' STUDY THE PRINCIPLES OF REFLECTION AND

REFRACTION AND ANALYZE THE BEHAVIOR OF

LIGHT THROUGH LENSES, PRISM AND
MIRRORS AND INVESTIGATE THE RAY OPTICS
PRINCIPLES IN OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS '

Project submitted by : Ankit Timilsina

Bipin Thakur
Bishal Thapa
Introduction
• Welcome to our presentation on the principles of reflection and
refraction in optics.
• Today, we'll delve into the fascinating behavior of light as it
interacts with various mediums, lenses, prisms, and mirrors.
Fig : Bending of light when
passing through a prism

Fig : Light rays converging when Fig : Convex mirror diverging

passing through a Convex Lens the parallel beam of light
Understanding
Reflection
• Reflection is the bouncing back of light
when it strikes a surface.
• The angle of incidence is equal to the
angle of reflection, as described by the
law of reflection.
• Examples of reflection include mirrors,
polished metals, and still water surfaces.
Exploring
Refraction
• Refraction occurs when light passes from
one medium to another, causing it to
change direction.
• The change in direction is due to the
change in speed of light in different
mediums.
• Snell's law describes the relationship
between the angles of incidence and
refraction.
Behavior of light • Lenses are transparent objects that
refract light, focusing or dispersing it.

through Lenses
• Convex lenses converge light rays,
used in magnifying glasses and
cameras.
• Concave lenses diverge light rays,
used in correcting nearsightedness.

Fig (a) : Convex Lens Fig (b) : Concave Lens

 Investigating Prism
Behavior

Prisms are optical devices that They are commonly used to

refract, reflect, and disperse light. separate white light into its
constituent colors (dispersion).

Fig : Refraction light

Prisms are crucial components in through glass prism
spectrometers and optical
instruments.
Analyzing Mirror
Properties
• Mirrors reflect light, producing images.
• Plane mirrors produce virtual images that
appear to be behind the mirror.
• Concave mirrors can produce real or
virtual images depending on the object's
position relative to the mirror.
• Convex mirrors always produce virtual,
diminished images.
Ray Optics Principles
in Optical Instruments
• Optical instruments, such as
microscopes, telescopes, and
binoculars, rely on ray optics
principles.
• They use lenses, mirrors, and
prisms to manipulate light for
magnification, focusing, and
image formation.
• Understanding ray optics is
essential for designing and
optimizing these instruments.
CONCLUSION

1. In conclusion, the principles of reflection and refraction govern the

behavior of light in various optical systems.
2. By studying these principles, we can design and understand the workings
of lenses, prisms, mirrors, and optical instruments.
3. Thank you for your attention. Let's keep exploring the wonders of optics
together.