Group 3 members

• Mats’eliso Ralefu
• Nyakallo Motlalane
• Tankiso Makuru
• Rets’epile Mabesa
• Mpho Sojane
• Neo Morapeli
• Ts’epo Majara
 GROUP 3
Objectives:
Discuss the nursing interventions for patients with nutritional
problems
Explain the indications for nasogastric tube feeding
Explain how often a patient on NG tube is fed
How to prepare a diet for a patient on NG tube
Nursing interventions to treat clients with
nutritional problems
• Nutritional assessment: assessing the patient`s current nutritional status by
evaluating their dietary habits, weigh history, and any signs of malnutrition.
• Dietary modification: collaborating with a dietitian to develop a personalised
meal that meets the patient`s nutritional needs and addresses any deficiencies.
• Education: providing the patient with information about proper nutrition,
portion control, and healthy food choices to help them make informed
decisions regarding their diet.
• Monitoring intake: keeping track of the patient`s food and fluid intake to
ensure that they are consuming enough calories and nutrients.
• Administering supplements: oral or IV nutritional supplements to correct any
deficiencies.
Cont…
• Feeding assistance: providing assistance with feeding for patients
who have difficulty eating independently, such as those with
swallowing difficulties or physical limitations.
Indications of NG tube feeding
• Inability to take oral nutrition or medication due to a condition such
as dysphagia, esophageal obstruction, severe nausea & vomiting.
• Impaired gastrointestinal function or mobility, such as in cases of
gastroparesis or bowel obstruction.
• Non-functional or inaccessible gastrointestinal tract, for example,
after surgery or in the case of a comatose patient.
• Catabolic state or malnutrition requiring supplemental enteral
nutrition to meet nutritional needs.
• Acute or chronic illness that leads to inadequate oral intake, such as
cancer, severe burns, or trauma.
Cont..
• Progressive or terminal conditions where comfort and quality of life
are prioritized, and oral intake is no longer feasible.
• Preparation for or recovery from major surgery, to optimize
nutritional status and support healing.
 How often should the patient be fed on
nasogastric tube
• Continuous feedings
involve a slow and constant infusion of formula over an extended
period.

• Intermitted feedings
involve giving larger volumes of formula at specific intervals
throughout the day. One of the common intermittent feeding is called
bolus feeding, where a large dose of nutrients is administered through
the nasogastric tube over a short period, typically 15 to 30 minutes.
Prepare diet for a patient on nasogastric tube
• ISOTONIC FORMULA: contains fats, proteins, and carbohydrates with a
high molecular weight and an osmolality equal to that of the body
(300 mOsm). Isocal and osmolite are isotonic formulas that supply 1
kcal/mL and are lactose free.
• ELEMENTAL (monomeric) FORMULA: contains monosaccharides and
amino acids with minimal tryglyceride content in hypertonic
concentrations. Vivonex and vivonex HN are elemental formulas that
supply 1 kca/mL; they are started at half strength or less and gradually
increased to full strength due to their hypertonic concentration.
CONT…
• FLUID RESTRICTION FORMULA: contains a highly concentrated source
of kilocalories (2 kcal/mL). Magnacal is a fluid restriction formula that
is started at half strength or less and gradually increased to full
strength due to the hypertonic concentration.