Lesson 2 Science 8

Department of Education
National Capital Region

Division of Taguig City and Pateros
Monlimar Development Academy, Inc.
317 Manuel L. Quezon St. Lower Bicutan, Taguig City
SCIENCE LINKS 8
Grade Level : Grade 8
Quarter : 1ST Quarter
School Year : 2022– 2023
Teacher : Mr. Joshua Bong A. Bual
OFFICE OF THE ACADEMICS : Curriculum I Instruction I Assessment SCHOOL YEAR: 2022 - 2023
Subject Abstract
Three powerful words that govern everything are force, motion, and energy. Our universe exists because
of the interplay of energy and forces of many types. Different movements result from these interactions.
Motion makes creation to continue thriving and developing.
This quarter comprises five units which provide comprehensive tackling of ideas and concepts. It covers
the three laws that govern motion that extends to the relationships of work, power, and energy. The topics
on Light and Sound and Heat and Electricity will follow. These topics are thoroughly discussed in simple,
practical, and easy-to-understand discussion.
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

Content and Performance Standard
The learner demonstrates understanding of Newton’s three laws of motion. Investigate the relationship between the
amount of force applied and the mass of the object to the amount of change in the object’s motion (PART 1)
The students should be able to develop a written plan and implement a “Newton’s Olympics”.

MELC Lesson Topics Duration Week Number
1. Newton’s Law of Motion and

Applications • State the three Newton’s Law of Motion.
Five (5) Days Week One
• Explain how mass is related to inertia
• Newton’s First Law of Motion
• Infer that when a body exerts a force on

another, an equal amount of force is exerted
back on it.
2.1. Newton’s Second Law of Motion • Relate the laws of motion to bodies in uniform
2.2. Newton’s Third Law of Motion motion. Five (5) Days Week Two
• Explain the interaction of the action and
reaction forces.

• Describe how work is related to power and
3. Work, Power, and Energy energy.
• Mechanical Work • Identify and explain the factors that affect Five (5) Days Week Three
• Energy potential and kinetic energy.
• Calculate work and power.
• Explain the hierarchy of colors in relation to
energy of visible light.
• Calculate the frequency of the source and
the observer. Investigate properties of Five (5) Days Week Four
4. Solution, Suspension, and Colloids saturated and unsaturated solutions.
• Investigates the effect of temperature to
speed of sound through fair testing.

• Determine the different temperature scale.

5. Heat and Temperature • Determine the different temperature scale.
• Temperature • Differentiate between heat and temperature at
Five (5) Days Week Three
• Measuring Thermal Energy the molecular level.
• Calculate for the heat absorbed/released during
heat transfer.
 Infer the relationship between current and

6. Electricity voltage.
Five (5) Days Week Four
• Electrical Quantities  Describe the relationship between the three
• Ohm’s Law electrical quantities in terms of Ohm’s law.

Daily Routine
Opening Prayer – Monlimar Prayer
Greetings
Checking of Attendance
Reminders
Review of Past Lessons

Opening Prayer
Dear Lord, we are gathered in your presence this day to glorify and honor your name.
Please forgive us for our trespasses and wrongdoings. Help us to be more understanding
and concerned with others because this is your will.
Thank you, Lord, for all the blessings that we received.
Please give us an open mind and heart so we can understand thoroughly all the things
that we have discussed in the class.
All these, we pray in your name. Amen

Checking of Attendance

Drill and Review of Previous Lesson
Review of Past Lessons
First Law of Motion

Formula of weight
Gravitational pull

Motivation:
Suppose you slide a book across the floor.

According to the first law of motion, the book
will continue to move endlessly. However, this
is not the case. Eventually, the book will slow
down and come to a stop. Since its motion
changes, a force must be acting on it to stop it
from sliding.
Essential Questions:
a. Why does the books cannot slide faster?
b. What does the opposing forces act on it?
Department of Education
National Capital Region
Division of Taguig City and Pateros
Monlimar Development Academy, Inc.
317 Manuel L. Quezon St. Lower Bicutan, Taguig City
Week 2: Lesson 2
Newton’s Second & Third
Law of Motion
Grade Level : Grade 8
Quarter : 1ST Quarter
School Year : 2022– 2023
Teacher : Mr. Joshua Bong A. Bual

Lesson Objectives
• State Newton’s Second Law of Motion and explain how
force and mass are related to acceleration.
• Investigate the relationship Between the amount of force

applied and the mass of the object to the amount of change
in the object’s motion.

Let’s Recall: Balance of Forces
• If two forces acting on an object are equal in magnitude but

opposite in direction, they are considered as balanced forces.
These forces must lie along the same line.
• If the forces acting on an object are balanced, the object either

stays at rest or continues to move at constant velocity.
• If the forces acting on an object are balanced, the object either

stays at rest or continues to move at constant velocity.

Problem No. 1
A boy and a girl pull a heavy crate at the same time with 10 units of
force each as shown in the diagram. What is the net force acting on
the object?
Answer:
Fnet = 20 units

Problem No. 2
What if the boy and the girl pull the heavy crate at the same time in opposite
directions with 10 units and 5 units of force respectively, what will be the net
force acting on the object? Will the object move? To what direction will it move?
Answer:
Fnet = 5 units

Problem No. 2
Suppose another girl pulls the heavy crate with 5 units of force in the same
direction as the girl, what will be the net force acting on the object? Will the object move?
Answer:
Fnet = 0 units

Introduction:
• Imagine the thrill of riding on a roller coaster like the one in
Figure 1.0.
• The coaster crawls to the top of the track and then flies
down the other side. It also zooms around twists and turns
at breakneck speeds. These changes in speed and direction
are what makes a roller coaster ride so exciting.
• Changes in speed or direction are called acceleration

Figure 1.0: Did you ever ride on a roller coaster like
this one? It’s called the "Blue Streak" for
a reason. As it speeds around the track, it
looks like a streak of blue.

How do Force and Mass
influence Acceleration?
The acceleration of an object depends directly upon the net force acting upon
the object, and inversely upon the mass of the object.
As the force acting upon an object is increased, the acceleration of the object
is increased. As the mass of an object is increased, the acceleration of the
object is decreased.

The Second Law of Motion
Law of Acceleration:
The Influence of Force and Mass
The second law of motion is the law of acceleration which states that “the
acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and
is inversely proportional to the object’s mass.
The direction of the acceleration is in the direction of the net force acting on the
object.”

Defining Acceleration:
• Acceleration is a measure of the change in velocity of a moving

object. It shows how quickly velocity changes.
• Acceleration may reflect a change in speed, a change in

direction, or both.
• Because acceleration includes both a size (speed) and direction, it

is a vector.

Three Types of Acceleration
Increasing speed Decreasing Speed Changing direction

Ex. Car Speeds Up at green light. Ex. Car slows down at stop Ex. Car takes a turn.
light.

How is velocity changing in each of
these pictures?

Calculating Acceleration
To calculate acceleration without a change in direction, you just divide the
change in velocity (represented by ∆v) by the change in time (represented by
∆t).
The formula for acceleration in this case is:
𝒗 − 𝒗𝟎 𝚫 𝒗
𝒂= =
𝒕 𝚫𝒕

Acceleration: Change in Velocity
Expanding the equation of the second law, taking into account that acceleration is the change in
velocity, the equation for the second law can be written as:
= Fnet = m = m)
Fnet =m)
a =)

Problem Example:
The cyclist in speeds up as he goes downhill on this
straight trail. His velocity changes from 1 meter per
second at the top of the hill to 6 meters per second at the
bottom. If it takes 5 seconds for him to reach the bottom,
what is his acceleration, on average, as he flies down the
hill?
Answer:
a = 1 m/

Self-Check:
Tranh slowed his skateboard as he approached the
street. He went from 8 m/s to 2 m/s in a period of 3
seconds. What was his acceleration?

Table 1 shows the different units of mass, acceleration and force involved in
the second law of motion.
System Mass Acceleration Force

MKS Kg N= kg. m/
CGS g Dyne = g.cm/
FPS slug Pounds (lbs.) = slug. ft/

Presidential Decree No. 187
The Standard Unit of Measurement In the Philippines
In the Philippines, Presidential Decree No. 187 dated May 10, 1973,
prescribes the use of the metric system of weights and measures as the standard
measurement for all products may it be commodities, materials, utilities, or services as
well as in all business and legal transactions. In this module, Meter-Kilogram-
Second (MKS) units are mostly used. However, for some problems, you may convert
the unit from one system to another.

In order to determine the amount of unbalanced force in an accelerating object, mass and
acceleration have to be multiplied. Standard units apply. The following table summarizes
the units being followed in the computation.
Net Force Mass Acceleration
kilogram meter/second² (kg m/s²)

Kilogram (kg) meter/second² (m/s²)
or Newton (N)
Newton, or simply written as uppercase N, is the standard unit of force. Newton unit
comes from the combined units of mass and acceleration, which are kg and m/s²

Law of Acceleration:
Newton’s second law of motion is expressed through the equation:
∑ ⃗
𝑭=𝒎 ⃗
𝒂
∑ (sigma) stands for the algebraic sum.
∑⃗ 𝐹 stands for the net force acting on the object, m for mass of the object and;
⃗
𝑎 for its acceleration.
The arrow above the letters F and a indicates that both have
magnitude and direction.

Let’s Try!
Problem Example:
A soccer player kicks a 0.45 kg soccer ball, and the

ball accelerates at a rate of 200 m/s2.
How much force did the soccer player use to kick the
ball?
𝐅𝐨𝐫𝐜𝐞(𝐅 )=𝟗𝟎 𝐍

Let’s Try!
Problem Example:
A spring scale is used to apply 4 N of force to a toy

car with a mass of 0.3 kg. What is the acceleration
of the toy car to the nearest tenth m/s2?
Acceleration

Calculating Acceleration that
involves unit conversions

Let’s Solve!
Problem No. 1
A 1000.0 kg truck is traveling at an acceleration of 4.5000 m/s2, East.

Find the net force needed to accelerate the truck.
= 4500.0 𝑘𝑔 ∙ m/s or 4500.0 𝑁, East.

Let’s Solve!
Sample Problem No. 2
A boy rolls a 200 g baseball horizontally on the floor with a net force of 2 N
to the right. What is the acceleration of the baseball?
𝒂 ⃗ =𝟏𝟎 𝒎 / 𝒔 𝟐

Let’s Solve!
Sample Problem No. 3
A box is pushed with an applied force of 20 N parallel to the floor. It

accelerated at 1.50 m/s2 to the right. A parallel applied force of 10 N on the
opposite side slowed down the motion of the box. Neglecting friction, what is the
mass of the box?

Friction
Friction refers to resistance to motion between two
materials in contact. It is present whenever two materials
in contact are moving or have a tendency to move. Aside
from the unevenness or roughness of the surfaces in
contact, researches have shown that friction arises because
of the molecular attraction or local adhesion between
materials, local deformation in the contact region, and fluid
viscosity.
It is also due to the electrical forces between surfaces

https://www.freepik.com/vectors/friction-force
where two objects are in contact.

Rolling Friction
3. Rolling friction occurs when one surface
rotates as it moves over another surface
without sliding nor slipping at the point or area
of contact.

Law of Interaction: Action and Reaction Pair of Forces
When force causes motion, it is often thought that force exists
as a thing. By looking into further details, force is not
considered merely as something but an effect of interaction.
Consider the contact between the feet and the ground, as shown
in Figure 1.12.
When the feet touch the ground, it exerts a force on the ground
because of the body’s weight. However, there must also be a
force that prevents the feet from going straight down. The feet
remain on the ground, so this means that there should be an
upward force equal to the downward force that maintains this
stability.
Figure 1: https://thechalkboardmag.com/for-edit-simplest-
health-tip-ever-grounding

Law of Interaction: Action and Reaction Pair of Forces
This means the ground also exerts a force toward the feet. In Newton’s third law
of motion, a pair of forces called the action force, and the reaction force is
present in interacting objects. When two objects interact, there is an action force
exerted by the first object to the second object and, at the same time, the second
object exerts a reaction force that is equal in magnitude but in the opposite
direction. Newton’s third law is commonly stated as, “For every action, there is
an equal and opposite reaction.

Look at the following examples of action-
reaction pair of forces:
1. Rocket pushing on the gas; gas pushing

on the rocket
2. Tires pushing on the ground; ground
pushing on the tires
3. Gloves pushing on the face; face
pushing on the gloves
4. Bird hitting the windshield of a car;
windshield hitting the bird

Thank You, Be Happy!
End of Lesson 02

Self-Paced Learning
Law of Interaction
Friction
Access your Google Classroom Portal to download

the lesson materials for Lesson Continuation.
Topic: Newton’s Third Law of Motion and Friction.

SCIENCE LINKS 08
Class Calendar/Schedule
September 29, 2022 – Thursday

First Quarterly Unit Assessment in Science 08
Time: 10:30 – 11:40 am

End of Lesson
Second and Third Law of Motion
Thank You! Be Happy!
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL English School Year: 2022 - 2023

Lesson 2 Science 8

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Department of Education

National Capital Region

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

1. Newton’s Law of Motion and

• Infer that when a body exerts a force on

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

• Determine the different temperature scale.

 Infer the relationship between current and

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

Thank you, Lord, for all the blessings that we received.

All these, we pray in your name. Amen

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

Review of Past Lessons

First Law of Motion

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

Suppose you slide a book across the floor.

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

• Investigate the relationship Between the amount of force

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

• If two forces acting on an object are equal in magnitude but

• If the forces acting on an object are balanced, the object either

• If the forces acting on an object are balanced, the object either

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

• Changes in speed or direction are called acceleration

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

• Acceleration is a measure of the change in velocity of a moving

• Acceleration may reflect a change in speed, a change in

• Because acceleration includes both a size (speed) and direction, it

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

Increasing speed Decreasing Speed Changing direction

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

The formula for acceleration in this case is:

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

System Mass Acceleration Force

CGS g Dyne = g.cm/

FPS slug Pounds (lbs.) = slug. ft/

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

Net Force Mass Acceleration

kilogram meter/second² (kg m/s²)

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

A soccer player kicks a 0.45 kg soccer ball, and the

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

A spring scale is used to apply 4 N of force to a toy

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

A 1000.0 kg truck is traveling at an acceleration of 4.5000 m/s2, East.

= 4500.0 𝑘𝑔 ∙ m/s or 4500.0 𝑁, East.

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023