Atomic structure

D.M K.M S.H Z.M I.S

 Introduction: Learning Objectives

What is an Atom?

Isotopes and mass spectrum

Contents Calculations of protons, neutrons, electrons

and relative atomic mass

Charge of ions

Isotopes & Relative Atomic Mass.

Mass Spectra
2
 Introduction: Learning Objectives

1. Describe structure of an atom

2. Define atomic number and atomic mass

3. Calculate the number of protons, neutrons and

electrons

4. Deduce the charge of ions

5. Solve Isotope Problems

6. Identify Relative Atomic Mass

What is an Atom? Atom the smallest chemically indivisible
particle of a substance

Helium atom Atom is made of 2 parts:

1. Electrons that appear around the
nucleus in particular energy levels
-
2. Nucleus that is made up of protons
+ and neutrons
+
2.1. Protons
-
2.2. Neutrons
 Tips for remembering

Charge Relative Mass

p Protons + Positive 1 amu

1 amu
n Neutrons 0 Neutral = 0

e Electrons - Negative negligible

1 amu = 1.67377 x 10 -24 gram

 Atomic number and Atomic mass

Atomic Number (Z) = Proton Number = Electron Number

(in neutral atom)

Atomic Mass (A) = Protons + Neutrons Charge of particle (C) = difference between protons and electrons

A=Z+n C = Z – e–

https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/build-an-atom/latest/build-an-atom_en.html
Atomic number and Atomic mass

Atomic Atomic
number mass

Sodium 11 23

Iron 26 56

Tin 50 119

Fluorine 9 19
Calculations of protons, neutrons and electrons

Electron Atomic
number = ? number = ?

Neutron Atomic
number = ? mass = ?

Proton
number = ? Charge = ?
Charge of ions.

Magnesium atom: Magnesium ion:

12 protons = +12 12 protons = +12
12 electrons = -12 10 electrons = -10
Total charge = ? Total charge = ?
0 +2

Mg Mg
Examples and questions.
What is Isotope ?

Radio
Porsche X Leather Seats
Red

Chrome Wheels

Porsche Y CD Player All Porsche

Blue

Massaging Seats
Porsche Z Platinum Wheels
Yellow
Examples of Isotopes
Examples of Isotopes

-
-
-
+ 0
+0+ 0 +
0 +0 +
0

ı
-
- ıı -

+ Proton 0 Neutron - Electron (s) - Electron (p)

 Examples of Isotopes

-
-
-
+ 0
+0+ 0 +
0 +0 +
0

ı
-
- ıı -

+ Proton 0 Neutron - Electron (s) - Electron (p)

 Examples of Isotopes

-
-
-
0 + 0
+0+ 0 +
0 +0 +
0

ı
-
- ıı -

+ Proton 0 Neutron - Electron (s) - Electron (p)

Summary

Element: Carbon
Protons: 6
Neutrons: 6

Element: Carbon
Protons: 6 Protons are Isotopes
Neutrons: 7 same

Element: Carbon
Protons: 6
Neutrons: 8

Quick Tip: “Iso” means Same (Same number of Protons)

 Click For Correct
Examples of Isotopes –> Group Work
Answers

Group A Group B

Isotope or
Not ?

Group C Group D
 Relative Atomic Mass: What is happening ?

Average Mass of
Atoms in Element (A r)

Isotopes

Relative
Atomic Mass

Why ? Standard: mass of 1 C-12 = 12

Relative atomic mass
The average mass of a large number of atoms of an element is called its
relative atomic mass (Ar)

Calculated according to percentage abundance of all the isotopes of an

element which exist.

Standard: Carbon-12 = 12 amu

Average Mass

Weight: 100 gram Abundance 75 25

Count: 4 (%)

Weight: 50 gram
Count: 3
Examples of Relative Atomic Mass

Silicon (Si) Phosphorus (P)

Natural Natural
Mass Number Mass Number
Abundance Abundance
28 92.22% 32 94.99%
29 4.69% 33 0.75%
30 3.09% 34 4.25%
36 0.01%

Potassium (K) Thallium (Tl)

Mass Natural
Natural Abundance Mass Number
Number Abundance
39 93.26% 203 29.52%
40 0.01% 205 70.48%
41 6.73%
References:

Real atom: https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/a17804899/here-is-a-photo-of-a-single-atom/