Fundamental

COUNTING
Principles
FF When there are m ways to do one thing, and n ways to do
another then there are m x n ways of doing both.

C It also known as “Multiplication Principle”

PP to quickly determine how many possible outcomes

exist
Example 1:
A new pair of shoes is released in 4
different colors and 5 different sizes. How
many different color and size combinations
are available to the public?
Sizes
36
37

38
39
40
Solution:
m= No. of different colors of shoes
n= No. of sizes
m x n= No. of combination
m= 4 and n= 5
4 x 5 = 20

Answer: 20 combination
 Example 2:
Suppose the slots represent courses in a meal
you're going to order. If there are 4 courses, you might
have 3 appetizer choices, 2 soup choices, along with 5
main course choices, 10 beverage choices. How many
unique 4-course meals you can make?
Solution:
m x n x o x p = No. of 4-meals
Given: you can make
m= 3 (appetizer)
n= 2 (soup) 3 x 2 x 5 x 10= 300
o= 5 (main course)
p= 10 (beverages)
Answer: 300 meals
 Tree Diagram
A device wherein you can show all
the possible outcomes of an event
Example 3:

A new pair of shoes is released in 4

different colors and 5 different sizes. How many
different color and size combinations are
available to the public?
 S36 B- S36
S37 B- S37
BLUE S38 B- S38
S39 B- S39
S40 B- S40

S36 R- S36
S37 R- S37
RED S38 R- S38
S39 R- S39
S40 R- S40
 S36 G- S36
S37 G- S37
GREEN S38 G- S38
S39 G- S39
S40 G- S40

S36 Y- S36
S37 Y- S37
YELLOW S38 Y- S38
S39 Y- S39
S40 Y- S40

There are 20 combinations that are

available at the market.
Example 4:

In a coffee shop, the beverages being

served have three flavors: mocha, chocolate, and
vanilla. They are served hot, iced, or as ice
blended. How many serving choices of the
beverages are there?
 Hot Hot Mocha

MOCHA Iced Iced Mocha

Ice blended Iced blended Mocha

Hot Hot Chocolate

CHOCO Iced Iced Chocolate

Ice blended Iced Chocolate

 Hot Hot Vanilla

VANILLA Iced Iced blended Vanilla

Ice blended Iced Vanilla

There are 9 serving choices of the beverages

are there.
Example 5:
You are purchasing a new car. Using the
following manufacturers, car sizes and colors,
how many different ways can you select one
manufacturer, one car size and one color?
Manufacturer Color Car Size
Form White Small
GM Red Medium
Chrysler Black
Green
 Ford GM Chrysler

Small Medium Small Medium Small Medium

w w w w w w

R R R R R R

B B B B B B

G G G G G G

There are 24 different ways can you select

with one manufacturer, one car size and one
color.
Note!
Rather than listing the entire sample space with
all possible combinations of dresses and shoes,
food and beverages, etc. we may simply multiply
the number of m and n to find out the possible
outcomes or combinations. But if you want to
check if your answer is correct you can also use
TREE DIAGRAM.
Definition of Terms
Sample Space
is a collection of all possible outcomes of
a random experiment.

Possible Outcome
is something that has a chance of
happening
Experiment
is a process by which an
observation or outcome is obtained.
REVIEW
What do we call the diagram we use in
listing the possible outcome of an
experiment?

TREE DIAGRAM
What do we call something that has
a chance of happening?

POSSIBLE
OUTCOME
How many ways can you dress if
you have 3 pants and 4 shirts?

12 Different Ways
If you have x choices for task #1 and y
choices for task #2. How many different
choices do you have?

X*Y choices
When two six-sided dice are rolled, how
many possible outcomes are there?

36 outcomes
The Exponent Ice Cream Parlor offers the
following choices below for their Snacks.
Suppose you choose a sandwich and a drink.
How many possible outcomes are there?

SANDWICH: Hamburger, Chicken and Egg

BEVERAGE: Juice and Coffee
There are 6 possible outcomes
Sir Paul is planning a date with his girlfriend. He
plans for them to watch a movie, go out to
dinner, and then attend a sporting event. He is
deciding between 5 movies, 8 restaurants, and 2
sporting events. How many different dates can
Sir Paul plan?

80 Different dates
 REFERENCES:
Learning Material in Math 10
E-Math 10 by Orlando Oronce
Math 10 by Tom N. Chu

Prepared by: Renan James A. Galang

SST –III Math