Review: Frequency Distribution Table

23, 12, 13, 38, 18, 34, 25, 30, 15, 40, 26,
30, 28, 15, 24, 16, 35, 40, 39, 38,
From the above set of data, answer the
following:
1. Find the Range
Ans: R=40-12 28
2. Find class width if the class interval is 6
Ans: i=28/6 4.67 or 5
 Measures of Central
Tendency and Variability
Objectives:

1.Analyze and interprets the data

presented in the table using measures of
central tendency and test of significant
differences.
Measures of central Tendency and
Variability
• As you go to this lesson try to analyze the
importance of studying the different ways of
presenting business data, how to interpret and
construct charts and graphs for any given data. By
developing the necessary knowledge and skills, you
will be able to solve real-life word problems
involving business data.
The following data are the daily earnings from sales of two stores:
Let us analyze the data and answer the following question on your
notebook or on a separate sheet of paper.
PRESENTATION OF DATA

This refers to the organization of data into

tables, graphs or charts, so that logical and
statistical conclusions can be derived from
the collected measurements.
Data may be presented in three methods
o Textual o Tabular o Graphical
Textual Presentation
Textual presentation – the data gathered are presented
in paragraph forms. The data are written and read and it
is a combination of texts and figures.
Example:
Of the 150 sample interviewed, the following
complaints were noted: 27 for lack of books in the
library, 25 for a dirty playground, 20 lack of
laboratory equipment, 17 for not well maintained
university buildings.
Tabular presentation
Tabular presentation – methods pf presenting data
using the statistical table. A systematic organization
of data in columns and rows.
Graphical Presentation – Presentation
using graphs
Kinds of graphs:
Bar graph
Pie or circle graph
Line graph
Pictograph
Measures of Central Tendency Defined

• A single number that can represent

the entire number or set of values.
• A single figure which is the
representative or summary of the
characteristics of a given set of data.
Most commonly used measures of central
tendency
• Mean - is defined as the sum of all items or terms
divided by the total number of items or terms.
• Median - is the middlemost number/term that
divides an arranged (either ascending or descending
order) distribution into two equal parts.
• Mode - is the number that occurs most frequently
more than any other number in a given set of data.
FORMULA IN COMPUTING THE MEAN
Characteristic of
Mean
 Easy to compute.
 Most reliable.
 Influenced by
extreme scores
(outliers)
MEDIAN
Steps and formula in computing the median
Ex: 2, 3, 7, 9, 9, 11, 13 (odd)
2, 3, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13 13 (even) Characteristics
of Median
 Is the middle score
 It is a positional
average
 Most stable
 It is not easily
influenced by
extremes scores.
MODE
 Most occurring number in an array of data
 An array of data can have no mode
 Find the most frequent number to identify the mod

Ex: 2, 3, 7, 9, 9, 11, 13 (Data A)

2, 3, 7, 9, 9, 11, 13 13 (Data B)

Three types of modes

1 mode = Unimodal; 2 modes = Bimodal; 3 or more modes =
Multimodal
Evaluation:

Solve for the MEAN,

MEDIAN & MODE
43 58 21 24 31 49 40 51 55 28
50 33 62 30 25 39 59 29 36 42
38 46 42 16 50 41 37 35 40 52
47 35 57 55 36 45 32 45 42 36
 43 58 21 24 31 49 40 51 55 28
Answer (15) 50 33 62 30 25 39 59 29 36 42
38 46 42 16 50 41 37 35 40 52
Mean = 47 35 57 55 36 45 32 45 42 36
= 40.8
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th 18th 19th 20th 21st 22nd 23rd 24th 25th 26th 27th 28th 29th 30th 31st 32nd 33rd 34th 35th 36th 37th 38th 39th 40th

16 21 24 25 28 29 30 31 32 33 35 35 36 36 36 37 38 39 40 40 41 42 42 42 43 45 45 46 47 49 50 50 51 52 55 55 57 58 59 62

Median = = 40.5
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th 18th 19th 20th 21st 22nd 23rd 24th 25th 26th 27th 28th 29th 30th 31st 32nd 33rd 34th 35th 36th 37th 38th 39th 40th

16 21 24 25 28 29 30 31 32 33 35 35 36 36 36 37 38 39 40 40 41 42 42 42 43 45 45 46 47 49 50 50 51 52 55 55 57 58 59 62

Mode = 36 & 42
 9.1 9 10.1 9.6
Answer (16) 9 11.1 11.4 9.1
10.5 13.3 9.5 10.7
12 9.1 9.1 9
• Mean = 12.2 9 13.1 11
= 10.29 10 9.2 9.3 11.6

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th

9 9 9 9 9.1 9.1 9.1 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.5 9.6 10 10.1 10.5

• Median == = 9.8

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th

9 9 9 9 9.1 9.1 9.1 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.5 9.6 10 10.1 10.5
• Mode = 9 & 9.1