Busbar Protection

Protection & Contrle / Application

08/02 1 05/02/03

Rev. A JM, September 2004

Without Busbar Protection

F1

F2

Argues
There are fewer faults on busbars than on other parts of the power system. No risk of dislocation of system due to accidental operation of busbar protection.
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2

Without Busbar Protection

F1

F2

Drawbacks
Slow fault clearance. Busbar faults at F1 and F2 are cleared by remote time delayed protection on circuits feeding the faults: Time Delayed Overcurrent or Time Delayed Distance Protection
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With Busbar Protection

BUSBAR ZONE F1

Fast clearance by breakers at the busbars

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With Busbar Protection

BUSBAR ZONE F1 F2

Where busbars are sectionalised, Protection can limit the amount of system disruption for a busbar fault

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With Busbar Protection

1/2
SS 1
87BB 87BB

SS 2

SS 3

21

21

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With Busbar Protection

2/2
87BB 87BB

21

21

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With No Busbar Protection

1/2

21

21

21

21

21

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With No Busbar Protection

2/2

21

21

21

21

21

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With Burbar protection

87BB 87BB

21

21

With No Burbar protection

21

21

21

21
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21
10

Busbar Faults Are Usually Permanent

Causes of Busbar Faults :
Falling debris Insulation failures Circuit breaker failures Current transformer failures Isolators switchs operated on load or outside their ratings Safety earths left connected

Therefore :
Circuit breakers should be tripped and locked out by busbar protection
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Busbar Protection must be :

RELIABLE
Failure to trip could cause widespread damage to the substation

STABLE False tripping can cause widespread interruption of supplies to customers / possible power system instability DISCRIMINATING Should trip the minimum number of breakers to clear the fault FAST To limit damage and possible power system instability

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Methods of Providing Busbar Protection

Frame to Earth (Leakage) Protection
>I

Insulation

Blocking Scheme Protection

>I >I >I >I >I

Differential Protection :

High Impedance Low Impedance

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Frame Leakage Protection

Protection & Contrle / Application
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Rev. A JM, September 2004

14

Frame Leakage Busbar Protection

>I

Insulation

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Frame Leakage Busbar Protection

>I

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Frame Leakage Busbar Protection

>I

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Frame Leakage Busbar Protection

>I

>I

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Frame Leakage Busbar Protection

Can detect only earth faults Switchgear must be insulated from earth (by standing on concrete plinth) Only one single earth conductor allowed on switchgear All cable glands must be insulated Switchgear sections must be insulated

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19

Frame Leakage Busbar Protection Neutral Check

False Operation because induced loop

>I

>I

08/02 2005/02/03

No operation prevents from false trip

20

Frame Leakage Busbar Protection Neutral Check

>I

>I

08/02 2105/02/03

21

Frame Leakage Busbar Protection Neutral Check

>I

>I

08/02 2205/02/03

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Blocking Scheme Protection

Protection & Contrle / Application
08/02 2305/02/03

Rev. A JM, September 2004

23

Blocking Scheme Busbar Protection

>I

>I

>I

>I

>I

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Blocking Scheme Busbar Protection

>I

>I

>I

>I

>I

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Blocking Scheme Busbar Protection

>I

>I

>I

>I

>I

08/02 2605/02/03

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High Impedance Protection

Protection & Contrle / Application
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Rev. A JM, September 2004

27

Single Bus Substation

08/02 2805/02/03

28

Single Bus Substation

P1

S1

P1

S1

P1

S1

P2

S2

P2

S2

P2

S2

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Single Bus Substation

08/02 3005/02/03

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Single Bus Substation

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Single Bus Substation

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Double Bus Substation

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Isolator Auxiliary Switches Current switching

Bus A Bus B

P1 S1 P2 S2 P1 S1 P1 S1 P1 S1 P2 S2 P1 S1

P2

S2

P2

S2

P2

S2

a b

Current

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Isolator Auxiliary Switches Current switching

Bus A Bus B

Current a b

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Isolator Auxiliary Switches Current switching

Bus A Bus B

a b

Current

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Isolator Auxiliary Switches Current switching

Bus A Bus B

a b

Current

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Isolator Auxiliary Switches Current switching

Bus A Bus B

a b

Current

08/02 3805/02/03

38

Isolator Auxiliary Switches Current switching

Bus A Bus B

a b

Current

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Isolator Auxiliary Switches Tripping switching

Bus A Bus B

Tripping a b a Current b

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Interposing CT are not acceptable

Main CT must be identical Current switching via auxilliary relay is not acceptable. Requirement of number of position contact (Disconnector switch) is high

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Isolator Auxiliary Switches Current switching

Bus A Bus B

a Current b

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Isolator Auxiliary Switches Current switching

Bus A Bus B Bus A Bus B

Current

a b

Current

a b

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Isolator Auxiliary Switches On Load Transfer

Bus A Bus B

a Current b

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Isolator Auxiliary Switches On Load Transfer

Bus A Bus B

a Current b

08/02 4505/02/03

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Isolator Auxiliary Switches On Load Transfer

Bus A Bus B

a Current b

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Isolator Auxiliary Switches On Load Transfer

Bus A Bus B

a Current b

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Isolator Auxiliary Switches On Load Transfer

Bus A Bus B

Current a b

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Isolator Auxiliary Switches On Load Transfer

Bus A Bus B

a Current b

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Isolator Auxiliary Switches On Load Transfer

Bus A Bus B

a Current b

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Isolator Auxiliary Switches Check Zone

Bus A Bus B

Trip Bus A
Zone A Zone B
08/02 5105/02/03

Trip Bus B
51

Isolator Auxiliary Switches Check Zone

Bus A Bus B

Trip Bus A False Tripping

Current switching failure

Zone A Zone B

08/02 5205/02/03

Trip Bus B
52

Isolator Auxiliary Switches Check Zone

Bus A Bus B

Trip Bus A
Zone A Zone B

Check Zone
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Trip Bus B

Isolator Auxiliary Switches Check Zone

Bus A Bus B

Trip Bus A
Zone A Zone B
08/02 5405/02/03

Trip Bus B
54

Isolator Auxiliary Switches Check Zone

Bus A Bus B

Trip Bus A Check Zone

08/02 5505/02/03

Trip Bus B
55

One Breaker and a Half Substation

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S1

P1

S2

P2

Bus A
P1 S1 P2 S2 P2 S2 P1 S1

Bus B

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Bus A

Bus B

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Bus A

Bus B

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Bus A

Bus B

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Bus A

Bus B

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Bus A

Bus B

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Bus A
P1 S1 P2 S2 P2 S2 P1 S1

Bus B

P1 S1

P2 S2

P2 S2

P1 S1

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