Contents

Contents...........................................................................................................................................1
1

 ...............................................................................................................................................4
1. ...................................................................................................................5
1.1. .................................................................................................................5
1.2.- ...................................................................................................................9
2. ....................................................................................25
2.2. ..................................................................................27
3. ..............................................................34
3.1. .......................................................................34
3.2. .......................................................................38
4. .....................................................................................44
5.1. ................................................................................................................................45
5.2. ..............................................................................................................66
5.3. ....................................................................................................78
5.4. ......................................................................................................90
5.5. ..................................................................................................101
6. .....................................................................................................................104
6.1. .....................................................................................104
6.2. ..............................................................106
6.3. ...................................................................108
6.4. ..............................................................114
6.5. .........................................................................................117
6.6. .............................................118
6.7. ........................................................................................128
7. ...............................................................................................................132
7.1. ?..................................................................................................134
7.2.- .............................................................................................135
7.3. ................................................................................................135
7.4. ..................................................138
7.5. .............................................................................................141
7.6. ......................................................................................................................143
7.7. .........................................................................143
8.- ...................................................................................................................147
8.1.- ........................................................................................................147
8.2.... .................................................................................148
9. .........................................................................................................149
9.1. .................................................................................................149
9.2. .........................................................................................151
9.3. ............................................................................................153
9.4. .........................................................................................154

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1993 .

Constitution
Constitution is the rules and
practice that determine the composition and function of the organs of central
Government in a state and regulate the relationship between the individual
and the state -

Constitution
Constitution is the fundamental and organic law of Nation or State
establishing the conception, character, and organization of its government,
as well as prescribing the extent of its sovereign power and the manner of its
exercise













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1923 .

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64 73

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18

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1) (Drafting)
(Drafting)2)
(Deliberation)
(Adoption)
4) (Ratification )
(Deliberation) 3)
3)(Adoption)
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25






-
("ANC")

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/ ( Deliberation )

( Deliberation )



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26









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(Legitimacy)

2.2.






9 (
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1984 . 24/1984 .
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27

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28







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(classification)

5.1.

A sovereign is the supreme lawmaking authority, subject to no

other.

(Internal Soverginty)

45


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1.

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9
1.

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4.

66

5.2.1.





What pleases the ruler is the law.

1.

67

( Limitation of power )


Rule of law puts limits on the
discretionary power of the government, including the power to change
laws.

2.

3.

If the government is to be restricted in its exercise of discretion, the
government has to follow legal procedures that are pre-fixed and preannounced.

68

5.2.2.
1.


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2.

69

...

3.

70





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( Discrpetion)

5.2.3.

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5.2.4.


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(Supremacy Clause)










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(USA)














73






















5.2.5.


-

(supremacy clause)

74




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(Reservation)

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Rule of law
Rule by law
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3.
4.

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5. ?
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77

6. (separation of power) ?
7.
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8.
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5.3.

abuse

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal,
that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights
that among these are the pursuit of happiness-that to secure these
rights, Governments are instituted among men, deriving their just
power from the consent of the governed. '
Taken from 'Declaration of Independence'

78




5.3.1. (classification of rights)
positive and
negative

negative

Positive
(first
generation) (second generation)
(third generation)
...

1

1.
2.
2

79


1/
2/
3/





1/
2/
3/



5.3.2.

80










- 93
18 25
39

5.3.3. (the majority rule

restrained and limited by the rights of the minorities)

81

1.

2.

3.

5.3.4.
9/1/

82


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/


/judicial review/ /mechanism/
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94

}K KU k ` "L KSM"U e}` (Good Governance) U Ke}`

(Governance) }K `T@ c< c=J =I ` cD< `<V <e
<[ T>c<u w ` M:: =I ` KnK< }vu\ SW c<
`<U eSK uK=< T>}K< SeLM::
Governance as a holistic concept is defined as the

totality of the exercise of authority in the management of

the

country's

mechanisms,

affairs

processes,

comprising

the

complete

institutions

through

which

citizens and groups articulate their interests, exercise

their

legal

rights

and

mediate

their

differences.

It

encompasses the political, economic, legal judicial, social

and administrative authority and, therefore, includes the
government, the private sector and the civil society.
uSS] c GXx ed SY (Government) e}` (Governance)
KK<:: SY (Government) SY TeT> pS <' SX] <:: x'
QA }sT Ua SY TeT> SX] <::

e}` (Governance)

`>~ UUu G<@ <:: c}` SY T>vM ` u[u >? Ua

u[ c=J uUv (Autocratic) SY <e e}` K' H@U L q^ <::
uie SY <eU e}` K =V^c= uJ SY <eU e}` K
p` =V^c= <::
=I ` =V^c= Y` ` c= SM"U e}` `
M M < uTe}` [ =T> ' K+" ' e}^ ' TIu^ I
< uvu< T>S\u =G< < ` }< eM uvu< }
v^ T>J<u c^` H> T>v`p c Gdw <::
SM"U e}` Good Governance ` M M < T>S\u "H@
T>SK SJ< KSM"U e}` S` SY K< ` ( The private sector )
c=y=K< T%u[cw (The civil society) < T> K< :: u=IU SW[
< KSM"U e}` Se ^d< T> uvu< vM}<u uK?
95

L< T> <e Kvw uvu G<@ SM"U e}` K KTK MU:: =I
fe~ SM"U e}` M (Poles of Good Governance) U

SM"U

e}` } ( Actors of Good Governance) uSvM nK<::

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KTK LM::
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T>`u u=G< SY eM "L <e u} [ vK< ( Macro Level) w
XJ up} [ ( Micro Level) uT><uU SK U S vM::
eK=I eK SM"U c}` e` u} SW eM L eK}kS< Kcx
U u} [ eKT>< SY SY] u? c^` w XJ uI T<' TeU
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u=IU SW[ SM"U e}` (Good Government) e}` (Government)
T>K< u}c< vI] <:: SM"U c}` u Qw[}cw <e K KTK TEK<
T>vK< a T>}K< <::
1. M uJ U` }ssS SY S`
2. uG<K<U "L Q uL Su`
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4. cw =V^c= Sw Su`
5. M }m Ku c^` Se }.
=I vI] VL AM }v^ c=J< STEL c=M TIu^ }X
[M TK T>K<:: <} TIu^ SX] J< SM"U e}` KSv
T>eM< SS }TEMM TK <::

96

uK?L u<M uc Gdw <] SM"U e}` TK ` w XJ

}K K<:: V %w[}cu< }X e< M:: =I "D SM"U
e}` K+"

K<:: <U <d@ c H> (Decision making

process) T> e}` <:: TIu^ U K<' vIL <d@ e

KA pT eM:: eK=IU SM"U e}` KSY w }} XJ
u L u?}cw Ua e TIu[cw [e T>v[p c Ndw <::
uSM"U e}` c Gdw <e SY UK< K=+"< "L
M M e}` Q "L T>U` c=J K< ` (Private sector)
T>vK< V uTU[ ' v' }.. }sT uM uS K` T>kdkc<
T>SK

c=J =I

}hK S

G<@

(conducive Market

Environment) KT u ` TIu^ ' =T> K+" K=c= L }

K=d\ LK<::
c=y=M T%u[cw Kcx KM M LT }^ u<' TIu^ KUXK?
V TIu^ T }sT uA ^A `' SY MJ< ` vIM
e` Kx "vu= un Kx SdcK< SK K<:: =I %w[}cu<
uT>`< K }K penc= <e Qw[}cu< K }K LA uSd
T>S< a KS

kdkdK<:: u=IU S uM M K+"' =

T>' T%u^ < L uT>c< <d@ uT>< K=c= L

T[ LK<::
eK=IU u ` M M < e}` <e SY c=y=K< T%u[cw
K< ` uSW e}` }K ` (Dimensions of governance) <e
TKU uK+"<' =T>< e}^ T%u^ ` ^d< T>
T>~ c=J SM"U e}` =`U L }kc< fe~ SM"U e}` M
}u=< T>< K=~ vM:: T>upv< T> T>}K< Kw IM
T LM:: K+" G<@ SY} c}` ` (Dimension of Governance)
c=J SY =V^c= Sw T[ }sT~ S` } T> c=
c=y=K< TIu[cw V Qw[}cu< Sw~ =<p uT[ u<K< T> S
u M:: u=T> ` c= SY SW[} MT S` T> c=
97

K< ` V =ye T[' Y^ M S`' < U] Te }. T>

M:: =I vh` e}^ ` u}K V SY e}` "L S`
Y^ c=< K< ` c=y=M TIu[cw V SM"U } SY
MKA =` T[ }. }v^ K<::
uK?L [ c= V SM"U e}` =V^c= M (Structural
component) <:: =IU < KA <e T>\ ^ a K<:: eK=I
u Qw[}cw <e SM"U e}` KSv KT`:1. TIu^ eUU (Social consensus) S`
2. <` S` (Free competition) S`
3. T>c\ Y^ u TIu^ MKA <e SnKM =G<U
4. Q uL ( Rule of law) eMM::
} Se MKA =` T[ } }v^ K<:: uK?L [
c=

V SM"U e}` =V^c= M ( structural component )

<:: =I KA <e T>\ ^ SW[ lUa K:: eK=I u T

%u[cw <e SM"U e}` KSv KT`:1. uSW[ < L eUU S`'
2. <` S`'
3. T>nKK< Y^ u MKA <e SpKM =G<U'
4. I uL eMM&

1.

98



2.



3.



4.


5.

6.

/ /

7.



8.
99

100

/ /

1.

? ?
2.
?
3. 15
?

5.5.

101



11
1.
2.
3.

102

1.


?
?
2.
?
?
3.
?
4. ?
?
( )
?
5. ?
27(5) ...
... ?

103

6.

" "

6.1.

104

 -
(Foederatus)
(bound by treaty) (Foedus)
(Fidere)

17


17 18
... 1721

19



- ..
.
(States) ()
)
... 1789 .

... 1789 . -

()
)
-

... 1787
105

 (United states of America)

1787 13

(Compromise)






(Ironically)
(Compromise)



20
2
1987 .

6.2.

(Organs of government)
&
&

(Separation of powers) -

"
" (Check and
balance)
"
"

106


"
"

(State, regions, etc)
etc)


(Aggregation)
(Political Union)
(Aggregation)
Union)
..
.
"
"



"
" -


Local government
( )
)








(Levels
of government)

/
/ /
/


107






(Amendment
(Amendment
Procedures)
National Consensus
Procedures)






Sub-continent
"
"

196

6.3.

- 1



(legal pluralism)
108

(
()
) /
/ (Co-operative
Federalism)

8
" "
" 8

45-48
8 39


( 6 ) -




/
/
8


-

"

"
-
8
109

 46-47
5 1 "
"
" 46(2)
47

-
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

/
/

7.

8.

9.

- ?
/

-
" "
"

2.

110

1.

3.

/
/

39
47 (2)
47(2)
1

39(1)
"
"
"
39(1) 47 (2)


/

?

" "
" ""
"

111

(Co-operative Federalism)


"







" -



-

-
" "
" 89(4)

112

 - 1
- 1
-

1 45

45 -

8 /
/
9/3/ -

Legal pluralism

196

35(4) (5) (Legal
pluralism)


-

113

6.4.


-
1
45
50/2/
!
! -

!
!
( )
)
&
&
&
& &
&
&
&


&
& /
/
8 /
/
/ /
/
- -

39
-
! /
114

62/7/ /

-
/


/
/ 77
-
-

- 9
50/4-7/

/&
&
-

-

&
&
- 5 /6/
-

&
&

115

 -
- 50/7/ -
/
/ 78/3/ !
! /&
&
/ / / /
/ 78/2/ 80/4//5/

-
50/4/ -

&
& &
& &
&

- 9
-
&
&
-
98 -
1. &
&
&
&
2.
3.

116

52/1/
52/1/ 99 -
/

6.5.
(House)
(House)
Lower House and Upper House

Senate
Senate
!
!




(States, Provinces etc)


.
..
.
1913/
1913/../

.
..
.

1.

2.
117

3.

.
.

... 62
1.
2.
3.

4.

5.
6.
7.

8.
9.

10.
11.

6.6.


118







6.6.1.

6.6.2.

119






39

1.

2.

3.

(Subjective)




( )
)


120

121






(Compromise)


























122


550
20


()
)

.
.

.

.







123

 /





/
/ " &
&

" /

/ /

/

/
/


&
&
/ /

/
/
!
! /

- /
/
/
124

1. /
?
?
2. / ?
? -
- ?
?
3. ?
?
4. ?
?
5. ?
?
6. ?
?
/



6.6.3.







1. "

!
!

125

2. "

"
"

&
&







1.
2. / /
3. /
126

 51/14/






/ 55/16/




/



/ 62

127

/
93/1//
93/1///



?
?

?
?

6.7.

1 .
128

2 .

5.7.1.
K.C. Wheare
(states or provinces)

?
?
?
?
?



-
-
(Co-ordinate to each other)
-

-


(Independent Constitutional Entity)

5.7.2. (IGR under Ethiopia

Federalism)

129





-




















?
?

(Co-operative
130

Federalism) (The New thrend

Intergovernmental relation )




::
::




/










(legislation)

(Legislative frame work)


(co-operative Federalism)
131




- ?
?






-

7.

" "

1.

2.

"
"

3.

"
" "
"

4.

5.

132










-




- !
!

- !
! !

133

7.1. ?
" " - "
"

. (Clarity)






-

. // /Inconsitency/





84(2)
/
83 (1)
(Concrete review)

83(1)

134

 83 (1)
9(1) (2) 251/93

.



85

Judicial
Judicial Review

7.2. -
- -
Formal ,
, "Informal"
"Informal" Non-formal



" -

7.3.
-
?
? ?
?
- /
/ ?
?
/
/ - ?
? ?
?
135


?
? ?
? ?
?

(
( )
)
(Centralized)
(Centralized) (diffused)
(diffused)
(Decentralized)

. - /Decentralized system/
(American Model)





(Subordination)


()
)
( )
)
( )
)
.

/ /
/

!
!
136


/ /
/

/

. - /Centralized System/

()
)

12 16 (Bundsrat)
(Bundsrat) (Bondstag)
- (unjust regime)
( Basic Law)



62(1)
83(1)
/ / /
137

 /
/
82(1)
/ !
!



6
( 82(2))





?
?






8 61

7.4.





138

 83(1)
Abstract
Abstract Review
()
) Objective
Review

250/93
250/93
251/93


2





250
1.
( 21)

139

2.
23

3.
23 (4)








251
250
17(2)



/
!
!
62/1/ "
" "
"

"

" 84/2/

140

 /


/
///
/

84(2)

7.5.
-

251 7 1
2

141



-


251/93 9
12
16 (2)



! -
(Reference of
constitutional issue)
- - / /
/
-- (Presumption of
constitutionality)
- -
(Doctrine of Severability)
- &
& -
(Principle of conformity)
- -
(Principle of
portionationality)
- -
(unit
of the constitution)

142


/
//
/ -

7.6.
// -
-
.
.. 251/93
11

/
//
/
-

(Retroactively)

-

/

7.7.

?
? ?
?

1.

143

2.

61 84


( )
) ""
" -
?
? //
/ ?
?


( 9)
9)
/
23

3

25/88 3





84(1)






144



( )
)
( /
/
)
) 9
()
)


250/93 17(2)

-
/ /
/
- 34/2/
34/2/ ?
(Sole and Exclusive)


9(1)
9(2)
-






13(1)
( )
)

145

/ !
! !

()
)
/
! /
- /
/
(review)

- 251/93
11(1)

!
!
!
! !
!

/
//
/ -

- !
! !
!

- - /
/
- 250/93 - ?
?
- - ?
?
1. ?
2. ?
3.
38
CCI
?
146

8.-

" "

"
"

- - (Revision)
(Revision) (revolution)
(revolution)
-

- !
! !
!/
!
!
- !
!
-
-

8.1. -
- 1. /Initiation/
/Initiation/
2. /Deliberation/
3. /Adoption/
/Adoption/
4. /Ratification/
/Ratification/
-
-

147

/Drafting/
/Drafting/ -
(Intiation)
(Intiation)
-
- -
- -

8.2. ...
- - 104



-


-


-
-
- - !
!


- -

4. 104
?
? ?
?
148

5.

6.

9.

" "

1.
2.
3.

"
"

9.1.


?
?


(Constitutionalism)
Constitutionalism
Constitutionalism is
a belief in the constitution

149


"
"




( )
) The
The Phenomenon of
government conforming to the dictates of a settled constitution is known as
constitutionalism
()
)





Constitutionalism
Constitutionalism emphasizes obedience to constitutional
principles and respect the authority of the fundamental law



"
obedience
obedience

150




?
?

9.2.

?
?








1980 .


1980 . 1981
1981
60
11/80


11/80
11/80

151







-
acknowledging
acknowledging the constitutions
constitutions authority and obeying its
commands do not require that a constitution be in written form, nor is a
written constitution a guarantee that constitutionalism is present

Staying
Staying within constitutional
bounds and obeying the principle of constitutionalism do not require a
written constitution and other legal term since constitutionalism is the
consequence of attitudes and convictions, its presence is assured in one
instance by certain national tradition and in another by still other traditions


"
"

152

9.3.






1987

81(4)

/---

1994 . 126

1/1987 .

(supremacy clause)

153

9.4.


. /

1992 ..
/

4

154


9 27/6/92 /

38
111/87
38/1//


1993 ..1 1 /
251/1993 8



9

/
9

9






8




155

 38



25


39 2 3












111/87 38/1//
38

. /

156

 34/5/

13/1/
9/1/

? ?


39/4/
47


52/2//







62/3/



157



39/5/
39/5/

39/4/ 47/4/

( 47 39 )

158

1.

Arend

Lijphart,

Democracy

in

plural

societies,

Comparative

Exploration, Yele University Press, 1977

2.

Carry and Abraham, Elements of Democratic Government, Oxford

University press, 1964

3.

Ethiopian Law Review, Vol. 1. No.1, 2002

4.

Fasil Nahum, Constitution For a Nation of Nations The Ethiopian

Prospect, The Redsea Press, Inc, 1997

5.

Goldfrey Phillips, Constitutional Law, Long mans, Green and Co. 5 th ed.,
1958

6.

Hadad International Publication, the Eye on Ethiopia, and Horn of Africa,

August 1993

7.

Human Rights wach, The Evil Days, Thirty years of War and Famin in
Ethiopia 1993

8.

Manferd Nowak, UN Covenant on Civil & Political Rights, CCPR

Commentary, 1994

9.

The universal Declaration of Human Rights, A common Standard of

Achievement, Kluwer Law International, 1999

10. Paul and Clapham, Ethiopian Constitutional Development, Haliesllasie

University, Volume 1, 1972
159

11. Paul and Clapham, Ethiopian Constitutional Development, Halilesllasie

University, Volume, 2, 1972
12. P. Allan Dionisopoulos, Tue Government of the United States, Charies
Scribner's Sons, 1970
13. 1215
14. 1689
15. 4 1779 ()
)
16. 27 1789
17. 1923
18. 1945 .
19. 1948 .
20. 2/1980
21. 15 1983
22. 6/1984
23. 24/1984
24. 64/1985
25. 24 1987 .
26. 251/1993

27. 250/1993

160