIVINE MORAL
MORAL LAW as discovered
LAW as handed down by
X divine revelation taught and
by the study of science and
studied by various theologies
philosophy
and religion
DIVINE
 L x C (Relative Norms)
NORC = ----------------------------------------------- = 100%
N x D (Absolute Norms)
COMMENTS:

1. The ideal society is where there is COMPLETE COHERENCE between

HUMAN LAWS (Legal and Cultural Norms) and DIVINE LAWS (Natural and
Divine Norms)

2. Democratic societies believe in supremacy of NATURAL MORAL LAW over

STATE LAWS

3. When legislators copy verbatim foreign laws, then what is LEGALLY

RIGHT may be CULTURALLY WRONG and difficult to implement

4. REASON WITHOUT FAITH destroys mankind with the evils of

MATERIALISM and ATHEISM, FAITH WITHOUT REASON may do more
damage to mankind thru the evils of FANATICISM, RELIGIOUS
INTOLERANCE and EXTREME FUNDAMENTALISM
What are values?
Values are set of rules, principles,
qualities and standards that are
set by an individual or a small
group which are considered
worthwhile or desirable in terms
of usefulness or importance.
Values can be influenced by
morals, family, background,
upbringing and others.
Personal and group values provide
an internal reference for what is
good, beneficial, important,
useful, beautiful, desirable,
constructive to the person or
group.
Note that we tend to think that
value is good but they are actually
neutral until they are qualified by
asking the questions “How is it
good?” or “Good to whom?”
Values can also be relative
because “good” can be a matter
of opinion or taste or driven by
culture, religion, habit,
circumstance or environment.
Filipino values:
 Word of honor
(Palabra de honor)
 Smooth Interpersonal
Relationship (Pakikisama)
 Strong Family Ties
While morals guide a person or a
group on the right path according
to the law, society, and religion
that he or they follow/s; values on
the other hand guide a person or a
group in following the path that
they believe they should follow as
a person or as a group.
In many cases, people are so
pressured to follow morals that
belong to the society, that they
disregard their own values. There
should be a proper balance of
morals and values in a person’s
life.
 VALUES, PHILOSOPHY, CULTURE AND CODE OF
ETHICS
A VALUE IS
Any Person, Object or Relationship which an Individual or Group
Considers PRECIOUS/IMPORTANT/PRIORITY
(Worthy of Time, Talents and Treasures)

In WORDS In DEEDS
are are
CLAIMED VALUES REAL VALUES
expressed in expressed in
A PHILOSOPHY A CULTURE
(CREED) Enforced by (LIFESTYLE)
NORMS OF CONDUCT
(LAWS/CODE OF ETHICS)
Max Scheler’s Hierarchy of Values
Value of Holiness
(Beliefs, Adorations, Bliss)
Mental Value
(Perceptions, Beauty, Justice,
Sense of Right and Wrong)
Value of Sense of Life and Welfare
(Health, Vitality)
Value of Pleasure or Displeasure
(Material Things, Pleasure, and Sensual Feelings)
SHORT VIDEOS ON MORAL VALUES
2:55 3:02 5:00 5:46 6:54

A World Made
The Bridge Moral of a
Beautiful
German Sniper

Giving is the Best

Ripples
Communication
What then are
moral values?
Moral Value is the interface
between moral norms of the
society at large and the values of
an individual or a group that is
synthesized in the pursuit of the
person’s or a group’s aspirations
 V
M
A
O
MORAL L
R VALUES U
A
E
L
S
So that in the pursuit of such
aspirations, these moral values
ensure that we protect lives in the
process and remain respectful of
the dual life value of self and
others
Moral values are still relative
values and so they should
constantly be examined to make
sure that they are always
performing their welfare- and life-
protecting measure.
As a case in point moral values like
honor, courage and commitment
should be closely examined
because courage can become
foolish martyrdom, commitment
can become irrational fanaticism …
And honor can become self-
righteousness, conceit and
disrespect for others.
Generational Dynamics of Morals and
Values
Generational Patterns
According to Robert Greene in his
book Laws of Human Nature there
are four (4) Generational Patterns
Generational Dynamics of Morals and
Values
The First Generation is that of the
revolutionaries who make a radical
break with the past, establishing
new values but also creating some
chaos in the struggle to do so.
Generational Dynamics of Morals and
Values
The Second Generation craves
order.
Generational Dynamics of Morals and
Values
The Third Generation – having little
connection to the founders of the
revolution – feel less passionate
about it. They are no longer
interested in ideas but rather in
building things.
Generational Dynamics of Morals and
Values
The Fourth Generation feels that
society has lost its vitality, but
they are not sure what should
replace. They begin to question
the values they have inherited,
some becoming quite cynical.
Generational Dynamics of Morals and
Values
Then comes the revolutionary
generation again, which, unified
around some new beliefs, finally
tears down the old order, and the
cycle continues.
DPWH Core Values:

 Public Service
 Integrity
 Professionalism
 Excellence
 Teamwork
 VALUES, PHILOSOPHY, CULTURE AND CODE OF
ETHICS
A VALUE IS
Any Person, Object or Relationship which an Individual or Group
Considers PRECIOUS/IMPORTANT/PRIORITY
(Worthy of Time, Talents and Treasures)

In WORDS Public Service In DEEDS

are Integrity are
Professionalism REAL VALUES
CLAIMED VALUES
Excellence
expressed in expressed in
Teamwork
A PHILOSOPHY A CULTURE
(CREED) Enforced by (LIFESTYLE)
NORMS OF CONDUCT
(LAWS/CODE OF ETHICS)
In order that the values we profess (beliefs,
attitudes, and activities) can be called REAL VALUES,
they should satisfy the following:

 Freely chosen
 Chosen from among alternatives
 Chosen after due reflection
 Prized and cherished
 Publicly affirmed
 Incorporated into actual behavior
 Acted upon repeatedly in one’s life
 DPWH Quality Policy

We commit to provide quality, safe and environment-

friendly public infrastructure facilities that will
improve the life of every Filipino.

We commit to comply with all requirements and to

continually improve effectiveness and efficiency in
serving the public.
 DPWH Quality Policy

We endeavor to implement the RIGHT PROJECTS at

the RIGHT COST determined through transparent
and competitive bidding; with the RIGHT QUALITY,
according to international standards; delivered RIGHT
ON TIME through close monitoring of project
implementation; and carried out by the RIGHT
PEOPLE who are competent and committed to uphold
the values of Public Service, Integrity,
Professionalism, Excellence, and Teamwork.
Translating Moral Values into Outputs
DPWH Core Values: DPWH Mandate

 Public Service ▶ Absorptive

 Integrity Capacity (AC)
 Professionalism
 Excellence ▶ Disbursement
 Teamwork Rate (DR)
 DPWH Mandate

Absorptive Capacity
(AC)
Project Pre-Construction Activities, Bidding
and Award, Contracts and Obligation

 Government Procurement Reform Act (R.A.

9184 and its Implementing Rules and
Regulations)
 DPWH Mandate

Disbursement Rate
(DR)
Project Implementation

 Variation Orders
 Advance Payment
 Progress Payment
 Retention Money
 Contract Completion
 Negative Slippage
 Liquidated Damages
 Suspension of Work
 Extension of Contract Time
Rationale of the Project Documentation Seminar

At DPWH, we commit to comply with all the

requirements and continue to strive for improving
effectiveness and efficiency in serving the public. We
endeavor to implement the right projects at the right
cost, with the right quality, delivered right on time, and
carried out by the right people.
 In this course, we aim to put reinforcement on the
value of being right on time and having the right people.
We do so by addressing the causes of delay of work in
the implementation of construction projects which are: a)
lack of proper handling of important documents in the
construction process such as keeping contract documents
on-site, fully documented progress reports, etc., and b)
neglect of essential record keeping tools like logbooks,
job forms, project management forms, etc. Havin proper
documentation in construction allows for a smooth
transaction, and provides a strong basis for actions taken
between the contractor and DPWH Engineers.
 Equipping our Project Engineers, Project Inspectors,
and Materials Engineers with documentation skills and
instilling in them the importance of project
documentation will increase their effectiveness and
efficiency in their responsibilities. Thus, increasing their
commitment to comply with all the requirements
expected of them.
Objectives of the Training

At the end of the training, the participants are expected

to be able to:

1. Recognize the importance of the discipline of

documentation and its implication in the whole
construction process;
Objectives of the Training

2. Perform basic documentation skills and properly

accomplish forms, logbooks, progress reports, and

other requirements in the construction:
- knowing what is appropriate to put in a record
- knowing what information needs to be reported
- knowing what is required to document in the field
and will do so clearly and concisely and in a
format provided by DPWH; and
Objectives of the Training

3. Become committed to comply with the DPWH policies,

and important Department Orders and are made
aware of related penalties.
END