CONSTRUCTION
1) ANODE AND CATHODE
These terminals are made
of semiconductor materials
(Silicon) , doped with
specific impurities to get the
desired properties
A K
2) GATE
It is the control terminal of
SCR , usually made of
semiconductor material but is
Very thin.
4) DEPLETION LAYER
A thin Dielectric (insulating) layer
seperates the gate from the
cathode.
It prevents the gate current from
flowing directly into the cathode
3) P-N LAYERS
It consists of 4 layers of P & N
Layers
G
arranged alternatively such that
They form 3 junctions. The outer
layers [P (anode) & N (cathode)]
are heavily doped, whereas middle
layers are lightly doped. The gate
is the middle P layer.
CHARACTERISTIC
S
Reverse blocking mode
•The SCR offers high impedance for current flow
and hence do not conduct. It behaves as an open
switch.
• J 1 and J 3 are reverse-biased while J 2 is forward-
biased.

FORWARD LOCKING MODE

• In this mode , SCR doesn't conduct even
though it is forward-biased.
•J 1 and J 3 are forward-biased but J 2 is
reverse-biased. A small current ( forward
leakage current) flows and the SCR is still
treated as open switch.

FORWARD CONDUCTION MODE

• Since , J 1 and J 3 are already forward-biased,
on increase the voltage across SCR leads to
avalanche breakdown at J 2 that results in
sudden increase in anode current in forward
direction.
APPLICATION

1) LIGHTING DIMMING
SCRs are also used in lighting control of
incandescent and halogen lamps. They
provide smooth and precise adjustments
to light intensity

2) HIGH POWER SWITCHING

SCRs are used in electrical substations and
transmission lines, where they manage power
distribution and fault protection

3) VOLATGE REGULATION
SCRs help in maintaining stable
voltage levels in power distribution
network