GROUP 3

SCIENCE PRESENTATION

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 OBJECTIVES

01 02 03 04
Volcano Energy Active and Signs of an
from the Inactive impending
Volcano Volcanos volcanic
eruption

.
 TOPIC ONE
What is a Volcano?
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 Education
〽 VOLCANO
A volcano is an opening in a
planet or moon's crust
through which molten rock,
hot gases, and other
materials erupt. Volcanoes
often form a hill or
mountain as layers of rock
and ash build up from
repeated eruptions.
Volcanoes are classified as
active, dormant, or extinct.
CHARACTERISTICS
A volcano is a rupture in the
crust of a planetary-mass
object, such as Earth, that
allows hot lava, volcanic ash,
and gases to escape from a
magma chamber below the
surface. On Earth, volcanoes
are most often found where
tectonic plates are diverging
or converging, and most are
found underwater.
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DO YOU HAVE ANY IDEA ON WHAT

TYPE OF ENERGY IS DELIVERED
FROM THE VOLCANOES?
 TOPIC TWO
Energy from the volcano
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what is the energy from Information about the
volcanoes?
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energy from volcanoes since the beginning of time by the
rising – following eruptive activity –
of molten rock mass, magma, formed
below or inside the earth’s crust.
● The heat e of the Earth used to
● Volcanoes are the most produce geothermal energy stems
from impressive and spectacular
famous natural display of natural phenomena that are ● About 91% of Earth’s volcanoes
geothermal enery on the intrinsic to our planet. are underwater, while there are
planet. The best-known natural displays of about 1500 that are active on land.
geothermal energy are volcanoes, The land around volcanoes has great
fumaroles,boric-acid fumaroles geothermal potential, which can be
and geysers. used to produce renewable energy,
like at the Cerro Pabellòn plant in
● Volcanoes are the most famous natural Chile
display of geothermal energy on the
planet. Extremely complex geological
structures, they have been generated
within the earth’s crust
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Cerro
Pabellòn
plant in
Chile
 Is the energy that is stored in the depthENERGY
GEOTHERMAL of the Earth's surface as heat.
●
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(Geo means "earth" and therme means "heat"). A geothermal plant
uses geothermal energy to produce electricity. Basically, geothermal
energy a type of energy that is taken from the depth of the Earth's
surface.

-It is generated during the formation of the planet.

-It is based on the radioactive decay of materials.
-It is stored in rocks as well as in the hot fluid at the center of
earth.
-It helps to generate electricity
-A geothermal power plant is produced
based on geothermal energy.
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 Education
How does geothermal energy created it obtained?
We know the the earth core has a very high temperature of more than 4000 degree
Celsius. And it's temperature is reducing towards the surface. Due to the
difference in temperature between the center and the surface, there is a huge
temperature differential. Magma is a extremely hot liquid and semi liquid rock
located under Earth's surface.
To understand geothermal energy, it is required to the different layer of the earth.
Earth has few layers and these are,

- Inner core - Crust

- Outer core - Mantle
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 How to use geothermal energy?
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There are few different ways by which geothermal energy can be used

Geothermal powerplant - which use heat from deep inside the earth to generate steam to make
electricity. At a geothermal power plant wells are drilled 1 or 2 Miles deep into the earth to
pump steam or hot water to the surface. You're most likely to find one of these power plants in
an area that has a lot of hot springs, geysers or volcanic activity, because these places where the
earth is particularly hot just below the surface.

Geothermal heat pumps, which tap into heat close to the Earth's surface to heat
water or provide heat for buildings.Not all geothermal energy comes from power
plants. Geothermal heat pumps can do all sort of things-from heating and cooling
homes to warming swimming pools. These systems transfer heat by pumping water
or refrigerant (a special type of fluid) through pipes just below the Earth's surface,
where the temperature is constant 50 to 60 degree Fahrenheit. During winter, the
water or refrigerant absorbs warmth from earth, and the pump brings this heat to
the building above. In the summer, some heat pumps can run in reverse and help cool
buildings.
 ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGE
Education
Advantages of geothermal energy
- This energy is clean and safe for the environment.
- Can be used to heat homes.
- There is no need of any fossil fuels.
- Geothermal energy plants are not affected by different weather conditions.

Disadvantages of geothermal energy

Earthquakes - in many places earthquakes can happen.
Pollution - Pollution can happen if the drilling is not done in the right way at the geothermal stations.
Location - There are not many suitable palaces for the power plant, because the place has to have hot rocks
and they have to be close for east drilling.
Hazardous materials - Bad gases and minerals can come up from underground with the steam, like
mercury, ammonia, and hydrogen sulfide.
TOPIC THREE
Active and Inactive Volcanoes

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 ACTIVE
MAYON VOLCANO
At around 2462-meter-high, Mayon
Volcano is one of the most famous
volcanoes in the Philippines. Also called
Mount Mayon, this volcano is situated
in Albay, a province in the Bicol region,
which lies in the southeastern section of
the country.
One of the most interesting facts about
Demonstrate
the Mayon Volcano is it has erupted 50
times in the past decades, making it one
of the most active volcanoes in the
country. Today, Mayon is more
admired than feared. It has drawn
visitors because of its perfect cone
shape, which is unmatched anywhere
else in the world.
Education INACTIVE
MT. MAKILING
Mount Makiling (also known as Mount
Maquiling), is an inactive stratovolcano
located in the provinces of Laguna and
Batangas on the island of Luzon,
Philippines. The mountain rises to an
elevation of 1,090 m (3,580 ft) above
MAYON mean sea level and is the highest feature
Demonstrate of the Laguna Volcanic Field. The
volcano has no recorded historic
eruptionDemonstrate
but volcanism is still evident
Your text has been concise and beautiful, But the
information is inextricably inextricable and needs to be through geothermal features like mud
expressed in more words; spring and hot springs. South of the
mountain is the Makiling-Banahaw
Geothermal Plant. The Philippine
Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
(PHIVOLCS) classifies the volcano as
MT. MAKILING "Inactive".[2]
 TRIVIA TIME!! Education
Taal Volcano in Batangas, Philippines began to erupt on January 12, 2020, when a
phreatomagmatic eruption from its main crater spewed ashes over Calabarzon, Metro
Manila, and some parts of Central Luzon and Ilocos Region, resulting in the
suspension of school classes, work schedules, and flights in the area.[4][5] The
Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Demonstrate
Seismology (PHIVOLCS)
MAYON
subsequently issued
an Alert Level 4, indicating "that a hazardous explosive eruption is possible within
Demonstrate Demonstrate
hours to days."[6][7] Volcanic activity continued into 2021, when smaller eruptions
Your text has been concise and beautiful, But the
information is inextricably inextricable and needs to be

occurred in July 2021.[8] On 26 March 2022, a short-lived phreatomagmatic

expressed in more words;

eruption was recorded by PHIVOLCS raising the status from Alert level 2 to Alert
level 3 as well as surrounding towns.
MT. MAKILING
TRIVIA TIME!! Education
Since 9 March 2021, Taal Volcano was on Alert Level 2 due to increasing
unrest. After the phreatomagmatic plume on 1 July, Taal Volcano Network
continued to record volcanic earthquakes, Sulfur dioxide (SO2) gas emissions
and steam-rich plumes from the main crater. Sulfur dioxide emissions
MAYON
averaged at an all-time high and volcanic smog was observed over the
Demonstrate
CALABARZON,
Demonstrate the National Capital Region and other partsDemonstrate
of Luzon.
Your text has been concise and beautiful, But the

Exposure to volcanic smog can irritate eyes, throat, and respiratory tract.
information is inextricably inextricable and needs to be

People with pre-existing health conditions, the elderly, pregnant women, and
expressed in more words;

children are the most vulnerable to its effects.

MT. MAKILING
 SAMPLE PICTURES
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MAYON
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expressed in more words;

MT. MAKILING
 TOPIC FOUR
Signs of an impending Volcanic eruption

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 Education
WHAT ARE THE WARNINGS IF A VOLCANO IS ABOUT TO ERUPT?
Most volcanoes provide warnings before an eruption. Magmatic eruptions involve the rise of magma toward the
surface, which normally generates detectable earthquakes. It can also deform the ground surface and cause
anomalous heat flow or changes in the temperature and chemistry of the groundwater and spring waters. Steam-blast
eruptions, however, can occur with little or no warning as superheated water flashes to steam.

•Changes in the
Notable precursors to an eruption might include:
•An increase in composition or
the frequency relative
and intensity of abundances of
felt fumarolic gases
earthquakes •Noticeable
steaming or •Subtle
fumarolic activity •Small
and new or swelling changes in
enlarged areas of of the heat flow
hot ground ground
surface
There are many signs to knowEducation
of an impending volcanic eruption.
Can you predict volcanic eruption?

Volcanologist can predict eruptions if they have a thorough understand of a volcano's

eruptive history, if they can install the proper instrumentation on a volcano well in
advance of am eruption and if they can continuously monitor and adequately interpret data
coming from that equipment.

Here are the 10 signs of impending volcanic eruption:

 Education

1. Increase in the frequency of volcanic

quakes with rumbling sounds occurrence of
volcanic tremors

2. Increase steaming activity; change in color of

steam from white to gray due to entrained ash.
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3. Crater glow due to presence of

magma at or near the crater.

4. Ground swells (or inflation), ground tilt

and ground fissuring due to magma
intrusion.
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5. Localized landslides, rockfalls and

landslides from the summit area which not
attributable to heavy rains.

6. Noticeable increase in the extent of drying up of

vegetation around the volcanic's upper slopes.
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7. Increase in the temperature of hot springs,

well crater lake near the volcano.

8. Noticeable variation in the chemical

content of springs, crater lakes within the
vicinity of the volcano.
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9. Drying up springs/wells around the

volcano.

10. Development of new thermal areas and/or

reactivation of old ones; appearance of solfatara.
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What should we do if a volcano erupt?
If you are indoors
● Close all windows, doors, and fireplace or woodstove dampers.

● Turn off all fans and heating and air conditioning systems.

● Bring pets and livestock into closed shelters.

 Education
What should we do if a volcano erupt?
If you are outdoors

● Seek shelter indoors.

● If caught in a rockfall, roll into a ball to protect your head.

● If near a stream or river, be aware of rising water and possible mudflows in

low-lying areas. Move up-slope as quickly as possible.

● Seek care for burns right away. Immediate care can be life saving.

● If your eyes, nose, and throat become irritated from volcanic gases and
fumes, move away from the area immediately.
 Education
Protecting yourself during ashfall

● Stay inside, if possible, with windows and doors closed.

● Wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants.

● Use goggles to protect your eyes. Listen to authorities for advice on

leaving the area when ashfall lasts more than a few hours.

● Keep your car or truck engine switched off.Avoid driving in heavy

ashfall.
Thank you for listening
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