Joint Application Development Tripoli College for Computer Technology 12

FIT312 System Analysis and Design

System Analysis
‫حتليل نظم‬
JAD Sessions
‫إ جامتعات جاد‬
‫محمد الساري‬
‫تطوير التطبيقات املشرتك‬
Systems Analysis and Design 1
Joint Application Development Introduction
JAD (Joint Application Development) is a methodology
that involves the client or end user in the design and
development of an application, through a succession of
collaborative workshops called JAD sessions. System
development personal at IBM developed JAD in the late
1970s and began teaching the approach through
workshops in 1980.

‫ك) إشراك‬4‫تتضمن طريقة جاد لتطوير التطبيقات (المشتر‬

‫ من‬,‫العميل او المستخدم فى تصميم وتطوير التطبيقات‬
‫خالل حلقات وجلسات العمل التعاونى تسمى إجتماعات‬
)‫ قسم النظام الشخصى فى شركة (اى بى ام‬4‫ طور‬.‫جاد‬
‫ حيث بداء بتدريس وتدريب هذه‬,‫جاد فى اواخر السبعينات‬
.1980 ‫المنهجية من خالل حلقات العمل فى عام‬
‫محمد الساري‬ Systems Analysis and Design 2
Joint Application Development Introduction
 Collecting requirements is an inherently difficult
problems.
 JAD technique is considered as the best method for
collecting requirements.
 A typical JAD project is from 3 to 6 months.
 For large-scale project, it is broken down into sections
with separate JAD’s for each.

.‫ جمع المتطلبات من المستخدم هو بطبيعته مشكلة صعبة‬

.‫) تعتبر افضل طريقة لجميع المتطلبات‬JAD( ‫ تقنية جاد‬
.‫ اشهر‬6 ‫ الى‬3 ‫ عادة مشروع جاد نموذجى يستغرق فترة من‬
‫ المشاريع واسعة النطاق تقسم الى اقسام منفصلة ويستعمل جاد لكل‬
.‫منها‬

‫محمد الساري‬ Systems Analysis and Design 3

Joint Application Development Introduction
 JAD centers around a structured workshop session.
 Participants get together in a room to discuss the
problem/project.
 Everyone hears what the rest of the group has to say.
 JAD can eliminate many of the problems with traditional
meetings.

.‫يتمركز جاد حول حلقات العمل المنظم‬ 

‫المشاركون يجتمعون معا فى غرفة مخصصة لمناقشة‬ 
.‫المشروع‬/‫مشكلة‬
.‫الجميع يسمع ما يفكر فيه ويقولونه بقية المجموعة‬ 
‫جاد يمكنها القضاء على الكثير من المشاكل في اللقاءات‬ 
.‫التقليدية‬
‫محمد الساري‬ Systems Analysis and Design 4
Joint Application Development Introduction
 Joint Application Development (JAD) can replace a
series of interviews with the user community
 JAD turns meetings into workshops.
• More structured, and productive
• An agenda provides the structure
• The facilitator directs the process
• Visual aids clarify concepts being discussed and the group
dynamics, with constant feedback, stimulates creativity

‫ تطوير التطبيقات المشترك (جاد) يمكن ان يحل محل سلسلة من‬

‫المقابالت مع المستخدمين‬
.‫ جاد تحول اللقأت الي حلقات عمل‬
)‫اكثر تنظيما ولها نتائج واضحة (منتجة‬ •
‫جدول أعمال واضح ومهيكل‬ •
‫الميسر يوجه عملية النقاش‬ •
‫وسائل إيضاح توضح المفاهيم التي يتم مناقشها ودينامية المتحاورين‬ •
‫من خالل التغذية المرتدة وتحفيز االبداع‬
‫محمد الساري‬ Systems Analysis and Design 5
Joint Application Development Introduction
Joint Application Development (JAD)
 Purpose: collect system requirements simultaneously
from key people
 Objective is to analyze the existing system, obtain user
input and expectations, and document user
requirements for the new system
 End Result
 Documentation detailing existing system.
 Features of proposed system.
)‫تطوير التطبيقات المشترك (جاد‬
‫ جمع متطلبات النظام فى وقت واحد من االشخاص‬:‫ الغرض‬
‫الرئيسيين‬
‫ الحصول على مدخالت المستخدم‬,‫ تحليل النظام القائم‬:‫ الهدف‬
‫وتوقعاته وتوثيق متطلبات النظام الجديد‬
‫ النتيجة النهائية‬
‫ وثائق تفاصيل النظام القائم‬
‫ ميزات النظام المقترح‬
‫محمد الساري‬ Systems Analysis and Design 6
‫المشتركون‬  JAD Participants
JAD participants typically include:
 Executive Sponsor ‫الراعى التنفيذى‬  
 Leader or Facilitator
‫الميسر‬ ‫ القائد أو‬
 Users and Managers
 analysts and IT staff ‫والمستخدمين‬ ‫المدراء‬   
JAD Participant

members ‫ محلل النظم ومطوري تقنية‬

 Scribe ‫المعلومات‬
 IS Staff
‫ مخطاط‬
 ‫ موظيفي نظم المعلومات‬
‫محمد الساري‬ Systems Analysis and Design 7
‫المشتركون‬  Executive Sponsor

Any successful JAD session requires a single person,

called the executive sponsor, to serve as its
champion.
 This person is normally an individual who is in top
management who has authority that spans the different
departments and users who are to be involved in the systems
project.
JAD ‫ يتطلب نجاح اى مشروع جاد شخص واحد يدعى الراعي‬
Part .‫التنفيذي‬
icip ‫• هذا الشخص عادة تكون له سلطة االدارة العليا التى تمتد‬
ant ‫عبر مختلف االدارات والمستخدمين فى مشروع النظام‬
.‫تحت الدراسة‬
‫محمد الساري‬ Systems Analysis and Design 8
‫المشتركون‬  Executive Sponsor
 The role of the sponsor is to give full support to the systems
project by encouraging designated users to willingly and
actively participate in the JAD session(s).
 It is the sponsor who usually makes final decisions regarding
go or no-go direction of the project.

JAD ‫• دور الراعي التنفيذي تقديم الدعم الكامل لمشروع النظم‬

Part ‫وذلك بتشجيع المستخدمين الموجودين بحلقة عمل جاد‬
icip .‫المشاركة بنشاط وطيب خاطر‬
‫• الراعى التنفيذي هو الذى يتخذ القرارات النهائية بشان‬
ant
.‫المشروع‬

‫محمد الساري‬ Systems Analysis and Design 9

‫المشتركون‬  JAD Leader (or Facilitator)

JAD sessions involve a single individual who

plays the role of the leader or facilitator.
 The JAD leader is usually responsible for leading all
sessions that are held for a systems project.

‫د واحد يلعب دور القائد او‬4‫ش عمل جاد فر‬4‫ تشمل ور‬
JAD Participant

.4‫الميسر‬
‫• القائد عادة مسؤول عن قيادة جميع حلقات ورش العمل‬
.‫التى تعقد بخصوص مشروع النظم‬

‫محمد الساري‬ Systems Analysis and Design 10

‫المشتركون‬  JAD Leader (or Facilitator)
 This individual is someone who:
 Has excellent communication skills
 Possess the ability to negotiate and resolve group conflicts
 Has a good knowledge of the business
 Has strong organizational skills
 Is impartial to decisions that will be addressed
 Does not report to any of the JAD session participants

:‫ هذا الشخص هو شخص‬

JAD Participant

‫تازة‬4‫ارات اتصال مم‬4‫بمه‬ •

‫لديه القدرة على التفاوض وحل نزاعات الفريق‬ •
‫معرفة جيدة باالعمال‬ •
‫ية قوية‬4‫ تنظيم‬4‫بمهارات‬ •
‫ا‬4‫نزيه على القرارات التى سيجرى تناوله‬ •
‫ال يترأسه اى من المشاركين فى الدورة‬ •
‫محمد الساري‬ Systems Analysis and Design 11
‫المشتركون‬  JAD Leader (or Facilitator)
• The role of the JAD leader is to plan the JAD session,
conduct the session, and to follow through on the results.
• It is the JAD leaders responsibility to establish the
“ground rules” that will be followed during the meeting
and ensure that the participants abide by these rules.

‫ قائد ورش عمل جاد هو تخطيط وتنفيذ ورش‬4‫• دور‬

JAD Participant

.‫العمل ومتابعة النتائج‬

"‫ش العمل اقامة "القواعد االساسية‬4‫• من مسؤولية قائد ور‬
‫التى ستتبع خالل االجتماع وعلى كل المشاركين التقيد‬
.‫بهذه القواعد‬

‫محمد الساري‬ Systems Analysis and Design 12

‫المشتركون‬  JAD Leader (or Facilitator)
• During the session, the leader is to serve as a facilitator,
leading the discussion of issues, encouraging the
attendees to actively participate, resolving issue conflicts
that may arise, and ensuring the goals and objectives of
the meeting are fulfilled.

,‫ يقوم القائد بدور الميسر أو الوسيط‬,‫• وخالل ورش العمل‬

JAD Participant

‫ للمشاركة‬4‫وذلك بقيادة مناقشة القضايا وتشجيع الحضور‬

‫ وضمان‬,‫ حل قضايا الخالفات التى قد تنشا‬,‫النشطة‬
.‫تحقيق اهداف االجتماع‬

‫محمد الساري‬ Systems Analysis and Design 13

‫المشتركون‬  Users and Managers
 These participants are normally chosen by the project
sponsor.
• The project sponsor must exercise their authority and encouragement
to ensure that these individuals will be committed to actively
participate.
 A typical JAD session may involve anywhere from a
relatively small number of user/management people to a
JAD Participant

dozen or more.
.‫اعي المشروع‬4‫هم ر‬4‫ هؤالء المشاركون عادة يختار‬
‫البد أن يمارس راعي المشروع سلطته لضمان ان هؤالء االفراد‬ •
.‫ملتزمون بالعمل والمشاركة بنشاط في الجلسات‬
‫ ورش عمل جاد النموذجية يمكن ان تنطوى على عدد‬
‫المستخدمين الى عشرات او‬/‫اء‬4‫صغير نسبيا من المدر‬
‫محمد الساري‬
.4‫اكثر‬
Systems Analysis and Design 14
‫المشتركون‬  Users and Managers
 The role of the users is to effectively communicate business
rules and requirements, review design prototypes, and make
acceptance decisions.
 The role of the managers is to approve project objectives,
establish project priorities, approve schedules and costs, and
approve identified training needs and implementation plans.
‫ دور المستخدمين توصيل وبفاعلية قواعد االعمال‬
JAD Participant

‫والمتطلبات استعراض التصاميم االولية إتخاذ قرارات‬

.‫قبول النظام‬
‫ انشاء‬،‫ المشروع‬4‫ دور المدراء الموافقة على اهداف‬
‫ الموافقة علي الجداول الزمنية‬،‫اولويات المشروع‬
‫ والموافقة على تحديد االحتياجات التدريبية‬،4‫والتكاليف‬
‫محمد الساري‬ .‫وخطط التنفيذ‬
Systems Analysis and Design 15
‫المشتركون‬  Analysts and IT staff members

 During the sessions, the analysts and IT staff

would collect information from users, define
system requirements, and construct the new
system
 At various stages, the analysts and IT staff ask
users to review the design, offer comments, and
submit changes.
JAD Participant

 Provide technical assistance and resources for JAD

team members on issues such as security, backup,
hardware, software, and network capability

‫محمد الساري‬ Systems Analysis and Design 16

‫المشتركون‬  Scribe(s)

 A JAD session also includes one or more scribes

who are responsible for keeping records
pertaining to everything discussed in the meeting.
 These records are published and disseminated to the
attendees immediately following the meeting in order to
maintain the momentum that has been established by the
JAD Participant

JAD session and its members.

،‫ واحد أو أكثر يدعى المخطاط‬4‫ تتضمن ورش عمل جاد شخص‬
‫مسؤوليته االحتفاظ بالسجالت المعلومات التي دارت فى‬
.‫االجتماع‬
‫ وتوزع على الحاضرين عقب‬،‫ات‬4‫لوم‬4‫تنشر هذه السجالت والمع‬ •
‫ين على‬4‫ن اجل الحفاظ التوثيق الكامل وإبقاء المشارك‬4‫الجلسة م‬
.‫ل‬4‫االستمرارية وااللتزام بما يحقق اهداف ورش العم‬
‫محمد الساري‬ Systems Analysis and Design 17
‫المشتركون‬  IS Staff
 A JAD session may also include a number of IS
personnel who are primarily in attendance to listen
and take notes regarding issues and requirements
voiced by the users and managers.
 Normally, IS personnel do not speak up unless invited to do so.
 Any questions or concerns that they have are usually directed to
the JAD leader immediately after or prior to the JAD session.
JAD Participant

‫ل جاد عدد من الموظفين بنظام المعلومات قيد‬4‫ل ايضا ورش عم‬4‫ تشم‬
‫ حضورهم لغرض المشاهدة واالستماع فقط وتدوين مالحضات‬.‫الدراسة‬
.‫والمتطلبات واالحتياجات التى اعرب عنها المدراء والمستخدمين‬
.‫ ال يتكلمون اال اذا دعوا الى القيام بذلك‬,‫• عادة‬
‫• اذا كانت لديهم اى اسئلة او مخاوف معينة توجه عادة الى قائد جاد قبل‬
.‫بدء الجلسة أو بعدها مباشرة‬
‫محمد الساري‬ Systems Analysis and Design 18
 Planning the JAD Session

 Most JAD sessions span a three- to five-day time

How
period and occasionally last up to two weeks.
to  The success of any JAD session is dependent
Plan upon proper planning and effectively carrying out
and that plan.
Con
duct
JAD
Sessi
ons

‫محمد الساري‬ Systems Analysis and Design 19

 Planning the JAD Session

 Before planning a JAD session, the analyst must

How work closely with the executive sponsor to determine
to the scope of the project that is to be addressed
Plan through JAD sessions.
and  It is also important that the high-level requirements
Con and expectations of each JAD session is determined.
duct
JAD
Sessi
ons

‫محمد الساري‬ Systems Analysis and Design 20

 Planning the JAD Session

 Also before planning the JAD session, the analyst

How must ensure that the executive sponsor is willing to
to commit people, time, and other resources to the JAD
Plan session(s).
and
Con
duct
JAD
Sessi
ons

‫محمد الساري‬ Systems Analysis and Design 21

 Planning the JAD Session

 Planning for a JAD session involves three steps:

How
1. Selecting a location for the JAD session.
to 2. Selecting JAD participants.
Plan 3. Preparing an agenda.
and
Con
duct
JAD
Sessi
ons

‫محمد الساري‬ Systems Analysis and Design 22

 Planning the JAD Session

 Selecting a Location for JAD Sessions:

How
 JAD sessions should be conducted at a location that
to
is away from company workplace.
Plan  The attendees can concentrate on the issues and activities
and related to the JAD session and avoid certain interruptions
Con and distractions that would occur at their regular
workplace.
duct
JAD
Sessi
ons

‫محمد الساري‬ Systems Analysis and Design 23

 Typical JAD meeting Room
‫المشتركون‬ 

JAD
Part
icip
ant

‫محمد الساري‬ Systems Analysis and Design 24

 Planning the JAD Session

 Selecting JAD Participants:

How  It is analyst, executive sponsor, and managers
to responsibility to select the JAD leader.
Plan  Ideally, an experienced JAD leader may be available in-
and house.
 If not, an individual may be selected to obtain the extensive
Con training needed to conduct JAD sessions.
duct  Many companies opt to hire a qualified person from
JAD outside the organization.
Hiring an individual outside the organization provides the
Sessi benefit of having a JAD leader who will not be biased.
ons

‫محمد الساري‬ Systems Analysis and Design 25

 Planning the JAD Session

 Selecting JAD Participants:

How  One or more scribes must also be selected.
to Since scribes must possess technical skills (word-processing,
Plan CASE, data and process modeling, etc.), they are usually
selected from among the ranks of the organization’s IS
and professionals.
Con  In addition to scribes, other IS professionals must
duct be selected to be involved in the JAD session.
JAD The make-up of IS professionals involved in the JAD session
usually involves all individuals assigned to the project team.
Sessi
ons

‫محمد الساري‬ Systems Analysis and Design 26

 Planning the JAD Session

 Selecting JAD Participants:

How  The analyst and managers must select individuals
to from the user community.
Plan Only those users who are able to clearly articulate facts and
and opinions will be invited.
These individuals should be key individuals who are quite
Con knowledgeable about their business area.
duct
JAD
Sessi
ons

‫محمد الساري‬ Systems Analysis and Design 27

 Planning the JAD Session

 Preparing a JAD Session Agenda:

How  An agenda for each JAD session should be prepared
to and distributed prior to each session.
Plan The agenda dictates issues to be discussed during the session
and and amount of time allotted to each item.

Con
duct
JAD
Sessi
ons

‫محمد الساري‬ Systems Analysis and Design 28

 Conducting the JAD Session
Typical JAD session agenda

How
to
Plan
and
Con
duct
JAD
Sessi
ons

Systems Analysis and Design 29

 Conducting the JAD Session

 The JAD session begins with opening remarks,

How introductions, and a brief overview of the agenda and
to objectives for the JAD session.
Plan  The JAD leader will direct the session by following the
and prepared script.
Con  To successfully conduct the session, the leader should
follow these guidelines:
duct  Do not unreasonably deviate from the agenda.
JAD  Stay on schedule (agenda topics are allotted specific time).
Sessi  Ensure that the scribe is able to take notes (this may require
the JAD leader having the users and managers restate their
ons points more slowly or clearly).

‫محمد الساري‬ Systems Analysis and Design 30

 Conducting the JAD Session

 Avoid the use of technical jargon.

How  Apply conflict resolution skills.
to  Allow for ample breaks.
Plan  Encourage group consensus.
 Encourage user and management participation without
and allowing individuals to dominate the session.
Con  Make sure that attendees abide by the established ground
rules for the session.
duct
JAD
Sessi
ons

‫محمد الساري‬ Systems Analysis and Design 31

 Conducting the JAD Session

 The end product of a JAD session is typically a

How formal written document.
to  This document is essential in confirming the
Plan specifications agreed upon during the session(s) to all
and participants.
Con
 The content and organization of the specification is
obviously dependent on the objectives of the JAD
duct session.
JAD  The analyst may choose to provide a different set of
Sessi specifications to different participants based upon their
role.
ons

‫محمد الساري‬ Systems Analysis and Design 32

‫محمد الساري‬ Systems Analysis and Design 33