LESSON1:

Origin Of
Universe and
Other Theories
What comes to your
mind when you hear
the word
UNIVERSE?
 Big Bang Theory
 This theory was proposed  Belgian Cosmologist
by GEORGE Catholic Priest
LEMAITRE in 1927.

 This theory states that, the Universe

started from an infinitely hot, infinitely
tiny and infinitely dense point called
SINGULARITY.
 OTHER SCIENTIST BEHIND THE BIG
BANG

GEORGE
EDWIN ARNO PENZIAS and
GAMOW
HUBBLE He developed the Big
ROBERT WILSON
He discovered that
the universe is Bang Theory. They discovered the CMBR
continuously According to him the (COSMIC MICROWAVE
expanding (1929) Big Bang Theory BACKGROUND
produced HELIUM RADIATION)
and other heavier
elements.
The Big Bang is
characterized by 6
major events:
01
ELECTROWEAK ERA (10-38
10-10seconds)
Existence of Four Fundamental Forces:
 Gravitational Force- attracts 2 different bodies.
 Electromagnetic Force- binds atom to another atom
 Strong Force- binds the proton and neutron inside the
atom
 Weak Force- it separates proton from neutron inside
the atom.
02
PARTICLE ERA (10-10-0.001
SECONDS

existence of MATTER and ANTIMATTER

ANTIMATTER- a molecules formed by atoms

consisting of antiprotons, antineutrons, and positrons.
03
ERA OF
NUCLEOSYNTHESIS (3
MINS.)
Protons, Neutrons, Electron and Antimatter became rare
04
ERA OF NUCLEI
(500,000yrs)
The universe is only composed of Hydrogen and Helium
05
ERA OF ATOMS
 Existence of atom. And photon were released forming
the microwave background.
 This allowed the formation of other elements, then
stars, planets, etc
 ERA OF

06
GALAXIES (1
GYA)
 First Galaxy was formed
 Eventually life evolved from non-living precursors,
and eventually into the life we see on Earth.
MISCONCEPTION
ALERT!!!
Despite the fact that it is
called Big Bang it is not
an EXPLOSION but
rather an EXPANSION
 Other Theories of the Universe...
OSCILLATING
B THEORY

 This theory implies

STEADY STATE that the universe ETERNAL
A that we have is just C INFLATION
THEORY
one of many series THEORY
of universes
 Proposed by Herman Bondi created by the  Instead of the
and Tommy Gold cycle of Big Bang universe ending in
 According to this theory the and Big Crunch. a big crunch they
universe that we have has This theory also suggested that the
always been and will always be believed that our inflation of the
the same. universe may end universe never
someday. stops.