2S-MAT 04:

PLANE GEOMETRY
OV-II BME
Term 2, A.Y. 2023-2024
 UNIT 8
Polygons

1. Polygons, Classifications, and Related

Concepts
2. Special Topics on Quadrilaterals
a. Classification of Quadrilaterals and
Properties
b. Proving Theorems on Special
Quadrilaterals
3. Perimeter and Area of Polygons
 Classification of Quadrilaterals and Properties
Quadrilaterals
Definition 1
A quadrilateral is a four-sided polygon.
 Classification of Quadrilaterals and Properties
Quadrilateral Family Tree

NOTE:

• From the figure below the family tree going

upward, the statement “All (name of the
figure below) are (name of the upper figure
connected to it by arrow/s)” applies.

• If from the figure at the upper part of the

family tree going downward, the statement
“Not all (name of the upper figure) are (name
of the figure below connected to it by
arrow/s)” applies.
 Classification of Quadrilaterals and Properties

Definition 2 (Definitions of the Kinds of Quadrilaterals)

• A parallelogram is a quadrilateral in which both pairs of opposite sides
are parallel. • The points are vertices of the polygon;
• The segments are its sides;
• A trapezoid is a quadrilateral
• Thewith exactly
angles one
are its pair of opposite sides
angles.
parallel.
• A kite is a quadrilateral in which one diagonal is the perpendicular bisector
of the other diagonal.
• A rectangle is a parallelogram with four right angles.
• A rhombus is a parallelogram with four congruent sides.
• A square is a rectangle with four congruent sides.
 Classification of Quadrilaterals and Properties
Try!
Evaluate whether the statement is TRUE or FALSE. Explain your answers.

1) Every parallelogram is a quadrilateral.

Answer: TRUE
2) Quadrilaterals are either trapezoids or parallelograms.
Answer: FALSE
3) Every square is a parallelogram.
Answer: TRUE
 Classification of Quadrilaterals and Properties
Properties of Parallelograms
Theorem 1
• Each diagonal separates a parallelogram into two congruent triangle.

A D

• Given the parallelogram , the diagonal

divides the parallelogram int two
congruent triangles. That is
B C
 Classification of Quadrilaterals and Properties
Properties of Parallelograms
Theorem 2
• In a parallelogram, opposite sides are congruent.

A D

• Given the parallelogram ,

and .

B C
 Classification of Quadrilaterals and Properties
Properties of Parallelograms
Theorem 3
• In a parallelogram, opposite angles are congruent.

A D

• Given the parallelogram ,

.

B C
 Classification of Quadrilaterals and Properties
Properties of Parallelograms
Theorem 4
• In a parallelogram, consecutive angles are supplementary.

A D

• Given the parallelogram ,

.

B C
 Classification of Quadrilaterals and Properties
Properties of Parallelograms
Theorem 5
• The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.

A D

E • Given the parallelogram ,

the diagonal divides diagonal
into two congruent parts, and vice
versa.
B C
 Classification of Quadrilaterals and Properties
Other Related Theorems
Theorem 6 (The Midsegment Theorem)
• The segment joining the midpoints of two sides of a triangle is parallel and
half as long as the third side.

A
• Since the joins the midpoints of the
two sides of , then and .

D E

Definition 3
The segment joining the midpoints of two sides
B C of a triangle is called midsegment of the triangle.
 Classification of Quadrilaterals and Properties
Try!
Solve the required value for each problem.
1) Given that is a parallelogram, find the value of and .

Answer:
and
 Classification of Quadrilaterals and Properties
Try!
Solve the required value for each problem.
2) Given that is a parallelogram, find the value of and .

Answer:
and
 Classification of Quadrilaterals and Properties
Try!
Solve the required value for each problem.
3) Given that is a parallelogram, find the value of and .

Answer:
and
 Classification of Quadrilaterals and Properties
Try!
Solve the required value for each problem.
3) Given that is a midsegment of , find the value of .

Answer:
 Classification of Quadrilaterals and Properties
On Your Own!
Given that is a parallelogram, find the value of , , and .
THANK YOU!