 glucemia  glucemia

PTH
calcitonina Vit D
Esteroides
Gland/Tissue Hormones
Hypothalamus Thyrotropin-releasing
hormone (TRH)
Major Functions Chemical Structure
Stimulates secretion Peptide
of thyroid-
stimulating hormone
(TSH) and prolactin

Corticotropin-releasing Causes release of Peptide

hormone (CRH) adrenocorticotropic
hormone (ACTH)

Growth hormone-releasing Causes release of Peptide

hormone (GHRH) growth hormone

Growth hormone inhibitory Inhibits release of Peptide

hormone (GHIH) growth hormone
(somatostatin)

Gonadotropin-releasing Causes release of

hormone (GnRH) luteinizing hormone
(LH) and follicle-
stimulating hormone
(FSH)

Dopamine or prolactin- Inhibits release of Amine

inhibiting factor (PIF) prolactin
Gland/Tissue Hormones Major Functions Chemical Structure
Anterior pituitary Growth hormone Stimulates protein Peptide
synthesis and overall
growth of most cells
and tissues
TSH Stimulates synthesis Peptide
and secretion of thyroid
hormones (thyroxine
and triiodothyronine)
ACTH Stimulates synthesis Peptide
and secretion of
adrenocortical
hormones (cortisol,
androgens, and
aldosterone)
Prolactin Promotes development Peptide
of the female breasts
and secretion of milk
FSH Causes growth of Peptide
follicles in the ovaries
and sperm maturation
in Sertoli cells of testes
LH Stimulates testosterone Peptide
synthesis in Leydig cells
of testes; stimulates
ovulation, formation of
corpus luteum, and
estrogen and
progesterone synthesis
Gland/Tissue Hormones Major Functions Chemical Structure
Posterior pituitary Antidiuretic hormone Increases water Peptide
(ADH) (also called reabsorption by the
vasopressin) kidneys and causes
vasoconstriction and
increased blood
pressure
Oxytocin Stimulates milk ejection Peptide
from breasts and uterine
contractions
Thyroid Thyroxine (T4) and Increases the rates of Amine
triiodothyronine (T3) chemical reactions in
most cells, thus
increasing body
metabolic rate
Calcitonin Promotes deposition of Peptide
calcium in the bones
and decreases
extracellular fluid
calcium ion
concentration
Adrenal cortex Cortisol Has multiple metabolic Steroid
functions for controlling
metabolism of proteins,
carbohydrates, and fats;
also has anti-
inflammatory effects
Aldosterone Increases renal sodium Steroid
reabsorption, potassium
secretion, and hydrogen
Gland/Tissue Hormones Major Functions Chemical Structure
Adrenal medulla Norepinephrine, Same effects as Amine
epinephrine sympathetic
stimulation
Pancreas Insulin (β cells) Promotes glucose Peptide
entry in many cells,
and in this way
controls carbohydrate
metabolism
Glucagon (α cells) Increases synthesis Peptide
and release of
glucose from the liver
into the body fluids
Parathyroid Parathyroid hormone Controls serum Peptide
(PTH) calcium ion
concentration by
increasing calcium
absorption by the gut
and kidneys and
releasing calcium
from bones
Testes Testosterone Promotes Steroid
development of male
reproductive system
and male secondary
sexual characteristics
Gland/Tissue Hormones Major Functions Chemical Structure
Ovaries Estrogens Promotes growth and Steroid
development of female
reproductive system,
female breasts, and
female secondary sexual
characteristics
Progesterone Stimulates secretion of Steroid
"uterine milk" by the
uterine endometrial
glands and promotes
development of
secretory apparatus of
breasts
Placenta Human chorionic Promotes growth of Peptide
gonadotropin (HCG) corpus luteum and
secretion of estrogens
and progesterone by
corpus luteum
Human Probably helps promote Peptide
somatomammotropin development of some
fetal tissues as well as
the mother's breasts
Estrogens See actions of estrogens Steroid
from ovaries
Progesterone See actions of Steroid
progesterone from
ovaries
Gland/Tissue Hormones Major Functions Chemical Structure
Kidney Renin Catalyzes conversion of Peptide
angiotensinogen to
angiotensin I (acts as an
enzyme)
1,25- Increases intestinal Steroid
Dihydroxycholecalciferol absorption of calcium
and bone mineralization
Erythropoietin Increases erythrocyte Peptide
production
Heart Atrial natriuretic peptide Increases sodium Peptide
(ANP) excretion by kidneys,
reduces blood pressure
Stomach Gastrin Stimulates HCl secretion Peptide
by parietal cells
Small intestine Secretin Stimulates pancreatic Peptide
acinar cells to release
bicarbonate and water
Cholecystokinin (CCK) Stimulates gallbladder Peptide
contraction and release
of pancreatic enzymes
Adipocytes Leptin Inhibits appetite, Peptide
stimulates
thermogenesis
Cell Hormone Chemistry Physiological Action
Somatotropes Growth hormone (GH; Single chain of 191 amino Stimulates body growth;
somatotropin) acids stimulates secretion of IGF-
1; stimulates lipolysis;
inhibits actions of insulin on
carbohydrate and lipid
metabolism
Corticotropes Adrenocorticotropic Single chain of 39 amino Stimulates production of
hormone (ACTH; acids glucocorticoids and
corticotropin) androgens by the adrenal
cortex; maintains size of
zona fasciculata and zona
reticularis of cortex
Thyrotropes Thyroid-stimulating Glycoprotein of two Stimulates production of
hormone (TSH; thyrotropin) subunits, α (89 amino acids) thyroid hormones by thyroid
and β (112 amino acids) follicular cells; maintains
size of follicular cells
Gonadotropes Follicle-stimulating hormone Glycoprotein of two Stimulates development of
(FSH) subunits, α (89 amino acids) ovarian follicles; regulates
and β (112 amino acids) spermatogenesis in the testis
Causes ovulation and
formation of the corpus
luteum in the ovary;
stimulates production of
estrogen and progesterone
by the ovary; stimulates
testosterone production by
the testis
Lactotropes Prolactin (PRL) Single chain of 198 amino Stimulates milk secretion
Mammotropes acids and production
 Relación hipotálamo-hipófisis
Primary Action
on Anterior
Hormone Structure Pituitary
Thyrotropin- Peptide of 3 Stimulates
releasing amino acids secretion of TSH
hormone (TRH) by thyrotropes
Gonadotropin- Single chain of Stimulates
releasing 10 amino acids secretion of FSH
hormone (GnRH) and LH by
gonadotropes
Corticotropin- Single chain of Stimulates
releasing 41 amino acids secretion of
hormone (CRH) ACTH by
corticotropes
Growth Single chain of Stimulates
hormone- 44 amino acids secretion of
releasing growth hormone
hormone (GHRH) by somatotropes
Growth hormone Single chain of Inhibits secretion
inhibitory 14 amino acids of growth
hormone hormone by
(somatostatin) somatotropes
Prolactin- Dopamine (a Inhibits
inhibiting catecholamine) synthesis and
hormone (PIH) secretion of
prolactin by