ALGAE …

(F.E.FRITSCH)
CHLOROPHY • THE MEMBER OF CHLOROPHYCEAE ARE
CEAE COMMONLY CALLED AS GREEN ALGAE.
• THE PIGMENTS CHLOROPHYLL-A AND
CHLOROPHYLL-B (CAROTENE AND
XANTHOPHYLL).
• THESE PIGMENTS ARE DOMINANCE SO
ONLY THESE TYPE OF ALAGE ARE IN
GREEN COLOUR.
• ALL THESE PIGMENTS ARE PRESENT IN
DEFINITE CHLOROPLAST.
• THEY HAVE A STORAGE BODY CALLED
PYRENOIDS.
• PYRENOIDS CONTAINS STARCH
OCCASIONALLY PROTEIN.
• SOME ALAGE MAY STORE FOOD
IN TYPE OF OIL DROP.
• GREEN ALGAE USUALLY HAVE A
RIGID CELL WALL MADE UP OF
AN INNER LAYER OF CELLULOSE
AND AN OUTER LAYER OF
PECTOSE.
 Click icon to add picture

PHAEOPHYCEAE
• THEY ARE ALSO CALLED AS BROWN ALGAE,FOUND
MOST AS MARINE HABITATS AND RARE IN FRESH
WATER.
• THEY ARE SIMPLE BRANCHED,FILAMENTOUS FORM TO
PROFUSED BRANCHED FORMS AS REPRESENTED BY
KELPS.
• THEY POSSESS THE PIGMENT CHOLOROPHYLL A AND C ,
(CAROTENOIDS AND XANTHOPHYLLS).
• THEY VARY IN COLOR FROM OLIVE GREEN TO VARIOUS
SHADES
• UPON THE AMOUNT OF THE XANTHOPHYLL PIGMENT
PRESENT.
 • FOOD IS STORED AS
COMPLEX
CARBOHYDRATES,WHICH
MAY BE IN FORM OF
LAMINARIN OR MANNITOL.
• CELLS HAVE CELLULOSIC
WALL COVERD ON THE
OUTSIDE BY A GELATINOUS
COATING OF ALGIN.
RHODOPHYC
EAE

• THESE MEMBERS ARE CALLED AS RED

ALGAE CAUSE OF DOMINANCE OF RED
PIGMENT(r-phycoerythrin)IN THEIR BODY.
• THESE ARE FOUND IN MARINE AND
FOUND IN WARMER AREAS.
• THEY CAN BE IN BOTH THE WELL LIGHT
PLACE AND UNDER OCEAN WHERE
LIGHT CANT PENETRATES.
• THE FOOD IS STORED AS
FLORIDEAN STARCH WHICH IS
VERY SIMILAR TO AMYLOPETIN
AND GLYCOGEN IN STUCTURE.
• MOST OF RED ALGAE ARE
MULTICELLULAR.THEY HAVE
COMPLEX BODY ORGANISATION
BRYOPHYTES
(Johanne Hedwig)
FATHER OF BRYOPHYTA….
• BRYOPHYTES INCLUDE MOSSEAND LIVERWORTS THAT ARE FOUND INMOIST
AND SHADED AREAS
• BRYOPHYTES ARE CALLED AS AMPHIBIANS OF PLANT KINGDOM.
• THEY USUALLY OCCUR IN DAMP,HUMID AND SHADED PLACES.
• THEY PLAY A IMPORTANT ROLE IN PLANT SUCCESSION ON BARE ROCKS AND
SOIL
• BRYOPHYTES ARE DIFFERENT FROM ALGAE ITS IS THALLUS LIKE AND
PROSTRATES OR ERECT,AND ATTACHED TO RHIZOIDS
• THEY LACK TRUE ROOTS,STEM OR LEAVES.THE MAIN BODY OF BRYOPHYTES
ARE HAPLOID.
• IT IS GAMETOPHYTE.THE SEX ORGAN IN BRYOPHYTES ARE MULTICELLULAR.
ANTHERIDOPHORE
• ANTHERIDIUM IS MALE SEX ORGAN AND ARCHEGONIUM IS
FEMALE SEX ORGAN.
• MALE SEX ORGAN PRODUCE ANTHEROZOIDS .FEMALE SEX
ORGAN PRODUCE SINGLE EGG.
• WE ALREADY SAW THAT FOR BRYOPHYTES WE NEED WATER FOR
REPRODUCTION SO THEY 2 COME IN CONTACT IN WATER.
• AFTER THE ZYGOTE IS PRODUCED THEY DON’T GO FOR
REDUCTION DIVISION.
• THEY PRODUCE MULTICELLULAR BODY SPOROPHYTE,THEY ARE
NOT FREE LIVING THEY STAY ATTACHED TO PHOTOSYNTHETIC
GAMETOPHYTE AND GET NOURISHMENT FROM THAT.
 ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF
BRYOPHYTES
• THEY PROVIDE FOOD FOR HERBACEOUS MAMMALS, BIRDS AND OTHER
ANIMALS.
• SPECIES OF Sphagnum A MOSS PROVIDE PEAT WHICH WAS LONG USED AS
FUEL
• THEY HELP IN PACKING OF LIVING MATERIAL CAUSE THEY CAN HOLD
WATER,THEY MAKE A LAYER UPON THE ROCKS SO THAT WATER CANT
COME IN BECAUSE OF THIS THAT AVOID SOIL EROSION.
• BRYOPHYTES ARE CLASSIFIED INTO 2 LIVERWORTS AND MOSSES