Unit 3 Integumentary Revised 2023

OUR SKIN-INTEGUMENTARY ORGAN
• https://youtu.be/uH_uzjY2bEE
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Membranes and the
3 Integumentary
System
Lesson 3.1: Body Membranes

Lesson 3.2: The Integumentary
System
Lesson 3.3: Injuries and Disorders
of the Skin
Chapter 3: Membranes and the Integumentary System
Lesson 3.1
Body Membranes
Integumentary
• Skin is a body organ

• Makes up 15 % of total body weight
• Contains glands and sensory receptors
• Grows hair, nails
Body Membranes
• Surround and help protect the body’s

surfaces
– Cavities that open to outside world
– Internal cavities that house body organs
– Capsules that surround ball and socket
synovial joints
– The skin
– OVER VIEW OF BODY MEMBRANES

– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qj2k8rYrX
NM
Body Membranes
• epithelial membranes
– mucous membranes
– serous membranes
– cutaneous membranes
• connective tissue membranes
– synovial membranes
Epithelial Membranes—Mucous
– The mucous membranes are thin and soft tissue that lines
the cavities of the body which are contiguous with the
skin and exposed to the external environment.
– Can be found in five parts of the body:
• The digestive system, from the mouth to the anus.
• The respiratory system, from the nostrils to the lungs.
• The urogenital system: urethra, bladder, ureter, as well
as the uterus and vagina in women, and the glans
in men.
• The inside of the eyelids.
• The inside of the ears.
Epithelial –Mucous membranes
• Structure-
– Top layer of epithelium
– Lamina propria
Epithelial membranes-Serous
• serous membranes
– line cavities not open to environment
– Secrete thin clear mucous (serous)
– Fluid lubricates between the parietal and
visceral membranes to minimize friction and
wear and tear on organs that move (heart,
lungs, stomach)
Mucous Membranes and Serous
Membranes
Cutaneous Membranes
– form what we
know as skin
– Epidermis and
dermis
comprise the
cutaneous layer
Connective Tissue Membranes
• Formed solely from connective tissue.

• These membranes encapsulate organs, such as the
kidneys, and line our movable joints.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under

CC BY-ND
Connective Tissue Membranes
• synovial membrane
– capsule around synovial joint
– tendon sheath
– synovial fluid
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
Review and Assessment
Match these words with 1–4 below:
synovial, mucous, cutaneous, serous.
1. line cavities open to the environment
2. line cavities not open to the
environment
3. tendon sheath
4. form skin
Chapter 3: Lesson 2—The Integumentary System
The Integumentary
System
SWBAT
• Describe the 3 layers of the skin
including the location and what
structures are found in each.
• Explain the 5 functions of the skin

including how each relates to
homeostasis.
1. Integumentary System
• The Integumentary
system includes:
– Skin – largest organ of
the body
– Accessory Organs:
• Hair
• Nails
• Serves to protect the
viscera (internal
organs) and regulate
temperature
Structure of the Skin
• The skin is composed of 3 layers from

superficial to deep:
Epidermis
• Outermost layer of skin
• Stratum Corneum – hard
outermost layer of epidermis
– Produces a protein called keratin
– Keratinization causes hardening of
dead skin cells, making skin
waterproof.
• Stratum Basale – produces new
cells of epidermis
– Contains Langerhans cells (for
immunity) and melanocytes (make
pigment to give skin color)
Epidermal Cells
• keratinocytes
– produce keratin, form layers of epidermis
• epidermal dendritic cells
– ward off infections
• Merkel cells
– touch receptors
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
Appendages of the Skin
• sudoriferous (sweat) glands

– eccrine
– apocrine
• sebaceous glands
• hair
• nails
Layers of the Epidermis
Dermis
• Thick layer of connective tissue

containing:
– Dermal papillae – ridges that cause
fingerprints and provide gripping surface
– Collagen & elastic fibers – stretching &
movement
– Blood vessels
– Sensory Nerves
– Sebaceous Glands
– Hair Follicles
Dermis
• dense, fibrous connective tissue

• papillary layer
– forms fingerprints
• reticular layer
Hypodermis (Subcutaneous Layer)
• Deepest layer of skin
• Composed of loose connective tissue
and adipose tissue (fat)
– Helps to store energy, insulate body, and
provides protective padding
Functions of the Integumentary System
Five Functions of the Skin
• 1. Protection
• Physical barrier to disease, dirt, and
UV radiation
• Bacteria and other invaders are
prevented entry by the top dead layer
of skin and the acidic, oily secretion
from sebaceous glands (sebum).
2. Regulates Water Loss
 Keratinizationof the dead skin outer layer also
prevents water from entering or leaving the
skin, even when immersed in water.
 Skin works with the urinary system to sweat off
some excess water.
3. Produces Vitamin D
 Melanocytes produce melanin to protect

against harmful UV radiation from the sun and
also to produce Vitamin D
 Vitamin D helps regulate the uptake of calcium
by the digestive system.
 Calcium is needed for strong bones.
4. Gathers Sensory Information
• Sensory receptors are linked to the
nervous system
• Receptors specialize in sensing
– Touch
– Pressure
– Pain
– Temperature (hot & cold)
• Many receptors in hands
5. Regulates Body Temperature
• When the body is too hot, the skin
will help to release heat to cool the
body temperature back to 98.6°:
– Sweat
– Dilation of dermal blood vessels
• When the body is too cold, the skin will
help to raise body temperature back to
98.6° by generating heat:
– Shivering (muscle contraction)
– Goosebumps (contraction of arector pili
muscles attached to hair follicles)
cause hair to trap heat
– Constriction of dermal blood vessels
• Bad things happen when body
temp. is not constant:
– 1. Hypothermia -Lower body temp. than

normal interferes with the body’s
normal functions and eventually ends
in death
`
2. Hyperthermia—Higher body temp.

than normal results in dehydration
(from excess sweating) and heat
stroke.
True or False?
1. The dermis is the superficial layer of
the skin.
2. The skin helps regulate body
temperature.
3. The epidermis has three layers.
4. The hypodermis is above the dermis.
5. The skin protects against UV radiation.
Fill in the blanks with: hypodermis,
keratinocytes, sweat, or papillary.
1. Eccrine is a type of _______________
gland.
2. _______________ produce keratin.
3. Adipose tissue is found in the
_______________.
4. The _______________ of the dermis forms
fingerprints.
Chapter 3: Membranes and the Integumentary System
Lesson 3.3
Injuries and Disorders

of the Skin
Injuries and Disorders of the Skin
• injuries of the skin

• infections of the skin and membranes
• inflammatory conditions of the skin and
membranes
• cancers of the skin
Skin Disorders
• 1. Chronic Disorders
• 2. Infectious
Disorders
• 3. Burns
• 4. Skin Cancers
I. Chronic Skin Disorders
• Urticaria
(Hives)
– Raised, often itchy, red
welts on skin surface
– Usually due to an
allergic reaction (to
animal dander, insect
bites, pollen, shellfish,
nuts, eggs, milk)
– Also caused by stress,
extreme cold or hot, or
illness
Eczema
• Chronic skin disorder that involves
scaly and itchy rashes
• Dry, flaky, blistering skin appears
red and inflamed
• Intense itching and burning
sensations
• Can be triggered by allergic
reactions to chemicals, fabrics,
heat, dryness
Dandruff (Seborrheic dermatitis)
 Caused by a yeast
• White, flaky, inflammatory skin condition
• Often found on the scalp
• Not contagious
Psoraiasis
• Flaky, silver-white
patches called scales
• Redness and irritation
• Genetic
• The body produces too
many new skin cells.
• Normally skin cell turn
around is ~30 days, but
with psoraiasis, turn over
is around one week.
Albinism
• Genetic disorder in which the body

cannot produce melanin
• Symptoms: absence of color in hair, skin,
or iris; light sensitivity; prone to sunburn
& skin cancer
II. Infectious Skin Disorders
• Impetigo
– Bacterial infection
– Highly contagious
– Causes blisters or sores on face and
hands
– Common among kids
Acne
• Caused by an
overproduction of
sebum and oil, leading
to clogging of the
pores
• Clogged pores trap
bacteria, dead skin
cells, and pus (white
blood cells)
• Inflammation and
swelling form red
bumps
• Pimples deep in the
• Normal hair • Acne
follicle
• Other causes of acne
Genetics
Hormonal changes due to menstrual
cycles (females) or stress
Greasy or oily cosmetic and hair
products
Certain drugs (such as steroids,
testosterone, estrogen)
High levels of humidity and sweating
Diets high in refined sugars
Athlete’s Foot
• Fungal infection
• Very common on foot or other moist,
warm areas of body
• Fungus infects the upper layers of
the skin, causing itching, cracking,
and pain
Ringworm
 Not a worm, caused by
fungus
 Occurs in warm, moist
areas with frequent
wetness (such as from
sweating) and minor
injuries to your skin
 Itchy, red, raised, scaly
patches that may blister
and ooze
Necrotizing Fasciitis
• “Flesh-eating disease”
• Very rare bacterial infection
• Necrosis (death) of the subcutaneous
layer of skin
MRSA (Methicillin-Resistant
Staphylococcus aureus)
• Staph infections are
caused by bacteria
• Staphylococcus bacteria
normally lives on the
skin with no problems
• MRSA is a strain that is
resistant to antibiotics
and therefore very
dangerous or deadly
Signs & Symptoms MRSA
• People in hospitals are most likely to get

MRSA
• Staph skin infections start as small red
bumps that resemble pimples, boils or
spider bites
• Quickly turn into deep, painful
abscesses that must be surgically
drained
• Sometimes the bacteria remain in the
skin, but if it penetrates into the body, it
can be life-threatening
Ulcers
• Bedsores — also called pressure ulcers and decubitus ulcers

— are injuries to skin and underlying tissue resulting from
prolonged pressure on the skin. Bedsores most often
develop on skin that covers bony areas of the body, such as
the heels, ankles, hips and tailbone.
Suzanne Tucker/Shutterstock.com, JTeffects/Shutterstock.com, Naiyyer/Shutterstock.com
III. Skin Burns
• A burn is tissue damage which destroys

cell proteins and cause cell death in the
affected areas
• Caused by:
– Heat
– Radiation (sunlight, tanning beds)
– Chemicals
– Electricity
Are Tanning Beds Safer?
• The salons say yes, but studies show

tanning beds still increase the risk of
cancer
Degrees of Burns
• 1st Degree Burn

– Burns only the epidermis (ex.
Sunburn)
– Redness & Pain, no blistering
2nd Degree Burn
• Burns occur in the epidermis and some

of the dermis
• Redness, Pain, & blistering
3rd Degree Burn
• The epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis

are destroyed
• Damage to the nerve endings (ex.
Exposure to direct fire)
• http://video.about.com/firstaid/Burns
Extent of Burns
• “Rule of Nines”
– Body is divided into 11 regions (each
accounting for 9% of total body area)
• Critical Burns
– Cover more than10% of
the body’s surface area
– Burns on face, genitals,
or completely encircling
the hands or feet
Treatment of Critical Burns
• Complications:
– Infection, hypothermia, dehydration
• Intense doses of intravenous fluids to
replace electrolyte imbalance
• Warm and isolated environment to
reduce risk of infection
• Skin graft can be done as soon as
patient is stable
IV. Skin Cancer
• Risk Factors
– Age (Older people)
– Light-skin
– Excessive sun exposure
– Genetics (family history)
– Chemical exposure
• When to see your doctor:
– If you have any of the warning signs, are
older, or have a family history of skin cancer
Cancer Vocabulary
• Cancer – abnormal division of a cell that

has undergone a DNA mutation
Tumor – mass of mutated cells
• Metastasis - the spread of cancer cells

from one part of the body to another
• Two Categories of Skin Cancer:
– 1) Non-Melanoma
• Includes Basal cell
carcinoma and Squamous
cell carcinoma
– 2) Melanoma
Basal Cell Carcinoma
• Most common skin cancer

• Occurs – in sun-exposed areas
• Appearance – pearly or waxy bump
or a flat, flesh-colored or brown
scar-like legion
• Treatment – cryosurgery, surgical
removal
– 95% of patients easily cured,
but it may come back
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
• Five times less common than basal

cell carcinoma, but more likely to
spread to nearby organs
• Occurs – on sun-exposed areas
• Appearance – firm, red nodule or a
flat lesion with a scaly, crusted
surface
• Treatment – cryosurgery,
surgical removal,
medication
Melanoma
• Most dangerous skin cancer because
it can metastasize (spread) and lead
to death
• Occurs – anywhere on body’s skin
• Appearance – large brownish spot
with darker speckles or a mole that
changes in color, size or bleeds
– Men – on trunk, head or neck
– Women – lower legs
• Treatment – surgical removal,
radiation, chemotherapy
Infections of the Skin and Membranes
• viral infections
– herpes varicella
– herpes zoster
– herpes simplex
virus type 1 or
type 2
– human
papillomavirus
• warts
Maksym Bondarchuk/Shutterstock.com
Infections of the Skin and Membranes
• fungal infections
– athlete’s foot
– jock itch
– ringworm
– toenail fungus
• bacterial infections
– impetigo
– cellulitis
Inflammatory Conditions of the Skin
and Membranes
• pleurisy
– makes smooth
surface of pleura
rough
• peritonitis
– infection of
peritoneum
• psoriasis Kenxro/Shutterstock.com
– involves redness
and irritation
True or False?
1. Herpes zoster causes decubitus ulcers.
2. Peritonitis is an infection of the skin.
3. Impetigo is caused by a fungus.
4. Warts are caused by a virus.
5. Ringworm is caused by a fungus.

Unit 3 Integumentary Revised 2023

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OUR SKIN-INTEGUMENTARY ORGAN

Lesson 3.1: Body Membranes

• Skin is a body organ

• Surround and help protect the body’s

– OVER VIEW OF BODY MEMBRANES

• Formed solely from connective tissue.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

• Explain the 5 functions of the skin

• The skin is composed of 3 layers from

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

• sudoriferous (sweat) glands

• Thick layer of connective tissue

• dense, fibrous connective tissue

 Melanocytes produce melanin to protect

– 1. Hypothermia -Lower body temp. than

2. Hyperthermia—Higher body temp.

Injuries and Disorders

• injuries of the skin

• Genetic disorder in which the body

• People in hospitals are most likely to get

• Bedsores — also called pressure ulcers and decubitus ulcers

Suzanne Tucker/Shutterstock.com, JTeffects/Shutterstock.com, Naiyyer/Shutterstock.com

• A burn is tissue damage which destroys

• The salons say yes, but studies show

• 1st Degree Burn

• Burns occur in the epidermis and some

• The epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis

• Cancer – abnormal division of a cell that

Tumor – mass of mutated cells

• Metastasis - the spread of cancer cells

• Most common skin cancer

• Five times less common than basal

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