PREVENTION AND CONTROL

OF DISEASES AND
DISORDERS
(NON – COMMUNICABLE
DISEASES)
DISEASE IS A CONDITION THAT PREVENTS THE
BODY OR MIND FROM WORKING NORMALLY.
TWO TYPES OF DISEASES

1. COMMUNICABLE DISEASES – ARE ILLNESS THAT CAN BE

TRANSFERRED OR PASSED
FROM ONE PERSON TO ANOTHER.
THEY ARE CAUSED BY PATHOGENS LIKE GERMS, BACTERIA, VIRUSES,
FUNGI, AND
PROTOZOA.
EXAMPLES: COLDS, PNEUMONIA, INFLUENZA OR FLU, MALARIA, ETC.

2. NON COMMUNICABLE OR CHRONIC DISEASES –ARE NON-INFECTIOUS

ILLNESSES
WHICH MAY RESULT FROM HEREDITARY OR LIFESTYLE FACTORS AND
NOT FROM PATHOGENS.
COMMON EXAMPLE ARE HEART DISEASE AND CANCER THAT MAY
NATURE OF NON- COMMUNICABLE DISEASES 3

NON – COMMUNICABLE DISEASES ARE SOME OF

THE MAJOR CAUSES OF MORTALITY IN THE
PHILIPPINES. MANY FILIPINOS DIE EVERY DAY
BECAUSE OF HEART DISEASES AND CANCER.
DIABETES, ARTHRITIS, AND RESPIRATORY
DISORDERS ARE ALSO A MAJOR HEALTH
CONCERNS.

THAT IS WHY IT IS IMPORTANT FOR EVERYONE TO

KNOW THE INFORMATION ABOUT
NON –COMMUNICABLE DISEASE IS A 4

MEDICAL CONDITION OR DISEASE:

 WHICH IS NOT INFECTIOUS

 WITH LONG DURATION
 RELATIVELY SLOW IN PROGRESS
 WHICH A PERSON IS UNAWARE OF THE
DISEASE UNLESS OR OTHERWISE
EXAMINED
 A SILENT KILLER OF PEOPLE
COMMON NON – COMMUNICABLE DISEASES 5

1. ALLERGY – IS SYNONYMOUS TO
HYPERSENSITIVITY, WHICH REFERS TO AN
EXAGGERATE RESPONSE TO AN ANTIBODY –
FORMING SUBSTANCE OR ANTIGEN.

CAUSE: FOOD INTAKE, VACCINE OR BLOOD

TRANSFUSION, INSECT STING, SKIN CONTACT,OR
THROUGH NASAL BY SMELL.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS: SWELLING OF THE MUCUS

MEMBRANE, REDNESS AND ITCHING OF EYES,
2. ASTHMA – IS A CHRONIC CONDITION IN WHICH6

BREATHING BECOME DIFFICULT.

- HYPERSENSITIVITY
- EXAGGERATED RESPONSE TO AN ANTIBODY
FORMING SUBSTANCE OR ANTIGEN
- NOT –CONTAGIOUS

CAUSE: DUST AND MOLDS, POLLENS, COLD AIR,

WEATHER CHANGE, SINUS INFECTIONS,STRESS,
AND CERTAIN FOODS.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS: SHORTNESS OF BREATH,

PROTECTIVE FACTORS: 7

 DO NOT INHALE PAINTS FUMES, INSECTICIDES,

AND CLEANING PRODUCTS
 AVOID PRODUCTS SOLD IN AEROSOL CANS
 DRINK AT LEAST 6 TO 8 GLASSES OF WATER A
DAY
 AVOID STRESSFUL SITUATIONS AND DO NOT
EXERCISE TOO HARD
 DO NOT SMOKE OR AVOID SECONDHAND
SMOKE
 TAKE ALL PRESCRIBED MEDICATIONS WITH
3. CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE – IS A DISEASE OF8

THE HEART AND BLOOD VESSELS. THIS DISEASE

IS THE LEADING CAUSE OF MORTALITY IN THE
PHILIPPINES.

RISK FACTORS: SMOKING, DIABETES,

HYPERTENSION, CHOLESTEROL, AGE, OBESITY,
PHYSICAL INACTIVITY

TYPES OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE ARE:

CORONARY HEART DISEASE; HEART ATTACK;
ANGINA PECTORIS; RHEUMATIC FEVER; HEART
WAYS OF REDUCING RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR 9

DISEASES:

 MAINTAIN HEALTH BLOOD CHOLESTEROL

LEVEL AND CHOOSE A HEART-FRIENDLY DIET.

 AVOID SMOKING AND SECONDHAND SMOKE.

 MAINTAIN A HEALTHY BLOOD PRESSURE.

 MAINTAIN A NORMAL BODY WEIGHT.

SIGNS OF STROKE: ACCORDING TO THE AMERICAN 10

HEART ASSOCIATION, F.A.S.T IS AN EASY WAY TO

REMEMBER THE SIGNS OF STROKE.
F – FACE DROOPING. DOES THE FACE SAG ON ONE SIDE
OR NUMB? ASK THE PERSON TO SMILE AND EXAMINE IF
THE SMILE IS UNEVEN.
A – ARM WEAKNESS. ASK THE PERSON TO LIFT BOTH
ARMS. CAN THE PERSONKEEP ARMS LIFT UP?
S – SPEECH DIFFICULTY. IS THE PERSON’S SPEECH
SLURRED? DO YOU UNDERSTAND WHAT THE PERSON IS
SAYING?
T – TIME TO CALL. IF THE PERSON SHOWS ANY
INDICATION OF THE FOLLOWING SIGNS, CALL FOR
4. CANCER – CAUSED BY ABNORMAL CELLS 11

GROWING WITHOUT CONTROL. AS THESE

ABNORMAL CELLS GROW, THEY FORM IN MASSES
CALLED TUMORS. WAYS TO TREAT CANCER
THROUGH RADIATION THERAPY, CHEMOTHERAPY,
AND IMMUNOTHERAPY.

TUMORS CAN EITHER BE:

A. BENIGN – MASSES OF CELLS THAT ARE NOT
CANCEROUS AND DO NOT SPREAD.
B. MALIGNANT – MASSES OF CELLS THAT ARE
CANCEROUS. THEY MAY SPREAD TO OTHER PARTS
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS 12

 CHANGE IN BOWEL OR BLADDER HABITS

 A SORE THAT DOES THAT NOT HEAL
 UNUSUAL BLEEDING OR DISCHARGE
 THICKENING OR LUMP IN BREAST OR
ELSEWHERE
 INDIGESTION OR DIFFICULTY IN SWALLOWING
 OBVIOUS CHANGE IN WART OR MOLE
 NAGGING COUGH OR HOARSENESS
 UNEXPLAINED WEIGHT LOSS
 PERSISTENT HOARSENESS
HOW CAN YOU REDUCE THE RISK OF CANCER? 13

 IDENTIFY THE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF

CANCER
 HAVE REGULAR CHECK –UPS
 AVOID SMOKING AND SECONDHAND SMOKE
 AVOID TOO MUCH SUN EXPOSURE
 EAT FRUITS AND VEGETABLES
 OBSERVE THE MEAT YOU EAT
 EXERCISE AND HAVE THE RIGHT WEIGHT
 BE AWARE OF FAMILY’S HISTORY OF CANCER
 AVOID DRINKING ALCOHOL
5. DIABETES OR DIABETES MELLITUS – A DISEASE IN
14

WHICH THE BODY PRODUCES LITTLE OR NO

INSULIN AT ALL.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS: EXCESSIVE URINATION
(POLYURIA), THIRST (POLYDIPSIA), HUNGER
(POLYPHAGIA)

TYPES OF DIABETES ARE:

A. TYPE 1 DIABETES (“INSULIN DEPENDENT
DIABETES”)
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS: INCREASED THIRST,
FREQUENT URINATION, CONTINUOUS HUNGER,
 15

B. TYPE 2 DIABETES (“NON – INSULIN DEPENDENT”)

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS: NOT AS NOTICEABLE AS

TYPE 1 DIABETES AND MAY GO UNDETECTED FOR
MANY YEARS.

PROTECTIVE FACTORS: ORAL MEDICATIONS,

PROGRAM OF DIET AND EXERCISE;

C. GESTATIONAL DIABETES (OCCURS IN FEMALES

DURING PREGNANCIES)
 16

6. ARTHRITIS – REFERS TO INFLAMMATION OF

JOINTS. IT USUALLY OCCURS DURING OLD AGE.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS: JOINT PAINS, SWELLING,
STIFFNESS, AND INFLAMMATION
TYPES OF ARTHRITIS ARE:
A. OSTEOARTHRITIS – IS A DISEASE OF OLDER
PEOPLE. IT
RESULT FROM THE WEAR AND TEAR OF JOINTS,
ESPECIALLY THOSE OF THE HANDS, HIPS,
KNEES,AND SPINE;
B. RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS – CAUSES PAIN AND
 17

HOW CAN WE MANAGE AND TREAT ARTHRITIS?

 PERFORM PHYSICAL EXERCISES

 LOSE AND KEEP A HEALTHY WEIGHT
 TAKE MEDICINE, LIKE ASPIRIN AND SOME
PRESCRIPTION MEDICINE THAT WILL HELP
ALLEVIATE THE PAIN AND OTHER SYMPTOMS
 TAKE HOT BATHS THAT CAN HELP REDUCE
SWELLING AND PAIN.
7. KIDNEY OR RENAL FAILURE – IS A MEDICAL 18

CONDITION IN WHICH THE KIDNEYS FAIL TO

ADEQUATELY FILTER WASTE PRODUCT FROM THE
BLOOD.

WHAT ARE SOME SYMPTOMS OF KIDNEY FAILURE?

 CHANGES IN URINATION
 SWELLING IN LEGS, ANKLES, FEET, FACE OR
HANDS
 EXTREME SKIN RASHES AND ITCHING
 NAUSEA AND VOMITING
 SHORTNESS OF BREATH, FEELING COLD,
WHAT ARE THE WAYS TO DIAGNOSE KIDNEY FAILURE? 19

KIDNEY FAILURE CAN BE DIAGNOSED THROUGH

URINALYSIS, URINE MEASUREMENTS,BLOOD
SAMPLES, IMAGING AND KIDNEY TISSUE SAMPLES.
HOW TO PREVENT AND MANAGE KIDNEY FAILURE?
 AVOIDING OR LIMITING INTAKE OF TOXIC SUBSTANCE
WILL HELP TO PREVENT KIDNEY FAILURE. A KEY TO
PREVENT SEVERE KIDNEY DISEASES IS EARLY DETECTION
AND AGGRESSIVE INTERVENTION.
 DIABETES AND HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE ARE COMMONLY
ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASES. MANAGING
THEM WITH PROPER DIET, EXERCISE, AND MEDICATIONS
MAY HELP PREVENT KIDNEY FAILURE.
 SEVERE KIDNEY FAILURES ARE TREATED THROUGH
FYI… 20

ACCORDING TO THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION,

NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES OR NCDS, ARE BY FAR
THE LEADING CAUSES OF DEATH IN THE WORLD,
REPRESENTING 63% OF ALL
ANNUAL DEATHS. NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES KILL
MORE THE 36 MILLION PEOPLE EACH YEAR.SOME 80% OF
ALL NCD DEATHS OCCUR IN LOW – AND MIDDLE INCOME
COUNTRIES.