`

Trong h s n n c, cc ch t lm c khc nhau c phn bi t trn c s cch th c lm c c a chng, c 2 lo i : Lm c do b n thn ch t lm c Lm c khi k t h p v i cc thnh ph n khc c a s n

*Lm c do b n thn ch t lm c - D n xu t c a Cellulose : c s d ng ph bi n (th ng dng : hydroxyethyl cellulose, ethylhydroxyethyl cellulose, methylhydroxyethyl cellulose, cellulose methylhydroxypropyl, v carboxymethyl cellulose) - Tinh b t bi n tnh : s d ng cho h th ng s n gi r , thnh ph n b t mu cao, hi n nay cn s d ng r t t - Ch t lm c Acrylic : s d ng cho h th ng s n t ng n i th t (nh c i m: ph thu c vo pH c a h s cho hi u qu lm c khc nhau)

C ch c b n qua 2 giai o n + Lin k t v i n c thng qua cc lin k t Hydro => t ng nh nh t + Phn t cc ch t t o c tr ng ln v dan xen vo nhau lm t ng nh t => nh t cu i c a s n ph m => Dung d ch s n v a c tnh ch t c a 1 dung d ch, v a c tnh ch t c a 1 v t li u n h i
-

u i m: + Ho t ng c l p v i h th ng + Tnh l u bi n c th d on tr c - Khuy t i m : + Tnh n h i cao do khi s n ph i dng ch i s n, bng th p + Tr ng l ng phn t cao gp ph n nh h ng x u n s k t t c a cc h t mu v h t nh a n u h th ng khng n nh => Gi m bng (trong tr ng h p s n bng) v t ng s nh y c m v i n c (l p ph cu i)
-

*Lm c khi k t h p v i cc thnh ph n khc c as n - Polyoxyethylene c i bi n tnh k n c : cc s n ph m ny th ng c g i l ch t lm c polyurethane m c d nhm k t h p c th khng ph i l polyisocyanate, ch ng h n nh : alkyl halogenua, i u ny khng lm nh h ng n tnh ch t c a s n ph m - Ch t lm c Acrylic k t h p : c bi t n nh l HASE (hydrophobically modified alkali-swellable emulsions). L s bi n i ha tnh t 3 nhm :

mb o tan trong n c, 1 monomer a n c nh acid acrylic c a vo phn t , c c s cn b ng chnh xc gi a tnh k n c v tan trong n c, m t monomer k n c nh ethyl acrylate c s d ng. Nh ng quan tr ng nh t l nhm th 3, nhm lin k t hnh thnh nn cc lin k t ngang nh vinyl ether alkyl v i nhm alkyl c ch a t nh t 8 C . Nh c i m l ch ha tan trong pH t 8 10 v b n cht anion c tnh ki m => nh y c m v i n c, ko thch h p cho s n ngoi tr i

Cellulose ether k t h p : gi m tnh v ng v t ng kh n ng bao ph c a s n, Nh ng s n ph m ny i t hydroxyethyl cellulose v ethylhydroxyethyl cellulose, trong cc nhm k n c b bi n i gip c th t ng tc v i cc thnh ph n khc c a s n

` `

Cc d n xu t t Cellulose PUR

S l t v Cellulose : Celulose l 1 polysaccharide v c t o thnh t nhi u anhydroglucose

nv

Ngu n g c v qu trnh s n xu t Cellulose nh h ng l n n ch t l ng v tnh ch t v t l cc d n xu t c a n. Hai ngu n quan trong : Cy bng (hm l ng cellulose : 90%) v g (50%) M i n v Anhydroglucose ch a 3 nhm hydroxyl ho t ng

Ph ng php t ng h p : th ng l ester ha v eter ha. Ether ha tr c ti p t ng i kh kh n do ph i chuy n qua d ng cellulose ki m r i m i ether ha (*) Este ha c th ti n hnh b ng cch t ng h p Williamson : cho ph n ng v i 1 alkylhalogenua ho c b ng cch Epoxi ha. Tuy nhin h p ch t ester ha la khng quan tr ng v t c quan tm

Khi chuy n sang d ng ki m => xu t hi n hai khi ni m m i : M c thay th (DS) c nh ngh a l s l ng trung bnh c a nhm hydroxyl thay th trn m t n v anhydroglucose. M c phn t thay th (MS) c nh ngh a l s l ng trung bnh c a mol c a cc nhm th d ng m i n v anhydroglucose V d :

Ch t lm c c th c thm vo m khng c v n cc giai o n khc nhau c a qu trnh s n xu t Ph ng php c s d ng ph bi n nh t l thm vo trong giai o n nghi n b t mu v ch t n

Cc h t Cellulose Ether khi ha tan vo trong mi tr ng n c n s tr ng n to ra v s chi m ph n di n tch tr ng trong dung d ch gy kh kh n cho qu trnh phn tn c a cc thnh ph n khc : h t mu , ch t n. V v y ng i ta ph i s d ng thm Glyoxal (CHOCHO) lm ch m qu trnh phn tn c a n ( y c ng l nguyn nhn lm t ng nh t). Cellulose ether d b vi khu n xm nh p nn th ng dng cho s n n i th t. Tuy nhin n u dng 1 mnh n s n s b t o vng trong qu trnh l u tr , do ph i dng k t h p v i ch t lm c PU

S pht tri n c a polyurethane ho c ch t lm c PUR m t trong nh ng ti n b quan tr ng nh t trong l nh v c ph gia l u bi n, n gip c i thi n tnh l u bi n c a dung d ch s n n c 1 cch ng k B i v c ch lm c c a chng, d n n tn thay th "ch t lm c k t h p So v i cellulose truy n th ng v ch t lm c acrylate, PUR mang n k t qu t t h n trong dng ch y v dn tr i

Cc ch t lm c c hnh thnh b i ph n ng c a 1 disocyanate, diol v 1 thnh ph n k n c, c MW t ng i nh (th ng l 10.000 n 50.000). V d :

Ba thnh ph n c u thnh phn t c th d dng phn bi t nh sau: Phn o n u v cu i l cc chu i hydrocarbon k n c M t vi phn o n a n c Nhm Urethane

Thnh ph n c a phn khc k n c l r t quan tr ng i v i c i m t ng nh t. Y u t quy t nh c a hi u ng t ng nh t l m i phn t ph i c 2 phn o n u v cu i k n c T l gi a phn o n a n c v k n c c ng r t quan tr ng

` -

S hi n di n c a nhm a n c v nhm k n c cho th y m t tnh ch t ho t ng b m t nh t nh, c ng nh hnh thnh cc micelle trong n c v i 1 n ng nh t nh C ch qu trnh t o c c th gi i thch nh sau : Dung d ch cc polymer PUR lm t ng nh t c a n c (y u) Cc Micelle hnh thnh v / ho c hnh thnh cc k t n i gi a cc Micelle (trung bnh) Lin k t v i cc h t nh t ng c s n trong dung d ch ( ng vai tr ch o)

u i m: + Dng ch y v tran u + Alkyd-like rheology + Ch n sng t t +K n c + n nh sinh h c + Reduced Roller spattering + C c tnh ch ng th m (ty thu c vo ph n k n c)
-

Khuy t i m + Khng vng khng t t + Compatibility with glycol- containing tinting pastes
-