EARTH

 The earth system includes

physical, chemical, and
EARTHbiological components

 The earth system includesAll components of the earth
physical,
system are interconnected to
chemical, and biological components
maintain the balance of
 All components of the earth system are
nature
interconnected to maintain the balance of
 The balance of nature will be
nature
disturbed if one of the
 The balance of nature willcomponents
be disturbedinif the earth
one of the components in the earth
system is system is
threatened
threatened
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 FOUR MAIN SPHERES
(water zone)
• Rivers (air zone )
• Ponds • Air
• Oceans • Inert gas
• Underground
waters
• Water vapour
in
Hydrosphere atmosphere Atmosphere

( rocky and soil (life zone)

zone ) • Humans
• Rocks • Animals
• Soils • Plants
• minerals • microorga-
nisms

Geosphere Biosphere

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 The least dense layer with the lowest air

Exosphere
pressure
 Contains helium and hydrogen
 Human made satellites and space telescope orbit
the earth in this layer
 Also known as ionosphere because it contains

Thermosphere
ions that can reflect ray
 The hottest layer
 Aurora a stream of colourful light resulting
from reactions of charged particles with Earth’s
magnetic field and atmospheric gases occur here.

 The coldest layer

Mesosphere
 Protects the earth from meteoroids
 Meteoroids will burn and crush the layer
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 The air is calm and stable for aircraft navigation
 contains the ozone layer that protects the earth

stratosphere
from ultraviolet rays from the sun
 The thinning of the ozone layer exposes humans
to excess humans ultraviolet rays. This may cause
skin cancer, eye cataract, and weakening of
immune system

 The densest layer with the highest air

troposphere
pressure
 Contains oxygen to support respiration
 Changes of weather occur here , such as the
formation of clouds ,rain , snow and lightning.
 The layer where organisms live.
 Relationship between air pressure and altitude
 Air pressure becomes lower when the altitude increases . This is because
the air becomes thinner and there are less particles at higher altitudes.

Why are there less particles in higher altitudes?

High-altitude locations are usually Why do we have difficulty breathing on

much colder than areas closer to sea
level. This is due to the low air pressure.
Air expands as it rises, and the
fewer gas molecules—including
nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide—
have fewer chances to bump into each
other.
the mountains?
In order for your lungs to breathe air in without
duress, the pressure has to be higher outside
your body. But at high altitudes, the outside air
pressure is lower than it is inside your lungs,
making it more difficult to pull in the thinner air
and for your veins to pump oxygen throughout
the body

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Ocean stratification Surface zone
 In this zone ,the water is very
shallow and light can penetrate
This makes the zone suitable as a
habitat for plants.

Midnight zone
 This zone has little or no lig
it is difficult for plants to live
this depth but this level of
depth becomes the habitat fo
large marine animals ,suc
as giant squids and various
species of whales
Dark zone
 This zone is very deep and no
light can reach it . Therefore ,mo
animals in this zone have
shimmering bodies or are able to
This6Photo by Unknown Author is
glow in the dark.
the sun heats up the
water from
oceans ,lakes and rivers
and water changes into
water vapour by the
process CONDENSATION
EVAPORATION As the water
vapour rises up to
the air , it starts
cooling down and
form tiny water
droplets . These
water droplets
come together and
form a cloud.
COLLECTION
The water droplets PRECIPITATION
condenses and Water that falls to earth
forms rain that will any form-rain ,snow
eventually collect in
the oceans, lake
and rivers 7
Earth’s layer
Crust

Mantle

Outer core
Inner core

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 Earth is the only Home for living organisms

1..Until today ,Earth is the only known planet in the solar system that
supports life.
2. The Earth can sustain life because it has many suitable physical
conditions such as :

(a) oxygen and carbon cycle to maintain the gas content

(b) suitable surface temperature that enables water to exist in liquid
form.
(c) Has strong gravity to retain the layers of atmosphere