3 major parts

of cell
N I K K O B RYA N B . D E L A M ATA
 introduction
All living things, from microbes to people, rely
on cells for structure and functionality. They are
regarded by scientists as the tiniest form of life.
The biological machinery that creates the
proteins, chemicals, and signals necessary for
everything that occurs inside of our bodies is
housed within cells. Each cell performs a
specialized task that helps the organism to
function as a whole. But this tiny cells are also
composed of tiny organelles. Organelles that
perform various process that helps in daily life.
02
OBJECTIVES
 OBJECTIVES
K- IDENTIFY THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF
MAJOR ORGANELLES.
S- Draw the structure of major organelles and label their
functions.
A- Appreciate the structure and functions of cells in the
daily life of people.
03
PARTS OF
CELLS
 THE PLASMA MEMBRANE THAT ENCLOSES A CELL
CREATES A SELECTIVE BARRIER THAT PERMITS
NUTRIENTS TO ENTER AND WASTE PRODUCTS TO EXIT.
EACH OF THE NUMEROUS SPECIALIZED
COMPARTMENTS, OR ORGANELLES, THAT MAKE UP A
CELL'S INSIDE IS ENCIRCLED BY A DIFFERENT
MEMBRANE.

THE NUCLEUS IS ONE IMPORTANT ORGANELLE THAT

HOUSES THE GENETIC MATERIAL REQUIRED FOR CELL
DIVISION AND GROWTH.

WHILE OTHER TYPES OF ORGANELLES ARE FOUND IN

MANY COPIES IN THE CELLULAR CONTENTS, OR
CYTOPLASM, EACH CELL ONLY HAS ONE NUCLEUS.
 MITOCHONDRIA ARE OFTEN
CALLED THE “POWERHOUSES” OR
RIBOSOMES ATTACHED TO THE RER TRANSFER THEIR NEWLY “ENERGY FACTORIES” OF A CELL
SYNTHESIZED PROTEINS INTO THE RER'S INTERIOR WHERE THEY
UNDERGO STRUCTURAL MODIFICATIONS, SUCH AS FOLDING OR BECAUSE THEY ARE RESPONSIBLE THE CYTOPLASM IS THE CELL'S ENTIRE
ACQUIRING SIDE CHAINS. THESE MODIFIED PROTEINS FOR MAKING ADENOSINE REGION BETWEEN THE PLASMA MEMBRANE
INCORPORATE INTO CELLULAR MEMBRANES. THE PROTEINS TRIPHOSPHATE (ATP), THE CELL’S AND THE NUCLEAR ENVELOPE. IT IS
SYNTHESIZED WITH THE RER CAN ALSO BE SECRETED FROM THE
CELL (SUCH AS PROTEIN HORMONES AND ENZYMES). THE RER ALSO MAIN ENERGY-CARRYING COMPRISED OF ORGANELLES SUSPENDED IN
MAKES PHOSPHOLIPIDS FOR CELLULAR MEMBRANES. MOLECULE THE GEL-LIKE CYTOSOL, THE
CYTOSKELETON, AND VARIOUS CHEMICALS.
RIBOSOMES ARE
THE CELLULAR THE CENTROSOME IS A
STRUCTURES MICROTUBULE-
RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZING CENTER
FOUND NEAR THE
FOR PROTEIN NUCLEI OF ANIMAL
SYNTHESIS. CELLS. CENTROSOMES
PLAY A MAJOR ROLE IN
CELL DIVISION BY
ORGANIZING THE
MICROTUBULES THAT
HOUSES THE CELL’S DNA AND DIRECTS MOVE AND SEPARATE
THE SYNTHESIS OF PROTEINS (GENE CHROMOSOMES INTO
EXPRESSION) AND THE SYNTHESIS OF SEPARATE
LYSOSOMES ARE CELLS.
THE CELL’S
RIBOSOMES. COMPOSED OF THE “GARBAGE DISPOSAL.” ENZYMES
CHROMATIN, NUCLEOLUS OR NUCLEOLI, A WITHIN THE LYSOSOMES AID IN
NUCLEAR ENVELOPE, AND NUCLEAR BREAKING DOWN PROTEINS,
PORES. NUCLEOPLASM IS ESSENTIALLY POLYSACCHARIDES, LIPIDS,
NUCLEIC ACIDS, AND EVEN WORN-
THE CYTOPLASM OF THE NUCLEUS. OUT ORGANELLES.
A DARKLY STAINING
AREA WITHIN THE VESICLES AND VACUOLES
NUCLEUS CALLED THE ARE MEMBRANE-BOUND
SACS THAT FUNCTION IN
NUCLEOLUS STORAGE AND TRANSPORT.
AGGREGATES THE SER FUNCTIONS INCLUDE SYNTHESIS
RIBOSOMAL RNA WITH OF CARBOHYDRATES, LIPIDS, AND
ASSOCIATED PROTEINS STEROID HORMONES;
TO ASSEMBLE THE DETOXIFICATION OF MEDICATIONS
RIBOSOMAL SUBUNITS AND POISONS; AND STORING CALCIUM
THAT ARE THEN SORTING, TAGGING, PACKAGING, AND IONS. IN MUSCLE CELLS, A
DISTRIBUTING LIPIDS AND PROTEINS
PEROXISOMES ARE SMALL, ROUND SPECIALIZED SER, CALLED THE
TRANSPORTED OUT TAKES PLACE IN THE GOLGI ORGANELLES ENCLOSED BY SINGLE SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM, IS
THROUGH THE PORES DESCRIBES
CHROMATIN IN THE APPARATUS. THE GOLGI CAN BE MEMBRANES. THEY CARRY OUT RESPONSIBLE FOR STORING CALCIUM
THE NUCLEAR
MATERIAL THAT MAKES UP THE
THOUGHT OF AS THE "POST OFFICE" OF OXIDATION REACTIONS THAT BREAK IONS THAT ARE NEEDED TO TRIGGER
A CELL. THE MUSCLE CELLS' COORDINATED
ENVELOPE TO THE
CHROMOSOMES BOTH WHEN DOWN FATTY ACIDS AND AMINO ACIDS.
CYTOPLASM. THEY ALSO DETOXIFY MANY POISONS CONTRACTIONS.
CONDENSED (PACKED INTO TIGHT
STRUCTURES FOR CELL DIVISION) THAT MAY ENTER THE BODY.
AND DECONDENSED (LOOSE;
CHROMATIN IS LOOSE MOST OF THE
2
BASIC
TYPES
OF
CELL
PROKARYOT
IC AND
EUKARYOTI
C
PROKARYOT
IC
PROKARYOTIC CELLS ARE
SIMPLE CELLS THAT LACK A
NUCLEUS AND OTHER
MEMBRANE-BOUND
ORGANELLES. THEY ARE
TYPICALLY SMALLER THAN
EUKARYOTIC CELLS AND
ARE FOUND IN BACTERIA
AND ARCHAEA.
EUKARYOTI
C EUKARYOTIC CELLS, ON
THE OTHER HAND, ARE
MORE COMPLEX CELLS
THAT HAVE A NUCLEUS
AND OTHER MEMBRANE-
BOUND ORGANELLES.
They are typically larger than p
rokaryotic cells and are found i
n animals, plants, fungi, and pr
otists
THANK
YOU!