Burma Constitution (2008) Burmese+English Version

tcef; (1)
Edik if aH wmftajccHrrl sm;tcef;
Chapter ( I )
State Fundamental Principles
tcef; ( 1 )
Ekid if aH wmftajccHrrl sm;
Edik if aH wmfEiS pfh yfvsO;f onhf tajccH&rnhrf rl sm; -

1/ (u) jrefrmEdik if o H nf tcsKyt f jcmtmPmydik f vGwv f yfonfh Edik if jH zpfonf?
(c) Edik if aH wmfukd jynfaxmifpo k r®wjrefrmEdik if aH wmf[k ac:wGirf nf?
(*) Ekid if aH wmfonf wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;aygif;pkw H Ydk pkaygif;aexkid Mf uaom Ekid if H
jzpfonf?
(C) EdkifiHawmf\ tcsKyftjcmtmPmonf EdkifiHom;rsm;xHrS qif;oufNyD;
Edik if aH wmfwpf0ef;vk;H rSmwnfonf?
(i) Edik if aH wmf\ ajrxk? a&xk? avxkyg0ifaom e,ferd w d o f nf Edik if aH wmf
zGUJ pnf;yktH ajccHOya' twnfjzpfonhaf eYwiG f wnf&o dS nft h wdik ;f jzpfonf/
Edik if aH wmf\OD;wnfcsuEf iS pfh yfvsO;f onfh tajccH&rnhrf rl sm; -

2/ Edik if aH wmfonf -
(u) jynfaxmifpk rNyKd uaJG &;?
(c) wdik ;f &if;om; pnf;vk;H nDñw G rf I rNyKd uaJG &;?
(*) tcsKyt f jcmtmPm wnfwchH ikd Nf raJ &;?
(C) ppfreS í f pnf;urf;jynf0h aom ygwDp'Hk rD u kd a&pDpepf xGe;f um;a&;?
(i) Edik if aH wmfü w&m;rQwjcif;? vGwv f yfjcif;ESifh nDrQjcif;wnf;[laom avmu
ygvw&m;rsm; ydrk x
kd eG ;f um;a&;?
(p) Edik if aH wmf\ trsK;d om;Edik if aH &;OD;aqmifrI tcef;u@wGif wyfrawmfu
yg0ifxrf;aqmifEikd af &;wduYk kd tpOfwpdu k f OD;wnfonf/
2
ygwDp'Hk rD u
kd a&pDEiS pfh yfvsO;f onfh tajccH&rnfrh rl sm; -
3/ - Edik if aH wmfonfppfreS í f pnf;urf;jynf0h aom ygwDp'Hk rD u
kd a&pDpepfuu
kd sio
fh ;Hk onf/
Edik if aH wmf zGUJ pnf;wnfaqmufyEHk iS pfh yfvsO;f onfh tajccH&rnfrh rl sm; -

4/ (u) Edik if aH wmfukd jynfaxmifppk epfjzihf zGUJ pnf;wnfaqmufonf?
(c) &S&d if;pGJ wdik ;f (7) wdik ;f udk wkid ;f a'oBu;D (Region) (7) cktjzpfvnf;aumif;?
&S&d if;pGJ jynfe,f (7) jynfe,fukd jynfe,f (State) (7) jynfe,ftjzpf
vnf;aumif; ykid ;f jcm;owfrw S o f nf/ xdk wkid ;f a'oBu;D (7) ckEiS fh jynfe,f
(7) jynfe,fwo Ykd nf tqiht f wef; wlnMD uonf?
(*) xkw d ikd ;f a'oBu;D (7) ckEiS fh jynfe,f (7) jynfe,fw\ Ykd trnfrsm;udk &S&d if;pGJ
twdik ;f ac:qdo k ;Hk EIe;f onf?
(C) wdik ;f a'oBu;D wpfcck \ k trnfujkd zpfap? jynfe,f wpfe,fe,f\ trnfukd
jzpfap ajymif;vJowfrw S vf v kd Qif oufqikd &f mwdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf
jynfe,ftwGi;f aexdik Mf uaom Edik if o H m;rsm;\qE´&,lNy;D Oya'jy|mef;
jcif;jzifh ajymif;vJowfrw S rf nf?
(i) Edik if aH wmfwiG yf g0ifonhf wdik ;f a'oBu;D rsm;? jynfe,frsm;? ud, k yf ikd f tkycf sKycf iG &fh
pD&ifprk sm; ponhf Edik if aH wmf\ e,fajrtydik ;f tjcm;[lorQonf Edik if aH wmfrS
rnfonft h cgrS cGrJ xGu&f /
Ekid if aH wmftcsKyt
f jcmtmPmydik ;f jcm;cGaJ 0jcif;ESiphf yfvsO;f onhf tajccH&rnhrf rl sm; -
5/ (u) Edik if aH wmf tcsKyt f jcmtmPm\ cufrok;H jzmjzpfonhf Oya'jyKa&;tmPm?
tkycf sKyaf &;tmPmESifh w&m;pD&ifa&;tmPmwdu Yk kd wwfEikd o
f rQ ydik ;f jcm;
ok;H pGjJ cif;ESihf tcsi;f csi;f tjyeftvSef xde;f ausmif;jcif;wdYk jyKonf?
3
(c) xko
d yYkd ikd ;f jcm;xm;onfh Edik if aH wmftmPmok;H &yfukd jynfaxmifp?k wdik ;f a'oBu;D
rsm;? jynfe,frsm;ESihf ud,
k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKycf iG &fh pD&ifprk sm;tm; cGaJ 0tyfEiS ;f onf/
Oya'jyKa&;ESipfh yfvsO;f onhf tajccH&rnhrf rl sm; -

6/ (u) Edik if aH wmf\ Oya'jyKa&;tmPmudk jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf? wdik ;f a'oBu;D
vTwfawmfESihf jynfe,fvTwfawmfrsm;tm; cGJa0tyfESif;onf? udk,fydkif
tkycf sKycf iG &fh pD&ifprk sm;tm; Edik if aH wmfzUJG pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'u owfrw S af om
Oya'jyKa&;tmPmudk cGaJ 0tyfEiS ;f rnf?
(c) jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmfwiG f NrKd Ue,fut dk ajccHívnf;aumif;? vlO;D a&ukd
tajccHívnf;aumif; a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufonfh vTwaf wmfwpf&yf? wkid ;f
a'oBuD;rsm;ESifh jynfe,frsm;rS ukd,fpm;vS,fOD;a&wlnDpGm a&G;aumuf
wifajrm§ ufonfh vTwaf wmfwpf&yf? aygif;ESp&f yfyg&So d nf?
(*) wdik ;f a'oBu;D (7) ckwiG f wdik ;f a'oBu;D vTwaf wmf wpf&yfpED iS hf jynfe,f (7)
jynfe,fwiG f jynfe,fvw T af wmfwpf&yfp&D o dS nf?
(C) jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmf? wdik ;f a'oBu;D vTwaf wmfEiS hf jynfe,fvw T af wmfrsm;
wGif vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;tjzpf Edik if aH wmfzUJG pnf;ykt H ajccHOya't&
owfrw S o f nhf OD;a&twdik ;f wyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyu f trnfpm&if;
wifoiG ;f onhf wyfrawmfom;rsm;yg0ifonf?
(i) avsmfuefoifhjrwfonhf vlOD;a&&Sdonfh wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;twGuf
oufqikd &f mwdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fEiS fh ud, k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKycf iG &fh pD&ifpk
Oya'jyKa&;wGif xkw d ikd ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;yg0ifciG &fh o dS nf/
tkycf sKyaf &;ESipfh yfvsO;f onhf tajccH&rnhrf rl sm; -

7/ (u) Edik if aH wmftyk cf sKyaf &; tBu;D tuJonf Ekid if aH wmfor®w jzpfonf?
4
(c) Edik if aH wmftyk cf sKyaf &;tmPmudk jynfaxmifp?k wdik ;f a'oBu;D ESifh jynfe,f
rsm;tm; cGaJ 0tyfEiS ;f onf/ ud, k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKycf iG &fh pD&ifprk sm;tm; ud, k yf ikd f
tkycf sKyaf &;tmPmudk Edik if aH wmfzUJG pnf;ykH tajccHOya't& owfrw S af y;
onft h wdik ;f cGaJ 0tyfEiS ;f rnf?
(*) jynfaxmifp?k wdik ;f a'oBu;D ? jynfe,f? uk, d yf ikd tf yk cf sKycf iG &fh pD&ifpEk iS fh c½dik f
tkycf sKyaf &;wdw Yk iG f umuG,af &;? vkNH cKH a&;? e,fpyftyk cf sKyaf &; ponfh wm0efrsm;
xrf;aqmif&ef wyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyu f trnfpm&if; wifoiG ;f onfh
wyfrawmfom;rsm;yg0ifonf?
(C) txuftyd'k f 6? tyd'k cf JG (i) t& oufqikd &f m wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf
jynfe,fESihf udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf& pD&ifpkOya'jyKa&;wGif udk,fpm;vS,f
yg0ifciG &hf &So d nhf wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d jzpfvQif xdk wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf
jynfe,fESihf udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf& pD&ifpktkyfcsKyfa&;wGif t"dutm;jzihf
xkdwkdif;&if;om; vlrsK;d rsm;a&;&mudk aqmif&u G Ef ikd af &;twGuf wdik ;f &if;om;
vlrsK;d ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm; yg0ifciG jfh yK&efjzpfonf/
w&m;pD&ifa&;ESipfh yfvsO;f onhf tajccH&rnhrf rl sm; -

8/ (u) EdkifiHawmf\w&m;pD&ifa&;tmPmudk jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyf?
wdik ;f a'oBu;D w&m;vTwaf wmfrsm;? jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmfrsm;ESifh ud, k yf ikd f
tkycf sKycf iG &fh pD&ifpw
k &m;½k;H rsm; tygt0if tqihq f ihaf omw&m;½k;H rsm;tm;
cGaJ 0tyfEiS ;f onf?
(c) jynfaxmifpkwGif jynfaxmifpk w&m;vTwfawmfcsKyfwpf&yf xm;&Sdonf?
jynfaxmifpk w&m;vTwaf wmfcsKyo f nf Edik if aH wmf\ tjrihq f ;Hk w&m;½k;H jzpfonf?
(*) jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyfwGif pmcRefawmftrdefYrsm; xkwfydkifcGihf
tmPmrsm; &So d nf?
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(C) wdkif;a'oBuD;wGif wdkif;a'oBuD;w&m;vTwfawmfwpf&yfpDvnf;aumif;?
jynfe,fwikd ;f wGif jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf wpf&yfpv D nf;aumif;xm;&So d nf?
(i) atmufygwdu Yk kd w&m;pD&ifa&;rlrsm;tjzpf owfrw S o f nf -
- Oya'ESit fh nD vGwvf yfpmG w&m;pD&ifa&;?
- Oya't&uefo Y wfcsurf sm;rSty jynfoUl a&SUarSmufwiG f w&m;pD&ifa&;?
- trIrsm;wGif Oya't& ckcaH csycGiEhf iS hf t,lcyH idk cf iG &hf &Sad &;/
wyfrawmfEiS hf pyfvsO;f onfh tajccH&rnfrh rl sm; -

9/ (u) wyfrawmfonf tiftm;awmifhwif;NyD; acwfrDonfh wpfckwnf;aom
wyfrawmfjzpfonf?
(c) wyfrawmfonf wyfyikd ;f qdik &f mudpt ö m;vH;k udk vGwv
f yfpmG pDrcH efcY pJG &D if
aqmif&uG yf ikd cf iG &hf o
dS nf?
(*) wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfonf vufeufudkif wyfzGJUtm;vHk;\
tBu;D tuJjzpfonf?
(C) wyfrawmfonf Edik if aH wmfvNkH cKH a&;ESihf umuG,af &;wGif jynfow l pf&yfv;kH
yg0ifa&;twGuf pDraH qmif&u G cf iG &hf odS nf?
(i) jynfaxmifpk rNydKuGJa&;? wkdif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nDñGwfrI rNydKuGJa&;ESifh
tcsKyftjcmtmPm wnfwHhcdkifNrJa&;wdkYudk umuG,fapmifha&Smuf&ef
wyfrawmfwiG f t"duwm0ef&o dS nf?
(p) wyfrawmfonf Edik if aH wmf zGUJ pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'udk umuG,af pmifah &Smuf&ef
t"du wm0ef&o dS nf/
6
Edik if o
H m;? Edik if o
H m;rsm;\ rlvtcGit
hf a&;? wm0efrsm;ESihf pyfvsO;f onfh tajccH&rnfrh rl sm; -
10/ (u) Edik if o
H m;wdik ;f onf Edik if aH wmf zGUJ pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'wGif owfrw S jf y|mef;xm;
onfh wef;wlnDrQrI tcGifhta&;? vGwfvyfrItcGifhta&;? w&m;rQwrI
tcGit hf a&; ponfwYkd cHpm;cGi&hf rdS nf?
(c) w&m;½H;k \ cGijhf yKcsurf &&Su d Edik if o
H m;wpfO;D udk (24) em&Dxuf ausmv f eG í
f
csKyaf ESmifxm;cGihf r&Sad p&?
(*) jynfow l \
Ydk at;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;wko Yd nf Edik if o
H m;
wdik ;f \ wm0efjzpfonf?
(C) Edik if oH m;rsm;\ vGwv f yfciG ?hf vkyyf ikd cf iG ?hf cHpm;cGi?hf wm0efEiS hf wm;jrpfcsurf sm;
xda&mufcikd rf m jynfph akH p&ef vdt k yfaomOya'jy|mef;rnf/
wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;ESiphf yfvsO;f onfh tajccH&rnfrh rl sm; -

11/ (u) Edik if aH wmfonf wkid ;f &if;om;rsm;\ pum;? pmay? tEkynm? ,Ofaus;rIwu Ykd kd
zGNYH zKd ;wk;d wufap&ef ulnaD qmif&u G rf nf?
(c) Edik if aH wmfonf wkid ;f &if;om;tcsi;f csi;f pnf;vH;k nDñw G af &;? cspMf unfav;pm;
a&;ESihf ½dik ;f yif;ulnaD &;wdYk wd;k wufjzpfxeG ;f ap&ef ulnaD qmif&u G rf nf?
(*) Edik if aH wmfonf wd;k wufzUHG NzKd ;rI enf;yg;aeonfh wkid ;f &if;om;rsm;\ ynma&;?
usef;rma&;? pD;yGm;a&;? vrf;yef;qufoG,fa&; ponfwkdY yg0ifaom
vlrpI ;D yGm;a&; wd;k wufzUHG NzKd ;a&;twGuf ulnaD qmif&u G rf nf/
awmifov
l ,form;rsm;ESiphf yfvsO;f onfh tajccH&rnfrh rl sm; -
12/ (u) EdkifiHawmfonf awmifolv,form;rsm;\ tcGifhta&;rsm; umuG,f
apmifah &Smuf&ef vdt
k yfonfh Oya'rsm;jy|mef;aqmif&u G rf nf?
7
(c) awmifov
l ,form;rsm; pdu k yf sKd ;xkwvf yk o
f nfh aumufyo
J ;D ESrH sm; oifw
h ifh
rQwonfh wefz;kd &&S&d ef ulnaD qmif&u G rf nf/
tvkyo
f rm;rsm;ESiphf yfvsO;f onfh tajccH&rnfrh rl sm; -
13/ Edik if aH wmfonftvkyo f rm;rsm;\ tcGit hf a&;rsm;umuG,af pmifah &Smuf&ef
vdt k yfonfh Oya'rsm;jy|mef;aqmif&u G rf nf/
todynm&Si?f twwfynm&Sirf sm;ESiphf yfvsO;f onfh tajccH&rnfrh rl sm; -

14/ Edik if aH wmfonf todynm&Si?f twwfynm&Sirf sm;\tusKd ;udk ulnaD qmif&u
G f
rnf/
Edik if 0Hh efxrf;rsm;ESiphf yfvsO;f onfh tajccH&rnfrh rl sm; -

15/ (u) Edik if 0hH efxrf;rsm;onf ygwDEikd if aH &;ESihf uif;&Si;f &rnf?
(c) Edik if aH wmfonf Edik if 0hH efxrf;rsm;\ vkyif ef;cGif tmrcHcsu&f &Sad &;? pm;0wfaerI
zlvakH &;? tdraf xmif&iS f trsKd ;orD;0efxrf;rsm; rD;zGm;jcif;qdik &f m tusKd;cHpm;cGihf
&&Sad &;ESihf tNird ;f pm;0efxrf;rsm; pm;0wfaerI oufomacsmifcsad &;wdt Yk wGuf
vdtk yfonfh Oya'rsm;jy|mef;rnf/
trsKd ;om;,Ofaus;rIEiS phf yfvsO;f onft

h ajccH&rnfrh rl sm; -
16/ Edik if aH wmfonf trsK;d om;,Ofaus;rI zGUH jzKd ;wk;d wufcidk rf ma&;ESihf apmifah &Smuf
xde;f odr;f a&;twGuf ulnaD qmif&u G rf nf/
ynma&;? use;f rma&;ESiphf yfvsO;f onft

h ajccH&rnfrh rl sm; -
17/ (u) Edik if aH wmfonf jynforl sm;\ ynma&;ESihf use;f rma&; wd;k wufapa&;wdYk
twGuf tav;xm;aqmif&u G rf nf?
8
(c) Edik if aH wmfonf jynforl sm;\ ynma&;ESihf use;f rma&;wdw Yk iG f wdik ;f &if;om;
jynforl sm;u yg0ifaqmif&u G Ef ikd &f ef vdt
k yfrnfh Oya'jy|mef;aqmif&u G rf nf?
(*) Edik if aH wmfonf tcrJrh oifrae& rlvwef;ynma&;pepf azmfaqmifrnf?
(C) Ekid if aH wmfonf bufpt kH awG;tac: t,ltqrSeu f efí tusipfh m&dwå
aumif;rGefNyD; EdkifiHawmfwnfaqmufa&;twGuf tusKd;jyKrnfh acwfrD
ynma&;pepf azmfaqmifrnf/
pdu
k yf sK;d a&;ESipfh yfvsO;f onfh tajccH&rnfrh rl sm; -
18/ Ekid if aH wmfonf vufrv I ,f,mrS pufrv I ,f,modUk ul;ajymif;Ekid &f ef enf;ynm?
t&if;tES;D ? pufypön;f ? ukeMf urf; tp&So
d nfwUkd udk twwfEikd q
f ;kH jznfq
h nf;rnf/
pufrv
I ufrEI iS pfh yfvsO;f onfh tajccH&rnfrh rl sm; -
19/ Ekid if aH wmfonf pufrv I ufrvI yk if ef;rsm; wd;k wufzUHG NzKd ;a&;twGuf vdt
k yfonfh
enf;ynm? t&if;tES;D ? pufypön;f ? ukeMf urf;tp&So d nfwUkd udk twwfEikd q
f ;kH
jznfq h nf;rnf/
tvkyt
f udik Ef iS pfh yfvsO;f onfh tajccH&rnfrh rl sm; -
20/ Ekid if aH wmfonf jynforl sm; tvkyv f ufrhJ enf;yg;ap&ef wwfEikd o
f rQ ulnaD qmif
&Gurf nf/
rdcif? uav;? tdrk if;rpGr;f olrsm;ESipfh yfvsO;f onfh tajccH&rnfrh rl sm; -

21/ (u) Edik if aH wmfonf rdcifEiS u fh av;oli,frsm;? rdbrJu h av;rsm;? usq;kH aom
wyfrawmfom;rsm;\ uav;rsm;? tdrk if;rpGr;f olrsm;? roefrpGr;f olrsm;tm;
Munf½h aI pmihaf &Smufrnf?
9
(c) Ekid if aH wmfonf roefrpGr;f jzpfvmaom wyfrawmfom;rsm;tm; oihw
f ifh
avsmufywfpGm aexdkifpm;aomufEkdifap&efESihf toufarG;ynmudk
tcvGwo f if,El idk af p&ef pDraH qmif&u
G rf nf/
vli,fEiS pfh yfvsO;f onfh tajccH&rnfrh rl sm; -

22/ Ekid if aH wmfonf vli,frsm; rsK;d csppf w
d "f mwf &Sio
f efxufjrufa&;? tawG;tac:
rSeu
f efa&;ESifh Avig;wef wd;k wufzUHG NzKd ;a&;wdUk twGuf aqmif&u
G rf nf/
bmom omoema&;ESipfh yfvsO;f onfh tajccH&rnfrh rl sm; -

23/ Nird 0f yfyjd ym;a&;ESiafh omfvnf;aumif;? jynfoUl ud, k u
f siw fh &m;ESiafh omf vnf;aumif;?
jynfolUusef;rma&;ESihfaomfvnf;aumif;? EdkifiHawmfzJGUpnf;yHk tajccHOya'yg
tjcm;jy|mef;csuw f Ukd ESiafh omfvnf;aumif; rqefUusiv f Qif Ekid if o
H m;wdik ;f onf bmom
omoema&;wGif vGwv f yfpmG ,lqEkid af om tcGitfh a&;? vGwv f yfpmG ud;k uG,f
aqmufwnfEidk af om tcGit fh a&;wdUk udk tnDtrQ&&S&d rnf/
pD;yGm;a&;ESipfh yfvsO;f onfh tajccH&rnfrh rl sm; -

24/ (u) Ekid if aH wmf\ pD;yGm;a&;pepfonf aps;uGupf ;D yGm;a&;pepf jzpfonf?
( c ) Ekid if aH wmfonf trsK;d om;pD;yGm;a&; wd;k wufzUG NH zKd ;a&;twGuf Edik if aH wmf? a'o
qdik &f mtzGUJ tpnf;rsm;? or0g,rtzGUJ tpnf;rsm;? zufpyftzGUJ tpnf;rsm;?
yk*v ¾ u d ponfh pD;yGm;a&; tiftm;pktm;vH;k udk pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef;rsm;wGif
yg0ifaqmif&u G cf iG jhf yKonf?
( * ) Ekid if aH wmfonf pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef;rsm;wGif w&m;ojzifh ,SONf yKd ijf cif;udk ysujf ym;
ap&ef wpfO;D wpfa,mufujzpfap? tpktzJUG ujzpfap vuf0g;Bu;D tkyaf qmif&u
G rf I
10
odkUr[kwf aps;upm;rIjyKjcif;jzifh trsm;jynfolwdkU\ tusKd;pD;yGm;udk
xdcu kd ef pfemapjcif;rS wm;qD;umuG,rf nf?
(C) Ekid if aH wmfonf trsm;jynfow l Ukd \ aexdik rf t
I qift h wef; jri§ w hf ifa&;ESifh
taxGaxGt&if;tES;D rsm; wd;k wufzUHG NzKd ;a&;wdUk udk a&S;½Iaqmif&u G rf nf?
(i) Edik if aH wmfonf pD;yGm;a&;qdik &f m vkyif ef;rsm;udk Edik if yH ikd f odr;f ,ljcif;rjyK?
(p) Ekid if aH wmfonf w&m;0ifxw k af 0xm;aom aiGaMu;udk w&m;r0ifaiGaMu;
tjzpf owfrw
S jf cif;rjyK/
ajr? a&? av? o,HZmwypön;f ESipfh yfvsO;f onfh tajccH&rnfrh rl sm; -

25/ (u) Ekid if aH wmfonf Ekid if aH wmf&dS ajrtm;vH;k ? ajray: ajratmuf? a&ay: a&atmuf
avxktwGi;f &Sd o,HZmwypön;f tm;vH;k \ yif&if;ydik &f iS f jzpfonf?
(c) Edik if aH wmfonf Edik if yH ikd f o,HZmwypön;f rsm;tm; pD;yGm;a&; tiftm;pkrsm;u
xkw, f ol ;Hk pGjJ cif;udk uGyu f BJ u;D MuyfEikd &f ef vdt k yfonfh Oya'jy|mef;rnf?
(*) Edik if aH wmfonf Edik if o H m;rsm;tm; ypön;f ydik q f ikd cf iG ?hf tarGqufccH iG ?hf ud,
k yf ikd f
vkyu f ikd cf iG ?hf wDxiG cf iG Ehf iS hf rlyikd cf iG w
hf u
Ydk kd Oya'jy|mef;csuEf iS t hf nD cGijhf yKrnf/
a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufjcif;ESiphf yfvsO;f onfh tajccH&rnfrh rl sm; -

26/ (u) Edik if o
H m;wdik ;f onf Oya'ESit
hf nD a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufciG Ehf iS hf a&G;aumuf
wifajrm§ ufcyH ikd cf iG hf &&Srd nf?
(c) a&G;aumufwifajr§mufxm;aom jynfolUudk,fpm;vS,fudk oufqdkif&m
rJqE´&iS rf sm;u Edik if aH wmfzUJG pnf;ykt
H ajccHOya'wGif jy|mef;xm;csurf sm;ESihf tnD
wm0efrjS yefvnf½yk o
f rd ;f cGi&hf o
dS nf/
11
Edik if aH &;ygwDrsm;ESiphf yfvsO;f onfh tajccH&rnfrh rl sm; -
27/ Edik if aH wmfonf ppfreS í
f pnf;urf;jynf0h aom ygwDp'Hk rD u
kd a&pDpepf xGe;f um;a&;
twGuf Edik if aH &;ygwDrsm;udk pepfwuszUJG pnf;Edik &f ef vdtk yfonfh Oya'jy|mef;
aqmif&u G rf nf/
ta&;ay:umvESiphf yfvsO;f onfh tajccH&rnfrh rl sm; -

28/ (u) wdkif;a'oBuD;wpfckwGifjzpfap? jynfe,fwpfe,fwGifjzpfap? udk,fydkif
tkycf sKycf iG &hf pD&ifpw k pfpw k iG jf zpfap tkycf sKyaf &;qdik &f mvkyif ef;rsm;udk Edik if aH wmf
zGUJ pnf;ykH tajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;ESit hf nD aqmif&u G Ef ikd jf cif; r&So
d nfh
ta&;ay:tajctae ay:aygufvQif Edik if aH wmfor®wonf xdk wdik ;f a'oBu;D ?
jynfe,f odrYk [kwf ud, k yf ikd t f yk cf sKycf iG &hf pD&ifp\ k tkycf sKyaf &;qdik &f m tcGihf
tmPmudk ok;H pGaJ qmif&u G cf iG &hf o
dS nf/ xdo k Ykd aqmif&u G &f mü vdt k yfvQif xdk
wdik ;f a'oBu;D ? jynfe,f okUd r[kwf ud, k yf ikd f tkycf sKycf iG &hf pD&ifpEk iS o hf ufqikd o f nfh
Oya'jyKtcGit hf mPmrsm;udk Edik if aH wmf zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'wGif owfrw S f
jy|mef;csurf sm;ESit hf nD Edik if aH wmfor®wu ok;H pGaJ qmif&u G cf iG &fh o dS nf?
(c) wdik ;f a'oBu;D wpfcw k iG jf zpfap? jynfe,fwpfe,fwiG jf zpfap? ud, k yf ikd f tkycf sKycf iG &hf
pD&ifpkwpfpkwGifjzpfap? jynfolrsm;\ touftdk;tdrfpnf;pdrfudk xdyg;
tEÅ&m,fjyKrnfh ta&;ay:tajctaeay:aygufvQif odrYk [kwf ay:ayguf&ef
vkaH vmufaom taMumif;&Sv d Qif xdt k EÅ&m,fukd wyfrawmfonf Edik if aH wmf
zGUJ pnf;ykH tajccHOya'wGif owfrw S jf y|mef;xm;csurf sm;ESit hf nD wm;qD;
umuG,af pmifah &SmufciG &hf o dS nf?
(*) Edik if aH wmf\ tcsKyt f jcmtmPmudk qlyal omif;use;f rI? tMurf;zufrpI aom
t"r®enf;jzifh &,l&efaqmif&u G jf cif;? odrYk [kwf MuKd ;yrf;tm;xkwjf cif;aMumifh
12
jynfaxmifpNk yKd uaJG prnf?h wdik ;f &if;om; pnf;vk;H nDñwG rf NI yKd uaJG prnfh odrYk [kwf
tcsKyf t jcmtmPm vuf v G w f q k H ; ½I H ; aprnh f ta&;ay:tajctae
ay:aygufvQif wyfrawmf umuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyo f nf Edik if aH wmftmPmudk
EdkifiHawmf zGJUpnf;ykH tajccHOya'wGif owfrSwfjy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhtnD
&,lo;Hk pGcJ iG &hf o
dS nf/
Edik if jH cm;a&;ESiphf yfvsO;f onfh tajccH&rnfrh rl sm; -

29/ (u) Edik if aH wmfonf vGwv f yfíwuf<uNy;D bufrvdu k af om Edik if jH cm;a&;0g'udk
usio hf ;Hk onf/ urÇmNh ird ;f csr;f a&;ESihf Edik if t
H csi;f csi;f rdw0f wfrysuaf ygif;zuf
qufqaH &;udk a&S;&Ionf? Edik if t H csi;f csi;f Nird ;f csr;f pGm twl,OS w f aJG exdik af &;
rlrsm;udk apmifx h ed ;f onf?
(c) Edik if aH wmfonf rnfonfEh ikd if u H rdk S pwifusL;ausmf wdu k cf u
kd jf cif;rjyK?
(*) Edik if aH wmftwGi;f rnfonfEh ikd if jH cm;wyfzUJG udrk Q wyfcsciG rhf jyK/
jypfrjI ypf'PfEiS phf yfvsO;f onfh tajccH&rnfrh rl sm; -

30/ (u) rnfonfjh ypfrq I ikd &f mOya'rQ aemufaMumif;jyeftmPm oufa&mufap&ef
jy|mef;cGirhf &Sd ?
(c) vlUodum© ñ§Kd ;EGr;f ao;odraf ponfh jypf'Pfjy|mef;cGirhf &S/d
obm0ywf0ef;usiEf iS phf yfvsO;f onfh tajccH&rnfrh rl sm; -

31/ Edik if aH wmfonf obm0ywf0ef;usiu f kd umuG,x f ed ;f odr;f apmifah &Smufrnf/
taxGaxGjy|mef;csurf sm;ESiphf yfvsO;f onfh tajccH&rnfrh rl sm; -

32/ Edik if aH wmfzUJG pnf;ykt
H ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;udk teuft"dymÜ ,f zGiq
hf jkd cif;?
jynfaxmifpv
k w
T af wmf? wdik ;f a'oBu;D vTwaf wmfrsm;ESihf jynfe,fvw
T af wmfrsm;u
13
jy|mef;onfh Oya'rsm;onfvnf;aumif;? jynfaxmifpk? wdkif;a'oBuD;rsm;?
jynfe,frsm;ESihf ud, k yf ikd tf yk cf sKycf iG &hf pD&ifprk sm;\ tkycf sKyrf qI ikd &f m tmPmydik rf sm;\
aqmif&u G cf surf sm;onf vnf;aumif; Edik if aH wmfzUJG pnf;ykH tajccHOya'ESihf nDñw G rf I
&S?d r&Sd pdppfjcif;? jynfaxmifpEk iS hf wdik ;f a'oBu;D tMum;? jynfaxmifpEk iS hf jynfe,f
tMum;? wdik ;f a'oBu;D tcsi;f csi;f ? jynfe,f tcsi;f csi;f ? wdik ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf
jynfe,fEiS fh ud, k yf ikd tf yk cf sKycf iG &fh pD&ifpt k Mum;? ud, k yf ikd tf yk cf sKycf iG &hf pD&ifpk
tcsi;f csi;f jzpfay:onfh Edik if aH wmfzUJG pnf;ykH tajccHOya'qdik &f m tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;ukd
Mum;emqk;H jzwfjcif;ESihf Edik if aH wmf zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'u tyfEiS ;f onfh tjcm;
wm0efrsm; aqmif&u G jf cif;wdYk jyKEidk &f ef Edik if aH wmfzUJG pnf;ykH tajccHOya'qdik &f m ck½H ;Hk
wpf½;Hk udk zGUJ pnf;rnf/
tcef; (2)
Edik if aH wmfzUJG pnf;wnfaqmufyt
Hk cef;
Chapter (II)
The State Structure

15
tcef; (2)
Edik if aH wmfzUJG pnf;wnfaqmufyHk
1/ Edik if aH wmfukd jynfaxmifppk epfjzihf zGUJ pnf;wnfaqmufonf/

2/ Edik if aH wmfukd atmufyg wdik ;f a'oBu;D (Region) (7) ck? jynfe,f (State) (7) jynfe,f
ESifh jynfaxmifpek ,fajrrsm;jzihf ydik ;f jcm;owfrw
S o
f nf/
- ucsijf ynfe,f?
- u,m;jynfe,?f
- u&ifjynfe,f?
- csi;f jynfe,f?
- ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f a'oBu;D ?
- weoFm&Dwikd ;f a'oBu;D ?
- yJc;l wdik ;f a'oBu;D ?
- rauG;wdik ;f a'oBu;D ?
- rEÅav;wdik ;f a'oBu;D ?
- rGejf ynfe,f?
- &cdik jf ynfe,f?
- &efuek w f ikd ;f a'oBu;D ?
- &Sr;f jynfe,f?
- {&m0wDwikd ;f a'oBu;D ESifh
- jynfaxmifpek ,fajrrsm;/
3/ wdik ;f a'oBu;D ESifh jynfe,ftoD;oD;wdUk onf tqiht

f wef;wlnMD uonf/
16
4/ wdik ;f a'oBu;D wpfcck \
k trnfujkd zpfap? jynfe,fwpfe,fe,f\ trnfujkd zpfap
ajymif;vJ owfrw S vf vkd Qif oufqikd &f m wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,ftwGi;f
aexdik Mf uonhf qE´raJ y;ydik cf iG &fh adS om Edik if o
H m;rsm;\ qE´&,lNy;D Oya'jy|mef;jcif;jzihf
ajymif;vJ owfrw S rf nf/
jynfaxmifpek ,fajrrsm; owfrw S jf cif;
5/ (u) Edik if aH wmf\ NrKd Uawmfjzpfonhf aejynfawmfukd Edik if aH wmfor®w\ wdu k ½f u kd f
tkycf sKyrf aI tmufwiG x f m;&So d nhf jynfaxmifpek ,fajrtjzpf owfrw S of nf/
( c ) Edik if aH wmfumuG,af &;? vkNH cKaH &;? tkycf sKyaf &;? pD;yGm;a&; ponfwUkd ESipfh yfvsO;f Ny;D
xl;jcm;aomtajctae&So d nhf e,fajrrsm;udk jynfaxmifpek ,fajrtjzpf
owfrw S &f ef vdt
k yfvQif Oya'jy|mef;Ny;D Edik if aH wmfor®w\ wdu k ½f u kd t
f yk cf sKyrf I
atmufwiG x f m;&So
d nhf jynfaxmifpek ,fajrtjzpf owfrw S Ef ikd o
f nf/
Edik if aH wmfukd pkpnf;jcif;
6/ Ekid if aH wmfupdk pk nf;jcif;ESiphf yfvsO;f í -
- aus;&Gmrsm;udk aus;&Gmtkypf t k jzpfvnf;aumif;?
- &yfuu G rf sm;udk NrKd U odrYk [kwf NrKd Ue,ftjzpfvnf;aumif;?
- aus;&Gmtkypf Ek iS fh &yfuu G rf sm; odrYk [kwf NrKd Ursm;udk NrKd Ue,ftjzpfvnf;aumif;?
- NrKd Ue,frsm;udk c½dik t f jzpfvnf;aumif;?
- c½dik rf sm;udk wdik ;f a'oBu;D odUk r[kwf jynfe,ftjzpfvnf;aumif;?
- ud, k yf ikd tf yk cf sKycf iG &fh a'owGif xdak 'otwGi;f &Sd Nrd KUe,frsm;udk ud, k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKyf
cGi&fh a'otjzpfvnf;aumif;?
- ud, k yf ikd tf yk cf sKycf iG &fh wdik ;f wGif xdw k ikd ;f twGi;f &Sd NrdKUe,frsm;udk c½dik t f jzpfppk nf;Ny;D
,if;c½dik rf sm;udk ud, k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKycf iG &fh wdik ;f tjzpfvnf;aumif;?
- wdik ;f a'oBu;D wpfck odrYk [kwf jynfe,fwpfe,fwiG f ud, k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKycf iG &fh wdik ;f
odrYk [kwf ud, k yf ikd tf yk cf sKycf iG &fh a'o&Syd gu ud, k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKycf iG &fh wdik ;f ? ud, k yf ikd f
17
tkycf sKycf iG &fh a'oESifh c½dik rf sm;udk wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,ftjzpf
vnf;aumif;?
- wdik ;f a'oBu;D rsm;? jynfe,frsm;ESifh jynfaxmifpek ,fajrrsm;udk Edik if aH wmftjzpf
vnf;aumif; pkpnf;&rnf/
7/ Edik if aH wmfwiG f yg0ifonhf wdik ;f a'oBu;D rsm;? jynfe,frsm;? jynfaxmifpek ,fajrrsm;?
ud, k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKycf iG &fh pD&ifprk sm;ponhf Edik if aH wmf\ e,fajrtydik ;f tjcm;[lorQonf
Edik if aH wmfrS rnfonht f cgrS cGrJ xGu&f /
Edik if aH wmfe,ferd w d jf yifqifjcif;

8/ (u) Edik if aH wmfe,ferd w d uf kd jyifqifowfrw S &f ef vdt
k yfygu Edik if aH wmfor®wonf
jynfaxmifpv k w
T af wmf tBu;D tuJxH Edik if aH wmf e,ferd w d jf yifqifowfrw S af &;
twGuf jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmf\ oabmxm;udk &,lay;yg&ef yxrOD;pGm
taMumif;Mum;&rnf?
(c) Edik if aH wmfe,ferd w d f jyifqifowfrw S af &;twGuf Edik if aH wmfor®w\ taMumif;
Mum;pm &&So d ñht f cg jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf tBu;D tuJonf atmufyg
twdik ;f vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;\ qEúkd &,l&rnf/
(1) wdkif;a'oBuD;rsm;ESihf jynfe,frsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,fOD;a&wlnDpGm
a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufxm;onhf vTwaf wmfwiG yf g&Sad om vTwaf wmf
ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;\ xuf0ufausmf axmufcq H E´r?J
(2) NrKd Ue,fut kd ajccHívnf;aumif;? vlO;D a&udt k ajccHívnf;aumif;
a&G;aumuf wifajrm§ ufxm;onhf vTwaf wmfwiG yf g&Sad om ud, k pf m;vS,f
rsm;\ xuf0ufausmf axmufcq H E´r?J
(3) xdkvTwfawmfESpf&yf&Sd oufqdkif&me,fedrdwfESihf tusKH;0ifaom
wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,frS vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;\
xuf0ufausmf axmufcq H E´r/J
18
(*) txufygtwdik ;f axmufcq H E´rJ toD;oD;&&Sv d Qif Edik if aH wmfe,ferd w d u
f kd
vdt k yfovdk jyifqifowfrw S af y;&ef jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf tBu;D tuJu
Edik if aH wmfor®wxH taMumif;Mum;&rnf?
(C) txufyg owfrw S x
f m;aom enf;vrf;rsm;ESit fh nD vTwaf wmfwpf&yf&yfu
jzpfap? xdkvTwfawmfESpf&yf&Sd oufqdkif&m e,fedrdwfESihf tusKH;0ifaom
wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,frS vTwaf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;ujzpfap
e,ferd w d jf yifqifa&;ESifh pyfvsO;f Ny;D oabmrwlaMumif; qk;H jzwfvQif jynfaxmifpk
vTwaf wmf\oabmxm;udk &,laqmif&u G &f rnf/ jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf
uk, d pf m;vS,pf pk ak ygif;\ av;yko H ;Hk ykEH iS tfh xufu axmufcv H Qif Edik if aH wmf
e,ferd w d u f kd vdtk yfovdk jyifqifowfrw S af y;&ef jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf
tBu;D tuJu Edik if aH wmfor®wxH taMumif;Mum;&rnf?
(i) jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmf\ oabmxm;udk &&So d nht f cg Edik if aH wmfe,ferd w d f
jyifqifowfrw S af &;ESipfh yfvsO;f í Edik if aH wmfor®wu vdt k yfovdk aqmif&u G f
&rnf/
wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fwpfe,f\ e,ferd w d jf yifqifjcif;
9/ (u) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fwpfe,f\ e,ferd w d u f kd jyifqifowfrw S &f ef
taMumif;ay:aygufvmygu ,if;e,ferd w d Ef iS t fh usK;H 0ifonhf NrKd Ue,ftwGi;f
aexdik Mf uaom qE´raJ y;ydik cf iG &fh o dS rl sm;\ qEóabmxm;udk OD;pGmyxr
&,l&rnf?
( c ) ,if;odYk &,lonht f cg ,if;NrKd Ue,ftwGi;f aexdik Mf uonhf qE´raJ y;ydik cf iG &fh o dS l
OD;a&pkpak ygif;\ xuf0ufausmf axmufcq H E´rrJ &vQif ,if;e,ferd w d jf yifqif
owfrw S jf cif;udk aqmif&u G jf cif; vk;H 0rjyK&?
( * ) ,if;NrKd Ue,ftwGi;f aexdik Mf uaom qE´raJ y;ydik cf iG &fh o dS l OD;a&pkpak ygif;\
xuf0ufausmfu e,fedrdwfjyifqifoihfaMumif; axmufcHqE´rJay;vQif
19
,if;e,fedrdwfESihf tusK;H 0ifonhf oufqikd &f m wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf
jynfe,fvw T af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;\ qE´&,l&rnf?
(C) oufqdkif&m wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f
pkpkaygif;\ av;ykHokH;ykHESihftxuf axmufcHqE´rJ&&SdvQif jynfaxmifpk
vTwaf wmf\ oabmwlncD suu f &kd ,lNy;D Edik if aH wmfor®wu wdik ;f a'oBu;D
odrYk [kwf jynfe,fwpfe,f\ e,ferd w d u f kd jyifqifowfrw S af y;&rnf?
(i ) oufqdkif&m wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf wpf&yf&yfu
e,ferd w d jf yifqif&ef oabmrwlaMumif;qk;H jzwfvQif jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf\
tqk;H tjzwfukd &,l&rnf?
( p ) jynfaxmifpk vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f pkpak ygif;OD;a&\ av;yko H ;Hk ykEH iS t
fh xufu
e,ferd w d f jyifqifoihaf Mumif; axmufcq H E´raJ y;vQif Edik if aH wmfor®wu
wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,f\ e,ferd w d uf kd vdt k yfovdk jyifqifowfrw S f
ay;&rnf/
aus;&Gm? aus;&Gmtkypf ?k &yfuu G ?f NrKd U? NrKd Ue,f odrYk [kwf c½dik f e,ferd w d jf yifqifjcif;
10/ oufqdkif&m wdkif;a'oBuD;? jynfe,f? udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf& wdkif; odkYr[kwf
ud, k yf ikd tf yk cf sKycf iG &fh a'otwGi;f ü&Sad om aus;&Gm? aus;&Gmtkypf ?k &yfuu G ?f NrKd U?
NrKd Ue,f odrYk [kwf c½dik ef ,ferd w d rf sm; jyifqif&ef? zGUJ pnf;&ef odrYk [kwf trnf
ajymif;vJ&efay:aygufvQif oufqdkif&mwdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,f
tkycf sKyaf &;tmPmydik u f Edik if aH wmfor®wxH axmufcw H ifjyNy;D Edik if aH wmfor®wu
vdt k yfovdk aqmif&u G af y;&rnf/
ud,
k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKycf iG &fh wdik ;f odrYk [kwf ud, k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKycf iG &fh a'otrnf ajymif;vJjcif;
11/ ud, k yf ikd t f yk cf sKycf iG &fh wdik ;f wpfcck \ k trnfujkd zpfap? ud, k yf ikd tf yk cf sKycf iG &fh a'o
wpfcck \ k trnfujkd zpfapajymif;vJowfrw S v f v kd Qiw f ikd ;f a'oBu;D wpfcck \ k trnfukd
jzpfap? jynfe,fwpfe,fe,f\ trnfujkzd pfap ajymif;vJowfrw S of nhf enf;vrf;twdik ;f
ajymif;vJowfrw S &f rnf/
20
ud,
k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKycf iG &fh wdik ;f ESifh ud, k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKycf iG &hf a'oowfrw S jf cif;
12/ uk, d yf idk t f yk cf sKycf iG &hf wkid ;f ESihf uk, d yf idk t
f yk cf sKycf iG &hf a'orsm;ukd atmufygtwkid ;f
owfrw S o f nf -
(u) ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f &Sd av&S;D NrKd Ue,f? v[,fNrKd Ue,fEiS fh eef;,Ge;f NrKd Ue,fwUkd udk pkpnf;Ny;D
em* ud, k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKycf iG &fh a'o?
( c ) &Sr;f jynfe,f&d S &GmiHNrdKUe,fEiS f h yif;w,Nrd KUe,fwY k dudk pkpnf;Ny;D "Eku, k d yf ik d t f yk cf sKycf iG &f h
a'o?
(*) &Sr;f jynfe,f&dS [kyd ek ;f NrKd Ue,f? qDqikd Nf rKd Ue,fEiS fh yifavmif;NrdKUe,fwu Ykd kd pkpnf;Ny;D
ytd0k ;f ud, k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKycf iG &fh a'o?
(C) &Sr;f jynfe,f&dS erhq f efNrKd Ue,fEiS fh refwNHk rKd Ue,fwu Ykd kd pkpnf;Ny;D yavmifu, kd yf ikd f
tkycf sKycf iG &fh a'o?
(i) &Sr;f jynfe,f&dS uke;f Murf;NrKd Ue,fEiS fh avmufuikd Nf rKd Ue,fwUkd udk pkpnf;Ny;D ud;k uefY
ud, k yf ikd tf yk cf sKycf iG &fh a'o?
(p) &Sr;f jynfe,f&dS [dyk efNrKd Ue,f? rdik ;f armNrKd Ue,f? yef0ikd Nf rKd Ue,f? em;zef;NrKd Ue,f?
rufref;NrKd Ue,fEiS fh yefqef; (yef;crf;) NrKd Ue,f ajcmufNrKd Ue,fwUkd udk c½dik Ef pS cf ½dik f
zGUJ Ny;D ]]0}} ud, k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKycf iG &fh wdik ;f /
tcef; (3)
Edik if aH wmftBu;D tuJtcef;
Chapter (III)
The Head of State

21
tcef; (3)
Edik if aH wmftBu;D tuJ
1/ Edik if aH wmftBu;D tuJonf Edik if aH wmfor®wjzpfonf/

2/ Edik if aH wmfor®wonf Edik if aH wmfukd ud,
k pf m;jyKonf/
3/ Edik if aH wmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEdik if aH wmfwpf0ef;vk;H wGif Edik if o
H m;
tm;vk;H \ txGwt f xdyaf e&m &&So d nf/
Edik if aH wmfor®wESifh 'kw, d or®wrsm;\ t&nftcsi;f rsm;
4/ (u) Edik if aH wmfor®wonf Edik if aH wmfEiS fh Edik if o H m;rsm;tay: opöm&So d jl zpf&rnf?
(c) Edik if aH wmfor®wonf rdrEd iS rfh rd \d rdbESpyf g;vk;H Edik if aH wmf\ tmPmydik ef uf
twGi;f ü arG;zGm;aom wdik ;f &if;om;rSjzpfonhf jrefrmEdik if o H m;jzpf&rnf?
(*) Edik if aH wmfor®wtjzpf a&G;cs,w f ifajrm§ ufjcif;cH&olonf tenf;qk;H touf
45 ESpf jynfNh y;D oljzpf&rnf?
(C) EdkifiHawmfor®wonf EdkifiHawmfta&;t&mrsm;jzpfaom EdkifiHa&;?
tkycf sKyaf &;? pD;yGm;a&;? ppfa&; ponhf tjrifrsm;&S&d rnf?
(i) Edik if aH wmfor®wonf or®wtjzpfa&G;cs,w f ifajrm§ ufc&H onhf tcsed Ef iS fh
wpfqufwnf; tenf;qk;H tESpf (20) Edik if aH wmfwiG f tajccsaexdik cf o hJ l
jzpf&rnf?
(p) EdkifiHawmfor®wonf rdrdudk,fwdkifaomfvnf;aumif;? rdrd\ rdb
wpfyg;yg;aomfvnf;aumif;? rdr\ d ZeD; odrYk [kwf cifyeG ;f aomfvnf;aumif;?
rdr\ d w&m;0ifom;orD; wpfO;D OD;aomfvnf;aumif;? xdw k &m;0if om;orD;
wpfO;D OD;\ ZeD; odrYk [kwf cifyeG ;f aomfvnf;aumif; Edik if jH cm;tpd;k &\
aus;Zl;opömawmfukd cH,al pmihaf &Smuf½akd ool odrYk [kwf Ekid if jH cm;tpd;k &\
vufatmufcjH zpfol odrYk [kwf wdik ;f wpfyg;\ Edik if o H m;jzpforl sm; rjzpfap&?
22
xdo k rl sm;onf Edik if jH cm;tpd;k &\ vufatmufcjH zpfoal omfvnf;aumif;?
wdik ;f wpfyg;\ Edik if oH m;aomfvnf;aumif; cHpm;&aomtcGit fh a&;rsm;ESifh
aus;Zl;cHpm;cGirfh sm;udk cHpm;Edik cf iG &fh o
dS rl sm; rjzpfap&?
(q) Edik if aH wmfor®wonf vTwaf wmfa&G;aumufyüJG a&G;aumufwifajrm§ uf
cHyikd cf iG t
fh wGuf owfrw S xf m;onhf t&nftcsi;f rsm;tjyif Edik if aH wmf
or®wtwGuf oD;jcm;owfrSwfxm;aom t&nftcsif;rsm;ESihfvnf;
jynfph &Hk rnf?
(Z) 'kwd,or®wrsm;onf EdkifiHawmfor®wtwGuf owfrSwfxm;aom
t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESifh jynhpf &Hk rnf/
Edik if aH wmfor®wESifh 'kw, d or®wrsm; a&G;cs,w f ifajrm§ ufjcif;
5/ (u) EdkifiHawmfor®wudk or®wa&G;cs,f wifajr§mufa&;tzGJUjzihf a&G;cs,f
wifajrm§ uf&rnf?
( c ) or®w a&G;cs,w f ifajrm§ ufa&;tzGUJ udk jynfaxmifpk vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f
tpktzGUJ (3) zGUJ jzihf atmufygtwdik ;f zGUJ pnf;&rnf -
(1) wdkif;a'oBuD;rsm;ESihf jynfe,frsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,fOD;a&wlnDpGm
a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufonhf vTwaf wmf&dS a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufjcif;
cH&aom vTwaf wmf ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;tpktzGUJ ?
(2) NrKd Ue,fut kd ajccHívnf;aumif;? vlO;D a&udt k ajccHívnf;aumif;
a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufonhf vTwaf wmf&dS a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufjcif;
cH&onhf vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm; tpktzGUJ ?
(3) azmfjyyg vTwaf wmfEpS &f yftwGuf wyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyu f
trnfpm&if;wifoiG ;f onhf wyfrawmfom; vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f
rsm; tpktzGUJ /
23
(*) ,if;tpktzGUJ wpfzUJG pDu 'kw, d or®w wpfO;D pDukd vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f
rsm;xJrjS zpfap? vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f r[kwo f rl sm;xJrjS zpfap a&G;cs,f
wifajrm§ uf&rnf?
(C) 'kwd, or®wrsm;onf EdkifiHawmfor®wtwGuf owfrSwfxm;onfh
t&nftcsif;rsm;ESihf jynhfpkHjcif; &Sdr&Sdudk jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfESihf
jynfaxmifpv k w
T af wmfwiG f yg0ifaom vTwaf wmfEpS &f yf\ tBu;D tuJrsm;ESifh
'kw, d tBu;D tuJrsm;yg0ifonhf tzGUJ u pdppf&rnf?
(i) jynfaxmifpk vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f m;vk;H yg0ifaom or®w a&G;cs,f
wifajrm§ ufa&;tzGUJ u Edik if aH wmf or®wavmif;rsm;jzpfonhf 'kw, d or®w
(3) OD;teuf rdrw d Ykd BuKd uEf pS o f ufonhf 'kw, d or®w wpfO;D udk Edik if aH wmf
or®wtjzpf qE´raJ y; a&G;cs,w f ifajrm§ uf&rnf?
(p) xdo k Ykd Edik if aH wmfor®w a&G;cs,w f ifajrm§ ufEikd &f ef vdt k yfonhOf ya'udk
jy|mef;ay;&rnf/
Edik if aH wmfor®w odrYk [kwf 'kw, d or®wrsm;\ &mxl;oufwrf;
6/ (u) EdkifiHawmfor®w odkYr[kwf 'kwd,or®wwdkY\ &mxl;oufwrf;onf
(5)ESpjf zpfonf?
( c ) ,if;&mxl;oufwrf; ukeq f ;Hk onht f cg Edik if aH wmfor®wtopf a&G;cs,f
wifajrm§ ufNy;D onht f csed t f xd Edik if aH wmfor®wESifh 'kw, d or®wrsm;onf
rdrw d \ Ykd vkyif ef;wm0efrsm;udk qufvufxrf;aqmif&rnf?
( * ) Edik if aH wmfor®wESifh 'kw, d or®wrsm;onf &mxl;oufwrf;ESpBf urd x f ufyíkd
xrf;aqmifjcif;rjyK&?
(C) Edik if aH wmfor®w odrYk [kwf 'kw, d or®wtjzpf Mum;jzwfwm0ef,&l onhf
umvudk &mxl;oufwrf; wpfc[ k rk owfrw S &f ?
( i ) taMumif;wpf&yf&yfaMumihf Edik if aH wmfor®w odrYk [kwf 'kw, d or®w &mxl;
ae&m vpfvyfonhftwGuf tpm;xdk;a&G;cs,fwifajr§mufygu ,if;
24
Edik if aH wmfor®w odrYk [kwf 'kw, d or®wtopf\ &mxl;oufwrf;onf
rlv&mxl;oufwrf; ukeq f ;Hk onftxdom jzpf&rnf/
7/ Edik if aH wmfor®w odrYk [kwf 'kw, d or®wrsm;onf rnfonhf vTwaf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf S
rjzpfap&/
8/ Edik if aH wmfor®w odrYk [kwf 'kw, d or®wrsm;onf vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,jf zpfvQif
vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrv S nf;aumif;? Edik if 0hH efxrf;jzpfvQif Edik if 0hH efxrf;
tjzpfrS vnf;aumif; Edik if aH wmfor®w odrYk [kwf 'kw, d or®wrsm;tjzpf a&G;cs,f
wifajrm§ ufjcif; cH&onhaf eYrpS í Ekwx f u G Nf y;D odrYk [kwf tNird ;f pm;,lNy;D jzpfonf[k
rSw,f &l rnf/
9/ Edik if aH wmfor®w odrYk [kwf 'kw, d or®wrsm;onf Edik if aH &;ygwDwpfcck \ k tzGUJ 0if
jzpfvQif Edik if aH wmfor®w odrYk [kwf 'kw k ,d or®wrsm;tjzpf a&G;cs,w f ifajrm§ ufjcif;
cH&onhf aeYrSpí rdrdwdkY&mxl;oufwrf;twGif; ,if;ygwDtzGJUtpnf;\
ygwDvyk if ef;rsm;wGif yg0ifaqmif&u G jcf if;rjyK&/
Edik if aH wmfor®wESifh 'kw, d or®wrsm; uwdopömjyKjcif;
10/ Edik if aH wmfor®wESifh 'kw, d or®wrsm; uwdopömjyK&mwGif -
- jynfaxmifpo k r®wjrefrmEdik if aH wmfEiS fh Edik if o H m;rsm;tay: opömapmiho f d
½dak o&ef?
- jynfaxmifprk NyKd uaJG &;? wdik ;f &if;om; pnf;vk;H nDñw G rf rI NyKd uaJG &;? tcsKyt f jcm
tmPmwnfwhH cdik Nf raJ &;wdu Yk kd xm0pOf OD;xdyyf efqifaqmif&u G &f ef?
- EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;ykH tajccHOya'udk xdef;odrf;apmifhod vdkufem½dkaoNyD;
Edik if aH wmf\ Oya'rsm;udv k nf; vdu k ef musio fh ;Hk &ef?
- rdr\ d wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;udk ajzmihrf wfreS u f efpmG ESifh tpGr;f ukeaf qmif&u G &f ef?
- jynfaxmifpo k r®wjrefrmEdik if aH wmfwiG f w&m;rQwjcif;? vGwv f yfjcif;ESifh nDrQjcif;
wnf;[laom avmuygvw&m;rsm; ydrk x kd eG ;f um;a&;twGuf aqmif&u G &f ef?
25
- jynfaxmifpo k r®w jrefrmEdik if aH wmftusK;d iSm Edik if aH wmftm; rdr\ d toufEiS fh
ud,
k uf kd tyfEiS ;f onf[k av;eufwnfMunfpmG aMunmí uwdopömjyK&ef
ponhf oabmrsm;yg&Sad om uwdopömjyKcsurf sm; yg0ifap&rnf/
11/ Edik if aH wmfor®w odrYk [kwf 'kw, d or®wrsm;onf zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'ESifh tjcm;
Oya'rsm;u tyfEiS ;f xm;aom wm0efEiS v fh yk yf ikd cf iG rfh sm;udk usiohf ;Hk xrf;aqmif&rnf/
12/ Edik if aH wmfor®wESifh 'kw, d or®wrsm;onf vpm? p&dw?f aMu;aiG&aom tjcm;
rnfonhf &mxl;udrk Q vufcjH cif;rjyK&/
13/ Edik if aH wmfor®wESifh 'kw, d or®wrsm;onf rdrw d Ukd OD;pD;onhf wpfp;D yGm;wnf;jzpfaom
rdom;pkyikd af jr? tdr?f taqmufttk?H pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef;? pkaiGEiS fh tjcm;tzk d;wefypön;f
rsm;udk wefzdk ;ESiw fh uG pm&if;jyKpNk y;D jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf tBu;D tuJxH ay;yd&Yk rnf/
14/ Edik if aH wmfor®wESifh 'kw, d or®wrsm;onf Oya'jzihf owfrw S xf m;onhvf pm?
p&dwEf iS fh taqmifta,mifrsm; &&Sad p&rnf/ oihw f ihaf vsmufywfonhf tdraf wmf
wpfaqmifpu D vkd nf; &&Sad p&rnf/
15/ Edik if aH wmfor®wESifh 'kw, d or®wonf pGypf jJG ypfwifc&H í &mxl;rS &yfpcJ &H jcif;rSty
wm0efNy;D qk;H ojzihf tem;,lygu tNird ;f pm;vpmESifh oifw h ihaf vsmufywfaom
axmufyrhH rI sm; &&Sad p&rnf/
Edik if aH wmfor®w odrYk [kwf 'kw, d or®wudk pGypf jJG ypfwifEikd jf cif;
16/ (u) Edik if aH wmfor®wudjk zpfap? 'kw, d or®w wpfO;D OD;udjk zpfap atmufyg
taMumif; wpf&yf&yfjzihf pGypf jGJ ypfwifEikd of nf -
(1) Edik if aH wmf\ aus;Zl;opömawmfukd azmufzsujf cif;?
(2) zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;udk azmufzsuu f sL;vGejf cif;?
(3) tusio fh u d m© ysujf ym;jcif;?
(4) zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'wGif jy|mef;xm;aom Edik if aH wmfor®w odrYk [kwf
'kw,d or®w\ t&nftcsi;f ysu, f iG ;f jcif;?
(5) Oya't& ay;tyfaom wm0efrsm;ukd ausyeG pf mG raqmif&u G jf cif;/
26
(c) Edik if aH wmfor®w odrYk [kwf 'kw, d or®w wpfO;D OD;udk pGypf jJG ypfwifvykd gu
jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfwGif yg0ifaom vTwfawmfESpf&yfrS vTwfawmf
wpf&yf&yf\ vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f pkpak ygif;OD;a&teuf tenf;qk;H
av;ykw H pfyu Hk vufrw S af &;xd;k Ny;D rdrw d \Ykd pGypf cJG suu f kd oufqikd &f m
vTwaf wmftBu;D tuJxH wifjy&rnf?
(*) ,if;pGypf cJG suu f kd oufqikd &f m vTwaf wmf\ vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f pkpak ygif;
OD;a&teuf tenf;qk;H ok;H ykEH pS yf u Hk axmufcrH o S m qufvufta&;,l
aqmif&u G &f rnf?
(C) vTwaf wmfwpf&yf&yfu pGypf cJG suu f kd ta&;,laqmif&u G &f ef axmufcv H Qif
tjcm; vTwaf wmfwpf&yfu ,if;pGypf cJG suu f kd pkpH rf;ppfaq;&rnf odrYk [kwf
tzGUJ zGUJ í pkpH rf;ppfaq;ap&rnf?
(i) pGypf cJG suu f kd pkpH rf;ppfaq;onht f cg Edik if aH wmfor®w odrYk [kwf 'kw, d or®w
ud, k w f ikd af omfvnf;aumif;? ud, k pf m;vS,jf zihaf omfvnf;aumif; acsycGifh
ay;&rnf?
(p) pGypf cJG suu f kd pkpH rf;ppfaq;Ny;D onht f cg pGypf cJG suu f kd ppfaq;aom odrYk [kwf
pkpH rf;ppfaq;apaom vTwaf wmf\ vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f pkpak ygif;OD;a&
teuf tenf;qk;H ok;H ykEH pS yf u Hk xdpk yG pf cJG suo f nf rSeu f efNy;D pGypf cJG &H aom
jypfrIonf EdkifiHawmfor®w odkYr[kwf 'kwd,or®wtm; &mxl;wGif
qufvufxrf;&Guaf p&ef roihaf Mumif; qk;H jzwfvQif pGypf cJG &H aom Edik if aH wmf
or®w odrYk [kwf 'kw, d or®wtm; &mxl;rS&yfp&J ef ,if;vTwaf wmfu
jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf tBu;D tuJxH wifjy&rnf?
(q) jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmftBu;D tuJonf wifjycsu&f &Sv d Qif &&Scd si;f pGypf cJG &H
aom Edik if aH wmfor®w odrYk [kwf 'kw, d or®wtm; &mxl;rS&yfpaJ Mumif;
aMunm&rnf/
27
17/ Edikd if aH wmfor®w odrYk [kwf 'kw, d or®w wpfO;D OD;onf rdr\ d &mxl;oufwrf;
rukeq f ;Hk rD qE´tavsmuf Ekwx f u G v f vkd Qif Ekwxf uG cf iG jfh yK&rnf/
vpfvyfonhf Edik if aH wmfor®w odrYk [kwf 'kw, d or®w &mxl;ae&mjznhpf u G jf cif;
18/ (u) Edik if aH wmfor®wonf &mxl;oufwrf; rukeq f ;Hk rD Ekwx f u
G af omaMumihf
jzpfap? uG,v f eG af omaMumihjf zpfap? xm0pOf rpGr;f aqmifEikd af omaMumihf
jzpfap? wpfpw Hk pfcak om taMumif;aMumihjf zpfap Edik if aH wmfor®w&mxl;
ae&mvpfvyfvQif 'kw, d or®wESpOf ;D teuf Edik if aH wmfor®w a&G;cs,f
wifajrm§ ufpOftcgu 'kw, d qE´rJ trsm;qk;H &&So d nhf 'kw, d or®wu
,m,Dor®wtjzpf xrf;aqmif&rnf?
(c) Edik if aH wmfor®w &mxl;ae&m vpfvyfomG ;onht f csed o f nf jynfaxmifpk
vTwaf wmf tpnf;ta0;usi;f yaecsed jf zpfvQif vpfvyfomG ;onhf Edik if aH wmf
or®w&mxl;udk ckepf&uftwGi;f jznfph u G Ef ikd af &;twGuf ,m,Dor®wu
jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf tBu;D tuJxH aqmvsipf mG taMumif;Mum;&rnf?
(*) ,m,Dor®wxHrS taMumif;Mum;pmudk &&So d nht f cg vpfvyfomG ;onhf
Edik if aH wmf or®wudk 'kw, d or®wtjzpf OD;pGm a&G;cs,w f ifajrm§ ufay;cJo h nhf
oufqikd &f m vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm; tpktzGUJ u 'kw, d or®w wpfO;D udk
a&G;cs,w f ifajrm§ ufay;a&;twGuf jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf tBu;D tuJu
aqmif&u G af y;&rnf?
(C) oufqdkif&mvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;tpktzGJUonf 'kwd,or®w
wpfO;D udk a&G;cs,w f ifajrm§ ufNy;D ygu jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,f
tm;vk;H yg0ifonhf or®w a&G;cs,w f ifajrm§ ufa&;tzGUJ u 'kw, d or®w
ok;H OD;teuf rdrw d Ukd BuKd uEf pS o f ufonfh yk*Kd¾ vu f kd Edik if aH wmfor®wtjzpf
a&G;cs,w f ifajrm§ uf&rnf?
28
(i) jynfaxmifpv k w
T af wmf tpnf;ta0;usi;f ycsed rf [kwv f Qif jynfaxmifpk
vTwaf wmftBu;D tuJonf ,m,Dor®wxHrS taMumif;Mum;pm &&So d nfh
aeYrpS í (21) &uf twGi;f jynfaxmifpv k w
T af wmftpnf;ta0;udk ac:,lNy;D
vpfvyfaom Edik if aH wmfor®w a&G;cs,w f ifajrm§ ufEikd af &;twGuf txufyg
enf;vrf;twdik ;f aqmif&u G &f rnf?
(p) 'kw,d or®w wpfO;D OD;onf &mxl;oufwrf;rukeq f ;Hk rD Ekwx f u
G af omaMumihf
jzpfap? uG,vf eG af omaMumihjf zpfap? xm0pOf rpGr;f aqmifEikd af omaMumihf
jzpfap? wpfpwHk pfcak om taMumif;aMumihjf zpfap 'kw, d or®w&mxl;ae&m
vpfvyfvQif jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmf tpnf;ta0;usi;f ycsed f jzpfygu
,if;'kw, d or®wudk a&G;cs,w f ifajrm§ ufay;cJah om vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f
rsm; tpktzGUJ u ckepf&uftwGi;f 'kw, d or®wwpfO;D a&G;cs,w f ifajrm§ uf
ay;a&;twGuf Edik if aH wmfor®wu jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmftBu;D tuJxH
aqmvsipf mG taMumif;Mum;&rnf?
(q) jynfaxmifpv k w
T af wmf tpnf;ta0; usi;f ycsed rf [kwv f Qif jynfaxmifpk
vTwaf wmftBu;D tuJonf Edik if aH wmfor®w\ taMumif;Mum;pm &&So d nfh
aeYrpS í (21) &uf twGi;f jynfaxmifpv k w
T af wmf tpnf;ta0;udk ac:,lNy;D
oufqikd &f mvTwaf wmf ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;tpktzGUJ u 'kw,d or®wwpfO;D udk
a&G;cs,w f ifajrm§ ufay;a&;twGuf owfrw S xf m;onhf enf;vrf;twdik ;f
aqmif&u G &f rnf/
tcef; (4)
Oya'jyKa&;tcef;
Chapter (IV)
Legislature
Oya'jyKa&;qdik &f m zGUJ pnf;rI
Formation of Legislature
29
tcef; (4)
Oya'jyKa&;
Oya'jyKa&;qdik &f mzGUJ pnf;rI

1/ Oya'jyKa&;ESipfh yfvsO;f Ny;D -
(u) Edik if aH wmf\ Oya'jy Ka&;tmPmudk jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf? wdik ;f a'oBu;D
vTwaf wmfrsm;ESifh jynfe,fvw T af wmfrsm;odYk cGaJ 0tyfEiS ;f onf?
( c ) udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&pD&ifpkrsm;tm; EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'u
owfrw S af om Oya'jyKa&;tmPmudk cGaJ 0tyfEiS ;f onf/
2/ vTwaf wmfEpS &f yfEiS phf yfvsO;f Ny;D -
(u) NrdKUe,fudktajccHívnf;aumif;? vlOD;a&udk tajccHívnf;aumif;
a&G;aumufwifajr§mufonhf vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESihf wyfrawmf
umuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyu f trnfpm&if;wifoiG ;f aom wyfrawmfom;vTwaf wmf
udk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzihfzGJUpnf;onhf vTwfawmfudk jynfolYvTwfawmf[k
vnf;aumif;?
( c ) wdik ;f a'oBu;D rsm;ESifh jynfe,frsm;rS OD;a&wlnpD mG a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufonhf
vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;ESifh wyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyu f trnf
pm&if;wifoiG ;f aom wyfrawmfom;vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;jzihf zGUJ pnf;
onhf vTwaf wmfukd trsK;d om;vTwaf wmf[v k nf;aumif; ok;H EIe;f &rnf/
jynfaxmifpvk wT af wmfzUJG pnf;jcif;

3/ jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmfzUJG pnf;jcif;ESipfh yfvsO;f Ny;D jynfaxmifpv
k w
T af wmfwiG f atmufyg
vTwaf wmfEpS &f yfyg0ifonf -
(u) NrdKUe,fudktajccHívnf;aumif;? vlOD;a&udk tajccHívnf;aumif;
a&G;aumufwifajr§mufonhf vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESihf wyfrawmf
30
umuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyu f trnfpm&if;wifoiG ;f aom wyfrawmfom;vTwaf wmf
ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;jzihf zGUJ pnf;onhf jynfov Yl w T af wmf?
(c) wdik ;f a'oBu;D rsm;ESijfh ynfe,frsm;rSO;D a&wlnpD mG a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufonhf
vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;ESifh wyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyu f trnfpm&if;
wifoiG ;f aom wyfrawmfom;vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;jzihf zGUJ pnf;onhf
trsK;d om;vTwaf wmf/
jynfovYl w T af wmfzUJG pnf;jcif;
4/ jynfov Yl wT af wmfzpYJG nf;jcif;ESifh pyfvsO;f Ny;D jynfov Yl w T af wmfudk vTwaf wmfu, dk pf m;
vS,Of ;D a& trsm;qH;k 440 OD;jzihf atmufygtwkid ;f zJUG pnf;&rnf -
(u) NrKd Ue,fut dk ajccHívnf;aumif;? vlO;D a&ukd tajccHívnf;aumif;? NrKd Ue,f
330 xuf ykrd v dk mygu topfzUGJ pnf;onfh NrKd Ue,fukd wpfqufwpfpyfwnf;
jzpfaom oihaf vsmo f nfh NrKd Ue,fwpfcck Ek iS fh yl;aygif;tajccHívnf;aumif;
Oya'ESit fh nD rJqEé,fowfrw S í f a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufonhf 330 OD;
xufrykad om jynfov Yl w
T af wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;?
( c ) wyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyu f Oya'ESit fh nD trnfpm&if;wifoiG ;f onhf
110 OD;xufrykad om wyfrawmfom; jynfov Yl wT af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;/
5/ vTwfawmftoD;oD;\ tBuD;trSL;ESihf 'kwd,tBuD;trSL;wdkYESihfywfoufNyD;
oufqikd &f mvTwaf wmfoufwrf; wpfcpk t D wGuf vTwaf wmfyxrtpnf;ta0;
pwifusif;yonhfaeYwGif vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm; uwdopömjyKEdkif&efESihf
vTwaf wmfOuú|? 'kw, d Ouú| a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufay;&ef usi;f yaom vTwaf wmf
tpnf;ta0;udk Bu;D rSL;Bu;D Muyfay;&rnhf tBu;D trSL;tm; obmywd[v k nf;aumif;?
jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf tBu;D trSL;ESifh 'kw, d tBu;D trSL;udk em,uESihf 'kw, d
em,u[kvnf;aumif;? jynfov Yl w T af wmf? trsK;d om;vTwaf wmf? wdik ;f a'oBu;D
vTwaf wmf odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmftBu;D trSL; ESifh 'kw, d tBu;D trSL;udk Ouú|
ESifh 'kw, d Ouú|[kvnf;aumif; ac:a0:ok;H pG&J rnf/
31
6/ jynfolYvTwfawmfobmywd wifajr§mufjcif;ESihfpyfvsOf;NyD; atmufygtwkdif;
aqmif&uG &f rnf -
(u) jynfolYvTwfawmfoufwrf;wpf&yf\ yxrtBudrf jynfolUvTwfawmf
tpnf;ta0; pwifusi;f yonht f cg jynfov Yl w
T af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,w f pfO;D
tm; obmywdtjzpf wifajrm§ uf&rnf?
( c ) obmywdonf jynfoUl vTwaf wmf a&SUarSmufwiG f uwdopömjyK&rnf?
( * ) obmywdonf jynfolYvTwfawmfOuú|ESihf 'kwd,Ouú| a&G;aumuf
wifajrm§ ufNy;D onftxd jynfoUl vTwaf wmf tpnf;ta0;udk Bu;D MuyfuyG u f J
&rnf/
7/ jynfoUl vTwaf wmfOuú|ESifh 'kw, d Ouú| a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufjcif;ESifh pyfvsO;f Ny;D
atmufygtwkid ;f aqmif&u G &f rnf -
(u) jynfov Yl w
T af wmfwiG f -
(1) jynfov Yl w T af wmf ud,k pf m;vS,rf sm;onf jynfov Yl w T af wmf Ouú|
wpfO;D ESifh 'kw,d Ouú|wpfO;D udk jynfoUl vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;
xJrS a&G;aumuf wifajrm§ uf&rnf?
(2) Ouú| odrYk [kwf 'kw, d Ouú|ae&mvpfvyfvQif teD;uyfq;Hk usi;f y
aom jynfoUl vTwaf wmftpnf;ta0;wGif tpm;xk;d a&G;aumuf
wifajrm§ uf&rnf?
(3) Ouú|onf Ouú|wm0efukd xrf;aqmifEikd pf rG ;f r&So d nht f cg 'kw, d
Ouú|onf Ouú|wm0efukd ,m,Dxrf;aqmif&rnf/
( c ) jynfolUvTwfawmfOuú|ESihf 'kwd,Ouú| a&G;aumufwifajr§muf&ef
enf;vrf;rsm;udk Oya'jzihf owfrw S &f rnf/
32
8/ jynfov Yl w T af wmf Ouú|ESifh 'kw, d Ouú|wd\ Yk wm0efxrf;aqmifjcif;? &yfpjJ cif;
wdEYk iS pfh yfvsO;f Ny;D -
(u) jynfov Yl wT af wmfOuú|ESifh 'kw, d Ouú|wdUk onf aemufwpfBurd f jynfoUl
vTwaf wmfoufwrf; yxrtpnf;ta0; pwifrusi;f yrDtcsed t f xd Ouú|ESifh
'kw, d Ouú|wm0efukd xrf;aqmif&rnf?
(c) jynfoUl vTwaf wmfOuú| odrYk [kwf 'kw, d Ouú|onf Ekwx f u G vf Qijf zpfap?
jynfoUl vTwaf wmf ud, k pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS &yfpjJ cif;cH&vQijf zpfap? jynfoUl
vTwaf wmf ud, k pf m;vS,t f jzpf qufvuf&yfwnfyikd cf iG fh r&Sv d Qijf zpfap? Ouú|
odrYk [kwf 'kw, d Ouú|wm0efrS jynfoUl vTwaf wmf\ ½kyo f rd ;f jcif;udk cH&vQif
jzpfap? uG,v f eG vf Qijf zpfap Ouú| odrYk [kwf 'kw, d Ouú|tjzpfrS &yfpNJ y;D
jzpfap&rnf/
9/ jynfoUl vTwaf wmfOuú|ESifh 'kw, d Ouú|wdUk \ wm0ef? vkyyf ikd cf iG ?fh &ydik cf iG w fh EYkd iS fh
pyfvsO;f Ny;D jynfoUl vTwaf wmfOuú|ESifh 'kw, d Ouú|wdUk \ wm0ef? vkyyf ikd cf iG Efh iS fh
&ydik cf iG rfh sm;udk Oya'jzihf owfrw S af y;&rnf/
10/ jynfoUl vTwaf wmfOuú|ESifh 'kw, d Ouú|wd\ Yk tqihEf iS fh pyfvsO;f Ny;D jynfoUl vTwaf wmf
Ouú|ESifh 'kw, d Ouú|wdUk \ wm0ef? vkyyf ikd cf iG Efh iS fh &ydik cf iG rfh sm;udk Oya'jzihf jy|mef;
onht f cg rSjD irf;jyKEikd af &;twGuf jynfoUl vTwaf wmfOuú|udk 'kw, d or®wtqihf
owfrw S o f nf/ 'kw, d Ouú|udk jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D tqihf owfrw S o f nf/
jynfoUl vTwaf wmfaumfrwDrsm;zGUJ pnf;jcif;
11/ jynfoUl vTwaf wmfwiG f -
(u) jynfoUl vTwaf wmfaumfrwDrsm; zGUJ pnf;jcif;ESifh pyfvsO;f Ny;D -
(1) jynfolUvTwfawmfonf Oya'Murf;aumfrwD? jynfolUaiGpm&if;
aumfrwD? vTwaf wmftcGit hf a&;aumfrwD? tpd;k &\tmrcHcsurf sm;?
uwdrsm;ESifh wm0efccH surf sm; pdppfa&;aumfrwDwu Ykd kd jynfoUl vTwaf wmf
ud,k pf m;vS,rf sm;jzihf zGUJ pnf;&rnf?
33
(2) umuG,af &;ESifh vkNH cKaH &;qdik &f m udprö sm;udv k nf;aumif;? wyfrawmf
qdkif&m udpörsm;udkvnf;aumif; avhvmwifjyap&eftaMumif;
ay:aygufygu jynfoUl vTwaf wmfonf umuG,fa&;ESihf vkHNcKHa&;
aumfrwDukd wyfrawmfom; jynfoUl vTwaf wmf ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;jzihf
umvowfrw S í f zGUJ pnf;&rnf/ xdo k zYkd UJG pnf;onhf umuG,af &;ESifh
vkHNcKHa&;aumfrwDonf vkyfief;vdktyfcsuft& wyfrawmfom;
r[kwfaomoihfavsmfonhf jynfolUvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;
udv k nf; xnho f iG ;f zGUJ pnf;&efvt kd yfygu zGUJ pnf;Edik o f nf?
(3) jynfolUvTwfawmfonf Oya'jyKa&;? tkyfcsKyfa&;? wdkif;&if;om;
vlrsK;d rsm; ta&;? pD;yGm;a&;? b@ma&;? vlraI &;? Edik if jH cm;a&;wdt Yk jyif
tjcm;a&;&mudprö sm;udk avhvmwifjyap&ef vdt k yfygu vTwaf wmf
aumfrwDrsm;udk jynfolUvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzihf umv
owfrw S í
f zGUJ pnf;Edik o f nf?
(4) jynfoUl vTwaf wmfonf jynfoUl vTwaf wmfaumfrwDrsm;\ tzGUJ 0if
OD;a&? wm0ef? vkyyf ikd cf iG ?fh &ydik cf iG Efh iS fh oufwrf;wdu Yk kd owfrw S af y;&rnf?
(5) jynfolYvTwfawmfonf trsKd;om;vTwfawmfESihf ñSdEIdif;&efudpö
ay:aygufvQif jynfolUvTwfawmfESihf trsKd;om;vTwfawmfwdkYrS
ud, k pf m;vS,Of ;D a& wlnpD mG yg0ifaom yl;aygif;aumfrwDwpf&yfukd
zGJUpnf;aqmif&GufEdkifa&;twGuf ,if;aumfrwDwGifyg0ifrnhf
jynfolUvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk a&G;aumuf wifajr§muf
wm0efay;tyfEdkifonf/ yl;aygif;aumfrwD\ oufwrf;onf
oufqikd &f mvTwaf wmfoYkd tpD&ifcpH m wifoiG ;f Ny;D onht f csed t f xd
jzpfonf?
(6) jynfoUl vTwaf wmfEiS fh trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfwo Ykd nf txuftyd'k cf JG (1)ESifh
(2) ygaumfrwDrsm;u aqmif&u G &f rnhu f pd rö sm;rSty taMumif;udpö
34
wpf&yf&yfudk vTwfawmfESpf&yfpvkH;u avhvm&ef&Sdygu ,if;
vT w f a wmf r sm;\ Ouú | rsm;onf tcsif ; csif ; ñS d E I d i f ; í
jynfoUl vTwaf wmfEiS fh trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfwrYkd S ud, k pf m;vS,Of ;D a&
wlnpD mG yg0ifaom yl;aygif; aumfrwDwpf&yfukd zGUJ pnf; aqmif&u G Ef ikd f
onf/ jynfolYvTwfawmfonf xdkaumfrwDwGifyg0ifrnhf jynfolU
vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udk a&G;aumufwifajrm§ uf wm0efay;tyf
Edkifonf/ ,if;yl;aygif; aumfrwD\oufwrf;onf oufqdkif&m
vTwaf wmfoUkd tpD&ifcpH mwifoiG ;f Ny;D onht f csed t f xd jzpfonf/
( c ) jynfoUl vTwaf wmfaumfr&SiEf iS fh tzGUJ rsm; zGUJ pnf;jcif;ESipfh yfvsO;f Ny;D -
(1) jynfov Yl w T af wmfonf jynfoUl vTwaf wmfaumfrwDrsm;u avhvm
aom taMumif;udprö sm;rSty uset f aMumif;udprö sm;udk avhvm&ef
vdt k yfygu aumfr&SiEf iS t fh zGUJ rsm;udk jynfoUl vTwaf wmf ud, k pf m;vS,f
rsm;jzihfvnf;aumif;? oihfavsmfonhf EdkifiHom;rsm; xnhfoGif;í
vnf;aumif; zGUJ pnf;Edik o f nf?
(2) jynfov Yl w T af wmfonf txufygaumfr&SiEf iS fh tzGUJ rsm;udk zGUJ pnf;onhf
tcg ,if;aumfr&Sif odrYk [kwf tzGUJ rsm;\ tzGUJ 0ifO;D a&? wm0ef?
vkyyf ikd cf iG ?fh &ydik cf iG Efh iS fh oufwrf;udyk g owfrw S af y;&rnf/
12/ jynfov Yl w
T af wmfoufwrf;ESifh pyfvsO;f Ny;D jynfoUl vTwaf wmf\ oufwrf;onf
,if;vTwaf wmf\ yxrtBurd t f pnf;ta0; pwifusi;f yonhaf eY&ufrpS í ig;ESpf
jzpfonf/
trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfzUJG pnf;jcif;
13/ trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfzUJG pnf;jcif;ESifh pyfvsO;f Ny;D trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfukd vTwaf wmf
ud,k pf m;vS,Of ;D a& trsm;qk;H 224 OD;jzihf atmufygtwdik ;f zGUJ pnf;&rnf -
(u) ud, k yf ikd tf yk cf sKycf iG &fh wdik ;f odrYk [kwf ud, k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKycf iG &fh a'owpfcpk rD S
ud,k pf m;vS,w f pfO;D pDyg0ifapNy;D oufqikd &f m jynfaxmifpek ,fajrrsm;
35
tygt0if wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fwpfcpk t D wGuf ud, k pf m;vS,f
12 OD;uspD wlnpD mG jzihf a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufonhf trsK;d om;vTwaf wmf
ud,
k pf m;vS,f 168 OD;?
( c ) oufqikd &f m jynfaxmifpek ,fajrrsm;tygt0if wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf
jynfe,fwpfcpk t D wGuf ud, k pf m;vS,af v;OD;uspjD zihf wyfrawmf umuG,f
a&;OD;pD;csKyuf Oya'ESit fh nD trnfpm&if;wifoiG ;f onhf wyfrawmfom;
trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f 56 OD;?
( * ) txuftyd'k cf JG (u) ESifh (c) wGif azmfjyxm;onht f wdik ;f zGUJ pnf;&mwGif
oufqikd &f m jynfaxmifpek ,fajrqdo k nfrmS þzGUJ pnf;yktH ajccH Oya't&
owf r S w f x m;onh f jynf a xmif p k e ,f a jrrsm;onf v nf ; aumif ; ?
jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfu Oya'jy|mef;í owfrw S af om jynfaxmifpk
e,fajrrsm;onfvnf;aumif; trsKd;om;vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f
a&G;aumufwifajrm§ uf&ef udpt ö vdUk iSm tqdyk ge,fajryg0ifco hJ nhf jynfe,f
odrYk [kwf wdik ;f wGijf zpfap? wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fwiG jf zpfap
yg0ifjcif;udq k odk nf/
14/ trsK;d om;vTwaf wmf obmywd wifajrm§ ufjcif;ESifh pyfvsO;f Ny;D -
(u) trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfoufwrf;wpf&yf\ yxrtBurd t f rsK;d om; vTwaf wmf
tpnf;ta0; pwifusi;f yonht f cg trsK;d om;vTwaf wmf ud, k pf m;vS,w f pfO;D
tm; obmywdtjzpf wifajrm§ uf&rnf?
( c ) obmywdonf trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfa&SUarSmufwiG f uwdopömjyK&rnf?
( * ) obmywdonf trsKd;om;vTwfawmfOuú|ESihf 'kwd,Ouú| a&G;aumuf
wifajrm§ ufNy;D onftxd trsK;d om;vTwaf wmf tpnf;ta0;udk Bu;D MuyfuyG u f J
&rnf/
36
15/ trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfOuú|ESifh 'kw, d Ouú| a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufjcif;ESipfh yfvsO;f Ny;D
(u) trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfwiG f -
(1) trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;onf trsK;d om;vTwaf wmf Ouú|
wpfO;D ESifh 'kw, d Ouú|wpfO;D udk trsK;d om;vTwaf wmf ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;
xJrS a&G;aumufwifajrm§ uf&rnf?
(2) Ouú| odrYk [kwf 'kw, d Ouú|ae&mvpfvyfvQif teD;uyfq;Hk usi;f yaom
trsK;d om;vTwaf wmftpnf;ta0;wGif tpm;xk;d a&G;aumufwifajrm§ uf
&rnf?
(3) Ouú|onf Ouú|wm0efukd xrf;aqmifEikd pf rG ;f r&So d nhtf cg 'kw, d Ouú|
onf Ouú|wm0efukd ,m,Dxrf;aqmif&rnf/
( c ) trsKd;om;vTwfawmfOuú|ESihf 'kwd,Ouú| a&G;aumufwifajr§muf&ef
enf;vrf;rsm;udk Oya'jzihf owfrw S &f rnf/
16/ trsKd;om;vTwfawmfOuú|ESihf 'kwd,Ouú|wdkU\ wm0efxrf;aqmifjcif;?
&yfpjJ cif;wdUk ESipfh yfvsO;f Ny;D atmufygtwkid ;f aqmif&u G &f rnf -
(u) trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfOuú|ESifh 'kw, d Ouú|wdUk onf aemufwpfBurd f trsK;d om;
vTwaf wmfoufwrf; yxrtBurd f tpnf;ta0;pwifrusi;f yrD tcsed t f xd
Ouú|ESifh 'kw, d Ouú|wm0efukd xrf;aqmif&rnf?
( c ) trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfOuú| odrYk [kwf 'kw, d Ouú|onf Ekwx f uG v f Qijf zpfap?
trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS &yfpjJ cif;cH&vQijf zpfap? trsK;d om;
vTwaf wmf ud, k pf m;vS,t f jzpf qufvuf&yfwnfyikd cf iG fh r&Sv d Qijf zpfap? Ouú|
odkYr[kwf 'kwd,Ouú|wm0efrS trsKd;om;vTwfawmf\ ½kyfodrf;jcif;udk
cH&vQijf zpfap? uG,v f eG v f Qijf zpfap Ouú| odrYk [kwf 'kw, d Ouú|tjzpfrS &yfpNJ y;D
jzpfap&rnf/
37
17/ trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfOuú|ESifh 'kw, d Ouú|wdUk \ wm0ef? vkyyf ikd cf iG ?fh &ydik cf iG rhf sm;ESifh
pyfvsO;f Ny;D trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfOuú|ESifh 'kw, d Ouú|wdUk \ wm0ef? vkyyf ikd cf iG Efh iS fh
&ydik cf iG rfh sm;udk Oya'jzihf owfrw S af y;&rnf/
18/ trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfOuú|ESi'fh w k ,d Ouú|wdUk \ tqihEf iS pfh yfvsO;f Ny;D trsK;d om;
vTwaf wmfOuú|ESifh 'kw, d Ouú|wdUk \ wm0ef? vkyyf ikd cf iG Efh iS fh &ydik cf iG rfh sm;udk Oya'jzihf
jy|mef;onht f cg rSjD irf;jyKEikd af &;twGuf trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfOuú|udk 'kw, d or®w
tqiho f wfrw S o
f nf/ 'kw, d Ouú|udk jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D tqihf owfrw S o
f nf/
trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfaumfrwDrsm; zGUJ pnf;jcif;
19/ trsKd;om;vTwfawmfaumfrwDrsm; zGJUpnf;jcif;ESihfpyfvsOf;NyD; atmufygtwkdif;
aqmif&u G &f rnf -
(u) trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfonf Oya'Murf;aumfrwD? jynfoUl aiGpm&if;aumfrwD?
vTwfawmftcGifhta&;aumfrwD? tpdk;&\tmrcHcsufrsm;? uwdrsm;ESihf
wm0efccH surf sm; pdppfa&;aumfrwDwu Ykd kd trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f
rsm;jzihf zGUJ pnf;&rnf?
( c ) umuG,af &;ESifh vkNH cKaH &;qdik &f mudprö sm;udv k nf;aumif;? wyfrawmfqikd &f m
udpörsm;udkvnf;aumif; avhvmwifjyap&eftaMumif;ay:aygufygu
trsK;d om; vTwaf wmfonf umuG,af &;ESifh vkNH cKaH &;aumfrwDukd wyfrawmfom;
trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;jzihf umvowfrw S í
f zGUJ pnf;&rnf/ xdo k Ykd
zGUJ pnf;onhf umuG,af &;ESifh vkNH cKaH &;aumfrwDonf vkyif ef; vdt k yfcsut f &
wyfrawmfom;r[kwaf om oihaf vsmo f nhf trsK;d om; vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f
rsm;udv k nf; xnho f iG ;f zGUJ pnf;&ef vdt k yfygu zGUJ pnf;Edik o f nf?
( * ) trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfonf Oya'jyKa&;? tkycf sKyaf &;? wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;
ta&;? pD;yGm;a&;? b@ma&;? vlraI &;? Edik if jH cm;a&;wdt Yk jyif tjcm;a&;&m
38
udpörsm;udk avhvmwifjyap&efvdktyfygu vTwfawmfaumfrwDrsm;udk
trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;jzihf umvowfrw S íf zGUJ pnf;Edik o f nf?
(C) trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfonf trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfaumfrwDrsm;\tzGUJ 0ifO;D a&?
wm0ef? vkyyf ikd cf iG ?fh &ydik cf iG Efh iS fh oufwrf;wdu Yk kd owfrwS af y;&rnf?
( i ) trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfonf jynfoUl vTwaf wmfEiS fh ñSEd idI ;f &efupd ö ay:ayguf
vmvQif trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfEiS fh jynfoUl vTwaf wmfwrYkd S ud, k pf m;vS,Of ;D a&
wlnpD mG yg0ifaom yl;aygif;aumfrwDwpf&yfukd zGUJ pnf;aqmif&u G Ef ikd af &;twGuf
,if;aumfrwDwGifyg0ifrnhf trsKd;om;vTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk
a&G;aumufwifajr§muf wm0efay;tyfEdkifonf/ yl;aygif;aumfrwD\
oufwrf;onf oufqdkif&mvTwfawmfodkY tpD&ifcHpmwifoGif;NyD;onhf
tcsed tf xd jzpfonf?
( p ) trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfEiS fh jynfoUl vTwaf wmfwo Ykd nf txuftyd'k cf JG (u) ESifh
(c) yg aumfrwDrsm;u aqmif&u G &f rnhuf pd rö sm;rSty taMumif;udpö wpf&yf&yf
udk vTwfawmfESpf&yfpvkH;uavhvm&ef&Sdygu ,if;vTwfawmfrsm;\
Ouú|rsm;onf tcsif;csif;ñSdEIdif;í trsKd;om;vTwfawmfESihf jynfolU
vTwaf wmfwrYkd S ud, k pf m;vS,Of ;D a& wlnpD mG yg0ifaom yl;aygif;aumfrwD
wpf&yfukd zGUJ pnf;aqmif&u G Ef ikd o f nf/ trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfonf xdak umfrwD
wGiyf g0ifrnhf trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udk a&G;aumufwifajrm§ uf
wm0efay;tyfEikd o f nf/ ,if;yl;aygif;aumfrwD\ oufwrf;onf oufqikd &f m
vTwaf wmfoUkd tpD&ifcpH mwifoiG ;f Ny;D onhf tcsed t f xdjzpfonf/
20/ trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfaumfr&SiEf iS fh tzGUJ rsm; zGUJ pnf;jcif;ESipfh yfvsO;f Ny;D atmufyg twkid ;f
aqmif&u G &f rnf -
(u) trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfonf trsK;d om;vTwaf wmf aumfrwDrsm;u avhvmaom
taMumif;udprö sm;rSty uset f aMumif;udprö sm;udk avhvm&efvt kd yfygu
aumfr&SifESihftzGJUrsm;udk trsKd;om;vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzih f
39
vnf;aumif;? oihaf vsmo f nhEf ikd if oH m;rsm; xnhof iG ;f ívnf;aumif; zGUJ pnf;
Edik of nf?
( c ) trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfonf txufygaumfr&SiEf iS fh tzGUJ rsm;udk zGUJ pnf;onhf tcg
,if;aumfr&Sif odrYk [kwf tzGUJ rsm;\ tzGUJ 0ifO;D a&? wm0ef? vkyyf ikd cf iG ?fh &ydik cf iG Efh iS fh
oufwrf;udyk g owfrw S af y;&rnf/
21/ trsK;d om;vTwaf wmf\ oufwrf;ESipfh yfvsO;f Ny;D trsK;d om;vTwaf wmf\ oufwrf;
onf jynfolYvTwfawmf\oufwrf;ESihftnDjzpfonf/ jynfolUvTwfawmf\
oufwrf;ukeq f ;Hk aomaeYwiG f trsK;d om;vTwaf wmf\ oufwrf;onfvnf; ukeq f ;Hk
onf/
jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf em,uESifh 'kw, d em,uwdUk \ wm0efxrf;aqmifjcif;
22/ jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmf em,uESifh 'kw, d em,uwdUk \ wm0efxrf;aqmifjcif;ESifh
pyfvsO;f Ny;D -
(u) jynfolUvTwfawmfoufwrf;wpfck pwifonhfaeU&ufrS vaygif; 30
jynfah jrmufonhaf eY&uftxd trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfOuú|ESifh 'kw, d Ouú|wdUk
onf jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf em,uESihf 'kwd,em,uwm0efudkyg
xrf;aqmif&rnf/ useo f ufwrf;umvtwGuf jynfoUl vTwaf wmfOuú|ESifh
'kwd,Ouú|wdkUonf jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfem,uESihf 'kwd,em,u
wm0efuykd g xrf;aqmif&rnf?
( c ) jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmfem,uonf em,uwm0efukd xrf;aqmifEikd pf rG ;f r&Sd
onht f cg 'kw, d em,uonf em,uwm0efukd ,m,Dxrf;aqmif&rnf/
wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf zGUJ pnf;jcif;
23/ wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf zGUJ pnf;jcif;ESipfh yfvsO;f Ny;D wdik ;f a'oBu;D
odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfukd atmufygtwdik ;f zGUJ pnf;&rnf -
(u) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,frsm;wGif NrKd Ue,fwpfNrKd Ue,fvQif ESpOf ;D uspD
a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufonhf wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf
ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;?
40
( c ) wdik ;f a'oBu;D rsm;wGif xdw k ikd ;f a'oBu;D &&SNd y;D aom odrYk [kwf xdw k ikd ;f a'oBu;D
twGi;f ud, k yf ikd t f yk cf sKycf iG &fh pD&ifp&k &SNd y;D aom wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;rSty
usew f ikd ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;teuf avsmu f efoihjf rwfaom vlO;D a&jzpfonfh
Edik if aH wmf&v dS Ol ;D a& pkpak ygif;\ okn 'or wpf (0.1) &mcdik Ef eI ;f ESifh txuf
&Sad Mumif; oufqikd &f muowfrw S af om wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d toD;oD;u vlrsK;d
wpfrsK;d vQiw f pfO;D uspD a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufonhf wdik ;f a'oBu;D vTwaf wmf
ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;?
( * ) jynfe,frsm;wGif xdjk ynfe,f&&SNd y;D aom odrYk [kwf xdjk ynfe,ftwGi;f ud, k yf ikd f
tkycf sKycf iG &fh pD&ifp&k &Sd Ny;D aom wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;rSty usew f ikd ;f &if;om;
vlrsK;d rsm;teuf avsmu f efoihjf rwfaom vlO;D a&jzpfonfh Edik if aH wmf&dS vlO;D a&
pkpak ygif;\ okn 'or wpf (0.1) &mcdik Ef eI ;f ESifh txuf&adS Mumif; oufqikd &f m
u owfrw S af om wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d toD;oD;u vlrsK;d wpfrsK;d vQif wpfO;D uspD
a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufonhf jynfe,fvw T af wmf ud,k pf m;vS,rf sm;?
(C) tyd'k cf JG (u) ESifh (c) odrYk [kwf tyd'k cf JG (u) ESifh (*) wdt Yk & a&G;aumuf
wifajrm§ ufonhf vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,pf pk ak ygif;\ ok;H ykw H pfyEHk iS n hf rD Qaom
wyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyu f Oya'ESit fh nD trnfpm&if;wifoiG ;f onhf
wyfrawmfom; wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;/
24/ wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfobmywd wifajrm§ ufjcif;ESipfh yfvsO;f Ny;D
(u) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf oufwrf;wpf&yf\ yxrtBurd f
wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmftpnf;ta0; pwifusi;f yonhf
tcg wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,w f pfO;D tm;
obmywdtjzpf wifajrm§ uf&rnf?
( c ) obmywdonf wdik ;f a'oBu;D odUk r[kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfa&SUarSmufwiG f
uwdopömjyK&rnf?
41
( * ) obmywdonf wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfOuú|ESifh 'kw, d
Ouú| a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufNy;D onftxd wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,f
vTwaf wmftpnf;ta0;udk Bu;D MuyfuyG u f &J rnf/
25/ wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfOuú|ESifh 'kw, d Ouú|wdUk a&G;aumuf
wifajrm§ ufjcif;ESipfh yfvsO;f Ny;D atmufygtwkid ;f aqmif&u G &f rnf -
(u) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfwiG f -
(1) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;onf
wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfOuú| wpfO;D ESifh 'kw, d Ouú|
wpfOD;udk oufqdkif&mvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;xJrS a&G;aumuf
wifajrm§ uf&rnf?
(2) Ouú| odrYk [kwf 'kw, d Ouú| ae&mvpfvyfvQif teD;uyfq;Hk usi;f y
aom vTwaf wmftpnf;ta0;wGif tpm;xd;k a&G;aumufwifajrm§ uf
&rnf?
(3) Ouú|onf Ouú|wm0efukd xrf;aqmifEikd pf rG ;f r&So d nht f cg 'kw,
d Ouú|
onf Ouú|wm0efukd ,m,Dxrf;aqmif&rnf/
( c ) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfOuú|ESifh 'kw, d Ouú| a&G;aumuf
wifajrm§ uf&efenf;vrf;rsm;udk Oya'jziho f wfrw S &f rnf/
26/ wdik ;f a'oBu;D vTwaf wmf odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf Ouú|ESifh 'kw, d Ouú| wm0ef
xrf;aqmifjcif;? &yfpjJ cif;wdUk ESipfh yfvsO;f Ny;D -
(u) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfOuú|ESifh 'kw, d Ouú|wdUk onf
aemufwpfBurd f wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf oufwrf; yxr
tBurd tf pnf;ta0;pwifrusi;f yrDtcsed t f xd Ouú|ESifh 'kw, d Ouú| wm0efukd
xrf;aqmif&rnf?
( c ) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfOuú| odrYk [kwf 'kw, d Ouú| onf
EkwfxGufvQifjzpfap? wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf
udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS &yfpJjcif;cH&vQifjzpfap? wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf
42
jynfe,fvw T af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,t f jzpf qufvuf&yfwnfyikd cf iG fh r&Sv d Qif jzpfap?
Ouú| odrYk [kwf 'kw, d Ouú|wm0efrS wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,f
vTwaf wmf\ ½kyo f rd ;f jcif;cH&vQijf zpfap? uG,v f eG v f Qijf zpfap Ouú| odrYk [kwf
'kw, d Ouú|tjzpfrS &yfpNJ y;D jzpfap&rnf/
27/ wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf Ouú|ESifh 'kw, d Ouú|wdUk \ wm0ef?
vkyyf ikd cf iG ?fh &ydik cf iG rhf sm;owfrw S jf cif;ESipfh yfvsO;f Ny;D wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,f
vTwaf wmfOuú|ESifh 'kw, d Ouú|wdUk \ wm0ef? vkyyf ikd cf iG Efh iS &fh ydik cf iG rfh sm;udk Oya'jzihf
owfrw S af y;&rnf/
28/ wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf Ouú|ESifh 'kw, d Ouú|wdUk \ tqihEf iS fh
pyfvsO;f Ny;D wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf Ouú|ESifh 'kw, d Ouú|wdUk \
wm0ef? vkyyf ikd cf iG Efh iS &fh ydik cf iG rfh sm;udk Oya'jzihjf y|mef;onht f cg rSjD irf;jyKEikd af &;twGuf
wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfOuú|udk jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D tqihf
owfrw S o f nf/ 'kw, d Ouú|udk wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D tqihf
owfrw S o f nf/
wdik ;f a'oBu;D vTwaf wmf odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfaumfrwDrsm;? tzGUJ rsm; zGUJ pnf;jcif;
29/ wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfaumfrwDrsm;? tzGJUrsm;
zGUJ pnf;jcif;ESipfh yfvsO;f Ny;D atmufygtwkid ;f aqmif&uG &f rnf -
(u) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfonf zGUJ pnf;ykt
H ajccHOya't&
tyfESif;xm;onhf Oya'jyKa&;? wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm; ta&;t&mrsm;udk
avhvmwifjyEdik af pa&;twGuf vdt k yfonhtf cg aumfrwDEiS t fh zGUJ rsm;udk
oufqikd &f m wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf ud,k pf m;vS,rf sm;jzihf
zGUJ pnf;Edik o
f nf?
43
( c ) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfonf txufygaumfrwDEiS fh
tzJUG rsm;wGif oihaf vsmo f nhf Edik if o H m;rsm;udk xnho f iG ;f zJUG pnf;Edik of nf?
( * ) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfonfaumfrwDESihftzJGYrsm;udk
zJUG pnf;onht f cg ,if;aumfrwD odrYk [kwf tzJUG rsm;\ tzJUG 0ifO;D a&? wm0ef?
vkyyf ikd cf iG ?fh &ydik cf iG Efh iS fh oufwrf;udyk g owfrw S af y;&rnf/
wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf\ oufwrf;owfrw S jf cif;
30/ wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf\ oufwrf;owfrw S jf cif;ESifh pyfvsO;f Ny;D
wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf\oufwrf;onf jynfoYl vTwaf wmf\
oufwrf;ESit fh nD jzpfonf/ jynfoUl vTwaf wmf\ oufwrf;ukeq f ;Hk aomaeYwiG f
wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf\ oufwrf;onfvnf; ukeq f ;Hk onf/
jynfoUl vTwaf wmf? trsKd ;om;vTwaf wmfEiS fh wkid ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,f vTwaf wmf
ud,
k pf m;vS,w f \
Ykd wm0ef? vkyyf ikd cf iG ?fh &ydik cf iG rfh sm; owfrw S jf cif;
31/ jynfoUl vTwaf wmf? trsKd ;om;vTwaf wmfEiS fh wkid ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,f
vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fwdkY\wm0ef? vkyfydkifcGihf? &ydkifcGihfrsm;ESihfpyfvsOf;NyD;
jynfoUl vTwaf wmf? trsKd ;om;vTwaf wmfEiS fh wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,f
vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fwdkY\ wm0ef? vkyfydkifcGihfESihf&ydkifcGihfrsm;udk Oya'jzihf
owfrw S &f rnf/
jynfoUl vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;\ t&nftcsi;f owfrw S jf cif;
32/ jynfoUl vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;\ t&nftcsi;f owfrw S jf cif;ESipfh yfvsO;f Ny;D
atmufygt&nftcsi;f rsm;ESifh jynfph o kH ol nf jynfoUl vTwaf wmfoYkd vTwaf wmf
ud, k pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufcyH ikd cf iG &fh o dS nf -
(u) touf 25 ESpjf ynfNh y;D ol?
( c ) Edik if o H m;rdbESpyf g;rSarG;zGm;aom Ekid if o H m;jzpfo?l
44
(*) jynfoUl vTwaf wmfu,
kd pf m;vS,t
f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufc&H onht
f csed Ef iS fh
wpfqufwnf; jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if aH wmfwiG f tenf;qH;k 10 ESpf tajccs
aexdik cf ohJ ?l
>cif;csu/f Edik if aH wmf\cGijfh yKcsujf zihf Edik if jH cm;odYk w&m;0ifomG ;a&mufonhf
umvrsm;udv k nf; Ekid if aH wmfwiG f tajccsaexkid cf o hJ nhu
f mv
tjzpf xnfo
h iG ;f a&wGu&f rnf/
(C) a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufjcif;qdik &f m Oya'wGio f wfrw S x
f m;onhf t&nftcsi;f
rsm;ESifh jynhpf okH /l
jynfoUl vTwaf wmf ud, k pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufcyH idk cf iG fh r&Sjd cif;
33/ jynfoUl vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufcyH idk cf iG rfh &So d rl sm;ESifh
ywfoufNyD; atmufygyk*d¾Kvfrsm;onf jynfolUvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf
a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufcyH idk cf iG rhf &Sad p& -
(u) jypfrw I pfcck u
k kd usL;vGeo f jzihf oufqikd &f mw&m;½H;k \ jypfrx
I if&mS ;pD&ifjcif;cH&í
axmif'PfuscaH e&ol?
( c ) Edik if aH wmfzUGJ pnf;yHt k ajccHOya' tmPmrwnfru D jzpfap? tmPmwnfNy;D rS
jzpfap jynfoUl vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f &nftcsi;f ysu, f iG ;f aponhjf ypfrjI zihf
jypf'Pf csrSwfcH&jcif;twGuf jynfolUvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf
a&G;aumufwifajrm§ uf cHyikd cf iG rfh &Sad Mumif; oufqidk &f mu owfrw S of nhf umv
ukeq f ;kH jcif;r&Sad o;ol?
( * ) pd w f a ygh o G y f o nf [ k ouf q d k i f & mOya'u jy|mef ; xm;onh f t wd k i f ;
owfrw S jf cif;cH&ol?
(C) vlrt GJ jzpf oufqidk &f mw&m;½H;k \ aMunmcHxm;&jcif;rS vGwaf jrmufciG fh
r&ao;ol?
45
( i ) Edik if jH cm;tpd;k &\ aus;Zl;opömudk cH,al pmihaf &Smuf ½dak ool odrYk [kwf Edik if jH cm;
tpd;k &\vufatmufcjH zpfol odrYk [kwf wdik ;f wpfyg;\ Ekid if o H m;jzpfo?l
( p ) Edik if jH cm;tpd;k &\ vufatmufcjH zpfol aomfvnf;aumif;? wdik ;f wpfyg;\
Edik if o H m;aomfvnf;aumif; cHpm;&aom tcGit fh a&;rsm; odrYk [kwf aus;Zl;
cHpm;cGirfh sm;udk cHpm;Edik cf iG &fh o dS ?l
(q) Edik if jH cm;wdik ;f jynfwpfcck \ k tpd;k & odrYk [kwf bmoma&;tzJUG tpnf; odrYk [kwf
tjcm;tzJUG tpnf;rsm;rS aiGaMu;? ajr? tdr?f taqmufttH?k ,mOf? ypön;f
ponfwu Ykd kd wduk ½f u kd jf zpfap? oG,0f ukd af omenf;jzihjf zpfap taxmuftyH&h ,l
oH;k pJo G l odrYk [kwf ,if;odYk taxmuftyHh &,lo;kH pJo G nhf tzJUG tpnf;0ifjzpfo?l
( Z ) EdkifiHa&;udpötwGufbmoma&;udktaMumif;jyKí qE´rJay;&efaomf
vnf;aumif;? qE´rrJ ay;&efaomfvnf;aumif;ajymqdjk cif;? a[majymjcif;?
aMunmcsux f w k jf yefjcif;ESifh ,if;odjYk yKvyk &f ef tm;ay;vIUH aqmfjcif;jyKol
odrYk [kwf ,if;odjYk yKvyk o f nhf tzJUG tpnf;0ifjzpfo?l
( p s ) omoemh0efxrf;?
(n) Edik if 0hH efxrf;?
>cif;csu/f ,if;pum;&yfonf wyfrawmfom; vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;
ESifh roufqidk af p&/
( # ) Edik if aH wmf ydik af iGaMu;? ajr? tdr?f taqmufttH?k ,mOf? ypön;f ponfwu Ydk kd
wkduf½dkufjzpfap? oG,f0dkufaomenf;jzifhjzpfap &,loHk;pGJol odkYr[kwf
,if;od&Yk ,lo;kH pJo G nhf tzJUG tpnf;0ifjzpfo?l
>cif;csu/f (1) Edik if aH wmfyikd f aiGaMu;[laom pum;&yfwiG f tNird ;f pm; vpm?
p&dw?f aiGaMu;aomfvnf;aumif;? Ekid if aH wmftusKd ; twGuf
aqmif & G u f o jzih f Ek d i f i H a wmf u w&m;0if a xmuf y H h
cs;D jri§ x fh m;aom vpm? p&dw?f aiGaMu;aomfvnf;aumif;
ryg0if?
46
(2) Edik if aH wmfyikd f ajr? tdr?f taqmufttH?k ,mOf? ypön;f
[laompum;&yfwiG f Oya'wpf&yf&yft&aomfvnf;aumif;?
wm0eft&aomfvnf;aumif; Ekid if aH wmfu oH;k pJcG iG jfh yKxm;
aom odrYk [kwf Edik if aH wmfxrH S tcaMu;aiGjzihf iSm;&rf;
oH;k pJaG om Edik if aH wmfyikd f ajr? tdr?f taqmufttHEk iS fh tcef;
rsm;? tjcm;taqmufttHkESihftcef;rsm;? EkdifiHawmfydkif
av,mOf? &xm;? oabFm? armfawmf,mOf? ypön;f ponfrsm;
ryg0if/
( X ) Edik if aH wmfzUGJ pnf;yHt k ajccHOya' tmPmrwnfru D jzpfap? tmPm wnfNy;D rS
jzpfap jynfolUvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f t&nftcsif;ysuf,Gif;aponhf
a&G;aumufyq GJ ikd &f m w&m;rJjh yKusirhf u I sL;vGejf cif;aMumihf odrYk [kwf a&G;aumufyGJ
qdik &f mOya'ESit fh nD aqmif&u G &f efysuu f u G jf cif;aMumihf jynfoUl vTwaf wmf
ud,
k pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufcyH ikd cf iG rfh &Sad Mumif; oufqidk &f mu
owfrw S xf m;onhu f mv ukeq f ;kH jcif; r&Sad o;ol/
wyfrawmfom; jynfoUl vTwaf wmf ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;\ t&nftcsi;f owfrw S jf cif;
34/ wyfrawmfom; jynfoUl vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;\ t&nftcsi;f ESifh pyfvsO;f Ny;D
jynfolUvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;tjzpf wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfu
Oya'ESihftnD trnfpm&if;wifoGif;aom wyfrawmfom;rsm;onf jynfolU
vTwaf wmf ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;twGuf owfrw S x f m;onhf t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESifh
jynhpf &kH rnf/
trsdK;om;vTwaf wmf ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;\ t&nftcsi;f owfrw S jf cif;
35/ trsdK;om;vTwaf wmf ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;\ t&nftcsi;f owfrw S jf cif;ESihf pyfvsO;f Ny;D
trsdK;om;vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;onf -
47
(u) touf 30 ESpjf ynfNh y;D olrsm;jzpf&rnf?
( c ) toufuefYowfcsufrSty jynfolUvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;tjzpf
a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufcyH ikd cf iG &fh adS om t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESijfh ynhpf &kH rnf?
( * ) jynfoUl vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufcyH ikd cf iG fh r&Sd
apaom jy|mef;csurf sm;ESiv fh nf; oufqikd af p&rnf/
wyfrawmfom; trsK;d om;vTwaf wmf ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;\ t&nftcsi;f owfrw S jf cif;
36/ wyfrawmfom; trsdK;om;vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;\ t&nftcsi;f ESipfh yfvsO;f Ny;D
trsdK;om;vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;tjzpf wyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyu f
Oya'ESit fh nD trnfpm&if;wifoiG ;f onhf wyfrawmfom;rsm;onf trsKd ;om;
vTwaf wmf ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;twGuf owfrw S x f m;onhf t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESifh
jynfph &kH rnf/
wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;\ t&nftcsif;
owfrw S jf cif;
37/ wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;\ t&nftcsi;f
owfrSwfjcif;ESihfpyfvsOf;NyD; wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf
ud,k pf m;vS,rf sm;onf -
(u) jynfoUl vTwaf wmf ud, k pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufcyH ikd cf iG &fh adS om
t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESifh jynhpf &kH rnf?
( c ) jynfolUvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr§mufcHydkifcGihf
r&Sad paom jy|mef;csurf sm;ESiv fh nf; oufqikd af p&rnf/
48
wyfrawmfom; wkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;\
t&nftcsi;f owfrw S jf cif;
38/ wyfrawmfom; wkid ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf ud,k pf m;vS,rf sm;\
t&nftcsi;f ESipfh yfvsO;f Ny;D wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf ud, k pf m;
vS,rf sm;tjzpf wyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyu f Oya'ESit fh nD trnfpm&if;
wifoiG ;f onhf wyfrawmfom;rsm;onf wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf
ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;twGuf owfrw S x
f m;onhf t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESijfh ynhpf &kH rnf/
Oya'jyKa&;qkid &f m tmPmcGaJ 0rI
Sharing of Legislative Power

49
Oya'jyKa&;qdik &f mtmPmcGaJ 0rI
1/ Ekid if aH wmfumuG,af &;ESiv hf NHk cKaH &;u@
jynfaxmifpOk ya'jyKpm&if;
(u) jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if aH wmfEiS hf jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if aH wmf\ e,fajr
tpdwtf ydik ;f rsm;umuG,af &;? ,if;odu
Yk muG,af &;twGuf pDrjH yifqifjcif;?
(c) umuG,af &;ESihf vHjk cKH a&;qdik &f m pufrv I ufrv
I yk if ef;rsm;?
(*) ZD0ESi"hf mwkponfh vufeufrsm;tygt0if vufeufc, J rf;rD;ausmufrsm;ESihf
aygufuaJG pwwfonfyh pön;f rsm;?
(C) tPkjrLpGr;f tif? tPkjrLavmifpm? tPkjrLa&mifjcnfEiS hf ,if;wku Yd kd jzpfxeG ;f
apaom"mwfowåKyif&if;tajctjrpfrsm;?
(i) ppfaMunmjcif;ESihf ppfajyNird ;f jcif;?
(p) Edik if aH wmfwnfNird af &;? at;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;?
(q) &JwyfzUJG /
2/ Ekid if jH cm;a&;u@
jynfaxmifpOk ya'jyKpm&if;
(u) oHwrefa&;&m? aumifppfa&;&mESihf tjcm;a&;&mqdik &f mud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;?
(c) ukvor*¾?
(*) tjynfjynfqikd &f m? a'oqdik &f mESihf ESpjf ynfaxmifqikd &f mnDvmcHrsm;? aqG;aEG;yGJ
rsm;? tpnf;ta0;rsm;? toif;rsm;ESihf tjcm;tzJUG tpnf;rsm;wGif yg0if
aqmif&u G af &;ESihf ,if;wdUk \ qH;k jzwfcsurf sm;udk txajrmufapa&;?
(C) tjynfjynfqikd &f mESihf a'oqdik &f mpmcsKyrf sm;? oabmwlncD surf sm;? uGeAf if;
&Si;f rsm;? ESpjf ynfaxmifqikd &f m oabmwlncD surf sm;? pmcsKyrf sm;udk csKyq
f akd &;ESihf
txajrmufapa&;?
50
(i) Edik if u H ;l vufrw S rf sm;ESihf rnforl nf0gjzpfaMumif; oufaocHvufrw S rf sm;?
(p) jynf0ifciG Ahf ZD m? jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if t H wGi;f okUd 0ifciG jhfyKa&;? aexdik f cGijhfyKa&;?
Ekid if rH x S uG cf mG cGijhf yKa&;? vl0ifrBI u;D Muyfa&;ESihf jynfEiS 'f Pfay;a&;?
(q) jypfru I sL;vGeo f t l m; oufqikd &f mEdik if o H Udk jyefvnfvt JT yfay;a&;ESihf oufqikd &f m
Ekid if rH aS wmif;qdak &;/
3/ b@ma&;ESiphf rD u
H ed ;f u@
(u) jynfaxmifpOk ya'jyKpm&if;
(1) jynfaxmifpt k &toH;k cefUrSe;f ajcaiGpm&if;?
(2) jynfaxmifpb k @m&efyakH iG?
(3) aiGpuúLxkwv f yk af &;? '*Fg;oGe;f vkyaf &;?
(4) jrefrmEkid if aH wmfA[db k PfEiS hf aiGa&;aMu;a&;tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;?
(5) Edik if jH cm;oH;k aiGxed ;f odr;f Bu;D Muyfa&;?
(6) t&if;tES;D ESiahf iGaMu;aps;uGu?f
(7) tmrcHvyk if ef;?
(8) 0ifaiGceG ?f
(9) ukeo f ,G v
f yk if ef;cGe?f
(10) wHqyd af cgif;cGe?f
(11) taumufceG ?f
(12) atmifbmavxD?
(13) tcGet f ,lcjH cif;?
(14) jynfaxmifp\ k 0efaqmifrv I yk if ef;rsm;?
51
(15) jynfaxmifpkydkifypönf;rsm; a&mif;csjcif;? iSm;&rf;jcif;ESifh
tjcm;enf;jzifh aqmif&u G jf cif;?
(16) jynfaxmifpb k @m&efyakH iGrsm; xkwaf cs;jcif;?
(17) jynfaxmifpb k @m&efyakH iGrsm; &if;ES;D jrK§ yEf jHS cif;?
(18) jynfwiG ;f jynfyrS aiGacs;,ljcif;?
(19) jynfaxmifpt k wGuyf pön;f &,ljcif;?
(20) jynfyrS aiGaMu;tultnDEiS hf taxmuftyh?H
(21) trsKd ;om;pDru H ed ;f ?
(22) pm&if;ppfwrf;aumuf,jl cif;?
(23) trsKd ;om;rSww f rf;ESiahf rmfueG ;f ?
(24) &if;ES;D jrK§ yEf rHS ?I
(25) pm&if;ppfaq;jcif;/
(c) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odUk r[kwf jynfe,fOya'jyKpm&if;
(1) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,ft&toH;k cefUrSe;f ajcaiGpm&if;?
(2) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odUk r[kwf jynfe,fb@m&efyakH iG?
(3) ajr,mcGe?f
(4) ,pfrsdK;cGef (rl;,pfaq;0g;ESihf pdwu f akd jymif;vJapwwfonfh aq;0g;
rsm;ryg)?
(5) taqmufttHEk iS hf ajrcGe?f a&cGe?f vrf;rD;cGe?f bD;cGepf onfh pnfyif
om,ma&;qkid &f mtcGet f crsm;?
(6) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odUk r[kwf jynfe,frsm;\ 0efaqmifrv I yk if ef;rsm;?
(7) wkid ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fyikd yf pön;f rsm; a&mif;csjcif;?
iSm;&rf;jcif;ESihf tjcm;enf;jzifah qmif&u G jf cif;?
52
(8) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fb@m&efyaHk iGrsm; jynfwiG ;f ü
xkwaf cs;jcif;?
(9) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fb@m&efyaHk iGrsm; jynfwiG ;f ü &if;ES;D
jrK§ yEf jHS cif;?
(10) a'oEÅ&pDru H ed ;f ?
(11) tao;pm;aiGacs;vkyif ef;?
4/ pD;yGm;a&;u@
(1) pD;yGm;a&;?
(2) ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;?
(3) or0g,r?
(4) aumfyakd &;&Si;f ? bkwt f zGUJ ? vkyif ef;? ukrP Ü ?D tpkpyf?
(5) oGif;ukef? xkwfukefESihf,if;ukefypönf;rsm;\ t&nftaoG;
owfrw S jf cif;?
(6) [dw k ,fEiS w fh nf;cdck ef;?
(7) c&D;oGm;vma&;vkyif ef;/
( c ) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odUk r[kwf jynfe,fOya'jyKpm&if;
(1) jynfaxmifpu k jy|mef;onfOh ya'ESit fh nD wdik ;f a'oBu;D odUk r[kwf
jynfe,ftwGi;f aqmif&u G o f nfh pD;yGm;a&;udprö sm;?
(2) jynfaxmifpu k jy|mef;onfOh ya'ESit fh nD wkid ;f a'oBu;D odUk r[kwf
jynfe,ftwGi;f aqmif&u G o f nfh ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;udprö sm;?
(3) jynfaxmifpu k jy|mef;onfOh ya'ESit fh nD wdik ;f a'oBu;D odUk r[kwf
jynfe,ftwGi;f aqmif&u G o f nhf or0g,rudprö sm;/
53
5/ pku
d yf sK;d a&;ESiahf rG;jrLa&;u@
(1) ajr,mpDrcH efUcGrJ ?I
(2) ajrvGw?f ajrvyfEiS fh ajr½dik ;f rsm;azmfxw k jf cif;?
(3) aMu;wdik Ef iS fh ajrpm&if;?
(4) ajrwdik ;f ?
(5) jynfaxmifpu k pDrcH efUcGo J nfh qnfajrmif;? wmwrHEiS fh pdu k yf sKd ;a&
&&Sad &;vkyif ef;rsm;?
(6) rd;k av0o? ZvaA'ESifh ajrivsiw f ikd ;f wma&;?
(7) pmcsKypf mwrf;rSwyf w kH ifjcif;?
(8) pufrv I ,f,m?
(9) pdu k yf sKd ;a&;okawoe?
(10) "mwfajrMoZmESiyfh ;kd owfaq;xkwv f yk af &;?
(11) yifv,fig;vkyif ef;?
(12) wd&pämefrsKd ;yGm;a&;? a&m*gumuG,af &;? ukoa&;ESifh okawoe
vkyif ef;rsm;/
(c) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fOya'jyKpm&if;
(1) v,f,mpdu k yf sKd ;a&;?
(2) tyifEiS o fh ;D ESzH suyf ;kd rTm;a&m*gumuG,af &;ESifh ESrd ef if;a&;?
(3) "mwfajrMoZm pepfwusoHk;pGJa&;ESihf obm0ajrMoZmrsm;
pepfwus xkwv f yk f oH;k pGaJ &;?
(4) pdu k yf sKd ;a&;acs;aiGEiS fh pkaiGrsm;?
54
(5) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fupDrcH efUcGcJ iG &fh adS om qnfajrmif;?
wmwrH? a&uef? a&Ekwaf jrmif;ESifh pduk yf sKd ;a& &&Sad &;vkyif ef;rsm;?
(6) a&csKd ig;vkyif ef;?
(7) jynfaxmifpu k jy|mef;onhf Oya'ESit fh nD wd&pämefarG;jrLa&;ESifh
pepfwus xde;f ausmif;a&;/
6/ pGr;f tif? vQypf pf? owåKEiS hf opfawmu@

(1) a&eH? obm0"mwfaiGUESihf jynfaxmifpOk ya't& ab;tEÅ&m,f
jzpfavmufatmif avmifuRr;f apwwfonf[k owfrw S x f m;
aom tjcm;t&nftcJ ponfrsm;?
(2) jynfaxmifpk vQypf pf"mwftm; xkwv f yk jf zefUjzL;a&;?
(3) owåKrsm;? owåKwiG ;f rsm;? owåKwiG ;f tvkyo f rm;ab;uif;a&;?
obm0ywf0ef;usix f ed ;f odr;f a&;ESihf jyefvnfjyKjyifwnfaqmuf
a&;?
(4) ausmufrsu&f wem?
(5) ykv?J
(6) opfawm?
(7) awm½kid ;f wd&pämefrsm;? obm0tyifrsm;ESihf obm0e,fajrrsm;
tygt0if ywf0ef;usiu f muG,af &;ESihf xde;f odr;f a&;/
(c) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fOya'jyKpm&if;
(1) jynfaxmifpu k pDrcH efcY cJG iG &hf o
dS nfh tBu;D pm;vQypf pf"mwftm;
xkwv f yk jf zefjY zL;a&;rSty r[m"mwftm;vkid ;f ESihf qufo, G jf cif;
r&Sad om wkid ;f a'oBu;D odUk r[kwf jynfe,fu pDrcH efcY cJG iG &hf o dS nfh
tvwfpm;ESihf tao;pm;vQypf pf"mwftm; xkwv f yk jf zefjY zL;a&;?
55
(2) qm;ESiq hf m;xGuyf pön;f ?
(3) wkid ;f a'oBu;D odUk r[kwf jynfe,ftwGi;f ausmufrsu&f wem
jzwfawmufjcif;? aoG;jcif;?
(4) aus;&Gmxif;pku d cf if;?
(5) tyef;ajzpcef;rsm;? wd&pämefO,smOf? ½kua© A'O,smOf/
7/ pufrv
I ufru
I @
(1) jynfaxmifpt k qihu f aqmif&u G rf nfh pufrv I yk if ef;rsm;?
(2) pufrZI ek rf sm;?
(3) xkwv f yk of nfyh pön;f rsm;twGuf tajccH pHcsed f pHñeT ;f rsm;?
(4) odyEHÜ iS efh nf;ynm? odyEHÜ iS efh nf;ynmqdik &f mokawoe?
(5) tav;wif;awmif;? twdik ;f twm ponfwUkd udk pHjyKjcif;?
(6) rlydkifcGihfrsm; (Copyrights)? wDxGifrIrlydkifcGihfrsm; (Patents)?
uket f rSwf wHqyd rf sm; (Trademarks)? pufrq I ikd &f m'DZikd ;f rsm;
(Industrial Designs) ponfh todÓPfqdkif&mypönf;rsm;
(Intellectual Properties)/
(c) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odUk r[kwf jynfe,fOya'jyKpm&if;
(1) jynfaxmifpt k qihu f aqmif&u G &f ef owfrw S xf m;onhf pufrI
vkyif ef;rsm;rSty tjcm;pufrv I yk if ef;rsm;?
(2) tdrw f iG ;f pufrv I ufrv I yk if ef;rsm;/
56
8/ ydUk aqmifa&;? qufo, G af &;ESihf aqmufvyk af &;u@
(1) jynfwiG ;f a&aMumif;o,f,yl Ukd aqmifa&;?
(2) a&aMumif;vrf;rsm;jyKjyifxed ;f odr;f a&;?
(3) a&t&if;tjrpfEiS fh jrpfacsmif;rsm; zGUH NzKd ;wd;k wufa&;?
(4) yifv,fa&aMumif;o,f,yl aYkd qmifa&;?
(5) yifv,fu;l oabFmqdyu f rf;Bu;D rsm;?
(6) rD;jywdu k ?f rD;jyoabFmESifh rD;jytpDtrHrsm;?
(7) oabFmwnfaqmufa&;? jyifqifxed ;f odr;f a&;?
(8) avaMumif;o,f,yl aYkd qmifa&;?
(9) avaMumif;yso H ef;a&;? xde;f odr;f a&;ESifh av,mOfuiG ;f wnfaqmuf
a&;?
(10) uke;f vrf;o,f,yl aYkd qmifa&;?
(11) rD;&xm;?
(12) jynfaxmifpu k pDrcH efUcGoJ nfh vrf;rBu;D rsm;? wHwm;Bu;D rsm;?
(13) pmwdu k ?f aMu;eef;? w,fvzD ek ;f ? zuf(pf)? tD;ar;vf? tifwmeuf?
tifx&meufEiS fh tvm;wlqufo, G af &;?
(14) ½kyjf rifoMH um;? j*Kd [w f qk ufo, G af &;? toHviT thf oHzrf;vkyif ef;ESihf
tvm;wlqufo, G af &;rsm;?
(15) tdr&f mESihf taqmufttkrH sm;/
(1) wdik ;f a'oMu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fu pDrcH efcY cJG iG &hf o dS nfh qdyu
f rf;rsm;?
oabFmqdyrf sm;? qdycf rH sm;?
(2) wdik ;f a'oMu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fupDrcH efcY cJG iG &hf o dS nfh vrf;rsm;?
wHwm;rsm;?
57
(3) wdik ;f a'oMu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,ftwGi;f omoGm;vmonfh yk*v
¾ u
d
,mOfrsm; pepfwusajy;qGEJ ikd af &;/
9/ vlraI &;u@
(1) ynmoifMum;a&;qdik &f m oif½;kd ñTe;f wrf;? oif½;kd rmwdum? oifjy
enf;pepf? okawoe? pDru H ed ;f ? pDrcH suEf iS phf rH sm;?
(2) wuúov kd ?f 'D*&Daumvdy?f odypHÜ onfo h ifwef;rsm;ESihf tqifjh rifh
ynm tjcm;tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;?
(3) jynfaxmifpu k owfrw S o
f nfh pmar;yGrJ sm;?
(4) ud, k yf ikd af usmif;rsm;ESihf oifwef;rsm;?
(5) trsdK;om;tm;upm;?
(6) trsdK;om;use;f rma&;?
(7) wdik ;f &if;aq;ynmESifh wdik ;f &if;aq;0g;zGUH NzKd ;wd;k wufa&;?
(8) ukodkvfjzpfaq;½Hkrsm;ESifhaq;cef;rsm;? yk*¾vduaq;½Hkrsm;ESifh
aq;cef;rsm;?
(9) rdcifEiS u hf av;apmifah ½Smufa&;?
(10) MuufajceDtoif;?
(11) tpm;taomuf? aq;0g;? aq;ypönf;ESifhtvSukef ponfwdkY
wkya&maESmxkwv f yk af &mif;csjcif;rS umuG,af &;?
(12) uav;oli,frsm;? vli,frsm;? trsKd ;orD;rsm;? roefrpGr;f olrsm;?
oufBu;D &G,t f rkd sm;? tajctaerJrh sm;tm; apmifah ½Smufa&;?
(13) u,fq,fa&;ESihf jyefvnfxal xmifa&;udp&ö yfrsm;?
(14) rD;owfwyfzUJG ?
58
(15) tvkyv f yk cf sed ?f em;csed ?f tvkyyf w d &f ufrsm;ESiv hf yk if ef;cGiq
f ikd &f m
ab;tEÅ&m,f uif;&Si;f a&;?
(16) 0gPdZyÆ #dyu©?
(17) vlrl zI v l akH &;?
(18) tvkyo f rm;tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;?
(19) jynfaxmifpu k pDrcH efUcGo J nfh -
(uu) a&S;a[mif;,Ofaus;rI odkUr[kwf ordkif;0ifa'orsm;?
taqmufttHrk sm;? txdr;f trSwrf sm;? rSww f rf;rsm;?
ausmufpmrsm;? rifpmrsm;? ayyk&ydu k rf sm;? vufa&;pmrsm;?
vuf&mrsm;? ½ky0f w¬Kypön;f rsm;? a&S;a[mif;okawoe
vkyif ef;rsm;?
( c c ) jywdu k rf sm;? pmMunfw h ukd rf sm;/
(20) pmay? obif? *Dw? ½d;k &myef;? ½ky&f iS ?f AD', D ?kd
(21) arG;zGm;jcif;ESihf aoqH;k jcif;qdik &f mrSwyf w kH ifa&;/
(1) jynfaxmifpu k csrw S x f m;onfh wdik ;f &if;aq;qdik &f m rl0g'rsm;ESihf
rqefu Y siaf om wdik ;f &if;aq;qdik &f mudprö sm;?
(2) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odUk r[kwf jynfe,ftwGi;f vlr0I efxrf;vkyif ef;rsm;?
(3) rD;ab;ESihf obm0ab;tEÅ&m,frsm; BuKd wifumuG,af &;?
(4) ukew f ifuek cf svyk if ef;?
(5) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odUk r[kwf jynfe,fu pDrcH efUcGcJ iG &hf o dS nfh
(uu) ,Ofaus;rItarGtESprf sm;xde;f odr;f a&;?
( c c ) jywku d Ef iS phf mMunfw h udk rf sm;?
59
(6) Zmwf½?kH ½ky&f iS ½f kH ESihf AD',
D ½kd ?kH
(7) "mwfy?kH yef;cs?D yef;yk ponfjh yyGrJ sm;/
10/ pDrcH efUcGaJ &;u@

(1) taxGaxGtyk cf sKyaf &;?
(2) ½Gmajr? NrKd Uajr pDrcH efcY aJG &;?
(3) tdrif mS ;? ajriSm;?
(4) rl;,pfaq;0g;ESihf pdwu f akd jymif;vJapwwfaomaq;0g;?
(5) Edik if aH wmfvQKd U0Sucf sux f ed ;f odr;f a&;qkid &f mudprö sm;?
(6) toif;tzGUJ rsm;?
(7) tusO;f axmif?
(8) e,fpyfa'ozGUH NzKd ;wk;d wufa&;?
(9) oef;acgifpm&if;?
(10) Edik if oH m;jzpfjcif;? Edik if oH m;jyKjcif;? Edik if o H m;tjzpfr&S yfpjJ cif;? ½kyo
f rd ;f jcif;?
Edik if oH m;pdppfa&;ESihf rSwyf w Hk ifvyk if ef;?
(11) bGUJ xl;? *kPx f ;l /
(1) pnfyifom,ma&;?
(2) NrKd U&GmESihf td;k tdrzf UHG NzKd ;wd;k wufa&;?
(3) *kPx
f ;l aqmifvufrw
S rf sm;ESihf *kPx
f ;l aqmifqyk pön;f rsm;/
60
11/ w&m;pD&ifa&;u@
(1) w&m;pD&ifa&;?
(2) a&SUaersm;?
(3) jypfrq I idk &f m Oya'rsm;? usix hf ;Hk rsm;?
(4) w&m;rOya'rsm;? usix hf ;Hk rsm;tygt0if? y#dnmOf? tEknmw pD&if
qk;H jzwfa&;? w&m;pGq J ydk idk cf iG &hf adS om epfemcsurf sm;? vlrt JG jzpf
cH,jl cif;? ,krH w S tf yfEjHS cif;ESihf ,krH w S t f yfEx HS m;ojzifh pDryH idk cf iG &hf dS
olrsm;? tarGxdef;ESifh ypönf;xdef;? rdom;pkqkdif&mOya'rsm;?
tkyfxdef;olrsm;ESifh tkyfxdef;cH&olrsm;? ypönf;vTJajymif;jcif;?
tarGqufcaH &;?
(5) oufaocHOya'?
(6) umvpnf;urf;owf?
(7) trIwefz;dk owfrw S jf cif;?
(8) oD;jcm;oufomcGi?hf
(9) Edik if jH cm;pD&ifyidk cf iG t hf mPm?
(10) yifv,fa&aMumif;pD&ifyikd cf iG ?hf
(11) yifv,f"m;jyrIrsm;? Edik if w H umyifv,fjyif odUk r[kwaf umif;uif,H
ü usL;vG e f a omjypf r I r sm;? tjynf j ynf q d k i f & mOya'uk d
azmufzsuí f ajrjyif odUk r[kwf Edik if w H umyifv,fjyif odrYk [kwf
aumif;uif,üH usL;vGeaf omjypfrrI sm;/
ud,
k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKycf iG &fh wdik ;f odrYk [kwf ud, k yf ikd t f yk cf sKycf iG &fh a'oOD;pD;tzGUJ \ Oya'jyKpm&if;
12/ ud, k yf ikd tf yk cf sKycf iG &fh wdik ;f odrYk [kwf ud, k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKycf iG &fh a'oOD;pD;tzGUJ rsm;tm;
rdrdwdkY wdkif; odkUr[kwf a'otwGuf atmufygudpö&yfrsm;ESihfpyfvsOf;onfh
Oya'jyKciG hf tmPmrsm;udk cGaJ 0tyfEiS ;f onf
61
(u) NrKd UjyESifh aus;&GmpDru H ed ;f rsm; (Town and Village Plan)?
(c) vrf;wHwm;rsm;azmufvyk ?f wnfaqmuf? jyKjyifxed ;f odr;f a&;?
(*) jynfou Yl se;f rma&;?
(C) pnfyifom,ma&;vkyif ef;?
(i) rD;ab;tEÅ&m,fBuKd wifumuG,af &;?
(p) pm;usuaf jrrsm;xde;f odr;f a&;?
(q) opfawmrsm;umuG,x f ed ;f odr;f a&;?
(Z) jynfaxmifpkujy|mef;onfh Oya'ESifhtnD obm0ywf0ef;usif
xde;f odr;f a&;?
( ps ) NrKd UESifh aus;&Gmrsm;twGi;f a&ESifh vQypf pfr;D qdik &f mudp?ö
(n) NrKd Ursm;ESifh aus;&Gmrsm;\ aps;rsm;qdik &f mudp/ö
tjcm;udp&ö yfrsm;ESipf h yfvsO;f í Oya'jyKjcif;
13/ jynfaxmifp?k wdik ;f a'oBu;D odUk r[kwf jynfe,fEiS fh ud, k yf ikd tf yk cf sKycf iG &fh wdik ;f
odUk r[kwf ud, k yf idk t
f yk cf sKycf iG &fh a'oOD;pD;tzGUJ Oya'jyKpm&if;rsm;wGif azmfjyrxm;
aom tjcm;udp&ö yfrsm;ESipfh yfvsO;f í Oya'jyKyikd cf iG t fh mPmudk jynfaxmifpk
vTwaf wmfoYkd tyfEiS ;f onf/
jynfaxmifpek ,fajrrsm;twGuf Oya'jyKjcif;
14/ wdik ;f a'oBu;D vTwaf wmf odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfujkd zpfap? ud, k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKyf
cGi&hf wdik ;f OD;pD;tzGUJ odrYk [kwf ud, k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKycf iG &hf a'oOD;pD;tzGUJ udjk zpfap Oya'jyKciG hf
tyfESif;xm;aomudpörsm;ESifh pyfvsOf;í jynfaxmifpke,fajrrsm; twGuf
Oya'jy|mef;ay;&efvt kd yfygu jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmfu vdt k yfaom Oya'udk
jy|mef;ay;&rnf/
Oya'rsm;\ tusK;d oufa&mufrI
15/ vTwaf wmftqifq h ifEh iS hf ud,k yf idk t f yk cf sKycf iG &hf pD&ifpOk ;D pD;tzGUJ rsm;u jy|mef;onhf
Oya'rsm;\ tusK;d oufa&mufrEI iS phf yfvsO;f Ny;D -
62
(u) ud,k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKycf iG &hf wdik ;f OD;pD;tzGUJ odrYk [kwf ud, k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKycf iG &hf a'oOD;pD;
tzGUJ u jy|mef;vdu k o f nfOh ya'yg jy|mef;csuf wpf&yf&yfonf oufqikd &f m
wdik ;f a'oBu;D vTwaf wmf odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfu jy|mef;onfh
Oya'yg jy|mef;csuf wpf&yf&yfEiS q hf efu Y siaf evQif oufqikd &f m wdik ;f a'o
Bu;D vTwaf wmf odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfu jy|mef;onfh Oya'ygtwdik ;f
vdu k ef musio hf ;kH &rnf?
(c) ud,k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKycf iG &hf wdik ;f OD;pD;tzGUJ odrYk [kwf ud, k yf ikd t
tzGUJ u jy|mef;vdu k o f nfh Oya'ygjy|mef;csuf wpf&yf&yfonf jynfaxmifpk
vTwaf wmfu jy|mef;onfh Oya'ygjy|mef;csuf wpf&yf&yfEiS hf qefu Y siaf evQif
jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfu jy|mef;onfh Oya'ygtwdik ;f vku d ef musio hf ;kH
&rnf?
(*) wdik ;f a'oBu;D vTwaf wmf odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfu jy|mef;vdu k f
onfh Oya'ygjy|mef;csufwpf&yf&yfonf jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfu
jy|mef;onfh Oya'yg jy|mef;csufwpf&yf&yfESifh qefYusifaevQif
jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfu jy|mef;onfh Oya'ygtwkid ;f vku d ef musio hf ;Hk
&rnf?
(C) jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf? wdik ;f a'oBu;D vTwaf wmf? jynfe,fvw T af wmf?
udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh& wdkif;OD;pD;tzGJU odkYr[kwf udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&
a'oOD;pD;tzGUJ u jy|mef;vku d o f nfh Oya'ygjy|mef;csuf wpf&yf&yfonf
vnf;aumif;? wnfqJOya' wpf&yf&yfonfvnf;aumif; zGJUpnf;yHk
tajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufwpf&yf&yfESifh qefYusifaevQif zGJUpnf;yHk
tajccHOya'ygtwdik ;f vku d ef musio hf ;kH &rnf/
b@ma&;aumfr&Sizf UGJ pnf;jcif;? wm0efEiS v hf yk yf idk cf iG rhf sm;
16/ b@ma&;aumfr&Sif zJGUpnf;jcif;tygt0if b@ma&;qdkif&mudpö&yfrsm;ESifh
pyfvsO;f Ny;D -
63
(u) jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;Xmersm;\ t&toHk; cefYrSef;ajc aiGpm&if;rsm;ESifh
jynfaxmifpt k qifh tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;\ t&toH;k cefrY eS ;f ajc aiGpm&if;rsm;udk
Edik if aH wmfor®wu wm0efay;tyfaom 'kw, d or®wwpfO;D u OD;aqmif
pdppfí jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D Xmersm;tygt0if jynfaxmifpk tqift h zGUJ
tpnf;rsm;\ t&toH;k aiGpm&if; vsmxm;csuu f kd b@ma&;aumfr&Sio f Ykd
wifjy&rnf?
(c) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,f t&toH;k aiGpm&if;rsm;udk Edik if aH wmf
or®wu wm0efay;tyfaom use'f w k ,d or®wwpfO;D u OD;aqmifppd pfNy;D
wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,ft&toH;k aiGpm&if; vsmxm;csuu f kd
b@ma&;aumfr&Sio f Ykd wifjy&rnf?
(*) jynfaxmifpek ,fajr toH;k p&dwrf sm;yg&Sad om jynfaxmifp\ k t&toH;k
cefUrSef;ajc aiGpm&if;? wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,frsm;twGuf
jynfaxmifpb k @m &efyakH iGrS b@maiGrsm;udk oifah vsmo f vdk jznfq
h nf;
ay;jcif;? jynfaxmifpb k @m &efyakH iGrS txl;udpw ö pf&yftaejzifh axmufyhH
jcif;? acs;aiGrsm;cGijhf yKjcif; tygt0if jynfaxmifp\ k b@maiG t& toH;k
qdik &f mOya'Murf; odUk r[kwf aemufxyfb@maiG cJaG 0oH;k pGaJ &; Oya'Murf;udk
jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmfoYkd axmufcw H ifjyEdik af &;twGuf vnf;aumif;?
b@ma&;qdik &f m aqmif&u G of ifo
h nfu h pd rö sm;udk tBujH yKEikd af &;twGuf
vnf;aumif;? cdik rf maomb@ma&;pepf jzpfay: apa&;twGuf jynfaxmifpk
vTwaf wmfu Oya'jy|mef;í wm0efay;tyfonfu h pd &ö yfrsm;udv
k nf;aumif;
aqmif&u G Ef ikd af &;twGuf b@ma&; aumfr&Siu f kd atmufygyk*Kd¾ vrf sm;jzifh
zGUJ pnf;&rnf -
(1) Edik if aH wmfor®w - Ouú|
(2) 'kw, d or®wrsm; - 'kw, d Ouú|rsm;
64
(3) jynfaxmifpak &SUaecsKyf - tzJUG 0if
(4) jynfaxmifppk m&if;ppfcsKyf - tzJUG 0if
(5) wdik ;f a'oBu;D 0efBu;D csKyrf sm; - tzJUG 0ifrsm;
ESihf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyrf sm;
(6) aejynfawmfaumifpOD uú| - tzJUG 0if
(7) jynfaxmifpb k @ma&;0efBu;D - twGi;f a&;rSL;
(C) (1) b@ma&;aumfr&Siu f kd zJUG pnf;onft h cg tzJUG 0iftjzpf xrf;aqmif
&rnf&h mxl;ae&mwGif taMumif;wpfpw kH pf&maMumifh wm0efay;tyfjcif;
cH&olr&Sdao;ygu EdkifiHawmfor®wonf oifhavsmfonfh yk*d¾Kvf
wpfO;D OD;tm; ,m,DtzJUG 0iftjzpf wm0efay;tyfEikd o f nf?
(2) b@ma&;aumfr&Sif zGUJ pnf;jcif;udk Edik if aH wmfor®wu xkwjf yefaMunm
&rnf/ xdUk jyif b@ma&;aumfr&Sit f wGuf vdt k yfaom trde?Yf ñTeMf um;
csuf ponfrsm;udv k nf; Edik if aH wmfor®w odrYk [kwf Ekid if aH wmfor®wu
wm0efay;tyfonfyh *k Kd¾ vu f xkwjf yefaMunmEdik o f nf/f
( i ) b@ma&;aumfr&Sio f nf jynfaxmifp\ k t&toH;k cefUrSe;f ajcaiGpm&if;?
wdik ;f a'oBu;D odUk r[kwf jynfe,frsm;tm;jynfaxmifpk b@m&efyakH iGrS
b@maiGrsm;udk oifhwifhavsmufywfpGm jznfhqnf;ay;jcif;? txl;udpö
wpf&yftaejzifh axmufyjhH cif;? vdt k yfrnfh acs;aiGrsm; xkwaf cs;jcif;wdyYk g0if
onfh jynfaxmifp\ k b@maiG t& toH;k qdik &f m Oya'Murf;udk jynfaxmifpk
vTwaf wmfoYdk wifjyEdik af &;twGuf Edik if aH wmfor®wxHoYkd axmufcw H ifjy&
rnf?
( p ) b@ma&;aumfr&Sifonf vdktyfygu b@ma&;uRrf;usifolrsm;\
tMuÓ H Pfrsm;udk &,lEidk o f nf?
65
jynfaxmifp\ k b@maiG t&toH;k qdik &f m Oya'Murf;wifoiG ;f jcif;
(q) jynfaxmifpt k pd;k &tzGUJ ud, k pf m; Edik if aH wmfor®w odUk r[kwf ,if;u wm0ef
ay;tyfonfhyk*¾dKvfonf jynfaxmifpk\b@maiG t&toHk;qdkif&m
Oya'Murf;udk jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfow Ykd ifjy&rnf?
( Z ) jynfaxmifp\ k b@maiG t& toH;k qdik &f mOya'Murf;wGiyf g&Sad om -
(1) Edik if aH wmf zGUJ pnf;yHt k ajccHOya't& zGUJ pnf;xm;aom jynfaxmifpk
tqifh tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;\ tBu;D tuJrsm;ESihf tzJUG tpnf;0ifrsm;\ vpm?
p&dwEf iS hf ,if;tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;\ toH;k p&dwrf sm;?
(2) jynfaxmifpu k ay;qyf&efwm0ef&adS oma<u;NrrD sm;? ,if;a<u;NrrD sm;ESihf
qufET,faomukefusp&dwfrsm;? jynfaxmifpku acs;,laiGrsm;ESifh
qufE, T af om tjcm;ukeu f sp&dwrf sm;?
(3) w&m;½H;k odrYk [kwf cH½k ;kH wpfcck \ k pD&ifcsu?f trde?Yf 'Du&Dt& ay;aqmif
&ef&adS om toH;k p&dwrf sm;?
(4) wnfqOJ ya' wpf&yf&yft&jzpfap? tjynfjynfqikd &f m pmcsKyw f pfcck k
t&jzpfap usc&H rnfh tjcm;toH;k p&dwrf sm;ESihf pyfvsO;f í jynfaxmifpk
vTwaf wmfwiG f aqG;aEG;ydik cf iG &hf o dS nf/ odUk aomf jiif;y,fjcif;? avQmí h
cGijfh yKjcif;rjyK&/
(ps) txuftyd'k f (Z) yg toH;k p&dwrf sm;rSty tjcm;toH;k p&dwrf sm;twGuu f rkd l
jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfu oabmwltwnfjyKjcif;? jiif;y,fjcif;? avQmí h
cGijhf yKjcif;wdUk udk trsm;qEÉiS t hf nD aqmif&u G &f rnf?
(n) jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfu jy|mef;onfh jynfaxmifp\ k b@maiG t&toH;k
qdik &f m Oya'ygtwdik ;f jynfaxmifpt k pd;k &tzJUG u vdt k yfovdk aqmif&u G &f rnf?
( # ) jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfu oufqikd &f m b@ma&;ESpt f wGuf jy|mef;xm;onfh
jynfaxmifp\ k b@maiGt&toH;k qdik &f m Oya'yg vsmxm;aom&aiGrsm;ESihf
cGijhf yKxm;aom oH;k aiGrsm;tjyif aemufxyf&aiGrsm; vsmxm;&efEiS hf oH;k aiGrsm;
66
cGijhfyK&efvt kd yfonft h cg aemufxyf b@maiG cGaJ 0oH;k pGaJ &;Oya'udk txufyg
enf;vrf;rsm;twdik ;f jy|mef;aqmif&u G &f rnf?
( X ) jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmfu jy|mef;onfh aemufxyf b@maiGcaJG 0oH;k pGaJ &;
Oya'yg twdik ;f jynfaxmifpt k pd;k &tzGUJ u vdtk yfovdk aqmif&u G &f rnf?
( ! ) jynfaxmifp\ k b@maiG t&toH;k qdik &f mOya' odUk r[kwf aemufxyf
b@maiGcaJG 0oH;k pGaJ &; Oya't& wdik ;f a'oBu;D odUk r[kwf jynfe,ftvdu k f
jynfaxmifpk b@m&efyakH iGr&S &So d nfh b@maiGrsm;tygt0if wdik ;f a'oBu;D
odUk r[kwf jynfe,f t&toH;k cefrY eS ;f ajcaiGpm&if;udk oufqikd &f m0efBu;D csKy\ f
axmufcw H ifjycsut f ay: oufqikd &f m wdik ;f a'oBu;D odUk r[kwf jynfe,f
vTwaf wmfu vdt k yfovdak qG;aEG;í oabmwltwnfjyKjcif;? jiif;y,fjcif;?
avQmí h cGijhf yKjcif;wdu Yk kd trsm;qEÉiS t hf nD aqmif&uG &f rnf/
,if;odUk aqmif&u G &f mwGif -
(1) Edik if aH wmf zGUJ pnf;yHt k ajccHOya't& zGUJ pnf;xm;aom wdik ;f a'oBu;D
odkUr[kwf jynfe,ftqifh tzGJUtpnf;rsm;\ tBuD;tuJrsm;ESifh
tzGUJ tpnf;0ifrsm;\ vpm? p&dwEf iS hf ,if;tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;\ toH;k
p&dwrf sm;?
(2) EdkifiHawmf zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya't& zGJUpnf;xm;aom udk,fykdif
tkycf sKycf iG &hf pD&ifpOk ;D pD;tzGUJ tBu;D tuJrsm;ESit hf zGUJ tpnf;0ifrsm;\
vpm? p&dwEf iS hf ,if;tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;\ toH;k p&dwrf sm;?
(3) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odUk r[kwf jynfe,fuay;qyf&ef wm0ef&adS om a<u;NrD
rsm;? ,if;a<u;NrrD sm;ESihf qufE, T af om ukeu f sp&dwrf sm;? wdik ;f a'oBu;D
odUk r[kwf jynfe,fu acs;,laiGrsm;ESihf qufE, T af om ukeu f sp&dwrf sm;?
(4) w&m;½H;k odrYk [kwf cH½k ;kH wpfcck \ k pD&ifcsu?f trde?Yf 'Du&Dt& ay;aqmif
&ef&adS om toH;k p&dwrf sm;?
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(5) wdik ;f a'oBu;D vTwaf wmf odUk r[kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfu jy|mef;onfh
Oya'wpf&yf&yft& usc&H rnft h jcm;toH;k p&dwrf sm;ESihf pyfvsO;f í
wdik ;f a'oBu;D vTwaf wmf odUk r[kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfwiG f aqG;aEG;ydik f
cGi&hf odS nf? odaYk omf jiif;y,fjcif;? avQmí h cGijhf yKjcif; rjyK&/
wdik ;f a'oBu;D odUk r[kwf jynfe,frsm;uaumufc&H rnft h cGet f crsm;
( ¡ ) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkUr[kwf jynfe,frsm;u Oya'ESifhtnD aumufcHí
wdik ;f a'oBu;D odUk r[kwf jynfe,fb@m&efyakH iGoUkd ay;oGi;f &rnfh tcGet f c
rsm;rSm atmufygtwdik ;f jzpfonf -
(1) ajr,mcGe?f
(2) ,pfrsKd ;cGe?f
(3) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fu pDrcH efUcGcJ iG &fh o dS nfh qnfrsm;?
wmwrHrsm;udk t&if;cHonfh a&cGef? wmwrHcGefESifh xdkqnfrsm;?
wmwrHrsm;\a&tm;jzifh xkwv f yk &f &So
d nfh vQypf pf"mwftm; oH;k pGcJ ?
(4) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fu pDrHcefUcGJcGihf&Sdonfhvrf;rsm;?
wHwm;rsm; jzwfoef;c?
(5) (uu) a&csKd ig;vkyif ef;tay:wGif pnf;Muyfaumufco H nfh b@m
awmfaMu; (Royalty)?
( cc) owfrSwfxm;aom tuGmta0;twGif; yifv,fig;zrf;
vkyif ef;tay:wGif pnf;Muyfaumufco H nfh b@mawmfaMu;
(Royalty)?
(6) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fuek ;f vrf;? a&vrf;oH;k ,mOfrsm; qdik &f m
Oya't& pnf;MuyfaomtcGe?f
(7) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fyidk yf pön;f rsm; a&mif;&aiGEiS hf iSm;&rf;crsm;?
,if;ypön;f rsm;rS&&Sad om tjcm;tusKd ;tjrwfrsm;?
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(8) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,frsm;u 0efaqmifrI vkyif ef;rsm; twGuf
owf r S w f a umuf c H o nf h tcaMu;aiG r sm;? tcG e f t crsm; ES i h f
tjcm;&aiGrsm;?
(9) wdik ;f a'oBu;D w&m;vTwaf wmf odrYk [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf
tygt0if wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,ftwGi;f &Sd w&m;½H;k rsm;u
csrw S o f nfh 'PfaiGrsm;? 0efaqmifrt I wGuf aumufco H nfh tcGet f c
rsm;ESifh tjcm;&aiGrsm;?
(10) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fb@m&efyakH iGrsm; xkwaf cs;ojzifh
&&Sad omtwd;k rsm;?
(11) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,f\&if;ES;D jrK§ yEf rHS jI zifh &&So d nft h usKd ;
tjrwfrsm;?
(12) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,ftwGi;f &Sd opfawmrsm;rS atmufyg
ypön;f rsm; xkw, f ol nft
h wGuf aumufco H nfh tcGet f crsm; -
(uu) uRe;f ESio hf wfrwS af omopfrmrsm;rStyuseo f pfrsm;tay:wGif
aumufco H nft
h cGe?f
( cc ) xif;? rD;aoG;? Burd ?f 0g;? iSuo f u kd ?f &Sm;ap;? oeyfcg;? xif;½S L;qD?
opfarT;? ysm;xGuyf pön;f rsm;tay: aumufco H nft h cGe?f
(13) rSwyf w kH ifaMu;?
(14) yGcJ eG ?f
(15) qm;cGe?f
(16) jynfaxmifpb k @m&efyakH iGrS &&So
d nfb h @maiGrsm;?
(17) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,ftwGi;f &Sd pnfyifom,ma&;qdik &f m
tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;\ xnf0h ifaiGrsm;?
(18) ydik &f iS rf ay:aom oGi;f xm;aiGrsm;ESihf ypön;f rsm;?
(19) &wemodu k f ( Treasure Trove)/
69
(P) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,frsm;onf wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,f
b@m &efyakH iGrsm;udk Oya'ESit hf nD oH;k pGcJ iG &hf o
dS nf?
jynfaxmifpk b@m&efyakH iGoaYkd y;oGi;f &rnft h jcm;tcGet f crsm;
(w) jynfaxmifpo k nf wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,frsm;u aumufccH iG &hf adS om
tcGeftcrsm;rSty tjcm;tcGeftcrsm;udk Oya'ESifhtnD aumufcHí
jynfaxmifpb k @m&efyakH iGoYkd ay;oGi;f &rnf?
(x) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,frsm;u aumufc&H efowfrw S x f m;onfh
&aiGrsm;ESihf tcGet f ctrsKd ;tpm;rsm;udk jynfaxmifpek ,fajrrsm;twGuf
aumufc&H ef&ydS gu jynfaxmifpu k Oya'ESit hf nD aumufcNH y;D jynfaxmifpk
b@m&efyakH iGoaYkd y;oGi;f &rnf?
( ' ) jynfaxmifpo k nf jynfaxmifpb k @m&efyakH iGukd Oya'ESit fh nD oH;k pGcJ iG ½hf o
dS nf/
vTwaf wmftqifq h if\h
Oya'jyKjcif;qkid &f mvkyif ef;rsm;
Legislature of Hluttaws
71
vTwaf wmftqifq h if\ h Oya'jyKjcif;qkid &f mvkyif ef;rsm;
jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf
jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf tpnf;ta0;usi;f yjcif;
1/ jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf\ yxrtBurd yf rHk eS t f pnf;ta0;udk jynfoUl vTwaf wmf\
yxrtpnf;ta0;pwifonfah eYrS 15 &uftwGi;f usi;f y&rnf/ jynfaxmifpk
vTwaf wmf tpnf;ta0;rsm;udk jynfaxmifpv k w
T af wmf em,u u ac:,lusi;f y
&rnf/
2/ jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf ykrH eS t f pnf;ta0;udk jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmf em,uu
wpfEpS v f Qif tenf;qk;H wpfBurd f ac:,lusi;f y&rnf/ ykrH eS t f pnf;ta0; wpfBurd Ef iS hf
wpfBurd t f Mum; t½SnMf umqk;H umvonf 12 vxufrydak p&/
3/ jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmftpnf;ta0;ü atmufygudp&ö yfrsm;udak qmif½u G of nf -
(u) Ekid if aH wmfor®wajymMum;onfrh ed cYf eG ;f udk rSww f rf;wifjcif;?
(c) Edik if aH wmfor®wuay;ydaYk om o0PfvmT ESiefh m,u u cGijfh yKaom tjcm;
o0PfvmT rsm;udk zwfMum;jcif;? rSww f rf;wifjcif;?
(*) Oya'Murf;wifoiG ;f jcif;? aqG;aEG;jcif;? qk;H jzwfjcif;?
(C) jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmfu twnfjyKxm;onfh Oya'Murf; wpf&yf&yfEiS fh
pyfvsO;f í Edik if aH wmfor®w\ oabmxm;rSwcf surf sm;udk aqG;aEG;jcif;?
qk;H jzwfjcif;?
(i) þzGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;t& jynfaxmifpv k w
T af wmfu
aqmif½u G &f rnfu h pd &ö yfrsm;ESiphf yfvsO;f í aqG;aEG;jcif;? qk;H jzwfjcif;?
(p) jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmfoYkd wifoiG ;f onfh tpD&ifcpH mrsm;udk aqG;aEG;jcif;?
qk;H jzwfjcif;? rSww f rf;wifjcif;?
(q) tqdw k ifoiG ;f jcif;? aqG;aEG;jcif;? qk;H jzwfjcif;?
(Z) ar;cGe;f ar;jref;jcif;? ajzMum;jcif;?
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(ps) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf em,u u cGifhjyKonfhudpö&yfrsm;ESihfpyfvsOf;í
aqmif&u G jf cif;/
4/ jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf txl;tpnf;ta0;udjk zpfap? ta&;ay:tpnf;ta0;udk
jzpfap usi;f y&efvt kd yfvQif jynfaxmifpv k w
T af wmf em,uu ac:,lusi;f y
Edik o
f nf/
5/ jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmftpnf;ta0;udk ac:,lusi;f yay;&ef Edik if aH wmfor®wu
taMumif;Mum;vQif jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf em,uonf jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmf
txl;tpnf;ta0;udjk zpfap? ta&;ay:tpnf;ta0;udjk zpfap tjrefq;Hk ac:,l
usi;f y&rnf/
6/ jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmftpnf;ta0; ac:,lusi;f yay;&ef jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmf
udk,fpm;vS,f pkpkaygif;OD;a&teuf tenf;qkH;av;ykHwpfykHu awmif;qdkvQif
jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfem,uu txl;tpnf;ta0;udk tjrefqkH;ac:,l
usi;f y&rnf/
7/ (u) jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmftpnf;ta0;wpf&yf\ yxraeYwiG f jynfaxmifpk
vTwaf wmftpnf;ta0;odYk wufa&mufciG ½hf o Sd nfh vTwaf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,f
pkpak ygif;OD;a&\ xuf0ufausmOf ;D a& wufa&mufvQif ,if;tpnf;ta0;
txajrmufonf/ tu,fítxrajrmufygu tpnf;ta0;udk a&TUqdik ;f
&rnf?
( c ) tyk'd cf JG (u) t& tpnf;ta0;txrajrmufonft h wGuf a½TUqdik ;f usi;f y
&aom tpnf;ta0;rsm;ESit fh pnf;ta0;txajrmufNy;D aemuf qufvuf
usi;f yaom tpnf;ta0;rsm;wGif jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmf tpnf;ta0;odYk
wufa&mufciG ½fh o Sd nfh vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f pkpak ygif; OD;a&teuf tenf;qk;H
ok;H ykw
H pfyHk wufa&mufvQif tpnf;ta0;rsm; txajrmufonf/
73
8/ (u) jynf a xmif p k v T w f a wmf w G i f tqk H ; tjzwf j yK&rnf h taMumif ; t&m
wpf&yfEiS phf yfvsO;f í rJcq JG ;Hk jzwf&mü þzGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'wGif tjcm;enf;
jy|mef;xm;jcif;r½dSvQif tpnf;ta0;odkYwufa&mufí qE´rJay;onfh
jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;\rsm;&mqE´rjJ zihf qk;H jzwf&rnf?
( c ) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;rsm;wGif rJcGJqkH;jzwfonfhudpörsm;ü
jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfem,u odrYk [kwf em,u wm0efxrf;aqmifaeonfh
'kwd,em,uonf qE´rJray;&/ axmufcHqE´rJESifh uefYuGufqE´rJ
ta&twGucf si;f wlnaD eonfh udp&ö yfwiG o f m ]tEkid rf }J ay;&rnf/
9/ jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,fwpfOD;onf jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf
tpnf;ta0;wpf&yfwiG f jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf em,u\ cGijfh yKcsurf &bJ
tpnf;ta0;wufa&muf&ef tenf;qHk;&ufaygif; 15 &uf wpfqufwnf;
ysuu f u G vf Qif owfrw S x f m;onhf enf;vrf;rsm;ESit fh nD ta&;,l&ef jynfaxmifpk
vTwaf wmfem,u u oufqikd &f mvTwaf wmfoYkd taMumif;Mum;&rnf/ jynfaxmifpk
vTwaf wmftpnf;ta0; wufa&muf&ef cGirfh yhJ suu f u G of nfh &ufaygif; 15 &ufukd
a&wGu&f mü tpnf;ta0;a&TUqdik ;f xm;onhf umvudk xnho f iG ;f a&wGujf cif;rjyK&/
10/ jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfonf vTwaf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,af e&mtcsKd U vpfvyfae
apumrl jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf vkyif ef;rsm;udk aqmif&u G cf iG &fh o
dS nf/ xdtYk jyif
tcGit fh a&;r&So d w l pfO;D u jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf tpnf;ta0;odYk wufa&muf
jcif;? qE´raJ y;jcif; odrYk [kwf vTwaf wmfvyk if ef;wpf&yf&yfwiG f yg0ifaqmif&u G f
cJhjcif;udk aemiftcgwGifrS ppfaq;awGU&Sdapumrl jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf\
qH;k jzwfaqmif&u G cf surf sm;onf ysujf y,fjcif;r&Sad p&/
11/ jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf\aqmif&u G cf surf sm;ESifh rSww f rf;rsm;udk trsm;jynfol
od&EdS ik d &f ef xkwjfyef&rnf/ od&Y k mwGif Oya'wpf&yf&yft&jzpfap? jynfaxmifpv k w
T af wmf
\ qH;k jzwfcsut f &jzpfap wm;jrpfxm;onhaf qmif&u G cf surf sm;ESifh rSwwf rf;rsm;udk
xkwjf yefjcif;rjyK&/
74
Oya'Murf;wifoiG ;f jcif;
12/ (u) jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfonf ]]jynfaxmifpOk ya'jyKpm&if;}} wGif azmfjy
aomudp&ö yfrsm;ESifh pyfvsO;f í jynfaxmifpw k pf0ef;vH;k twGuaf omfvnf;
aumif;? jynfaxmifpk\ wpfpdwfwpfa'otwGufaomfvnf;aumif;
tmPmoufa&mufap&ef Oya'jyKciG &fh o dS nf?
( c ) jynfolYvTwfawmfwGifjzpfap? trsdK;om;vTwfawmfwGifjzpfap pwif
wifoiG ;f onfh Oya'Murf;udk vTwaf wmfEpS &f yfpvH;k u twnfjyKvQif
,if;Oya'Murf;udk jynfaxmifpv k w
T af wmfu twnfjyKonf[k rSw, f l
&rnf/
13/ (u) jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfonf Oya'wpf&yfjy|mef;onft h cg -
(1) þzGpYJ nf;yHt k ajccHOya't& zGpYJ nf;onfjh ynfaxmifpt k qihf tzGYJ
tpnf;wpf&yf&yftm; ,if;Oya'ESihfoufqdkifonfh enf;Oya'?
pnf;rsO;f Oya'ESifh pnf;urf;Oya'rsm; xkwjf yefciG u fh kd tyfEiS ;f Edik o
f nf?
(2) oufqikd &f mtzGt YJ pnf; odrYk [kwf tmPmydik t f m; ,if;Oya'ESifh
oufqikd o f nfh trdeaYf Mumfjimpm? trde?Yf ñTeMf um;csuEf iS fh vkyx f ;kH
vkyef nf;rsm; xkwjf yefciG u fh kd tyfEiS ;f Edik o f nf/
( c ) Oya'wpf&yfu tyfEiS ;f onhf vkyyf ikd cf iG t fh &jyKvyk af om enf;Oya'?
pnf;rsO;f Oya'? pnf;urf;Oya'? trdeaYf Mumfjimpm? trde?Yf ñTeMf um;csuEf iS fh
vkyx f ;kH vkyef nf;rsm;onf þzGpYJ nf;yHt k ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;ESifh
vnf;aumif;? oufqdkif&mOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESihfvnf;aumif;
nDñw G rf &I &dS rnf?
( * ) jynfov Yl w
T af wmfEiS fh trsKd ;om;vTwaf wmfEpS &f yfpvH;k u enf;Oya'? pnf;rsO;f
Oya' odrYk [kwf pnf;urf;Oya'wpf&yf&yfukd y,fzsu&f ef odrYk [kwf jyifqif
75
ap&ef qH;k jzwfygu ,if;enf;Oya'? pnf;rsO;f Oya' odrYk [kwf pnf;urf;
Oya'udk jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmfu y,fzsuo f nf odrYk [kwf jyifqif
aponf[k rSw, f &l rnf?
(C) enf;Oya'? pnf;rsOf;Oya' odkYr[kwf pnf;urf;Oya' wpf&yf&yfudk
y,fzsu&f ef odrYk [kwf jyifqifap&ef jynfov Yl wT af wmfEiS fh trsKd ;om;
vTwaf wmfwYkd oabmuGv J yJG gu jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmfwiG f aqG;aEG;
qH;k jzwf&rnf?
( i ) enf;Oya'? pnf;rsOf;Oya' odkYr[kwf pnf;urf;Oya' wpf&yf&yfudk
y,fzsu&f ef odrYk [kwf jyifqifap&ef tyd'k cf JG (*) odrYk [kwf (C) t&
qH;k jzwfygu xdo k Ykd y,fzsujf cif; odrYk [kwf jyifqifapjcif;rjyKrD ,if;
enf;Oya'? pnf;rsO;f Oya' odrYk [kwf pnf;urf;Oya't& aqmif&u G f
cJNh y;D aom trIupd rö sm;udk xdcu kd jf cif;r&Sad p&/
14/ jynfaxmifpv k w
T af wmfonf -
(u) Ekid if aH wmfor®wuwifjyonfh tjynfjynfqikd &f m? a'oqkid &f m odrYk [kwf
EkdifiHtcsif;csif;qdkif&mpmcsKyfrsm;? oabmwlnDcsufrsm;udk twnfjyK
aqmif½u G jf cif;? y,fzsujf cif;? Ekwx f u G jf cif;wkEYd iS phf yfvsO;f í tqH;k tjzwf
ay;&rnf?
( c ) tjynfjynfqikd &f m? a'oqkid &f m odrYk [kwf Ekid if t H csi;f csi;f qdik &f mpmcsKyrf sm;?
oabmwlncD surf sm;teuf rnfuo hJ aYkd ompmcsKyf odrYk [kwf oabm
wlncD sut f rsK;d tpm;udk jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf\ twnfjyKcsu&f ,l&ef
rvdkbJcsKyfqdkjcif;? y,fzsufjcif;? EkwfxGufjcif;wkdYudk aqmif½Guf&ef
Ekid if aH wmfor®wtm; vkyyf ikd cf iG v hf t JT yfEikd o f nf/
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15/ (u) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf\tqkH;tjzwf&,lrnfhudpö&yfrsm;? oabm
wlnDcsuf&,lrnfhudpö&yfrsm;? twnfjyKcsuf&,lrnfhudpö&yfrsm;udk
atmufygtwdik ;f aqmif½u G &f rnf -
(1) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0; usif;yqJumvjzpfvQif
,if;tpnf;ta0;ü aqG;aEG;qk;H jzwf&rnf?
(2) jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf tpnf;ta0;usi;f yqJumv r[kwv f Qif
teD;uyfq;Hk jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf tpnf;ta0;ü aqG;aEG;qk;H jzwf
&rnf?
(3) trsm;jynfot l usK;d iSm tvsit f jrefaqmif½u G &f rnfu h pd &ö yfrsm;udk
txl;tpnf;ta0;odrYk [kwf ta&;ay:tpnf;ta0;ac:,lusi;f yí
aqG;aEG;qk;H jzwf&rnf/
( c ) jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfonf Ekid if aH wmfor®wu Oya'uJo h Ykd tmPmwnf
aom trdew Yf pf&yfux dk w k jf yefNy;D ,if;trdeu Yf kd twnfjyKay;&ef jynfaxmifpk
vTwaf wmfoYkd wifjyonft h cg -
(1) Oya'uJo h Ykd tmPmwnfaomtrdeu Yf kd twnfjyK? rjyK qk;H jzwf&rnf?
(2) twnfjyK&efq;Hk jzwfygu ,if;trdeq Yf ufvuftmPmwnf&rnfh
tcdsef umvudk owfrw S af y;&rnf?
(3) twnfjyKcsurf &&Sv d Qi?f Oya'uJo h t Ykd mPmwnfaom trdeo Yf nf
twnfrjyKonfah eYrpS í? tmPmwnfjcif;rS&yfp&J rnf/
16/ (u) þzGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya't& zGUJ pnf;onfh jynfaxmifpt k qifh tzGUJ
tpnf;rsm;onf ]]jynfaxmifpOk ya'jyKpm&if;}} wGiyf g½daS om udp&ö yfrsm;teuf
rdrw
d Y k d pDrcH efcY oJG nfu h pd &ö yfrsm;ESiphf yfvsO;f aom Oya'Murf;rsm;udk owfrw S f
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xm;onfh enf;vrf;rsm;ESit hf nD jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfoYkd wifoiG ;f cGihf
½do
S nf?
( c ) jynfaxmifpt k pd;k &tzGUJ uom wifoiG ;f cGi½hf aSd om Edik if aH wmf\ trsK;d om;
pDru H ed ;f ? ESppf Of t&? tok;H cefrY eS ;f ajcaiGpm&if;ESihf tcGet f aumufqidk &f m
Oya'Murf;rsm;udk owfrw S x f m;onfh enf;vrf;rsm;ESit fh nD jynfaxmifpk
vTwaf wmfü aqG;aEG;qk;H jzwf&rnf/
17/ jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfüomaqG;aEG;qk;H jzwf&rnf[k þzGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'ü
owfrSwfaomOya'Murf;rsm;rSty þzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya't&zGJUpnf;onfh
jynfaxmifpt k qifh tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;u jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfoYkd wifoiG ;f aom
Oya'Murf;rsm;udk owfrw S x f m;onhf enf;vrf;rsm;ESit fh nD jynfoUl vTwaf wmf
wGijf zpfap? trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfwiG jf zpfap pwifaqG;aEG; aqmif½u G cf iG ½hf o
Sd nf/
18/ jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfüom aqG;aEG;qk;H jzwf&rnfh Oya'Murf;rsm;ESihf pyfvsO;f í
jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmftpnf;ta0;ü aqG;aEG;jcif;rjyKrD tao;pdwaf vhvm
pdppf&efvt kd yfygu jynfoUl vTwaf wmfOya'Murf;aumfrwDEiS hf trsKd ;om;vTwaf wmf
Oya'Murf; aumfrwDwt Ykd m; yl;aygif;avhvmpdppfapjcif;? ,if;yl;aygif;aumfrwD\
avhvmawGU&dcS suEf iS hf oabmxm;rSwcf surf sm;udk owfrw S x
f m;onfeh nf;vrf;
rsm;ESifhtnD Oya'Murf;ESifhtwl jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;odkY
wifjyaqmif&u G af pjcif; wdu Yk jkd yKEikd of nf/
19/ Oya'Murf;wpf&yfEiS phf yfvsO;f í jynfoUl vTwaf wmfEiS t hf rsKd ;om;vTwaf wmfwUkd
oabmuGv J yJG gu jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfwiG f aqG;aEG;qk;H jzwf&rnf/
Oya'tjzpf xkwjf yef aMunmjcif;
20/ (u) Edik if aH wmfor®wonfjynfaxmifpv k w
T af wmfraS y;ydv Yk monfh jynfaxmifpk
vTwfawmfu twnfjyKaom odkYr[kwf jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfu
twnfjyKonf[k rSwf,l&rnfjzpfaom Oya'Murf;rsm;udk vufcH&&dS
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onfah eY\ aemuf wpfaeYrS 14 &uftwGi;f vufrw S af &;xd;k í Oya'tjzpf
xkwjf yefaMunm&rnf?
(c) Edik if aH wmfor®wonf Oya'Murf;wpf&yfukd vufrw S af &;xd;k í Oya'tjzpf
xkwjf yefaMunm&ef owfrw S x f m;onfu h mvtwGi;f rdr\ d oabmxm;
rSwcf suEf iS t hf wl Oya'Murf;udk jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfoYkd jyefvnfay;
ydEYk ikd o f nf?
(*) EdkifiHawmfor®wuvufrSwfa&;xdk;í Oya'tjzpfxkwfjyefaMunm&ef
owfrSwfxm;onfhumvtwGif;Oya'Murf;udk EdkifiHawmfor®wu
rdr\ d oabmxm; rSwcf sujf zifh jyefvnfay;ydjYk cif;rjyKvQiaf omfvnf;aumif;?
Oya'Murf;udk vufrw S af &;xd;k í Oya'tjzpfxw k jf yef aMunmjcif;rjyKvQif
aomfvnf;aumif;? owfrw S f umvjynfah jrmufonfah eY&ufwiG f Oya'Murf;
onf Edik if aH wmfor®w\ vufrw S af &;xd;k csuu f kd &&dNS y;D ouJo h Ykd Oya'
jzpfvm&rnf/
21/ (u) Ekid if aH wmfor®wxHay;ydx Yk m;aom Oya'Murf;ukd Ekid if aH wmfor®wu rdr\ d
oabmxm;rSwfcsufrsm;ESifhtwl owfrSwfumvtwGif; jynfaxmifpk
vTwaf wmfoYdk jyefvnfay;ykv Yd Qif jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfonf Ekid if aH wmf
or®w\ oabmxm;rSwcf surf sm;ukd aqG;aEG;ok;H oyfNy;D aemuf Ekid if aH wmf
or®w\ oabmxm;rSwcf suu f vdk ufcí H Oya'Murf;udk jyifqif&ef qk;H jzwf
Ekid o f nf okrYd [kwf Ekid if aH wmfor®w\ oabmxm;rSwcf suu f kd vufrcHbJ
Oya'Murf;ukd rlvtwkid ;f twnfjyK&ef qk;H jzwfEidk o f nf?
(c) EkdifiHawmfor®w\ oabmxm;rSwfcsufESifhtnD jyifqifxm;aom
Oya'Murf; okrYd [kwf Ekid if aH wmfor®w\ oabmxm;rSwcf suu f dk vufrcHbJ
rlvtwkid ;f twnfjyKaom Oya'Murf;tm; jynfaxmifpk vTwaf wmf\
qkH;jzwfcsufjzihf jyefvnfay;ykdYvmonfhtcg EkdifiHawmf or®wonf
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Oya'Murf;jyefvnf&&SdonfhaeY\ aemufwpfaeYrS ckepf&uf twGif;
vufrw S af &;xk;d í Oya'tjzpf xkwjf yefaMunm&rnf?
( * ) jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmfu jyefvnfay;ykaYd om Oya'Murf;ukd owfrw S f
umvtwGi;f Ekid if aH wmfor®wu vufrw S af &;xk;d jcif;rjyKvQif owfrw S f
umv jynfah jrmufonfah eY&ufwiG f Oya'Murf;onf Ekid if aH wmfor®w\
vufrw S af &;xk;d csuu f dk &&SNd y;D ouJo
h Ydk Oya'jzpfvm&rnf/
22/ Ekid if aH wmfor®wu vufrw S af &;xd;k Ny;D aom Oya'rsm; okrYd [kwf Ekid if aH wmf or®w\
vufrw S af &;xk;d csuf &&Sd Ny;D ouJo h Ykd rSw,f &l rnfjzpfaom Oya'rsm;udk Edik if aH wmf
jyefwrf;wGix f w k jf yefaMunm&rnf/ xdOk ya'wGif oD;jcm;azmfjycsuf rygvQif
xkwjf yefaMunmonfah eYrpS í tmPmwnf&rnf/
23/ þzGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya't& zGUJ pnf;onfh jynfaxmifpt k qifh tzGUJ tpnf; wpf&yf
&yfudk udk,fpm;jyKaom tzGJUtpnf;0ifrsm;onf em,u\cGifhjyKcsufjzifh
jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf tpnf;ta0;odYk wufa&mufonft h cg rdrtd zGUJ tpnf;ESihf
oufqikd af om Oya'Murf;rsm; okrYd [kwf udp&ö yfrsm;ESihf pyfvsO;f í &Si;f vif;ajymqdk
aqG;aEG;cGi&hf o Sd nf/
jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmfem,u\ vkyif ef;wm0efrsm;/
24/ jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfem,uonf -
(u) jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmftpnf;ta0;rsm;udk Bu;D MuyfuyG u f &J rnf?
( c ) jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmf tpnf;ta0;odw Yk ufa&mufí rdecYf eG ;f ajymMum;
vkad Mumif; Edik if aH wmfor®wu taMumif;Mum;vQif Edik if aH wmfor®wtm;
zdwMf um;&rnf?
( * ) jynf a xmif p k v T w f a wmf t pnf ; ta0;ü aqG ; aEG ; aqmif & G u f q J
taMumif;t&mwpf&yf&yfEiS pfh yfvsO;f í vdt k yfvQif þzJUG pnf;yHt k ajccH
Oya't& zJUG pnf;onhf jynfaxmifpt k qifh tzJUG tpnf;wpf&yf&yfukd
80
ud,
k pf m;jyKaom tzJUG tpnf;rsm; odrYk [kwf yk*K¾d vrf sm;udk jynfaxmifpk
vTwaf wmfoYkd wufa&muf&iS ;f vif;wifjyap&ef zdwMf um;cGi&hf o dS nf?
(C) þzJUG pnf;yHt k ajccHOya't& aomfvnf;aumif;? Oya'wpf&yf&yft&
aomfvnf;aumif; owfrw S x f m;onhf tjcm;wm0efEiS fh vkyyf ikd cf iG rhf sm;udk
aqmif&u G &f rnf/
25/ þzJUG pnf;yHt k ajccHOya't& zJUG pnf;onfh jynfaxmifpt k qifh tzJUG tpnf; rsm;onf
jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmftpnf;ta0;okYd wifjyoifah om rdrt d zJUG tpnf;ESihf oufqikd o f nfh
tajctaet&yf&yfukd em,u\ cGijhf yKcsujf zifh wifjyEdik o f nf/
26/ (u) jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;onf þzGUJ pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'yg
jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhvnf;aumif;? jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfqdkif&mOya'yg
jy|mef;csurf sm;ESihf vnf;aumif; rqefu Y siv f Qif jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfEiS hf
jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf yl;aygif;aumfrwDww Ykd iG f vGwv f yfpmG ajymqdck iG Ehf iS hf
qE´rJay;ydkifcGifh&dSonf/ xdkodkY jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfESifh jynfaxmifpk
vTwaf wmf yl;aygif;aumfrwDww Ykd iG f wifjy aqG;aEG;jcif;? aqmif&u G jf cif;wdEYk iS hf
pyfvsO;f í jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,w f pfO;D udk jynfaxmifpk
vTwaf wmfqikd &f mOya'rSty tjcm;Oya't&ta&;,ljcif; rjyK&?
( c ) jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf tpnf;ta0;odYk wufa&muf&ef zdwMf um;jcif;cH&aom
þzGUJ pnf;yktH ajccHOya't& zGUJ pnf;onfjh ynfaxmifpt k qift h zGUJ tpnf;
wpf&yf&yf udu k , kd pf m;jyKaom tzGUJ tpnf;0ifrsm; odrYk [kwf yk*Kd¾ vrf sm;onf
þzGJUpnf;ykHtajccH Oya'ygjy|mef;csufrsm;ESifh aomfvnf;aumif;?
jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfqikd &f m Oya'ygjy|mef;csurf sm;ESiahf omfvnf;aumif;
rqefu Y sivf Qif jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfwiG f vGwv f yfpmG ajymqdck iG &hf oSd nf/
jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfwiG f wifjyajymqdrk rI sm;ESihf pyfvsO;f í ,if;tzGUJ
81
tpnf;0ifrsm; odrYk [kwf yk*Kd¾ vrf sm;tm; jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmf qdik &f m
Oya'rSty tjcm;Oya't&ta&;,ljcif; rjyK&?
( * ) txuftyk'd cf GJ (u) ESihf (c) wGif yg&Sad om yk*Kd¾ vrf sm;onf txufygtcGihf
ta&;rsm;uku d sio
hf ;Hk Mu&mwGif uk, d x
f v
d ufa&mufusL;vGerf rI sm;&Scd yhJ gu
,if;wko Yd nf jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmf\ pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;? vkyxf ;Hk vkyef nf;
rsm;t&vnf;aumif;? wnfqOJ ya'rsm;t&vnf;aumif; ta&;,ljcif;
cH&rnf/
27/ jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;wufa&mufaeaom jynfaxmifpk
vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fwpfOD;udkjzpfap? jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfem,u\
cGijhf yKcsuf odrYk [kwf zdwMf um;csut f & ,if;tpnf;ta0;odYk wufa&mufaeaom
yk*¾dKvfwpfOD;udkjzpfap zrf;qD;&efvdktyfygu cdkifvkHaomtaxmuftxm;udk
jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfem,uxH wifjy&rnf/ jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmfem,u\
BuKd wifciG jhf yKcsurf &&Sb d J zrf;qD;jcif;rjyK&/
28/ jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfuaomfvnf;aumif;? ,if;vTwaf wmf\ tcGit hf mPm

t&aomfvnf;aumif; jzefcY sx d w
k af 0onfth pD&ifcpH mrsm;? pm&Gupf mwrf;rsm;?
vTwaf wmf rSww f rf;rsm;ESiphf yfvsO;f í w&m;pGq
J ykd ikd cf iG rhf &daS p&/
jynfoUl vTwaf wmfEiS thf rsKd ;om;vTwaf wmf
1/ (u) jynfolYvTwfawmf\ oufwrf;wpf&yf pwifaomyxrtBudrf ykHrSef
tpnf;ta0;udk taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ pwifusif;yonfhaeY&ufrS
&ufaygif; 90 twGi;f usi;f y&rnf/
( c ) (1) trsdK;om;vTwfawmfoufwrf; pwifonfhaeY&ufonf jynfolY
vTwaf wmfoufwrf; pwifonfah eY&ufjzpfonf/
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(2) trsKd ;om;vTwaf wmf\ yxrtBurd yf rHk eS t f pnf;ta0;udk ,if;
vTwaf wmf\ oufwrf;pwifonfah eYrS ckepf&uftwGi;f usi;f y&rnf/
2/ (u) (1) þzGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'tmPmwnfNy;D aemuf yxrtBurd f jynfoYl
vTwfawmf ykHrSeftpnf;ta0;udk EkdifiHawmfat;csrf;om,ma&;ESifh
zGUH NzKd ;a&;aumifpu D ac:,lusi;f y&rnf/
(2) jynfov Yl wT af wmf\ aemifoufwrf;rsm;twGuf yxrtBurd f ykrH eS f
tpnf;ta0;rsm;udk þzGpYJ nf;ykt H ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csuEf iS t fh nD
wm0ef qufvufxrf;aqmifvsu&f adS om jynfov Yl wT af wmfOuú|u
ac:,lusi;f y&rnf/
(c) (1) þzGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya' tmPmwnfNy;D aemuf yxrtBurd f trsKd ;om;
vTwfawmf ykHrSeftpnf;ta0;ukd EkdifiHawmfat;csrf;om,ma&;ESifh
zGUNH zKd ;a&;aumifpu D ac:,lusi;f y&rnf/
(2) trsKd ;om;vTwaf wmf\ aemifoufwrf;rsm;twGuf yxrtBurd f ykrH eS f
tpnf;ta0;rsm;ukd þzGpYJ nf;ykt H ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csuEf iS t fh nD
wm0efqufvuf xrf;aqmifvsu&f adS om trsdK;om;vTwaf wmfOuú|u
ac:,lusi;f y&rnf/
3/ (u) (1) yxrtBudrfusif;yaom jynfolYvTwfawmf ykHrSeftpnf;ta0;wGif
jynfov Yl w T af wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;onf jynfov Yl wT af wmf obmywd
a&SUarSmufü uwdopömjyK&rnf/
(2) uwdopömrjyK&ao;aom jynfov Yl w
T af wmf uk, d pf m;vS,rf sm;onf
pwifwufa&mufaom jynfov Yl wT af wmftpnf;ta0;wGif vTwaf wmf
Ouú|a&SUarSmufü uwdopömjyK&rnf/
(c) (1) yxrtBurd u f si;f yaom trsKd ;om;vTwaf wmf ykrH eS t f pnf;ta0;wGif
trsdK;om;vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;onf trsdK;om;vTwfawmf
obmywda&SUarSmufü uwdopömjyK&rnf/
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(2) uwdopömrjyK&ao;aom trsKd ;om;vTwaf wmf uk, d pf m;vS,rf sm;onf
pwif w uf a &muf a om trsd K ;om;vT w f a wmf t pnf ; ta0;wG i f
vTwaf wmfOuú|a&SUarSmufü uwdopömjyK&rnf/
4/ (u) jynfoUl vTwaf wmfyrHk eS t f pnf;ta0;ukd jynfov Yl wT af wmfOuú|u wpfEpS v f Qif
tenf;qk;H wpfBurd f ac:,lusi;f y&rnf/ ykrH eS t f pnf;ta0; wpfBurd Ef iS hf
wpfBurd t f Mum; t&SnMf umqk;H umvonf 12 vxuf rykad p&/
(c) trsdK;om;vTwfawmfykHrSeftpnf;ta0;udk trsdK;om;vTwfawmfOuú|u
wpfEpS v f Qif tenf;qk;H wpfBurd f ac:,lusi;f y&rnf/ ykrH eS t f pnf;ta0;
wpfBurd Ef iS hf wpfBurd t f Mum; t&SnMf umqk;H umvonf 12 v xuf rykad p&/
5/ (u) jynfov Yl w T af wmftpnf;ta0;ü atmufygudp&ö yfrsm;udk aqmif&u G o f nf -
(1) Ekid if aH wmfor®w ajymMum;onfrh ed cYf eG ;f ukd rSww f rf;wifjcif;?
(2) Ekid if aH wmfor®wu ay;ykaYd omo0PfvmT ESihf Ouú|u cGijhf yKaom tjcm;
o0PfvmT rsm;ukd zwfMum;jcif;? rSww f rf;wifjcif;?
(3) Oya'Murf;wifoiG ;f jcif;? aqG;aEG;jcif;? qk;H jzwfjcif;?
(4) þzGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;t& jynfov Yl w T af wmfu
aqmif&u G &f rnfh udp&ö yfrsm;ESihf pyfvsO;f í aqG;aEG;jcif;? qk;H jzwfjcif;?
(5) jynfov Yl w T af wmfoYdk wifoiG ;f onfh tpD&ifcpH mrsm;ukd aqG;aEG;jcif;?
(6) tqkw d ifoiG ;f jcif;? aqG;aEG;jcif;? qk;H jzwfjcif;?
(7) ar;cGe;f ar;jref;jcif;? ajzMum;jcif;?
(8) jynfolYvTwfawmfOuú|u cGifhjyKonfhudpö&yfrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;í
aqmif&u G jf cif;/
(c) trsKd ;om;vTwaf wmftpnf;ta0;ü atmufygudp&ö yfrsm; aqmif&u G o f nf
(1) Ekid if aH wmfor®wajymMum;onfh rdecYf eG ;f ukd rSww f rf;wifjcif;?
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(2) Ekid if aH wmfor®wu ay;ykaYd om o0PfvmT ESiOhf uú|u cGijhf yKaom tjcm;
o0PfvmT rsm;ukd zwfMum;jcif;? rSww f rf;wifjcif;?
(3) Oya'Murf;wifoiG ;f jcif;? aqG;aEG;jcif;? qk;H jzwfjcif;?
(4) þzGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;t& trsKd ;om;vTwaf wmfu
aqmif&u G &f rnfh udp&ö yfrsm;ESihf pyfvsO;f í aqG;aEG;jcif;? qk;H jzwfjcif;?
(5) trsKd ;om;vTwaf wmfoYdk wifoiG ;f onfh tpD&ifcpH mrsm;ukd aqG;aEG;jcif;?
(6) tqkw d ifoiG ;f jcif;? aqG;aEG;jcif;? qk;H jzwfjcif;?
(7) ar;cGe;f ar;jref;jcif;? ajzMum;jcif;?
(8) trsdK;om;vTwfawmfOuú|u cGifhjyKonfhudpö&yfrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;í
aqmif&u G jf cif;/
6/ (u) (1) jynfolYvTwfawmftpnf;ta0;wpf&yf\ yxraeYwGif jynfolY
vT w f a wmf t pnf ; ta0;ok d Y wuf a &muf c G i h f & S d o nf h vT w f a wmf
uk, d pf m;vS,f pkpak ygif;OD;a&\xuf0ufausmOf ;D a& wufa&mufvQif
,if;tpnf;ta0; txajrmufonf/ tu,fí txrajrmufygu
tpnf;ta0;udk a&TUqdik ;f usi;f y&rnf?
(2) tyk'd cf iJG ,f(1)t& tpnf;ta0; txrajrmufonft h wGuf a&TUqkid ;f
usi;f yaom tpnf;ta0;rsm;ESihf tpnf;ta0;txajrmufNy;D aemuf
qufvufusi;f yaom tpnf;ta0;rsm;wGif jynfov Yl wT af wmf tpnf;
ta0;okYd wufa&mufciG &fh o dS nfh vTwaf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,f pkpak ygif; OD;a&
teuf tenf;qk;H ok;H ykw H pfyHk wufa&mufvQif ,if;tpnf;ta0;rsm;
txajrmufonf/
( c ) (1) trsKd ;om;vTwaf wmf tpnf;ta0;wpf&yf\ yxraeYwiG f trsKd ;om;
vT w f a wmf t pnf ; ta0;ok d Y wuf a &muf c G i h f & S d o nf h vT w f a wmf
uk, d pf m;vS,f pkpak ygif;OD;a&\ xuf0ufausmOf ;D a& wufa&mufvQif
85
,if;tpnf;ta0; txajrmufonf/ tu,fí txrajrmufygu
tpnf;ta0;udk a&TUqdik ;f usi;f y&rnf/
(2) tyk'd cf iJG ,f (1) t& tpnf;ta0; txrajrmufonft h wGuf a&TUqkid ;f
usi;f yaomtpnf;ta0;rsm;ESihf tpnf;ta0;txajrmufNy;D aemuf
qufvufusif;yaom tpnf;ta0;rsm;wGif trsdK;om;vTwfawmf
tpnf;ta0;okYd wufa&mufciG &fh o dS nfh vTwaf wmfu,
dk pf m;vS,f pkpak ygif;
OD;a&teuftenf;qk;H ok;H ykw H pfywHk ufa&mufvQif ,if;tpnf;ta0;
rsm; txajrmufonf/
7/ (u) (1) jynfov Yl w
T af wmfwiG f tqH;k tjzwfjyK&rnfh taMumif;t&m wpf&yfEiS fh
pyfvsO;f í rJcq JG ;kH jzwf&mü þzGUJ pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'wGif tjcm;enf;
jy|mef;xm;jcif;r&Sv d Qif tpnf;ta0;odYk wufa&mufí qE´raJ y;onhf
jynfov
Yl w
T af wmf uk,
d pf m;vS,rf sm;\rsm;&mqE´rjJ zihf qH;k jzwf&rnf?
(2) jynfov Yl w
T af wmf tpnf;ta0;rsm;wGif rJcq JG ;kH jzwfonhf udprö sm;ü
jynfoYl vTwaf wmf Ouú| odrYk [kwf Ouú|wm0ef xrf;aqmifaeonfh
'kw, d Ouú|onf qE´rrJ ay;&/ axmufcH qE´rEJ iS u fh efu
Y uG q f E´rJ
ta&twGucf si;f wlnaD eonfh udp&ö yfwiG o f m ]tEdik rf }J ay;&rnf/
( c ) (1) trsKd ;om;vTwaf wmfwiG f tqH;k tjzwfjyK&rnfh taMumif;t&mwpf&yf
ESihf pyfvsO;f í rJcq
JG ;kH jzwf&mü þzGUJ pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'wGif tjcm;enf;
jy|mef;xm;jcif;r&Sv d Qif tpnf;ta0;odw Yk ufa&mufí qE´raJ y;onfh
trsKd ;om;vTwaf wmf ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;\ rsm;&mqE´rjJ zihf qH;k jzwf&rnf/
(2) trsKd ;om;vTwaf wmf tpnf;ta0;rsm;wGif rJcq JG ;kH jzwfonfu h pd rö sm;ü
trsKd ;om;vTwaf wmfOuú| odrYk [kwf Ouú|wm0ef xrf;aqmifaeonfh
86
'kw,d Ouú|onf qE´rrJ ay;&/ axmufcq H E´rEJ iS fh uefu Y u G q
f E´rJ
ta&twGucf si;f wlnaD eonfu h pd &ö yfwiG of m ]tEdik rf }J ay;&rnf/
8/ (u) (1) jynfolYvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,fwpfOD;onf jynfolYvTwfawmf
tpnf;ta0;wpf&yfwGif jynfolYvTwfawmf\ cGihfjyKcsufr&bJ
tpnf;ta0;wufa&muf&ef tenf;qH;k &ufaygif; 15 &uf wpfquf
wnf;ysuu f u G v f Qif owfrwS xf m;onhef nf;vrf;rsm;ESit fh nD xdjk ynfoUl
vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,\ f ae&m vpfvyfonf[k jynfov Yl w T af wmfu
aMunmEdik o f nf/ jynfoUl vTwaf wmf tpnf;ta0;wufa&muf&ef cGirfh hJ
ysuu f u G o f nfh &ufaygif; 15 &ufukd a&wGu&f mü tpnf;ta0;
a&TUqdik ;f xm;onfh umvudx k nfo h iG ;f a&wGujf cif; rjyK&?
(2) jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf tpnf;ta0;odYk wufa&muf&rnfh jynfoYl
vT w f a wmf ud k , f p m;vS , f w pf O D ; onf jynf a xmif p k v T w f a wmf
tpnf;ta0;wpf&yfwiG f vTwaf wmf\cGijfh yKcsurf &bJ tpnf;ta0;
wufa&muf&ef &ufaygif; 15 &uf wpfqufwnf; ysuu f u G af Mumif;
jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf em,uxHrS taMumif;Mum;csu&f &Sv d Qif jynfoYl
vTwaf wmfu ,if;vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f m; owfrw S x f m;onfh
enf;vrf;rsm;ESifh tnDta&;,l&rnf/
( c ) (1) trsdK;om;vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fwpfOD;onf trsdK;om;vTwfawmf
tpnf; ta0;wpf&yfwiG f trsKd ;om;vTwaf wmf\ cGijfh yKcsurf &bJ
tpnf;ta0;wufa&muf&ef tenf;qH;k &ufaygif; 15 &uf wpfquf
wnf; ysufuGufvQif owfrSwfxm;onfh enf;vrf;rsm;ESihftnD
xdktrsdK;om; vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f\ ae&mvpfvyfonf[k
trsdK;om;vTwfawmfu aMunmEdkifonf/ trsdK;om;vTwfawmf
tpnf;ta0; wufa&muf&ef cGirfh yhJ suu f uG o f nfh &ufaygif; 15 &uf
87
udk a&wGu&f mü tpnf;ta0; a&TUqdik ;f xm;onfu h mvudk xnfo h iG ;f
a&wGujf cif;rjyK&?
(2) jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmftpnf;ta0;odYk wufa&muf&rnfh trsKd ;om;
vTwaf wmf ud, k pf m;vS,w f pfO;D onf jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf tpnf;ta0;
wpf&yfwiG f vTwaf wmf\cGijfh yKcsurf &bJ tpnf;ta0; wufa&muf&ef
&ufaygif; 15 &uf wpfqufwnf; ysuu f u G af Mumif; jynfaxmifpk
vTwaf wmf em,uxHrS taMumif;Mum;csu&f &Sv d Qit f rsK;d om;vTwaf wmfu
,if;vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f tm;owfrw S xf m;onhf enf;vrf;rsm;ESifh
tnD ta&;,l&rnf/
9/ (u) jynfov Yl wT af wmfonf vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af e&m tcsKd Uvpfvyfaeap
umrl jynfov Yl wT af wmfvyk if ef;rsm;udk aqmif&u G cf iG &hf odS nf/ xdUk tjyif tcGifh
ta&;r&So d w l pfO;D u jynfov Yl w
T af wmftpnf;ta0;odYk wufa&mufjcif;?
qE´raJ y;jcif; odUk r[kwf vTwaf wmfvyk if ef; wpf&yf&yfwiG f yg0if aqmif&u G cf jhJcif;
udk aemiftcgwGirf S ppfaq;awGU&Sad pumrl jynfoUl vTwaf wmf\ qH;k jzwf
aqmif&u G cf surf sm;onf ysujf y,fjcif;r&Sad p&?
( c ) trsKd ;om;vTwaf wmfonf vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af e&m tcsKd Uvpfvyfae
apumrl trsKd ;om;vTwaf wmfvyk if ef;rsm;udk aqmif&u G cf iG &hf o
dS nf/ xdt Yk jyif
tcGit fh a&;r&So d l wpfO;D u trsKd ;om;vTwaf wmftpnf;ta0;odYk wufa&muf
jcif;? qE´raJ y;jcif; odUk r[kwf vTwaf wmfvyk if ef;wpf&yf&yfwiG f yg0ifaqmif&u G f
cJjh cif;udk aemiftcgwGirf S ppfaq;awGU&Sad pumrl trsKd ;om;vTwaf wmf\
qH;k jzwfaqmif&u G cf surf sm;onf ysujf y,fjcif;r&Sad p&/
10/ (u) jynfov Yl w T af wmf\ aqmif&u G cf surf sm;ESifh rSww f rf;rsm;udk trsm;jynfol
od&EdS ikd &f ef xkwjf yef&rnf/ od&Yk mwGif Oya'wpf&yf&yft&jzpfap? jynfoYl
vTwaf wmf\ qH;k jzwfcsut f &jzpfap? wm;jrpfxm;onfh aqmif&u G cf surf sm;
ESirfh w
S w f rf;rsm;udk xkwjf yefjcif;rjyK&?
88
( c ) trsKd ;om;vTwaf wmf\aqmif&u G cf surf sm;ESirfh w
S wf rf;rsm;udk trsm;jynfol
od&EdS ikd &f ef xkwjf yef&rnf/ od&Yk mwGiOf ya' wpf&yf&yft&jzpfap? trsKd ;om;
vTwaf wmf\ qH;k jzwfcsut f &jzpfap wm;jrpfxm;onfh aqmif&u G cf surf sm;ESifh
rSwwf rf;rsm;udk xkwjf yefjcif;rjyK&/
11/ (u) ]]jynfaxmifpOk ya'jyKpm&if;}} wGiaf zmfjyaom udp&ö yfrsm;teuf jynfaxmifpk
vTwaf wmfwiG o f m Oya'Murf;wifoiG ;f qH;k jzwf&rnf[k þzGpYJ nf;yHt k ajccH
Oya'ü jy|mef;xm;onfh udp&ö yfrsm;rSty useu f pd &ö yfrsm;udk owfrw S xf m;
onfh enf;vrf;rsm;ESifhtnD jynfolYvTwfawmfwGif Oya'Murf;pwif
wifoiG ;f cGi&fh o dS nf?
( c ) ]]jynfaxmifpOk ya'jyKpm&if;}} wGiaf zmfjyaom udp&ö yfrsm;teuf jynfaxmifpk
vTwaf wmfwiG o f m Oya'Murf;wifoiG ;f qH;k jzwf&rnf[k þzGUJ pnf;yHt k ajccH
Oya'ü jy|mef;xm;onfh udp&ö yfrsm;rSty useu f pd &ö yfrsm;udk owfrw S f
xm;onfh enf;vrf;rsm;ESit fh nD trsKd ;om;vTwaf wmfwiG f Oya'Murf;pwif
wifoiG ;f cGi&fh o dS nf/
12/ (u) (1) jynfaxmifpv k w
T af wmfu jy|mef;onfh Oya't&jyKonfh enf;Oya'?
pnf;rsO;f Oya' odrYk [kwf pnf;urf;Oya' wpf&yf&yfukd xkwjf yefNy;D onfh
tcg oufqdkif&mtzGJUtpnf;onf rdrdxkwfjyefonhf enf;Oya'?
pnf;rsO;f Oya' odrYk [kwf pnf;urf;Oya'udk teD;uyfq;kH usi;f yaom
jynfov Yl w T af wmf yHrk eS t
f pnf;ta0;umvwGif vTwaf wmfOuú|u
cGijfh yKonhf tpDtpOfjzihf vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;xH jzefaY 0wifjy
&rnf?
(2) enf;Oya'? pnf;rsO;f Oya' odrYk [kwf pnf;urf;Oya' wpf&yf&yfonf
oufqikd &f mOya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;ESifh nDñw G rf I r&Sad Mumif;awGU&Syd gu
,if;enf;Oya'? pnf;rsO;f Oya' odrYk [kwf pnf;urf;Oya'udk y,fzsu&f ef
odrYk [kwf jyifqifap&ef enf;Oya'? pnf;rsO;f Oya' odrYk [kwf pnf;urf;
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Oya' jzefaY 0wifjyaomaeY&ufrS &ufaygif; 90 twGi;f vTwaf wmf
ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;u jynfov Yl w T af wmfwiG f tqdw k ifoiG ;f Edik o f nf?
(3) enf;Oya'? pnf;rsO;f Oya' odrYk [kwf pnf;urf;Oya' wpf&yf&yfukd
y,fzsu&f ef odrYk [kwf jyifqifap&ef qH;k jzwf&mwGif jynfov Yl w T af wmf
ESifh trsKd ;om;vTwaf wmfwYkd oabmuGv J yJG gu jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf
odYk wifjy&rnf/
(c) (1) jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmfu jy|mef;onfh Oya't&jyKonhf enf;Oya'?
pnf;rsOf;Oya' odkYr[kwf pnf;urf;Oya' wpf&yf&yfudk xkwfjyef
Ny;D onft h cg oufqikd &f mtzGt YJ pnf;onf rdrx d wk jf yefonfh enf;Oya'?
pnf;rsO;f Oya' odrYk [kwf pnf;urf; Oya'udk teD;uyfq;kH usi;f yaom
trsKd ;om;vTwaf wmf yHrk eS t f pnf;ta0;umvwGif vTwaf wmfOuú|u
cGijfh yKonft h pDtpOfjzihf vTwaf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;xH jzefaY 0wifjy&
rnf?
(2) enf;Oya'? pnf;rsO;f Oya' odrYk [kwf pnf;urf;Oya' wpf&yf&yfonf
oufqikd &f mOya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;ESihf nDñw G rf rI &Sad Mumif; awG&Y ydS gu
,if;enf;Oya'? pnf;rsO;f Oya' odrYk [kwf pnf;urf;Oya'udk y,fzsu&f ef
odkYr[kwf jyifqifap&ef enf;Oya'? pnf;rsOf;Oya' odkYr[kwf
pnf;urf;Oya' jzefaY 0wifjyaom aeY&ufr&S ufaygif; 90 twGi;f
vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;u trsdK;om;vTwfawmfwGif tqdk
wifoiG ;f Edik o f nf?
(3) enf;Oya'? pnf;rsO;f Oya' odrYk [kwf pnf;urf;Oya'wpf&yf&yfukd
y,fzsu&f ef odrYk [kwf jyifqifap&efq;kH jzwf&mwGif trsKd ;om;vTwaf wmf
ESijfh ynfov Yl w T af wmfwYkd oabmuGv J yJG gu jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfoYkd
wifjy&rnf/
13/ (u) (1) þzGUJ pnf;yHt k ajccHOya't& zGpYJ nf;onfjh ynfaxmifpt k qifh tzGYJ tpnf;
wpf&yf&yfuwifoiG ;f aom Oya'Murf;rsm;udk jynfaxmifpk vTwaf wmf
90
u owf r S w f x m;onf h enf ; vrf ; rsm;ES i h f t nD ay;yd k Y v mvQif
jynfolYvTwfawmfwGif pwifwifoGif;aom Oya'Murf;[krSwf,lí
jynfov Yl wT af wmfü aqG;aEG;qH;k jzwf&rnf?
(2) jynfov Yl w T af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;onf ]]jynfaxmifpOk ya'jyK pm&if;}}
wGif yg&Sad omudp&ö yfrsm;teuf jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfüom Oya'Murf;
wifoiG ;f qH;k jzwf&rnf[k þzGpYJ nf;yHt k ajccHOya'ü owfrw S jf y|mef;
xm;onhf udp&ö yfrsm;rSty useu f pd &ö yfrsm;ESifh pyfvsO;f aom Oya'Murf;
rsm;udk Oya'ESit fh nD jynfov Yl w T af wmfoYkd pwifwifoiG ;f cGi&fh o dS nf/
,if;Oya'Murf;rsm;udk owfrw S x f m;onhf enf;vrf;rsm;ESit fh nD jynfoYl
vTwaf wmfü aqG;aEG;qH;k jzwf&rnf?
(3) jynfolYvTwfawmfutwnfjyKonhf Oya'Murf;rsm;udk qufvuf
aqG;aEG;qH;k jzwfEikd &f ef trsKd ;om;vTwaf wmfoYkd ay;yd&Yk rnf/
(c) (1) þzGpYJ nf;yHt k ajccHOya't& zGUJ pnf;onhf jynfaxmifpt k qihf tzGUJ
tpnf; wpf&yf&yfuwifoiG ;f aomOya'Murf;rsm;udk jynfaxmifpk
vTwaf wmfuowfrw S x f m;onhf enf;vrf;rsm;ESit fh nD ay;ydv Yk mvQif
trsKd ;om;vTwaf wmfwiG f pwifwifoiG ;f aomOya'Murf;[krw S , f í
l
trsdK;om;vTwaf wmfü aqG;aEG;qH;k jzwf&rnf?
(2) trsKd ;om;vTwaf wmf ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;onf ]] jynfaxmifpOk ya'jyK
pm&if;}} wGif yg&Sad omudp&ö yfrsm;teuf jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmfüom
Oya'Murf; wifoGif;qHk;jzwf&rnf[k þzGJYpnf;yHktajccHOya'ü
owfrw S f jy|mef;xm;onhf udp&ö yfrsm;rSty useu f pd &ö yfrsm;ESifh pyfvsO;f
aom Oya'Murf;rsm;udk Oya'ESit fh nD trsKd ;om;vTwaf wmfoYkd pwif
wifoiG ;f cGifh &Sod nf/ ,if;Oya'Murf;rsm;udk owfrw S x f m;onhf enf;vrf;
rsm;ESitfh nD trsKd ;om;vTwaf wmfü aqG;aEG;qH;k jzwf&rnf/
(3) trsdK;om;vTwaf wmfu twnfjyKonfh Oya'Murf;rsm;udk qufvuf
aqG;aEG;qH;k jzwfEikd &f ef jynfov Yl w T af wmfoYkd ay;yd&Yk rnf/
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14/ (u) (1) jynfov Yl wT af wmfonf trsKd ;om;vTwaf wmfu ay;ydaYk om Oya'Murf;
wpf&yfukd vufc&H &So d nhtf cg trsKd ;om;vTwaf wmfuqH;k jzwfonfh
twdik ;f oabmwlaMumif; odrYk [kwf oabmrwlaMumif; odrYk [kwf
jyifqifcsurf sm;jzifh oabmwlaMumif; qH;k jzwfEikd o f nf/ xdk Oya'Murf;
udk jynfov Yl wT af wmf\ qH;k jzwfcsuEf iS t
hf wl trsKd;om;vTwaf wmfoYkd
jyefvnfay;yd&Yk rnf?
(2) jynfov Yl w T af wmfu ay;ydcYk ohJ nhf Oya'Murf;udk trsKd;om;vTwaf wmfu
jyifqifcsufrsm;jzifh jyefvnfay;ydkYvmvQif jynfolYvTwfawmfonf
trsKd ;om;vTwaf wmf\ jyifqifcsuu f kd vufcyH gu ,if;Oya'Murf;udk
jynfaxmifpv
k w
T af wmf em,uxH ay;yd&Yk rnf?
(3) jynfov Yl w
T af wmfonf trsKd ;om;vTwaf wmfoYkd ay;ydcYk ahJ om Oya'Murf;
wpf&yfESifhpyfvsOf;í trsdK;om;vTwfawmfESihf oabmuJGvJGvQif
jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmf\ tqH;k tjzwf &,l&rnf/
( c ) (1) trsKd;om;vTwaf wmfonf jynfov Yl w T af wmfuay;ydUk aom Oya'Murf;
wpf&yfukd vufc&H &So d nht
f cg jynfov Yl w
T af wmfuqH;k jzwfonht f wdik ;f
oabmwlaMumif; odrYk [kwf oabmrwlaMumif; odrYk [kwf jyifqifcsuf
rsm;jzifh oabmwlaMumif; qH;k jzwfEikd o f nf/ xkOd ya'Murf;udk trsKd ;om;
vTwfawmf\ qHk;jzwfcsufESifhtwl jynfolYvTwfawmfodkY jyefvnf
ay;yd&Yk rnf?
(2) trsKd;om;vTwaf wmfu ay;ydcYk o hJ nhf Oya'Murf;udk jynfov Yl w
T af wmfu
jyifqifcsurf sm;jzifh jyefvnfay;ydv Yk mvQif trsKd ;om;vTwaf wmfonf
jynfolYvTwfawmf\jyifqifcsufudk vufcHygu ,if;Oya'Murf;udk
jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmf em,uxH ay;yd&Yk rnf?
92
(3) trsKd ;om;vTwaf wmfonf jynfov Yl w
T af wmfoYkd ay;ydcYk ahJ om Oya'Murf;
wpf&yfEiS pfh yfvsO;f í jynfov Yl w T af wmfEiS fh oabmuJv G v GJ Qif jynfaxmifpk
vTwaf wmf\ tqH;k tjzwf&,l&rnf/
15/ (u) þzJUG pnf;yHt k ajccHOya't&zJUG pnf;onhf jynfaxmifpt k qifh tzJUG tpnf;
wpf&yf&yfukd ud, k pf m;jyKaomtzJUG tpnf;0ifrsm;onf -
(1) jynfoUl vTwaf wmfOuú|\ cGijhf yKcsujf zifh jynfov Yl w T af wmf tpnf;
ta0;odYk wufa&mufonht f cg rdrt d zJUG tpnf;ESifh oufqikd af om
Oya'Murf;rsm;okdYr[kwf udpö&yfrsm;ESihfpyfvsOf;í &Sif;vif;ajymqkd
aqG;aEG;cGi&hf o Sd nf?
(2) jynfoUl vTwaf wmfaumfrwDrsm;? aumfr&Sirf sm;ESit fh zJUG rsm;\ tpnf;
ta0;rsm;odYk ,if;aumfrwD? aumfr&Sif odrYk [kwf tzJUG tBu;D tuJ\
cGijhf yKcsujf zihf wufa&mufonht f cg rdrt d zJUG tpnf;ESifh oufqikd af om
Oya'Murf;rsm; okrYd [kwf udp&ö yfrsm;ESihf pyfvsO;f í &Si;f vif;ajymqdk
aqG;aEG;cGi&hf o dS nf/
( c ) þzJUG pnf;yHk tajccHOya't& zJUG pnf;onhf jynfaxmifpt k qifh tzJUG tpnf;
wpf&yf&yfukd ud, k pf m;jyKaom tzJUG tpnf;0ifrsm;onf -
(1) trsdK;om;vTwfawmfOuú|\cGifhjyKcsufjzifh trsdK;om;vTwfawmf
tpnf;ta0;odYk wufa&mufonht f cg rdrt d zJUG tpnf;ESifh oufqikd af om
Oya'Murf;rsm; okrYd [kwf udp&ö yfrsm;ESipfh yfvsO;f í &Si;f vif;ajymqdk
aqG;aEG;cGi&hf o dS nf?
(2) trsKd ;om;vTwaf wmfaumfrwDrsm;? aumfr&Sirf sm;ESit fh zJUG rsm;\ tpnf;
ta0;rsm;odYk ,if;aumfrwD? aumfr&Sif odrYk [kwf tzJUG tBu;D tuJ\
cGijfh yKcsujf zihf wufa&mufonft h cg rdrd tzJUG tpnf;ESifh oufqikd af om
Oya'Murf;rsm; odrYk [kwf udp&ö yfrsm;ESiphf yfvsO;f í &Si;f vif;ajymqdk
aqG;aEG;cGi&hf o dS nf/
93
16/ (u) jynfovYl w T af wmfOuú|onf -
(1) jynfov Yl w
T af wmftpnf;ta0;rsm;udk Bu;D MuyfuyG u f &J rnf?
(2) jynfolYvTwfawmftpnf;ta0;odkY wufa&mufí rdefYcGef;ajymMum;
vdak Mumif; Edik if aH wmfor®wu taMumif;Mum;vQif Edik if aH wmfor®wtm;
zdwMf um;&rnf?
(3) jynfoUl vTwaf wmftpnf;ta0;ü aqG;aEG;aqmif&u G q f J taMumif; t&m
wpf&yf&yfEiS pfh yfvsO;f í vdt k yfvQif þzJUG pnf;yHk tajccHOya't&
zJUG pnf;onhf jynfaxmifpt k qifth zJUG tpnf;wpf&yf&yfukd ud,k pf m;jyK
aomtzJGYtpnf;0ifrsm; odkYr[kwf yk*d¾Kvfrsm;udk jynfolYvTwfawmf
tpnf;ta0;odYk wufa&muf &Si;f vif;wifjyap&ef zdwMf um;cGi&hf o dS nf?
(4) þzJUG pnf;yHt k ajccHOya't&aomfvnf;aumif;? Oya'wpf&yf&yft&
aomfvnf;aumif; owfrw S xf m;onhf tjcm;wm0efEiS fh vkyyf ikd cf iG rhf sm;
aqmif&u G &f rnf/
( c ) trsKd ;om;vTwaf wmfOuú|onf -
(1) trsKd ;om;vTwaf wmftpnf;ta0;rsm;udk Bu;D MuyfuyG u f &J rnf?
(2) trsKd ;om;vTwaf wmftpnf;ta0;odYk wufa&mufí rdecYf eG ;f ajymMum;
vdak Mumif; Edik if aH wmfor®wu taMumif;Mum;vQif Edik if aH wmfor®w
tm; zdwMf um;&rnf?
(3) trsKd ;om;vTwaf wmftpnf;ta0;ü aqG;aEG;aqmif&u G qf J taMumif;
t&mwpf&yf&yfEiS hf pyfvsO;f ívkt d yfvQif þzJUG pnf;yHt
k ajccH Oya't&
zJUG pnf;onhf jynfaxmifpt k qihf tzJUG tpnf;wpf&yf&yfukd ud, k pf m;
jyKaom tzJUG tpnf;0ifrsm; odrYk [kwf yk*K¾d vrf sm;udk trsK;d om; vTwaf wmf
tpnf;ta0;odw Yk ufa&muf &Si;f vif;wifjyap&ef zdwMf um;cGi&hf odS nf?
94
(4) þzJUG pnf;yHt k ajccHOya't& aomfvnf;aumif;? Oya'wpf&yf&yft&
aomfvnf;aumif; owfrw S x
f m;onht f jcm;wm0efEiS fh vkyyf ikd cf iG rhf sm;
aqmif&u G &f rnf/
17/ (u) (1) jynfolYvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;onf þzJGUpnf;yHktajccHOya'
ygjy|mef;csurf sm;ESiv fh nf;aumif;? jynfov Yl wT af wmfqikd &f mOya'yg
jy|mef;csurf sm;ESiv fh nf;aumif; rqefu Y sivf Qif jynfov Yl w T af wmfEiS fh
jynfolYvTwfawmfaumfrwDwdkYwGif vGwfvyfpGmajymqdkcGifhESihf qE´rJ
ay;cG i f h & S d o nf / xk d o d k Y jynf o l Y v T w f a wmfESihf jynfolYvTwfawmf
aumfrwDrsm;wGif wifjyaqG;aEG;jcif;? aqmif&u G jf cif;wdEYk iS fh pyfvsO;f í
jynfolYvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fwpfOD;udk jynfolYvTwfawmfqdkif&m
Oya'rSty tjcm;Oya't& ta&;,ljcif;rjyK&?
(2) jynfov Yl w
T af wmf tpnf;ta0;odjYk zpfap? jynfov Yl w
T af wmf aumfrwD
wpf&yf&yf\ tpnf;ta0;odjYk zpfap wufa&muf&ef cGijhf yKjcif; odrYk [kwf
zdwfMum;jcif;cH&aom þzJGUpnf;yHktajccHOya't& zJGUpnf;onhf
jynfaxmifpktqihf tzJGUtpnf;wpf&yf&yfudk udk,fpm;jyKaom
tzJUG tpnf;0ifrsm; odrYk [kwf yk*K¾d vrf sm;onf þzJUG pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'yg
jy|mef;csurf sm;ESiafh omfvnf;aumif;? jynfov Yl wT af wmfqikd &f m Oya'yg
jy|mef;csurf sm;ESifh aomfvnf;aumif; rqefu Y siv f Qif jynfov Yl w
T af wmf
okrYd [kwf jynfov Yl w T af wmf aumfrwDrsm;wGif vGwv f yfpmG ajymqdck iG hf
&So
d nf/ jynfov Yl wT af wmf okrYd [kwf jynfov Yl w T af wmf aumfrwDrsm;wGif
wifjy ajymqdrk rI sm;ESipfh yfvsO;f í ,if;tzJUG tpnf;0ifrsm; odrYk [kwf
yk*K¾d vrf sm;tm; jynfov Yl w
T af wmfqikd &f m Oya'rSty tjcm;Oya't&
ta&;,ljcif; rjyK&?
95
(3) txuftyk'd cf iJG ,f (1) ESihf (2) wGiyf g&Sad om yk*K¾d vrf sm;onf txufyg
tcGit fh a&;rsm;ukd usio hf ;Hk Mu&mwGif uk, d xf vd ufa&mufusL;vGerf rI sm;
&Scd yhJ gu ,if;wko Yd nf jynfoUl vTwaf wmf\ pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;? vkyx f ;Hk
vkyef nf;rsm;t& vnf;aumif;? wnfqOJ ya'rsm;t& vnf;aumif;
ta&;,ljcif;cH&rnf/
( c ) (1) trsdK;om;vTwaf wmf ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;onf þzJUG pnf;yHt k ajccH Oya'yg
jy|mef;csurf sm;ESifh vnf;aumif;? trsKd ;om;vTwaf wmfqikd &f m Oya'yg
jy|mef;csurf sm;ESiv fh nf;aumif;? rqefu Y sivf Qif trsKd;om; vTwaf wmfEiS fh
trsKd;om;vTwaf wmf aumfrwDww Ykd iG f vGwv f yfpmG ajymqdck iG Efh iS hf qE´rJ
ay;cGi&fh o dS nf/ xdo k Ykd trsKd;om;vTwaf wmfEiS fh trsKd ;om;vTwaf wmf
aumfrwDrsm;wGif wifjyaqG;aEG;jcif;? aqmif&u G jf cif;wdEYk iS fh pyfvsO;f í
trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f wpfO;D udk trsdK;om;vTwaf wmfqikd &f m
(2) trsKd;om;vTwfawmftpnf;ta0;odkYjzpfap? trsKd ;om;vTwfawmf
aumfrwD wpf&yf&yf\ tpnf;ta0;odjYk zpfap wufa&muf&ef cGijhf yKjcif;
odrYk [kwf zdwMf um;jcif;cH&aom þzJUG pnf;yHt k ajccHOya't& zJUG pnf;
onhf jynfaxmifpt k qihf tzJUG tpnf;wpf&yf&yfukd ud, k pf m;jyKaom
tzJUG tpnf;0ifrsm; odrYk [kwf yk*K¾dvrf sm;onf þzJUG pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'yg
jy|mef;csurf sm;ESiafh omfvnf;aumif;? trsKd;om;vTwaf wmfqikd &f m Oya'yg
jy|mef;csufrsm;ESihfaomfvnf;aumif; rqefYusifvQif trsdK;om;
vTwaf wmf odrYk [kwf trsKd;om;vTwaf wmf aumfrwDrsm;wGif vGwv f yfpmG
ajymqdck iG &hf o
dS nf/ trsKd;om;vTwaf wmf odrYk [kwf trsKd;om;vTwaf wmf
aumfrwDrsm;wGif wifjyajymqdrk rI sm;ESipfh yfvsO;f í ,if;tzJUG tpnf;0ifrsm;
odrYk [kwf yk*K¾d vrf sm;tm; trsKd;om;vTwaf wmfqikd &f m Oya'rSty tjcm;
Oya't& ta&;,ljcif;rjyK&?
96
(3) txuftyk'd cf iJG ,f (1) ESihf (2) wGiyf g&Sad om yk*K¾d vrf sm;onf txufyg
tcGit fh a&;rsm;ukd usio hf ;Hk Mu&mwGif uk,
d x f vd ufa&muf usL;vGerf rI sm;
&Scd yhJ gu ,if;wko Yd nf trsdK;om;vTwaf wmf\ pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;? vkyx f ;Hk
vkyef nf;rsm;t&vnf;aumif;? wnfqOJ ya'rsm;t& vnf;aumif;
ta&;,ljcif;cH&rnf/
18/ (u) (1) jynfov Yl w T af wmf tpnf;ta0; wufa&mufaeaom jynfov Yl w
T af wmf
ud, k pf m;vS,w f pfO;D udjk zpfap? vTwaf wmfOuú|\ cGijhf yKcsuf odrYk [kwf
zdwMf um;csut f & ,if;tpnf;ta0;odYk wufa&mufaeaom yk*K¾d vf
wpfO;D udk jzpfap zrf;qD;&ef vdt k yfygu cdik vf akH omtaxmuftxm;udk
jynfov Yl wT af wmf Ouú|xH wifjy&rnf/ jynfov Yl w
T af wmfOuú|\
BuKd wifciG jfh y Kcsurf &&Sb d J zrf;qD;jcif;rjyK&?
(2) jynfolYvTwfawmfaumfrwDwpf&yf&yf\ tpnf;ta0;wGifaomf
vnf;aumif;? jynfov Yl w
T af wmfuzJUG pnf;aomaumfr&Sif odrYk [kwf
tzJGUwpfckck\ tpnf;ta0;wGifaomfvnf;aumif; tpnf;ta0;
wufa&mufaeonhf ,if;aumfrwD? aumfr&Sif odrYk [kwf tzJUG \tzJUG 0if
wpfO;D tm; zrf;qD;&efvt kd yfygu cdik v
f akH om taxmuftxm;udk
oufqikd &f maumfrwD? aumfr&Sif odrYk [kwf tzJUG \tBu;D tuJrw S pfqifh
jynfov Yl w T af wmfOuú|xH wifjy&rnf/ jynfov Yl w T af wmf Ouú|\
BuKd wifciG jhf yKcsurf &&Sb d J zrf;qD;jcif;rjyK&?
(3) jynfolYvTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfolYvTwfawmfaumfrwD odkYr[kwf
jynfolYvTwfawmfu zJGUpnf;aomaumfr&SifESihf tzJGUtpnf;ta0;
usif;ycsdefr[kwfvQif jynfolYvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,fwpfOD;tm;
zrf;qD;ygu xdo k zYkd rf;qD;jcif;ESifh pyfvsO;f onfh cdik v
f akH omtaxmuf
txm;udk jynfov Yl wT af wmfOuú|xH aqmvsipf mG wifjy&rnf/
97
( c ) (1) trsKd ;om;vTwaf wmf tpnf;ta0; wufa&mufaeaom trsKd ;om;
vTwaf wmf ud, k pf m;vS,w f pfO;D udjk zpfap? vTwaf wmfOuú|\ cGijhf yKcsuf
odrYk [kwf zdwMf um;csut f & ,if;tpnf;ta0;odYk wufa&mufaeaom
yk*d¾KvfwpfOD;udkjzpfap zrf;qD;&efvdktyfygu cdkifvHkaomtaxmuf
txm;udk trsdK;om;vTwfawmfOuú|xH wifjy&rnf/ trsdK;om;
vTwaf wmfOuú|\ BudKwifciG jhf yKcsurf &&Sb d J zrf;qD;jcif;rjyK&?
(2) trsdK;om;vTwfawmfaumfrwDwpf&yf&yf\ tpnf;ta0;wGifaomf
vnf;aumif;? trsKd ;om;vTwaf wmfuzJUG pnf;aom aumfr&Sif odrYk [kwf
tzJGUwpfckck\ tpnf;ta0;wGifaomfvnf;aumif; tpnf;ta0;
wufa&mufaeonhf ,if;aumfrwD? aumfr&Sif odrYk [kwf tzJUG \tzJUG 0if
wpfO;D tm; zrf;qD;&efvt kd yfygu cdik v f akH om taxmuftxm;udk
oufqikd &f maumfrwD? aumfr&Sif odrYk [kwf tzJUG \tBu;D tuJrS wpfqifh
trsdK;om;vTwaf wmfOuú|xH wifjy&rnf/ trsK;d om; vTwaf wmfOuú|\
BuKd wifciG jhf yKcsurf &&Sb d J zrf;qD;jcif;rjyK&?
(3) trsKd;om;vTwaf wmf odrYk [kwf trsKd;om;vTwaf wmfaumfrwD odrYk [kwf
trsKd;om;vTwaf wmfu zJUG pnf;aomaumfr&SiEf iS fh tzJUG tpnf;ta0;
usi;f ycsed f r[kwv f Qif trsKd ;om;vTwaf wmf ud, k pf m;vS,w f pfO;D tm;
zrf;qD;ygu xdo k zYdk rf;qD;jcif;ESiphf yfvsO;f onhf cdik v f akH om taxmuf
txm;udk trsKd;om;vTwaf wmfOuú|xH aqmvsipf mG wifjy&rnf/
19/ (u) jynfov Yl w T af wmfu aomfvnf;aumif;? ,if;vTwaf wmf\ tcGit hf mPmt&
aomfvnf;aumif; jzefcY sx d wk af 0onhf tpD&ifcpH mrsm;? pm&Gupf mwrf;rsm;?
vTwaf wmfrw S wf rf;rsm;ESipfh yfvsO;f í w&m;pJq G ykd ikd cf iG hf r&Sad p&?
( c ) trsdK;om;vTwaf wmfu aomfvnf;aumif;? ,if;vTwaf wmf\ tcGit fh mPm
t& aomfvnf;aumif; jzefcY sx d w k af 0onht f pD&ifcpH mrsm;? pm&Gupf mwrf;rsm;?
vTwaf wmfrw S wf rf;rsm;ESipfh yfvsO;f í w&m;pJq G ykd ikd cf iG fh r&Sad p&/
98
wkid ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw
T af wmf
1/ (u) wkid ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf oufwrf;pwifonfh aeY&uf
onf jynfoUl vTwaf wmfoufwrf; pwifonfah eY&ufjzpfonf?
( c ) wkid ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf\ yxrtBurd yf rHk eS f tpnf;
ta0;ukd ,if;vTwaf wmf\oufwrf; pwifonfah eYrS (15) &uftwGi;f
usi;f y&rnf/
2/ (u) þzJUG pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'tmPmwnfNy;D aemuf yxrtBurd f wkid ;f a'oBu;D
odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf ykHrSeftpnf;ta0;ukd EkdifiHawmfat;csrf;
om,ma&;ESizhf UHG NzKd ;a&;aumifpu D ac:,lusi;f y&rnf?
( c ) wkid ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf\ aemifoufwrf;rsm;twGuf
yxrtBurd f ykrH eS t
f pnf;ta0;rsm;ukd þzJUG pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csuEf iS hf
tnD wm0efqufvufxrf;aqmifvsu&f adS om wkid ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf
jynfe,fvw T af wmfOuú|u ac:,lusi;f y&rnf/
3/ (u) yxrtBurd u f si;f yaom wkid ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf ykrH eS f
tpnf;ta0;wGif wkid ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf uk,
d pf m;vS,f
rsm;onf wkid ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf obmywda&SUarSmufü
uwdopömjyK&rnf?
( c ) uwdopömrjyK&ao;aom wkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf
ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;onf pwifwufa&mufaom wkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf
jynfe,fvw T af wmf tpnf;ta0;wGif vTwaf wmfOuú| a&SUarSmufü uwdopöm
jyK&rnf/
4/ wkid ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf ykrH eS t
f pnf;ta0;ukd wkid ;f a'oBu;D
odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfOuú|u wpfESpfvQiftenf;qkH; wpfBudrfac:,l
usi;f y&rnf/ ykrH eS t f pnf;ta0; wpfBurd Ef iS hf wpfBurd t f Mum; t&SnMf umqk;H
umvonf (12) v xufrykad p&/
99
5/ wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmftpnf;ta0;ü atmufyg udp&ö yfrsm;
aqmif&u G o f nf
(u) Edik if aH wmfor®wajymMum;onhf rdecYf eG ;f udk rSww f rf;wifjcif;?
( c ) Edik if aH wmfor®wu ay;ydaYk omo0PfvmT ESifh Ouú|ucGijfh yKaom tjcm;
o0PfvmT rsm;udk zwfMum;jcif;? rSww f rf;wifjcif;?
( * ) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyf ajymMum;onhf rdecYf eG ;f udk
rSww f rf;wifjcif;?
(C) Oya'Murf;wifoiG ;f jcif;? aqG;aEG;jcif;? qk;H jzwfjcif;?
( i ) þzGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;t&vnf;aumif;? wnfqOJ ya'
wpf&yf&yfyg jy|mef;csurf sm;t&vnf;aumif;? wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf
jynfe,fvw T af wmfu aqmif&u G &f rnhf udp&ö yfrsm;ESipfh yfvsO;f í aqG;aEG;
jcif;? qk;H jzwfjcif;?
( p ) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfoYkd wifoiG ;f onhf tpD&ifcpH m
rsm;udk aqG;aEG;jcif;? qk;H jzwfjcif;? rSww f rf;wifjcif;?
(q) tqdw k ifoiG ;f jcif;? aqG;aEG;jcif;? qk;H jzwfjcif;?
( Z ) ar;cGe;f ar;jref;jcif;? ajzMum;jcif;?
(ps) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfOuú|u cGijfhyKonhu f pd &ö yfrsm;ESifh
pyfvsO;f í aqmif&u G jf cif;/
6/ (u) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf txl;tpnf;ta0;udk jzpfap?
ta&;ay:tpnf;ta0;udkjzpfap usif;y&efvdktyfvQif oufqdkif&m
wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfOuú|u ac:,lusi;f yEdik o f nf?
( c ) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf tpnf;ta0;udk ac:,lusi;f y
ay;&ef wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyu f taMumif;Mum;vQif
wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf Ouú|onf vTwaf wmf txl;
100
tpnf;ta0;udk jzpfap? ta&;ay:tpnf;ta0;udjk zpfap tjrefq;Hk ac:,l
usi;f y&rnf?
( * ) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf tpnf;ta0;udk ac:,lusi;f y
ay;&ef wkid ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,f pkpak ygif;
OD;a&teuf tenf;qk;H av;ykw H pfyu Hk awmif;qdv k Qif wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf
jynfe,fvw T af wmfOuú|u txl;tpnf;ta0;udk tjrefq;Hk ac:,l usi;f y
&rnf/
7/ (u) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf tpnf;ta0;wpf&yf\ yxr
aeYwGif wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;odkY
wufa&mufciG &fh o dS nhf vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f pkpak ygif;OD;a&\ xuf0ufausmf
OD;a& wufa&mufvQif ,if;tpnf;ta0; txajrmufonf/ tu,fí tx
rajrmufygu tpnf;ta0;ukd a&TUqkid ;f usi;f y&rnf?
( c ) tyk'd cf JG (u) t& tpnf;ta0; txrajrmufonft h wGuf a&TUqdik ;f usi;f y
aom tpnf;ta0;rsm;ESifh tpnf;ta0; txajrmufNy;D aemuf qufvuf
usi;f yaom tpnf;ta0;rsm;wGif wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,f vTwaf wmf
tpnf;ta0;udk wufa&mufciG &hf o dS nhf vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f pkpak ygif;
OD;a&teuf tenf;qk;H ok;H ykw H pfyHk wufa&mufvQif ,if;tpnf;ta0;rsm;
txajrmufonf/
8/ (u) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfwGif tqkH;tjzwfjyK&rnhf
taMumif;t&m wpf&yfEiS pfh yfvsO;f í rJcq JG ;Hk jzwf&mü þzGUJ pnf;ykH tajccH
Oya'wGif tjcm;enf; jy|mef;xm;jcif;r&Sv d Qif tpnf;ta0;odw Yk ufa&muf
í qE´raJ y;onhf wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,f
rsm;\ rsm;&mqE´rjJ zihf qk;H jzwf&rnf?
101
( c ) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;rsm;wGif rJcGJ
qk;H jzwfonhf udprö sm;ü wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf Ouú|
odrYk [kwf Ouú|wm0ef xrf;aqmifaeonhf 'kw, d Ouú|onf qE´rrJ ay;&?
axmufcq H E´rEJ iS fh uefuY u
G q f E´rJ ta&twGucf si;f wlnaD eonhf udp&ö yf
wGio f m ]tEdik rf }J ay;&rnf/
9/ wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,w f pfO;D onf wdik ;f a'oBu;D
odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf tpnf;ta0;wpf&yfwiG f wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf
jynfe,fvw T af wmf\ cGijfh yKcsurf &bJ tpnf;ta0; wufa&muf&ef tenf;qk;H
&ufaygif; 15 &uf wpfqufwnf; ysuu f uG v
f Qif owfrw S xf m;onhf enf;vrf;rsm;
ESihftnD xdkwdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,f\
ae&mvpfvyfonf[k wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,f vTwaf wmfu aMunm
Ed k i f o nf / wd k i f ; a'oBuD ; od k Y r [k w f jynf e ,f v T w f a wmf tpnf ; ta0;
wufa&muf&ef cGirfh yhJ suu f uG o
f nfh &ufaygif; 15 &ufukd a&wGu&f mü tpnf;ta0;
a&TUqdik ;f xm;onhu f mvudk xnho f iG ;f a&wGujf cif; rjyK&/
10/ wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfonf vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f ae&m
tcsKd U vpfvyfaeapumrl wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf vkyif ef;rsm;udk
aqmif&u G cf iG &fh o
dS nf/ xdjYk yif tcGit fh a&;r&So d w l pfO;D u wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf
jynfe,fvw T af wmf tpnf;ta0;odYk wufa&mufcjhJ cif;? qE´raJ y;cJjh cif; odrYk [kwf
vTwaf wmfvyk if ef;wpf&yf&yfwiG f yg0ifaqmif&u G cf jhJ cif;ukd aemiftcgwGirf S ppfaq;
awGU&Sad pumrl wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf\ qk;H jzwfaqmif&u G f
csurf sm;onf ysujf y,fjcif;r&Sad p&/
11/ wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf\ aqmif&u G cf surf sm;ESifh rSww f rf;rsm;udk
trsm;jynfoo l &d EdS ikd &f ef xkwjf yef&rnf/ od&Yk mwGif Oya'wpf&yf&yft& jzpfap?
wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf\ qH;k jzwfcsut f &jzpfap wm;jrpf
xm;onhf aqmif&u G cf surf sm;ESifh rSww f rf;rsm;udk xkwjf yefjcif;rjyK&/
102
12/ wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfonf ]]wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf
jynfe,fOya'jyKpm&if;}} wGif azmfjyaom udp&ö yfrsm;ESifh pyfvsO;f í wdik ;f a'o
Bu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,f wpf0ef;vH;k twGuaf omfvnf;aumif;? wdik ;f a'oBu;D
odkYr[kwf jynfe,f wpfpdwfwpfa'otwGufaomfvnf;aumif; tmPm
oufa&mufap&ef Oya'jyKciG &hf o dS nf/
13/ (u) wkid ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfonfOya'wpf&yfjy|mef;onfh
tcg-
(1) þzJUG pnf;ykt H ajccHOya't&zJUG pnf;onfh wkid ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf
jynfe,ftqifh tzJUG tpnf;wpf&yf&yftm; ,if;Oya'ESihf oufqidk f
onfh enf;Oya'? pnf;rsO;f Oya'ESih f pnf;urf;Oya'rsm; xkwjf yefciG u hf dk
tyfEiS ;f Ekid of nf?
(2) oufqidk &f mtzJUG tpnf; odrYk [kwf tmPmykid t f m; ,if;Oya'ESihf
oufqidk o f nfh trdeUf aMumfjimpm? trde?Yf ñTeMf um;csuEf iS hf vkyx f ;Hk
vkyef nf;rsm;xkwjf yefciG u hf dk tyfEiS ;f Ekid of nf/
( c ) Oya'wpf&yfu tyfEiS ;f onfv h yk yf idk cf iG thf & jyKvyk af om enf;Oya'? pnf;rsO;f
Oya'? pnf;urf;Oya'? trdeaYf Mumfjimpm? trde?Yf ñTeMf um;csuEf iS hf vkyx f ;Hk
vkyef nf;rsm;onf þzJUG pnf;ykH tajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;ESihf vnf;aumif;?
oufqidk &f mOya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;ESiv hf nf;aumif; nDñw G rf &I &dS rnf?
( * ) wkid ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfu jy|mef;onfh Oya't& jyKonfh
enf;Oya'? pnf;rsO;f Oya' odrYk [kwf pnf;urf;Oya'wpf&yf&yfudk xkwjf yef
Ny;D onft h cg oufqidk &f m tzJUG tpnf;onf rdrx d wk jf yefonfh enf;Oya'?
pnf;rsOf;Oya' okdYr[kwf pnf;urf;Oya'ukd teD;uyfqkH;usif;yaom
wkid ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfyrHk eS f tpnf;ta0;umvwGif
vTwaf wmfOuú|u cGijfh yKonft h pDtpOfjzifh vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;xH
jzefaY 0wifjy&rnf?
103
(C) enf;Oya'? pnf;rsOf;Oya' odkYr[kwf pnf;urf;Oya'wpf&yf&yfonf
oufqidk &f m Oya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;ESihf nDñw G rf rI &Sad Mumif; awGU&Syd gu
,if;enf;Oya'? pnf;rsO;f Oya' odrYk [kwf pnf;urf;Oya'ukd y,fzsu&f ef
okrYd [kwf jyifqifap&ef enf;Oya'? pnf;rsO;f Oya' okrYd [kwf pnf;urf;Oya'
jzefaY 0wifjyaom aeY&ufrS &ufaygif; (90) twGi;f vTwaf wmf uk, d pf m;vS,f
rsm;u wkid ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfwiG f tqkw d ifoiG ;f Edik of nf?
( i ) enf;Oya'? pnf;rsO;f Oya' okrYd [kwf pnf;urf;Oya'wpf&yf&yfudk y,fzsu&f ef
okrYd [kwf jyifqifap&ef wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f vTwaf wmfu
qk;H jzwfygu xko d yYdk ,fzsujf cif; odrYk [kwf jyifqifapjcif;rjyKrD enf;Oya'?
pnf;rsO;f Oya' okrYd [kwf pnf;urf;Oya't& aqmif&u G cf NhJ y;D aom trIupd ö
rsm;ukd xdcu dk jf cif;r&Sad p&/
14/ (u) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf\ tqH;k tjzwf&,lrnhf udp&ö yfrsm;?
oabmwlncD su&f ,lrnhu f pd &ö yfrsm;? twnfjyKcsu, f rl nfh udp&ö yfrsm;udk
atmufygtwdik ;f aqmif&u G &f rnf -
(1) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmftpnf;ta0; usi;f yqJ
umvjzpfvQif ,if;tpnf;ta0;ü aqG;aEG;qH;k jzwf&rnf?
(2) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jy nfe,fvw T af wmftpnf;ta0; usi;f yqJ
umvr[kwv f Qif teD;uyfq;kH wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,f
vTwaf wmf tpnf;ta0;ü aqG;aEG;qH;k jzwf&rnf?
(3) trsm;jynfot l usKd ;iSm tvsit f jrefaqmif&u G &f rnfh udp&ö yfrsm;udk
txl;tpnf;ta0; odrYk [kwf ta&;ay:tpnf;ta0;ac:,l usi;f yí
aqG;aEG;qH;k jzwf&rnf/
104
15/ (u) þzJUG pnf;yHt k ajccHOya't& zJUG pnf;onhf wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,f
tqifh tzJUG tpnf;rsm;onf ]]wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fOya'jyK
pm&if;}} wGif yg&Sad om udp&ö yfrsm;teuf rdrw d pYkd rD cH efcY o GJ nfh udp&ö yfrsm;ESifh
pyfvsO;f aom Oya'Murf;rsm;udk owfrw S x f m;onhf enf;vrf;rsm;ESit fh nD
wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfoYkd wifoiG ;f cGi&hf o dS nf?
( c ) wdkif;a'oBuD;odkYr[kwf jynfe,ftpdk;&tzJGUuom wifoGif;cGihf&Sdaom
wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fa'oEÅ&pDrHudef;? ESpfpOft& toHk;
cefrY eS ;f ajcaiGpm&if;ESihf tcGet f aumufqikd &f m Oya'Murf;rsm;udk owfrw S f
xm;onfh enf;vrf;rsm;ESihftnD wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,f
vTwaf wmfoYkd wifoiG ;f &rnf/
16/ wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;onf ]]wdik ;f a'oBu;D
odrYk [kwf jynfe,fOya'jyKpm&if;}} wGiyf g&Sad om udp&ö yfrsm;teuf wdik ;f a'oBu;D
odrYk [kwf jynfe,ftpd;k &tzJUG uom Oya'Murf;wifoiG ;f &rnf[k þzJUG pnf;yHk
tajccHOya'ü owfrw S jf y|mef;xm;onfh udp&ö yfrsm;rSty useu f pd &ö yfrsm;ESihf
pyfvsOf;aom Oya'Murf;rsm;udk owfrSwfxm;onfh enf;vrf;rsm;ESihftnD
wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfoYkd wifoiG ;f cGi&hf o dS nf/
17/ wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfonf wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf
jynfe,ftpd;k &u ]]wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,f\ &aiGo;kH aiGvsmxm;csu}f }
udk owfrw S x f m;onhf enf;vrf;rsm;ESit fh nD wifoiG ;f vmvQif tqk;H tjzwfay;
&rnf/
18/ (u) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyo f nf -
(1) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfu twnfjyKaom
Oya' Murf;rsm;udk vufc&H &So d nfah eY\ aemufwpfaeYrS ckepf&uf
twGi;f vufrw S af &;xd;k í Oya'tjzpf xkwjf yefaMunm&rnf?
105
(2) ud, k yf ikd tf yk cf sKycf iG &hf wdik ;f odrYk [kwf ud, k yf ikd t
tzJUG u twnfjyKaom Oya'Murf;rsm;udk vufc&H &So d nfah eY\
aemufwpfaeYrS 14 &uftwGi;f vufrw S af &;xd;k í Oya'tjzpf
xkwjf yefaMunm&rnf/
(c) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyu f vufrw S af &;xd;k í Oya'tjzpf
xkwfjyefaMunm&ef owfrSwfxm;onhf umvtwGif; Oya'Murf;udk
0efBu;D csKyu f vufrw S af &;xd;k í Oya'tjzpf xkwjf yefaMunmjcif;rjyKvQif
owfrw S u f mv jynfah jrmufonfh aeY&ufwiG f Oya'Murf;onf 0efBu;D csKy\ f
vufrw S af &;xd;k csuu f kd &&SNd y;D ouJo h Ykd Oya'jzpfvm&rnf?
(*) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyfu vufrSwfa&;xdk;NyD;aom
Oya'rsm;ESihf wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyf\ vufrSwf
a&;xd;k csuu f &kd &SNd y;D ouJo h Ykd rSw, f &l rnfjzpfaom Oya'rsm;udk Edik if aH wmf
jyefwrf;wGif xkwjf yefaMunm&rnf/ xkOd ya'wGif oD;jcm;azmfjycsurf ygvQif
xkwjf yefaMunmonfah eYrpS í tmPmwnf&rnf/
19/ (u) þzGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya't& zGUJ pnf;onhf wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,f
tqihf tzGUJ tpnf;wpf&yf&yfukd ud, k pf m;jyKaom tzGUJ tpnf;0ifrsm;teuf
wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,jf zpfaom tzGUJ tpnf;
0ifrsm;onf vTwaf wmftpnf;ta0;rsm;wGif rdrt d zGUJ tpnf;ESifh oufqikd af om
Oya'Murf;rsm; odrYk [kwf udp&ö yfrsm;ESipfh yfvsO;f í &Si;f vif;ajymqdk aqG;aEG;
cGiEfh iS fh qE´raJ y;ydik cf iG &fh o dS nf?
(c) þzGUJ pnf;ykH tajccHOya't& zGUJ pnf;onhf wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,f
tqihf tzGUJ tpnf; wpf&yf&yfukd ud, k pf m;jyKaom tzGUJ tpnf;0ifrsm;teuf
wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,f r[kwaf om
tzGJUtpnf;0ifrsm;onf vTwfawmfOuú|\ cGihfjyKcsufjzihf vTwfawmf
tpnf;ta0;odYk wufa&mufonht f cg rdrt d zGUJ tpnf;ESifh oufqikd af om
106
Oya'Murf;rsm; odrYk [kwf udp&ö yfrsm;ESipfh yfvsO;f í &Si;f vif;ajymqdk aqG;aEG;cGifh
&So
d nf/
20/ wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfOuú|onf -
(u) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf tpnf;ta0;rsm;udk Bu;D Muyf
uGyu f &J rnf?
( c ) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmftpnf;ta0;odYk wufa&mufí
rdecYf eG ;f ajymMum;vdak Mumif; Edik if aH wmfor®wu taMumif;Mum;vQif Edik if aH wmf
or®wtm; zdwMf um;&rnf?
( * ) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyu f rdecYf eG ;f ajymMum;vdak Mumif;
taMumif;Mum;vQif vdt k yfovdk pDpOfaqmif&u G af y;&rnf?
(C) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrY k [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmftpnf;ta0;ü aqG;aEG;aqmif&u G qf J
taMumif;t&m wpf&yf&yfEiS pfh yfvsO;f í vdt k yfvQif þzGUJ pnf;ykH tajccH
Oya't& zGUJ pnf;onhf wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,ftqihf tzGUJ tpnf;
wpf&yf&yfukd ud, k pf m;jyKaom tzGUJ tpnf;0ifrsm; odrYk [kwf yk*Kd¾ vrf sm;udk
wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfoYkd wufa&muf &Si;f vif;wifjy
ap&ef zdwMf um;cGi&fh o dS nf?
(i) þzGUJ pnf;ykH tajccHOya't&aomfvnf;aumif;? Oya'wpf&yf&yft&aomf
vnf;aumif; owfrw S xf m;onhf tjcm;wm0efEiS fh vkyyf ikd cf iG rfh sm; aqmif&u G f
&rnf/
21/ (u) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;onf þ zGUJ pnf;ykH
tajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;ESiv fh nf;aumif;? wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf
jynfe,fvTwfawmfqdkif&m Oya'ygjy|mef;csufrsm;ESihfvnf;aumif;
rqefu Y sivf Qif wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfEiS fh wdik ;f a'oBu;D
odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfu zGJUpnf;onhf aumfrwDESihftzGJUwdkYwGif
vGwv f yfpmG ajymqdck iG Efh iS hf qE´raJ y;cGi&fh o dS nf/ xdo k Ykd wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf
107
jynfe,fvw T af wmf? vTwaf wmfaumfrwDEiS fh tzGUJ rsm;wGif wifjyaqG;aEG;jcif;?
aqmif&u G jf cif;wdEYk iS pfh yfvsO;f í wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf
ud, k pf m;vS,w f pfO;D udk wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfqikd &f m
(c) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf tpnf;ta0;odYk wufa&muf&ef
cGijfh yKjcif; odrYk [kwf zdwMf um;jcif;cH&aom þzGUJ pnf;ykH tajccHOya't&
zGUJ pnf;onhf wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,ftqihf tzGUJ tpnf;wpf&yf&yfukd
ud, k pf m;jyKaom tzGUJ tpnf;0ifrsm; odrYk [kwf yk*Kd¾ vrf sm;onf þzGUJ pnf;ykH
tajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;ESiafh omfvnf;aumif;? wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf
jynfe,fvw T af wmfqikd &f m Oya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;ESiafh omfvnf;aumif;
rqefYusifvQif wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf odkYr[kwf
vTwaf wmfu zGUJ pnf;onhaf umfrwDEiS fh tzGUJ rsm;wGif vGwv f yfpmG ajymqdk
cGi&fh odS nf/ wdik ;f a'oBu;D odUk r[kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf odrYk [kwf vTwaf wmfu
zGUJ pnf;onhf aumfrwDEiS t fh zGUJ rsm;wGif wifjyajymqdrk rI sm;ESifh pyfvsO;f í
,if;tzGUJ tpnf;0ifrsm; odrYk [kwf yk*Kd¾ vrf sm;tm; wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf
jynfe,fvw T af wmfqikd &f m Oya'rSty tjcm;Oya't& ta&;,ljcif; rjyK&?
(*) txuftyd'k cf JG (u) ESihf (c) wGiyf g&Sad om yk*Kd¾ vrf sm;onf txufygtcGihf
ta&;rsm;udk usio hf ;kH Mu&mwGif uk, d xf v
d ufa&muf usL;vGerf rI sm;&Scd yhJ gu
,if;wdo Yk nf wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf\ pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;?
vkyx f ;Hk vkyef nf;rsm;t&vnf;aumif;? wnfqOJ ya'rsm;t&vnf;aumif;
ta&;,ljcif;cH&rnf/
108
22/ (u) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf tpnf;ta0; wufa&muf
aeaom wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf uk,d pf m;vS,f wpfO;D udk
jzpfap? vTwaf wmfOuú|\ cGijfh yKcsuf odrYk [kwf zdwMf um;csut f & ,if;tpnf;
ta0;odYk wufa&mufaeaomyk*Kd¾ vw f pfO;D udjk zpfap zrf;qD;&ef vdt k yfygu
cdik v
f aHk omtaxmuftxm;udk oufqikd &f m wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,f
vTwaf wmfOuú|xH wifjy&rnf/ wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,f vTwaf wmf
Ouú|\ BuKd wifciG jfh yKcsurf &&Sb
d J zrf;qD;jcif;rjyK&?
(c) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfu zGUJ pnf;aom aumfrwD odrYk [kwf
tzGUJ wpfcck \ k tpnf;ta0; wufa&mufaeonhf ,if;aumfrwD odrYk [kwf
tzGUJ \ tzGUJ 0ifwpfO;D tm;zrf;qD;&ef vdt k yfygu cdik v
f aHk omtaxmuftxm;
udk oufqikd &f maumfrwD odrYk [kwf tzJUG \ tBu;D tuJrS wpfqifh oufqikd &f m
vTwaf wmfOuú|xH wifjy&rnf/ xdv k w T af wmfOuú|\ BuKd wifciG jfh yKcsuf
r&&Sb d J zrf;qD;jcif;rjyK&?
( * ) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmftpnf;ta0; odkYr[kwf
vTwaf wmfu zGUJ pnf;onhaf umfrwD odrYk [kwf tzGUJ wpfcck \ k tpnf;ta0;
usif;ycsdefr[kwfvQif wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf
uk, d pf m;vS,wf pfO;D tm; zrf;qD;ygu xdo k zYkd rf;qD;jcif;ESifh pyfvsO;f onhf
cdik vf aHk om taxmuftxm;udk wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf
Ouú|xH aqmvsipf mG wifjy&rnf/
23/ wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfuaomfvnf;aumif;? ,if;vTwaf wmf
\ tcGihftmPmt&aomfvnf;aumif;? jzefYcsdxkwfa0onhftpD&ifcHpmrsm;?
pm&Gupf mwrf;rsm;? vTwaf wmfrw S w
f rf;rsm;ESipfh yfvsO;f í w&m;pGq J ykd ikd cf iG rfh &Sad p&/
tcef; (5)
tkycf sKyaf &;tcef;
Chapter (V)
Executive
tkycf sKyaf &;qkid &f m zGUJ pnf;rI
Formation of Executive
109
tcef; ( 5 )
tkycf sKyaf &;
tkycf sKyaf &;qdik &f mzGUJ pnf;rI

jynfaxmifpt k pk;d &tzGUJ
1/ jynfaxmifpt k pk;d &tzGUJ zGUJ pnf;a&;ESipfh yfvsO;f Ny;D -
(u) Ekid if aH wmftyk cf sKyaf &; tBu;D tuJonf Ekid if aH wmfor®wjzpfonf?
( c ) (1) Ekid if aH wmf\tkycf sKyaf &;tmPmukd jynfaxmifp?k wkid ;f a'oBu;D ESihf
jynfe,frsm;tm; cGaJ 0tyfEiS ;f onf?
(2) uk, d yf idk t
f yk cf sKycf iG &hf pD&ifprk sm;tm; uk, d yf idk t
f yk cf sKyaf &;tmPmukd
zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya't& owfrw S af y;onft h wkid ;f cGaJ 0tyfEiS ;f
onf/
( * ) Ekid if aH wmfwiG jf ynfaxmifpt k pk;d &tzGUJ ukd atmufazmfjyyg yk*K¾d vrf sm;jzifh
zGUJ pnf;onf -
(1) Ekid if aH wmfor®w?
(2) 'kw, d or®wrsm;?
(3) jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D rsm;?
(4) jynfaxmifpak &SUaecsKy/f
(C) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf\ oabmwlncD sujf zifh -
(1) jynfaxmifpt k pk;d & 0efBu;D Xmersm;ukd vkt d yfovkd owfrw S Ef idk f
onf/ xkjYd yif owfrw S 0f efBu;D Xmersm;ukd jyifqifjcif;? jznfph u G jf cif;
jyKEidk of nf?
(2) jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D OD;a&ukd vkt d yfovkd owfrw S Ef idk o
f nf/ xkjYd yif
owfrw S Of ;D a&ukd wd;k jcif;? avQmjh cif; jyKEidk o f nf/
110
(i) jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D rsm;onf atmufazmfjyyg t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESihf jynfph Hk
&rnf -
(1) touf 40 ESpf jynfNh y;D ol?
(2) touf uefo Y wfcsurf t S y jynfov Yl wT af wmf uk,d pf m;vS,rf sm;
twGuf owfrw S x
f m;onfh t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESihf jynfph o Hk ?l
(3) Ekid if aH wmfEiS hf Ekid if o H m;rsm;tay: opöm&So d /l
jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D rsm;ESihf 'kw, d 0efBu;D rsm;
2/ jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D rsm; ceft Y yfwm0efay;jcif;ESihf pyfvsO;f Ny;D -
(u) EkdifiHawmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;rsm;tjzpf cefYtyfwm0ef
ay;&ef -
(1) vTwaf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;xJujzpfap? vTwaf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,f
r[kwo f rl sm;xJujzpfap owfrw S x
f m;onft h &nftcsi;f rsm;ESihf
jynfph aHk om oifah vsmo f nfyh *k K¾d vrf sm;ukd a&G;cs,&f rnf?
(2) umuG,af &;?vkNH cKaH &;? jynfxaJ &;? e,fpyfa&;&m0efBu;D Xmersm;
twGuf wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfxHrS oifhavsmfonfh
wyfrawmfom;rsm;\ trnfpm&if;ukd &,l&rnf?
(3) umuG,af &;? vkNH cKaH &;? jynfxaJ &;? e,fpyfa&;&m0efBu;D Xmersm;
tjyif tjcm;0efBuD;Xmersm;wGif wyfrawmfom;rsm;tm;
jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D rsm;tjzpf ceft Y yfwm0efay;vkv d Qif wyfrawmf
umuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyEf iS hf ñSEd iId ;f aqmif&u G &f rnf/
( c ) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf rdrad &G;cs,x f m;onfyh *k K¾d vrf sm;\trnfpm&if;ESihf
wyfrawmf umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfxHrS&&Sdonfh wyfrawmfom;rsm;\
trnfpm&if;wdu Yk dk pkpnf;í jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfoYdk wifoiG ;f vsuf
oabmwlncD su&f ,l&rnf?
111
(*) jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;\t&nftcsif;rsm;ESifh rjynfhpkHaMumif; txif
t&Sm;rjyEkdifygu jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfonf EkdifiHawmfor®wu
trnfpm&if; wifoiG ;f onfh yk*K¾d vt f m; jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D tjzpf ceft Y yf
wm0efay;&ef jiif;y,fciG hf r&Sad p&?
(C) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D tjzpf ceft Y yfwm0efay;&ef
jynfaxmifpk vTw G af wmf\ oabmwlncD suf r&&So d nfyh *k K¾dvt f pm; trnf
pm&if;opfudk jynfaxmifpv k w
GT af wmfoYdk xyfrw H ifoiG ;f cGi&fh o dS nf?
( i ) EkdifiHawmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf\ oabmwlnDcsuf
&&SNd y;D onfh yk*K¾d vrf sm;tm; jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D rsm;tjzpf ceft Y yfwm0ef
ay;&rnf/ xkdodkY cefYtyfwm0efay;&mwGif EkdifiHawmfor®wonf
jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D wpfO;D csi;f tvku d f wm0ef,&l rnf0h efBu;D Xme odrYk [kwf
0efBu;D Xmersm;ukd owfrw S af y;&rnf?
( p ) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D rsm; ceft Y yfwm0efay;onfh
tcgwkid ;f jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfoYdk taMumif;Mum;&rnf?
(q) jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D rsm;onf Ekid if aH wmfor®wtm; wm0efc&H rnf/
3/ 'kw, d 0efBu;D rsm; ceftY yfwm0efay;jcif;ESihf pyfvsO;f Ny;D -
(u) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D rsm;tm; taxmuftuljyK&ef
vTwaf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;xJu jzpfap? vTwaf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf [kwf
olrsm;xJujzpfap atmufazmfjyygt&nftcsi;f rsm;ESifh jynfph o Hk rl sm;ukd
'kw, d 0efBu;D rsm;tjzpf ceft Y yfwm0efay;Ekid o f nf -
(1) touf 35 ESpjf ynfNh y;D ol?
(2) toufuefo Y wfcsurf t S y jynfov Yl wT af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;
twGuo f wfrwS x f m;onfh t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESijhf ynfph o Hk ?l
112
(c) EkdifiHawmfor®wonf 'kwd,0efBuD;rsm; cefYtyfwm0efay;&mwGif
umuG,af &;? vkNH cKaH &;? jynfxaJ &;? e,fpyfa&;&mwm0efrsm;ay;tyf&ef
jzpfygu wyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyx f rH S oihaf vsmo
f nfh wyfrawmf
om;rsm;\ trnfpm&if;ukd &,l&rnf?
(*) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf umuG,af &;? vkNH cKaH &;? jynfxaJ &;? e,fpyfa&;&m
0efBu;D Xmersm;tjyif tjcm;0efBu;D Xmersm;wGif wyfrawmfom;rsm;tm;
'kw, d 0efBu;D rsm; tjzpfceft Y yfwm0efay;vkv d Qif wyfrawmfumuG,af &;
OD;pD;csKyEf iS ñfh EdS iId ;f aqmif&u G &f rnf?
(C) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf 'kw, d 0efBu;D rsm;tm; ceft Y yfwm0efay;&mwGif
wm0ef,&l rnfh 0efBu;D Xmersm;ukd owfrf w S af y;&rnf?
(i) 'kw, d 0efBu;D rsm;onf oufqidk &f m jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D tm;vnf;aumif;?
oufqkdif&mjynfaxmifpk0efBuD;rSwpfqifh EkdifiHawmfor®wtm;
vnf;aumif; wm0efc&H rnf/
4/ jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D wpfO;D OD;tay: pGypf jJG ypfwifjcif;ESihf pyfvsO;f Ny;D -
(u) jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D wpfO;D OD;tm; atmufygtaMumif;wpf&yf&yfjzifh pGypf JG
jypfwifEidk o f nf -
(1) Ekid if aH wmf\ aus;Zl;opömawmfudk azmufzsujf cif;?
(2) zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csuw f pf&yf&yfudk azmufzsuf
usL;vGejf cif;?
(3) tusio hf ud m© ysujf ym;jcif;?
(4) zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'wGif owfrSwfxm;onfh jynfaxmifpk
0efBu;D \t&nftcsi;f ysu, f iG ;f jcif;?
113
(c) jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D wpfO;D OD;tay: pGypf jJG ypfwifvydk gu Ekid if aH wmfor®w
odrYk [kwf 'kw, d or®wukd pGypf jJG ypfwifjcif;ESihf pyfvsO;f í zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccH
Oya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;ESit hf nD aqmif&u G &f rnf?
(*) okdY&mwGif jynfaxmifpk0efBuD; wpfOD;OD;tay: pGyfpGJjypfwifrIonf
rSeu f efípGypf cJG &H olonf jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D &mxl;wGif qufvuf wm0ef
xrf;aqmifap&efroifah Mumif; pkpH rf;ppfaq;onfh vTwaf wmfuqk;H jzwf
wifjyvQif Ekid if aH wmfor®wu pGypf JG jypfwifjcif;cH&onfh jynfaxmifpk
0efBu;D tm; wm0efrS &yfp&J rnf?
(C) pGypf jJG ypfwifro I nf rrSeu f efaMumif; pkpH rf;ppfaq;onfh vTwaf wmfu
qk;H jzwfygu xko d Ydk qk;H jzwfaMumif; oufqidk &f mvTwaf wmfOuú|onf
Ekid if aH wmfor®wxH wifjytpD&ifc&H rnf/
5/ jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D ESi'hf w k ,d 0efBu;D wk\ Yd &mxl;oufwrf;? &mxl;rS Ekwx f uG cf iG ?hf
wm0efrS &yfpcJ iG ?fh vpfvyf&mxl;ae&mwGif jznfph u G cf efx Y m;cGihf ponfwEYdk iS hf
pyfvsO;f Ny;D -
(u) jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;ESifh 'kwd,0efBuD;wkdY\ &mxl;oufwrf;onf
omreftm;jzifh Ekid if aH wmfor®w\ &mxl;oufwrf;twkid ;f jzpfonf?
(c) jynfaxmifpk0efBuD; okdYr[kwf 'kwd,0efBuD;onf &mxl;oufwrf;
rukeq f ;Hk rD taMumif;wpfcck ak Mumihf rdro d abmqE´tavsmuf &mxl;rS
Ekwx f u G v f v dk Qif xko d Ydk Ekwx f u G vf adk Mumif; Ekid if aH wmfor®wxH pmjzihf
wifjyNy;D &mxl;rS Ekwx f u G Ef idk o
f nf?
(*) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf -
(1) ay;tyfonfhwm0efukd ausyGefpGm rxrf;aqmifEkdifaom
jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D odrYk [kwf 'kw, d 0efBu;D wpfO;D OD;tm; &mxl;rS
Ekwx f u G &f ef ñTeMf um;Ekid o f nf/ ñTeMf um;onft h wdik ;f vku
d ef mjcif;
rjyKvQif wm0efrS &yfp&J rnf?
114
(2) &mxl;rS Ekwx f uG &f rnfh odrYk [kwf wm0efrS &yfpcJ &H rnfh wyfrawmf
om; jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D odrYk [kwf 'kw, d 0efBu;D ESihf ywfoufvQif
wyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyEf iS hf ñSEd iId ;f aqmif&u G &f rnf/
(C) &mxl;rSEw k x f u G jf cif;aMumifjh zpfap? wm0efr&S yfpcJ &H jcif;aMumifjh zpfap?
uG,fvGefjcif;aMumifhjzpfap? tjcm;taMumif; wpfckckaMumifhjzpfap
jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D odrYk [kwf 'kw, d 0efBu;D &mxl;ae&m vpfvyfvQif
EkdifiHawmfor®wonf zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;
okrYd [kwf 'kw, d 0efBu;D cefx Y m;jcif;ESihf pyfvsO;f onfh jy|mef;csurf sm;ESithf nD
jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D topf odrYk [kwf 'kw, d 0efBu;D topftm; ceft Y yf
wm0efay;Ekid o f nf/ xko d Ykd ceft
Y yf wm0efay;jcif;cH&onfh jynfaxmifpk
0efBu;D odrYk [kwf 'kw, d 0efBu;D \ &mxl;oufwrf;onf Ekid if aH wmfor®w\
use&f o dS nfh &mxl;oufwrf;twGuo f m jzpfap&rnf?
(i) jynfaxmifpk 0efBu;D odrYk [kwf 'kw, d 0efBu;D onf vTwaf wmfwpf&yf&yf\
uk, d pf m;vS,jf zpfvQif jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D odrYk [kwf 'kw, d 0efBu;D tjzpf
ceft Y yf wm0efay;jcif; cH&onfah eYrpS í vTwaf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS
Ekwx f u G Nf y;D jzpfonf[k rSw, f &l rnf?
(p) (1) jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D odrYk [kwf 'kw, d 0efBu;D onf Ekid if 0hH efxrf;
jzpfvQif jynfaxmifpk0efBuD; odkYr[kwf 'kwd,0efBuD;tjzpf
ceftY yfwm0efay;jcif; cH&onfah eYrpS í wnfq0J efxrf;pnf;rsO;f
pnf;urf;rsm;ESifhtnD EkdifiHh0efxrf;tjzpfrS tNidrf;pm;,lNyD;
jzpfonf[k rSw, f &l rnf?
(2) umuG,af &;? vkNH cKaH &;? jynfxaJ &;? e,fpyfa&;&m 0efBu;D Xmersm;
twGuf jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;rsm;ESihf 'kwd,0efBuD;rsm;tjzpf
ceft Y yfxm;jcif;cH&aom wyfrawmfom;rsm;onf wyfrawmfrS
tNird ;f pm;,l&ef odrYk [kwf Ekwx f u
G &f efrvk?d
115
(q) jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D odrYk [kw'f w k ,d 0efBu;D onf Ekid if aH &;ygwD wpfcck \ k
tzGUJ 0ifjzpfvQijf ynfaxmifp0k efBu;D odrYk [kwf 'kw, d 0efBu;D tjzpf ceft Y yf
wm0efay;jcif; cH&onfah eYrpS í rdr&d mxl;oufwrf;twGi;f ,if;ygwD
tzGUJ tpnf;\ ygwDvyk if ef;rsm;wGif yg0ifaqmif&u G jf cif; rjyK&?
(Z ) (1) jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D odrYk [kwf 'kw, d 0efBu;D rsm;tm; ceft Y yf
wm0efay;onfh Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf &mxl;oufwrf; rukeq f ;Hk rD
Ekwx f uG af omaMumihjf zpfap? uG,v f eG af omaMumifjh zpfap? wpfpHk
wpfcak omtaMumif;aMumihjf zpfap Ekid if aH wmfor®w&mxl; vpfvyf
ygu tpm;xk;kd a&G;cs,w f ifajrm§ ufvu dk o f nfh Ekid if aH wmfor®w
topfu jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D topfrsm; odrYk [kwf 'kw, d 0efBu;D
topfrsm;ukd ceft Y yfwm0efay;Ny;D onft h csed t f xd jynfaxmifpk
0efBu;D rsm;ESihf 'kw,d 0efBu;D rsm;onf rdrw d \ Ydk vkyif ef;wm0efrsm;ukd
qufvufxrf;aqmif&rnf?
(2) tpm;xkd;cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;cH&onfh jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;
topfrsm;ESihf 'kw, d 0efBu;D topfrsm;\ &mxl;oufwrf;onf
Ekid if aH wmfor®wtopf\ use&f o dS nf&h mxl;oufwrf; ukeq f ;Hk
onftxdom jzpf&rnf/
(ps ) jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;ESifh'kwd,0efBuD;rsm;\wm0efrsm;? vkyfykdifcGifhrsm;?
&ykid cf iG rhf sm;ukd Oya'jy|mef;í owfrw S &f rnf/
116
jynfaxmifpak &SUaecsKyEf iS hf 'kw,
d a&SUaecsKyf
6/ a&SUaecsKyt f ac:ta0:ESihf pyfvsO;f Ny;D jynfaxmifpak &SUaecsKy[ f k ac:a0:ok;H pGJ
&rnf/
7/ jynfaxmifpak &SUaecsKyf ceft Y yf wm0efay;jcif;ESihf pyfvsO;f Ny;D -
(u) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf Oya'tBuÓ H Pfrsm; &,lEidk &f efEiS hf Oya'qkid &f m
wm0efrsm;ay;tyfEkdif&ef vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;xJujzpfap?
vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f r[kwfolrsm;xJujzpfap atmufazmfjyyg
t&nftcsif;rsm;ESifh jynfhpkHonfhyk*d¾Kvf wpfOD;OD;tm; jynfaxmifpk
vTwaf wmf\ oabmwlncD sujf zifh jynfaxmifpak &SUaecsKyt f jzpf ceft Y yf
wm0efay;&rnf -
(1) touf 45 ESpjf ynfNh y;D ol?
(2) touf uefo Y wfcsurf t S y jynfov Yl w
T af wmf uk, d pf m;vS,rf sm;
twGuf owfrw S xf m;onfh t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESifh jynfph o Hk ?l
(3) (uu) wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf
w&m;olBu;D tjzpf tenf;qk;H ig;ESpf aqmif&u G cf ohJ l
okrYd [kwf
( c c ) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,ftqifx h uf redrahf om
w&m;a&;0efxrf; okdYr[kwf Oya'0efxrf;&mxl;wGif
tenf;qk;H 10 ESpf wm0efxrf;aqmifco hJ l okrYd [kwf
( * * ) w&m;vTwaf wmfa&SUae (Advocate) tjzpf tenf;qk;H
tESpf 20 trIvu dk yf g aqmif&uG cf o
hJ l okrYd [kwf
(CC) xifay:ausmfMum;onfh *kPfowif;&Sdaom Oya'
ynm&Sit f jzpf Ekid if aH wmfor®wu ,lqol/
(4) Ekid if aH wmfEiS hf Ekid if o H m;rsm;tay: opöm&So d ?l
117
(c) jynfaxmifpak &SUaecsKyt f wGuf owfrw S xf m;onfh t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESihf
rjynfph aHk Mumif; txift&Sm;rjyEkidk yf gu jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmfonf
Ekid if aH wmfor®wu trnfpm&if;wifoiG ;f onfh yk*K¾d vt f m; jynfaxmifpk
a&SUaecsKyt f jzpf ceft Y yfwm0efay;&ef jiif;y,fciG hf r&Sad p&?
(*) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpak &SUaecsKyt f jzpf ceftY yfwm0efay;&ef
jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf\oabmwlnDcsufr&&Sdonfh yk*d¾Kvftpm;
trnfpm&if;opfudk jynfaxmifpk vTwaf wmfoYkd xyfrw H ifoiG ;f cGi&fh o
dS nf?
(C) jynfaxmifpak &SUaecsKyo f nf jynfaxmifpt k pk;d &tzGUJ 0ifjzpfonf?
(i) jynfaxmifpak &SUaecsKyo f nf Ekid if aH wmfor®wtm; wm0efc&H rnf/
8/ jynfaxmifpak &SUaecsKyt f ay: pGypf jGJ ypfwifjcif;ESihf pyfvsO;f Ny;D -
(u) jynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyftm; atmufygtaMumif;wpf&yf&yfjzifh pGyfpJG
(2) zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csuf wpf&yf&yfudk azmufzsuf
usL;vGejf cif;?
(4) zJGUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'wGif owfrSwfxm;onfh jynfaxmifpk
a&SUaecsKy\ f t&nftcsi;f ysu, f iG ;f jcif;?
(c) jynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyftay: pGyfpGJjypfwifvkdygu EkdifiHawmfor®w
odrYk [kwf 'kw, d or®wukpd yG pf jJG ypfwifjcif;ESihf pyfvsO;f ízGUJ pnf;ykH tajccH
Oya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;ESit hf nD aqmif&u G &f rnf?
(*) od&Yk mwGif jynfaxmifpak &SUaecsKyt f ay: pGypf jJGypfwifro I nfreS u f efí pGypf cJG &H
olonf jynfaxmifpak &SUaecsKy&f mxl;wGif qufvufwm0ef xrf;aqmif
118
ap&efroifah Mumif; pkpH rf;ppfaq;onfv h w
T af wmfu qk;H jzwfwifjyvQif
Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpk a&SUaecsKyt f m; wm0efrS &yfp&J rnf?
Ekid if aH wmf or®wxH wifjy tpD&ifc&H rnf/
9/ 'kw,
d a&SUaecsKyf ceft Y yfwm0efay;jcif;ESihf pyfvsO;f Ny;D -
(u) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpak &SUaecsKyt f m; taxmuftuljyK&ef
vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;xJujzpfap? vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f
r[kwo f rl sm;xJujzpfap atmufazmfjyygt&nftcsi;f rsm;ESihf jynfph o Hk nfh
yk*K¾d vw f pfO;D OD;tm; rdro d abmqE´tavsmuf 'kw, d a&SUaecsKyt f jzpf
ceft Y yfwm0efay;&rnf -
(2) toufuefo Y wfcsurf t S y jynfov Yl wT af wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;
twGuo f wfrw S x f m;onfh t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESifh jynfph o Hk ?l
(3) (uu) wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf
w&m;olBu;D tjzpf tenf;qk;H ig;ESpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ l
okrYd [kwf
( c c ) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,ftqifx h uf redrahf om
w&m;a&;0efxrf; okdYr[kwf Oya'0efxrf;&mxl;wGif
tenf;qk;H 10 ESpf wm0ef xrf;aqmifco hJ l okrYd [kwf
( * * ) w&m;vTwaf wmfa&SUae (Advocate)tjzpf tenf;qk;H
15 ESpf trIvu dk yf g aqmif&u G cf o
hJ l okrYd [kwf
(CC) xifay:ausmfMum;onfh *kPfowif;&Sdaom Oya'
ynm&Sit f jzpf Ekid if aH wmfor®wu ,lqol/
119
( c ) 'kwd,a&SUaecsKyfonf jynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyftm;vnf;aumif;?
jynfaxmifpk a&SUaecsKyrf S wpfqifh Ekid if aH wmfor®wtm;vnf;aumif;
wm0efc&H rnf/
10/ jynfaxmifpk a&SUaecsKyEf iS hf 'kw, d a&SUaecsKyw f \Ydk &mxl;oufwrf;? &mxl;rS
Ekwx f u G cf iG ?hf wm0efr&S yfpcJ iG ?hf vpfvyf&mxl;ae&mwGif jznfph u G cf efxY m;cGifh ponf
wkEYd iS hf pyfvsO;f Ny;D -
( u ) jynfaxmifpk a&SUaecsKyEf iS fh 'kw, d a&SUaecsKyw f \ Ydk &mxl;oufwrf;onf
omreftm;jzifh Ekid if aH wmfor®w\ &mxl;oufwrf;twkid ;f jzpfonf/
(c) jynfaxmifpak &SUaecsKyf odrYk [kwf 'kw, d a&SUaecsKyo f nf &mxl;oufwrf;
rukeq f ;Hk rD taMumif;wpfcck ak Mumifh rdro d abmqE´tavsmuf &mxl;rS
Ekwx f u G v f vdk Qif xko d Ydk Ekwx f u G vf adk Mumif; Ekid if aH wmfor®wxH pmjzihw f ifjy
Ny;D &mxl;rSEw k x f uG Ef idk o f nf?
(*) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf ay;tyfonfw h m0efudk ausyeG pf mG rxrf;aqmif
Ekid af om jynfaxmifpak &SUaecsKyf odrYk [kwf 'kw, d a&SUaecsKyt f m; &mxl;rS
Ekwx f u G &f ef ñTeMf um;Ekid o f nf/ ñTeMf um;onft h wkid ;f vku d ef mjcif;rjyKvQif
wm0efrS &yfp&J rnf?
(C) &mxl;rS Ekwx f u G jf cif;aMumifjh zpfap? wm0efrS &yfpcJ &H jcif;aMumihjf zpfap?
uG,fvGefjcif;aMumihfjzpfap? tjcm;taMumif;wpfckckaMumifhjzpfap
jynfaxmifpk a&SUaecsKyf odrYk [kwf 'kw, d a&SUaecsKy&f mxl;ae&m vpfvyfvQif
Ekid if aH wmf or®wonf zGUJ pnf;ykH tajccHOya'yg jynfaxmifpak &SUaecsKyf
odrYk [kwf 'kw, d a&SUaecsKyf cefx Y m;jcif;ESihf pyfvsO;f onfh jy|mef;csurf sm;ESihf
tnD jynfaxmifpak &SUaecsKyt f opf odrYk [kwf 'kw, d a&SUaecsKyt f opftm;
cefYtyf wm0efay;Ekdifonf/ xkdokdY cefYtyfwm0ef ay;jcif;cH&onfh
jynfaxmifpak &SUaecsKyf odrYk [kwf 'kw, d a&SUaecsKy\ f &mxl;oufwrf;onf
Ekid if aH wmfor®w\ use&f o dS nfh &mxl;oufwrf;twGuo f m jzpfap&rnf?
120
( i ) jynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyf odkYr[kwf 'kwd,a&SUaecsKyfonf vTwfawmf
wpf&yf&yf\ uk, d pf m;vS,jf zpfvQif jynfaxmifpak &SUaecsKyf odrYk [kwf
'kw, d a&SUaecsKyf tjzpf ceft Y yfwm0efay;jcif;cH&onfah eYrpS í vGw T af wmf
uk,d pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS Ekwxf u G Nf y;D jzpfonf[k rSw, f &l rnf?
( p ) jynfaxmifpk a½SUaecsKyf odrYk [kwf 'kw, d a&SUaecsKyo f nf Ekid if 0hH efxrf;
jzpfvQif jynfaxmifpk a½SUaecsKyf odrYk [kwf 'kw, d a&SUaecsKyt f jzpf ceft Y yf
wm0efay;jcif;cH&onfhaeYrSpí wnfqJ0efxrf;pnf;rsOf; pnf;urf;
rsm;ESithf nD Ekid if 0hH efxrf;tjzpfrS tNird ;f pm;,lNy;D jzpfonf[k rSw, f &l rnf?
(q) jynfaxmifpk a&SUaecsKyf odrYk [kwf 'kw, d a&SUaecsKyo f nf Ekid if aH &;ygwD
wpfcck \ k tzGUJ 0ifjzpfvQif jynfaxmifpak &SUaecsKyf odrYk [kwf 'kw, d
a&SUaecsKyftjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif; cH&onfhaeYrSpí rdrd&mxl;
oufwrf;twGi;f ,if;ygwDtzJUG tpnf;\ ygwDvyk if ef;rsm;wGif yg0if
aqmif&u G jf cif;rjyK&?
( Z ) (1) jynfaxmifpk a&SUaecsKyEf iS fh 'kw, d a&SUaecsKyw f t Ykd m; ceft Y yfwm0ef
ay;onfh EkdifiHawmfor®wonf &mxl;oufwrf; rukefqkH;rD
Ekwx f uG af omaMumifjh zpfap? uG,v f eG af omaMumihjf zpfap? wpfpHk
wpfckaom taMumif;aMumihfjzpfap EkdifiHawmfor®w&mxl;
vpfvyfygu tpm;xk;d a&G;cs,w f ifajrm§ ufvu kd o
f nfh Ekid if aH wmf
or®wtopfonf ,if;wkt Yd m; qufvufwm0efay;Ekid o f nf
okdYr[kwf zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhtnD
jynfaxmifpak &SUaecsKyt f opfEiS fh 'kw, d a&SUaecsKyt f opfrsm;udk
ceft Y yfwm0efay;Edik o f nf/ ,if;odYk ceft Y yfwm0efay;rnf qkyd gu
jynfaxmifpak &SUaecsKyt f opfEiS fh 'kw, d a&SUaecsKyt f opfrsm;udk
ceft Y yfwm0ef ay;Ny;D onft h csed t f xd jynfaxmifpak &SUaecsKyEf iS hf
121
'kw, d a&SUaecsKywf tYkd m; ,if;wd\ Yk vkyif ef;wm0efrsm;ukd qufvuf
xrf;aqmifapEkid o f nf?
(2) tpm;xk;d ceft Y yfwm0efay;jcif;cH&onfh jynfaxmifpak &SUaecsKyf
topfEiS fh 'kw, d a&SUaecsKyt f opfw\ Ydk &mxl;oufwrf;onf
Ekid if aH wmfor®wtopf\ use&f o dS nf&h mxl;oufwrf; ukeq f ;Hk
onftxdom jzpf&rnf/
(ps ) jynfaxmifpak &SUaecsKyEf iS hf 'kw, d a&SUaecsKyw f \ Ydk wm0efrsm;? vkyyf idk cf iG rfh sm;?
&ykid cf iG rhf sm;ukd Oya'jy|mef;íowfrw S &f rnf/
11/ jynfaxmifpak &SUaecsKy?f 'kw, d a&SUaecsKyw f \Ydk tqiho f wfrw S jf cif;ESihf pyfvsO;f Ny;D
jynfaxmifpak &SUaecsKyEf iS hf 'kw, d a&SUaecsKyw f \ Ydk wm0efrsm;? vkyyf ikd cf iG rfh sm;?
&ykdifcGifhrsm;ukd Oya'jzifh jy|mef;owfrSwfonfhtcg rSDjirf;jyKEkdifa&;twGuf
jynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyfukd jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;tqifhowfrSwfonf/ 'kwd,
a&SUaecsKyu f kd 'kw, d 0efBu;D tqifh owfrw S o f nf/
jynfaxmifppk m&if;ppfcsKyEf iS hf 'kw, d pm&if;ppfcsKyf
12/ pm&if;ppfcsKyt f ac:ta0:ESipfh yfvsO;f Ny;D jynfaxmifppk m&if;ppfcsKy[ f k ac:a0:
ok;H pG&J rnf/
13/ jynfaxmifppk m&if;ppfcsKyf ceft Y yfwm0efay;jcif;ESihf pyfvsO;f Ny;D -
(u) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf Ekid if aH wmf\t& tok;H pm&if;rsm;ukd ppfaq;í
jynfolYvTwfawmfESifh trsdK;om;vTwfawmfokdYwifjyEkdif&ef vTwfawmf
uk,d pf m;vS,rf sm;xJujzpfap? vTwaf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf [kwo f rl sm;xJu
jzpfap atmufazmfjyyg t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESihf jynfph o Hk nfyh *k Kd¾vf wpfO;D OD;tm;
jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf\oabmwlnDcsufjzifh jynfaxmifpkpm&if;
ppfcsKyt f jzpf ceft Y yfwm0efay;&rnf -
122
(2) touf uefo Y wfcsurf t S y jynfov Yl w T af wmf uk, d pf m;vS,rf sm;
twGuf owfrw S x f m;onfh t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESifh jynfph o Hk ?l
(3) (uu) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,ftqifh xufredrahf om
pm&if;ppf t&m&S&d mxl;wGif tenf;qk;H 10 ESpf aqmif&u G f
cJoh l okrYd [kwf
( c c ) rSwyf w Hk ifpm&if;ukid f okrYd [kwf vufrw S &f jynfopYl m&if;
ukid tf jzpf tenf;qk;H 20 ESpf aqmif&u G cf ohJ l okrYd [kwf
( * * ) xifay:ausmMf um;onfh *kPo f wif;&Sad om pm&if;ynm&Sif
okrYd [kwf pm&if;tif;ynm&Sif odrYk [kwf pD;yGm;a&;ynm&Sif
tjzpf Ekid if aH wmfor®wu ,lqol/
(4) Edik if aH wmfEiS fh Edik if o H m;rsm;tay:opöm&So d /l
(c) jynfaxmifppk m&if;ppfcsKyt f wGuf owfrw S x f m;aom t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESihf
rjynfph aHk Mumif; txift&Sm;rjyoEkid yf gu jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfonf
Ekid if aH wmfor®wu trnfpm&if; wifoiG ;f onfh yk*K¾d vt f m; jynfaxmifpk
pm&if;ppfcsKyt f jzpf ceft Y yfwm0efay;&ef jiif;y,fciG fh r&Sad p&?
(*) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf jynfaxmifppk m&if;ppfcsKyt f jzpf ceft Y yfwm0efay;&ef
jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf\ oabmwlnDcsufr&&Sdonfh yk*d¾Kvftpm;
trnfpm&if;opfudk jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmfoYdk xyfrw H ifoiG ;f cGi&fh o dS nf?
(C) jynfaxmifppk m&if;ppfcsKyo f nf Ekid if aH wmfor®wtm; wm0efc&H rnf/
14/ jynfaxmifppk m&if;ppfcsKyt f m; pGypf jJG ypfwifjcif;ESihf pyfvsO;f Ny;D -
(u) jynfaxmifppk m&if;ppfcsKyt f m; atmufygtaMumif;wpf&yf&yfjzifh pGypf JG
(2) zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csuw f pf&yf&yfukd azmufzsuf
usL;vGejf cif;?
123
(3) tusio hf u d m© ysujf ym;jcif;?
(4) zJUJG pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'wGif owfrw S xf m;onfh jynfaxmifppk m&if;
ppfcsKy\ f t&nftcsi;f ysu, f iG ;f jcif;?
(c) jynfaxmifpk pm&if;ppfcsKyt f ay: pGypf jJG ypfwifvydk gu Ekid if aH wmfor®w
okrYd [kwf 'kw, d or®wudk pGypf jJG ypfwifjcif;ESiphf yfvsO;f í zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccH
Oya'ygjy|mef;csurf sm;ESit hf nD aqmif&u G &f rnf?
(*) ok&Yd mwGif jynfaxmifppk m&if;ppfcsKyt f ay: pGypf jJG ypfwifro I nf rSeu f efí
pGypf cJG &H olonf jynfaxmifppk m&if;ppfcsKy&f mxl;wGif qufvufwm0ef
xrf;aqmifap&efroifah Mumif; pkpH rf;ppfaq;onfv h w
T af wmfu qk;H jzwf
wifjyvQif Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf jynfaxmifppk m&if;ppfcsKyt f m; wm0efrS
&yfp&J rnf?
15/ 'kw,
d pm&if;ppfcsKyf ceft Y yfwm0efay;jcif;ESihf pyfvsO;f Ny;D -
(u) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf jynfaxmifppk m&if;ppfcsKyt f m; taxmuftuljyK&ef
vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;xJujzpfap? vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f
r[kwo f rl sm;xJu jzpfap atmufazmfjyyg t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESihf jynfph o Hk nfh
yk*d¾KvfwpfOD;OD;tm; rdrdoabm qE´tavsmuf 'kwd,pm&if;ppfcsKyf
tjzpf ceft Y yf wm0efay;&rnf -
(2) toufuefo Y wfcsurf t S y jynfov Yl w
twGuf owfrw S x f m;onfh t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESifh jynfph o Hk ?l
124
(3) (uu) wk d i f ; a'oBuD ; ok d Y r [k w f jynf e ,f t qif h x uf
redrfhaom pm&if;ppft&m&Sd&mxl;wGif tenf;qkH;
10 ESpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ l okrYd [kwf
( c c ) rSwyf w Hk ifpm&if;ukid f okrYd [kwf vufrw S &f jynfopYl m&if;
ukid t f jzpf tenf;qk;H 15 ESpf aqmif&u G cf ohJ l okrYd [kwf
( * * ) xifay:ausmMf um;onfh *kPo f wif;&Sad om pm&if;ynm&Sif
okrYd [kwf pm&if;tif;ynm&Sif odrYk [kwf pD;yGm;a&;ynm&Sif
tjzpf Ekid if aH wmfor®wu ,lqol?
( c ) 'kw, d pm&if;ppfcsKyo f nf jynfaxmifppk m&if;ppfcsKyt f m;vnf;aumif;
jynfaxmifpk pm&if;ppfcsKyrf S wpfqifh Ekid if aH wmfor®wtm;vnf;aumif;
wm0efc&H rnf/
16/ jynfaxmifppk m&if;ppfcsKyEf iS fh 'kw, d pm&if;ppfcsKyw f \ Ydk &mxl;oufwrf;? &mxl;rS
Ekwx f u G cf iG ?fh wm0efr&S yfpcJ iG ?hf vpfvyf&mxl;ae&mwGif jznfph u G cf efxY m;cGihf ponfh
wdEYk iS hf pyfvsO;f Ny;D -
(u) jynfaxmifppk m&if;ppfcsKyEf iS fh 'kw, d pm&if;ppfcsKyw f \Ydk &mxl;oufwrf;onf
(c) jynfaxmifppk m&if;ppfcsKyf odrYk [kwf 'kw, d pm&if;ppfcsKyo f nf &mxl;
oufwrf;rukeq f ;Hk rD taMumif;wpfcck ak Mumifh rdro d abmqE´ tavsmuf
&mxl;rS Ekwx f u G v f v dk Qif xko d Ydk Ekwx f u G v
f adk Mumif; Ekid if aH wmfor®wxH
pmjzihw f ifjyNy;D &mxl;rS Ekwx f uG Ef idk o f nf?
(*) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf ay;tyfonfw h m0efudk ausyeG pf mG rxrf;aqmif
Ekid af om jynfaxmifppk m&if;ppfcsKyf odrYk [kwf 'kw, d pm&if;ppfcsKyt f m;
&mxl;rS Ekwx f u G &f ef ñTeMf um;Ekid o f nf/ ñTeMf um;onft h wkid ;f vku d ef mjcif;
rjyKvQif wm0efrS &yfp&J rnf?
125
(C) &mxl;rSEw k x f u G jf cif;aMumifjh zpfap? wm0efr&S yfpcJ &H jcif;aMumihjf zpfap?
uG,fvGefjcif;aMumihfjzpfap? tjcm;taMumif;wpfckckaMumifhjzpfap
jynfaxmifppk m&if;ppfcsKyf odrYk [kwf 'kw, d pm&if;ppfcsKyf &mxl;ae&m
vpfvyfvQif Ekid if aH wmf or®wonf zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'yg jynfaxmifpk
pm&if;ppfcsKyf odrYk [kwf 'kw, d pm&if;ppfcsKyf cefx Y m;jcif;ESihf pyfvsO;f onfh
jy|mef;csurf sm;ESit hf nD jynfaxmifppk m&if;ppfcsKyt f opf odrYk [kwf 'kw, d
pm&if;ppfcsKyt f opftm; ceft Y yfwm0efay;Ekid o f nf/ xko d Ydk ceft Y yfwm0ef
ay;jcif;cH&onfh jynfaxmifpk pm&if;ppfcsKyf odrYk [kwf 'kw, d pm&if;ppfcsKy\ f
&mxl;oufwrf;onf Ekid if aH wmfor®w\ use&f o dS nfh &mxl;oufwrf;
twGuo f m jzpfap&rnf?
(i) jynfaxmifpk pm&if;ppfcsKyf odrYk [kwf 'kw, d pm&if;ppfcsKyo f nf vTwaf wmf
wpf&yf&yf\ uk, d pf m;vS,jf zpfvQif jynfaxmifppk m&if;ppfcsKyf odrYk [kwf
'kw, d pm&if;ppfcsKyt f jzpf ceft
Y yfwm0efay;jcif;cH&onfah eYrpS í vGw T af wmf
uk,d pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS Ekwx f u G Nf y;D jzpfonf[k rSw, f &l rnf?
(p) jynfaxmifpk pm&if;ppfcsKyf odrYk [kwf 'kw, d pm&if;ppfcsKyo f nf Ekid if 0hH efxrf;
jzpfvQif jynfaxmifpk pm&if;ppfcsKyf odrYk [kwf 'kw, d pm&if;ppfcsKyt f jzpf
ceftY yfwm0ef ay;jcif;cH&onfah eYrpS í wnfq0J efxrf;pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;
rsm;ESithf nD Ekid if 0hH efxrf;tjzpfrS tNird ;f pm;,lNy;D jzpfonf[k rSw, f &l rnf?
(q) jynfaxmifppk m&if;ppfcsKyf odrYk [kwf 'kw, d pm&if;ppfcsKyo f nf Ekid if aH &;ygwD
wpfcck \ k tzGUJ 0ifjzpfvQif jynfaxmifppk m&if;ppfcsKyf odrYk [kwf 'kw, d
pm&if;ppfcsKyt f jzpf ceft Y yfwm0efay;jcif; cH&onfah eYrpS í rdr&d mxl;
oufwrf;twGi;f ,if;ygwD tzJUG tpnf;\ ygwDvyk if ef;rsm;wGif yg0if
aqmif&u G jf cif; rjyK&?
(Z) (1) jynfaxmifppk m&if;ppfcsKyEf iS 'fh w k , d pm&if;ppfcsKyw f t Ykd m; ceft Y yf
wm0efay;onfh Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf &mxl;oufwrf; rukeq f ;Hk rD
126
Ekwx f u G o
f mG ;aomaMumifjh zpfap? uG,v f eG af omaMumihfjzpfap?
wpfpkHwpfckaom taMumif;aMumihfjzpfap EkdifiHawmfor®w
&mxl;vpfvyfygu tpm;xkd;a&G;cs,f wifajr§mufvkdufonfh
EkdifiHawmfor®wtopfonf ,if;wkdYtm; qufvufwm0ef
ay;Ekid o f nf okrYd [kwf zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;ESihf
tnD jynfaxmifppk m&if;ppfcsKyt f opfEiS fh 'kw, d pm&if;ppfcsKyf
topfrsm;udk ceft Y yfwm0efay;Edik o f nf/ ,if;odYk ceft Y yf wm0ef
ay;rnfqdkygu jynfaxmifpkpm&if;ppfcsKyftopfESihf 'kwd,
pm&if;ppfcsKyt f opfrsm;udk ceft Y yfwm0efay;Ny;D onft h csed tf xd
jynfaxmifpk pm&if;ppfcsKyEf iS hf 'kw, d pm&if;ppfcsKyw f t Ykd m; ,if;wd\ Yk
vkyif ef;wm0efrsm;ukd qufvuf xrf;aqmifapEkid o f nf?
(2) tpm;xk;d ceft Y yfwm0efay;jcif;cH&onfh jynfaxmifppk m&if;ppfcsKyf
topfEiS fh 'kw, d pm&if;ppfcsKyt f opfw\ Ydk &mxl;oufwrf;onf
Ekid if aH wmfor®wtopf\ use&f o dS nfh &mxl;oufwrf;ukeq f ;Hk
onf txdomjzpf&rnf/
( ps ) jynfaxmifpk pm&if;ppfcsKyEf iS hf 'kw, d pm&if;ppfcsKyw f \ Ydk wm0efrsm;?
vkyyf idk cf iG rfh sm;? &ykid cf iG rhf sm;ukd Oya'jy|mef;íowfrw S &f rnf/
17/ jynfaxmifppk m&if;ppfcsKy?f 'kw, d pm&if;ppfcsKyw f \ Ydk tqiho f wfrw S jf cif;ESihf
pyfvsO;f Ny;D jynfaxmifppk m&if;ppfcsKyEf iS hf 'kw, d pm&if;ppfcsKyw f \ Ydk wm0efrsm;?
vkyyf idk cf iG rfh sm;? &ykid cf iG rhf sm;ukd Oya'jzifjh y|mef;owfrw S of nft h cg rSjD irf;jyKEidk af &;
twGuf jynfaxmifppk m&if;ppfcsKyu f dk jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D tqihf owfrw S o f nf/
'kw, d pm&if;ppfcsKyu f dk 'kw, d 0efBu;D tqihf owfrw S o f nf/
127
jynfaxmifp&k mxl;0eftzGUJ zGUJ pnf;jcif;
18/ jynfaxmifp&k mxl;0eftzGUJ zGUJ pnf;jcif;ESifh pyfvsO;f Ny;D -
(u) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf Ekid if 0hH efxrf;a&G;cs,af &;? avhusiahf &;wm0efEiS hf
Ekid if 0hH efxrf; pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;owfrw S af &;wm0efrsm;xrf;aqmifEidk &f ef
jynfaxmifp&k mxl;0ef tzGUJ zGUJ pnf;&rnf?
(c) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf atmufazmfjyyg t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESihf jynfph o Hk l
rsm;tm; jynfaxmifp&k mxl;0eftzGUJ Ouú|ESihf tzGUJ 0ifrsm;tjzpf ceft Y yf
wm0efay;&rnf
(2) touf uefo Y wfcsurf t S y jynfov Yl w
twGuf owfrw S xf m;onfh t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESifh jynfph o Hk ?l
(3) tawGUtBuK&H ifu h suaf om todynm&Si?f twwfynm&Sijf zpfo?l
(5) Ekid if aH &;ygwD0ifr[kwo f ?l
(6) vTwaf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf [kwo f /l
(*) jynfaxmifp&k mxl;0eftzGUJ Ouú|onf Ekid if aH wmfor®wtm; vnf;aumif;?
tzGJU0ifrsm;onf jynfaxmifpk&mxl;0eftzGJUOuú|ESihf ,if;rSwpfqifh
Ekid if aH wmf or®wtm;vnf;aumif; wm0efc&H rnf?
(C) jynfaxmifpk&mxl;0eftzGJUOuú|ESifh tzJGU0ifrsm;\oufwrf;onf
(i) jynfaxmifp&k mxl;0eftzGUJ zGUJ pnf;jcif;? Ouú|ESit fh zGUJ 0ifw\Ydk wm0efrsm;?
vkyyf idk cf iG rfh sm;? &ykid cf iG rfh sm;? &mxl;rSEwk x f uG jf cif;? wm0efr&S yfpjJ cif;wku Yd dk
Oya'jy|mef;í owfrw S &f rnf/
19/ jynfaxmifpk&mxl;0eftzGJU\tqifhowfrSwfjcif;ESihfpyfvsOf;NyD; jynfaxmifpk
&mxl;0eftzGUJ Ouú|\ wm0efrsm;? vkyyf idk cf iG rfh sm;? &ykid cf iG rhf sm;udk Oya'jzifh jy|mef;
128
owfrw S of nft h cg rSjD irf;jyKEidk af &;twGuf jynfaxmifpk &mxl;0eftzGUJ Ouú|tm;
jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D tqihf owfrw S o
f nf/
wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,ftpk;d &tzGUJ
20/ wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,ftBuD;tuJESihf wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf
jynfe,ftpk;d & tzJUG 0ifrsm;\ tac:ta0:ESipfh yfvsO;f Ny;D -
(u) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,ftBu;D tuJudk wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf
jynfe,f 0efBu;D csKyf ( Chief Minister of the Region or State ) [k
ac:a0:&rnf?
( c ) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,ftpk;d &tzGUJ 0ifudk wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf
jynfe,f0efBu;D (Minister of the Region or State) [kac:a0:&rnf/
21/ wdik ;f a'oBu;D tpd;k &tzGUJ odrYk [kwf jynfe,ftpk;d &tzGUJ zGUJ pnf;jcif;ESifh wkid ;f a'oBu;D
odrYk [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyf ceft Y yfwm0efay;jcif;rsm;ESihf pyfvsO;f Ny;D -
(u) wkid ;f a'oBu;D wdik ;f wGif wkid ;f a'oBu;D tpk;d &tzGUJ ? jynfe,fwidk ;f wGif jynfe,f
tpk;d & tzGUJ toD;oD; zGUJ pnf;xm;&So d nf?
(c) wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,ftpkd;&tzGJUukd atmufazmfjyyg
yk*K¾d vrf sm;jzifh zGUJ pnf;onf?
(1) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKy?f
(2) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D rsm;?
(3) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fOya'csKy/f
(*) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf oufqidk &f m wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f
vGw T af wmf\ oabmwlncD sujf zifh -
(1) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D Xmersm;ukd vkt d yfovkd
owfrw S Ef idk o
f nf/ xdjYk yifowfrwS 0f efBu;D Xmersm;udjk yifqifjcif;?
jznhpf uG jf cif;jyKEikd o
f nf?
129
(2) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D OD;a&ukd vkt d yfovkd
owfrw S Ef idk of nf/ xkjYd yif owfrw S Of ;D a&ukd wk;d jcif;? avQmjh cif;
jyKEidk o
f nf/
(C) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyEf iS hf 0efBu;D rsm;onf atmufyg
t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESihf jynfph &Hk rnf/
(2) touf uefo Y wfcsurf t S y wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f
vTwaf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;twGuf owfrw S x f m;onfh t&nf
tcsi;f rsm;ESifh jynfph o Hk ?l
(3) Ekid if aH wmfEiS hf Ekid if o H m;rsm;tay:opöm&So d /l
(i) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf oufqidk &f m wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f
0efBu;D csKyt f jzpf ceft Y yfwm0efay;&ef -
(1) oufqkdif&m wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf
uk, d pf m;vS,rf sm;xJu owfrw S x f m;onfh t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESihf
jynfph aHk om oihaf vsmo f nfh vTwaf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,w f pfO;D tm;
a&G;cs,&f rnf?
(2) a&G;cs,x f m;onfh vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,\ f trnfpm&if;ukd
oufqkdif&m wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfodkY
ay;ykv Yd suf oabmwlncD suf &,l&rnf/
(p) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf\
oabmwlncD su&f &SNd y;D onfh vTwaf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,t f m; oufqidk &f m
wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyt f jzpf cefUtyfwm0efay;&rnf?
(q) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyt f wGuf owfrw S x f m;aom
t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESirhf jynfph aHk Mumif; txift&Sm;rjyEkid yf gu wkid ;f a'oBu;D
130
okrYd [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfonf Ekid if aH wmfor®wu trnfpm&if;
wifoiG ;f onfh vTwaf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,t f m; wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf
jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyt f jzpf ceft Y yfwm0efay;&ef jiif;y,fciG fh r&Sad p&?
(Z) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyt f jzpf
ceft Y yf wm0efay;&ef wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf\
oabmwlncD suf r&&So d nfyh *k K¾dvt f pm; trnfpm&if;opfudk wkid ;f a'oBu;D
okrYd [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfoYkd xyfrw H ifoiG ;f cGi&fh o dS nf/
22/ wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D rsm; ceft Y yfwm0efay;jcif;ESiphf yfvsO;f Ny;D -
(u) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyo f nf wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf
jynfe,f0efBu;D rsm;tjzpf ceft Y yfwm0efay;&ef -
(1) oufqkdif&m wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf
ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;xJujzpfap? vTwaf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf [kwf
olrsm;xJujzpfap owfrSwfxm;onfh t&nftcsif;rsm;ESihf
jynfph aHk omoifah vsmo f nfyh *k K¾d vrf sm;ukd a&G;cs,&f rnf?
(2) vkHNcKHa&;ESihfe,fpyfa&;&mwm0efay;tyfEkdif&ef wyfrawmf
umuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyx f rH S oihaf vsmo f nfh wyfrawmfom;rsm;\
trnfpm&if;ukd awmif;cH&rnf?
(3) oufqidk &f m wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,ftwGi;f &Sd uk, d yf idk f
tkycf sKycf iG &hf wkid ;f OD;pD;tzGUJ odrYk [kwf uk, d yf idk t
tzGUJ xHrS ,if;wd\ Yk Ouú|trnfpm&if;ukd &,l&rnf?
(4) oufqkdif&m wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,ftwGif;&Sd
wkid ;f &if;om; vlrsKd ;a&;&m aqmif&u G &f eftwGuf a&G;aumuf
wifajr§mufxm;onfh vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;\ trnf
pm&if;ukd oufqidk &f ma&G;aumufyJG aumfr&Six f rH &S ,l&rnf/
131
(c) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyo f nf rdrad &G;cs,x f m;onfh
yk*K¾d vrf sm;ESihf wyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyx f rH &S &So d nfh wyfrawmf
om;rsm;\ trnfpm&if;ukpd pk nf;Ny;D oufqidk &f m wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf
jynfe,fvw T af wmfoYkd wifoiG ;f vsuf oabmwlncD su&f ,l&rnf?
(*) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D rsm;twGuf owfrw S xf m;aom
t&nf t csif ; rsm;ES i f h rjynf h p k H a Mumif ; txif t &S m ;rjyEk d i f y gu
wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfonf wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf
jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyfu trnfpm&if;wifoGif;onfh yk*d¾Kvfrsm;tm;
wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D rsm;tjzpf ceft Y yfwm0efay;&ef
jiif;y,fciG rfh &Sad p&?
(C) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyo f nf wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf
jynfe,f 0efBu;D tjzpf ceft Y yfwm0efay;&ef wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf
jynfe,fvw T af wmf\ oabmwlncD suf r&&So d nfh yk*K¾d vt f pm; trnf
pm&if;opfudk oufqidk &f m wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfoYkd
xyfrw H ifoiG ;f cGifh &So
d nf?
(i) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyo f nf wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf
jynfe,f vTwaf wmf\ oabmwlncD su&f &SNd y;D onfh yk*K¾d vrf sm;ESihf uk, d yf idk f
tkycf sKycf iG &fh wkid ;f Ouú| okrYd [kwf uk,
d yf idk t
f yk cf sKycf iG &fh a'oOuú|rsm;\
trnfpm&if;ESihf wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;a&;&maqmif&u G &f ef a&G;aumuf
wifajrm§ ufxm;onfh vTwaf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;\ trnfpm&if;yg
yk*d¾Kvfrsm;tm; wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f 0efBuD;rsm;tjzpf
ceftY yfwm0efay;&ef Ekid if aH wmfor®wxH wifjy&rnf?
(p) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyu f wifjy
vmonfh yk*K¾d vrf sm;tm; oufqidk &f m wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f
132
0efBu;D rsm;tjzpf ceft Y yfwm0efay;&rnf/ xko d Ykd ceft Y yfwm0efay;&mwGif
wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D wpfO;D csi;f tvku d f wm0ef,&l rnfh
0efBu;D Xme odrYk [kwf 0efBu;D Xmersm;ukd oufqikd &f m 0efBu;D csKyEf iS hf ñ§Ed iId ;f vsuf
owfrw S af y;&rnf/
(q) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf
(1) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D rsm;jzpfonfh uk, d yf idk t
f yk cf sKycf iG &hf
wkid ;f Ouú|ESifh uk, d yf idk t
f yk cf sKycf iG &fh a'oOuú|rsm;tm; oufqidk &f m
uk, d yf idk t
f yk cf sKycf iG &fh wkid ;f odrYk [kwf uk, d yf idk t f yk cf sKycf iG &fh a'oa&;&m
rsm;ukad qmif&u G &f ef wm0efay;tyf&rnf?
(2) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D rsm;jzpfonfh wkid ;f &if;om;
vlrsKd ;a&;&m aqmif&u G &f efa&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufxm;onfh vTwaf wmf
uk, d pf m;vS,rf sm;tm; oufqidk &f m wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;a&;&mrsm;ukd
aqmif&u G &f ef wm0efay;tyf&rnf/
(Z) oufqidk &f m uk, d yf idk tf yk cf sKycf iG &fh wkid ;f Ouú| okrYd [kwf uk, d yf idk t f yk cf sKycf iG &fh
a'o Ouú|tm;vnf;aumif;? oufqidk &f m wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f
twGi;f &Sd wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;a&;&maqmif&u G &f ef a&G;aumufwifajrm§ uf
xm;onfh vTwaf wmf uk, d pf m;vS,t f m;vnf;aumif; wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf
jynfe,f0efBu;D tjzpf ceft Y yfwm0efay;&mwGif Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf zGUJ pnf;ykH
tajccHOya'wGif owfrw S xf m;onfh toufuefo Y wfcsuu f dk avsmah yghay;
&rnf?
(ps) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf 0efBu;D csKyEf iS ñ hf EdS iId ;f í uk,
d yf idk tf yk cf sKycf iG &fh wkid ;f odrYk [kwf
uk, d yf idk tf yk cf sKycf iG &hf a'oqkid &f m0efBu;D rsm;tm;vnf;aumif;? wkid ;f &if;om;
vlrsKd ;a&;&m 0efBu;D rsm;tm;vnf;aumif; tjcm;0efBu;D Xme wm0efrsm;ukv d nf;
yl;wGw J m0efay;tyfEidk o f nf?
133
(n) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f 0efBu;D csKyo f nf vkNH cKaH &;ESifh e,fpyfa&;&m
wm0efrsm;rSty tjcm;wm0efrsm;twGuf wyfrawmfom;rsm;tm;
wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D tjzpf ceft Y yfwm0efay;vkv d Qif
wyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyx f rH S trnfpm&if;awmif;cHí ,if;trnf
pm&if;ukd oufqidk &f m wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf\
oabm wlncD su&f ,lvsuf Ekid if aH wmfor®wxH wifjy&rnf?
(#) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyEf iS hf
0efBu;D rsm; ceft Y yfwm0efay;jcif;rsm;uko d ufqidk &f mwkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf
jynf e ,f v T w f a wmf o k d Y v nf ; aumif ; ? jynf a xmif p k v T w f a wmf o d k Y
vnf;aumif; taMumif;Mum;&rnf?
(X) (1) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyo f nf
Ekid if aH wmfor®wtm; wm0efcH &rnf?
(2) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f 0efBu;D rsm;onf oufqidk &f m
wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f 0efBu;D csKyt f m;vnf;aumif;?
oufqidk &f mwkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyrf S wpfqifh
Ekid if aH wmfor®wtm;vnf;aumif; wm0efc&H rnf/
(!) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyEf iS hf 0efBu;D rsm;\ &mxl;
oufwrf;onf omreftm;jzifh EkdifiHawmfor®w\ &mxl;oufwrf;
twkid ;f jzpfonf/
23/ wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyf odrYk [kwf 0efBu;D wpfO;D OD; tay:pGypf JG
jypfwifjcif;ESihf pyfvsO;f Ny;D -
(u) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f 0efBu;D csKyf okrYd [kwf 0efBu;D wpfO;D OD;tm;
atmufygtaMumif;wpf&yf&yfaMumifh pGypf jJG ypfwifEidk o f nf -
134
usL;vGef jcif;?
(3) tusio fh u d m© ysujf ym;jcif;?
(4) zGJUpnf;ykH tajccHOya'wGif jy|mef;xm;onfh wkdif;a'oBuD;
okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyfESifh 0efBuD;\ t&nftcsif;
ysu, f iG ;f jcif;/
(c) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyf odrYk [kwf 0efBu;D wpfO;D OD;tay:
azmfjyygtaMumif; wpf&yf&yfjzifh pGyfpGJjypfwifvkdygu oufqkdif&m
wkdif;a'oBuD; vTwfawmfokdYr[kwfjynfe,f vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f
pkpak ygif;OD;a&teuf tenf;qk;H av;ykw H pfyuHk vufrw S af &;xk;d Ny;D rdrwd \
Ykd
pGypf cJG suu f kd oufqidk &f mvTwaf wmf Ouú|xH wifjy&rnf?
(*) oufqidk &f m vTwaf wmfOuú|onf pkpH rf;ppfaq;a&;tzGUJ ukd zGUJ pnf;í
pGypf cJG suuf pdk pHk rf;ppfaq;ap&rnf/ pkpH rf;ppfaq;&rnfh vkyif ef;yrmPukd
axmuf½í I pkpH rf;ppfaq;rI Ny;D pD;&rnfu h mvukv d nf; owfrw S af y;&rnf?
(C) pGypf cJG suuf dk pkpH rf;ppfaq;onft h cg pGypf jJGypfwifjcif;cH&aom wkid ;f a'oBu;D
okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyf odkYr[kwf 0efBuD;tm; ukd,fwdkifaomf
vnf;aumif;? uk, d pf m;vS,jf zihf aomfvnf;aumif; acsycGiafh y;&rnf?
(i) (1) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyf odrYk [kwf 0efBu;D
wpfO;D OD;tay: oufqidk &f m wkid ;f a'oBu;D vTwaf wmf okrYd [kwf
jynfe,fvw T af wmf\ pGypf jJGypfwifrEI iS fh pyfvsO;f í pkpH rf; ppfaq;a&;
tzGUJ u pkpH rf;ppfaq; awGU&Scd surf sm;ukd wifjyvmvQif vTwaf wmf
Ouú|onf oufqkdif&m wkdif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf okdYr[kwf
jynfe,fvTwfawmfodkY wifjy&rnf/ oufqkdif&m vTwfawmf
uk, d pf m;vS,f pkpak ygif;OD;a& tenf;qk;H ok;H ykEH pS yf uH k pGypf jJyG pfwifroI nf
135
rSeu f efí pGypf cJG &H olonf wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f
0efBuD;csKyf okdYr[kwf 0efBuD;&mxl;wGif qufvufxrf;&Guf
ap&efroifah Mumif; qk;H jzwfvQif Ouú|onf xkq d ;Hk jzwfcsuu f kd
Ekid if aH wmfor®wxH wifjytpD&ifc&H rnf?
(2) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf wifjycsu&f &Sv d Qif pGypf jJG ypfwifjcif;cH&onfh
wk d i f ; a'oBuD ; ok d Y r [k w f jynf e ,f 0 ef B uD ; csKyf od k Y r [k w f
0efBu;D tm; &mxl;rS&yfp&J rnf?
(3) pGypf jJG ypfwifro I nf rrSeu
f efaMumif; oufqikd &f m vTwaf wmfu
qkH;jzwfvQif xkdokdY qkH;jzwfaMumif;ukd vTwfawmfOuú|onf
Ekid if aH wmf or®wxHwifjy tpD&ifc&H rnf/
24/ wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyf odrYk [kwf 0efBu;D wpfO;D OD; Ekwx f uG jf cif;?
wm0efrS&yfpJjcif;? vpfvyf&mxl;ae&m jznfhpGufcefYxm;jcif; ponfwkdYESifh
pyfvsO;f Ny;D -
(u) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyf odrYk [kwf 0efBu;D
wpfO;D OD;onf &mxl;oufwrf; rukeq f ;Hk rD taMumif; wpfcck ak Mumifh
rdro d abmqE´tavsmuf &mxl;rS Ekwx f u G v
f v dk Qif xko d Ykd Ekwx f u G f
vkad Mumif; Ekid if aH wmfor®wxH pmjzihf wifjyNy;D &mxl;rSEw k xf u G f
Ekid of nf?
(c) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf
(1) vkyfief;wm0efukd ausyGefpGm rxrf;aqmifEkdifaom
wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyf odrYk [kwf
0efBuD;tm; &mxl;rSEkwfxGuf&ef ñTefMum;Ekdifonf/
ñTefMum;onfhtwkdif; vkdufemjcif;rjyKvQif wm0efrS
&yfp&J rnf?
136
(2) &mxl;rS Ekwx f u
G &f rnfh okrYd [kwf wm0efrS &yfpcJ &H rnfh
wyfrawmfom; wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D ESihf
ywfoufvQif wyfrawmf umuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyEf iS hf ñSEd iId ;f
aqmif&u G &f rnf/
(*) &mxl;rSEw k x f u G jf cif;aMumifjh zpfap? wm0efr&S yfpcJ &H jcif;aMumihf
jzpfap? uG,v f eG jf cif;aMumifjh zpfap? tjcm;taMumif; wpfcck ak Mumifh
jzpfapwkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f 0efBu;D csKyf odrYk [kwf 0efBu;D
&mxl; ae&mvpfvyfvQif Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf wkid ;f a'oBu;D
okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyf okrYd [kwf 0efBu;D rsm; ceft Y yfwm0ef
ay;jcif;ESihf pyfvsO;f í zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'yg oufqidk &f m
jy|mef;csurf sm;ESit fh nD vpfvyfonfh &mxl;ae&mwGif jznfph u G cf efY
xm;Ekid o
f nf/ xko d Ykd jznfph uG f cefx Y m;jcif;cH&onfh yk*K¾d v\f &mxl;
oufwrf;onf Ekid if aH wmfor®w\use&f o dS nfh &mxl;oufwrf;
twGuo f m jzpfap&rnf?
(C) (1) wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;onf EkdifiHh
0efxrf;jzpfvQif wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f 0efBu;D
tjzpf ceft Y yfjcif;cH&onfah eYrpS í wnfq0J efxrf; pnf;rsO;f
pnf;urf;rsm;ESit fh nD Ekid if 0hH efxrf;tjzpfrS tNird ;f pm;
,lNy;D jzpfonf[k rSw, f &l rnf?
(2) wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,ftpkd;&tzGJUrsm;\
vk H N cKH a &;ES i h f e,f p yf a&;&m 0ef B uD ; Xmersm;wG i f
wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D tjzpf cefx Y m;jcif;
cH&aomwyfrawmfom;rsm;onf wyfrawmfrS tNird ;f pm;
,l&ef okrYd [kwf Ekwx f uG &f efrvk/d
137
(i) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyEf iS fh 0efBu;D rsm;\ wm0efrsm;?
vkyyf idk cf iG rfh sm;? &ykid cf iG rhf sm;udk Oya'jy|mef;í owfrw S &f rnf/
25/ wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyEf iS fh 0efBu;D wd\ Yk tqifo h wfrw S jf cif;ESifh
pyfvsO;f Ny;D wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyEf iS hf 0efBu;D wk\ Yd wm0ef?
vkyyf idk f cGiEfh iS fh &ykid cf iG rfh sm;ukd Oya'jzihf jy|mef;onft h cg rSjD irf;jyKEidk af &;twGuf
wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyfukd jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;tqifh
owfrw S of nf/ wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D udk 'kw, d 0efBu;D tqihf
owfrw S of nf/
wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,ftpd;k &tzGUJ ½k;H
26/ wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,ftaxGaxGtkyfcsKyfa&;Xme tBuD;tuJESihf
ywfoufNyD; wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,ftaxGaxGtkyfcsKyfa&;Xme
tBuD;tuJonf &mxl; tavsmuf oufqkdif&m wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf
jynfe,ftpk;d &tzJUJG \ twGi;f a&;rSL; jzpfonf/ xkt Yd jyif wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf
jynfe,ftaxGaxG tkycf sKyaf &;Xmeonf oufqidk &f m wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf
jynfe,ftpk;d & tzGUJ ½k;H vnf; jzpfonf/
wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fOya'csKyf
27/ wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fa&SUaecsKyf tac:ta0:ESifhpyfvsOf;NyD;
wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fOya'csKy[ f k ac:a0:&rnf/
28/ wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fOya'csKyf ceft Y yfwm0efay;jcif;ESihf pyfvsO;f Ny;D -
(u) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyo f nf Oya'tBuÓ H Pfrsm;
&,lEidk &f efEiS fh Oya'qkid &f m wm0efrsm;ay;Ekid &f ef vTwaf wmf uk, d pf m;vS,f
rsm;xJujzpfap? vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f r[kwfolrsm;xJujzpfap
atmufazmfjyyg t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESihf jynfph o Hk w l pfO;D OD;tm; wkid ;f a'oBu;D
okdYr[kwf jynfe,fOya'csKyftjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;Ekdifa&;twGuf
138
oufqkdif&m wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfodkYwifjy
oabmwlncD su&f ,lí Ekid if aH wmfor®wxH wifjy&rnf -
vTwaf wmf uk, d pf m;vS,rf sm;twGuf owfrw S x f m;onfh t&nf
tcsi;f rsm;ESifh jynfph o
Hk ?l
(3) (uu) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,ftqihx f uf redrahf om
w&m;a&;0efxrf; odkYr[kwf Oya'0efxrf;&mxl;wGif
tenf;qk;H ig;ESpw f m0ef xrf;aqmifco hJ l okrYd [kwf c½kid f
tqihfxuf redrfhaom w&m;a&;0efxrf; okdYr[kwf
Oya'0efxrf;&mxl;wGif tenf;qkH; 10 ESpf wm0ef
xrf;aqmifco hJ l okrYd [kwf
( c c ) w&m;vTwaf wmfa&SUae (Advocate) jzpfvQif tenf;qk;H
15 ESpf trIvu dk yf gaqmif&u G cf o
hJ ?l
(4) Ekid if aH wmfEiS hf Ekid if oH m;rsm;tay: opöm&So d /l
(c) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fOya'csKyt f jzpf
wm0efay;tyf&ef oufqkdif&m wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f
0efBu;D csKyu f oufqidk &f m vTwaf wmf\ oabmwlncD sujf zifh wifjyvm
onfhyk*d¾Kvftm; wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fOya'csKyftjzpf
ceft Y yfwm0efay;&rnf/
(*) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fOya'csKyt f wGuf owfrw S x f m;aom
t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESihf rjynfph aHk Mumif; txift&Sm;rjyEkid yf gu oufqidk &f m
wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfonf oufqkdif&m
wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyu f trnfpm&if;wifoiG ;f onfh
139
yk*K¾d vt f m; wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fOya'csKyt f jzpf ceft Y yf
wm0efay;&ef jiif;y,fciG hf r&Sad p&/
(C) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyo f nf wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf
jynfe,fOya'csKyt f jzpf ceft Y yfwm0efay;&ef wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf
jynfe,fvw T af wmf\ oabmwlncD surf &&So d nfh yk*K¾d vt f pm; trnf
pm&if;opfudk oufqidk &f m wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfoYkd
xyfrH wifoiG ;f cGi&fh o dS nf/
(i) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fOya'csKyo f nf oufqidk &f m wkid ;f a'oBu;D
okrYd [kwf jynfe,ftpk;d & tzGUJ 0ifjzpfonf/
(p) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fOya'csKyo f nf -
(1) oufqidk &f m wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyrf w S pfqifh
Ekid if aH wmfor®wtm; wm0efc&H rnf?
(2) jynf a xmif p k a&S U aecsKyf t m;vnf ; aumif ; ? ouf q k d i f & m
wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyt f m;vnf;aumif;
wm0efc&H rnf/
(q) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fOya'csKyt f m; pGypf jJG ypfwif&efupd ö
ay:aygufvQif wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyf odrYk [kwf
0efBu;D wpfO;D OD;tm; pGypf jJGypfwif&ef zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;
ESit hf nD aqmif&u G &f rnf/
(Z) &mxl;rSEw k x f u G jf cif;? wm0efr&S yfpjJ cif;? vpfvyfonf&h mxl;ae&mwGif
jznfph u G f cefx Y m;jcif;? Ekid if 0hH efxrf;jzpfygu tNird ;f pm;,lNy;D jzpfonf[k
rSw, f jl cif;wkEYd iS hf pyfvsO;f í wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyf
okrYd [kwf 0efBu;D rsm;twGuf owfrw S x
f m;onfh zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'yg
jy|mef;csurf sm;onf wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fOya'csKyEf iS v fh nf;
oufqidk af p&rnf/
140
(ps) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fOya'csKy\ f wm0efrsm;? vkyyf idk cf iG rfh sm;?
&ykid cf iG hf rsm;ukd Oya'jy|mef;í owfrw S &f rnf/
29/ wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fOya'csKy\ f tqifo h wfrw S jf cif;ESihf pyfvsO;f Ny;D
wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fOya'csKy\ f wm0ef? vkyyf idk cf iG ?hf &ykid cf iG rfh sm;ukd
Oya'jzifh jy|mef;owfrw S of nft h cg rSjD irf;jyKEidk af &;twGuf wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf
jynfe,fOya'csKy\ f tqihu f kd wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D tqifh
owfrw S o
f nf/
wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fpm&if;ppfcsKyf
30/ wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fpm&if;ppfcsKyf tac:ta0:ESihf pyfvsO;f Ny;D
wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fpm&if;ppfcsKy[ f k ac:a0:&rnf/
31/ wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fpm&if;ppfcsKyf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;ESifh
pyfvsO;f Ny;D -
(u) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f t&tok;H aiGpm&if;rsm;ukd ppfaq;í
oufqidk &f m wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfoYdk wifjyEkid &f ef
wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyo f nf vTwaf wmf uk, d pf m;vS,f
rsm;xJujzpfap? vTwfawmf ukd,fpm;vS,f r[kwfolrsm;xJujzpfap
atmufazmfjyygt&nftcsi;f rsm;ESihf jynfph o Hk l wpfO;D OD;tm; wkid ;f a'oBu;D
okrYd [kwf jynfe,f pm&if;ppfcsKyt f jzpf ceft Y yfwm0ef ay;Ekid af &;twGuf
oufqidk &f m wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfoYdk wifjyoabm
wlncD su&f ,lí Ekid if aH wmfor®wxH wifjy&rnf -
vTwaf wmf uk, d pf m;vS,rf sm;twGuf owfrw S xf m;onfh t&nf
tcsi;f rsm;ESifh jynfph o
Hk ?l
141
(3) (uu) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fpm&if;ppf t&m&Sx d uf
redrahf om &mxl;wGif tenf;qk;H ig;ESpaf qmif&u G cf ohJ l
okrYd [kwf c½kid t f qihf pm&if;ppft&m&Sx d uf redrahf om
&mxl;wGif tenf;qk;H 10 ESpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ l okrYd [kwf
( c c ) rSwyf w Hk ifpm&if;ukid f odrYk [kwf vufrw S &f jynfopYl m&if;
ukid t f jzpf tenf;qk;H 15 ESpf aqmif&u G cf ohJ ?l
(c) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fpm&if;ppfcsKyt f jzpf
wm0efay;tyf&ef oufqkdif&m wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f
0efBu;D csKyu f oufqidk &f mvTwaf wmf\ oabmwlncD sujf zihf wifjyvm
onfyh *k K¾d vt f m; wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fpm&if;ppfcsKyt f jzpf
ceft Y yfwm0efay;&rnf?
(*) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fpm&if;ppfcsKyt f wGuf owfrw S xf m;aom
t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESihf rjynfph aHk Mumif; txift&Sm;rjyEkid yf gu oufqidk &f m
wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfonf oufqkdif&m
wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyu f trnfpm&if; wifoiG ;f
onfyh *k K¾d vt f m; wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fpm&if; ppfcsKyt f jzpf
ceft Y yfwm0efay;&ef jiif;y,fciG rhf &Sad p&?
(C) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyo f nf wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf
jynfe,f pm&if;ppfcsKyt f jzpfceft
Y yfwm0efay;&efwikd ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf
jynfe,fvw T af wmf\ oabmwlncD surf &&So d nhf yk*Kd¾ vtf pm; trnf
pm&if;opfukd oufqikd &f m wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfoYkd
xyfrH wifoiG ;f cGi&fh o dS nf/
142
(i) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fpm&if;ppfcsKyo f nf -
(1) oufqidk &f m wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyrf w S pfqifh
Ekid if aH wmf or®wtm;wm0efc&H rnf?
(2) jynfaxmifpkpm&if;ppfcsKyftm;vnf;aumif;? oufqkdif&m
wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyt f m;vnf;aumif;
wm0efc&H rnf/
(p) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fpm&if;ppfcsKyt f m; pGypf jJG ypfwif&efupd ö
ay:aygufvQif wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyf odrYk [kwf 0efBu;D
wpfO;D OD;tm; pGypf jJGypfwif&ef zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;ESit hf nD
aqmif&u G &f rnf/
(q) &mxl;rSEw k x f u G jf cif;? wm0efr&S yfpjJ cif;? vpfvyfonfh &mxl;ae&mwGif
jznfph u G f cefx Y m;jcif;? Ekid if 0Hh efxrf;jzpfygu tNird ;f pm;,lNy;D jzpfonf[k
rSw, f jl cif;wkEYd iS hf pyfvsO;f í wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyf
odrYk [kwf 0efBu;D rsm; twGuf owfrw S x f m;onfh zGUJ pnf;yktH ajccHOya'yg
jy|mef;csurf sm;onf wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fpm&if;ppfcsKyEf iS v hf nf;
oufqidk af p&rnf/
(Z) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fpm&if;ppfcsKy\ f wm0efrsm;? vkyyf idk cf iG rhf sm;?
&ykid cf iG rhf sm;udk Oya'jy|mef;í owfrw S &f rnf/
32/ wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fpm&if;ppfcsKy\ f tqiho f wfrw S jf cif;ESifh pyfvsO;f Ny;D
wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fpm&if;ppfcsKy\ f wm0ef? vkyyf idk cf iG ?fh &ykid cf iG rfh sm;ukd
Oya'jzifh jy|mef;owfrw S of nft h cg rSjD irf;jyKEidk af &;twGuf wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf
jynfe,f pm&if;ppfcsKy\ f tqihu f dk wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D tqihf
owfrw S of nf/
143
uk,
d yf idk t
f yk cf sKycf iG &hf wkid ;f OD;pD;tzGUJ ESihf uk, d yf idk tf yk cf sKycf iG &fh a'oOD;pD;tzGUJ
33/ uk, d yf idk t f yk cf sKycf iG &fh wkid ;f odrYk [kwf uk, d yf idk t f yk cf sKycf iG &hf a'otkycf sKyaf &;tzGUJ
tac:ta0:ESifh pyfvsOf;NyD; ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wkdif; okdYr[kwf ukd,fykdif
tkycf sKycf iG &fh a'o tkycf sKyaf &;tzGUJ ukd uk, d yf idk t f yk cf sKycf iG &hf wkid ;f OD;pD;tzGUJ okrYd [kwf
uk, d yf idk t f yk cf sKycf iG &fh a'oOD;pD;tzGUJ [k ac:a0:ok;H EIe;f onf/
34/ uk, d yf idk t f yk cf sKycf iG &fh wkid ;f OD;pD;tzGUJ ESifh uk, d yf idk t f yk cf sKycf iG &hf a'oOD;pD;tzGUJ
zGUJ pnf;jcif;ESihf pyfvsO;f Ny;D -
(u) uk, d yf idk t f yk cf sKycf iG &fh wkid ;f ESifh uk, d yf idk t f yk cf sKycf iG &fh a'owko Yd nf uk, d yf idk f
tkycf sKycf iG &fh pD&ifprk sm;jzpfMuonft h m;avsmpf mG tqift h wef; wlnMD u
onf?
(c) uk, d yf idk t f yk cf sKycf iG &fh wkid ;f ESifh uk, d yf idk t f yk cf sKycf iG &fh a'orsm;wGif uk, d yf idk f
tkycf sKycf iG &fh wkid ;f OD;pD;tzGUJ ESihf uk, d yf idk t f yk cf sKycf iG &hf a'oOD;pD;tzGUJ rsm;
toD;oD; zGUJ pnf;xm;&So d nf/ ,if;OD;pD;tzGUJ rsm;onf zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccH
Oya't& cGaJ 0tyfEiS ;f onfh Oya'jyKa&;tmPmukv d nf; usio hf ;Hk onf?
(*) uk, d yf idk t f yk cf sKycf iG &fh wkid ;f OD;pD;tzGUJ okrYd [kwf uk, d yf idk t
f yk cf sKycf iG &fh a'oOD;pD;
tzGUJ wGif tzGUJ 0ifO;D a& tenf;qk;H 10 OD;yg0ifap&rnf?
(C) uk, d yf idk t f yk cf sKycf iG &fh wkid ;f OD;pD;tzGUJ okrYd [kwf uk, d yf idk t
tzGUJ ukd atmufygyk*K¾d vrf sm;jzifh zJUJG pnf;&rnf/
(1) ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf& wkdif; okdYr[kwf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&
a'otwGi;f &Sd NrKd Ue,frsm;rS a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufxm;aom
wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;?
(2) vkNH cKaH &;wm0efjzpfap? e,fpyfa&;&mwm0efjzpfap ay;tyfEidk &f ef
wyfrawmf umuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyu f Oya'ESit hf nD trnfpm&if;
wifoiG ;f onfh wyfrawmfom; uk, d pf m;vS,rf sm;?
(3) tyd'k cf JG (1) ESihf (2) yg yk*K¾d vrf sm;u a&G;cs,jf znfph u G cf efx Y m;onfh
uk, d pf m;vS,rf sm;/
144
(i) txuftyd'k f (C) tyd'k cf JG (1) ESihf (2) yg uk, d yf idk t f yk cf sKycf iG &hf wkid ;f odrYk [kwf
uk, d yf idk t f yk cf sKycf iG &fh a'o OD;pD;tzGUJ 0ifrsm;onf rdrw d t Ykd csi;f csi;f ñ§Ed iId ;f vsuf
uk, d yf idk t f yk cf sKycf iG &hf wkid ;f okrYd [kwf uk, d yf idk f tkycf sKycf iG &fh a'otwGi;f &Sd
NrKd Ue,frsm;rS a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufxm;aom vTwaf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;
teuf oifah vsmo f w l pfO;D tm; uk, d yf idk t f yk cf sKycf iG &fh wkid ;f Ouú| okrYd [kwf
uk, d yf idk f tkycf sKycf iG &fh a'oOuú|tjzpf a&G;cs,&f rnf/ xko d Ydk a&G;cs,o f nfh
yk*K¾d v\ f trnfpm&if;ukd oufqidk &f m wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f
0efBu;D csKyrf S wpfqifh Edik if aH wmfor®wxH wifjy&rnf?
(p) EkdifiHawmfor®wonf trnfpm&if; wifoGif;vmonfh yk*d¾Kvftm;
oufqidk &f m uk, d yf idk t f yk cf sKycf iG &fh wkid ;f Ouú| odrYk [kwf uk, d yf idk t f yk cf sKycf iG &fh
a'oOuú| tjzpf ceft Y yfwm0efay;&rnf?
(q) uk, d yf idk t f yk cf sKycf iG &fh wkid ;f Ouú| odrYk [kwf uk, d yf idk tf yk cf sKycf iG &fh a'o
Ouú|onf &mxl;tavsmuf oufqkdif&m wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf
jynfe,f0efBu;D jzpfonf/ odjYk zpfí wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f
0efBuD;ESifhpyfvsOf;NyD; cefYxm;onfh enf;vrf;rSty zGJUpnf;ykHtajccH
Oya'wGiyf g&So d nfh jy|mef;csurf sm;onf uk, d yf idk tf yk cf sKycf iG &fh wkid ;f Ouú|
odrYk [kwf uk, d yf idk t f yk cf sKycf iG &fh a'o Ouú|ESiv hf nf; oufqidk af p&rnf?
(Z) oufqidk &f m uk, d yf idk t f yk cf sKycf iG &fh wkid ;f Ouú| odrYk [kwf uk, d yf idk t f yk cf sKycf iG &fh
a'oOuú|ESihf OD;pD;tzGUJ 0ifrsm;onf
(1) oufqkdif&m ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf& wkdif; odkYr[kwf ukd,fykdif
tkycf sKycf iG &fh a'otwGi;f aexkid Mf uonfh oufqidk &f muk, d yf idk f
tkycf sKycf iG &fh wkid ;f odrYk [kwf uk, d yf idk tf yk cf sKycf iG &fh a'o&&SNd y;D aom
wkid ;f &if;om; vlrsKd ;rsm;rSty usew f idk ;f &if;om; vlrsKd ;rsm;teuf
avsmu f efoihjf rwfaom vlO;D a&jzpfonfh vlO;D a& tenf;qk;H
10000 ESihftxuf&SdaMumif; oufqkdif&mu owfrSwfonfh
145
wk d i f ; &if ; om;vl r sd K ;rsm;&S d v Qif ,if ; wd k i f ; &if ; om;vl r sd K ;
uk, d pf m;vS,w f pfO;D uspu D dk OD;pD;tzJUG 0iftjzpf a&G;cs,cf efx Y m;
&rnf/ ,if;okYd a&G;cs,cf efx Y m;jcif;cH&aom OD;pD;tzJUG 0ifonf
wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf uk, d pf m;vS,rf sm;
twGuf owfrw S x f m;onfh t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESihf jynfph &Hk rnf?
(2) uk, d yf idk t
f yk cf sKycf iG &fh wkid ;f OD;pD;tzGUJ odrYk [kwf uk, d yf idk t
f yk cf sKycf iG &fh
a'oOD;pD;tzGUJ wGif tzGUJ 0ifO;D a& 10 OD;rjynfah o;ygu tzGUJ 0ifO;D a&
tenf;qkH; 10 OD; jynfhap&ef vkdtyfonfh tzGJU0ifOD;a&ukd
oufqkdif&m ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf& wkdif; odkYr[kwf ukd,fykdif
tkyfcsKyfcGihf& a'otwGif; aexkdifolrsm;xJrS wkdif;a'oBuD;
odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf uk, d pf m;vS,rf sm;twGuf owfrw S f
xm;onhf t&nftcsif;rsm;ESifh jynfhpkHaomoihfavsmfonfh
yk*K¾dvrf sm;tm; rdrw d o Ydk abm qE´tavsmuf a&G;cs,cf efx Y m;&rnf/
(ps) wyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyo f nf uk, d yf idk t
f yk cf sKycf iG &fh wkid ;f OD;pD;tzJUG ESihf
uk, d yf idk tf yk cf sKycf iG &fh a'oOD;pD;tzGUJ wkw Yd iG f OD;pD;tzGUJ 0if pkpak ygif;\
av;ykHwpfykH jzpfonfh OD;pD;tzJGU0ifOD;a&ukd wyfrawmfom;rsm;jzifh
vkt
d yfovkd jznfph u G w f m0ef ay;Ekid o f nf?
(n) uk, d yf idk tf yk cf sKycf iG &fh wkid ;f okrYd [kwf uk, d yf idk t
f yk cf sKycf iG &fh a'o OD;pD;
tzGUJ 0ifrsm; tjzpf wm0efay;tyf&ef wyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyu f
Oya'ESifhtnD trnfpm&if;wifoGif;onfh wyfrawmfom;rsm;onf
wkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;\
t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESihf jynfph &Hk rnf?
146
(#) (1) oufqidk &f m uk, d yf idk tf yk cf sKycf iG &fh wkid ;f OD;pD;tzGUJ Ouú| odrYk [kwf
uk, d yf idk f tkycf sKycf iG &fh a'oOD;pD;tzGUJ Ouú|onf uk, d yf idk t
f yk cf sKycf iG fh
&wkid ;f odrYk [kwf uk, d yf idk t
f yk cf sKycf iG &fh a'oOD;pD;tzGUJ 0ifrsm;\
trnfpm&if;ukd aMunm&rnf?
(2) ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf& wkdif; odkYr[kwf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&
a'oOD;pD; tzGUJ Ouú|onf oufqidk &f m wkid ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf
jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyt f m; vnf;aumif;? oufqidk &f m 0efBu;D csKyrf S
wpfqifh Ekid if aH wmfor®wtm;vnf;aumif; wm0efc&H rnf?
(3) ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf& wkdif; odkYr[kwf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&
a'oOD;pD;tzGUJ 0ifrsm;onf ,if;wk\ Yd Ouú|tm; wm0efc&H rnf?
(4) uk, d yf idk t f yk cf sKycf iG &fh wkid ;f odrYk [kwf uk, d yf idk t
tzGJUOuú|ESihf tzGJU0ifwkdYESifhywfoufí &mxl;oufwrf;
owfrSwfjcif;? ta&;,ljcif;? &mxl;rSEkwfxGufjcif;? wm0efrS
&yfpjJ cif;? vpfvyf&mxl; ae&mrsm;wGif jznfph u G cf efx Y m;jcif;wkYd
twGuf Oya'jy|mef; owfrw S af y;&rnf/
(X) uk,d yf idk tf yk cf sKycf iG &fh wkid ;f odrYk [kwf uk, d yf idk tf yk cf sKycf iG &fh a'oOuú|ESifh
OD;pD; tzJUG 0ifw\ Ydk wm0efrsm;? vkyyf idk cf iG rfh sm;? &ykid cf iG rfh sm;ukd Oya'jy|mef;í
owfrw S af y;&rnf?
147
uk,
d yf idk tf yk cf sKycf iG &fh wkid ;f odrYk [kwf uk, d yf idk tf yk cf sKycf iG &fh a'oOD;pD;tzJUG ½k;H
(!) oufqikd &f m uk, d yf idk tf yk cf sKycf iG &fh wkid ;f odrYk [kwf uk, d yf idk t f yk cf sKycf iG &fh a'o
taxGaxGtyk cf sKyaf &;Xme tBu;D tuJonf &mxl;tavsmuf uk, d yf idk f
tkycf sKycf iG &fh wkid ;f odrYk [kwf uk, d yf idk t f yk cf sKycf iG &fh a'oOD;pD;tzJUG \
twGi;f a&;rSL; tjzpf aqmif&u G &f rnf/ xkjYd yif uk, d yf idk t f yk cf sKycf iG &fh wkid ;f
odrYk [kwf uk, d yf idk t f yk cf sKycf iG &fh a'o taxGaxGtyk cf sKyaf &;Xmeonf
oufqidk &f m uk, d yf idk t f yk cf sKycf iG &fh wkid ;f odrYk [kwf uk, d yf idk t f yk cf sKycf iG &fh
a'oOD;pD;tzJUG ½k;H vnf;jzpfonf/
jynfaxmifpek ,fajrjzpfonfh aejynfawmftyk cf sKyaf &;
35/ jynfaxmifpek ,fajrjzpfonfh aejynfawmftyk cf sKyaf &;ESihf pyfvsO;f Ny;D -
(u) jynfaxmifpek ,fajrjzpfonfh aejynfawmfwiG f þzJUG pnf;yHk tajccHOya'
tmPmoufa&mufonfah eYü wnf&adS eaom aejynfawmf pnfyifom,m
a&; e,ferd w d tf wGi;f &Sd c½kid Ef iS hf NrKd Ue,frsm;tm;vH;k yg0ifonf?
(c) Edik if aH wmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpek ,fajrjzpfonfh aejynfawmf twGi;f &Sd
c½kid Ef iS hf NrKd Ue,frsm;ukd vkt d yfovkd jyifqifowfrw S f Edik o f nf?
(*) Edik if aH wmfor®wonf -
(1) aejynfawmfaumifpD (Nay Pyi Taw Council) wpf&yfudk zJUG pnf;
xm;&S&d rnf?
(2) owfrw S x f m;aom t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESijhf ynfph o kH nfh yk*K¾ v d rf sm;ukd
aejynfawmf aumifpOD uú|ESihf aumifp0D ifrsm; tjzpf ceft Y yfwm0ef
ay;&rnf?
(3) jynfaxmifpek ,fajrjzpfonfh aejynfawmf\ vHNk cKH a&;qkid &f m
udpö&yfrsm;ukd nd§EIdif;aygif;pyfay;Edkifa&;twGuf aumifpD0if
okrYd [kwf aumifp0D ifrsm;tjzpf wm0efay;tyfEikd &f ef wyfrawmf
148
umuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyx f rH S owfrw S t
f &nftcsi;f ESijhf ynfph oHk nhf
oihaf vsmaf om wyfrawmfom; okrYd [kwf wyfrawmfom;rsm;\
trnfpm&if;ukd &,l&rnf?
(4) aejynfawmfaumifpw D iG f Ouú|tygt0if tzJUG 0ifO;D a&ukd Oya'ESihf
tnD vkt d yfovkd owfrw S Ef ikd o
f nf/
(C) aejynfawmfaumifpD Ouú|ESihf aumifp0D ifrsm;onf atmufazmfjyyg
t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESihf jynfph &kH rnf -
(2) toufuefYowfcsufrSty jynfolYvTwfawmf ukd,fpm;vS,f
twGuf owfrw S xf m;onfh t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESihf jynfph o kH ?l
(3) Edik if aH wmfor®wu owfrw S af om tjcm;t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESihf
vnf; jynfph o kH /l
(i) aejynfawmfaumifpDOuú|onf EdkifiHawmfor®wtm;vnf;aumif;?
aumifp0D ifrsm;onf aejynfawmfaumifpOD uú|ESihf aejynfawmfaumifpD
Ouú|rS wpfqifh Edik if aH wmfor®wtm;vnf;aumif; wm0efc&H rnf?
(p) aejynfawmfaumifpOD uú|ESiahf umifp0D ifrsm;\ &mxl;oufwrf;? &mxl;rS
EkwfxGufcGifh? wm0efrS&yfpJjcif;ESifhvpfvyf&mxl;ae&mwGif jznfhpGuf
cefx
Y m;jcif;wkEYd iS hf pyfvsO;f Ny;D -
(1) aejynfawmfaumifpOD uú|ESihf aumifp0D ifw\ Ydk &mxl;oufwrf;
onf omreftm;jzifh Edik if aH wmfor®w\ &mxl;oufwrf;twkid ;f
jzpfonf?
149
(2) aejynfawmfaumifpOD uú|ESihf aumifp0D ifwpfO;D OD;onf &mxl;
oufwrf; rukefqHk;rDtaMumif;wpfckckaMumifh rdrdoabm
qE´tavsmuf&mxl;rS Ekwx f u
G vf v
dk Qif xdo
k Ydk Ekwx f uG vf adk Mumif;
Edik if aH wmfor®wxH pmjzifh wifjyNy;D &mxl;rS Ekwx f uG Ef ikd o
f nf?
(3) Edik if aH wmfor®wonf -
(uu) ay;tyfonfh wm0efudk ausyeG pf mG rxrf;aqmifEikd af om
aejynfawmfaumifpDOuú| okdYr[kwf aumifpD0if
wpfOD;OD;tm; &mxl;rSEkwfxGuf&ef ñTefMum;Edkifonf/
ñTefMum;onhftwdkif; vdkufemjcif;rjyKvQif wm0efrS
&yfp&J rnf?
( c c ) &mxl;rS Ekwx f u
G &f rnfh okrYd [kwf wm0efrS &yfpcJ &H rnhf
wyfrawmfom; aejynfawmfaumifp0D ifEiS yhf wfoufvQif
wyfrawmfumuG,fa&; OD;pD;csKyfESifhnd§EIdif;aqmif&Guf
&rnf/
(4) &mxl;rSEw k xf uG jf cif;aMumifjh zpfap? wm0efr&S yfpcJ &H jcif;aMumifh
jzpfap? uG,v f eG jf cif;aMumifjh zpfap? tjcm;taMumif; wpfcck ak Mumifh
jzpfap aejynfawmfaumifpD Ouú| okrYd [kwf aumifp0D if&mxl;
ae&mvpfvyfvQif Edik if aH wmfor®wonf zJUG pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'yg
jy|mef;csurf sm;ESit hf nD aejynfawmfaumifpOD uú|topf okrYd [kwf
aumifp0D iftopftm; ceft Y yfwm0efay;Edik o f nf/ xko d Ydk ceft
Y yf
wm0efay;jcif; cH&onfh aejynfawmfaumifpDOuú|topf
okrYd [kwf aumifp0D iftopf\&mxl; oufwrf;onf Edik if aH wmf
or®w\use&f o dS nfh &mxl;oufwrf;twGuo f m jzpfap&rnf/
(q) aejynfawmfaumifpD Ouú|ESiahf umifp0D if wpfO;D OD;onf vTwaf wmf
wpf&yf&yf\ uk, d pf m;vS,jf zpfvQif aejynfawmfaumifpOD uú| okrYd [kwf
150
aumifpD0iftjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;cH&onfhaeYrSpí vTwfawmf
uk,d pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS Ekwx f uG Nf y;D jzpfonf[k rSw,
f &l rnf?
(Z) aejynfawmfaumifpOD uú|ESihf aumifp0D ifrsm;onf Edik if 0hH efxrf;jzpfvQif
aejynfawmfaumifpOD uú| okrYd [kwf aumifp0D iftjzpf ceft Y yfwm0ef
ay;jcif;cH&onfah eYrpS í wnfq0J efxrf;pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;rsm;ESit hf nD
EdkifiHh0efxrf;tjzpfrS tNidrf;pm;,lNyD; okdYr[kwf EkwfxGufNyD;jzpf
onf[k rSw, f &l rnf?
(ps) aejynf a wmf \ vH k N cH K a&;qk d i f & mud p ö & yf r sm;uk d aygif ; pyf n d § E I d i f ;
ay;Edkifa&;twGuf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;cH&onfh wyfrawmfom;
aejynfawmf aumifp0D if okrYd [kwf aumifp0D ifrsm;onf wyfrawmfrS
Ekwx f u G &f ef okrYd [kwf tNird ;f pm; ,l&efrvk?d
(n) aejynfawmf aumifpOD uú| okrYd [kwf aumifp0D ifwpfO;D OD;onf Edik if aH &;
ygwDwpfcck \ k tzJUG 0ifjzpfvQif aejynfawmfaumifpD Ouú| okrYd [kwf
aumifp0D iftjzpf ceft Y yfwm0efay;tyfjcif; cH&onfah eYrpS í rdr&d mxl;
oufwrf;twGi;f ,if;ygwD tzJUG tpnf;\ ygwDvyk if ef;rsm;wGif yg0if
aqmif&u G jf cif; rjyK&?
(#) aejynfawmfaumifpD zJUG pnf;jcif;? Ouú|ESiahf umifp0D ifrsm;\ wm0efrsm;?
vkyyf idk cf iG rhf sm;? &ykid cf iG rhf sm;ukd Oya'jy|mef;í owfrw S &f rnf?
(X) aejynfawmf taxGaxGtyk cf sKyaf &;Xme tBu;D tuJonf &mxl;tavsmuf
aejynfawmfaumifpD twGi;f a&;rSL;jzpfonf/ aejynfawmf taxGaxG
tkycf sKyaf &;Xmeonf aejynfawmfaumifp½D ;kH jzpfonf/
36/ aejynfawmfaumifpDOuú|\tqihfowfrSwfjcif;ESihfpyfvsOf;NyD; aejynfawmf
aumifpOD uú|ESiahf umifp0D ifrsm;\wm0efrsm;? vkyyf idk cf iG rhf sm;? &ykid cf iG rhf sm;ukd
Oya'jy|mef;onft h cg rDjS irf;jyKEikd af &;twGuf aejynfawmfaumifpOD uú|ukd
jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D tqifh owfrw S of nf/
151
37/ c½dik tf qihEf iS fh NrKd Ue,ftqihw f \ Ykd tkycf sKyaf &;ESiphf yfvsO;f Ny;D c½dik t
f qihEf iS fh NrKd Ue,f
tqihw f \
Ykd tkycf sKyaf &;udk Edik if 0hH efxrf;rsm;tm; wm0efay; aqmif&u G af p&rnf/
38/ &yfuu G f odrYk [kwf aus;&Gmtkypf \ k tkycf sKyaf &;ESipfh yfvsO;f Ny;D &yfuu G f odrYk [kwf
aus;&Gmtkypf \ k tkycf sKyaf &;udk &yf&mG u Munfñakd v;pm;Ny;D odum© orm"d&o dS nhf
yk*Kd¾ vwf pfO;D OD;udk Oya'ESit fh nD ceft Y yf wm0efay; aqmif&u G af p&rnf/
tkycf sKyaf &;qkid &f mtmPmcGaJ 0rI
Sharing of the Executive Power

153
tkycf sKyaf &;qdik &f m tmPmcGaJ 0rI
Ekid if aH wmfor®w\wm0efEiS v fh yk yf idk cf iG rhf sm;
1/ EdkifiHawmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmftm; wm0efcH&rnf/ 'kwd,
or®wrsm;onf Edik if aH wmfor®wtm;vnf;aumif;? Edik if aH wmfor®wrSwpfqihf
jynfaxmifpv k w
T af wmftm; vnf;aumif; wm0efc&H rnf/
2/ zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya't&aomfvnf;aumif;? Oya'wpf&yf&yft&aomf
vnf;aumif; ay;tyfvmonfhwm0efrsm;udk xrf;aqmifEdkif&ef EdkifiHawmf
or®wOD;aqmifonhf trsdK;om;umuG,fa&;ESihfvHkNcHKa&;aumifpD (National
Defence and Security Council) udk atmufyg yk*Kd¾ vr f sm;jzihzf UJG pnf;onf -
( 1 ) Edik if aH wmfor®w
( 2 ) 'kw, d or®w
( 3 ) 'kw, d or®w
( 4 ) jynfoUl vTwaf wmfOuú|
( 5 ) trsKd ;om;vTwaf wmfOuú|
( 6 ) wyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyf
( 7 ) 'kw, d wyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyf
(8) umuG,af &;0efBu;D Xme0efBu;D
( 9 ) Edik if jH cm;a&;0efBu;D Xme0efBu;D
(10) jynfxaJ &;0efBu;D Xme0efBu;D
(11) e,fpyfa&;&m0efBu;D Xme0efBu;D
3/ Edik if aH wmfor®wonf -
(u) jypf'Pfvw G Nf ird ;f cGifh (Pardon) ay;ydik cf iG &fh o
dS nf?
(c) trsdK;om;umuG,fa&;ESihfvHkNcHKa&;aumifpD\axmufcHcsufESihftnD
vGwNf ird ;f csr;f omcGihf (Amnesty) ay;ydik cf iG &fh o dS nf/
154
4/ Edik if aH wmfor®wonf Oya'ESit fh nD -
(u) *kPfxl;aqmifbGJUrsm;? *kPfxl;aqmifwHqdyfrsm; csD;jr§ihftyfESif;jcif;
jyKEikd o
f nf?
(c) cs;D jri§ t fh yfEiS ;f xm;onhf *kPx f ;l aqmifbUJG rsm;? *kPx f ;l aqmifwq H yd rf sm;udk
jyefvnf ½kyo f rd ;f jcif;jyKEikd o f nf/
5/ Edik if aH wmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmf\ oabmwlncD sujf zihf Edik if jH cm;
wdik ;f jynfrsm;ESifh oHwrefqufo, G jf cif;? oHwreftquftoG,f jzwfawmufjcif;
jyKEikd o f nf/ odUk &mwGif csucf si;f ta&;,laqmif&u G &f ef vdt k yfonfh tajctaersKd ;ü
Edik if aH wmfor®wonf trsK;d om;umuG,af &;ESifh vHNk cKH a&;aumifpED iS fh n§Ed iId ;f vsuf
EdkifiHjcm;wdkif;jynfwpfckckESihf oHwreftquftoG,f jzwfawmufEdkifonf/
Edik if aH wmfor®wonf rdr\ d ta&;,laqmif&u G cf suu f kd jynfaxmifpv k w
T af wmfoUkd
wifjytwnfjyKcsuf &,l&rnf/
(u) rdrEd ikd if \ H oHwrefrsm;udk cefUtyfjcif;? jyefvnfac:,ljcif; jyKEikd o f nf?
(c) Edik if jH cm; oHwrefrsm;tm; cefUtyf&ef oabmwlncD suaf y;jcif;? Edik if jH cm;
oHwrefrsm;tm; jyefvnfac:,l&ef taMumif;Mum;jcif; jyKEikd o f nf?
(*) Edik if jH cm;oHwrefrsm;\ cefUtyfvmT rsm;udk vufcjH cif;jyKonf/
7/ Edik if aH wmfor®wonf Oya'ESit fh nD 0efxrf;tzGUJ tpnf; tBu;D tuJrsm;udk
cefUtyfjcif;? xkwyf ,fjcif;jyKEikd o f nf/
(u) jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmf\ twnfjyKcsujf ziho f m tjynfjynfqikd &f m? a'o
qdkif&m odkUr[kwf EdkifiHtcsif;csif; pmcsKyfrsm;csKyfqdkjcif;? twnfjyK
aqmif&u G jf cif;? y,fzsujf cif;? pmcsKyrf sm;rS Ekwx f uG jf cif; jyK&rnf?
155
(c) jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf\ twnfjyKcsu&f ,l&ef rvdt k yfaom tjynfjynf
qdik &f m? a'oqdik &f m odrYk [kwf Edik if t H csi;f csi;f pmcsKyrf sm;csKyq f jkd cif;?
twnfjyK aqmif&Gufjcif;? y,fzsufjcif;? pmcsKyfrsm;rSEkwfxGufjcif;
jyKEikd o
f nf/
9/ Edik if aH wmfor®wonf Edik if aH wmf\ rl0g'rsm;ESifh Edik if aH wmf\ tajctaet&yf&yf
wdu Yk kd jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmftpnf;ta0;wGijf zpfap? jynfoUl vTwaf wmf odUk r[kwf
trsK;d om;vTwaf wmf tpnf;ta0;wGijf zpfap? Edik if w H pf0ef;vH;k odjYk zpfap tcgtm;
avsmpf mG rdeUf cGe;f ajymMum;cGi?fh o0PfvmT ay;ydcYk iG &fh o dS nf/
10/ Edik if aH wmfor®wonf vdt k yfvQif jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmf ta&;ay:tpnf;ta0;
udjk zpfap? txl;tpnf;ta0;udjk zpfap ac:,lusi;f yay;&ef jynfaxmifpk vTwaf wmf
em,utm; taMumif;Mum;Edik o f nf/
11/ (u) Edik if aH wmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf tpnf;ta0;wpfcEk iS fh wpfck
tMum; Edik if aH wmf\ b@maiGt& toH;k qdik &f m udp&ö yfrsm;rSty csucf si;f
ta&;,l aqmif&u G &f efvtkd yfaom tkycf sKyaf &;qdik &f mudp&ö yfrsm;twGuf
Oya'uJo h Ykd tmPmwnfaom trdeYf (Ordinance) udk xkwjf yefciG &fh o dS nf?
(c) Edik if aH wmfor®wonf yk'rf cGJ (u) t& xkwjf yefco hJ nhf Oya'uJo h Ykd
tmPmwnfaomtrdeUf udk ½kyo f rd ;f xm;jcif;r&Sv d Qif ,if;trdeYf xkwjf yef
onfh aeU&ufrS&ufaygif; (60) twGif; usif;yaomteD;uyfqHk;
jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmftpnf;ta0;odkY wifjyí twnfjyKcsuf&,l
&rnf/ &ufaygif; (60) twGi;f jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmf tpnf;ta0;
usi;f y&efr&Sv d Qif jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmf txl;tpnf;ta0;udk ac:,l
usi;f yapí twnfjyKcsu&f ,l&rnf?
(*) jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmf\ twnfjyKcsurf &&Sv d Qif Oya'uJo h Ukd tmPm
wnfaomtrdefUonf twnfrjyKonfhaeUrSpí tmPmwnfjcif;rS
&yfp&J rnf?
156
(C) Edik if aH wmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf\oabmwlncD sujf zihf
xdOk ya'uJo h tYkd mPmwnfaomtrdeu Yf kd vdt k yfaomumvtydik ;f tjcm;
txd qufvuftwnf jzpfapEdik o f nf?
(i) Oya'uJo h Ykd tmPmwnfaom trdex Yf w k jf yef aMunmonhaf eYrpS í
&ufaygif; (60) twGi;f ½kyo f rd ;f Ny;D jzpfapumrl xkOd ya'uJo h Ukd tmPm
wnfaomtrdeUf udk teD;uyfq;kH usi;f yrnfh jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf tpnf;
ta0;odYk wifjy&rnf?
(p) Oya'uJo h t Ykd mPmwnfaomtrdeUf wGif þtajccHOya't& jynfaxmifpk
vTwfawmf uqHk;jzwfydkifcGihfr&Sdaomjy|mef;csufyg&SdvQif ,if;jy|mef;
csuo f nf ysujf y,f&rnf/
12/ Edik if aH wmfor®wonf -
(u) Edik if aH wmftm; usL;ausmw f u kd cf u kd jf cif;cH&vQif zGUJ pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'ESifh
tnD zGJUpnf;xm;aom trsdK;om;umuG,fa&;ESihf vHkNcHKa&;aumifpD
ESin fh Ed§ idI ;f vsuf ppfa&;t& vdt k yfovdk aqmif&u G yf ikd cf iG &fh o
dS nf?
(c) rdr\ d aqmif&u G cf suuf kd jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmf tpnf;ta0;usi;f y
aecsed jf zpfvQif ,if;tpnf;ta0;odw Yk ifjyí twnfjyKcsu&f ,l&rnf/
jynf a xmif p k v T w f a wmf tpnf ; ta0;usif ; yaecsd e f r [k w f v Qif
jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfta&;ay: tpnf;ta0;ac:,lapí wifjy
twnfjyKcsu&f ,l&rnf?
(*) jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf\ oabmwlncD sujf zifo h m ppfaMunmEdik o f nf?
ppfajyNird ;f Edik o f nf/
13/ Edik if aH wmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfu twnfjyKjy|mef;onfOh ya'rsm;udk
zGUJ pnf;yHk tajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;ESit fh nD ta&;,laqmif&u G Nf y;D vufrwS f
a&;xd;k &rnf/ ,if;odYk vufrw S af &;xd;k Ny;D aomOya'rsm;udk Edik if aH wmfjyefwrf;wGif
xkwjf yefaMunm&rnf/
157
14/ Edik if aH wmfor®wonf þzGUJ pnf;yHt k ajccHOya't&aomfvnf;aumif;? Oya'
wpf&yf&yf t&aomfvnf;aumif;rdrt d m; tyfEiS ;f xm;onfw h m0efEiS fh vkyyf ikd cf iG fh
rsm;udk usio hf ;kH aqmif&u
G &f mwGif odw Yk nf;r[kwf usio hf ;kH aqmif&u G o
f nhf taejzifh
jyKcahJ om jyKvyk rf t I wGuf rnfonfv h w T af wmf? rnfonfw h &m;½H;k wGirf Q ajz&Si;f &ef
wm0efr&Sad p&/ od&Yk mwGif þuJo h Ykd wm0efr&Sad pjcif;onf Edik if aH wmf or®wtm;
zGUJ pnf;yHtk ajccHOya'yg pGypf jJG ypfwifjcif;ESifh pyfvsO;f onfh jy|mef;csurf sm;ESifh
oufqikd jf cif; r&Sad p&/
158
jynfaxmifpt k pk;d &\tkycf sKyrf t I cGit fh mPm
1/ zJUG pnf;ykt
H ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;ESihf rqefUusiv f Qif jynfaxmifp\ k tkycf sKyrf I
tmPmonf jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfu Oya'jyKEkdifaom tkyfcsKyfrIqkdif&m
udp&ö yfrsm;okUd vnf; oufa&mufysUH ESUH onf/
2/ zJUG pnf;yktH ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;ESihf rqefUusiaf pbJ jynfaxmifp\ k tkycf sKyf
rItmPmonf Ekid if aH wmfor®wü wnf&o dS nf/ þpum;&yfaMumifh jynfaxmifpk
vTwaf wmfonf tmPmykid t f zJUG tpnf; wpf&yf&yftm;vnf;aumif;? tmPmykid f
yk*Kd¾vwf pfO;D OD;tm;vnf;aumif; wm0efEiS v hf yk yf idk cf iG rhf sm;ay;tyfjcif; rjyKEid k [f rk rSwf
,l&/ xkjYd yif ,if;pum;&yfaMumifh wnfqOJ ya'rsm;t& oufqidk &f m tmPmykid f
tzJUG tpnf; wpf&yf&yftm;jzpfap? oufqikd &f mtmPmydik f yk*Kd¾vf wpfO;D OD;tm;jzpfap
tyfEiS ;f xm;onfh wm0efEiS v hf yk yf idk cf iG rhf sm;ukd Edik if aH wmfor®wtm; vTaJ jymif;ay;tyf
onf[v k nf; rrSw, f &l /
3/ (u) jynfaxmifpt k pk;d &\ tkycf sKyaf &;qkid &f m ta&;,laqmif&u G cf sut f m;vk;H
ukd Edik if aH wmfor®w\ trnfjzifh ta&;,laqmif&u G o
f nf[k azmfjy&rnf?
(c) Ekid if aH wmfor®w\trnfjzifh xkwjf yefaom trdeUf rsm;ESihf csKyq f adk om
pmcsKypf mwrf;rsm;ukd Ekid if aH wmfor®wujy|mef;onfeh nf;Oya'rsm;wGif
azmfjyxm;aom enf;vrf;rsm;ESifhtnD jzpfap&rnf/ xkdYjyif xkdokdY
aqmif&u G xf m;onft h rdeYf okUd r[kwf pmcsKypf mwrf;rsm;onf Edik if aH wmf
or®w\trdeYf odrYk [kwf pmcsKyf pmwrf; r[kwaf omaMumifh rckid v f [
Hk k
jiif;qkyd idk cf iG hf r&Sad p&?
(*) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf rdr\ d oabmtwkid ;f aqmif&u G &f ef þzJUG pnf;ykH
tajccH Oya'u jy|mef;xm;onfu h pd &ö yfrsm;rSty jynfaxmifpt k pk;d &u
aqmif&u G cf iG &hf adS om udp&ö yfrsm;twGuv f nf;aumif;? tqkyd gudp&ö yfrsm;
ukd jynfaxmifpk tpk;d &0efBu;D rsm;tm; cJaG 0tyfEiS ;f &ef vnf;aumif;?
159
Oya'wpf&yf&yft& aqmif&u G &f ef wm0ef&adS om yk*Kd¾ vt f m; cJaG 0tyfEiS ;f
&efvnf;aumif; vkt d yfonhf enf;Oya'rsm;jy|mef;cGi&hf o dS nf?
(C) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf txufygjy|mef;csurf sm;\ a,bk,soabmukd
rxdcdkufapbJ rdrd\wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;ukde,fajra'otvkdufjzpfap?
tpk;d &Xmeqkid &f mvkyif ef;tvku d jf zpfap cJaG 0tyfEiS ;f Ekid o f nf/
4/ jynfaxmifpt k pk;d &onf Ekid if aH wmfwnfNird af &;? &yf&mG at;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf
w&m;Oya'pk;d rk;d a&;ukd xde;f odr;f apmifah &Smufonf/
5/ jynfaxmifpktpkd;&onf zJGUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhtnD
jynfaxmifpt k pk;d &\rl0g'rsm;ukcd srw S &f rnf/ ,if;rl0g'rsm;ESit hf nD vkt d yfaom
pDru H ed ;f rsm;ukd a&;qJí G jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf\oabmwlncD sujf zifh taumif
txnfazmf aqmif&u G &f rnf/
6/ jynfaxmifpt k pk;d &onf b@ma&;aumfr&SiEf iS hf ndE§ idI ;f &&So d nfh jynfaxmifp\ k
ESppf Of t&tok;H cefrY eS ;f ajc aiGpm&if;tay: tajcjyKvsuf jynfaxmifp\ k b@maiG
t&tok;H qkid &f mOya'Murf;ukad &;qJí G zJUG pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csuf
rsm;ESit hf nD jynfaxmifpk vTwaf wmfow Ydk ifoiG ;f twnfjyKcsuf &,l&rnf/
7/ jynfaxmifpt k pk;d &onf rdrw d ifoiG ;f onfh jynfaxmifp\ k b@maiGt& tok;H
qkdif&m Oya'Murf;ukd b@ma&;ESpfrukefqkH;rD jynfaxmifpk vTwfawmfu
jy|mef;jcif; rjyKEidk v f Qif jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfu aemufq;Hk jy|mef;xm;onfh
jynfaxmifp\ k b@maiGt& tok;H qkid &f mOya'yg omreftok;H p&dwf cGijhf yKcsuf
abmiftwGi;f ok;H pJcG iG &hf o dS nf/
8/ jynfaxmifpktpkd;&onf zJGUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhtnD
jynfaxmifpk vTwaf wmfu Oya'jyKEidk af om udp&ö yfrsm;ESiphf yfvsO;f í vkt d yfonfh
Oya'Murf;ukd jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfoUdk wifoiG ;f Ekid of nf/
9/ jynfaxmifpt k pk;d &tzJUG \ 0efBu;D Xmersm;onf ,if;wkUd \ vufatmuf&dS tpk;d &
Xme? tpk;d & tzJUG tpnf;rsm;u vkyif ef;wm0efrsm;ukd aqmif&u G Mf u&mwGif
160
zJUG pnf;ykt
H ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;ESit hf nDjzpfap&efvnf;aumif;? wnfqJ
Oya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;ESit hf nD jzpfap&efvnf;aumif; pDrcH efUcJjG cif;? vrf;nTejf cif;?
Bu;D Muyfjcif;? ppfaq;jcif; jyK&rnf/
10/ jynfaxmifpt k pk;d &onf wkid ;f a'oBu;D tpk;d &? jynfe,ftpk;d &ESihf uk, d yf idk t
f yk cf sKyf
cGi&hf pD&ifpOk ;D pD;tzJUG wkUd uvkyif ef;rsm;ukd taumiftxnfazmf aqmif&u G Mf u&mwGif
xda&mufatmifjrifr&I adS pa&;twGuf aygif;pyfnE§d iId ;f ay;onf/
11/ jynfaxmifpt k pk;d &onf zJUG pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'qkid &f m tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;ESihf e,ferd w d f
jyifqif owfrw S af &;qkid &f m tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;rSty
(u) wkid ;f a'oBu;D ESijhf ynfe,ftMum;? wkid ;f a'oBu;D tcsi;f csi;f ? jynfe,f
tcsi;f csi;f ? wkid ;f a'oBu;D okUd r[kwf jynfe,fEiS u hf , dk yf idk t
f yk cf sKycf iG &hf pD
&ifpt k Mum;? uk, d yf idk f tkycf sKycf iG &hf pD&ifpt
k csi;f csi;f jzpfymG ;onfh tkycf sKyrf I
qkid &f m tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;ESihf pyfvsO;f í aygif;pyfnE§d idI ;f ajz&Sif;ay;jcif;?
vkdtyfvQif tqkH;tjzwfay;jcif; jyKonf?
(c) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fEiS hf jynfaxmifpek ,fajrtMum;? ud, k yf ikd f
tkycf sKycf iG &hf pD&ifpEk iS hf jynfaxmifpek ,fajrtMum; jzpfymG ;onft h yk cf sKyaf &;
qdkif&m tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;íaygif;pyfnd§EdIif;ajz½Sif;ay;jcif;?
vdt k yfvQif tqk;H tjzwf ay;jcif;jyKonf/
12/ jynfaxmifpt k pk;d &onf Oya'ESit hf nD
(u) jynfaxmifpq k idk &f m0efxrf;tzJUG tpnf;rsm;ukd vkt d yfovkzd UGJ pnf;Ekid o f nf/
,if;okYd zJUG pnf;&mwGif vkyif ef;wm0efEiS v hf yk yf idk cf iG rhf sm;ukd owfrw S af y;
&rnf?
(c ) vkt d yfaom 0efxrf;rsm;ukd ceft Y yfEidk o
f nf/
161
13/ jynfaxmifpt k pk;d &onf
(u) jynfaxmifpv k w
T af wmfutcgtm;avsmpf mG csrwS o f nfh tkycf sKyaf &;qkid &f m
qk;H jzwfcsurf sm;ukd taumiftxnfazmf aqmif&u G &f rnf/ rdr\ d ta&;,l
aqmif&u G cf surf sm;ukd jynfaxmifpv
k w
T af wmfoYdk jyefvnf tpD&ifc&H rnf?
(c) Edik if aH wmf\ tajctaet&yf&yfEiS hf pyfvsO;f í jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfoYdk
tcg tm;avsmpf mG wifjy&rnf/
wkid ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,ftpk;d &\tkycf sKyrf t I cGit fh mPm

1/ zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;ESirhf qefu Y sivf Qif wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf
jynfe,ftpd;k &\ tkycf sKyrf t I mPmonf wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,f
vTwaf wmfu Oya'jyKEidk af om udp&ö yfrsm;okYd oufa&mufysUH ESUH onf/ xkjYd yif
jynfaxmifpOk ya'wpf&yf&yft& wkid ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,ftpk;d &tm;
aqmif&u G cf iG jhf yKonfh udp&ö yfrsm;okv
Yd nf; oufa&mufysUH ESUH onf/
2/ wkid ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,ftpk;d &onf jynfaxmifpt k pk;d &u Ekid if aH wmf
wnfNidrfa&;? &yf&Gmat;csrf;om,ma&;ESifh w&m;Oya'pkd;rkd;a&;wkdYukd
xde;f odr;f apmifah &Smuf&mwGif uln&D efwm0ef&o dS nf/
3/ wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,ftpk;d &onf jynfaxmifpt k pk;d &u csrw S x f m;
onfh rl0g'rsm;ESiahf omfvnf;aumif;? jynfaxmifpk Oya'rsm;ESiahf omfvnf;aumif;
rqefu Y siaf pbJ wkid ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,ftwGi;f taumiftxnfazmf
aqmif&Gufrnfh vkyfief;rsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;onfh pDrHudef;rsm;ukd oufqkdif&m
wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf\ oabmwlncD sujf zifh taumif
txnfazmf aqmif&u G &f rnf/
4/ wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,ftpk;d &onf zJUG pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csuf
rsm;ESit hf nD jynfaxmifp\ k ESppf Of t&tok;H cefrY eS ;f ajc aiGpm&if;tay:
tajcjyKvsuf wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f\ b@maiG t&tok;H qkid &f m
162
Oya'Murf;ukd jy|mef;ay;Ekid af &;twGuf oufqidk &f m wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf
jynfe,fvw T af wmfoYdk wifoiG ;f &rnf/
5/ wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,ftpk;d &onf rdrw d ifoiG ;f onfh wkid ;f a'oBu;D
okrYd [kwf jynfe,f\ b@maiG t&tok;H qkid &f m Oya'Murf;ukd b@ma&;ESpf
rukeq f ;Hk rD oufqidk &f m wkid ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfu jy|mef;jcif;
rjyKEidk vf Qif wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfu aemufq;Hk jy|mef;xm;
onfh wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f\b@maiGt&tok;H qkid &f m Oya'yg
omreftok;H p&dwf cGijhf yKcsuf abmiftwGi;f ok;H pJcG iG &hf o dS nf/
6/ wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,ftpk;d &onf zJUG pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csuf
rsm;ESit hf nD wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fOya'jyKpm&if;yg udp&ö yfrsm;ESihf
pyfvsO;f í vkt d yfonfh Oya'Murf;ukd wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfoYdk
wifoiG ;f Ekid o f nf/
7/ wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,ftpk;d &onf -
(u) wkid ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D Xmersm;ESihf ,if;wk\ Yd vufatmuf
tpk;d &Xmersm;? tzJUG tpnf;rsm;\ vkyif ef;aqmif&u G rf rI sm;ukd zJUG pnf;ykH
tajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;ESit hf nDjzpfap&efvnf;aumif;? wnfqJ
Oya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;ESihf tnDjzpfap&efvnf;aumif; pDrcH efcY jGJ cif;?
vrf;ñTejf cif;? Bu;D Muyfjcif;? ppfaq;jcif; jyK&rnf?
(c) rdrd wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,ftwGi;f wm0efxrf;aqmifvsuf
½Sad om e,fbuf0efxrf;tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;\ vkyif ef;aqmif½u G rf rI sm;udk
vnf; Oya'ESit hf nD Bu;D Muyfjcif;? ppfaq;jcif;? aygif;pyfnEd§ idI ;f ay;jcif;
jyKEidk of nf/
163
8/ wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,ftpd;k &onf Edik if 0hH efxrf;qdik &f m jynfaxmifpk
Oya'ESit hf nDvnf;aumif;? jynfaxmifpt k pd;k &ESihf BuKd wifnEd§ iId ;f ívnf;aumif;
rdrw d m0ef,l taumiftxnfazmf&onfh vkyif ef;rsm;udk aqmif½u G Ef idk &f ef -
(u) wkid ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fqikd &f m e,fbuf0efxrf;tzGUJ tpnf;
rsm;udk vdtk yfovdk zGUJ pnf;Ekid o
f nf?
( c ) vdt k yfaom e,fbuf0efxrf;rsm;udk ceft Y yfEidk o f nf/
9/ wkid ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,ftpd;k &onf -
(u) oufqikd &f m wkid ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfu tcgtm;
avsmpf mG csrwS o
f nfh tkycf sKyaf &;qdik &f m qH;k jzwfcsurf sm;udk taumif
txnfazmf aqmif½Guf&rnf/ rdrd\ta&;,laqmif½Gufcsufrsm;udk
oufqikd &f m wkid ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfoYkd jyefvnf
tpD&ifc&H rnf?
(c) rdred ,fajra'o\ tajctaet&yf&yfEiS phf yfvsO;f onft h pD&ifcpH mudk
jynfaxmifpt k pd;k &ESihf oufqikd &f m wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,f
vTwaf wmfoYkd wifjy&rnf/
10/ wdik ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,ftpd;k &onf jynfaxmifpt k pd;k &u tcgtm;
avsmpf mG ay;tyfvmonfh vkyif ef;wm0efrsm;udk xrf;aqmif&rnf/
uk,d yf idk t
f yk cf sKycf iG &fh wkid ;f OD;pD;tzGYJ okrYd [kwf uk, d yf idk tf yk cf sKycf iG &fh a'oOD;pD; tzGUJ rsm;\
tkycf sKyrf tI cGit fh mPm
1/ zGUJ pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;ESirhf qefu Y siv f Qif ud, k yf ikd t
wdik ;f OD;pD;tzGUJ odrYk [kwf ud, k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKycf iG &hf a'oOD;pD;tzG\ YJ ud, k yf ikd t f yk cf sKyrf I
tmPmonf atmufygudp&ö yfrsm;odYk oufa&mufysUH ESo YH nf -
(u) ud, k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKycf iG &hf wdik ;f OD;pD;tzGUJ odrYk [kwf ud, k yf ikd f tkycf sKycf iG &hf a'oOD;pD;
tzGUJ u Oya'jyKciG &hf o dS nfu h pd &ö yfrsm;?
164
(c) jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmfu jy|mef;onfh Oya'wpf&yf&yft& ud, k yf ikd f
tkycf sKycf iG &hf wdik ;f OD;pD;tzGUJ odrYk [kwf ud, k yf ikd tf yk cf sKycf iG &hf a'oOD;pD;tzGUJ tm;
aqmif&u G f cGijhf yKonfh udp&ö yfrsm;?
(*) oufqikd &f mwdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfu jy|mef;onfh
Oya'wpf&yf&yft& ud, k yf ikd tf yk cf sKycf iG &hf wdik ;f OD;pD;tzGUJ odrYk [kwf ud, k yf ikd f
tkycf sKycf iG &hf a'oOD;pD;tzGUJ tm; aqmif&u G cf iG jhf yKonfh udp&ö yfrsm;/
2/ ud,
k yf ikd tf yk cf sKycf iG &hf wdik ;f OD;pD;tzGUJ odrYk [kwf ud, k yf ikd tf yk cf sKycf iG &hf a'oOD;pD;
tzGUJ onf jynfaxmifpt k pd;k &u Edik if aH wmfwnfNird af &;? &yf&mG at;csr;f om,m
a&;ESihf w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;udk xde;f odr;f apmihaf &Smuf&mwGif uln&D ef wm0ef&o dS nf/
3/ ud,
k yf ikd tf yk cf sKycf iG &hf wdik ;f OD;pD;tzGUJ odrYk [kwf ud, k yf ikd t f yk cf sKycf iG &hf a'oOD;pD;
tzGUJ onf -
(u) jynfaxmifpt k pd;k &\ rl0g'rsm;ESirhf qefu Y siv f Qif rdred ,fajra'otwGi;f
bufpzkH UHG NzKd ; wd;k wufa&;twGuf taumiftxnfazmf aqmif&u G Ef ikd &f ef
vkyif ef;tpDtpOfrsm;udk a&;qGv J suf oufqikd &f mwdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf
jynfe,ftpd;k &ESihf ñSEd iId ;f xm;&S&d rnf?
(c) ESppf Oft&toH;k cefrY eS ;f ajcaiGpm&if;udak &;qGv J suf zGUJ pnf;yHt k ajccH Oya'yg
jy|mef;csurf sm;ESit hf nD oufqikd &f mwdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,f
tpd;k &ESihf ñSEd idI ;f íoabmwlncD suf &,l&rnf?
(*) oufqikd &f mwdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,f\ b@maiG t&toH;k qdik &f m
Oya'yg rdrdESifhoufqdkifonfhcGifhjyKb@maiGudk owfrSwfxm;onfh
b@ma&;pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;rsm;ESit hf nD oH;k pGcJ iG &hf o dS nf?
(C) b@ma&;ESprf ukeq f ;kH rD oufqikd &f mwdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,f
vTwaf wmfu b@maiGt&toH;k qdik &f mOya'udk jy|mef;jcif;rjyKEikd o f jzifh
oufqdkif&m wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,ftpdk;&xHrSb@maiG
t&toH;k qdik &f m cGijhf yKcsuu f kd tcsed rf rD &&Syd gu wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf
165
jynfe,fvw T af wmfu aemufq;kH jy|mef;xm;onfh b@maiG t&toH;k
qdik &f mOya'yg cGijhf yKxm;onfh omreftoH;k p&dwf abmiftwGi;f oH;k pGcJ iG hf
&So
d nf/
4/ ud, k yf ikd t f yk cf sKycf iG &hf wdik ;f OD;pD;tzGUJ odrYk [kwf ud, k yf ikd t
tzGUJ onf rdred ,fajra'otwGi;f wm0efxrf;aqmifvsu&f adS om e,fbuf0efxrf;
tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;\ vkyif ef;aqmif&u G rf rI sm;udk Oya'ESit hf nD Bu;D Muyfjcif;? aygif;pyf
ñSEd iId ;f jcif; jyKEikd o f nf/
5/ ud,k yf ikd t f yk cf sKycf iG &hf wdik ;f OD;pD;tzGUJ odrYk [kwf ud, k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKycf iG &hf a'oOD;pD;tzGUJ onf
rdred ,fajra'o\ tajctaet&yf&yfEiS phf yfvsO;f onfh tpD&ifcpH mudk jynfaxmifpk
tpd;k &ESihf oufqikd &f m wkid ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,ftpd;k &xHoYkd wifjy&rnf/
6/ ud,k yf ikd t f yk cf sKycf iG &hf wdik ;f OD;pD;tzGUJ odrYk [kwf ud, k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKycf iG &hf a'oOD;pD;tzGUJ onf
jynfaxmifpt k pd;k &? wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,ftpd;k &u tcgtm;avsmpf mG
ay;tyfvmonfh vkyif ef;wm0efrsm;udk xrf;aqmif&rnf/
166
Ekid if 0hH efxrf;
1/ Edik if 0hH efxrf;rsm;onf ygwDEikd if aH &;ESihf uif;½Si;f &rnf/
2/ Edik if 0hH efxrf;rsm; cefx Y m;jcif;? &mxl;wd;k jri§ jhf cif;? tNird ;f pm;,ljcif;? pnf;urf;
xdef;odrf;jcif;? trIxrf;pnf;urf; owfrSwfjcif;ESifh ta&;,ljcif;rsm;udk
Oya'ESit hf nD aqmif½u G &f rnf/
3/ EkdifiHh0efxrf;rsm;\ vkyfief;cGif tmrcHcsuf&½dSa&;? pm;0wfaerIzlvkHa&;?
tdraf xmif½iS f trsK;d orD;0efxrf;rsm; rD;zGm;jcif;qdik &f m tusK;d cHpm;cGi&hf ½daS &;ESihf
tNird ;f pm;0efxrf;rsm; pm;0wfaerI oufomacsmifcsad &;twGuf vkt d yfonfh
Oya'rsm;udk jy|mef;&rnf/
4/ Edik if 0hH efxrf;jzpfonfh wyfrawmfom;rsm;\ vkyif ef;obm0onf xl;jcm;rI½o Sd nfh
tavsmuf wyfrawmfom; Edik if 0hH efxrf;rsm;twGuf wyfrawmfqidk &f m Oya'rsm;
ESit hf nD aqmif½u G &f rnf/
5/ EdkifiHh0efxrf;jzpfonfh jrefrmEdkifiH&JwyfzGJU0ifrsm;\ xl;jcm;onfh vkyfief;
obm0t& ,if;wdEYk iS yhf wfoufí oD;jcm;Oya'jy|mef; aqmif½u G &f rnf/
tcef; (6)
w&m;pD&ifa&;tcef;
Chapter (VI)
Judiciary
w&m;pD&ifa&;qkid &f m zGUJ pnf;rI
Formation of Judiciary
167
tcef; ( 6 )
w&m;pD&ifa&;

1/ Ekid if aH wmf\ w&m;pD&ifa&; tmPmcGaJ 0tyfEiS ;f jcif;ESihf pyfvsO;f Ny;D Ekid if aH wmf\
w&m;pD&ifa&;tmPmukd -
(u) jynfaxmifpw k &m;vTwaf wmfcsKyf (Supreme Court of the Union)? wkid ;f a'o
Bu;D w&m;vTwaf wmfrsm; (High Courts of the Regions)? jynfe,fw&m;
vTwfawmfrsm; (High Courts of the States)? ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&
wkid ;f w&m;½k;H rsm; (Courts of the Self-Administered Division)? uk, d yf idk f
tkycf sKycf iG &hf a'ow&m;½k;H rsm; (Courts of the Self-Administered Zones)?
c½kid w f &m;½kH;rsm; (District Courts)? NrKd Ue,fw&m;½k;H rsm; (Township Courts)?
Oya't&wnfaxmifaom tjcm;w&m;½k;H rsm;ESihf Oya'ESit fh nD cefxY m;
aom w&m;olBuD;rsm;tm; EkdifiHawmfzGJYpnf;ykHtajccHOya't&
vnf;aumif;? tjcm;Oya't&vnf;aumif;?
( c ) ppfbufqidk &f mw&m;½kH ;rsm; (Courts Martial) tm; Ekid if aH wmfzUJG pnf;ykt H ajccH
Oya't&vnf;aumif;? tjcm;Oya't&vnf;aumif;?
( * ) Ekid if aH wmf zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'qkid &f m ck½H Hk; (Constitutional Tribunal) tm;
Ekid if aH wmf zGUJ pnf;ykt
H ajccHOya't&vnf;aumif; cGaJ 0tyfEiS ;f onf/
jynfaxmifpw k &m;vTwaf wmfcsKyzf UJG pnf;jcif;
2/ jynfaxmifpw k &m;vTwaf wmfcsKyf zGUJ pnf;a&;ESiphf yfvsO;f Ny;D -
(u) Ekid if aH wmfwiG f jynfaxmifpw k &m;vTwaf wmfcsKyf ( Supreme Court of the
Union) wpf&yfxm;&So d nf/ Ekid if aH wmf zGUJ pnf;ykt
H ajccHOya'qkid &f m ck½H ;Hk
(Constitutional Tribunal) ESihf ppfbufqidk &f mw&m;½kH;rsm; (Courts Martial)
168
\ pD&ifykdifcGifhtmPmrsm;ukd rxdckdufapbJ jynfaxmifpkw&m;
vTwaf wmfcsKyo f nf Ekid if aH wmf\ tjrifq h ;Hk w&m;½k;H jzpfonf/
(c) (1) jynfaxmifpw k &m;vTwaf wmfcsKyf (Supreme Court of the Union)
\ tBu;D tuJudk jynfaxmifpw k &m;olBu;D csKyf (Chief Justice of
the Union) [k ac:&rnf?
(2) jynfaxmifpw k &m;vTwaf wmfcsKyw f iG f jynfaxmifpw k &m;olBu;D csKyf
tygt0if jynfaxmifpw k &m;vTwaf wmfcsKyf w&m;olBu;D rsm;
(Judges of the Supreme Court of the Union) OD;a& tenf;qk;H
7 OD;rS trsm;qk;H 11 OD; txd ceft Y yfEidk of nf/
(*) (1) EkdifiHawmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpkw&m;olBuD;csKyftjzpf
cefYtyfoifhaom yk*d¾Kvf\trnfpm&if;ukd jynfaxmifpk
vTwaf wmfoYdk wifoiG ;f oabmwlncD suf &,l&rnf?
(2) Ekdi fi Ha wmfz GJUpnf ; yk H t ajccH O ya'wG i f owf r S w f x m;aom
jynfaxmifpw k &m;olBu;D csKy\f t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESihf rjynfph Hk
aMumif; txift&Sm;rjyEkid yf gu jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfonf
Ekid if aH wmfor®wu jynfaxmifpk w&m;olBu;D csKyt f jzpf ceftY yf&ef
trnfpm&if; wifoiG ;f oludk jiif;y,fciG rhf &Sad p&?
(3) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpw k &m;olBu;D csKytf jzpf ceft
Y yf
wm0efay;&ef jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf\ oabmwlnDcsuf
r&&Sdonfh yk*d¾Kvftpm; trnfpm&if;opfukd jynfaxmifpk
vTwaf wmfoYdk xyfrw H ifoiG ;f cGihf &Sod nf?
(4) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmf\ oabmwlncD suf
&&So d nfyh *k K¾d vt f m; jynfaxmifpw k &m;olBu;D csKyt f jzpf ceft
Y yf
&rnf/
169
(C) (1) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpw k &m;olBu;D csKyEf iS fh n§Ed iId ;f um
jynfaxmifpk w&m;vTwaf wmfcsKyf w&m;olBu;D rsm;tjzpf ceft Y yf
oifah omyk*K¾d vrf sm;\ trnfpm&if;ukd jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfoYdk
wifoiG ;f oabmwlncD suf &,l&rnf?
(2) EkdifiHawmf zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'wGif owfrSwfxm;aom
jynfaxmifpw k &m;vTwaf wmfcsKyf w&m;olBu;D rsm;\ t&nftcsi;f
rsm;ESihf rjynfph aHk Mumif; txift&Sm;rjyEkid yf gu jynfaxmifpk
vT w f a wmf o nf Ek d i f i H a wmf o r® w u jynf a xmif p k w &m;
vTwaf wmfcsKyf w&m;olBu;D rsm;tjzpf ceft Y yf&ef trnfpm&if;
wifoiG ;f olrsm;ukd jiif;y,fciG rfh &Sad p&?
(3) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpw k &m;vTwaf wmfcsKyf w&m;
olBuD;tjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;&ef jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf\
oabmwlncD suf r&&So d nfh yk*K¾d vt f pm; trnfpm&if;opfudk
jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfoYdk xyfrwH ifoiG ;f cGi&hf odS nf?
(4) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf\ oabmwlncD suf
&&Sdonfh yk*d¾Kvfrsm;tm; jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyf
w&m;olBu;D rsm;tjzpf ceft Y yf&rnf/
jynfaxmifpw k &m;olBu;D csKyEf iS fh jynfaxmifpw k &m;vTwaf wmfcsKyf w&m;olBu;D rsm;\
t&nftcsi;f rsm;
3/ jynfaxmifpw k &m;olBu;D csKyEf iS fh jynfaxmifpw k &m;vTwaf wmfcsKyf w&m;olBu;D
rsm;\ t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESihf pyfvsO;f Ny;D jynfaxmifpw k &m;olBu;D csKyEf iS hf jynfaxmifpk
w&m;vTwfawmfcsKyf w&m;olBuD;rsm;onf atmufygt&nftcsif;rsm;ESifh
jynfph &Hk rnf -
(u) touf 50ESpx f ufri,f? touf 70 ESpx f ufrBu;D ol?
170
(c) toufuefo Y wfcsurf t S y jynfov Yl wT af wmf uk, d pf m;vS,rf sm;twGuf
owfrw S x
f m;aom t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESijhf ynfph o Hk ?l
( * ) (1) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D
tjzpf tenf;qk;H ig;ESpf aqmif&u G cf o
hJ l okrYd [kwf
(2) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,ftqifx h ufredrahf om w&m;a&;
0efxrf; okrYd [kwf Oya'0efxrf;&mxl;wGif tenf;qk;H 10 ESpf
wm0efxrf;aqmifco hJ l okrYd [kwf
(3) w&m;vTwaf wmfa&SUae (Advocate)tjzpf tenf;qk;H 20 ESpf
trIvu dk yf g aqmif&u G cf ohJ l okrYd [kwf
(4) xifay:ausmMf um;onfh *kPo f wif;&Sad om Oya'ynm&Sit f jzpf
Ekid if aH wmfor®wu ,lqol?
(C) Ekid if aH wmfEiS Ehf idk if o H m;rsm;tay: opöm&So d ?l
( i ) Ekid if aH &;ygwD0ifr[kwo f ?l
( p ) vTwaf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf [kwo f /l
jynfaxmifpw k &m;olBu;D csKyEf iS hf jynfaxmifpw k &m;vTwaf wmfcsKyf w&m;olBu;D rsm;tm;
pGypf jGJ ypfwifjcif;
4/ Ekid if aH wmfor®wtm; vkyyf idk cf iG rhf sm; tyfEiS ;f jcif;ESihf pyfvsO;f Ny;D -
(u) Ekid if aH wmf or®wonf jynfaxmifpw k &m;olBu;D csKyf okrYd [kwf jynfaxmifpk
w&m;vTwfawmfcsKyf w&m;olBuD;wpfOD;OD;tm; atmufygtaMumif;
wpf&yf&yfjzifh pGypf jGJ ypfwifEidk o f nf -
usL;vGejf cif;?
171
(4) zGYJpnf;ykHtajccHOya'wGif jy|mef;xm;aom jynfaxmifpk
w&m;olBuD;csKyf odkYr[kwf jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyf
w&m;olBu;D \ t&nftcsi;f ysu, f iG ;f jcif;?
(c) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpw k &m;olBu;D csKyf okrYd [kwf jynfaxmifpk
w&m;vTwfawmfcsKyf w&m;olBuD;wpfOD;OD;tm; pGyfpGJjypfwifvkdygu
rdr\ d pGypf cJG suu f kd jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfem,uxH wifjy&rnf?
(*) jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfem,uonf pkpH rf;ppfaq;a&;tzGUJ udk zGUJ pnf;í
Oya'ESit hf nD pkpH rf;ppfaq;ap&rnf?
(C) pkpH rf;ppfaq;a&;tzGUJ ukzd UJG pnf;&mwGif jynfov Yl wT af wmfEiS hf trsKd ;om;
vTwaf wmf uk, d pf m;vS,Of ;D a& wlnpD mG yg0ifapNy;D ,if;tzGUJ 0ifrsm;xJrS
oifah vsmo f l wpfO;D OD;ukd pkpH rf;ppfaq;a&;tzGUJ Ouú|tjzpf wm0efay;&rnf?
(i) pkpH rf;ppfaq;&rnfh vkyif ef;yrmPukd axmuf½í I pkpH rf;ppfaq;rI Ny;D pD;&rnfh
tcsed u f mvukv d nf; owfrw S af y;&rnf?
(p) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf rdr\ d pGypf cJG suEf iS phf yfvsO;f í rdru d ,dk w
f ikd af omf
vnf;aumif;? uk, d pf m;vS,af pvTwí f aomfvnf;aumif; pkpH rf;ppfaq;a&;
tzGUJ a&SUarSmufwiG f &Si;f vif;wifjyEkid o f nf/ oufqidk &f m taxmuftxm;
rsm;ESihf oufaorsm;ukv d nf; wifjyEkid cf iG &hf o dS nf?
(q) pGypf cJG suu f dk pkpH rf;aq;onft h cg pGypf jJG ypfwifjcif;cH&oltm; uk, d w f idk f
aomfvnf;aumif;? uk, d pf m;vS,jf zifah omfvnf;aumif; acsycGiahf y;&rnf?
(Z) pGypf jJG ypfwifrEI iS phf yfvsO;f í pkpH rf;ppfaq;a&;tzGUJ u pkpH rf;awG&Y cdS suu f kd
wifjyvmonft h cg jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfem,uonf jynfaxmifpk
vTwaf wmfoYdk wifjy&rnf?
(ps) jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf uk, d pf m;vS,pf pk ak ygif;OD;a&\ ok;H ykEH pS yf u Hk pGypf JG
jypfwifro I nf rSeu f efí pGypf cJG &H olonf jynfaxmifpw k &m;olBu;D csKyf
172
okYdr[kwf jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyf w&m;olBuD;&mxl;wGif
qufvufxrf;&Gufap&ef roifhaMumif; qkH;jzwfvQif jynfaxmifpk
vTwaf wmfem,uonf xkq d ;Hk jzwfcsuu f dk Ekid if aH wmfor®wxH wifjy
tpD&ifc&H rnf?
(n) ,if;okw Yd ifjytpD&ifco H nft h cg Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf pGypf jJG ypfwifjcif;
cH&onfh jynfaxmifpw k &m;olBu;D csKyf okrYd [kwf jynfaxmifpw k &m;
vTwaf wmfcsKyf w&m;olBu;D ukd &mxl;rS&yfp&J rnf?
( # ) pGypf jJGypfwifro I nf rrSeu f efaMumif; jynfaxmifpv k w
T af wmfu qk;H jzwfvQif
xko d q Ykd ;Hk jzwfaMumif;ukd jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmfem,uonf Ekid if aH wmf
or®wxH wifjytpD&ifc&H rnf/
5/ jynfaxmifpkw&m;olBuD;csKyf odkYr[kwf jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyf
w&m;olBu;D wpfO;D OD;tm; pGypf jJG ypfwifjcif;ESiphf yfvsO;f Ny;D -
(u) jynfaxmifpk w&m;olBu;D csKyf okrYd [kwf jynfaxmifpk w&m;vTwaf wmfcsKyf
w&m;olBu;D wpfO;D OD;tm; atmufygtaMumif;wpf&yf&yfjzifh pGypf jJG ypfwif
Ekid of nf -
usL;vGejf cif;?
(4) zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'wGif jy|mef;xm;aom jynfaxmifpk
w&m;olBuD;csKyf okdYr[kwf jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyf
w&m;olBu;D \ t&nftcsi;f ysu, f iG ;f jcif;?
( c ) jynfaxmifpk w&m;olBu;D csKyf okrYd [kwf jynfaxmifpw k &m;vTwaf wmfcsKyf
w&m;olBu;D wpfO;D OD;tay: pGypf jJGypfwifvydk gu Ekid if aH wmfor®w okrYd [kwf
173
'kw, d or®wukd pGypf jJG ypfwifjcif;ESiphf yfvsO;f í zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'yg
jy|mef;csurf sm;ESit hf nD aqmif&uG &f rnf?
( * ) okdY&mwGif jynfaxmifpkw&m;olBuD;csKyf okdYr[kwf jynfaxmifpk
w&m;vTwaf wmfcsKyf w&m;olBu;D wpfO;D OD;tay: pGypf jJG ypfwifro I nf
rSefuefí pGyfpGJcH&olonf jynfaxmifpkw&m;olBuD;csKyf okdYr[kwf
jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyf w&m;olBuD;&mxl;wGif qufvuf
xrf;&Guaf p&ef roifah Mumif; pkpH rf;ppfaq;onfh vTwaf wmfu qk;H jzwf
wifjyvQif Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf pGypf jJG ypfwifjcif;cH&onfh jynfaxmifpk
w&m;olBu;D csKyf okrYd [kwf jynfaxmifpw k &m;vTwaf wmfcsKyf w&m;olBu;D
tm; &mxl;rS&yfp&J rnf?
(C) pGypf jJG ypfwifro I nf rrSeuf efaMumif; pkpH rf;ppfaq;onfh vTwaf wmfu
qkH;jzwfygu xkdokdYqkH;jzwfaMumif; oufqkdif&mvTwfawmfOuú|onf
jynfaxmifpwk &m;olBu;D csKyEf iS fh jynfaxmifpw k &m;vTwaf wmfcsKyf w&m;olBu;D rsm;\
&mxl;oufwrf;
6/ jynfaxmifpk w&m;olBu;D csKyEf iS fh jynfaxmifpw k &m;vTwaf wmfcsKyf w&m;olBu;D
rsm;\ &mxl;oufwrf;ESiphf yfvsO;f Ny;D jynfaxmifpw k &m;olBu;D csKyEf iS f h jynfaxmifpk
w&m;vTwfawmfcsKyf w&m;olBuD;rsm;onf atmufygtaMumif;wpf&yf&yf
ray:aygufvQif touf 70 ESpf jynfo h nftxd wm0efxrf;aqmifciG &hf o dS nf -
(u) rdro d abmtavsmuf &mxl;rS Ekwx f uG jf cif;?
( c ) zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;ESit fh nD pGypf jJG ypfwifjcif;cH&í
&mxl;rS &yfpcJ &H jcif;?
( * ) Oya't&owfrw S af om aq;tzGUJ \ ppfaq;csut f & ud, k pf w
d Ef pS yf g;
teuf wpfyg;yg;onf xm0pOfcsdKU,Gif;oGm;jcif;aMumifh wm0efukd
qufvufxrf;aqmifEidk pf rG ;f r&Sad Mumif; awG&Y &dS jcif;?
(C) uG,v f eG jf cif;/
174
7/ jynfaxmifpkw&m;olBuD;csKyf okdYr[kwf jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyf
w&m;olBu;D rsm;onf ygwDEidk if aH &;uif;&Si;f a&;? Ekid if 0hH efxrf;tjzpfrS tNird ;f pm;
,la&;wkEYd iS fh pyfvsO;f Ny;D -
(u) jynfaxmifpk w&m;olBu;D csKyf okrYd [kwf jynfaxmifpw k &m;vTwaf wmfcsKyf
w&m;olBu;D rsm;onf ygwDEidk if aH &;ESihf uif;&Si;f &rnf?
( c ) jynfaxmifpw k &m;olBu;D csKyf okrYd [kwf jynfaxmifpw k &m;vTwaf wmfcsKyf
w&m;olBu;D rsm;onf Ekid if 0hH efxrf;jzpfvQif jynfaxmifpw k &m;olBu;D csKyf
okrYd [kwf jynfaxmifpw k &m;vTwaf wmfcsKyf w&m;olBu;D tjzpf ceft Y yf
wm0efay;jcif;cH&onfah eYrpS í wnfq0J efxrf;pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;rsm;
ESit hf nD tNird ;f pm;,lNy;D jzpfonf[k rSw, f &l rnf/
8/ jynfaxmifpw k &m;olBu;D csKyEf iS hf jynfaxmifpw k &m;vTwaf wmfcsKyf w&m;olBu;D
rsm;\ wm0efrsm;? vkyyf idk cf iG rhf sm;? &ykid cf iG rhf sm;ESihf pyfvsO;f Ny;D jynfaxmifpk
w&m;olBu;D csKyEf iS hf jynfaxmifpw k &m;vTwaf wmfcsKyf w&m;olBu;D rsm;\ wm0efrsm;?
vkyyf idk cf iG rhf sm;? &ykid cf iG hf rsm;udk Oya'jy|mef;í owfrw S &f rnf/
9/ jynfaxmifpkw&m;olBuD;csKyf odkYr[kwf jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyf
w&m;olBu;D rsm;\ tqifEh iS hf pyfvsO;f Ny;D jynfaxmifpw k &m;olBu;D csKyf odrYk [kwf
jynfaxmifpw k &m;vTwaf wmfcsKyf w&m;olBu;D rsm;\ wm0efrsm;? vkyyf idk cf iG rhf sm;ESihf
&ykid cf iG rhf sm;udk Oya'jzihf jy|mef;onft h cg rSjD irf;jyKEidk af &;twGuf jynfaxmifpk
w&m;olBuD;csKyfukd 'kwd,or®wtqifh owfrSwfonf? jynfaxmifpkw&m;
vGwT af wmfcsKyf w&m;olBu;D ukd jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D tqifh owfrw S o
f nf/
wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmfrsm; zJUG pnf;jcif;
10/ wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmfrsm; zJUG pnf;a&;ESihf pyfvsO;f Ny;D -
(u) wkid ;f a'oBu;D wkid ;f wGif wkid ;f a'oBu;D w&m;vTwaf wmf (High Court of
the Region) wpf&yfpv D nf;aumif;? jynfe,fwidk ;f wGif jynfe,fw&m;
vTwaf wmf (High Court of the State) wpf&yfpv D nf;aumif; xm;&So d nf?
175
(c) (1) wkid ;f a'oBu;D w&m;vTwaf wmf okrYd [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf
tBu;D tuJudk wkid ;f a'oBu;D w&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D csKyf
(Chief Justice of the High Court of the Region) okrY d [kwf jynfe,f
w&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D csKyf (Chief Justice of the High Court
of the State) [kac:&rnf?
(2) wkid ;f a'oBu;D w&m;vTwaf wmf okrYd [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf
wGif wdik ;f a'oBu;D w&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D csKyf okrYd [kwf
jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D csKyf tygt0if wkid ;f a'oBu;D
w&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D rsm; ( Judges of the High Court of
the Region) okr Yd [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D rsm;
(Judges of the High Court of the State) OD;a& tenf;qk;H 3 OD;rS
trsm;qk;H 7 OD; txd ceft Y yfEidk o
f nf?
(*) (1) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpw k &m;olBu;D csKy?f oufqidk &f m
wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyfwkdYESifh n§dEdIif;NyD;
oufqidk &f m wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf
w&m;olBuD;csKyftjzpf cefYtyf&ef trnfpm&if;ukdjyKpkí
,if;trnfpm&if;ukv d nf;aumif;? oufqidk &f m wkid ;f a'oBu;D
okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyo f nf jynfaxmifpw k &m;olBu;D csKyEf iS hf
n§Ed iId ;f Ny;D oufqidk &f mwkid ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fw&m;
vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D rsm;tjzpf ceft Y yf&ef trnfpm&if;ukjd yKpí k
,if;trnfpm&if;rsm;ukv d nf;aumif; oufqidk &f m wkid ;f a'oBu;D
okrYd [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfoYkd ay;yk&Yd rnf?
(2) EkdifiHawmfzGJUpnf;ykH tajccHOya'wGif owfrSwfxm;aom
wkid ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D
csKyfESifh wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf
176
w&m;olBu;D \ t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESihf rjynhpf aHk Mumif; txift&Sm;
rjyEkdifygu oufqkdif&m wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f
vTwaf wmfonf Ekid if aH wmfor®wu jynfaxmifpw k &m;olBu;D csKy?f
oufqidk &f m wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyw f EYdk iS hf
n§Ed iId ;f Ny;D oufqidk &f m wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fw&m;
vTwfawmf w&m;olBuD;csKyftjzpf cefYtyf&efvnf;aumif;?
oufqkdif&m wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyfu
jynfaxmifpw k &m;olBu;D csKyEf iS hf n§Ed iId ;f Ny;D wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf
jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf w&m;olBuD;rsm;tjzpf cefYtyf&ef
vnf;aumif; trnfpm&if; ay;ydo Yk rl sm;ukd jiif;y,fciG fh r&Sad p&?
(3) tyk'd cf JG (2) t& jiif;y,fjcif;cH&aom yk*K¾dvrf sm;tpm; trnfpm&if;
opfudk owfrw S x
f m;onft h wkid ;f xyfrw H ifoiG ;f cGi&fh odS nf?
(4) EkdifiHawmfor®wonf oufqkdif&mwkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf
jynfe,fvTwfawmfu oabmwlnDolrsm;ukd oufqkdif&m
wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D csKyf
tjzpfvnf;aumif;? oufqidk &f m wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f
w&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D rsm;tjzpfvnf;aumif; ceft Y yf&rnf/
wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrY d [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D csKyrf sm;ESih f wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf
jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D rsm;\ t&nftcsi;f owfrw S jf cif;
11/ wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf w&m;olBuD;csKyfrsm;ESifh
wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D rsm;\ t&nftcsi;f
rsm;ESiphf yfvsO;f Ny;D wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D csKyf
rsm;ESihf wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmfw&m;olBu;D rsm;onf
atmufygt&nftcsi;f rsm;ESihf jynfph &Hk rnf -
(u) touf 45 ESpx f ufri,f? touf 65 ESpx f ufrBu;D ol?
177
(c) touf uefo Y wfcsurf t S y wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf
uk, d pf m;vS,rf sm;twGuf owfrw S x f m;aom t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESihf jynfph o Hk ?l
( * ) (1) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,ftqifx h uf redrahf om w&m;a&;
0efxrf; okrYd [kwf Oya'0efxrf;&mxl;wGif tenf;qk;H 5 ESpf wm0ef
xrf;aqmifco hJ l okrYd [kwf c½kid t f qifx h ufredrahf om w&m;a&;
0efxrf; odrYk [kwf Oya'0efxrf; &mxl;wGif tenf;qk;H 10 ESpf
wm0efxrf;aqmifco hJ l okrYd [kwf
(2) w&m;vTwaf wmfa&SUae (Advocate) tjzpf tenf;qk;H 15 ESpf
trIvu dk yf g aqmif&u G cf ohJ l okrYd [kwf
(3) xifay:ausmMf um;onfh *kPo f wif;&Sad om Oya'ynm&Sit f jzpf
Ekid if aH wmfor®wu ,lqol?
(C) Ekid if aH wmfEiS hf Ekid if o H m;rsm;tay: opöm&So d ?l
( i ) Ekid if aH &;ygwD0ifr[kwo f ?l
( p ) vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf [kwo f /l
wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D csKyEf iS hf wdik ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf
jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D rsm;tm; pGypf jGJ ypfwifjcif;
12/ Ekid if aH wmfor®wESihf wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyw f t Ydk m; vkyyf idk cf iG hf
rsm;tyfEiS ;f jcif;ESihf pyfvsO;f Ny;D -
(u) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf
w&m; olBu;D csKyu f vdk nf;aumif;? wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f
0efBu;D csKyo f nf oufqidk &f m wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fw&m;
vTwaf wmfw&m;olBu;D wpfO;D OD;tm;vnf;aumif; atmufyg taMumif;
wpf&yf&yfjzifh pGypf jJG ypfwifEidk o f nf -
178
usL;vGejf cif;?
(4) zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'wGif jy|mef;xm;aom wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf
jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D csKyf odrYk [kwf wkid ;f a'oBu;D
okrYd [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D \ t&nftcsi;f
ysu, f iG ;f jcif;?
(c) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf
w&m;olBuD;csKyfukdvnf;aumif;? wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f
0efBuD;csKyfonf oufqkdif&m wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f
w&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D wpfO;D OD;ukv d nf;aumif; pGypf jJGypfwifvydk gu
rdr\ d pGypf cJG suuf dk wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfOuú|xH
ay;yd&Yk rnf?
(*) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfOuú|onf pkpH rf;ppfaq;a&;
tzGUJ ukd zGUJ pnf;í Oya'ESit hf nD pkpH rf;ppfaq;ap&rnf?
(C) pkpH rf;ppfaq;a&;tzGUJ ukd wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf
uk, d pf m;vS,rf sm;jzihf zGUJ pnf;í ,if;tzGUJ 0ifrsm;xJrS oihaf vsmo f w
l pfO;D OD;ukd
pkpH rf;ppfaq;a&;tzGUJ Ouú|tjzpf wm0efay;&rnf?
(i) pkpH rf;ppfaq;&rnfh vkyif ef;yrmPudk axmuf½í I pkpH rf;ppfaq;rI Ny;D pD;&rnfh
tcsed u f mvudv k nf; owfrw S af y;&rnf?
(p) Ekid if aH wmfor®w okrYd [kwf oufqidk &f m wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f
0efBu;D csKyo f nf rdr\ d pGypf cJG suEf iS hf pyfvsO;f í rdrud ,dk w
f idk af omfvnf;aumif;?
ud, k pf m;vS,af pvTwí f aomfvnf;aumif; pkpH rf;ppfaq;a&;tzGUJ a&SUarSmuf
wGif &Sif;vif;wifjyEkdifonf/ oufqkdif&m taxmuftxm;rsm;ESifh
oufaorsm;ukv d nf; wifjyEkid cf iG &hf o dS nf?
179
(q) pGypf cJG suu f dk pkpH rf;ppfaq;onft h cg pGypf jJG ypfwifjcif;cH&oltm; uk, d w f idk f
aomfvnf;aumif;? uk, d pf m;vS,jf zifah omfvnf;aumif; acsycGiahf y;&rnf?
(Z) pGypf jJG ypfwifrEI iS hf pyfvsO;f í pkpH rf;ppfaq;a&;tzGUJ u pkpH rf;awGU&Scd suu f dk
wifjyonft h cg wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfOuú|onf
wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfoYdk wifjy&rnf?
(ps) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf uk,
d pf m;vS,f pkpak ygif;OD;a&\
ok;H ykEH pS yf uHk pGypf jJG ypfwifro I nf rSeu f efí pGypf cJG &H olonf wkid ;f a'oBu;D
okrYd [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D csKyf okrYd [kwf wkid ;f a'oBu;D
okrYd [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D &mxl;wGif qufvuf
xrf;&Guaf p&ef roifah Mumif; qk;H jzwfvQif wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f
vTwaf wmfOuú|onf wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf
w&m;olBuD;csKyftwGufjzpfygu EkdifiHawmfor®wxHokdYvnf;aumif;?
wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D twGuf
jzpfygu oufqidk &f m wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyx f oH Ykd
vnf;aumif; xkq d ;Hk jzwfcsuu f dk wifjy&rnf/ wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf
jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyo f nf azmfjyygwifjycsuu f dk &&So d nft h cg Ekid if aH wmf
or®wxH qufvufwifjy&rnf?
(n) ,if;okw Yd ifjycsurf sm; &&So d nfth cg Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf pGypf jJG ypfwifjcif;
cH&onfh wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D csKyf
okrYd [kwf wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D udk
&mxl;rS&yfp&J rnf?
(# ) pGypf jJG ypfwifro I nf rrSeu f efaMumif; wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f
vTwaf wmfu qk;H jzwfvQif xko d q Ydk ;Hk jzwfaMumif;ukd wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf
jynfe,fvw T af wmfOuú|onf wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fw&m;
vTwfawmf w&m;olBuD;csKyftwGuf jzpfygu EkdifiHawmfor®wxHokdY
vnf;aumif;? wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf
180
w&m;olBu;D twGujf zpfygu oufqidk &f m wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f
0efBu;D csKyx f o H v Ydk nf;aumif; wifjy&rnf/
13/ wkid ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D csKyEf iS hf wdik ;f a'oBu;D
odrYk [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D wpfO;D OD;ukd pGypf jGJ ypfwifjcif;
ESiphf yfvsO;f Ny;D -
(u) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D csKyu f kd
vnf;aumif;? wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf
w&m;olBu;D udv k nf;aumif; atmufygtaMumif;wpf&yf&yfjzifh pGypf JG
(1) Ekid if aH wmf\ aus;Zl;opömawmfukd azmufzsujf cif;?
usL;vGejf cif;?
(4) zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'wGif jy|mef;xm;aom wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf
jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D csKyEf iS fh wdik ;f a'oBu;D
odrYk [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D \ t&nftcsi;f
ysu, f iG ;f jcif;?
(5) Oya't& ay;tyfaomwm0efrsm;ukd ausyeG pf mG raqmif&u G jf cif;/
( c ) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D csKyu f kd
w&m;olBu;D udv k nf;aumif; pGypf jJGypfwifvykd gu oufqikd &f m wdik ;f a'oBu;D
odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,f pkpkaygif;OD;a&teuf
tenf;qkH; av;ykHwpfykHu vufrSwfa&;xdk;NyD; rdrdwdkY\pGyfpGJcsufudk
oufqdkif&m wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfOuú|xH
wifjy&rnf?
181
(*) ,if;pGypf cJG suu f kd oufqikd &f m wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf
Ouú|u pkpH rf;ppfaq;a&;tzGUJ udk zGUJ pnf;í pkpH rf;ppfaq;ap&rnf/ pkpH rf;
ppfaq;&rnhf vkyif ef;yrmPudk axmuf½í I pkpH rf;ppfaq;rI jy;D pD;&rnfh
tcsed u f mvudv k nf; owfrw S af y;&rnf?
(C) pGypf cJG suuf kd pkpH rf;ppfaq;onft h cg pGypf jJG ypfwifjcif;cH&oltm; ud, k w f idk f
aomfvnf;aumif;? ud, k pf m;vS,jf zifah omfvnf;aumif; acsycGiafh y;&rnf?
(i) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf w&m;olBuD;csKyf
tay:wGifvnf;aumif;? wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;
vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D tay:wGiv f nf;aumif; oufqikd &f m wdik ;f a'oBu;D
odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf\ pGypf jJGypfwifrEI iS phf yfvsO;f í pkpH rf;ppfaq;a&;
tzGJU\ pkHprf;awGU½dScsufudk wifjyonfhtcg vTwfawmfOuú|onf
oufqikd &f m wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfoYdk wifjy&rnf?
oufqikd &f m vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f pkpak ygif;OD;a&teuf ok;H ykEH pS yf u Hk
pGypf jJG ypfwifro I nfreS u f efí pGypf cJG &H olonf wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf
jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf w&m;olBuD;csKyf&mxl;wGifvnf;aumif;?
wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D &mxl;wGif
vnf;aumif; qufvufxrf;½Gufap&ef roifhaMumif; qkH;jzwfvQif
vTwaf wmfOuú|onf wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf
w&m;olBuD;csKyftwGufjzpfvQif EkdifiHawmfor®wxHodkYvnf;aumif;?
wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D twGuf
jzpfvQif oufqikd &f m wkid ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyx f o H Ykd
vnf;aumif; xdq k ;Hk jzwfcsuu f kd wifjy&rnf? wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf
jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyo f nf azmfjyygwifjycsuu f kd &&So
d nhtf cg Edik if aH wmf
or®wxH qufvufwifjy&rnf?
182
(p) ,if;okYd wifjytpD&ifcv H Qif Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf pGypf jJGypfwifjcif;cH&onfh
wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D csKyu f kd
w&m;olBu;D udv k nf;aumif; &mxl;rS&yfp&J rnf?
(q) pGypf jJG ypfwifro I nf rrSeu f efaMumif; oufqikd &f m wkid ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf
jynfe,fvw T af wmfu qk;H jzwfvQif xdo k qYkd ;Hk jzwfaMumif;udk vTwaf wmfOuú|
onf wkid ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D csKyf
twGufjzpfygu EkdifiHawmfor®wxHodkYvnf;aumif;? wdkif;a'oBuD;
odkYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf w&m;olBuD;twGufjzpfygu
oufqikd &f m wkid ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyx f o H v
Ykd nf;aumif;
wifjy&rnf/
wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D csKyEf iS hf wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf
jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D rsm;\&mxl;oufwrf;
14/ wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D csKyEf iS hf wdik ;f a'oBu;D
odrYk [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D rsm;\&mxl;oufwrf;ESifh pyfvsO;f Ny;D
wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf w&m;olBuD;csKyfrsm;ESifh
wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D rsm;onf atmufyg
taMumif;wpf&yf&yf ray:aygufvQif touf 65 ESpf jynfo h nftxd wm0ef
xrf;aqmifciG ½fh o Sd nf -
(u) rdro d abmtavsmuf &mxl;rS Ekwx f uG jf cif;?
( c ) zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;ESit hf nD pGypf jJG ypfwifjcif;cH&í
&mxl;rS &yfpcJ &H jcif;?
( * ) Oya't&owfrw S af om aq;tzGUJ \ppfaq;csut f & ud, k pf w d Ef pS yf g;
teuf wpfyg;yg;onf xm0pOfcsKUd ,Gi;f oGm;jcif;aMumifh wm0efuq kd ufvuf
xrf;aqmifEidk pf rG ;f r½daS Mumif; awGU½d&S jcif;?
(C) uG,v f eG jf cif;/
183
odrYk [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D rsm; ygwDEikd if aH &;uif;½Si;f a&;?
Edik if 0hH efxrf;tjzpfrS tNird ;f pm;,la&;ESiphf yfvsO;f Ny;D -
(u) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D csKyrf sm;ESihf
wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D rsm;onf
ygwDEikd if aH &;ESifh uif;½Si;f &rnf?
( c ) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D csKyrf sm;ESihf
wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D rsm;onf
Edik if 0hH efxrf;jzpfvQif wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf
w&m;olBu;D csKyt f jzpfvnf;aumif;? wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,f
w&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D tjzpfvnf;aumif; ceft Y yfwm0efay;jcif;
cH&onfhaeYrSpí wnfqJ0efxrf; pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;ESifhtnD
tNird ;f pm;,lNy;D jzpfonf[k rSw, f &l rnf/
16/ wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf w&m;olBuD;csKyfrsm;ESihf
wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D rsm;\ wm0efrsm;?
vkyyf ikd cf iG rhf sm;? &ydik cf iG rhf sm;ESihf pyfvsO;f Ny;D wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fw&m;
vTwfawmf w&m;olBuD;csKyfrsm;ESifh wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;
vTwfawmf w&m;olBuD;rsm;\ wm0efrsm;? vkyfydkifcGifhrsm;? &ydkifcGifhrsm;udk
Oya'jy|mef;í owfrw S &f rnf/
odkYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf w&m;olBuD;\tqifhESifh pyfvsOf;NyD;
wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf w&m;olBuD;csKyfrsm;ESifh
wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D rsm;\ wm0efrsm;?
vkyyf ikd cf iG rhf sm;? &ydik cf iG rhf sm;udk Oya'jzihf jy|mef;owfrw S o f nft h cg rSjD irf;jyKEikd af &;
twGuf wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D csKyu f kd
184
jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D tqifh owfrw S o
f nf/ wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,f
w&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D udk 'kw, d 0efBu;D tqifh owfrw S o f nf/
wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf\ Bu;D MuyfraI tmuf&dS w&m;½k;H rsm;
18/ wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf Bu;D MuyfraI tmufwiG f w&m;½k;H
tqifq h ifh zGUJ pnf;xm;&Sjd cif;ESipfh yfvsO;f Ny;D wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fw&m;
vTwaf wmf Bu;D MuyfraI tmufü atmufygtwdik ;f w&m;½k;H tqifq h if½h o
Sd nf -
(u) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,ftwGi;f ud, k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKycf iG &hf pD&ifprk ½dv
S Qif
(1) c½dik w f &m;½kH;rsm; (District Courts)
(2) NrKd Ue,fw&m;½kH;rsm; (Township Courts)
( c ) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,ftwGi;f ud, k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKycf iG &hf pD&ifp½k v
Sd Qif
(1) ud, k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKycf iG &hf wdik ;f ü
(uu) ud, k yf ikd tf yk cf sKycf iG &hf wdik ;f w&m;½k;H (Court of the Self-
Administered Division)
( c c ) NrKd Ue,fw&m;½k;H rsm; (Township Courts)
(2) ud, k yf ikd tf yk cf sKycf iG &hf a'oü
(uu) ud, k yf ikd tf yk cf sKycf iG &hf a'ow&m;½k;H (Court of the Self-
Administered Zone)
(3) useaf 'orsm;ü
(uu) c½dik w f &m;½k;H rsm; (District Courts)
(4) jynfaxmifpek ,fajrü
(uu) c½dik w f &m;½k;H rsm; (District Courts)
( * ) Oya't&wnfaxmifxm;aom tjcm;w&m;½k;H rsm;/
185
19/ w&m;olBu;D rsm;cefx Y m;jcif;? ,if;wdt Yk m;pD&ifyikd cf iG rhf sm;tyfEiS ;f jcif;? ,if;wd\ Yk
wm0efrsm;? vkyfydkifcGihfrsm;? &ydkifcGifhrsm;owfrSwfjcif;? ,if;w&m;½kH;rsm;wGif
0efxrf;tzGJUtpnf; zGJUpnf;jcif;? wm0efrsm;? vkyfydkifcGifhrsm;ESihf &ydkifcGifhrsm;
owfrw S jf cif;wdEYk iS pfh yfvsO;f Ny;D -
(u) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf Bu;D MuyfraI tmuf½Sd
w&m;½Hk;tqifhqifhwGif w&m;olBuD;rsm;cefYxm;jcif;? pD&ifydkifcGifhrsm;
tyfEiS ;f jcif;? wm0efrsm;? vkyyf ikd cf iG rfh sm;ESihf &ydik cf iG rfh sm; owfrw S jf cif;wdo
Yk nf
Oya'ESit hf nD jzpfap&rnf?
( c ) jynfaxmifpw k &m;vTwaf wmfcsKy?f wkid ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fw&m;
vTwaf wmfrsm;ESihf usew f &m;½k;H rsm;wGif t&m½dt S qif0h efxrf;rsm;? tjcm;
tqihf 0efxrf;rsm;yg0ifonfh 0efxrf;tzGUJ tpnf; zGUJ pnf;jcif;? wm0efrsm;?
vkyyf ikd cf iG rhf sm;ESihf &ydik cf iG rhf sm;owfrw S jf cif;wdo Yk nf Oya'ESit hf nD jzpfap
&rnf/
w&m;pD&ifa&;qkid &f m tmPmcGaJ 0rI
Sharing
of the Judicial Power
187
w&m;pD&ifa&;qkid &f mtmPmcGaJ 0rI
jynfaxmifpwk &m;vTwaf wmfcsKy\ f rlv pD&ifyidk cf iG t hf mPmrsm;
1/ (u) jynfaxmifpw k &m;vTwaf wmfcsKyüf om atmufygudp&ö yfrsm;twGuf rlvrI
pD&ifyikd cf iG thf mPmrsm;&So d nf -
(1) jynfaxmifpEk ikd if aH wmfu csKyq f akd om jynfaxmiftcsi;f csi;f pmcsKyf
rsm;ESiphf yfvsO;f í ay:aygufvmaomudp&ö yfrsm;?
(2) jynfaxmifpt k pk;d &ESihf wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,ftpk;d &
wdt Yk Mum; jzpfymG ;onfh zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'qdik &f m jyóemrsm;
rSty tjcm;tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;?
(3) wdik ;f a'oBu;D tcsi;f csi;f ? jynfe,ftcsi;f csi;f ? wdik ;f a'oBu;D ESihf
jynfe,ftcsi;f csi;f ? jynfaxmifpek ,fajrESihf wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf
jynfe,f tcsi;f csi;f wdt Yk Mum;jzpfymG ;onfh zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccH Oya'
qdik &f mjyóemrsm;rSty tjcm;tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;?
(4) Oya'wpf&yf&yft& owfrw S x f m;aom tjcm;udp&ö yfrsm;/
( c ) jynfaxmifpw k &m;vTwaf wmfcsKyo f nf Edik if aH wmf\ tjrifq h ;Hk w&m;½k;H
jzpfonft h m;avsmpf mG aemufq;Hk tNy;D tjywf t,lc0H if&m w&m;½k;H vnf;
jzpfonf?
( * ) jynfaxmifpw k &m;vTwaf wmfcsKy\ f pD&ifcsurf sm;onf trItm;vk;H wGif
tNy;D tjywfjzpfí t,lc0H ifciG rhf &Sad p&?
(C) jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyfonf þzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg
jy|mef;csuw f pf&yf&yfujkzd pfap? tjcm;Oya'yg jy|mef;csuw f pf&yf&yfujkzd pfap
rqefu Y sivf Qif wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf\
pD&ifcsurf sm;udk qk;H jzwfEikd af om t,lcrH pI &D ifyikd cf iG hf tmPm&So d nf?
xkt Yd jyif tjcm;w&m;½k;H rsm;u csrw S af om pD&ifcsurf sm;udv k nf; Oya'
ESit hf nD ppfaq;qk;H jzwfEidk af om t,lcrH pI &D ifyikd cf iG hf tmPm&So d nf?
188
(i) jynfaxmifpw k &m;vTwaf wmfcsKyo f nf Oya'ESit hf nD jyifqifrI pD&ifyikd cf iG hf
tmPm&So d nf/
2/ jynfaxmifpw k &m;vTwaf wmfcsKyo f nf -
(u) atmufyg pmcReaf wmftrderYf sm;udk xkwyf ikd cf iG t hf mPm&So d nf -
(1) a&SUawmfoiG ;f pmcReaf wmftrde?Yf
(2) tmPmay; pmcReaf wmftrde?Yf
(3) wm;jrpfap pmcReaf wmftrde?Yf
(4) tmPmydik af r; pmcReaf wmftrde?Yf
(5) trIac: pmcReaf wmftrde/Yf
( c ) Edik if aH wmftwGi;f ta&;ay:tajctaersm; ay:aygufaMumif; aMunm
onfh a'owGif pmcReaf wmftrdeYf xkwq f ifah y;&ef avQmufxm;csurf sm;udk
&yfqikd ;f xm;&rnf/
wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmfrsm;\ pD&ifyidk cf iG t hf mPmrsm;
3/ wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmfrsm;wGif Oya'ESit hf nD atmufyg
w&m;pD&ifyikd cf iG thf mPmrsm;&So d nf -
(u) rlvrIukd pD&ifjcif;?
( c ) t,lcrH u I kd pD&ifjcif;?
( * ) jyifqifru I kd pD&ifjcif;?
(C) Oya'wpf&yf&yft& owfrw S x f m;aom udp&ö yfrsm;ukd pD&ifjcif;/
4/ (u) w&m;pD&ifa&;qdik &f m udpt ö vdUk iSm rEÅav;wdik ;f a'oBu;D w&m;vTwaf wmf
onf aejynfawmftwGi;f &Sd w&m;½k;H rsm;\ w&m;vTwaf wmfjzpfonf/
( c ) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,ftwGi;f &Sd a'owpfcck u k kd jynfaxmifpk
e,fajrtjzpf owfrw S v f Qif w&m;pD&ifa&;qdik &f m udpt ö vdiYk mS oufqikd &f m
wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmfonf ,if;jynfaxmifpk
e,fajrtwGi;f &Sd w&m;½k;H rsm;\ w&m;vTwaf wmfjzpfonf/
189
w&m;½k;H tqifq h if\ h pD&ifyidk cf iG t hf mPmrsm;
5/ c½dik w f &m;½k;H rsm;? ud, k yf ikd tf yk cf sKycf iG &fh wdik ;f w&m;½k;H rsm;? ud, k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKycf iG &hf a'o
w&m;½kH;rsm;onf Oya'ESifhtnD jypfrIqdkif&m rlvrIrsm;? w&m;rrlvrIrsm;
udv k nf;aumif;? t,lcrH rI sm;ESihf jyifqifrrI sm;udv k nf;aumif;? Oya'wpf&yf&yf
t& owfrw S x f m;aom udp&ö yfrsm;ukv d nf;aumif; pD&ifyikd cf iG t hf mPm&So d nf/
6/ NrKd Ue,fw&m;½k;H rsm;onf Oya'ESit hf nD jypfrq I ikd &f mrlvrIrsm;? w&m;rrlvrIrsm;udk
vnf;aumif;? Oya'wpf&yf&yft& owfrw S x f m;aom udp&ö yfrsm;udv k nf;aumif;
pD&ifyikd cf iG t hf mPm&So d nf/
7/ jynfaxmifpw k pf0ef;vk;H wGif w&m;pD&ifa&;qdik &f m udpt ö 00udk þzGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccH
Oya't&jzpfap? tjcm;Oya'wpf&yf&yft&jzpfap zGUJ pnf;onfh w&m;½k;H rsm;wGif
Oya'ESit hf nD cefx Y m;aom w&m;olBu;D rsm;u pDraH qmif&u G &f rnf/
8/ jynfaxmifpw k &m;vTwaf wmfcsKyo f nf w&m;pD&ifa&;qdik &f m b@maiGt&tok;H
pm&if;rsm;udk þzGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;ESit hf nD jynfaxmifp\ k
ESppf Ofb@maiG t&tok;H qdik &f m Oya'Murf;wGif xnfo h iG ;f wifjyEkid &f ef jynfaxmifpk
tpd;k &xH wifjy&rnf/
9/ jynfaxmifpw k &m;olBu;D csKyo f nf jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf tpnf;ta0;wGijf zpfap?
jynfov Yl w T af wmf odrYk [kwf trsK;d om;vTwaf wmf tpnf;ta0;wGijf zpfap Edik if aH wmf
odrYk [kwf trsm;jynfow l EYkd iS hf oufqikd o f nfh ta&;Bu;D aom w&m;pD&ifa&;qdik &f m
tajctaeudk tcgtm;avsmpf mG wifjyEdik o f nf/
tcef; (7)
wyfrawmftcef;
Chapter (VII)
The Tatmadaw
191
tcef; (7)
wyfrawmf
1/ wyfrawmfonf tiftm;awmifw h if;Ny;D pGr;f &nfxufjrufaom acwfro D nfh

wpfcw k nf;aom rsK;d cspw f yfrawmfjzpfonf/
2/ wyfrawmfonf Edik if aH wmfzUJG pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'udk umuG,af pmifah &Smuf&ef t"du
wm0ef&o dS nf/
3/ jynfaxmifprk NyKd uaJG &;? wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nDñw G rf rI NyKd uaJG &;ESifh tcsKytf jcm
tmPmwnfwchH ikd Nf raJ &;wdu Yk kd umuG,af pmihaf &Smuf&ef wyfrawmfwiG f t"du
wm0ef&o dS nf/
4/ jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if t H m; jynfwiG ;f ? jynfytEÅ&m,frsm;rS umuG,af &;twGuf
wyfrawmfu OD;aqmif&rnf/ Edik if aH wmfumuG,af &;twGuf t"du tusq;kH aom
vufeufuikd w f yfzUJG onf wyfrawmfjzpfonf/
5/ wyfrawmfonf trsKd ;om;umuG,af &;ESifh vHNk cKH a&;aumifp\ D oabmwlncD suf
jzihf Edik if aH wmfvNkH cKH a&;ESiu
fh muG,af &;wGif jynfow l pf&yfv;kH yg0ifa&;twGuf
pDraH qmif&u G cf iG fh &So
d nf/ wyfrawmf\OD;aqmifrjI zihf jynfopYl pfr[mAsL[mudk
azmfaqmif&rnf/
6/ Edik if aH wmftwGi;f &Sd vufeufuikd f tzGUJ tpnf;tm;vH;k onf wyfrawmf\ uGyu f rJ I
atmufwiG &f &dS rnf/
7/ wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfonf vufeufudkif tzGJYtpnf;tm;vHk;\
tBu;D tuJ jzpfonf/
8/ wyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKy\ f tqiho f wfrw S &f mwGif rSjD irf;jyKEikd af &;twGuf
wyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyu f kd 'kw,d or®wtqihf owfrw S of nf/
192
9/ Edik if aH wmfor®wonf trsKd ;om;umuG,af &;ESifh vHNk cKH a&;aumifp\ D tqdjk yK
axmufccH sujf zihf wyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyu f kd ceft
Y yfwm0efay;&rnf/
10/ wyfrawmfonf wyfyikd ;f qdik &f m udpt ö m;vH;k udk vGwvf yfpmG pDrcH efcY JG pD&ifaqmif&u
G f
ydik cf iG &hf o
dS nf/
11/ wyfrawmfom;rsm;twGuf ppfbufw&m;pD&if&mwGif tzGUJ jzihjf zpfap? wpfO;D wnf;
jzpfap Oya'ESit fh nD pD&ifEikd o f nf/
12/ ppfbufw&m;pD&ifa&;wGif wyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKy\ f tqH;k tjzwfonf
tNy;D tjywf jzpfonf/
13/ roefrpGr;f jzpfomG ;aom wyfrawmfom;rsm;ESihf aoqk;H ? usq;kH aom wyfrawmfom;
rsm;\ rdom;pkrsm;tm; axmufyahH pmifah &Smufa&;wdt Yk wGuf Oya'jy|mef;&rnf/
14/ Edik if aH wmfwiG f Edik if aH wmfEiS fh Edik if o
H m;rsm;twGuf ab;tEÅ&m,frsm; usa&mufvm
vQif wyfrawmfonf ulnaD qmif&u G &f rnf/
tcef; (8)
Edik if o
H m;? Edik if o
H m;rsm;\rlvtcGit
fh a&;ESifh
wm0efrsm;tcef;
Chapter (VIII)
Citizenship, Fundamental Rights

and Duties of Citizens
193
tcef; (8)
Ekid if o
H m;? Ekid if o
H m;rsm;\ rlvtcGit
hf a&;ESiw
hf m0efrsm;
1/ atmufazmfjyyg t&nftcsi;f wpf&yf&yfEiS hf jynfph o kH rl sm;onf jynfaxmifpo

k r®w
jrefrmEdik if aH wmf\ Edik if o
H m;rsm; jzpfMuonf -
(u) jynfaxmifpo
k r®wjrefrmEdik if aH wmf\ wdik ;f &if;om;rdbESpyf g;rS arG;zGm;ol?
(c) þzGUJ pnf;yHtk ajccHOya' twnfjyKjy|mef;onfah eYwiG f Oya't& Edik if o
H m;
jzpfNy;D ol/
2/ Edik if o
H m;jzpfjcif;? Edik if o
H m;jyKjcif;ESihf Ekid if o
H m;tjzpfr&S yfpjJ cif;wdo
Yk nf Oya'jzifh
jy|mef;onft h wdik ;f jzpfap&rnf/
3/ Ekid if aH wmfonf rnfou
Yl rkd qdk Oya't&mwGif wef;wlnrD Q tcGit hf a&; &&Sad p&rnf/
xkjYd yif Oya'\ tumtuG,u f v
kd nf; wef;wlnrD QpmG &,lyikd cf iG ahf y;&rnf/
4/ Ekid if aH wmfonf rnfonfh jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if aH wmf\ Edik if o
H m;udrk Q vlrsKd ;?
Zmwd? ud;k uG,&f mbmom? &mxl;XmeEÅ&? tqift h wef;? ,Ofaus;rI? trsKd ;om;?
trsKd ;orD;? qif;&Jcsr;f omudk taMumif;jyKí cGjJ cm;rIr&Sad p&/
5/ Edik if o
H m;rsm;onf atmufygvkyif ef;rsm;udk vkyu
f ikd af qmif&u
G &f mwGif wlnaD om
tcGit fh vrf; &&Sad p&rnf -
(u) jynfo0Yl efxrf; wm0efxrf;aqmifr?I
(c) tvkyv
f yk u
f ikd rf ?I
(*) ukeo
f ,
G af &mif;0,f azmufum;rI?
(C) pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef; vkyu
f ikd rf ?I
(i) twwfynmESihf toufarG;0rf;ausmif;rI?
(p) 0dZmÆ ynm? odyyHÜ nmESiehf nf;ynm&yfrsm; &SmazG azmfxw
k rf /I
194
6/ trsdK;orD;rsm;onf wlnDaomtvkyftwGuf trsdK;om;rsm; cHpm;cGifh&Sdaom
tcGit hf a&;? vpmwku
Yd kd cHpm;cGi&hf o
dS nf/
7/ rdcifrsm;? uav;oli,frsm;ESihf ud,
k 0f efaqmiftrsKd ;orD;rsm;onf Oya't&
owfrw S xf m;aom tcGit
hf a&;rsm;udk tnDtrQ cHpm;cGi&hf adS p&rnf/
8/ Edik if aH wmfonf tvkyt f udik cf efx
Y m;&mwGijf zpfap? Edik if 0hH efxrf;a&G;cs,f wm0ef
ay;&mwGijf zpfap owfrw S af om t&nftcsi;f ESihf jynfph ykH gu Ekid if aH wmf\ rnfonfh
Edik if o
H m;udrk Q vlrsKd ;? Zmwd? ud;k uG,&f m bmomomoem? trsK;d om;? trsK;d orD;udk
taMumif;jyKvsuf &mxl;a&G;cs,cf efx Y m;jcif;udk cGjJ cm;rIrjyK&/
od&Yk mwGif trsKd ;om;rsm;ESio hf m avsmu f efoifjh rwfonfh &mxl;wm0efrsm;twGuf
trsKd ;om;rsm;tm; a&G;cs,cf efx Y m;jcif;udk þyk'rf t& t[eft Y wm; rjzpfap&/
9/ rnfolYudkrQ wnfqJOya'ESifhtnDrSwpfyg; toufudkjzpfap? yk*¾dKvfqdkif&m
vGwv
f yfru I jkd zpfap epfemqH;k ½I;H rI r&Sad p&/
10/ Edik if o
H m;wdik ;f onf Edik if aH wmfvjkH cKH a&;? w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;? &yf&mG at;csr;f
om,ma&; odrYk [kwf jynfow l \
Ydk ud, k uf siw
hf &m;tusKd ;iSm jy|mef;xm;onfh
Oya'rsm;ESihf rqefu Y siv
f Qif atmufygtcGit hf a&;rsm;udk vGwvf yfpmG oH;k pGJ
aqmif&u G cf iG &hf o
dS nf -
(u) rdrd\ ,HkMunfcsuf? xifjrif,lqcsufrsm;udk vGwfvyfpGm xkwfazmf
ajymqkcd iG ?hf a&;om;jzefaY 0cGi?hf
(c) vufeufrygbJ Nird ;f csr;f pGmpka0;cGi?hf pDwef;vSnv
hf nfciG ?hf
(*) toif;tzGUJ ESihf tpnf;t½H;k rsm; zGUJ pnf;aqmif&u
G cf iG ?hf
(C) wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d wpfrsK;d ESiw
hf pfrsK;d odrYk [kwf wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d tcsi;f csi;f
ukv d nf;aumif;? tjcm;bmom omoemukv d nf;aumif; xdcu kd ef pfemrI
r&Sad pbJ? rdrcd spcf ifjrwfE;kd onfh pum;?pmay? ,Ofaus;rI? ud;k uG,o f nfh
bmom omoemESihf "avhx;kH wrf;rsm;udk vGwv f yfpmG aqmif&u G yf ikd cf iG /hf
195
11/ Edik if o
H m;wdik ;f onf Ekid if aH wmftwGi;f rnfonft
h &yfa'oürqkd Oya'ESit
hf nD
tajcpdu k f aexkid cf iG &hf o
dS nf/
12/ Edik if aH wmfonf Edik if o
H m;rsm;\ w&m;0if&&Syd ikd q f idk x
f m;aom a&TUajymif;Ekid af om
ypön;f ? ra&TUajymif;Ekid af omypön;f rsm;ESiphf yfvsO;f í Oya't& umuG,af y;&rnf/
13/ þzGUJ pnf;yHk tajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;ESihf rqefu Y siv
f Qif Edik if aH wmfonf
EdkifiHom;rsm;\ aetdrfOypmvHkjcHKrI? ypönf;vHkjcHKrI? pmay;pm,lESifh tjcm;
qufo, G af &;qdik &f m vHjk cKH rrI sm;twGuf Oya't& umuG,af y;&rnf/
14/ Edik if aH wmfonf aus;uRejf yKrEI iS hf vluek u
f ;l rIrsm;udk wm;jrpfonf/
15/ Edik if aH wmfonf Oya'usL;vGeí f jypf'Pfay;jcif;udck &H ojzifh tvky'f Pf xrf;aqmif
cdik ;f jcif;ESihf trsm;jynfot
l usKd ;twGuf aqmif&u
G &f ef Edik if aH wmfu Oya'ESit
hf nD
wm0efcsxm;jcif;rSwpfyg; t"r®apcdik ;f jcif;udk wm;jrpfonf/
16/ Nird 0f yfyjd ym;a&;ESiahf omfvnf;aumif;? jynfou Yl ,
kd u
f siwhf &m;ESiahf omfvnf;aumif;?
jynfou Yl se;f rma&;ESiahf omfvnf;aumif;? þzGUJ pnf;yHk tajccHOya'yg tjcm;
jy|mef;csufwdkYESifhaomfvnf;aumif; rqefYusifvQif rnfolrqdk bmom
omoema&;wGif vGwv f yfpmG ,lqEdik af om tcGit hf a&;? vGwv f yfpmG ud;k uG,f
aqmufwnfEikd af om tcGit hf a&;wku
Yd kd tnDtrQ &&S&d rnf/
17/ bmom omoema&;qkid &f m ud;k uG,w
f nfaqmufrEI iS hf qufpyfaeapumrl xko d Ykd
qufpyfaeaom pD;yGm;a&;? b@ma&;? EdkifiHa&;ESifh tjcm;avmuDa&;&m
aqmif&uG rf I wku
Yd kd txufyg bmom omoema&;qdik &f m vGwv f yfciG rhf sm;wGif
ryg0ifap&/
18/ xko d Ykd bmom omoema&;ESihf pyfvsO;f í vGwv
f yfaom tcGit
hf a&;rsm;udk
ay;xm;aomfvnf; trsm;jynfoltusdK;udpöESifh jyKjyifa&;udpöwkdYtwGuf
Edik if aH wmf\ Oya'jyKjcif;udk rwm;jrpf&/
196
19/ Ak'b
¨ mom omoemawmfonf Edik if aH wmf\ Edik if o H m;trsm;qH;k ud;k uG,&f m
jzpfaom *kPx
f ;l 0daooESijhf ynfph o
kH nfh bmom omoemjzpfonf[k Edik if aH wmfu
todtrSwjf yKonf/
20/ EkdifiHawmfonf c&pf,mefbmom omoem? tpövmrfbmom omoem?
[dEL´ bmom omoemESihf ewfu;kd uG,af ombmomwdu Yk kd þzGUJ pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'
tmPmwnfaomaeYü Edik if aH wmfwiG &f adS eMuaom ud;k uG,&f mbmomrsm;[lí
todtrSwjf yKonf/
21/ Edik if aH wmfu todtrSwjf yKxm;aom bmom omoemrsm;udk Edik if aH wmfu
wwfEikd o f rQ ulnaD pmifah &Smufrnf/
22/ Edik if aH &;udpt ö vdiYk mS bmom omoemudk tvGo J ;kH pm;rjyK&? xdjYk yif vlrsK;d a&;aMumifh
aomfvnf;aumif;? bmoma&;aMumifah omfvnf;aumif; wpfzufEiS w hf pfzuf?
wpf*P kd ;f ESiw hf pf*P
kd ;f rke;f wD;jcif;? &efrjl cif;? pdw0f rf;uGjJ cif;wdYk ay:aygufvmap&ef
&nf&, G af om odrYk [kwf ay:aygufvm&ef taMumif;&Sad om tjyKtrlonf
þzGUJ pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'ESihf qefu Y sio f nf? xdt k jyKtrlrsKd ;twGuf tjypf'Pf
ay;Edik &f ef Oya'jy|mef;Edik o f nf/
23/ Edik if o
H m;wdik ;f onf Oya'ESit hf nD rdrw d t
Ykd jrwfwEd;k xm;&Sad om pmay? ,Ofaus;rI?
tEkynmESihf "avhx;kH wrf;wdu Yk kd vGwv f yfpmG jyKpyk sK;d axmif aqmif&u G yf ikd cf iG &hf o
dS nf/
,if;odYk aqmif&u G &f mwGif wkid ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nDñw G af &;udk xdyg;rIr&Sad p&ef
a&SmifMuOf&rnf/ xdt Yk jyif rdrwd \ Ykd aqmif&u G rf oI nf tjcm;wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d
wpfrsK;d udjk zpfap? vlrsK;d rsm;udjk zpfap xdcu kd ef pfemapvQif oufqikd o f rl sm;onf
tcsi;f csi;f n§Ed idI ;f í ajyvnfr&I &SNd y;D rSom aqmif&u G cf iG &hf o
dS nf/
24/ Edik if o
H m;wdik ;f onf Edik if aH wmfu csrw
S x
f m;aom ynma&;qdik &f m rl0g'rsm;ESit
hf nD
(u) ynmoifMum;ydik cf iG &hf o
dS nf?
197
(c) Oya'jzifjh y|mef;onfh roifrae& tajccHynmrsm;udk oifMum;&rnf?
(*) odyÜHynm pl;prf;&SmazGrI? pmayESifhtEkynm acwfrDwkd;wufatmif
wDxiG Mf uq
H azmfxwk af &;om;rIEiS hf ,Ofaus;rIupd rö sm;wGif vGwv
f yfpmG
okawoejyK azmfxw k af qmif&u
G cf iG &hf o
dS nf/
25/ Edik if o
H m;wkid ;f onf Ekid if aH wmfu csrwS xf m;aom use;f rma&;qkid &f m rl0g'rsm;
ESit fh nD use;f rma&;apmifah &Smufru I dk cH,cl iG &fh o
dS nf/
26/ Edik if aH wmfonf ynm&nfx;l cReaf om Edik if oH m;rsm;tm; vlrsK;d ? ud;k uG,&f mbmom?
trsKd ;om;? trsKd ;orD; cGjJ cm;rIrxm;&Sb
d J rdrw
d \
Ykd t&nftcsi;f tvdu k f cs;D ajrm§ uf
axmufyrhH nf/
27/ þzGUJ pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'ESijhf zpfap? oufqikd &f m Oya'rsm;ESijhf zpfap rqefu
Y siv
f Qif
EdkifiHom;wdkif;onf jynfolYvTwfawmf? trsKd;om;vTwfawmf? wdkif;a'oBuD;
vTwaf wmf odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf wpf&yf&yfwiG f a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufciG hf
ESihf a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufcyH ikd cf iG &hf o
dS nf/
28/ vTwaf wmfwpf&yf&yfrS vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,u f kd oufqikd &f mrJqE´&iS rf sm;u
Oya'ESit
hf nD wm0efrS jyefvnf½yk o
f rd ;f cGi&hf o
dS nf/
29/ Edik if aH wmftwGi;f trsKd ;om;pD;yGm;a&; zGUH NzKd ;wd;k wufapa&;twGuf Ekid if oH m;rsm;
onf pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef;rsm;udk Oya'ESit hf nD vGwv f yfpmG vkyu
f ikd af qmif&u
G cf iG hf
&So
d nf/
30/ Edik if aH wmfonf trsK;d om;pD;yGm;a&; wd;k wufzUHG NzKd ;rItwGuf enf;ynm? t&if;tES;D ?
pufryI pön;f ? ukeMf urf; tp&So d nfwu Ykd kd &&Sad p&efun l rD nf/
31/ þzGUJ pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;ESiv hf nf;aumif;? wnfqOJ ya'rsm;yg
jy|mef;csurf sm;ESiv hf nf;aumif; rqefu Y siaf pbJ pD;yGm;a&;udprö sm;udk aqmif&u G f
&mwGif ypön;f ydik q
f idk cf iG ?hf oH;k pGcJ iG Ehf iS hf ud,
k yf ikd w
f x D iG cf iG ?hf rlyikd cf iG w
hf u
Ykd kd Edik if aH wmfu
tmrcHonf/
198
32/ jypfru I sL;vGeo f l rnfouYl rkd qdk ,if;jypfru I sL;vGeo f nfth csed u
f twnfjzpfvsuf
&Sad om oufqikd &f mOya't&om jypfrx I if&mS ; pD&if&rnf/ xdjYk yif ,if;Oya't&
csrw S Ef ikd af om jypf'Pfxufyí kd k csrw
S jf cif;rjyK&/
33/ wpfO;D wpfa,mufonf pD&ifyikd cf iG &hf adS omw&m;½H;k u jypfrw I pf&yftwGuf jypfrI
xif&mS ; pD&ifjcif;cH&vQijf zpfap? trIrS tNy;D tjywf vTwjf cif;cH&vQijf zpfap tqdyk g
jypfrx
I if&mS ; pD&ifonfph &D ifcsuf odrYk [kwf trIrt
S Ny;D tjywfvw T o f nfh pD&ifcsuu
f kd
tqifjh rifw h &m;½H;k u y,fzsuNf y;D trIukd topfwpfzef jyefvnfppfaq;ap&ef
trdecYf srw
S of nfh tcgrSty ,if;jypfrt I wGuf xdo
k t l m; xyfrpH pfaq;jcif;rjyK&/
34/ jypfru
I sL;vGeaf Mumif; pGypf cGJ &H olwpfO;D OD;onf Oya'ESit
fh nD ckcaH csycGihf &Sad p&rnf/
35/ Edik if aH wmfvNkH cKH a&;? w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;? trsm;jynfol at;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf
trsm;jynfot l usK;d iSm Oya'ESit
hf nD BuKd wifumuG,x f m;&S&d ef vdt
k yfaomudpö
okrYd [kwf wnfqOJ ya'wpf&yf&yft& cGijhf yKonfu h pd rö w
S pfyg; rnfou Yl rkd Q pD&ifyikd f
cGi&hf adS om w&m;olBu;D \ csKyrf ed rYf &&Sb d J (24) em&Dxufyí kd csKyaf ESmifjcif;rjyK&/
36/ þtcef;ü ay;tyfxm;aom tcGit hf a&;wpf&yf&yfukd &,lvykd gvQif owfrw S cf suf
rsm;ESit
hf nD jynfaxmifpw
k &m;vTwaf wmfcsKyo
f Ykd avQmufxm;,lyikd cf iG hf &S&d rnf/
37/ þtcef;ü ay;tyfxm;aom tcGit hf a&;rsm;ESiphf yfvsO;f í avQmufxm;vmonfh
udp&ö yfrsm;wGif jynfaxmifpw
k &m;vTwaf wmfcsKyo f nf atmufazmfjyyg pmcReaf wmf
trdeYf wpf&yf&yfukd oifah vsmo
f nft h wkid ;f xkwq f ifah y;cGihf tmPm&S&d rnf -
(u) a&SUawmfoiG ;f pmcReaf wmftrde?Yf
(c) tmPmay; pmcReaf wmftrde?Yf
(*) wm;jrpfap pmcReaf wmftrde?Yf
(C) tmPmydik af r; pmcReaf wmftrde?Yf
(i) trIac: pmcReaf wmftrde/Yf
199
jynfaxmifpw k &m;vTwaf wmfcsKyof Ykd tyfEiS ;f onfh pmcReaf wmftrderYf sm; xkwq f ifch iG hf
tmPmonf tjcm;w&m;½H;k rsm;tm; wnfqOJ ya'rsm;t& tyfEiS ;f xm;onfh
pmcReaf wmf trdeo Yf abmrsKd ; oufa&mufonft h rdeYf xkwqf ifyh ikd cf iG t
hf mPmudk
rxdcukd af p&/
38/ atmufazmfjyyg tajctaewpf&yf&yf ay:aygufcsed w f iG f trsm;jynfol vHjk cKH a&;
twGuf vdt k yfonfu
h pd rö w
S pfyg; tyd'k f 36 yg tcGit
hf a&;rsm; awmif;cHciG u hf kd
&yfqikd ;f rxm;& -
(u) ppfrufjzpfymG ;csed ?f
(c) wkid ;f wpfyg;rS usL;ausm0f ifa&mufwu
kd cf u
kd cf sed ?f
(*) qlyal omif;use;f rIrsm; jzpfay:aecsed /f
39/ Edik if jH cm;wkid ;f wpfyg;ESihf qufqaH om Ekid if o
H m;wkid ;f onf jynfwiG ;f üjzpfap? jynfyü
jzpfap Edik if aH wmf\ umuG,af pmifah &Smufru I kd awmif;cHciG &hf o
dS nf/
40/ atmufwiG af zmfjyxm;aom tajctaeESihf tcsed t f cgrSty Ekid if o
H m;rsm;\
w&m;0if&ydik cf iG &hf adS om epfemcsurf sm;twGuf Oya'jzifh owfrw
S x
f m;aom &,l
ydik cf iG rhf sm;udk jiif;y,fjcif;rjyK& -
(u) wkid ;f wpfyg;rS usL;ausm0f ifa&muf wku
d cf u
kd cf sed ?f
(c) qlyal omif;use;f rIrsm; jzpfay:aecsed ?f
(*) ta&;ay:tajctae jzpfay:aecsed /f
41/ umuG,af &;wyfzUJG 0ifrsm; odrYk [kwf Nird 0f yfyjd ym;a&;ESiv
hf jkH cKH a&; wm0efxrf;aqmif
&aom wyfzUJG 0ifrsm;tm; ,if;wd\ Yk wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;udk ausyeG pf mG xrf;aqmif
Ekid af &;ESihf pnf;urf;ao0yfrrI sm; &Sad pa&;wdt
Yk wGuf þtcef;ü ay;tyfxm;aom
200
tcGithf a&;rsm;teuf uefo
Y wf&ef odrYk [kwf zsuo f rd ;f &ef vdt
k yfaom tcGit
hf a&;
rsm;udk Oya'jy|mef;í uefo
Y wfjcif;? zsuof rd ;f jcif;jyK&rnf/
42/ Edik if o
H m;wdik ;f onf -
(u) jynfaxmifprk NyKd uaJG &;?
(c) wkid ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nDñw
G rf rI NyKd uaJG &;ESihf
(*) tcsKyt
f jcmtmPm wnfwcHh ikd jf raJ &;
wdu
Yk kd apmifx
h ed ;f &ef wm0ef&o
dS nf/
43/ Edik if o
H m;wdik ;f onf zGUJ pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;udk vdu
k ef mapmifx
h ed ;f &ef
wm0ef&o dS nf/
44/ jynfaxmifpo k r®wjrefrmEdik if aH wmf\ vGwv
f yfa&;? tcsKyt
f jcmtmPmESihf e,fajr
wnfwchH ikd Nf raJ &;wku
Yd kd umuG,af pmifah &Smufa&;onf Edik if oH m;wdik ;f \ wm0ef
jzpfonf/
45/ Ekid if o
H m;wkid ;f onf Oya'jy|mef;csurf sm;ESit
hf nD ppfynmoifMum;&efEiS hf Edik if aH wmf
umuG,af &;twGuf ppfrx I rf;&ef wm0ef&o dS nf/
46/ EdkifiHom;wkdif;onf jynfaxmifpkpdwf"mwfudk tajccHí wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;
tcsi;f csi;f pnf;vH;k nDñw
G af &;ESihf jynfow
l pf&yfv;kH at;csr;f om,ma&;wdt
Yk wGuf
BuKd ;yrf;tm;xkwf aqmif&u G &f ef wm0ef&o dS nf/
47/ acwfrzD NYHG zKd ;wd;k wufaom Edik if aH wmfBu;D ay:xGe;f apa&;onf Edik if o
H m;wdik ;f \
wm0ef jzpfonf/
48/ Edik if o
H m;wdik ;f onf Oya't&ay;aqmif&rnfh tcGet
f aumufrsm;udk ay;aqmif&ef
wm0ef&o dS nf/
201
49/ Ekid if o
H m;wkid ;f onf atmufazmfjyygudp&ö yfrsm;wGif Ekid if aH wmftm; uln&D ef wm0ef
&So d nf -
(u) trsKd ;om;,Ofaus;rI tarGtESpw
f u
Ykd kd xde;f odr;f apmihaf &Smufjcif;?
(c) obm0ywf0ef;usiw
f u
Ykd kd xde;f odr;f apmifah &Smufjcif;?
(*) vlpY rG ;f tm;t&if;tjrpf (Human Resources) zHUG NzKd ;wd;k wufa&; jrihrf m;vm
ap&ef BuKd ;yrf;jcif;?
(C) trsm;jynfoyl ikd yf pön;f rsm;ukd xde;f odr;f apmihaf &Smufjcif;/
50/ þtcef;ESit hf cef;(1)? Ekid if aH wmftajccHrrl sm;tcef;yg ]Edik if aH wmf} qdo k nfrmS
a&SUaemuf pum;&yfw\ Ykd t"dymÜ ,fuakd xmufí þzGUJ pnf;yHt k ajccHOya't&
Oya'jyKrI tcGithf mPmudak omfvnf;aumif;? tkycf sKyrf t I cGit hf mPmudak omf
vnf;aumif; usio hf ;kH aom tzGUJ tpnf; okrYd [kwf yk*Kd¾ vu
f kd qkv d o kd nf/
tcef; (9)
a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufjcif;tcef;
Chapter (IX)
Election
203
tcef; ( 9 )
a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufjcif;
vTwaf wmfrsm;odUk jynfoUl ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufjcif;

1/ vTwaf wmfrsm;odUk jynfoUl ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;udk a&G;aumufwifajrm§ uf&mwGif -
(u) a&G;aumufyJ G pwifusi;f yonfah eU&ufü touf (18) ESpf jynfí h Oya't&
t&nftcsif;ysuf,Gif;ol r[kwfonfhtjyif qE´rJay;ydkifcGifh&Sdaom
Edik if o H m;ESihf Oya't& qE´raJ y;cGi&hf o dS wl ikd ;f onf qE´raJ y;ydik cf iG &hf o
dS nf/
( c ) qE´raJ y;ydik cf iG &hf adS om Edik if o H m;ESihf Oya't& qE´raJ y;cGi&hf o dS w l ikd ;f onf
a&G;aumufyw JG pf&yfü rJqEé,fwpfe,fwiG f vTwaf wmfwpf&yfpt D wGuf
qE´rw J pfro J m ay;ydik cf iG &hf o
dS nf/
( * ) xkt Yd jyif zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;ESit hf nD qE´raJ y;ydik cf iG hf
&Sdaom oufqdkif&m wkdif;&if;om;rsm;onf rdrdwdkU\ wdkif;a'oBuD;
odUk r[kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmftwGuf wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d vTwaf wmf
ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm; a&G;aumufwifajrm§ uf&mwGiv f nf; qE´raJ y;ydik cf iG hf
&So d nf?
(C) vQKUd 0Suf qE´raJ y;jcif;pepfukd usio hf ;Hk &rnf/
2/ atmufygyk*Kd¾ vrf sm;onf qE´raJ y;ydik cf iG rhf &Sad p& -
(u) omoemh0efxrf;rsm;?
( c ) axmif'PfuscaH e&olrsm;?
( * ) pdwaf yghoyG af eonf[k oufqikd &f mOya'u jy|mef;xm;onft h wkid ;f
owfrw S jf cif;cH&olrsm;?
(C) vlrt JG jzpf qk;H jzwfaMunmcHxm;&jcif;rS vGwaf jrmufciG hf r&ao;olrsm;?
( i ) a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufjcif;qdik &f m Oya't& wm;jrpfjcif;cH&olrsm;/
204
3/ vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;wpfO;D onf a&G;aumufyw JG pf&yfwiG f -
(u) vTwaf wmfwpf&yftwGuo f m a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufcyH ikd cf iG hf &So d nf?
( c ) rJqEé,fwpfe,fwiG o f m a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufc&H ef ,SONf yKd icf iG &hf o dS nf/
4/ (u) jynfaxmifpek ,fajr odUk r[kwf jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfu Oya'jy|mef;í
owfrw S x f m;aom jynfaxmifpek ,fajrrsm;twGi;f rSw D if;aexdik Mf uaom
rJ q E´ & S i f r sm;onf jynf o l U vT w f a wmf E S i f h trsKd ; om;vT w f a wmf
ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;udo k m a&G;aumuf wifajrm§ ufciG &hf o dS nf/
( c ) jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfu Oya'jy|mef;í jynfaxmifpek ,fajrtjzpf
owfrw S v f u
kd af om e,fajrwpfcck rk S a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufxm;onfh
wkid ;f a'oBu;D odUk r[kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf ud,k pf m;vS,o f nf Oya'wGif
oD;jcm;cGijhfyKxm;jcif;r&Sv d Qif ,if;vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf qufvuf
&yfwnfyikd cf iG hf r&Sad p&/
5/ þzGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;t&aomfvnf;aumif;? a&G;aumuf
wifajrm§ ufjcif;qdik &f mOya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;t&aomfvnf;aumif; t&nftcsi;f
ysu, f iG ;f olr[kwyf gu Edik if o H m;wdik ;f onf vTwaf wmfwpf&yf&yfoUkd a&G;aumuf
wifajrm§ ufcyH ikd cf iG hf &So d nf/
vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,w f m0efrS jyefvnf½yk o f rd ;f jcif;
6/ (u) vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,w f pfO;D udk atmufygtaMumif; wpf&yf&yfaMumifh
wm0efrS jyefvnf½yk o f rd ;f cGi&hf o
dS nf -
usL;vGejf cif;?
(4) zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'wGif owfrSwfxm;onfh oufqkdif&m
vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,\ f t&nftcsi;f ysu, f iG ;f jcif;?
205
(c) oufqikd &f m rJqEé,f\ rlvrJqE´&iS rf sm;teuf tenf;qk;H wpf&mckid Ef eI ;f
wdu Yk wm0efrS jyefvnf½yk o f rd ;f vkad om vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,Ef iS fh
ywfoufonhf wdik w f ef;csuu f kd jynfaxmifpk a&G;aumufyaJG umfr&Six f H
wifjy&rnf?
( * ) jynfaxmifpk a&G;aumufyaJG umfr&Siu f Oya'ESit fh nD pkpH rf;ppfaq;&rnf?
(C) pGypf cJG suu f kd pkpH rf;ppfaq;onht f cg oufqikd &f m vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f
ud, k w f ikd af omfvnf;aumif;? ud, k pf m;vS,jf zihaf omfvnf;aumif; acsycGifh
ay;&rnf?
( i ) jynfaxmifpak &G;aumufyaJG umfr&Siu f xdpk yG pf cJG suof nf rSeu f efNy;D pGypf JG
cH&olonf vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf qufvufxrf;&Gufap&ef
roihaf Mumif; oabm&&Sv d Qif jynfaxmifpk a&G;aumufyaJG umfr&Sio f nf
Oya'ESit fh nD aqmif&u G &f rnf/
7/ jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfonf a&G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif;qdkif&mudpörsm;ESihf
pyfvsOf;ívnf;aumif;? wm0efrS jyefvnf½kyfodrf;jcif;qdkif&mudpörsm;ESihf
pyfvsO;f ívnf;aumif; vkt d yfaom Oya'rsm;udk jy|mef;&rnf/
jynfaxmifpk a&G;aumufyaJG umfr&Sif zJUG pnf;jcif;
8/ (u) Edik if aH wmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpk a&G;aumufyaJG umfr&Siw f pf&yfukd
zGUJ pnf;&rnf/ ,if;odYk zGUJ pnf;&mwGif zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'yg jynfaxmifpk
0efBu;D cefx Y m;jcif;ESifh pyfvsO;f onhf jy|mef;csurf sm;ESit fh nD jynfaxmifpk
a&G;aumufyaJG umfr&SiOf uú| tygt0if tzGUJ 0if tenf;qk;H (5) OD;udk
ceft Y yf wm0efay;Edik o f nf?
( c ) jynfaxmifpak &G;aumufyaJG umfr&SiOf uú|ESifh tzGUJ 0ifrsm;onf -
(1) touf (50) ESpjf ynfNh y;D oljzpf&rnf?
(2) touf uefo Y wfcsurf t S y jynfov Yl wT af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;
twGuf owfrw S x f m;onhf t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESifh jynfph o Hk jl zpf&rnf?
206
(3) (uu) jynfaxmifpw k &m;olBu;D csKyf odrYk [kwf jynfaxmifpw k &m;
vTwaf wmfcsKyf w&m;olBu;D tjzpfjzpfap? wdik ;f a'oBu;D
odrYk [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D tjzpf
jzpfap? tvm;wl &mxl;wm0efwpfckckwGifjzpfap
tenf;qk;H (5) ESpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ jl zpf&rnf odrYk [kwf
( c c ) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,ftqifx h uf redrahf om
w&m;a&;0efxrf; odkYr[kwf Oya'0efxrf;&mxl;wGif
tenf;qk;H (10) ESpf wm0efxrf;aqmifco hJ l jzpf&rnf
odrYk [kwf
( * * ) w&m;vTwaf wmfa&SUae (Advocate) tjzpf tenf;qk;H (20)
ESpf trIvu dk yf gaqmif&u G cf ohJ l jzpf&rnf odrYk [kwf
(CC) xifay:ausmMf um;onhf *kPo f wif;&Sad omyk*K¾d vt f jzpf
Edik if aH wmfor®wu ,lqol jzpf&rnf/
(4) odum© orm"dEiS fh jynfph NHk y;D tawGUtBuKH &ihu f suo f jl zpf&rnf?
(5) jynfoUl vTwaf wmf ud, k pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufcH
ykid cf iG fh r&Sad paom jy|mef;csurf sm;ESiv fh nf; oufqidk af p&rnf?
(6) Edik if aH wmfEiS fh Edik if o H m;rsm;tay: opöm&So d jl zpf&rnf?
(7) Edik if aH &;ygwD0ifr[kwo f jl zpf&rnf?
(8) vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf [kwo f jl zpf&rnf?
(9) vpm? p&dwf? aMu;aiG&aom tjcm;rnfonfh &mxl;udkrQ
vufcjH cif;rjyKol jzpf&rnf/
jynfaxmifpak &G;aumufyaJG umfr&Si\ f wm0efrsm;
9/ jynfaxmifpk a&G;aumufyaJG umfr&Si\ f wm0efrsm;rSm atmufygtwdik ;f jzpfonf-
(u) vTwaf wmfa&G;aumufyrJG sm; usi;f yjcif;?
( c ) vTwaf wmfa&G;aumufyrJG sm;udk Bu;D Muyfjcif;? aumfr&Sit f zGUJ cGJ tqifq h ifuh kd
zGUJ pnf;jcif;? Bu;D Muyfapjcif;?
207
(*) rJqEé,frsm; owfrw S jf cif;? jyifqifjcif;?
(C) rJpm&if;rsm; jyKpjk cif;? jyifqifjcif;?
(i) obm0ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifhaomfvnf;aumif;? e,fajrvHkjcHKa&;
tajctaet&aomfvnf;aumif; vGwv f yfNy;D w&m;rQwaom a&G;aumufyJ G
usi;f yEdik jf cif;r&So d nfh rJqEé,frsm;\ a&G;aumufyrJG sm;udk a½TUqdik ;f jcif;?
( p ) a&G;aumufyq JG ikd &f m odrYk [kwf Edik if aH &;ygwDrsm;qdik &f m enf;Oya'rsm;udk
zGUJ pnf;ykt
H ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;ESit hf nDvnf;aumif;? vkyx f ;kH
vkyef nf;rsm;? ñTeMf um;csuf ponfrsm;udk oufqikd &f m Oya'rsm;ESit hf nD
vnf;aumif; xkwjf yefjcif;?
(q) a&G;aumufyq JG ikd &f m tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;udk ppfaq;Edik af &;twGuf Oya'ESit hf nD
a&G;aumufycJG t kH zGUJ rsm; zGUJ pnf;jcif;?
( Z ) Oya'wpf&yf&yft& ay;tyfonfw h m0efrsm;udk xrf;aqmifjcif;/
jynfaxmifpak &G;aumufyJG aumfr&SiOf uú| odrYk [kwf tzGUJ 0ifrsm;tm; pGypf jGJ ypfwifjcif;
10/ (u) Edik if aH wmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpak &G;aumufyJG aumfr&SiOf uú| odrYk [kwf
tzGUJ 0if wpfO;D OD;tm; atmufygtaMumif;wpf&yf&yfjzihf pGypf jJG ypfwif
Edik of nf -
usL;vGejf cif;?
(4) zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'wGif oufqikd &f myk*Kd¾ vt f wGuf owfrw S f
xm;onfh t&nftcsi;f ysu, f iG ;f jcif;?
208
(c) jynfaxmifpk w&m;olBu;D csKyf odrYk [kwf jynfaxmifpw k &m;vTwaf wmfcsKyf
w&m;olBuD;wpfOD;OD;udk pGyfpGJjypfwifjcif;ESihf pyfvsOf;onhf zGJUpnf;ykH
tajccHOya'yg jy|mef;xm;onhf enf;vrf;rsm;ESit fh nD aqmif&u G &f rnf/
11/ (u) jynfaxmifpk a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&SifOuú| odkYr[kwf tzGJU0ifonf
&mxl;wm0ef xrf;aqmifaepOf taMumif;wpfcck ak Mumifh rdro d abmqE´
tavsmuf &mxl;rS Ekwx f uG v
f vkd Qif xdok Ukd Ekwx f uG v f akd Mumif; Edik if aH wmf
or®wxH pmjzifw h ifjyNy;D &mxl;rS Ekwx f u G Ef ikd o f nf?
( c ) &mxl;rS Ekwx f u G jf cif;aMumifjzh pfap? wm0efrS &yfpcJ &H jcif;aMumifjh zpfap?
uG,fvGefjcif;aMumifhjzpfap? tjcm;taMumif; wpfckckaMumifhjzpfap
jynfaxmifpk a&G;aumufyaJG umfr&SiOf uú| odrYk [kwf tzGUJ 0ifae&m vpfvyf
vQif Edik if aH wmfor®wonf zGpYJ nf;yHt k ajccHOya'yg jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D
cefx Y m;jcif;ESiphf yfvsO;f onfh jy|mef;csurf sm;ESit hf nD a&G;aumufyaJG umfr&Sif
Ouú|topf odrYk [kwf tzGUJ 0iftopftm; ceft Y yf wm0efay;Edik o f nf?
( * ) jynfaxmifpk a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&SifOuú| odkYr[kwf tzGJY0ifonf
Edik if 0Hh efxrf;jzpfvQif jynfaxmifpk a&G;aumufyaJG umfr&SiOf uú| odrYk [kwf
tzG0YJ iftjzpf ceft Y yfwm0ef ay;jcif;cH&onfah eYrpS í wnfq0J efxrf;
pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;ESifhtnD EdkifihH0efxrf;tjzpfrS tNidrf;pm;,lNyD;
jzpfonf[k rSw, f &l rnf/
jynfaxmifpk a&G;aumufyaJG umfr&Si\ f qH;k jzwfcsu?f aqmif&u G cf surf sm;
12/ atmufyg udpö&yfrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;í jynfaxmifpk a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sif\
qH;k jzwfcsu?f aqmif&u G cf suo f nf tNy;D tjywftwnfjzpfap&rnf/
(u) a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufjcif;qdik &f mvkyif ef;rsm;?
( c ) a&G;aumufycJG t kH zGUJ rsm;\ qH;k jzwfcsurf sm;? trderYf sm;ESihf pyfvsO;f onfh
t,lcrH rI sm;? jyifqifrrI sm;?
( * ) Edik if aH &;ygwDqikd &f m Oya't&aqmif&u G af omudp&ö yfrsm;/
209
13/ jynfaxmifpk a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&SifOuú|ESifh tzGJY0ifrsm;\ wm0efrsm;?
vkyyf ikd cf iG rhf sm;ESihf &ydik cf iG rhf sm;udk Oya'jy|mef;í owfrw S &f rnf/
14/ jynfaxmifpk a&G;aumufyaJG umfr&SiOf uú|ESihf tzGUJ 0ifrsm;\wm0efrsm;? vkyyf ikd cf iG hf
rsm;ESihf &ydik cf iG rhf sm;udk Oya'jzifjh y|mef;onft h cg rSjD irf;jyKEikd af &;twGuf jynfaxmifpk
a&G;aumufyaJG umfr&SiOf uú|udk 'kw, d or®wtqifh owfrw S o
f nf/ aumfr&Sif
tzG0YJ ifukd jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D tqifh owfrw S o
f nf/
tcef; (10)
Edik if aH &;ygwDrsm;tcef;
Chapter (X)
Political Parties
211
tcef; ( 10 )
Edik if aH &;ygwDrsm;
Ekid if aH &;ygwDrsm;zJUG pnf;jcif;

1/ Edik if aH &;ygwDrsm;onf -
(u) jynfaxmifpkrNydKuGJa&;? wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nDñGwfrIrNydKuGJa&;ESifh
tcsKyt f jcmtmPm wnfwchH ikd Nf raJ &;wdu Yk kd OD;wnfcsux f m;&So d nf?
( c ) Edik if aH wmf\ aus;Zl;opömudk apmiho f ½d akd o&ef wm0ef&o dS nf/
2/ Edik if aH &;ygwDwpf&yfonf -
(u) ppfreS í f pnf;urf;jynf0h aom ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pDpepfukd vufcu H siohf ;kH &rnf?
( c ) zGUJ pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'ESihf wnfqOJ ya'rsm;udk av;pm;vdu k ef m&rnf?
( * ) Edik if aH &;ygwDtjzpf Oya'ESit hf nD zGUJ pnf;rSwyf w kH ifxm;&rnf/
3/ Edik if aH &;ygwDwpf&yfonf Edik if aH wmftwGi;f Oya'ESit hf nD -
(u) vGwv f yfpmG pnf;½H;k cGi&fh o
dS nf?
(c) a&G;aumufyrJG sm;wGif yg0if,OS Nf yKd icf iG &hf o
dS nf/
Edik if aH &;ygwDrsm; &yfwnfyidk cf iG rhf &Sjd cif;
4/ Edik if aH &;ygwDwpf&yf&yfonf atmufygtaMumif;wpfcck Ek iS hf Nipd eG ;f vQif qufvuf
&yfwnfyikd cf iG hf r&Sad p& -
(u) wnfqOJ ya't& rw&m;toif;tjzpf aMunmcH&jcif;?
( c ) Edik if aH wmftm; vufeufpu JG ikd í
f awmfveS yf ek u f efaeaom aomif;use;f ol
tzGt YJ pnf;? tMurf;zufvyk &f yfrsm;ukd usL;vGeo f nf[k Ekid if aH wmfu
owfrw S af om tzJUG tpnf;ESihf yk*Kd¾ vrf sm; okrYd [kwf rw&m;toif;tjzpf
aMunmcHxm;&aom tzJUG tpnf;ESihf wdu k ½f u kd jf zpfap? oG,0f u
kd íf jzpfap
qufo, G jf cif; okrYd [kwf tm;ay;ulnjD cif;?
212
(*) Edik if jH cm;wdik ;f jynfwpfcck rk S tpd;k & odrYk [kwf bmoma&;tzGUJ tpnf;
odrYk [kwf tjcm;tzGUJ tpnf;wpfcck k odUk r[kwf yk*Kd¾ vw f pfO;D OD;xHrS aiGaMu;?
ypön;f ? tjcm;taxmuftyHu h kd wdu
k ½f u kd jf zpfap? oG,0f u kd íf jzpfap &,l
oH;k pGjJ cif;?
(C) bmoma&;udk Edik if aH &;twGuf tvGo J ;kH pm;jyKjcif;/
5/ Edik if aH &;ygwDwpf&yf&yfonf tyd'k f 4? tyd'k cf JG (u)? (c)? (*) odrYk [kwf (C) yg
jy|mef;csuw f pf&yf&yfEiS hf Nipd eG ;f aMumif; rSwyf w kH ifciG ahf y;Edik af om tzGUJ tpnf;u
awGU&Sv d Qif Edik if aH &;ygwDtjzpf rSwyf w kH ifxm;jcif;udk y,fzsu&f rnf/
6/ jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmfonf Edik if aH &;ygwDrsm;ESihf pyfvsO;f onfh vdt k yfaom
Oya'rsm;udk jy|mef;&rnf/
tcef; (11)
ta&;ay:umvqdik &f mjy|mef;csurf sm;tcef;
Chapter (XI)
Provisions on State of Emergency

213
tcef; ( 11 )
ta&;ay:umvqdik &f m jy|mef;csurf sm;
1/ wdik ;f a'oBu;D wpfcw k iG jf zpfap? jynfe,fwpfe,fwiG jf zpfap? jynfaxmifpek ,fajr

wpfcw k iG jf zpfap? ud, k yf ikd t f yk cf sKycf iG &hf pD&ifpw k pfpw k iG jf zpfap tkycf sKyaf &;qkid &f m
vkyif ef;rsm;udk zGUJ pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;ESit fh nD aqmif&u G Ef ikd pf rG ;f
r&Sad Mumif; od&v dS Qiaf omfvnf;aumif;? oufqikd &f ma'otmPmydik t f zGUJ tpnf;u
wifjyvQiaf omfvnf;aumif; Edik if aH wmfor®wonf trsK;d om;umuG,af &;ESifh
vHNk cKH a&;aumifpED iS fh n§Ed iId ;f jy;D Oya'uJo h Ukd tmPmwnfonfh trdex Yf wk jf yefí
ta&;ay:tajctae aMunmEkid o f nf/
2/ tyd'k f (1) t& ta&;ay:tajctae aMunmonfu h pd &ö yfwiG f Ekid if aH wmfor®w
onf -
(u) oufqikd &f m wdik ;f a'oBu;D ? jynfe,f odUk r[kwf ud, k yf ikd tf yk cf sKycf iG &hf
pD&ifp\ k tkycf sKyaf &;tmPmudk &,lo;kH pJcG iG &hf o dS nf/ xdUk tjyif ,if;
tkycf sKyaf &;tmPmudk oihaf vsmo f nfh tzJUG tpnf;wpf&yf&yf zGUJ pnf;í
jzpfap? oihaf vsmo f nfh yk*Kd¾ vw f pfO;D OD;tm;jzpfap tyfEiS ;f aqmif&u G f
apEkid o f nf?
( c ) ,if;odaYk qmif&u G &f mwGif vdt k yfygu oufqikd &f mwdik ;f a'oBu;D ? jynfe,f
odUk r[kwf ud, k yf ikd tf yk cf sKycf iG &hf pD&ifprk sm;u Oya'jyKyikd cf iG &fh adS om udp&ö yfrsm;
teuf tkycf sKyaf &;qdik &f mudp&ö yfrsm;twGuf Oya'jyKciG t fh mPmudo k m
usio fh ;kH cGi&hf o
dS nf? odUk &mwGif Oya'jyKciG t fh mPmudrk l rnfonft h zJUG tpnf;
odUk r[kwf rnfonfyh *k K¾d vu f rkd Q tyfEiS ;f aqmif&u G af pjcif;rjyK&/
3/ (u) wdik ;f a'oBu;D wpfcw k iG jf zpfap? jynfe,fwpfe,fwiG jf zpfap? jynfaxmifpk
e,fajrwpfcw k iG jf zpfap? ud, k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKycf iG &hf pD&ifpw k pfpw k iG jf zpfap?
,if;wd\ Yk wpfpw d w f pfa'owGijf zpfap jynforl sm;\ touft;kd tdrf
214
pnf;pdru f kd xdyg;tEÅ&m,fjyKrnfh ta&;ay:tajctae ay:aygufvQif
odrYk [kwf xdo k aYkd y:ayguf&ef vHak vmufaom taMumif;&Sad Mumif; od&v dS Qif
aomfvnf;aumif;? xdkodkUay:ayguf&ef vkHavmufaom taMumif;
&Sad Mumif; oufqikd &f ma'otmPmydik f tzGUJ tpnf;u wifjyvQiaf omf
vnf;aumif; Edik if aH wmfor®wonf trsK;d om;umuG,af &;ESifh vHNk cKH a&;
aumifpED iS fh n§Ed idI ;f Ny;D Oya'uJo h Ukd tmPmwnfonfh trdeUf xkwjf yefNy;D
ta&;ay:tajctae aMunmEkid o f nf?
( c ) txuftyd'k cf JG (u) t& Edik if aH wmfor®wonf trsK;d om;umuG,af &;ESifh
vkNH cKaH &;aumifpED iS fh n§Ed idI ;f &mwGif tzGUJ 0ifrsm;pkn H pD mG wufa&mufEikd jf cif;
r&Syd gu tzGUJ 0ifrsm;jzpfaom wyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKy?f 'kw, d
wyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKy?f umuG,af &;0efBu;D Xme0efBu;D ? jynfxaJ &;
0efBu;D Xme0efBu;D wdUk ESifh n§Ed idI ;f Ny;D ta&;ay:tajctaeudk tcsed rf D xkwjf yef
aMunmEdik o f nf/ ,if;odYk xkwjf yefaMunmcsuu f kd trsK;d om;umuG,af &;
ESiv fh NHk cKaH &;aumifpo D Ykd tjrefq;Hk wifjytwnfjyKcsuf &,l&rnf/
4/ tyd'k f 3 t& ta&;ay:tajctaeaMunmonfh udp&ö yfwiG f -
(u) ta&;ay:tajctae aMunmcsuf tusK;d oufa&mufonfh e,fajra'o
twGi;f rlvtajctaeodUk tjrefjyefvnfa&muf&adS pjcif;iSm a'oqdik &f m
tmPmydik t f zGt YJ pnf;rsm;? ,if;tzJUG tpnf;0ifrsm;? e,fbufqikd &f m
0efxrf;tzJUG tpnf;rsm;? ,if;tzGUJ tpnf;0ifrsm;u wnfqOJ ya'rsm;
ESit fh nD wm0efxrf;aqmif&mwGif xda&mufr&I adS p&ef wyfrawmf\
tultnDukd &,laqmif&u G Ef ikd o f nf?
( c ) Edik if aH wmfor®wonf vdt k yfygu ppftyk cf sKyaf &;trdew Yf pf&yf xkwjf yefEikd f
onf/ ,if;ppftyk cf sKyaf &;trdew Yf iG f wyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyt f m;
tkycf sKyaf &;qdik &f m vkyyf ikd cf iG Efh iS fh wm0efrsm;udv k nf;aumif;? &yf&mG at;csr;f
om,ma&;ESifh w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;ESio fh ufqikd o
f nfh w&m;pD&ifa&;qdik &f m
215
vkyyf ikd cf iG Ehf iS fh wm0efrsm;udv k nf;aumif; owfrw S af y;&rnf/ wyfrawmf
umuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyo f nf ,if;vkyyf ikd cf iG fh ESifh wm0efrsm;udk rdru d ,
kd wf ikd f
usio fh ;kH aqmif&u G jf cif; odrYk [kwf oihaf vsmo f nfh ppfbuftmPmydik f
wpfO;D OD;udk usio hf ;kH aqmif&u G af pjcif; jyKEikd o
f nf/
5/ Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf Oya'uJo h Ukd tmPmwnfonft h rdeYf xkwjf yefí ta&;ay:
tajctae aMunmonft h cg -
(u) ,if;trdeUf wGif ta&;ay:tajctae tusK;d oufa&mufonfh e,fajr
a'oESifh tcsed u f mvwdUk udk owfrw S af zmfjy&rnf?
( c ) vdt k yfygu ta&;ay:tajctae tusK;d oufa&mufonfh e,fajra'o
twGi;f aexdik Mf uaom Ekid if o H m;rsm;\ rlvtcGit hf a&; wpf&yf&yfujkdzpfap?
wpf&yfxufyí kd jzpfap vdt k yfovdk uefo Y wfEidk of nf odrYk [kwf &yfqikd ;f Edik f
onf/
6/ Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf ta&;ay:tajctaeaMunmí tyd'k f 1 ESifh 2 t& ta&;,l
aqmif&u G cf surf sm;udv k nf;aumif;? tyd'k f 3 ESifh 4 t& ta&;,l aqmif&u G f
csurf sm;udv k nf;aumif; trdex Yf w k jf yefonfah eYrS -
(u) &ufaygif; (60) twGi;f teD;uyfq;kH jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmf tpnf;ta0;
odwYk ifjyí twnfjyKcsu&f ,l&rnf?
( c ) &ufaygif; (60) twGi;f jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmf yHrk eS t f pnf;ta0;usi;f y&ef
r&Sv d Qif jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf ta&;ay:tpnf;ta0; ac:,lusi;f y
apvsuf wifjyí twnfjyKcsuf &,l&rnf/
7/ tydk'f 6 t& EkdifiHawmfor®w\wifjycsufudk jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf
tpnf;ta0;u -
(u) twnfjyKvQif Oya'uJhokdY tmPmwnfaomtrdefYonf owfrSwf
xm;onfh aeY&ufEiS hf tcsed u f mvukeq f ;kH onftxd tmPmwnf&rnf?
216
(c) twnfjyKonft h jyif tcsed u f mvxyfrH wd;k jri§ o hf wfrw S vf Qif xkOd ya'
uJo h Ydk tmPmwnfaomtrdeo Yf nf wd;k jri§ o hf wfrw S o f nfh aeY&ufEiS hf
tcsed u f mv ukeq f ;kH onftxd tmPmwnf&rnf?
( * ) twnfrjyKvQif twnfrjyKonfhaeY&ufESihf tcsdefumvupwifí
tmPmwnfjcif;rS &yfp&J rnf/
8/ EkdifiHawmf\ tcsKyftjcmtmPmudk qlylaomif;usef;rI? tMurf;zufrIESifh
t"r®enf;rsm;jzihf &,l&efaqmif&u G jf cif; odUk r[kwf MuKd ;yrf;tm;xkwjf cif;aMumihf
jynfaxmifpk NyKd uaGJ prnf?h wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nDñw G rf I NyKd uaGJ prnfh odUk r[kwf
tcsKyt f jcmtmPm vufvw G q f ;kH ½H;I aprnfh ta&;ay:tajctae ay:aygufvQif
odrYk [kwf ay:ayguf&ef vHak vmufaom taMumif;awGU&Sv d Qif Ekid if aH wmfor®w
onf trsK;d om;umuG,af &;ESifh vHNk cKH a&;aumifpED iS hf ndE§ idI ;f Ny;D Oya'uJo h Ydk tmPm
wnfonft h rdeYf xkwjf yefí ta&;ay:tajctae aMunmEkid o f nf/ ,if;trdeUf
wGif ta&;ay:tajctae tusK;d oufa&mufonfh e,fajra'oonf Ekid if H
wpf0ef;vH;k jzpfaMumif;ESifh tcsed u f mvowfrw S cf suo f nf trdex Yf w k jf yefonfah eYrS
wpfEpS t f xdjzpfaMumif; azmfjy&rnf/
9/ (u) tyd'k f 8 t& ta&;ay:tajctae aMunmonhf udp&ö yfwiG f Ekid if aH wmf
or®wonf Ekid if aH wmftwGi;f rlvtajctaeokYd tjrefjyefvnfa&muf&dS
apjcif;iSm vkt d yfonhf ta&;,laqmif&u G rf rI sm;jyKEidk &f ef wyfrawmf
umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyftm; EkdifiHawmf\Oya'jyKa&;? tkyfcsKyfa&;ESihf
w&m;pD&ifa&;tmPmrsm;ukd vJt T yfaMumif; aMunm&rnf/ ,if;okYd
aMunmonhaf eYrpS í vTwaf wmftm;vH;k ESifh OD;pD;tzJUG rsm;\ Oya'jyKa&;
qkid &f m vkyif ef;rsm;ukd &yfqidk ;f xm;onf[k rSw, f &l rnf/ ,if;vTwaf wmf
rsm;\oufwrf; ukeq f ;kH onht f cg oufqidk &f mvTwaf wmfrsm;onf tvkd
tavsmuf zsuo f rd ;f Ny;D jzpfonf[k rSw, f &l rnf?
217
(c) xkdokdY wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyftm; EkdifiHawmf\tmPmukd
vJtT yfaqmif&u G af ponhf aeY&ufrpS í zJUG pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'wGif rnfoyYdk if
jy|mef;yg&Sad pumrl Ekid if aH wmfor®wESifh 'kw, d or®wrsm;rSty zJUG pnf;yHk
tajccHOya'ESit fh nD oufqidk &f mvTwaf wmfrsm;\ oabmwlncD sujf zihf
ceft Y yfwm0efay;xm;aom tzJUG tpnf;0ifrsm;? uk, d yf idk t
wkid ;f OD;pD;tzJUG okrYd [kwf uk, d yf idk tf yk cf sKycf iG &hf a'oOD;pD;tzJUG 0ifrsm;tm;
wm0efr&S yfpNJ y;D jzpfonf[k rSw, f &l rnf/
10/ EkdifiHawmftmPm vJTtyfjcif;cH&onhf wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfonf
Oya'jyKa&;tmPm? tkyfcsKyfa&;tmPmESihf w&m;pD&ifa&;tmPmwkdYukd
usio fh ;kH aqmif&u G cf iG fh &So d nf/ wyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyo f nf Oya'jyKa&;
tmPmukd rdru d , dk wf idk jf zpfap? rdru d , dk wf idk yf g0ifonhf tzJUG tpnf;wpf&yf zJUG pnf;í
jzpfap usifhoHk;aqmif&GufEkdifonf/ tkyfcsKyfa&;tmPmESihf w&m;pD&ifa&;
tmPmrsm;ukd oihfavsmfonhf tzJGUtpnf;wpf&yf&yfukd zJGUpnf;íjzpfap?
oifah vsmo f nhf yk*Kd¾ vw f pfO;D OD;tm;jzpfap vJt T yfusio fh ;kH aqmif&u G af pEkid o f nf/
11/ wyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyo f nf ta&;ay:tajctae aMunmxm;pOf
umvtwGi;f vkt d yfonhf e,fajra'owGif Ekid if o H m;rsm;\ rlvtcGit fh a&;
wpf&yf&yfudk jzpfap? wpf&yfxufyí dk jzpfap vkt d yfovkd uefo Y wfEidk of nf okrYd [kwf
&yfqidk ;f Ekid o f nf/
12/ Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf -
(u) tykd'f 8 ESihf 9 t& ta&;ay:tajctaeaMunmí wyfrawmf
umuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyt f m; Ekid if aH wmftmPm vJt T yfaqmif&u G af ponhf
udpu ö dk jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmf yHrk eS t f pnf;ta0; usi;f ycsed jf zpfvQif
,if;tpnf;ta0;odjYk zpfap? jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf yHrk eS t f pnf;ta0;
usi;f ycsed rf [kwv f Qif jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf ta&;ay:tpnf;ta0;
ac:,lapíjzpfap tpD&ifcw H ifjy&rnf?
218
(c) wyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyu f ¤if;tm;ay;tyfxm;onfh wm0efudk
Ny;D ajrmufatmif aqmif&u G jf cif; rjyKEidk af o;ojzifh owfrw S t f csed u f mv
wk;d jri§ afh y;&ef tusKd ;taMumif;azmfjyvsuf wifjyvmygu trsK;d om;
umuG,af &;ESifh vkNH cKaH &;aumifpED iS fh n§Ed idI ;f Ny;D omreftm;jzifh wpfBurd v f Qif
ajcmufvtxd ESpBf urd w f ;dk jri§ afh y;Ekid o f nf/ ,if;okYd wk;d jri§ afh y;onhu f pd u ö dk
jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmf ta&;ay:tpnf;ta0; ac:,lapí tpD&ifcH
wifjy&rnf/
13/ Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf wyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyu f ¤if;tm;ay;tyf
xm;onhw f m0efudk Ny;D ajrmufatmifaqmif&u G Nf y;D pD;aMumif; wifjyvmonht f cg
jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfoufwrf; rukeq f ;kH ao;ygu jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf
ta&;ay:tpnf;ta0; ac:,lapí tpD&ifcHwifjyNyD;onhfaeYrSpíjzpfap?
jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf oufwrf;ukeq f ;kH Ny;D jzpfygu wyfrawmfumuG,af &;
OD;pD;csKyx f rH S wifjycsuf vufc&H &So d nhaf eYrpS íjzpfap tyk'd f 9 t& wyfrawmf
umuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyt f m; Ekid if aH wmftmPm vJt T yfaqmif&u G af pcJo
h nht f rdeu Yf dk
trsK;d om;umuG,af &;ESifh vkNH cKaH &;aumifpED iS n fh Ed§ idI ;f Ny;D y,fzsuaf Mumif; aMunm
&rnf/
14/ EkdifiHawmfor®wonf tykd'f 13 t& wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfxHrS
tpD&ifcpH mukd &&So d nht f cg jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfoufwrf; rukeq f ;kH ao;ygu
vTwaf wmftm;vH;k ESifh OD;pD;tzJUG rsm;\ Oya'jyKa&;qkid &f m vkyif ef;rsm;tm; ,m,D
&yfqidk ;f xm;jcif;ukd y,fzsu&f rnf/ xkaYd emuf zJUG pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'yg tkycf sKyaf &;ESifh
w&m;pD&ifa&;qkid &f m tzJUG tpnf;topfrsm;ukd zJUG pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'ESit fh nD
zJUG pnf;wm0efay;tyf&rnf/ ,if;tzJUG tpnf;rsm;onf use&f adS om vTwaf wmf
oufwrf;twGuo f m wm0efxrf;aqmif&rnf/
15/ EkdifiHawmfor®wESifh 'kwd,or®wrsm;onfvnf;aumif;? jynfolYvTwfawmf
Ouú|ESihf trsKd ;om;vTwaf wmf Ouú|wko Yd nfvnf;aumif;? jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf
219
oufwrf;ukeq f ;Hk apumrl zJUG pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'ESit hf nD Ekid if aH wmfor®wtopfEiS hf
'kwd,or®wtopfwkdYukdvnf;aumif;? jynfolUvTwfawmfOuú|topfESifh
trsKd ;om;vTwaf wmfOuú|topfwu Ydk v dk nf;aumif; a&G;cs,w f ifajrm§ ufNy;D onf
txd qufvufwnf&o dS nf/
16/ trsK;d om;umuG,af &;ESihf vkNH cKaH &;aumifpo D nf jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf oufwrf;
ukeq f ;Hk oGm;csed w f iG f wyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyu f ¤if;tm;ay;tyfxm;onfh
wm0efukd Ny;D ajrmufatmifaqmif&u G jf cif; rjyKEikd af o;ojzifh owfrw S t f csed f umv
wdk;jr§ifhay;&ef tusdK;taMumif;azmfjyvsuf wifjyvmygu omreftm;jzifh
wpfBurd v f Qif ajcmufvtxd ESpBf urd f wd;k jri§ ahf y;Edik o f nf/
17/ trsKd ;om;umuG,af &;ESihf vkNH cKaH &;aumifpo D nf Ekid if aH wmfor®wu tyd'k f 8 ESihf
9 t& ta&;ay:tajctaeaMunmí wyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyt f m;
Ekid if aH wmftmPmudk vTt J yfaqmif&u G af ponfu h pd Eö iS hf pyfvsO;f í wyfrawmf
umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfu ¤if;tm;ay;tyfxm;onfhwm0ef NyD;ajrmufatmif
aqmif&u G Nf y;D aMumif;wifjyonfh tpD&ifcpH mudk vufc&H &So d nft h cg tyd'k f 9 t&
wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyftm; EdkifiHawmftmPm vTJtyfaqmif&Guf
apcJo h nft h rdeu Yf kd y,fzsuaf Mumif; aMunm&rnf/
18/ trsKd ;om;umuG,af &;ESiv hf NHk cKaH &;aumifpo D nf -
(u) zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'ESit hf nD vTwaf wmfrsm;zGUJ pnf;jcif; rjyKEidk af o;rD
Oya'jyKa&;? tkycf sKyaf &;ESihf w&m;pD&ifa&;tmPmwku Yd dk usio hf ;Hk aqmif&u G f
onf?
( c ) þzGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;ESit fh nD Ekid if aH wmfor®wtopf
a&G;cs,w f ifajrm§ ufNy;D jynfaxmifpt k qifh tmPmykid t f zGUJ tpnf;rsm;ukd
zGUJ pnf;Ny;D onfh tcsed x f d Ekid if aH wmftmPmrsm;ukd usio hf ;Hk aqmif&u G cf iG fh
&So
d nf/ xko d Ydk usio fh ;Hk aqmif&u G &f mwGif Oya'jyKa&;tmPmukd ud, k wf idk f
usio fh ;Hk aqmif&u G &f rnf/ tkycf sKyaf &;tmPmESihf w&m;pD&ifa&;tmPm
220
rsm;ukd jynfaxmifpt k qif?h wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,ftqifEh iS fh
uk, d yf id k t
f yk cf sKycf iG &f h pD&ifpt k qifrh sm;twGuf oihaf vsmo f nfh tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;
zGUJ pnf;íjzpfap? oihaf vsmo f nfh yk*K¾d vwf pfO;D OD;tm;jzpfap vTt J yfusio hf ;Hk
aqmif&u G af pEkid o f nf/
19/ trsdK;om;umuG,fa&;ESifh vkHNcKHa&;aumifpDonf zGJYpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg
tqifq h ifah om tmPmykid t f zGUJ tpnf;rsm;? uk, d yf idk t f yk cf sKycf iG &hf wkid ;f OD;pD;tzGUJ
okrYd [kwf uk, d yf idk t f yk cf sKycf iG &hf a'oOD;pD;tzGUJ rsm;ESihf jynfaxmifpak &G;aumufyJG
aumfr&SifwkdYukd zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'wGif jy|mef;xm;aom oufqkdif&m
t&nftcsi;f ESihf nDñw G o f nfyh *k K¾d vrf sm;jzifh zGUJ pnf;wm0efay;tyf&rnf/
20/ trsKd ;om;umuG,af &;ESiv hf NHk cKaH &;aumifpo D nf tyk'd f 17 t& trdeu Yf ydk ,fzsuf
aMumif; aMunmonhfaeYrSpí ajcmufvtwGif; zJGUpnf;yHktajccHOya'yg
jy|mef;csurf sm;ESit fh nD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usi;f yay;&rnf/
21/ tyk'd f 19 t& zJUG pnf;xm;onhf tzJUG tpnf;rsm;onf taxGaxGa&G;aumufyrGJ sm;
usi;f yNy;D zJUG pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'ESit fh nD zJUG pnf;onfh Oya'jyKa&;? tkycf sKyaf &;ESifh
w&m;pD&ifa&;qkid &f m tzJUG tpnf;rsm; zJUG pnf;Ny;D onftxd rdrw d \Ydk vkyif ef;wm0ef
rsm;ukd qufvufaqmif&u G &f rnf/
22/ trsK;d om;umuG,af &;ESihf vkNH cKH a&;aumifpo D nf Ekid if aH wmftmPmrsm;ukd usio hf ;Hk
&mwGif Ekid if aH wmfor®wtrnfjzifh azmfjyaqmif&u G &f rnf/
23/ ta&;ay:tajctae xkwjf yefaMunmxm;pOf umvtwGi;f wGif Ekid if aH wmfor®w
uk, d pf m;jzpfap? wyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyu f Ekid if aH wmftmPmukd usio hf ;kH
aeonfh umvtwGi;f jzpfap? trsKd ;om;umuG,af &;ESihf vkNH cKaH &;aumifpu D
Ekid if aH wmftmPmukd usio hf ;kH aeonhu f mvtwGi;f jzpfap vHNk cKH a&;? wnfNird af &;?
&yf&mG at;csr;f om,ma&;ESifh w&m;Oya'pk;d rk;d a&;wku Yd dk rlvtajctaeokYd tjref
jyefvnfa&muf&adS pjcif;iSm vkt d yfonhf ta&;,laqmif&u G rf jI yKEidk &f ef vkyyf idk cf iG Efh iS hf
wm0efrsm;ay;tyfjcif;cH&onhf tmPmykdiftzJGUtpnf;wpf&yf&yf? ,if;tzJGU
221
tpnf;0ifwpfO;D OD;? e,fbuf0efxrf; tzJUG tpnf;wpf&yf&yf? ,if;tzJUG tpnf;0if
wpfO;D OD;? ppfbufqidk &f m tzJUG tpnf;wpf&yf&yf? ,if;tzJUG tpnf;0ifwpfO;D OD;\
w&m;0ifaqmif&u G cf surf sm;onf twnfjzpfap&rnf/ ,if;w&m;0ifaqmif&u G f
csurf sm;tay: taMumif;jyKvsuf w&m;pJq G cdk iG rfh &Sad p&/
tcef; (12)
zGUJ pnf;ykt
H ajccHOya'jyifqifjcif;tcef;
Chapter (XII)
Amendment of the Constitution

223
tcef; ( 12 )
zGUJ pnf;ykt
H ajccHOya'jyifqifjcif;
1/ þzJUG pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csuw f pf&yf&yfudk jyifqifvydk gu atmufazmfjyyg

owfrw S x f m;aom enf;vrf;twkid ;f aqmif&u G &f rnf -
(u) zJGUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'ukd jyifqif&efwifoGif;aom tqkdjyKcsufukd
Oya'rlMurf;tjzpfjzifh wifoiG ;f &rnf?
( c ) zJUG pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'ukd jyifqif&ef tqkw d ifoiG ;f aom Oya'rlMurf;wGif
tjcm;tqkrd sm; ryg&Sad p&/
2/ zJUG pnf;ykt
H ajccHOya'ukd jyifqif&ef Oya'rlMurf;ukd jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmfwiG f
wifoiG ;f &rnf/
3/ zJUG pnf;yktH ajccHOya'ukd jyifqif&ef Oya'rlMurf;ukd jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf&dS
vTwaf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,f pkpak ygif;\ ESpq f ,f&mckid Ef eI ;f u wifjyvmvQif tqkyd g
jyifqifcsuf Oya'rlMurf;ukd jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmfu vufcaH qG;aEG;&rnf/
4/ (u) csrw S cf NhJ y;D jzpfonfh tajccH&rnfrh rl sm;ESihf tao;pdwt f ajccH&rnfrh rl sm;&Sd
Ekid if aH wmftajccHrrl sm;? Ekid if aH wmfzUGJ pnf;wnfaqmufy?Hk Oya'jyKa&;?
tkycf sKyaf &;ESihf w&m;pD&ifa&;qkid &f m zJUG pnf;rItykid ;f ESihf ta&;ay:umv
qkdif&m jy|mef;csufrsm;tcef;wkdY&Sd jy|mef;csufrsm;ukd jyifqifvkdvQif
jynfaxmifpv k w
T af wmf uk,d pf m;vS,t f m;vk;H \ ckepfq,fih g;&mckid Ef eI ;f
ausmu f jyifqif&ef oabmwlvufcNH y;D aemuf jynfv;Hk uRwq f Eć, H yl GJ
usif;yí qE´rJay;ykdifcGifh&Sdoltm;vkH;\ xuf0ufausmfqE´rJjzifhom
jyifqif&rnf?
( c ) tyk'd f (u) wGif azmfjyxm;onfh jy|mef;csurf sm;rSty tjcm;jy|mef;csuf
rsm;ukd jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmf uk, d pf m;vS,t f m;vk;H \ ckepfq,fih g;
&mckid Ef eI ;f ausmf qE´rjJ zifo h m jyifqif&rnf?
224
(*) tyk'd f (u) yg tcef;rsm;ESiohf ufqidk f tusKH ;0ifrnfyh 'k rf rsm;ukd zJUG pnf;ykH
tajccHOya'rlMurf; a&;qJo G nfth cg xnfo h iG ;f jy|mef;&rnf/
tcef; (13)
Edik if aH wmftvH? txdr;f trSww f q
H yd ?f
oDcsi;f ESiNfh rKd Uawmftcef;
Chapter (XIII)
State Flag, State Seal, National

Anthem and the Capital
225
tcef; ( 13 )
Edik if aH wmftvH? txdr;f trSww
f q
H yd ?f oDcsi;f ESiNfh rKd Uawmf
Edik if aH wmftvHEiS fh pyfvsO;f Ny;D -

1/ Edik if aH wmftvHukd atmufygtwdik ;f owfrw S &f rnf -
Edik if aH wmftvHwiG f t0ga&mif? tpdr;f a&mifEiS fh teDa&mifwu Ykd kd tpOftwdik ;f
txuf? atmuf tvsm;vdu k f tcsK;d nDpmG azmfjyNy;D Mu,fjzLBu;D udk tvHawmf\
tv,fwnhw f nhf tpdr;f a&mifay:wGif t0ga&mif? tpdr;f a&mif? teDa&mif
tm;vk;H ESiq fh ufpyfí txufbufoYkd rwfrwfñeT v f suf wnfap&rnf/
2/ Edik if aH wmftvHEiS pfh yfvsO;f í Oya'jy|mef;&rnf/
Edik if aH wmftxdr;f trSww f qH yd Ef iS fh pyfvsO;f Ny;D -
Edik if aH wmftxdr;f trSww f q H yd o
f nf atmufygtwdik ;f jzpfonf/
Edik if aH wmfocD si;f ESipfh yfvsO;f Ny;D -

Edik if aH wmfocD si;f tjzpf vuf&EdS ikd if aH wmfocD si;f udk owfrw
S o
f nf/
Edik if aH wmf\ NrKd UawmfEiS fh pyfvsO;f Ny;D -

aejynfawmfonf Edik if aH wmf\ NrKd Uawmfjzpfonf/
tcef; (14)
ul;ajymif;a&;umvjy|mef;csurf sm;tcef;
Chapter (XIV)
Transitory Provisions
227
tcef; ( 14 )
ul;ajymif;a&;umvjy|mef;csurf sm;
1/ þzGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'onf jynfv;Hk uRwq f Eć,

H yl wJG iG f qE´raJ y;ydik cf iG &hf odS l
tm;vk;H \ xuf0ufausmaf xmufcH qE´rjJ zifh twnfjyKjy|mef;Ny;D onfah eYrpS í
Edik if aH wmfwpf0ef;vk;H ü tmPmwnfonf/
2/ (u) þzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya' tmPmwnfonfhaeYrSpí jynfaxmifpk
vTwfawmf\ yxrtBudrftpnf;ta0; rusif;yrDumvtwGif;
þzGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;t& jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmfu
aqmif&u G &f ef&o
dS nfrsm;udk Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGUH NzKd ;a&;
aumifpu D Edik if aH wmf\ tcsKyt f jcmtmPmudk qufvufc, H ul sio hf ;Hk í
aqmif&u G &f rnf?
(c) þzJUG pnf;yHt k ajccHOya' tmPmwnfonfah eYü wnf&adS eaom tpd;k &
tzJUG onf þzJUG pnf;yHk tajccHOya't& wm0efay;tyfonhf tpk;d &tzJUG
ray:aygufr?D rdrw d \
Ykd oufqikd &f mwm0efrsm;udk qufvufaqmif&u G f
&rnf/
3/ þzGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya' tmPmwnfonfah eYrwdik rf u D mvwGif þzGUJ pnf;ykH
tajccH O ya'ud k taumif t xnf a zmf a &;twG u f Ed k i f i H a wmf a t;csrf ;
om,ma&;ESizhf UHG NzKd ;a&;aumifpu D BuKd wifaqmif&u G of nfh vkyif ef;&yfrsm;onf
þzGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya't& aqmif&u G o f nf[k rSw, f &l rnf/
4/ jynfaxmifpkor®wjrefrmEdkifiHawmfonf EdkifiHawmfat;csrf;om,ma&;ESifh
zGUH NzKd ;a&;aumifp\ D rl0g'vrf;ñTerf rI sm;? Oya'rsm;? enf;Oya'rsm;? pnf;rsO;f
Oya'rsm;? trdejYf yefwrf;rsm;? aMunmcsurf sm;? aqmif&u G cf surf sm;? wm0efrsm;ESihf
&ydik cf iG rhf sm;udk qufco H nf/
228
5/ wnfqOJ ya'rsm;onf jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmfu y,fzsujf cif;? jyifqifjcif;

rjyKao;rD þzJUG pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'ESihf rqefu Y sio f rQtwnfjzpfonf/
6/ wnfqJenf;Oya'rsm;? pnf;rsOf;Oya'rsm;? pnf;urf;Oya'rsm;? trdefY
aMumfjimpmrsm;? trderYf sm;? ñTeMf um;csurf sm;ESihf vkyxf ;Hk vkyef nf;rsm;ukd jynfaxmifpk
tpk;d &tzJUG u y,fzsujf cif;? jyifqifjcif;rjyKao;rD þzJUG pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'ESihf
rqefu Y sio
f rQ twnfjzpfonf/
7/ þzGUJ pnf;ykt
H ajccHOya' tmPmwnfonfah eYü wnf&adS eaom w&m;½k;H rsm;onf
þzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya't& wnfaxmifonhfw&m;½kH;rsm; ray:aygufrD
qufvufí w&m;pD&ifyikd cf iG t hf mPmrsm; ok;H pJaG qmif&u G &f rnf/ tqdyk gw&m;½k;H
rsm;wGif rNy;D rjywf use&f adS eao;aom w&m;rrIrsm;? jypfrq I ikd &f mtrIrsm;ESihf
tcGeaf wmftrIrsm;udk trIpwifppfaq;pOfu usio fh ;Hk onhf Oya'rsm;ESit fh nD
qufvufppfaq;pD&if&rnf/
8/ þzGUJ pnf;yktH ajccHOya' tmPmpwifwnfonfah eYwiG f Edik if aH wmf at;csr;f
om,ma&;ESihf zGUH NzKd ;a&;aumifpv D ufatmufü zGUJ pnf;xm;&So d nfh wyfrawmf
tygt0if Xmeqkid &f mtzGUJ tpnf;rsm;ü trIxrf;&Guq f jJ zpfMuaom Edik if 0hH efxrf;rsm;
onf jynfaxmifpo k r®wjrefrmEdik if aH wmftpd;k &u tjcm;enf;vrf;jzifh jy|mef;jcif;
rjyKorQ qufvufwnf&adS p&rnf/
tcef; (15)
taxGaxGjy|mef;csurf sm;tcef;
Chapter (XV)
General Provisions
229
tcef; ( 15 )
taxGaxGjy|mef;csurf sm;
1/ þzGpYJ nf;yHt
k ajccHOya'onf Edik if aH wmftwGi;f &Sd Oya'tm;vH;k \ tajccHOya'
jzpfonf/
2/ jrefrmpmonf ½H;k oH;k pmjzpfonf/
3/ EdkifiHawmftajccHrlrsm;onf Oya'jyKvTwfawmfrsm;u Oya'jy|mef;&mwGif
vnf;aumif;? þzGpYJ nf;yHt k ajccHOya'ESihf tjcm;Oya'rsm;yg jy|mef;csurf sm;udk
oufqikd &f mu teuft"dymÜ ,fziG q hf &kd mwGiv
f nf;aumif; vdu k ef m&rnfh vrf;ñTef
rsm;jzpfonf/ Ekid if aH wmfu xkt d ajccHrrl sm;ESit
hf nD tav;*½kjyKaqmif&u G &f rnf/
ok&Yd mwGif xko
d aYdk qmif&uG af p&ef rnfonfw h &m;½k;H wGirf Q w&m;pGqJ cdk iG hf r&Sad p&/
4/ þzGpYJ nf;yHt
k ajccHOya'\ ed'gef;? yk'rf rsm;? yk'rf cGrJ sm;? pum;vH;k pkrsm;? pum;vH;k
wpfv;kH csi;f \ teuft"dymÜ ,f? oabmt,ltqrsm;zGiq hf &kd mü jrefrmpmjzifh
a&;om;xm;csurf sm;tay:wGio f m tajcjyK&rnf/
5/ þzGJYpnf;yHktajccHOya'yg pum;&yfrsm;udk teuft"dyÜm,fzGifhqdk&mwGif
wnfqpJ um;&yfrsm; teuft"dymÜ ,f zGiq
hf akd &;Oya'udk ud;k um;&rnf/
6/ þzGJYpnf;yHktajccHOya' jrefrmpm rlwpfckudk trdsK;om;armfuGef;wdkufwGif
armfueG ;f wifxm;&S&d rnf/ xdpk mrlonf þzGUJ pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'&Sd jy|mef;csurf sm;
twGuf tNy;D tjywf oufaot&mwnfap&rnf/
7/ jynfaxmifpt
k pd;k &onf jynfaxmifptk pd;k &uom vkyu f ikd af qmif&u
G &f ef owfrw S f
xm;aom pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef;wpf&yf&yfukd Edik if aH wmf\ tusKd ;pD;yGm; tvdiYk mS -
(u) wdik ;f a'oBu;D tpd;k &tzGUJ odrYk [kwf jynfe,ftpd;k &tzGUJ udk jynfaxmifpk
230
tpd;k &tzGUJ ESihf zufpyfvyk u
f ikd f aqmif&u G &f efjzpfap? pnf;urf;owfrw
S cf suf
jzifh vkyu
f ikd af qmif&uG &f efjzpfap cGijhf yKEikd o
f nf?
(c) or0g,rtzGt YJ pnf;? pD;yGm;a&;tzGt YJ pnf; odrYk [kwf yk*Kd¾ vwf pfO;D OD;udk
jynfaxmifpktpdk;&tzGJYESifh zufpyfvkyfudkif aqmif&Guf&efjzpfap?
pnf;urf;owfrw S cf sujf zihf vkyu
f ikd af qmif&uG &f efjzpfap cGijhf yKEikd o
f nf/
8/ þzGpYJ nf;yHt k ajccHOya' tmPmrwnfru D mvu jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if aH wmf
tpd;k &ESihf tjcm;Edik if t
H pd;k &wdYk csKyq
f t
kd wnfjzpfcahJ om pmcsKyrf sm;t&aomf
vnf;aumif;? oabmwlncD surf sm;t&aomfvnf;aumif; ay:xGuv f maom
w&m;rQwonfw h m0efrsm;udk tqdyk gtjcm;Edik if u
H vnf; jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if EH iS fh
pyfvsO;f í xm;&St d yfaomy#dnmOfrsm;udk av;pm;ygu jynfaxmifpo k r®w
jrefrmEdik if aH wmfuvnf; av;pm;onf/
9/ (u) þzGpYJ nf;yHtk ajccHOya' tmPmrwnfru D jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if aH wmf
tpd;k &ESihf csKyqf x kd m;&Scd ahJ om y#dnmOfrsm;ESipfh yfvsO;f íjzpfap? wm0efrsm;
ESiphf yfvsO;f íjzpfap jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if aH wmftpd;k &tm; w&m;pGq J kd
Edik af om tcGit hf a&;t& w&m;pJq G &kd ef ay:aygufcvhJ Qif jynfaxmifpt k pd;k &
tm; w&m;pGq J Edk ikd o
f nf?
(c) jynfaxmifpkor®wjrefrmEdkifiHawmfonf jynfaxmifpkor®wjrefrm
Edik if aH wmf\ trnfjzifh w&m;pGq
J Ekd ikd o
f nf/ xdek nf;wlyif w&m;pGq
J jkd cif;udk
cHEikd o f nf/
Edik if aH wmfzUJG pnf;yHk tajccHOya'qdik &f mcH½k ;kH zGUJ pnf;jcif;
10/ Edik if aH wmfzUJG pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'qdik &f mcH½k ;kH ukd Ouú|tygt0if tzGUJ 0if (9) OD;jzifh
zGUJ pnf;&rnf/ Edik if aH wmfor®w? jynfov Yl w T af wmfOuú|ESihf trsK;d om;vTwaf wmf
Ouú|wkYd onf vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;xJujzpfap? vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f
231
r[kwo f rl sm;xJujzpfap atmufazmfjyyg t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESihf jynfph o
kH rl sm;teufrS
tzGUJ 0if (3) OD;pD udk a&G;cs,&f rnf -
(u) touf (50)ESpf jynfNh y;D ol?
(c) toufuefYowfcsufrSty jynfolYvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,ftwGuf
owfrw S xf m;aom t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESijhf ynfph o kH ?l
(*) toufuefo Y wfcsurf t S y jynfaxmifpw k &m;olBu;D csKyEf iS hf jynfaxmifpk
w&m;vTwfawmfcsKyf w&m;olBuD;rsm;twGuf owfrSwfxm;aom
t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESihf jynfph o kH ?l
(C) Edik if aH &;? tkycf sKyaf &;? pD;yGm;a&;? vHNk cKH a&;tjrif&o dS ?l
(i) Edik if aH wmfEiS hf Edik if o
H m;rsm;tay:opöm&So d /l
11/ Edik if aH wmfor®wonf rdrad &G;cs,x f m;onft h zGUJ 0if (3) OD;? jynfov Yl w
T af wmf
Ouú|u a&G;cs,x f m;onfh tzGUJ 0if (3) OD;ESihf trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfOuú|u
a&G;cs,x f m;onfh tzGUJ 0if (3) OD;? pkpak ygif; (9) OD;\ trnfpm&if;ukv d nf;aumif;?
,if;wkt Yd euf zGUJ pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'qdik &f mcH½k ;kH Ouú|tjzpf wm0efay;tyf&ef
tzJUG 0ifwpfO;D \trnfuv dk nf;aumif; jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmfoYkd wifoiG ;f vsuf
oabmwlncD su&f ,l&rnf/
12/ zGUJ pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'qdik &f m cH½k ;kH tzGUJ 0if\ t&nftcsi;f ESihf rjynfph akH Mumif;
txift&Sm; rjyEdik yf gu jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfonf Edik if aH wmfor®wu pkpnf;
trnfpm&if; wifoiG ;f onfyh *k Kd¾vrf sm;tm; zGUJ pnf;yHtk ajccHOya'qdik &f m cH½k ;kH tzGUJ 0if
tjzpf ceft Y yfwm0efay;&ef jiif;y,fciG rhf &Sad p&/
13/ Edik if aH wmfor®wonf zGUJ pnf;yHtk ajccHOya'qdik &f m cH½k ;kH tzGUJ 0iftjzpf ceft
Y yf
wm0efay;&ef jynfaxmifpv k w
T af wmf\ oabmwlncD surf &&So d nfh tzGUJ 0if
ae&mtwGuf trnfpm&if;opfukd zGUJ pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;ESithf nD
jynfaxmifpv k w
T af wmfoYkd xyfrwH ifoiG ;f cGi&hf o
dS nf/
232
14/ Edik if aH wmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf\ oabmwlncD su&f &SNd y;D onfh
Ouú|ESihf tzGUJ 0ifrsm;tm; zGUJ pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'qdik &f mcH½k ;kH Ouú|ESihf tzGUJ 0ifrsm;
tjzpf ceft Y yfwm0efay;&rnf/
15/ zGUJ pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'qdik &f mcH½k ;kH \ oufwrf;onf jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf\
oufwrf;ESihf tnD (5) ESpjf zpfonf/ od&Yk mwGif oufwrf;ukeq f ;kH Ny;D jzpfaomfvnf;
vuf&w dS m0ef xrf;aqmifvsu&f adS om zGUJ pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'qdik &f mcH½k ;kH onf
zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya't& EdkifiHawmfor®wu zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'qdkif&m
cH½k ;kH topf zGUJ pnf;Ny;D onfh tcsed t f xd rdr\ d vkyif ef;wm0efrsm;udk qufvufwm0ef
xrf;aqmif&rnf/
16/ zGUJ pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'qkid &f mcH½k ;kH tzGUJ 0ifwpfO;D onf -
(u) vTwaf wmfwpf&yf&yf\ ud, k pf m;vS,jf zpfvQif zGUJ pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'qdik &f m
cH½k ;kH tzGUJ 0iftjzpf ceft Y yfwm0efay;jcif;cH&onfh aeYrpS í vTwaf wmf
ud, k pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS Ekwx f u G Nf y;D jzpfonf[k rSw, f &l rnf?
( c ) Edik if 0hH efxrf;jzpfvQif zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'qdik &f m ck½H ;Hk tzGUJ 0iftjzpf
ceft Y yfwm0efay;jcif; cH&onfah eYrpS í wnfq0J efxrf; pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;
rsm;ESit hf nD 0efxrf;tjzpfrS tNird ;f pm;,lNy;D jzpfonf[k rSw, f &l rnf?
( * ) EdkifiHa&;ygwDwpfckckü tzGJU0ifjzpfvQif zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'qdkif&m
ck½H ;Hk tzGUJ 0iftjzpf wm0efay;tyfjcif; cH&onfah eYrpS í rdr&d mxl;oufwrf;
twGi;f ,if;ygwDtzGUJ tpnf;\ ygwDvyk if ef;rsm;wGif yg0ifaqmif&u G jf cif;
rjyK&/
17/ zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'qdik &f m ck½H ;Hk tzGUJ 0if wpfO;D OD;onf &mxl;oufwrf; rukeq f ;Hk rD
taMumif;wpfcck ak Mumifh rdro d abmqE´tavsmuf &mxl;rSEw k x f u G vf vkd Qif
xdo k EYkd w
k x f u G v
f akd Mumif; Edik if aH wmfor®wxHpmjzifw h ifjyNy;D &mxl;rS Ekwx f u G f
Edik o f nf/
233
18/ taMumif;wpfcck ak Mumifh zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'qdik &f m ck½H ;Hk tzGUJ 0if&mxl;ae&m
vpfvyfvQif Edik if aH wmfor®wonf zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;ESit hf nD
zGUJ pnf;yktH ajccHOya'qdik &f m ck½H ;Hk tzGUJ 0iftopftm; ceft Y yfwm0efay;Edik o f nf/
zGUJ pnf;yktH ajccHOya'qdik &f m ck½H ;Hk tzGUJ 0ifrsm;tm; pGypf jGJ ypfwifjcif;
19/ (u) zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'qdik &f m ck½H ;Hk tzGUJ 0ifwpfO;D OD;tm; atmufygtaMumif;
wpf&yf&yfjzifh pGypf jJG ypfwifEikd o f nf -
usL;vGejf cif;?
(4) zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'wGif owfrw S x f m;onfh zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccH
Oya'qdik &f m ck½H ;Hk tzGUJ 0if\ t&nftcsi;f ysu, f iG ;f jcif;?
(5) Oya't& ay;tyfaomwm0efrsm;ukd ausyeG pf mG raqmif&u G jf cif;/
( c ) zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'qdik &f m ck½H ;Hk tzGUJ 0ifwpfO;D OD;tay: pGypf jJGypfwifvykd gu
jynfaxmifpw k &m;olBu;D csKyf odrYk [kwf jynfaxmifpw k &m;vTwaf wmfcsKyf
w&m;olBu;D wpfO;D OD;tm; pGypf jJG ypfwifjcif;ESiphf yfvsO;f í zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccH
Oya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;ESit hf nD aqmif&u G &f rnf/
zGUJ pnf;ykt
H ajccHOya'qdik &f mck½H ;Hk \ vkyif ef;wm0efrsm;
20/ zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'qdik &f mck½H ;Hk \ vkyif ef;wm0efrsm;rSm atmufygtwdik ;f jzpfonf-
(u) Edik if aH wmfzUJG pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;udk teuft"dymÜ ,f
zGiq hf jkd cif;?
( c ) jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf? wdik ;f a'oBu;D vTwaf wmf? jynfe,fvw T af wmf
odrYk [kwf ud, k yf ikd tf yk cf sKycf iG &hf pD&ifpOk ;D pD;tzGUJ u jy|mef;onfOh ya'rsm;
onf Edik if aH wmfzUJG pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'ESihf nDñw G jf cif; &S-d r&Sd pdppfjcif;?
234
(*) jynfaxmifp?k wdik ;f a'oBu;D rsm;? jynfe,frsm;ESihf ud, k yf ikd tf yk cf sKycf iG &hf
pD&ifprk sm;\ tkycf sKyrf q I ikd &f m tmPmydik rf sm;\ aqmif&u G cf surf sm;onf
Edik if aH wmfzUJG pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'ESihf nDñw G jf cif; &S-d r&Sd pdppfjcif;?
(C) jynfaxmifpEk iS hf wdik ;f a'oBu;D tMum;? jynfaxmifpEk iS hf jynfe,ftMum;?
wkid ;f a'oBu;D ESihf jynfe,ftMum;? wdik ;f a'oBu;D tcsi;f csi;f ? jynfe,f
tcsi;f csi;f ? wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fEiS hf ud, k yf ikd tf yk cf sKycf iG &hf
pD&ifpt k Mum;? ud, k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKycf iG &fh pD&ifpt
k csi;f csi;f jzpfay:onfh Edik if aH wmf
zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'qdik &f m tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;udk qk;H jzwfjcif;?
( i ) wdik ;f a'oBu;D ? jynfe,f odrYk [kwf ud, k yf ikd t f yk cf sKycf iG &fh pD&ifpw k u Ykd
jynfaxmifpOk ya'udk taumiftxnfazmf aqmif&u G &f mwGif jynfaxmifpk
ESihf wdik ;f a'oBu;D ? jynfe,f odrYk [kwf ud, k yf ikd tf yk cf sKycf iG &hf pD&ifpw k \ Ykd
tcGit hf a&;ESihf wm0efrsm;ESiphf yfvsO;f í ay:aygufonfh tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;udk
qk;H jzwfjcif;?
( p ) jynfaxmifpek ,fajrrsm;ESiphf yfvsO;f í Ekid if aH wmfor®wu taMumif;Mum;
vmonfu h pd &ö yfrsm;ukd pdppfq;Hk jzwfjcif;?
(q) jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmfu jy|mef;onfOh ya'rsm;u ay;tyfonfh vkyif ef;
wm0efrsm;/
21/ w&m;½kH;wpf½kH;onf trIwpfrIudkppfaq;pD&if&mwGif Oya'wpf&yf&yfyg
jy|mef;csufonf zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'ESifh qefYusifrI&Sd-r&Sd? nDñGwfrI&Sd-r&Sd
tjiif;yGm;rI ay:aygufygu xdktjiif;yGm;rIESifhpyfvsOf;í zGJUpnf;ykHtajccH
Oya'qdik &f mck½H ;Hk uvnf; wpfpw Hk pf&m qk;H jzwfcsucf srw S xf m;jcif; r&Sad o;vQif
tqdyk gw&m;½k;H onf trIppfaq;pD&ifjcif;udk &yfqikd ;f xm;Ny;D rdr\ d xifjrifcsuu f kd
owfrw S xf m;onfh enf;vrf;rsm;ESit hf nD zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'qdik &f mck½H ;Hk odYk
wifjyí tqk;H tjzwf&,l&rnf/ ,if;tjiif;yGm;rIEiS hf pyfvsO;f í zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccH
Oya'qdik &f m ck½H ;Hk \ qk;H jzwfcsuo f nf trItm;vk;H ESihf oufqidk af p&rnf/
235
22/ zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'qdik &f m ck½H Hk;\qk;H jzwfcsuo f nf tNy;D tjywf twnfjzpfonf/
23/ zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'qdik &f m ck½H k;H \t"dymÜ ,fziG q hf ckd su?f qk;H jzwfcsu?f oabmxm;
&,l&efupd rö sm;udk atmufazmfjyygyk*Kd¾ vrf sm;onf zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'qdik &f m
ck½H ;Hk odYk wdu k ½f ukd w f ifoiG ;f cGi&hf o dS nf -
(u) Edik if aH wmfor®w?
( c ) jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmfem,u?
( * ) jynfoUl vTwaf wmfOuú|?
(C) trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfOuú|?
( i ) jynfaxmifpw k &m;olBu;D csKy?f
( p ) jynfaxmifpak &G;aumufyaJG umfr&SiOf uú|/
24/ atmufygyk*Kd¾vf odrYk [kwf tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;onf zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'qdik &f m ck½H ;Hk \
t"dymÜ ,fziG q hf ckd su?f qk;H jzwfcsu?f oabmxm;&,l&efupd rö sm;udk owfrw S xf m;aom
enf;vrf;rsm;ESit hf nD zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'qdik &f m ck½H ;Hk odYk wifoiG ;f cGi&hf o dS nf -
(u) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKy?f
( c ) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfOuú|?
( * ) ud, k yf ikd tf yk cf sKycf iG &hf pD&ifpOk ;D pD;tzGUJ Ouú|?
(C) jynfoUl vTwaf wmf odrYk [kwf trsKd ;om;vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,tf m;vk;H \
tenf;qk;H 10 &mcdik Ef eI ;f ta&twGu&f adS om ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;/
25/ zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'qdik &f m ck½H ;Hk \ zGUJ pnf;rI? qufo, G rf ?I ck½H ;Hk Ouú|ESihf tzGUJ 0ifrsm;\
wm0efrsm;? vkyyf ikd cf iG rhf sm;? &ydik cf iG rhf sm; ponfwu Ykd kd Oya'jy|mef;í owfrw S &f rnf/
26/ zGUJ pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'qdik &f m cH½k ;kH Ouú|ESihf tzGUJ 0ifrsm;\wm0efrsm;? vkyyf ikd cf iG rhf sm;ESihf
&ydik cf iG rhf sm;udk Oya'jzifh jy|mef;onft h cg rDjS irf;jyKEikd af &;twGuf cH½k kH;Ouú|udk 'kw, d
or®wtqifh owfrw S o f nf/ cH½k k;H tzGUJ 0ifukd jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D tqifh owfrw S f
onf/
tcef; (1)
Edik if aH wmftajccHrrl sm;tcef;
Chapter ( I )
Chapter (I)
In connection with the State, it is laid down that -

(1) (a) Myanmar Naing-Ngan is a sovereign, independent nation;
(b) the State shall be known as Pyidaungsu Thamada Myanmar Naing-Ngan Daw;
(c) the State is a nation wherein various national races make their homes together;
(d) sovereign power of the State is derived from the citizens and is in force in the
whole country;
(e) the territorial boundary of the State is as it is on the day this State Constitution
comes into force.
In connection with the aims and objectives of the State, it is laid down that -
(2) the State is consistently aimed at -
(a) non-disintegration of the Union,
(b) non-disintegration of national solidarity,
(c) perpetuation of sovereignty,
(d) flourishing of a discipline-flourishing genuine multiparty democracy,
(e) further burgeoning of the noblest and worthiest of worldly values namely justice,
liberty and equality in the State,
(f) for the Tatmadaw to be able to participate in the national political leadership role
of the State.
2
In connection with multiparty democracy, it is stipulated that -
(3) - the State practises discipline-flourishing genuine multiparty democracy.
In connection with State structure, it is laid down that -
(4) (a) the Union is constituted by Pyidaungsu (Union) systems;
(b) the existing seven divisions are designated seven regions and the existing seven
states are designated seven states. Those seven regions and seven states are of
equal status and authority;
(c) the names of those seven regions and seven states are retained as they are at
present;
(d) if it is desired to change the name of a region or a state, it shall be done so with
enactment of law after ascertaining the wishes of citizens residing in the region or
state concerned;
(e) no part of the territory of the Union, namely, regions, states and self-administered
areas etc., shall ever secede from the Union.
In connection with separation and distribution of sovereign State power, it is laid
down that -
(5) (a) the three branches of State power, namely legislative power, executive power and
judicial power are separated as much as possible and exert reciprocal control,
check and balance among themselves;

3
(b) the three branches of State power, so separated are distributed among Pyidaungsu
(Union), regions, states and self- administered areas.
In connection with legislature, it is laid down that -
(6) (a) the legislative power of the State is distributed among Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, Region
Hluttaws and State Hluttaws; legislative power stipulated by the State Constitution
shall be distributed to self- administered areas;
(b) Pyidaungsu Hluttaw consists of two Hluttaws _ one Hluttaw elected on the basis
of township as well as on the basis of population and the other one with equal
number of representatives elected from regions and states;
(c) there will be a Region Hluttaw in each of the seven regions and a State Hluttaw in
each of the seven states;
(d) Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, Region Hluttaws and State Hluttaws include Tatmadaw
servicemen Hluttaw representatives nominated as such by the Defence Services
Commander-in-Chief in numbers stipulated by the State Constitution;
(e) for national races with appropriate sizes of population, national race representatives
are to be permitted to participate in legislatures of regions, states or self-
administered areas concerned.
In connection with executive branch, it is laid down that -
(7) (a) the head of executive of the State is the President of the State;
(b) the executive power of the State is distributed among the administrative organs of
4
Pyidaungsu, regions and states; self- administrative power shall be distributed to
self-administered areas as stipulated by the State Constitution;
(c) Pyidaungsu, regions, states, self-administered areas and district’ executive organs
include Tatmadaw servicemen nominated by Defence Services Commander-in-
Chief to undertake responsibilities of the defence, security, border administration
etc.
(d) for national races of which representatives are so permitted to participate in
legislatures of regions, states or self-administered areas in accord with above
paragraph (6) sub-paragraph (e), representatives are to be permitted to participate,
mainly to undertake their national race affairs, in administration of respective region,
state or self-administered area:
In connection with the judiciary, it is laid down that -
(8) (a) the judicial power of the State is distributed among Supreme Court of the Union
(Supreme Court), Region Taya Hluttaw (Region High Court), State Taya Hluttaw
(State High Court) and law courts of different levels including law courts of self-
administered areas:
(b) in the Pyidaungsu is constituted one Supreme Court of the Union. Supreme Court
of the Union is the supreme law court of the State;
(c) Supreme Court of the Union has powers to issue writs;
(d) a Region Taya Hluttaw is constituted in each of the regions and a State Taya
5
Hluttaw is constituted in each of the states;
(e) the following are stipulated as judicial principles _
- independent administration of justice in accord with law;
- administration of justice in public except where restricted by law;
- giving of right of defence and right of appeal by law in cases.
In connection with the Tatmadaw, it is laid down that -
(9) (a) the Tatmadaw is strong, modern and must be the sole existing Tatmadaw;
(b) the Tatmadaw has the right to independently administer all affairs concerning the
forces;
(c) the Defence Services Commander-in-Chief is the Supreme Commander of all
armed forces;
(d) the Tatmadaw has the right to administer for participation of the entire people in
State security and defence;
(e) the Tatmadaw is mainly responsible for safeguarding non-disintegration of the Union,
non-disintegration of national solidarity and perpetuation of sovereignty;
(f) the Tatmadaw is mainly responsible for safeguarding the State Constitution.
6
In connection with citizens and citizens’ fundamental rights and responsibilities, it
is laid down that -
(10)(a) every citizen shall enjoy rights of equality, rights of liberty and rights of justice etc.
as prescribed in the State Constitution;
(b) there shall be no right to hold a citizen in detention for more than 24 hours without
the permission of a law court;
(c) public peace and tranquillity and prevalence of law and order is the responsibility
of every citizen;
(d) necessary law shall be enacted to make citizens’ freedoms, rights, benefits,
responsibilities and restrictions effective, firm and complete.
In connection with the national races, it is laid down that -
(11)(a) the State shall help develop language, literature, fine arts and culture of the national
races;
(b) the State shall help promote solidarity, mutual amity, and respect and mutual help
among the national races;
(c) the State shall help promote socio-economic development including education,
health, economy, transport and communications of less developed national races.
In connection with the peasantry, it is laid down that -
(12)(a) the State shall enact necessary laws to protect the rights of the peasantry:
7
(b) the State shall help the peasantry get equitable value for their agricultural produce.
In connection with workers, it is laid down that -
(13) the State shall enact necessary laws to protect the rights of workers.
In connection with intellectuals and intelligentsia, it is laid down that -
(14) the State shall help promote the interests of the intellectuals and intelligentsia.
In connection with the State service personnel, it is laid down that -
(15)(a) State service personnel shall be free from party politics;
(b) the State shall enact necessary laws for State service personnel to have due security
in service and sufficiency of food, clothing and shelter, for married women in
service to get maternity benefits, and for welfare to ease livelihood of persons who
have retired from service.
In connection with national culture, it is laid down that -
(16) the State shall help for development, consolidation and preservation of national
culture.
In connection with education and health, it is laid down that -
(17)(a) The State shall earnestly strive to improve education and health of the people;
8
(b) the State shall enact necessary law to enable the national people to participate in
matters of education and health of the people;
(c) the State shall implement free compulsory primary education system,
(d) the State shall implement a modern education system that will promote all- round
correct thoughts and good morals and contribute towards building of the nation.
In connection with agriculture, it is laid down that -
(18) the State shall provide inputs such as technology investments, machinery, raw
materials etc. as much as it can for changeover from manual to mechanized
agriculture.
In connection with industry, it is laid down that -
(19) the State shall provide inputs such as technology investments, machinery, raw
materials etc. as much as it can for development of industries.
In connection with employment, it is laid down that -
(20) the State shall, as much as it can, help reduce unemployment among the people.
In connection with mothers, children, the old and the infirm, it is laid down that -
(21)(a) the State shall care for mothers and children, orphans, fallen Tatmadaw servicemen’s
children, the old and the infirm, and the disabled;

9
(b) the State shall arrange for disabled Tatmadaw servicemen to be able to make a
respectable livelihood and get free vocational training.
In connection with the youths, it is laid down that -
(22) the State shall strive to imbue youths with strong and dynamic patriotic spirit,
correct way of thinking and the five noble strengths.
In connection with religion, it is laid down that -
(23) every citizen is equally entitled to freedom of conscience and the right freely to
profess and practise religion subject to public order, morality or health and to the
other provisions of the State Constitution.
In connection with the economy, it is laid down that -
(24)(a) the State economic system shall be market economic system;
(b) the State permits all economic forces such as the State itself, regional organizations,
cooperative organizations, joint-venture organizations and private concerns etc.
to take part in economic activities for the development of national economy;
(c) the State shall prevent acts that harm public interests through monopolization or
manipulation of prices by an individual or group with intent to jeopardize fair
competition in economic activities;

10
(d) the State shall strive towards uplift of living standard of the people and development
of general investments;
(e) the State will not nationalize economic enterprises;
(f) the State will not demonetize the currency that is legally put into circulation.
In connection with the land, the waters, the atmosphere and natural resources, it
is laid down that -
(25)(a) the State is the ultimate owner of all the land, and natural resources above and
below the ground, above and beneath the water and in the atmosphere within its
territorial boundary;
(b) the State shall enact necessary law to supervise economic forces’ extraction and
utilization of State owned natural resources;
(c) the State shall permit citizens right of private property, right of inheritance, right of
private enterprise, right of initiative and right of patent in accord with law.
In connection with elections, it is laid down that -
(26)(a) every citizen shall have the right to vote and to stand for election according to law;
(b) voters concerned shall have the right, in accord with provisions of the State
Constitution, to recall elected people’s representatives.

11
In connection with political parties, it is laid down that -
(27) the State shall enact necessary laws for systematic formation of political parties for
flourishing discipline-flourishing genuine multiparty democracy.
In connection with state of emergency, it is laid down that -
(28)(a) when there arises a state of emergency characterized by inability to perform executive
functions in accord with provisions of the State Constitution in a region or a state
or a self- administered area, the President of the State is empowered to exercise
executive power in that region, state or self- administered area and if necessary in
doing so, the President of the State is empowered to exercise legislative powers
concerning that region, state or self- administered area in accord with provisions
of the State Constitution;
(b) when there arises or there is sufficient reason to arise a state of emergency
endangering life and property of the people in a region, a state or a self- administered
area, the Tatmadaw has the right, in accord with provisions of the State Constitution,
to prevent that danger and provide protection;
(c) when there arises a state of emergency that could cause disintegration of the Union,
disintegration of national solidarity and loss of national sovereignty, due to acts to
take over of sovereign State power or attempts therefor by wrongful forcible means
12
such as insurgency or violence, the Defence Services Commander- in-Chief has
the right to take over and exercise State power in accord With provisions of the
State Constitution.
In connection with foreign affairs, it is laid down that -
(29)(a) the State practises independent, active and non-aligned foreign policy, aims at
world peace and friendly relations with nations, and upholds the principles of
peaceful co- existence among nations:
(b) the State never starts aggression against any nation;
(c) no foreign troops are permitted to be deployed within the borders of the Union.
In connection with punishments, it is laid down that -
(30)(a) there is no right for any penal law to provide for retrospective effect;
(b) there is no right to prescribe punishments that violate human dignity.
In connection with the natural environment, it is laid down that -
(31) the State shall protect the natural environment.
In connection with general provisions, it is laid down that -
(32) a Constitutional Tribunal shall be set up to interpret provisions of the State
Constitution; to scrutinize whether or not laws enacted by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw,

13
Region Hluttaws and State Hluttaws and functions of executive authorities of
Pyidaungsu, regions, states and self- administered areas are in conformity with the
State Constitution to hear and decide on disputes in connection with the State
Constitution between Pyidaungsu and regions, between Pyidaungsu and states,
between regions and states, among regions and states and between regions or
states and self-administered areas and among self-administered areas themselves
and to perform other duties prescribed in the State Constitution.

tcef; (2)
Edik if aH wmfzUJG pnf;wnfaqmufyt
Hk cef;
Chapter (II)
The State Structure

15
Chapter (II)
The State Structure
(1) The State is constituted by Pyidaungsu (Union) system.
(2) The State is delineated and constituted with the seven regions and seven states as
follows:
- Kachin State
- Kayah State
- Kayin State
- Chin State
- Sagaing Region
- Taninthayi Region
- Bago Region
- Magway Region
- Mandalay Region
- Mon State
- Rakhine State
- Yangon Region
- Shan State
- Ayeyawady Region
- Union territories.
(3) Regions and States are of equal status and authority.

16
(4) If it is desired to change the name of a region or a state, it shall be done so with
enactment of law after ascertaining wishes of the citizens who have the right to vote
and are residing in the region or state concerned.
Designation of Union territories
(5) (a) Nay Pyi Taw, that is the Capital of the Union, is designated as Union territory
placed under direct administration of the President of the Union,
(b) if the need arises to designate areas that have special situation in connection with
national defence, security, administration and economy etc. as Union territories
they may be so designated as Union territories after enacting laws.
(6) Constituting the Union
- Villages are organized into village -tract,
- wards are organized into town or township,
- village-tracts and wards or towns are organized into township,
- townships are organized into district,
- districts are organized into region or state,
- in a self-administered zone townships therein are organized into the self-
administered zone,
- in a self-administered division townships therein are organized into district and
districts are organized into the self-administered division,

17
- if there be self- administered division or self-administered zone in a region or a
state, the self-administered division, self- administered zone and districts are
organized into region or state,
- regions, states and Union territories are organized as the Union.
(7) No part of the territory of the Union, namely regions, states, Union territories and
self- administered areas etc. shall ever secede from the Union.
Re-delineation of the territorial boundary of the Union
(8) (a) If the need arises to re-delineate the territorial boundary of the Union, the President
of the Union shall first inform the leader of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw and ask him to
seek the opinion of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw,
(b) The leader of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, after receiving the intimation of the President
of the Union on re-delineation of the territorial boundary of the Union, shall seek
the opinions of the Hluttaw representatives as follows:
(1) assenting votes of more than half the total number of representatives included
in the Hluttaw with equal numbers of representatives elected from regions and
states,
(2) assenting votes of more than half the total number of representatives included
in the Hluttaw elected on the basis of township and of population,
(3) assenting votes of more than half the number of representatives from the region
or state involving the boundary concerned in the two Hluttaws,

18
(c) the leader of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, after obtaining the assenting votes as mentioned
above, shall inform the President of the Union for re-delineation of the territorial
boundary of the Union,
(d) If any Hluttaw or representatives from the region or state involving the boundary
concerned in the two Hluttaws, following the methods mentioned above, dissent
in connection with the re-delineation of the territorial boundary of the Union, action
shall be taken after obtaining the opinion of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw. If three-
fourths and upwards of the total number of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw representatives
assent, the leader of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall inform the President of the
Union for the re-delineation of the territorial boundary of the Union as necessary,
(e) the President of the Union shall take necessary measures for re-delineation of the
territorial boundary of the Union after obtaining the opinions of the Pyidaungsu
Hluttaw.
Re-delineation of the territorial boundaries of a region or a state

(9) (a) If there arises cause to re-delineate the boundary of a region or a state, first of all
the wishes of persons with voting rights residing in the township involved in the
re-delineation of the boundary shall be sought,
(b) re-delineation of the territorial boundary shall not be effected at all without
supporting vote of more than half the total number of eligible voters residing in the
township involved in the re-delineation of the boundary.
(c) If more than half the total number of eligible voters in the township concerned vote
in support of the re-delineation of the boundary, the wishes of the involved region
or state Hluttaw representatives shall be sought.
19
(d) the President of the Union with the consent of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall
redelineate the territorial boundary of a region or a state after getting the supporting
vote of three-fourths and upwards of the total number of involved region or state
Hluttaw representatives,
(e) the decision of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall be sought if involved region or state
Hluttaw passes a decision against re-delineation of the boundary.
(f) the President of the Union shall re-delineate the boundary of the region or state as
necessary if supported by three-fourths and upwards of the total number of
representatives in the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.
Re-delineation of the boundary, organization and change of name of a village,

village-tract, ward, town, township and district in a region, state, self-administered
division or self-administered zone
(10) If occasion arises to make changes in the boundary, organisation or name of a
village, village-tract, ward, town, township or district in a region, state, self-
administered division or self-administered zone, the region or state executive
authority concerned shall submit recommendations to the President of the Union
and the President of the Union shall then act accordingly.
Change of name of a self-administered division or self-administered zone

(11) If it is desired to change the name of a self-administered division or self-administered
zone, the same method shall be applied with the case of a change of the name of
the region or state.
20
In connection with prescribing of self-administered division or self-administered

zone in accord with these basic principles,
(12) The following detailed basic principles are laid down:
(a) to group together Leshi, Lahe and Namyun townships in Sagaing Division and
prescribe it Naga Self-Administered Zone;
(b) to group together Ywangan and Pindaya townships in Shan State and prescribe it
Danu Self-Administered Zone;
(c) to group together Hopong, Hsihseng and Pinlaung townships in Shan State and
prescribe it Pa-O Self-Administered Zone;
(d) to group together Namhsan and Manton townships in Shan State and prescribe it
Palaung Self-Administered Zone;
(e) to group together Konkyan and Laukkai townships in Shan State and prescribe it
Kokang Self- Administered Zone;
(f) to group together Hopang, Mongmao, Panwai, Nahpam, Pangsang (Pankham)
and Metman townships in Shan State and prescribe it Wa Self-Administered
Division;
tcef; (3)
Edik if aH wmftBu;D tuJtcef;
Chapter (III)
The Head of State

21
Chapter (III)
The Head of State
(1) The Head of State is the President of the Union.
(2) The President of the Union represents the nation.
(3) The President of the Union occupies a position of the highest honour in the whole of
the Union of Myanmar.
Qualifications of the President and Vice-Presidents
(4) (a) The President of the Union shall be loyal to the Union and the citizenry,
(b) The President of the Union must be a citizen of Myanmar who was, and both of
whose parents were, born in the territory under the jurisdiction of the State,
belonging to the nationality of Myanmar,
(c) The elected President of the Union shall be a person who has fully attained the
age of 45.
(d) The President of the Union shall be well acquainted with affairs of State such as
political, administrative, economic and military affairs,
(e) The President of the Union shall be a person who has been residing continuously
in the country for at least 20 years up to the time of the election,
(f) The President of the Union himself, parents, spouse, children and their spouses
shall not owe allegiance to a foreign power, shall not be subject of a foreign
22
power or citizen of a foreign country. They shall not be persons entitled to the
rights and privileges of a subject or citizen of a foreign country,
(g) The President of the Union shall possess specific qualifications required of the
President in addition to qualifications required to stand for election to the Hluttaw.
(h) The Vice-Presidents shall possess qualifications required of the President.
Election of the President and Vice-Presidents
(5) (a) The president of the Union shall be elected by the presidential electoral college.
(b) The presidential electoral college shall be organized with three groups of the
Pyidaungsu Hluttaw representatives as follows :
(1) Group formed with elected Hluttaw representatives in the Hluttaw with equal
numbers of representatives elected from regions and states.
(2) Group formed with elected Hluttaw representatives in the Hluttaw elected on
the basis of population and township.
(3) Group formed with Tatmadaw member Hluttaw representatives nominated
as such by the Commander- in- Chief of the Defence Services for the said
two Hluttaws.
23
(c) Each group shall elect a Vice-President from among Hluttaw representatives or
from among persons who are not Hluttaw representatives,
(d) A body comprising trio leaders and deputy leaders of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw
and the two Hluttaws of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall scrutinize whether or not
the Vice-Presidents possess the qualification prescribed for the President,
(e) The presidential electoral college made up of all the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw
representatives shall elect by vote one of the three Vice-Presidents who are
presidential candidates, as the President of the Union;
(f) Law shall be enacted as required for presidential election.
Term of office of the President or the Vice-Presidents
(6) (a) The term of office of the president or the Vice -Presidents is five years,
(b) After expiry of incumbent term, the President and the Vice- Presidents shall carry
on in office till the time the new President and Vice- Presidents are duly elected,
(c) The President and the Vice-Presidents shall not serve more than two terms,
(d) An interim period to serve as the President or the Vice- President shall not be
counted as one term of office,
(e) If a vacancy is filled for the presidency or Vice-Presidency for any reason, the
term of office of the President or the Vice-President shall be up to the end of the
original term of office.

24
(7) The President or the Vice-Presidents shall not be representatives of any Hluttaw.
(8) If a Hluttaw representative be elected President or Vice-President, this person shall be
deemed to have resigned from his seat in the Hluttaw, and if a service personnel be
elected President or Vice- President, the person shall be deemed to have resigned or
retired from the date of such election.
(9) If a person elected President or Vice-President happens to be member of a political
party, this person shall not participate in party activities of that party organization, from
the date of such election, during the term of office.
In taking oath of office by the President and the Vice - Presidents
(10) the following points are to be included:
- to be loyal to the Union of Myanmar and the citizenry,
- to hold always in esteem non-disintegration of the Union. non-disintegration of
national solidarity and perpetuation of sovereignty,
- to uphold and abide by the State Constitution and to abide by laws of the State.
- to carry out the responsibilities uprightly to the best of one's ability.
- to strive for further flourishing of worldly values such as justice. liberty and equality,
- to solemnly declare and pledge dedication of life and person to the service of the
Union of Myanmar
25
(11)The President or the Vice-Presidents shall exercise responsibilities and rights assigned
and vested by the constitution and other laws.
(12) The President and the Vice-Presidents shall not accept any other office or position of
emolument.
(13) The President and the Vice-Presidents shall furnish lists of assets namely family owned
land, houses, buildings, businesses savings and other valuables stating their values
belonging to the respective families led by them and send them to the leader of the
Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.
(14) The President and the Vice-Presidents shall be entitled to enjoy the emolument and
facilities of office in accord with law. Each shall also be entitled to have a suitable
residence.
(15) Except in the case of removal from office following impeachment, the President and
the Vice- Presidents shall enjoy pension and appropriate allowances on retirement
after expiry of the term of office.
Impeachment of the President or the Vice-President

(16)(a) The President or any Vice-President shall be impeached for one of the following
reasons:
(1) treason,
(2) violation of the provisions in the Constitution.
(3) misconduct,
(4) being disqualified for the Presidency or Vice-Presidency under the Constitution,
(5) inefficient discharge of duties assigned to him in accord with the law.
26
(b) If it is desired to impeach the President or any Vice-President, not less than one
fourth of the total membership of any of the two Hluttaws included in the Pyidaungsu
Hluttaw is to sign a charge and submit it to the leader of the Hluttaw concerned,
(c) Further action shall be taken if not less than two-thirds of the total membership of
the Hluttaw concerned support the charge,
(d) If one Hluttaw supports to take action in connection with the charge, the other
Hluttaw shall investigate the charge or form a body to investigate the charge,
(e) The President or the Vice-President shall have the right to refute the charge
personally or through a representative when it is investigated,
(f) If not less than two-thirds of the total membership of the Hluttaw by which the
charge was investigated or caused to be investigated declares after the investigation
that the charge has been sustained and then decides that the offence, the subject
of the charge, is such as to render the President or the Vice-President unfit to
continue in office, that Hluttaw shall submit it to the leader of the Pyidaungsu
Hluttaw to remove the President or Vice-President from office,
(g) The leader of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall proclaim removal of the President or
Vice-President immediately after the receipt of the intimation.

27
(17) The President or Vice-President shall be allowed to resign from office of his own
volition before the expiry of the term of office.
In connection with the methods to be applied if the post of the President or Vice-
President falls vacant
(18)(a) one of the Vice-Presidents who has won the second highest votes in the presidential
election shall serve as Acting President if the post of the President falls vacant due
to his resignation, death, permanent disability or any other cause.
(b) If a vacancy of the President comes about while the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw is in
session, the Acting President shall promptly inform the leader of the Pyidaungsu
Hluttaw for filling it within seven days.
(c) on receipt of the intimation, the leader of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall move for
electing of a Vice-President by the representatives group which had elected the
Vice-President who later got elected President but now vacated the presidency,
(d) after the representatives group concerned has elected a Vice- President, the
electoral college made up of all the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw representatives shall elect
the President of the Union out of three Vice-Presidents,

28
(e) if the vacancy comes about when the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw is not in session, the
leader of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall summon a Pyidaungsu Hluttaw session
within 21 days from the date of receipt of the intimation from the Acting President
and carry on for filling the vacant presidency in the way stated above.
(f) if the post of a Vice-President falls vacant due to resignation. death, permanent
disability or any other cause while the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw is in session, the President
shall promptly inform the leader of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw to enable the Hluttaw
representatives group which has elected the just vacated Vice-President to elect
a new Vice-President within seven days.
(g) if the vacancy comes about when the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw is not in session the
leader of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall summon the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw session
within 21 days, and carry on for filling the Vice-Presidency by the Hluttaw
representatives group in the prescribed method.

tcef; (4)
Oya'jyKa&;tcef;
Chapter (IV)
Legislature
Oya'jyKa&;qdik &f m zGUJ pnf;rI
29
Chapter (IV)
Legislature
1. In connection with the legislature,
(a) the legislative powers of the State are distributed among Pyidaungsu Hluttaw,
region hluttaws and state hluttaws;
(b) legislative power prescribed by the Constitution is distributed to self- administered
areas.
2. In connection with the two Hluttaws,

(a) the Hluttaw formed with Hluttaw representatives elected on the basis of population
as well as on the basis of township and Tatmadaw member Hluttaw representatives
nominated by the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services shall be known
as Pyithu Hluttaw;
(b) the Hluttaw formed with Hluttaw representatives elected in equal numbers from
regions and states and Tatmadaw member Hluttaw representatives nominated by
the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services shall be known as Amyotha
Hluttaw.
Formation of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw

3. In connection with formation of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw,
Pyidaungsu Hluttaw comprises the following two Hluttaws:
(a) Pyithu Hluttaw formed with Hluttaw representatives elected on the basis of
population as well as on the basis of township and Tatmadaw member Hluttaw
representatives nominated by the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services;
30
(b) Amyotha Hluttaw formed with Hluttaw representatives elected in equal numbers
from regions and states and Tatmadaw member Hluttaw representatives nominated
by the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services.
4. In connection with formation of Pyithu Hluttaw,
“Pyithu Hluttaw shall be formed with a maximum of 440 Hluttaw representatives as
follows:
(a) Not more than 330 Hluttaw representatives elected on the basis of township as
well as on the basis of population from constituencies designated in accord with
the law after combining a newly formed township with one of the suitable townships
adjacent to it if the total number of townships exceeds 330;
(b) Not more than 110 Tatmadaw member Hluttaw representatives nominated in accord
with law by the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services.”
5. In connection with the leaders and the deputy leaders of respective Hluttaws,
– the leader who is to lead in supervising the Hluttaw meeting held for the taking of
oath of office by Hluttaw representatives and electing of Hluttaw okkahta and
deputy okkahta on the day of commencement of the first Hluttaw meeting for each
tenure of a Hluttaw concerned shall be called thabapati; the leader and the deputy
leader of Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall be called nayaka and the deputy nayaka; the
leader and the deputy leader of Pyithu Hluttaw, Amyotha Hluttaw, region hluttaw
or state hluttaw shall be called okkahta and deputy okkahta.

31
6. In connection with election of thabapati of Pyithu Hluttaw,
(a) a Pyithu Hluttaw representative shall be elected as thabapati of Pyithu Hluttaw at
the commencement of the first meeting of Pyithu Hluttaw for each tenure of Pyithu
Hluttaw;
(b) the thabapati shall take the oath of office before the Pyithu Hluttaw;
(c) the thabapati shall supervise the Pyithu Hluttaw meeting till completion of election
of okkahta and deputy okkahta of Pyithu Hluttaw.
7. In connection with election of okkahta and deputy okkahta of Pyith Hluttaw,
(a) in Pyithu Hluttaw,
(1) Pyithu Hluttaw representatives shall elect one okkahta and one deputy okkahta
from amongst Pyithu Hluttaw representatives;
(2) In the event the post of okkahta or deputy okkahta becomes vacant, a
replacement shall be elected at the nearest meeting of Pyithu Hluttaw;
(3) In the event okkahta is unable to perform the duties of okkahta, deputy okkahta
shall temporarily perform the duties of okkahta.
(b) methods for electing okkahta and deputy okkahta of Pyithu Hluttaw shall be
prescribed by law.
32
8. In connection with performance and termination of duties of okkahta and deputy
okkahta of Pyithu Hluttaw,
(a) Okkahta and deputy okkahta of Pyithu Hluttaw shall perform their duties up to the
time before commencement of the first meeting of the next tenure of Pyithu Hluttaw;
(b) Okkahta or deputy okkahta, in the event of resigning from the post, being caused
to cease to be Pyithu Hluttaw representative, having no right to continue to be
Pyithu Hluttaw representative, being withdrawn by Pyithu Hluttaw from duties of
okkahta or deputy okkahta, or passing away, shall have been caused to cease to
be okkahta or deputy okkahta.
9. In connection with responsibilities, rights and privileges of okkahta and deputy

okkahta of Pyithu Hluttaw,
– responsibilities, rights and privileges of okkahta and deputy okkahta of Pyithu
Hluttaw shall be prescribed by law.
10. In connection with the status of okkahta and deputy okkahta of Pyithu Hluttaw,
– Okkahta of Pyithu Hluttaw is prescribed to be of the same status as Vice -
President, and the deputy okkahta is prescribed to be of the same status as Union
Minister, for the purpose of reference in prescribing by law responsibilities, rights
and privileges of okkahta and deputy okkahta of Pyithu Hluttaw.
Formation of Pyithu Hluttaw Committees

11. In Pyithu Hluttaw,
(a) In connection with formation of Pyithu Hluttaw committees,
(1) Pyithu Hluttaw shall form bills committee, public accounts committee, Hluttaw
rights committee, and government’s guarantees, pledges and undertakings
scrutiny committee with Pyithu Hluttaw representatives;
33
(2) In the event occasion arises to have studies made and submitted on defence
and security matters or Tatmadaw affairs, Pyithu Hluttaw shall form the defence
and security committee with Tatmadaw member Pyithu Hluttaw representatives,
prescribing a period of time for it. The defence and security committee so
formed may if necessary co-opt non - Tatmadaw member Pyithu Hluttaw
representatives in accord with requirements at work;
(3) If necessary to have studies made and submitted on legislative affairs, executive
affairs, national races affairs, economic affairs, financial affairs, social affairs,
foreign affairs or other affairs, Hluttaw committees may be formed with Pyithu
Hluttaw representatives, with a period of time prescribed for it;
(4) Pyithu Hluttaw shall prescribe the number of members, duties, rights, privileges
and tenures of Pyithu Hluttaw committees;
(5) for forming a joint committee comprising equal numbers of representatives
from Pyithu Hluttaw and Amyotha Hluttaw, if some matter arises to coordinate
with Amyotha Hluttaw, Pyithu Hluttaw may elect and assign Pyithu Hluttaw
representatives who will serve on that committee. The tenure of the joint
committee shall be up to the time of submitting the report to the Hluttaw
concerned.
(6) In the event both Pyithu Hluttaw and Amyotha Hluttaw have some matter to
study, apart from matters to be handled by committees as in Sub - paragraphs
(1) and (2) mentioned above, okkahtas of these Hluttaws may coordinate
34
between themselves and form a joint committee comprising equal numbers of

representatives from Pyithu Hluttaw and Amyotha Hluttaw. Pyithu Hluttaw
may elect and assign Pyithu Hluttaw representatives to serve on that committee.
The tenure of that joint committee shall be up to the time of submitting the
report to the Hluttaw concerned.
(b) In connection with formation of Pyithu Hluttaw commissions and bodies,
(1) If necessary to study matters other than those studied by Pyithu Hluttaw
Committees, Pyithu Hluttaw may form commissions and bodies with Pyithu
Hluttaw representatives or with inclusion of suitable citizens;
(2) When forming those commissions and bodies, Pyithu Hluttaw shall prescribe
the number of members, duties, rights, privileges and tenures of those
commissions and bodies.
12. In connection with the tenure of Pyithu Hluttaw,

– The tenure of Pyithu Hluttaw is five years from the day of commencement of the
first meeting of that Hluttaw.
13. In connection with formation of Amyotha Hluttaw,

– Amyotha Hluttaw shall be formed with a maximum of 224 Hluttaw representatives,
as follows:
(a) 168 Amyotha Hluttaw representatives elected in equal numbers of 12 from each
region or state inclusive of the respective Union territories, and including one
representative from each self-administered division or self-administered zone;
35
(b) 56 Tatmadaw member Amyotha Hluttaw representatives nominated by the
Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services in accord with law at the rate of four
representatives from each region or state inclusive of the respective Union territories.
(c) In forming the Amyotha Hluttaw in accord with the subparas (a) and (b), the
words “the respective Union territories” mean Union territories designated by this
Constitution and Union territories proclaimed by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw after enacting
laws concerning the matter to elect Amyotha Hluttaw representatives are inclusive
in the State or Division or the Region or State they are included in.
14. In connection with election of thabapati of Amyotha Hluttaw,
(a) an Amyotha Hluttaw representative shall be elected as thabapati of Amyotha Hluttaw
at the commencement of the first meeting of Amyotha Hluttaw for each tenure of
Amyotha Hluttaw;
(b) the thabapati shall take the oath of office before the Amyotha Hluttaw;
(c) the thabapati shall supervise the Amyotha Hluttaw meeting till completion of election
of okkahta and deputy okkahta of Amyotha Hluttaw.

36
15. In connection with election of okkahta and deputy okkahta of Amyotha Hluttaw,
(a) in Amyotha Hluttaw,
(1) Amyotha Hluttaw representatives shall elect one okkahta and one deputy
okkahta from amongst Amyotha Hluttaw representatives;
replacement shall be elected at the nearest meeting of Amyotha Hluttaw;
(3) In the event okkahta is unable to perform the duties of okkahta, deputy
okkahta shall temporarily perform the duties of okkahta.
(b) methods for electing okkahta and deputy okkahta of Amyotha Hluttaw shall be
prescribed by law.
okkahta of Amyotha Hluttaw,
(a) Okkahta and deputy okkahta of Amyotha Hluttaw shall perform their duties up to
the time before commencement of the first meeting of the next tenure of Amyotha
Hluttaw;
to cease to be Amyotha Hluttaw representative, having no right to continue to be
Amyotha Hluttaw representative, being withdrawn by Amyotha Hluttaw from duties
of okkahta or deputy okkahta, or passing away, shall have been caused to cease
to be okkahta or deputy okkahta.

37
17. In connection with responsibilities, rights and privileges, of okkahta and deputy
okkahta of Amyotha Hluttaw,
– responsibilities, rights and privileges of okkahta and deputy
okkahta of Amyotha Hluttaw shall be prescribed by law.
18. In connection with the status of okkahta and deputy okkahta of Amyotha
Hluttaw,
– Okkahta of Amyotha Hluttaw is prescribed to be of the same status as Vice -
President, and the deputy okkahta is prescribed to be of the same status as Union
Minister, for the purpose of reference in prescribing by law responsibilities, rights
and privileges of okkahta and deputy okkahta of Amyotha Hluttaw.
19. In connection with formation of Amyotha Hluttaw committees,

(a) Amyotha Hluttaw shall form bills committee, public accounts committee, Hluttaw
rights committee, and government’s guarantees, pledges and undertakings scrutiny
committee with Amyotha Hluttaw representatives;
(b) In the event occasion arises to have studies made and submitted on defence and
security matters or Tatmadaw affairs, Amyotha Hluttaw shall form the defence
and security committee with Tatmadaw member Amyotha Hluttaw representatives,
prescribing a period of time for it. The defence and security committee so formed
may if necessary co-opt non-Tatmadaw member Amyotha Hluttaw representatives
in accord with requirements at work;
(c) If necessary to have studies made and submitted on legislative affairs, executive
affairs, national races affairs, economic affairs, financial affairs, social affairs, foreign
affairs or other affairs, Hluttaw committees may be formed with Amyotha Hluttaw
representatives, with a period of time prescribed for it;
38
(d) Amyotha Hluttaw shall prescribe the number of members, duties, rights, privileges
and tenures of Amyotha Hluttaw committees;
(e) For forming a joint committee comprising equal numbers of representatives from
Amyotha Hluttaw and Pyithu Hluttaw, if some matter arises to coordinate with
Pyithu Hluttaw, Amyotha Hluttaw may elect and assign Amyotha Hluttaw
representatives who will serve on that committee. The tenure of the joint committee
shall be up to the time of submitting the report to the Hluttaw concerned;
(f) In the event both Amyotha Hluttaw and Pyithu Hluttaw have some matter to study,
apart from matters to be handled by committees as in Sub-paragraphs (a) and (b)
mentioned above, okkahtas of these Hluttaws may coordinate between themselves
and form a joint committee comprising equal numbers of representatives from
Amyotha Hluttaw and Pyithu Hluttaw. Amyotha Hluttaw may elect and assign
Amyotha Hluttaw representatives to serve on that committee. The tenure of that
joint committee shall be up to the time of submitting the report to the Hluttaw
concerned.
20. In connection with formation of Amyotha Hluttaw commissions and bodies,
(a) If necessary to study matters other than those studied by Amyotha Hluttaw
committees, Amyotha Hluttaw may form commissions and bodies with Amyotha
Hluttaw representatives or with inclusion of suitable citizens;

39
(b) When forming those commissions and bodies, Amyotha Hluttaw shall prescribe
the number of members, duties, rights, privileges and tenures of those
commissions and bodies.
21. In connection with the tenure of Amyotha Hluttaw,

– The tenure of Amyotha Hluttaw is the same as that of Pyithu Hluttaw. The tenure
of Amyotha Hluttaw expires on the day that of Pyithu Hluttaw expires.
Performance of duties by the nayaka and deputy nayaka of Pyidaungsu Hluttaw
22. In connection with performance of duties by the nayaka and deputy nayaka of
Pyidaungsu Hluttaw,
(a) The okkahta and deputy okkahta of Amyotha Hluttaw shall serve also as the
nayaka and deputy nayaka of Pyidaungsu Hluttaw from the day the tenure of
office the Pyithu Hluttaw commences up to the end of 30 months. The okkahta
and deputy okkahta of Pyithu Hluttaw shall serve also as nayaka and deputy
nayaka of Pyidaungsu Hluttaw for the remaining tenure of office;
(b) In the event the nayaka of Pyidaungsu Hluttaw is unable to perform the duties of
nayaka, the deputy nayaka shall temporarily perform the duties of the nayaka.
23. In connection with formation of the Region Hluttaw or State Hluttaw,
Region or State Hluttaw shall be formed as follows:
(a) In Regions or States, Region or State Hluttaw representatives - two elected from
each township;
40
(b) In Regions, Region Hluttaw representatives— one elected from each national
race decided by the authorities concerned as having population which constitutes
0.1 percent of the population of the State, of the remaining national races other
than those who have already got the respective Region or as self-administered
area in that region;
(c) In State, State Hluttaw representatives- one elected from each national race
decided by the authorities concerned as having population which constitutes 0.1
percent of the population of the State, of the remaining national races other than
those who have already got the respective State or a self - administered area in
that state;
(d) Region or State Tatmadaw member Hluttaw representatives nominated by the
Commander - in - Chief of Defence Services in a number equal to one - third of
the total number of Hluttaw representatives elected under subpara-graphs (a) and
(b) or (a) and (c).
24. In connection with election of the thabapati of Region or State Hluttaw,
(a) A Region or State Hluttaw representative shall be elected as thabapati of Region
or State Hluttaw at the commencement of the first meeting of Region or State
Hluttaw for each tenure of Region or State Hluttaw;
(b) The thabapati shall take the oath of office before the Region or State Hluttaw;
41
(c) The thabapati shall supervise the Region or State Hluttaw meeting till completion
of election of okkahta and deputy okkahta of Region or State Hluttaw.
25. In connection with election of okkahta and deputy okkahta of Region or State
Hluttaw,
(a) in Region or State Hluttaw,
(1) Region or State Hluttaw representatives shall elect one okkahta and one deputy
okkahta from amongst Region or State Hluttaw representatives;
replacement shall be elected at the nearest meeting of the Hluttaw;
(3) In the event okkahta is unable to perform the duties of okkahta, deputy okkahta
shall temporarily perform the duties of okkahta.
(b) methods for electing okkahta and deputy okkahta of Region or State Hluttaw
shall be prescribed by law.
okkahta of Region or State Hluttaw;
(a) Okkahta and deputy okkahta of Region or State Hluttaw shall perform their duties
up to the time before commencement of the first meeting of the next tenure of
Region or State Hluttaw;
to cease to be Region or State Hluttaw representative, having no right to continue
to be Region or State Hluttaw representative, being withdrawn by Region or State
42
Hluttaw from duties of okkahta or deputy okkahta, or passing away, shall have
been caused to cease to be okkahta or deputy okkahta.
27. In connection with responsibilities, rights and privileges of okkahta and deputy
okkahta of Region or State Hluttaw, - responsibilities, rights and privileges of
okkahta and deputy okkahta of Region or State Hluttaw shall be prescribed
by law.
28. In connection with the status of okkahta and deputy okkahta of Region or
State Hluttaw,
Okkahta of Region or State Hluttaw is prescribed to be of the same status as Union
Minister and the deputy okkahta is prescribed to be of the same status as Region or State
Minister, for the purpose of reference in prescribing by law responsibilities, rights and
privileges of okkahta and deputy okkahta of Region or State Hluttaw.
29. In connection with formation of Region or State Hluttaw committees and bodies,
(a) The Region or State Hluttaw may, if and when necessary, form committees and
bodies with the Region or State Hluttaw representatives concerned to study and
report on legislative affairs and national races affairs entrusted by the Constitution;
43
(b) The Region or State Hluttaw may include suitable citizens in the committees and
bodies;
(c) When forming committees and bodies, Region or State Hluttaw shall prescribe
the number of members, duties, rights, privileges and tenure of those committees
or bodies.
30. In connection with the tenure of Region or State Hluttaw,
– The tenure of Region or State Hluttaw is the same as that of Pyithu Hluttaw. The
tenure of Region or State Hluttaw expires on the day that of Pyithu Hluttaw expires.
31. In connection with duties, rights and privileges of Pyithu Hluttaw, Amyotha
Hluttaw and Region or State Hluttaw representatives,
– duties, rights and privileges of Pyithu Hluttaw, Amyotha Hluttaw and Region or
State Hluttaw representatives shall be prescribed by law.
32. In connection with prescribing of the qualifications of the Pyithu Hluttaw
representatives,
– Persons who possess the following qualifications have the right to stand for election
as Pyithu Hluttaw representatives:
(a) having attained the age of 25 years;
(b) being a citizen born of parents both of whom are also citizens;
44
(c) having settled in the Union of Myanmar for at least 10 consecutive years up to the
time of being elected Pyithu Hluttaw representative;
Exception—‘The period of staying abroad with the permission of the government
shall be deemed to have settled in the Union.
(d) possessing qualifications prescribed in the election law.
33. In connection with those who have no right to stand for election as Pyithu
The following persons shall not have the right to stand for election as Pyithu Hluttaw
representatives:
(a) person serving prison term, having been convicted by the court concerned for
having committed an offence;
(b) person still within the period the authorities have prescribed that he or she has no
right to be elected as Pyithu Hluttaw representative for having been punished for a
commitment of offence that makes him or her lose qualifications required of a
Pyithu Hluttaw representative before or after the State Constitution comes into
force;
(c) persons adjudged to be of unsound mind as provided for in the relevant law;
(d) person who has not yet been cleared from being declared destitute;
45
(e) person owing allegiance to a foreign government, or a subject of a foreign
government or a citizen of a foreign country;
(f) person who is entitled to rights and privileges of a subject of a foreign government,
or a citizen of a foreign country;
(g) person who obtains and makes use or member of an organization that obtains and
makes use of money, land, housing, building, vehicle, property etc. directly or
indirectly from a foreign country’s government, or religious organization or other
organizations;
(h) person who commits or abets or member of an organization that commits or abets
acts of inciting, making speeches or issuing declarations to vote or not to vote
misusing religion for political purpose;
(i) members of a religious order;
(j) civil service personnel;
proviso: The expression shall not apply to Tatmadaw member Hluttaw representatives.
(k) person who obtains and makes use or member of an organization that obtains and
makes use of State funds, land, housing, buildings, vehicles or property directly or
indirectly;
proviso: (1) The expression ‘State funds’ does not apply to pension or allowances officially
granted by the State for services rendered for the benefit of the State.
46
(2) The expression ‘land, housing, buildings, vehicles and property belonging to
the State’ does not apply to State-owned land, housing, buildings and
apartments, other buildings and apartments, State-owned air-craft, trains,
vessels and motorcars and property etc. which have been permitted by the
State to be used under an existing law or as required by duty or leased from
the State on payment;
(l) person still within the period the authorities have prescribed that he or she has no
right to be elected as Pyithu Hluttaw representative for commission of an unlawful act
or for failure to act in conformity under the election law making him or her lose
qualifications required of a Pyithu Hluttaw representative before or after the State
Constitution comes into force.
Qualifications of Tatmadaw member Pyithu Hluttaw representatives
34. In connection with qualifications of Tatmadaw member Pyithu Hluttaw
representatives,
Tatmadaw members nominated by the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services
as Pyithu Hluttaw representatives in accord with law shall possess qualifications
prescribed for Pyithu Hluttaw representatives.
Qualifications of Amyotha Hluttaw representatives
35. In connection with qualifications of Amyotha Hluttaw representatives,
– Amyotha Hluttaw representatives

47
(a) shall have completed 30 years of age;
(b) shall possess qualifications to have the right to stand for election as Pyithu
Hluttaw representatives other than the age limit;
(c) shall be subject to provisions which disqualify a person from standing for
election as Pyithu Hluttaw representatives.
Qualifications of Tatmadaw member Amyotha Hluttaw representatives
36. In connection with the qualifications of Tatmadaw member Amyotha Hluttaw
representatives,
Tatmadaw members nominated by the Commander -in-Chief of the Defence Services
as Amyotha Hluttaw representatives in accord with law shall possess qualifications
prescribed for Amyotha Hluttaw representatives.
Qualifications of the Region or State Hluttaw representatives
37. In connection with qualifications of the Region or State Hluttaw representatives,
Region or State Hluttaw representatives
(a) shall possess qualifications to have the right to stand for election as Pyithu Hluttaw
representatives;
(b) shall be subject to provisions which disqualify a person from standing for election
as Pyithu Hluttaw representatives.

48
Qualifications of Tatmadaw member Region or State Hluttaw representatives
38. In connection with the qualifications of Tatmadaw member Region or State
Tatmadaw members nominated by the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services
as Region or State Hluttaw representatives in accord with law shall possess
qualifications prescribed for the Region or State Hluttaw representatives.

Oya'jyKa&;qkid &f m tmPmcGaJ 0rI

49
1. Concerning Defence and Security of the Union
In the Union Legislative List-
(a)The defence of the Union of Myanmar and of its every part, and to prepare a
defence programme thereof;
(b) Defence and security industries;
(c) Arms and ammunition and explosives including biological and chemical weapons;
(d) Nuclear energy, nuclear fuel and radiation, and mineral resources that produce
them;
(e) Declaration of war and declaration of peace;
(f) Peace and stability of State and the rule of law;
(g) Police Force.
2. Concerning foreign affairs sector
In the Union Legislative List-
(a) diplomats, consular officials and other representatives;
(b) the United Nations;
(c) participation in international, regional and bilateral conferences, seminars, meetings,
associations and other organizations and the implementation of their resolutions;
(d) realization and materialization of international and regional treaties, agreements,
conventions, bilateral agreements and other contracts;
(e) passports, entry visas and certificates of identity;

50
(f) entry into the Union of Myanmar, departure from the country, immigration control
and deportation order;
(g) the extradition of criminals to the home country and request made therefrom.
3. Concerning finance and planning affairs
(A) In the Union Legislative List-
(1) The Union budget,
(2) The Union Fund,
(3) Currency and coinage,
(4) The Central Bank of Myanmar and financial institutions,
(5) Foreign Exchange control,
(6) Capital and money market,
(7) Insurance,
(8) Income tax,
(9) Commercial tax,
(10) Stamp duty,
(11) Customs,
(12) State lottery,
(13) Tax appeal,
(14) Service enterprises of the Union,
(15) Disposal of Union-owned property through sale or rent or other means,

51
(16) Disbursement of loans from the Union funds,
(17) Investment with the Union funds,
(18) Loans borrowed from inside and outside the country,
(19) Acquisitions of the Union,
(20) External financial assistance and aid,
(21) National Plan,
(22) Data collection,
(23) National Archives,
(24) Investment, and,
(25) Inspection of statistics.
(B) In the Region or State Legislative List-
(1) The Region or State Budget,
(2) The Region or State Fund,
(3) Land revenue,
(4) Excise duties (excluding narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances),
(5) Development Affairs revenues such as building and land revenue, water
tax, street light tax, wheel tax,
(6) Service enterprises of the Regions or States,
(7) Disposal of the Region or State-owned property through sale, rent or
other means,
52
(8) Disbursement of loans within the country from the regional or State Fund,
(9) Investment of funds from the Regional or State Fund within the country,
(10) Regional projects,
(11) Small loans enterprise.
4. Concerning economic sector
(1) Economy;
(2) Trade;
(3) Cooperatives;
(4) Corporations, boards, enterprises, companies and partnerships;
(5) Imports and exports, and control of their quality;
(6) Hotels and accommodation; and
(7) Tour business.
(1) Economic activities carried out in a region or state in accord with the law
enacted by the Pyidaungsu;
(2) Trade activities carried out in a region or state in accord with the law
enacted by the Pyidaungsu; and
(3) Cooperative activities carried out in a region or state in accord with the
law enacted by the Pyidaungsu.

53
5. Concerning agriculture and livestock breeding sector
(1) land management,
(2) reclamation of vacant, fallow and virgin lands,
(3) settlement and land records,
(4) survey,
(5) dams, embankments and water supply managed by Pyidaungsu,
(6) meteorology, hydrology and seismic survey,
(7) registration,
(8) mechanized farming,
(9) agricultural research,
(10) chemical fertilizer and insecticide,
(11) marine fisheries,
(12) animal reproduction, disease control and treatment and research.
(1) agriculture,
(2) prevention and control of pests,
(3) proper use of chemical fertilizer and systematic production of inorganic
fertilizer,
(4) agricultural loans and savings,

54
(5) dams, embankments, lakes, ditches and supply of irrigation water, for which
the divisions or states have the right to manage,
(6) freshwater fisheries, and
(7) livestock breeding and keeping of animals systematically in accord with the
law enacted by the Union-
6. Concerning energy, electricity, mining and forestry sector

(1) oil, gas and other liquid and solid products considered dangerously
inflammable according to Pyidaungsu Law;
(2) Union electricity production and distribution;
(3) minerals, mines, safety of mines workers, and environmental conservation
and reconstruction;
(4) gems;
(5) pearl;
(6) forest; and
(7) conservation and protection of wildlife, natural trees and natural areas including
the environment.

(1) small electricity production and distribution industry under the supervision
of the region or the state, except big and medium electricity production and
distribution under the supervision of the Union;
55
(2) salt and salt products;
(3) the cutting and polishing of gem stones in the region or state;
(4) village-owned fuel wood plantations; and
(5) recreation centres, zoological gardens and botanical gardens.
7. Concerning industrial sector
(1) Industries to be undertaken by the Pyidaungsu level;
(2) Industrial Zones;
(3) Standardization and specification of manufactured commodities;
(4) Science and technology and research on science and technology;
(5) Standardization of weights and measures; and
(6) Intellectual properties such as copyrights, patents, trademarks, industrial
designs.
(1) Industries other than those designated to be undertaken by the Pyidaungsu
level; and
(2) Cottage industries.

56
8. Concerning transport, communication and construction sector

(1) Inland Water Transport,
(2) Maintenance of waterways,
(3) Water resources and river systems improvement,
(4) Maritime shipping,
(5) Port terminals,
(6) Lighthouse, lightship and lighthouse facilities,
(7) Shipbuilding, repair and maintenance,
(8) Air transport,
(9) Aviation, flight control and building of airfields,
(10) Road transport,
(11) Railways,
(12) Roads and bridges under the management of Pyidaungsu,
(13) Posts, telecommunications, telephones, fax, e-mail, Internet, Intranet and
similar communication services,
(14) TV, satellite communication, transmission and reception and similar
communication services,
(15) Residences and buildings.

(1) Ports, jetties and pontoons under the management of the Region or State,
(2) Roads and bridges under the management of the Region or State,
57
(3) Systematic movement of the private-owned vehicles within a Region or State.
9. Concerning social sector
(1) Curricula, syllabus, teaching methods, research, and projects and
programmes;
(2) Courses of universities, degree colleges and institutes and other higher
education organizations;
(3) Examinations designated by the Union;
(4) Private schools and courses;
(5) National sports;
(6) National health;
(7) Development of traditional medical science and medicines;
(8) Free hospitals and dispensaries and private hospitals and dispensaries;
(9) Maternal and child welfare;
(10) Red Cross society;
(11) Counterfeiting of food, medicines, medical equipment and cosmetics and
mixing them with other ingredients;
(12) Caring children, youths, women, the disabled, the aged and homeless;
(13) Relief and rehabilitation;
(14) Fire Brigade;

58
(15) Working hours, breaks, holidays, and occupational safety;
(16) Labour disputes;
(17) Social security;
(18) Labour organizations;
(19) The matters managed by the Pyidaungsu concerning;
(aa) archaeological or historical regions, edifices, monuments, records,
stone inscriptions, ink inscription on stucco, palm leaves, handwritings,
handwork, inanimate objects and archaeological undertakings
(bb) Museums and libraries;
(20) Literature, theatrical art, music, traditional arts and crafts, movies and videos;
and
(21) Birth and death registration.
(1) Traditional medicines that are not contrary to traditional medicine policies
set by the Union;
(2) Social welfare tasks in regions or states;
(3) Fire prevention and natural disaster preparedness;
(4) Freight handling;
(5) Matters for which the region or the state has the right to supervise;
(aa) preservation of cultural heritage;
(bb) museums and libraries;

59
(6) Opera house, cinema hall and video house; and
(7) Photo, painting and sculpture exhibitions.
10. Concerning management sector
(1) General administration,
(2) Management of village and urban areas,
(3) House rent and land rent,
(4) Narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances,
(5) State secrets,
(6) Associations,
(7) Prisons,
(8) Border area development,
(9) Census,
(10) Citizenship, naturalization, revocation of citizenship, citizenship scrutiny and
registration,
(11) Titles and decorations.
(1) Development affairs,
(2) Human settlement and housing development,
(3) Honorary titles and medals.

60
11. Concerning judicial sector
(1) Administration of justice,
(2) Lawyers,
(3) Penal laws and procedures,
(4) Civil laws, contract, arbitration, civil wrong, insolvency, Trust and people
who can administer because of the trust, guardians and wards, transfer of
property and inheritance,
(5) Evidence Act,
(6) Limitation,
(7) Valuation of suit,
(8) Specific relief,
(9) Foreign jurisdiction,
(10) Admiralty jurisdiction,
(11) Robbery at sea, and crimes committed on land or in the international waters
or in space in violation of the international laws.
Legislative List of Self-administered Division or Self-administered Zone Leading
Body
12. Self-administered division or self-administered zone leading bodies are vested with
the legislative power relevant to the following matters for their respective divisions or
zones;
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(a) Town and village plan,

(b) Construction, repair and maintenance of roads and bridges,
(c) Public health,
(d) Development affairs,
(e) Fire prevention
(f) Pasture,
(g) Forest protection and conservation,
(h) Environmental conservation in accord with the law enacted by the Pyidaungsu,
(i) Water and electricity supply in towns and villages, and
(j) Town and village markets.
Legislation on other matters

13. Legislative power is vested in the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw in connection with other matters
not stated in the legislative list of the Union, Region or State, and self-administered
division or zone leading bodies.
Legislation on Union territories

14. Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall enact the required laws if the need arises to do so for the
Union territories in connection with matters for which legislative powers are delegated
to the Region or State Hluttaws or the self-administered division or zone leading bodies.
Effectiveness of Laws
15. In connection with the effect of laws enacted by Hluttaws at different levels and self-
administered area leading bodies;
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(a) If anyone of the provisions stipulated in a law enacted by the leading body of a self-
administered division or a self-administered zone is in contrast with anyone of the
stipulations contained in a law enacted by the respective region Hluttaw or state
Hluttaw, adherence to the law must be in accord with the stipulations contained in
the law enacted by the region Hluttaw or state Hluttaw.
(b) If anyone of the provisions stipulated in a law enacted by the leading body of a
self-administered division or a self-administered zone is in contrast with anyone of
the stipulations contained in a law enacted by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, observance
of the law must be in accord with the stipulations contained in the law enacted by
the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.
(c) If anyone of the provisions stipulated in a law enacted by a region Hluttaw or a
state Hluttaw is in contrast with anyone of the stipulations contained in a law
enacted by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, observance of the law must be in accord with
the stipulations contained in the law enacted by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.
(d) If anyone of the provisions stipulated in a law enacted by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw
or a region Hluttaw or a state Hluttaw or a self-administered division or a self-
administered zone leading body or anyone of the existing laws is in contrast with
anyone of the stipulations contained in the Constitution, observance of the law
must be in accord with the stipulations contained in the Constitution.
Formation of Financial Commission, Duties and Powers
16. In connection with financial matters including the formation of Financial Commission
63
(a) The budgets of Union ministries and of organizations at Union level are to be
checked under the aegis of a Vice-President nominated by the President of the
State, and budget appropriations of Union ministries and organizations at Union
level are to be submitted to the Financial Commission.
(b) The budgets of regions or states are to be checked under the aegis of the other
Vice-President nominated by the President of the State, and budget appropriations
of regions or states are to be submitted to the Financial Commission.
(c) To submit to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw the bill of Union budget containing the Union
budget with the expenditures of Union territories, the distribution of appropriate
funds from Union Fund Account to regions or states, the provision of funds as a
special issue and loans permission; or the bill of financial allotment; to make
suggestions on financial matters worth undertaking; and to carry out the duties
assigned by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw through the promulgation of law, the Financial
Commission is to be formed with the following persons:
(1) The President Chairman
(2) The Vice-Presidents Vice-Chairmen

64
(3) The Pyidaungsu Attorney-General Member
(4) The Pyidaungsu Auditor-General Member
(5) The Chief Ministers of Regions and States Members
(6) The Nay Pyi Taw City Council Chairman Member
(7) The Pyidaungsu Minister for Finance Secretary
(d) (1) When forming the Financial Commission, the President of the State has the
right to appoint a suitable person as a member on a temporary basis, if the
post of a member remains vacant for a certain reason.
(2) The President of the State is to announce the formation of the Financial
Commission. However, orders and directives necessary for the Financial
Commission can be announced by either the President of the State or the
person to whom duties are assigned by the President of the State.
(e) To submit to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw the bill of Union budget containing the Union
budget estimate, the distribution of appropriate funds from Union Fund Account
to regions or states, the provisions of funds as a special case and disbursing of
necessary loans, the Financial Commission is to submit them to the President of
the State.
(f) The financial Commission, if need be, may seek advice from financial experts.
65
Submission of Bill on Union Budget
(g) On behalf of the Union Government, the President of the State or the person to
whom duties are assigned by the President of the State is to submit the bill of the
Union budget to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.
(h) (1) Salary and allowance of heads and members of organizations set up according
to the Constitution of the State and expenditures of those organizations at
Union level;
(2) Debts the Union has to settle, expenditures related to those debts, and other
expenditures related to money borrowed by the Union.
(3) Expenditures to be paid according to verdict or order or decree released by
the court or a particular tribunal; and
(4) Other expenditures to be paid according to a particular existing law or a
particular international treaty, for which discussions can be held at the
Pyidaungsu Hluttaw. However, rejection and deduction are not allowed.
(i) The Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall exercise in accord with majority consent the right to
pass approval and to make rejection and deduction for other expenditures, save
the expenditures mentioned in above paragraph (h).
(j) The Union Government is to take necessary steps according to the Union budget
law enacted by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.
(k) Additional funds allotment law is to be enacted in accord with the procedures
mentioned above, if appropriations and permitted expenditure contained in the
Union budget law promulgated by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw for the fiscal year
66
concerned in addition to the appropriations of extra income and expenditure are
necessary to be allowed.
(l) The Union Government is to take necessary steps according to the additional
funds allotment law enacted by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.
(m) Region or State Hluttaws concerned are to be in harmony with majority consent
to exercise the right to pass approval and to make rejection and deduction to the
budgets of regions or states through negotiation on the chief minister concerned
including the funds received by respective regions or states from the Union Fund
Account according to the Union budget law or the additional fund allotment law.
In doing so:
(1) Salary and allowance of heads and members of organizations set up according
to the Constitution of the State and expenditures of those organizations at
region or state level;
(2) Salary and allowance of heads and members of leading bodies of self-
administered area set up according to the Constitution of the State and
expenditures of those bodies.
(3) Debts the region or state has to settle, expenditures related to those debts,
and other expenditures related to money borrowed by the region or state;
(4) Expenditures to be paid according to verdict or order or decree released by
the court or a particular tribunal; and

67
(5) Other expenditures to be paid according to a particular existing law enacted
by Region or State Hluttaw, for which discussions can be held at the Region
or State Hluttaw. However, rejection and deduction are not allowed.
Taxes to be collected by Region or State
(n) Taxes to be collected according to the law of the region or state and to be put in
the Region or State Fund Account are as follows:
(1) Land tax;
(2) Excise;
(3) Water tax, embankment tax of dams and embankments the region or state
has the right to manage, and tax on the use of electricity produced by such
facilities managed by the region or state;
(4) Tolls from roads and bridges the region or state has the right to manage;
(5) (aa) Royalty collected from freshwater fisheries,
(bb) Royalty collected from marine fisheries located in limited distance;
(6) Tax collected according to vehicles and vessels law of the region or the
state;
(7) Other benefits and profits realized from the sale and rent of property owned
by the region or state;

68
(8) Charges, taxes and other incomes realized from services provided by the
region of state;
(9) Fines imposed at Region or State High Courts including Region or State
courts, taxes and other incomes collected for services provided;
(10) Interests realized from the lending of money of the region or state funds;
(11) Profits realized from investment made by the region or state;
(12) Taxes collected for extraction of the following items from forests in the
region or state:
(aa) Taxes collected on all other timber except teak and designated
hardwood;
(bb)Taxes collected on firewood, charcoal, rattan, bamboo, birdnest, cutch,
thanatkha, turpentine, eaglewood, and honey-based products.
(13) Registration fees;
(14) Taxes on entertainment;
(15) Salt tax;
(16) Funds received from the Union Fund Account;
(17) Contributions by organizations relevant to development affairs in the region
or state;
(18) Unclaimed cash and property;
(19) Treasure trove;

69
(o) The region or state has the right to use their funds in accord with the law.
Other taxes to be paid to Union Fund
(p) Except the taxes to be collected by the region or state, the Union is to collect all
other taxes according to law and deposit them in the Union Fund Account
(q) If incomes and types of taxes are designated to be collected by the region or state
for Union territories, the Union is to collect them according to law and put them in
the Union Fund Account.
(r) The Union has the right to use the Union Fund Account in accord with the law.
vTwaf wmftqifq h if\h
Oya'jyKjcif;qkid &f mvkyif ef;rsm;
71
Pyidaungsu Hluttaw
Convening of Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Session
(1) The first session of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw should be held within 15 days after the
beginning of the first session of the Pyithu Hluttaw. The Speaker of the Pyidaungsu
Hluttaw shall convene the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.
(2) The Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall convene the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw session
at least once a year. The maximum time limit between one meeting and another shall
not exceed 12 months.
(3) The following functions and duties shall be carried out at the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw
meetings:
(a) Recording the address delivered by the President;
(b) Reading out and recording the message sent by the President and other messages
permitted by the Speaker;
(c) Submitting and discussing and making decision on a bill;
(d) Discussing and deciding the opinion and remarks of the President concerning a bill
approved by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw;
(e) Discussing and deciding the matter the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw has to implement in
accord with the provisions contained in the Constitution;
(f) Discussing, deciding and recording the reports presented to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw;
(g) Submitting proposals, and holding discussions and making decisions;
(h) Raising questions and giving replies;

72
(i) Implementing the matters permitted by the Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.
(4) The Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall convene a special session or an emergency
session of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw as may be necessary.
(5) The Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall convene a special session or an emergency
session of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw soonest when the President informs the Speaker of
the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw to convene a special session or an emergency session of the
Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.
(6) The Speaker of Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall convene a special session of the Pyidaungsu
Hluttaw when at least one-fourth of the total number of members of the Pyidaungsu
Hluttaw ask to convene the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.
(7) (a) The first day session of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall be valid if more than half the
number of members, who have the right to attend the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw meeting,
are present. The meeting if invalid, shall be adjourned.
(b) The meetings that are adjourned due to invalidity in accord with the sub-paragraph
(a) as well as the valid meetings that are extended will be valid if at least one third
of the Hluttaw members are present.

73
(8) (a) Save as otherwise provided by this Constitution, a matter that should be decided
through voting, shall be determined by a majority of votes of the members present
and voting.
(b) The Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw or the Deputy Speaker acting as such,
shall not vote in the first instance, but shall have and exercise a casting vote in the
case of an equality of votes.
(9) If for a period of 15 consecutive days a member of Pyidaungsu Hluttaw is, without
permission of the Speaker absent from all meetings of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, the
Speaker shall inform the Hluttaw concerned to take action against the member
according to the prescribed rules. Provided that in computing the said period of 15
days no account shall be taken of any period during which the Chamber is prorogued,
or is adjourned.
(10) Although there are vacant seats, the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall have the right to carry
on its tasks. Moreover, the session shall not be annulled, if the acts of some person
who was not entitled to do so sat or voted or took part in the proceedings are
discovered later.
(11) The functions and records of Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall be published for public
information. But the functions and records restricted by a law or decisions of the
Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall not be published.

74
Submission of Bills
(12) (a) The Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall have the right to make laws for the whole or any
part of the Union concerning the matters stated in the Union Legislative List.
(b) If a bill initiated in the Pyithu Hluttaw or the Amyotha Hluttaw is approved by
both Pyithu Hluttaw and Amyotha Hluttaw, it shall be presumed that the bill is
approved by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.
(13) (a) When the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw enacts a law, it may —
(i) entrust the right to issue rules ,regulations and bye-laws concerning the law
to the Union level organizations formed according to the Constitution.
(ii) authorize the respective organizations or authority to issue notifications,
orders, directives and procedures.
(b) The rules, regulations, notifications, orders, directives and procedures issued
with the right vested by a law shall be in consonant with the stipulations contained
in the Constitution and the law concerned.
(c) If both the Pyithu Hluttaw and the Amyotha Hluttaw decide to annul or amend
any one of the rules, regulations or bye-laws, it shall be presumed that the rules,
regulations or bye-laws are annulled or amended by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.

75
(d) If there is any disagreement between the Pyithu Hluttaw and the Amyotha Hluttaw
concerning the said rules, regulations or bye-laws, it shall be decided by the
Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.
(e) If a decision is made to annul or amend any of the rules, regulations or bye-laws
according to the paragraph (c) or paragraph (d), the decision shall be without
prejudice, however, to the validity of any action previously taken under the
rules, regulations or bye-laws.
(14) The Pyidaungsu Hluttaw —
(a) shall give the decision on matters in connection with ratifying, cancelling and
withdrawing from international agreements, regional treaties or bilateral
agreements submitted by the President.
(b) may fix the international, regional or bilateral agreements that do not need
Pyidaungsu Hluttaw’s approval and delegate the President to ratify, cancel and
withdraw from them.

76
(15) (a) Matters that requires decision of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, agreement and
approval should be implemented as follows:
(i) If the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw is in session, the matter shall be decided at that
session.
(ii) If the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw is not in session, the discussion and decisions
on the matter shall be made at the nearest Pyidaungsu Hluttaw session.
(iii) A special session or an emergency session shall be convened to discuss
and decide the matters which need prompt action for public interest.
(b) When the President after issuing an order having the force of law submits it to
the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw for approval, the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall:
(i) pass a resolution to approve it or not.
(ii) fix the further period to which the said order shall continue to be in force if
the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw approves the order.
(iii) the order having the force of law shall cease to have effect from the date
on which it is disapproved by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.
(16) (a) Of the matters included in the Union Legislative List, the Union level organizations
formed under the Constitution, shall have the right to submit bills on matters
under their management, to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw in accord with the prescribed
procedures.
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(b) Bills on national plans, annual budgets and taxation, which are to be submitted
exclusively by the Union Government shall be presented to the Pyithu
Hluttaw in accord with the prescribed provisions for decision.
(17) Except the bills that are prescribed by the Constitution to be initiated exclusively at
the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, the bills initiated by the Union level organizations formed
under the Constitution, at the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall be discussed initially at the
Pyithu Hluttaw or the Amyotha Hluttaw according to the prescribed provisions.
(18) If a need arises to scrutinize the bills, before they are being discussed exclusively at
the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, they are to be scrutinized jointly by the Pyithu Hluttaw
bill committee and the Amyotha Hluttaw bill committee, and the bills together with
the findings and comments of the joint committee can be submitted to the Pyidaungsu
Hluttaw in accord with prescribed provisions.
(19) If there arises disagreement between the Pyithu Hluttaw and the Amyotha Hluttaw
concerning a bill, the bill shall be discussed and approved in the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.
Promulgation of Law
(20) (a) Within 14 days after the date the President receives the bills sent to him by the
Pyidaungsu Hluttaw after approving them and the bills in like manner as if the
Pyidaungsu Hluttaw have approved them, he shall sign the bills and shall
promulgate them into law.

78
(b) The President shall send a bill back to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw together with his
comments within the fixed time to sign and promulgate it into a law.
(c) If the President does not send a bill back to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw together
with his comments within the fixed time, or the bill is not signed by the President
the same shall become a law in like manner as if he had signed it on the last day
of the said fixed time.
(21) (a) If the President sends back the bill to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw together with his
comments within the fixed time, the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw after studying the
President’s comments, can accept his comments or can decide to amend the
bill, or shall make a decision to approve the bill in its original state if it does not
agree the President’s comments.
(b) The President shall sign the bill and enact it into within seven days if the bill so
amended according to his comments or his comments are not accepted and the
bill approved in its original state is sent back to him with the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw’s
decision.
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(c) If the bill sent back to the President by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw is not signed by
the President within the fixed time, the same shall be become a law in like
manner as if he has signed it on the last date of the said time limit.
(22) The laws signed by the President and the laws deemed to have been signed by the
President shall be published in the official gazette. The law shall come into force on
the date of such promulgation unless the contrary intention is expressed.
(23) Members of the organizations representing the Union level organizations formed
under the Constitution while attending the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw with the permission
of the Speaker have right to explain the bills and other matters in connection with
their respective organizations.
Duties of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Speaker
(24) The Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Speaker shall —
(a) supervise the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw sessions;
(b) invite the President, if the President informs him of his desire to address the
Pyidaungsu Hluttaw;
(c) have the power to invite organizations and persons representing any Union level
organizations formed under the Constitution to attend and give clarifications on
one of the matters of the on going discussions of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw session
if necessary;
80
(d) implement his other duties and functions designated by the Constitution or any
law.
(25) The Union level organizations formed under the Constitution shall submit their general
situation, necessary to be presented to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, with the permission
of the Speaker.
(26) (a) Subject to the provisions contained in the Constitution, and the provisions
prescribed in the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw law, members of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw
shall have freedom of speech and voting at the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw and the
Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Joint Committee. Concerning the discussions and functions
of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw and the Joint Committee, a Pyidaungsu Hluttaw
member shall be absolutely privileged, except under the laws of the Pyidaungsu
Hluttaw.
(b) Subject to the provisions contained in the Constitution, and the provisions
prescribed in the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw law, members of organizations or persons
representing any one of the Union level organizations invited to attend the
Pyidaungsu Hluttaw have the freedom of speech. No action shall be taken against
such persons for their speeches, except under the laws of the Pyidaungsu
Hluttaw.
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(c) However, if the persons mentioned in the above paragraph (a) and paragraph
(b) commit physical assaults, they shall be liable to punishment according to
rules, regulations and procedures of Pyidaungsu Hluttaw as well as existing law.
(27) If there arises a need to arrest a Pyidaungsu Hluttaw member attending a Pyidaungsu
Hluttaw session or a person attending the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw session at the invitation
of the Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, the reliable evidence shall be submitted
to the Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw. He shall not be arrested without the prior
permission of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Speaker.
(28) The reports, documents and Hluttaw records published by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw
or under its authority shall be privileged.
Pyithu Hluttaw and Amyotha Hluttaw
1. (a) The first regular session of the Pyithu Hluttaw shall be convened within 90 days after
the general election commences.
(b)(1) The term of the Amyotha Hluttaw commences on the date on which the term of
the Pyithu Hluttaw commences.
(2) The first regular session of the Amyotha Hluttaw shall be convened within seven
days after the commencement of the term of the Hluttaw.

82
2. (a) (1)The State Peace and Development Council shall convene the first regular session
of the Pyithu Hluttaw after the Constitution comes into force.
(2)The Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw who continues to perform his duties in accord
with provisions of this Constitution shall convene first regular sessions for the next
terms of the Pyithu Hluttaw.
(b) (1)The State Peace and Development Council shall convene the first regular session
of the Amyotha Hluttaw after the Constitution comes into force.
(2)The Speaker of the Amyotha Hluttaw who continues to perform his duties in
accord with provisions of this Constitution shall convene first regular sessions for
the next terms of the Amyotha Hluttaw.
3. (a) (1) Members of the Pyithu Hluttaw shall take oaths before the Speaker of the Pyithu
Hluttaw at the first regular session of the Pyithu Hluttaw.
(2) The members of the Pyithu Hluttaw, who have not taken oaths, shall take oaths
before the Speaker of the Hluttaw at the session of the Pyithu Hluttaw they first
attend.
(b) (1)Members of the Amyotha Hluttaw shall take oaths before the Speaker of the
Amyotha Hluttaw at the first regular session of the Amyotha Hluttaw.
(2)The members of the Amyotha Hluttaw, who have not taken oaths, shall take
oaths before the Speaker of the Hluttaw at the session of the Amyotha Hluttaw
they first attend.

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4. (a) The Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw shall convene regular session of the Pyithu Hluttaw
at least once a year. The interval between two regular sessions shall not exceed 12
months.
(b) The Speaker of the Amyotha Hluttaw shall convene regular session of the Amyotha
Hluttaw at least once a year. The interval between two regular sessions shall not
exceed 12 months.
5. (a) The following matters are carried out at the sessions of the Pyithu Hluttaw:
(1)Recording the address delivered by the President;
(2)Reading out and recording the messages sent by the President and the messages
(3)Submitting, discussing and making decision on a bill;
(4)Discussing and deciding the matters the Pyithu Hluttaw shall implement in accord
with the provisions of the Constitution;
(5) Discussing, deciding and recording the reports presented to the Pyithu Hluttaw;
(6)Submitting proposals, holding discussions and making decisions;
(7)Raising questions and making replies;
(8)Implementing the matters permitted by the Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw.
(b)The following matters are carried out at the sessions of the Amyotha Hluttaw.
(1) Recording the address delivered by the President;
(2) Reading out and recording the messages sent by the President and the messages
(3) Submitting, discussing and making decision on a bill;
84
(4) Discussing and deciding the matters the Amyotha Hluttaw shall implement in
accord with the provisions of the Constitution;
(5) Discussing, deciding and recording the reports presented to the Amyotha
Hluttaw;
(6) Submitting proposals, holding discussions and making decisions;
(7) Raising questions and making replies;
(8) Implementing the matters permitted by the Speaker of the Amyotha Hluttaw.
6. (a) (1) A session of the Pyithu Hluttaw is valid, if more than half the number of members
who have the right to attend the Pyithu Hluttaw session are present on the first
day of the session. If a session is not valid, it shall be adjourned.
(2) The sessions that are held under subparagraph (1) due to invalidity of the session
and the sessions that are extended due to validity of the sessions are valid if at
least one-third of the Pyithu Hluttaw members are present.
(b) (1) A session of the Amyotha Hluttaw is valid if more than half the number of
members who have the right to attend the Amyotha Hluttaw session are present
on the first day of the session. If the session is not valid it shall be adjourned.
85
(2) The sessions that are held under subparagraph (1) due to invalidity of the sessions
and the sessions that are extended due to validity of the sessions are valid if at
least one-third of the Amyotha Hluttaw members are present.
7. (a) (1) Save as otherwise provided by this Constitution, a matter that should be decided
through voting at the Pyithu Hluttaw shall be determined by a majority of votes of
the members present and voting.
(2) The Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw or the Deputy Speaker discharging duties as
the Speaker at the Pyithu Hluttaw shall not vote in the first instance in the sessions
of the Pyithu Hluttaw, but shall have and exercise a casting vote in the matters of
an equality of votes.
(b) (1) Save as otherwise provided by this Constitution, a matter that should be decided
through voting at the Amyotha Hluttaw shall be determined by a majority of votes
of the members present and voting.
(2) The Speaker of the Amyotha Hluttaw or the Deputy Speaker discharging duties
as the Speaker at the Amyotha Hluttaw sessions shall not vote in the first instance
in the sessions of the Amyotha Hluttaw, but shall have and exercise a casting vote
in the matters of an equality of votes.

86
8. (a) (1) The Pyithu Hluttaw may declare the seat of a member vacant in accord with the
rules prescribed if he is absent, without permission of the Pyithu Hluttaw, from a
session for 15 days consecutively. Provided that in computing the said period of
15 days no account shall be taken of any period during which the session is
prorogued or is adjourned.
(2) The Pyithu Hluttaw shall take action against a member in accord with the rules
prescribed if the Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw informed the Pyithu Hluttaw
that that member is absent from a Pyidaungsu Hluttaw session for a period of 15
consecutive days without permission of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.
(b) (1) The Amyotha Hluttaw may declare the seat of a member vacant in accord with
the rules prescribed if he is absent, without permission of the Amyotha Hluttaw,
from a session for 15 days consecutively. Provided that in computing the said
period of 15 days no account shall be taken of any period during which the
session is prorogued or is adjourned.

87
(2) The Amyotha Hluttaw shall take action against a member in accord with the rules
prescribed if the Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw informed the Amyotha Hluttaw
that that member is absent from a Pyidaungsu Hluttaw session for a period of 15
consecutive days without permission of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.
9. (a) Even if there are vacant seats, the Pyithu Hluttaw shall have the right to carry out its
functions and duties. Moreover, the session shall not be annulled, even if the acts of
some person who was not entitled to do so, sat or voted or took part in the proceedings
are discovered later.
(b) Even if there are vacant seats, the Amyotha Hluttaw shall have the right to carry out
its functions and duties. Moreover, the session shall not be annulled, if the acts of
some person who was not entitled to do so, sat or voted or took part in the proceedings
are discovered later.
10. (a)The functions and records of the Pyithu Hluttaw shall be published for public
information. However, the functions and records restricted by a law or decisions of
the Pyithu Hluttaw shall not be published.

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(b)The functions and records of Amyotha Hluttaw shall be published for public
information. However, the functions and records restricted by a law or decisions of
the Amyotha Hluttaw shall not be published.
11. (a)Of the matters included in the Union Legislative List, except the matters prescribed
in this Constitution which shall be initiated exclusively as bills in the Pyidaungsu
Hluttaw, the remaining matters shall be initiated in the Pyithu Hluttaw according to
the prescribed provisions.
(b)Of the matters included in the Union Legislative List, except the matters prescribed
in this Constitution which shall be initiated exclusively as bills in the Pyidaungsu
Hluttaw, the remaining matters shall be initiated in the Amyotha Hluttaw according to
the prescribed provisions.
12. (a) (1)After issuing a rule, regulation or a bye-law in line with the law enacted by the
Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, the organ concerned shall distribute the rule, regulation or
bye-law to the Pyithu Hluttaw members at the nearest regular session of the
Pyithu Hluttaw under the arrangements permitted by the Speaker of the Pyithu
Hluttaw.
(2)If it is found that a rule, regulation or bye-law is not in conformity with the provisions
of the law concerned, Hluttaw members may submit a proposal to annul or amend
the rule, regulation or bye-law to the Pyithu Hluttaw within 90 days from the date
that rule, regulation or bye-law is circulated.

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(3)If the Pyithu Hluttaw and the Amyotha Hluttaw do not reach a consensus in
making a decision to annul or amend a rule, regulation or bye-law, it shall be
presented to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.
(b) (1) After issuing a rule, regulation or bye-law in line with the law enacted by the
Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, the organ concerned shall distribute the rule, regulation or
bye-law to the Amyotha Hluttaw members at the nearest regular session of the
Amyotha Hluttaw under the arrangements permitted by the Speaker of the Amyotha
Hluttaw.
(2) If it is found that a rule, regulation or bye-law is not in conformity with the
provisions of the law concerned, Hluttaw members may submit a proposal to
annul or amend the rule, regulation or bye-law to the Amyotha Hluttaw within 90
days from the date that rule, regulation or bye-law is circulated.
(3) If the Amyotha Hluttaw and the Pyithu Hluttaw do not reach a consensus in
making a decision to annul or amend a rule, regulation or bye-law, it shall be
presented to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.
13. (a) (1) If the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw sends the bills submitted by a Union level organization
formed under the Constitution to the Pyithu Hluttaw in accord with prescribed
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rules, they shall be presumed that the bills are initiated in the Pyithu Hluttaw and
shall be discussed and passed resolution in the Pyithu Hluttaw.
(2)Of the matters stated in the Union Legislation List, except the matters prescribed
in the Constitution for which bills shall be submitted to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw to
make a decision, members of the Pyithu Hluttaw have the right to initiate the bills
related to the remaining matters in the Pyithu Hluttaw. Such bills shall be under
discussion at the Pyithu Hluttaw in line with the prescribed rules.
(3) The bills approved by the Pyithu Hluttaw shall be forwarded to the Amyotha
Hluttaw for holding discussions and making a decision.
(b)(1) If the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw sends the bills submitted by a Union level organization
formed under the Constitution to the Amyotha Hluttaw in accord with prescribed
rules, they shall be presumed that the bills are initiated in the Amyotha Hluttaw
and shall be discussed and passed resolution in the Amyotha Hluttaw.
(2) Of the matters stated in the Union Legislation List, except the matters prescribed
in the Constitution for which bills shall be submitted to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw to
make a decision, members of the Amyotha Hluttaw have the right to initiate the
bills related to the remaining matters in the Amyotha Hluttaw. Such bills shall be
under discussion at the Amyotha Hluttaw in line with the prescribed rules.
(3) The bills approved by the Amyotha Hluttaw shall be forwarded to the Pyithu
Hluttaw for holding discussions and making a decision.

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14. (a) (1) After receiving a bill sent by the Amyotha Hluttaw, the Pyithu Hluttaw can
make a decision that it agrees or disagrees, or agrees with amendments. The
Pyithu Hluttaw shall return the bill together with its decision to the Amyotha Hluttaw.
(2) When the Amyotha Hluttaw returns the bill sent by the Pyithu Hluttaw to the
Amyotha Hluttaw, with amendments, the Pyithu Hluttaw shall forward the bill to
the Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw if it accepts the amendments of the Amyotha
Hluttaw.
(3) The Pyithu Hluttaw shall seek the decision of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw if it disagrees
with the Amyotha Hluttaw in dealing with the bill sent by the Pyithu Hluttaw to the
Amyotha Hluttaw.
(b) (1) After receiving a bill sent by the Pyithu Hluttaw, the Amyotha Hluttaw can make
a decision that it agrees or disagrees, or agrees with amendments. The Amyotha
Hluttaw shall return the bill together with its decision to the Pyithu Hluttaw.
(2) When the Pyithu Hluttaw returns the bill sent by the Amyotha Hluttaw to the
Pyithu Hluttaw, with amendments, the Amyotha Hluttaw shall forward the bill to
the Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw if it accepts the amendments of the Pyithu
Hluttaw.
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(3) The Amyotha Hluttaw shall seek the decision of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw if it
disagrees with the Pyithu Hluttaw in dealing with the bill sent by the Amyotha
Hluttaw to the Pyithu Hluttaw.
15. (a) Members of a Union level body formed under the Constitution shall have the
right—
(1) to explain and discuss the bills or other matters of their bodies while attending a
session of the Pyithu Hluttaw with the permission of the Speaker of the Pyithu
Hluttaw.
(2) to explain and discuss the bills or other matters of their bodies while attending
sessions of the committees, commissions and bodies of the Pyithu Hluttaw with
the permission of the head of the committee, commission and body concerned.
(b) Members of a Union level body formed under the Constitution shall have the
right—
(1) to explain and discuss the bills or other matters of their bodies while attending a
session of the Amyotha Hluttaw with the permission of the Speaker of the Amyotha
Hluttaw.
(2) to explain and discuss the bills or other matters of their bodies while attending
sessions of the committees, commissions and bodies of the Amyotha Hluttaw
with the permission of the head of the committee, commission and body concerned.
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16. (a)The Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw—
(1) shall supervise sessions of the Pyithu Hluttaw;
(2) shall invite the President of the Union if he informs his desire to deliver a speech
at a session of the Pyithu Hluttaw;
(3) has the right to invite members or persons representing a Union level body formed
under the Constitution to a session of the Pyithu Hluttaw if necessary for a matter
under way at a session of the Pyithu Hluttaw;
(4)shall discharge other duties and functions prescribed under the Constitution or a
law.
(b) The Speaker of the Amyotha Hluttaw—
(1)shall supervise sessions of the Amyotha Hluttaw;
(2)shall invite the President of the Union if he informs he wishes to deliver a speech
at a session of the Amyotha Hluttaw;
(3)has the right to invite members or persons representing a Union level body formed
under the Constitution to a session of the Amyotha Hluttaw if necessary for a
matter under way at a session of the Amyotha Hluttaw;

94
(4)shall discharge other duties and functions prescribed under Constitution or a law.
17. (a) (1) Members of the Pyithu Hluttaw shall have the freedom of speech and voting in
the Pyithu Hluttaw and the committee of the Pyithu Hluttaw, subject to the
provisions of the Constitution and the Pyithu Hluttaw Law. No action shall be taken
against such persons for their speeches, except under the law of the Pyithu Hluttaw.
(2)Members or persons representing a Union level body formed under the Constitution
who are permitted to attend or invited to a session of the Pyithu Hluttaw or a
committee of the Pyithu Hluttaw shall have the freedom of speech in the Pyithu
Hluttaw or the committees of the Pyithu Hluttaw, subject to the provisions of the
Constitution and the Pyithu Hluttaw Law. No action shall be taken against such
persons for their speeches, except under the law of the Pyithu Hluttaw.
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(3)Action shall be taken against those members stated in sub-paragraphs (a) and
(b) in accord with the rules and regulations and procedures of the Pyithu Hluttaw
and the existing laws if they make physical assault in enjoying the privileges.
(b) (1)Members of the Amyotha Hluttaw shall have the freedom of speech and voting
in the Amyotha Hluttaw and the committee of the Amyotha Hluttaw, subject to
the provisions of the Constitution and the Amyotha Hluttaw Law. No action shall
be taken against such persons for their speeches, except under the law of the
Amyotha Hluttaw.
(2)Members or persons representing a Union level body formed under the Constitution
who are permitted to attend or invited to a session of the Amyotha Hluttaw or a
committee of the Amyotha Hluttaw shall have the freedom of speech in the Amyotha
Hluttaw or the committees of the Amyotha Hluttaw, subject to the provisions of
the Constitution and the Amyotha Hluttaw Law. No action shall be taken against
such persons for their speeches, except under the law of the Amyotha Hluttaw.
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(3)Action shall be taken against those members stated in sub-paragraphs (a) and
(b) in accord with the rules and regulations and procedures of the Amyotha Hluttaw
and the existing laws if they make physical assault in enjoying the privileges.
18. (a) (1) If there arises a need to arrest a Pyithu Hluttaw member attending a Pyithu
Hluttaw session or a person attending the Pyithu Hluttaw session with the
permission or at the invitation of the Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw, the reliable
evidence shall be submitted to the Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw. He shall not be
arrested without prior approval of the Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw.
(2)If there arises a need to arrest a member of a committee or commission or
organization formed by the Pyithu Hluttaw attending a session of the committee
or commission or body, the reliable evidence shall be submitted to the Speaker
of the Pyithu Hluttaw through the head of the committee or commission or body
concerned. He shall not be arrested without prior approval of the Speaker of the
Pyithu Hluttaw.
(3) If there arises a need to arrest a member of the Pyithu Hluttaw when the Pyithu
Hluttaw or the Pyithu Hluttaw committee or the commission or the body formed
by the Pyithu Hluttaw is not in session, reliable evidence in support of such arrest
shall promptly be submitted to the Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw.

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(b) (1) If there arises a need to arrest an Amyotha Hluttaw member attending an
Amyotha Hluttaw session or a person attending the Amyotha Hluttaw session
with the permission or at the invitation of the Speaker of the Amyotha Hluttaw,
the reliable evidence shall be submitted to the Speaker of the Amyotha Hluttaw.
He shall not be arrested without prior approval of the Speaker of the Amyotha
Hluttaw.
(2) If there arises a need to arrest a member of a committee or commission or body
formed by the Amyotha Hluttaw attending a session of the committee or
commission or body, the reliable evidence shall be submitted to the Amyotha
Hluttaw Speaker thorough the head of the committee or commission or body
concerned. He shall not be arrested without prior approval of the Speaker of the
Amyotha Hluttaw.
(3) If there arises a need to arrest a member of the Amyotha Hluttaw when the
Amyotha Hluttaw or the Amyotha Hluttaw committee or the commission or the
body formed by the Amyotha Hluttaw is not in session, reliable evidence in support
of such arrest shall promptly be submitted to the Speaker of the Amyotha Hluttaw.
19. (a) The reports, publications and records published by the Pyithu Hluttaw or under
its authority shall be privileged.
(b) The reports, publications and records published by the Amyotha Hluttaw or
under its authority shall be privileged.

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Region and State Hluttaw
1. (a) The term of the Region or State Hluttaw comes into force on the day on which that
of the Pyithu Hluttaw comes into force.
(b) The first regular session of the Region or State Hluttaw shall be convened within 15
days after the commencement of the term of the Hluttaw.
2. (a) The State Peace and Development Council shall convene the first regular session of
the Region or State Hluttaw after the Constitution comes into force.
(b) The Speaker of the Region or State Hluttaw who continues to perform his duties in
accord with the provisions of the Constitution shall convene the first regular session
for the next terms of Region or State Hluttaw.
3. (a) Members of the Region or State Hluttaw shall take oaths before the chairman of the
Region or State Hluttaw at the first regular session of the Region or State Hluttaw.
(b) Members of the Region or State Hluttaw who have not taken oaths, shall take oaths
before the Speaker of the Hluttaw at the session of the Region or State Hluttaw they
first attend.
4. The Speaker of the Region or State Hluttaw shall convene the regular session of the
Region or State Hluttaw at least once a year. The interval between two regular sessions
shall not exceed 12 months.

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5. The following matters are carried out at the session of the Region or State Hluttaw.
(a) Recording the address delivered by the Union President;
(b) Reading out and recording messages sent by the President and other messages
(c) Recording the address delivered by the Region or State Chief Minister;
(d) Submitting, discussing and making decision on a bill;
(e) Discussing and deciding the matters the Region or State Hluttaw shall implement in
accord with the provisions of the Constitution and any of the existing laws;
(f) Discussing, deciding and recording the reports presented to the Region or State
Hluttaw;
(g) Submitting proposals, holding discussions and making decisions;
(h) Raising questions and making replies;
(i) Implementing matters permitted by the Speaker of Region or State Hluttaw;
6. (a) The Speaker of the Region or State Hluttaw concerned may convene special session
or emergency session of Region or State Hluttaws if necessary.
(b)The Speaker of the Region or State Hluttaw shall convene a special or emergency
session of the Hluttaw as soon as possible when the Region or State Chief Minister
informs to do so.
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(c) The Speaker of the Region or State Hluttaw shall convene a special session of the
Hluttaw as soon as possible if at least one-fourth of the Region or State Hluttaw
members so requisition.
7. (a) A session of the Region or State Hluttaw is valid if more than half the number of
members who have the right to attend the session of the Region or State Hluttaw are
present on the first day of the session. The session if invalid shall be adjourned.
(b) The sessions that are held under sub-paragraph (a) due to invalidity of the sessions
and the sessions that are extended due to validity of the sessions are valid if at least
one-third of the Hluttaw members, who have the right to attend a session of the
Region or State Hluttaw, are present.
8. (a) Save as otherwise provided by this Constitution, a matter that should be decided
through voting in the Region or State Hluttaw shall be determined by a majority of
votes of the members present and voting.

101
(b) The Speaker of the Region or State Hluttaw or the Deputy Speaker discharging
duties as the Speaker shall not vote in the first instance in the sessions of the Region
or State Hluttaw, but shall have and exercise a casting vote in the matters of an
equality of votes.
9. If for a period of 15 consecutive days a member of the Region or State Hluttaw is,
without permission of the Hluttaw, absent from a session of the Region or State Hluttaw,
the Region or State Hluttaw can declare the seat of the member vacant in accord with
prescribed rules. In computing the said period of 15 days, no account shall be taken of any
period during which the session is prorogued, or is adjourned.
10. Even if there are vacant seats, the Region or State Hluttaw shall have the right to carry
out its tasks. Moreover, the session shall not be annulled, even if the acts of some person
who was not entitled to do so sat or voted or took part in the proceedings are discovered
later.
11. The functions and records of the Region or State Hluttaw shall be published for public
information. But, the functions and records restricted by a law or decisions of the Region
or State Hluttaw shall not be published.

102
12. The Region or State Hluttaw has the power to make laws for the whole or any part of
the Region or State concerning the matters stated in the Region or State Legislative List.
13. (a)When the Region or State Hluttaw enacts a law, it may—
(1) entrust the right to issue rules, regulations and bye-laws related to the law to a
Region or State level organization formed under the Constitution.
(2) entrust the power to issue notifications, orders, directives and procedures related
to the law to the organization or authority concerned.
(b)The rules, regulations, bye-laws, notifications, orders, directives and procedures
issued with the right vested by a law shall be consonant with the provisions contained
in the Constitution and the law concerned.
(c) After issuing a rule, regulation or bye-law enacted under the law by the Region or
State Hluttaw, the organization concerned shall circulate the rules, regulation or bye-
law to Hluttaw members during the nearest regular session of the Region or State
Hluttaw with arrangements permitted by the Hluttaw Speaker.

103
(d) If a rule, regulation or bye-law is found not consonant with the provisions of the law
concerned, Region or State Hluttaw members can submit a proposal to annul or
amend the rules, regulations or bye-law to the Region or State Hluttaw within 90
days from the date they are circulated.
(e) If a decision is made by the Region or State Hluttaw to annul or amend a rule,
regulation or bye-law, the decision shall not affect the matters implemented under
the rules, regulation or bye-law.
14. (a) Matters that require decision, assent and approval of the Region or State Hluttaw
shall be implemented as follows:
(1) If the Region or State Hluttaw is in session, the matter shall be decided at that
session.
(2) If the Region or State Hluttaw is not in session, the discussions and decisions on
the matter shall be made at the nearest Region or State Hluttaw session.
(3) A special session or an emergency session shall be convened to discuss and
decide the mattes which need prompt action for public interest.
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15. (a) Of the matters included in the Region or State Legislative List, the Region or State
level organizations formed under the Constitution have the right to submit bills on
matters implemented under their managements to the Region or State Hluttaw in
accord with the prescribed provisions.
(b) Bills on Region or State plans, annual budgets and taxation which are to be submitted
exclusively by the Region or State Government shall be submitted to the Region or
State Hluttaw in accord with the prescribed provisions.
16. Of the matters included in the Region or State Legislative List, except those prescribed
under the Constitution to be submitted exclusively as bills by the Region or State Government,
the Region or State Hluttaw members have the right to submit bills on the remaining matters
to Region or State Hluttaw in accord with the prescribed provisions.
17. The Region or State Hluttaw shall make a decision when the Region or State
Government submits Region or State budget in accord with the prescribed provisions.
18. (a) The Region or State Chief Minister shall—
(1) sign the bill approved by the Region or State Hluttaw and promulgate it into a
law, within seven days after receiving it.

105
(2) sign the bill approved by the Self-Administered Division or Zone Leading
Body and promulgate it into a law, within 14 days after receiving it.
(b) If the Region or State Chief Minister does not sign the bill and promulgate it into a
law within the fixed time, the bill shall come into force in like manner as if he had
signed it on the last date of the fixed time.
(c)The bills signed by the Region or State Chief Minister and bills which have come into
force in like manner as if they were signed by him, shall be promulgated in the official
Gazette. The laws shall come into force on the date of such promulgation unless the
contrary intention is expressed.
19. (a)Of the members of an organization representing a Region or State level organization
formed under the Constitution, the organization members who are members of the
Region or State Hluttaw shall have the right of discussing and voting concerning bills
or matters related to the organization concerned in the Hluttaw sessions.
(b) Of the members of an organization representing a Region or State level organization
formed under the Constitution, those members who are not Region or State Hluttaw
members while attending the session with the permission of the Hluttaw Speaker
106
shall have the right of discussion concerning bills or matters related to the organization
concerned.
20. The Speaker of Region or State Hluttaw shall:
(a) supervise Region or State Hluttaw sessions.
(b) invite the Union President if he informs him of his desire to address the Region or
State Hluttaw session.
(c) make necessary arrangements when the Region or State Chief Minister informs
him of his desire to deliver an address.
(d) have the right, if necessary, to invite members or persons of an organization
representing a Region or State level organization formed under the Constitution
to the Region or State Hluttaw session to make clarification as regards matters
under discussion.
(e) perform other duties and responsibilities entrusted by the Constitution or a law.
21. (a) Subject to the provisions stated in the Constitution or in the Region or State
Hluttaw Law, members of the Region or State Hluttaw have freedom of speech
and voting at the Region or State Hluttaw as well as at Region or State Hluttaw
107
committee and organization. Concerning the discussions and functions, a Region
or State Hluttaw member shall be privileged except under the Region or State
Hluttaw Law.
(b) Subject to the provisions stated in the Constitution or in the Region or State Hluttaw
Law, members or persons representing a Region or State level organization formed
under the Constitution who are permitted or invited to attend a Region or State
Hluttaw session have freedom of speech at the Region or State Hluttaw or Region
or State Hluttaw committees and bodies. Concerning such discussions, they
shall be privileged except under the Region or State Hluttaw Law.
(c) Action shall be taken against those members stated in sub-paragraph (a) and (b) in
accord with the rules and regulations and procedures of the Region or State Hluttaw
108
and existing laws if they make physical assault in enjoying the privileges.
22. (a) If there arises a need to arrest a Region or State Hluttaw member attending a
Region or State
Hluttaw session or a person attending the Hluttaw session with the permission or at
the invitation of the Hluttaw Speaker, the reliable evidence shall be submitted to
the Hluttaw Speaker. He shall not be arrested without prior approval of the Hluttaw
Speaker.
(b) If there arises a need to arrest a member of a committee or a body formed by the
Region or State Hluttaw attending a session of the committee or body, the reliable
evidence shall be submitted to the Hluttaw Speaker through the head of the
committee or body concerned. He shall not be arrested without prior approval of
the Hluttaw Speaker.
(c) If there arises a need to arrest a member of Region or State Hluttaw while the
Hluttaw or the committee or the body formed by the Hluttaw is not in session,
reliable evidence in support of such arrest shall promptly be submitted to Region
or State Hluttaw Speaker.
23. The reports, documents and record published by the Region or State Hluttaw or
under its authority shall be privileged.

tcef; (5)
tkycf sKyaf &;tcef;
Chapter (V)
Executive
tkycf sKyaf &;qkid &f m zGUJ pnf;rI
109
Chapter (V)
Executive
Pyidaungsu (Union) government
1. In connection with formation of the Pyidaungsu (Union) government,
(a) The Executive Head of State is the President of the State;
(b) (1) the executive power of the State is distributed among the Pyidaungsu, regions and
states;
(2) self-administrative power is distributed to self-administered areas as stipulated by
the State Constitution.
(c) The Union government of the State shall be formed with the following persons:
(1) the President of the State;
(2) Vice-Presidents;
(3) Union ministers;
(4) the Attorney-General of the Union.
(d) With the approval of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, the President of the State shall
(1) designate the Union government ministries as necessary. Moreover, he can make
changes in and addition to the designated ministries;
(2) allocate the number of Union Ministers as necessary. Moreover, he can increase or
reduce the allocated number.

110
(e) Union Ministers shall possess the following qualifications:
(1) they must have attained the age of 40 years;
(2) with the exception of age limit, they shall possess qualifications prescribed for
Pyithu Hluttaw representatives;
(3) they shall be loyal to the State and citizenry.
Union Ministers and Deputy Ministers
2. In connection with appointment of Union ministers,
(a) The President of the State to appoint Union ministers shall
(1) select suitable persons who possess prescribed qualifications from among the
Hluttaw representatives or non-Hluttaw representatives;
(2) obtain a list of nomination of suitable Tatmadaw members from the Commander-in-
Chief of Defence Services for ministries of defence, security/ home affairs and border
affairs;
(3) consult with the Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services if he desires to appoint
Tatmadaw members as Union ministers for the ministries other than defence, security/
home affairs and border affairs.
(b) The President of the State is to prepare together the list of persons he has selected and
that of Tatmadaw members from the Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services, submit
them to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw and seek its approval,

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(c) Pyidaungsu Hluttaw has no right to refuse a person nominated by the President of the
State for the appointment of Union Minister unless it can prove the person concerned
does not possess qualifications prescribed for Union Ministers,
(d) The President of the State has the right to submit again the list furnished with new name
replacing the one who has not been approved by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw for the
appointment of the Union Minister,
(e) The President of the State shall appoint persons approved by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw as
Union Ministers; in appointing them, the President of the state is to allocate the ministry,
or ministries which each Union Minister is to take charge,
(f) The President of the State shall inform the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw whenever he appoints the
Union Ministers,
(g) The Union Ministers shall be responsible to the President of the state.
3. In connection with appointment of and assigning of duties to Deputy Ministers,
(a) The President of the State shall have the right to appoint the following persons, from
among Hluttaw representatives or non- Hluttaw representatives, who possess the
following qualifications, as the Deputy Ministers to assist the Union Ministers
(1) must be persons who have attained 35 years of age;
(2) with the exception of age limit, all who possess the qualifications prescribed for
Pyithu Hluttaw representatives;
(3) must be loyal to the State and the citizenry.

112
(b)If the President is to appoint and assign duties to Deputy Ministers for defence,
security/ home affairs and border affairs, he shall obtain a list of nomination including
suitable Tatmadaw members from the Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services,
(c)The President of the State shall consult with the Commander-in-Chief of Defence
Services if he desires to appoint and assign duties to Tatmadaw members as Deputy
Ministers for ministries other than defence, security/ home affairs and border affairs,
(d)The President of the State, in appointing and assigning duties to Deputy Ministers,
shall allocate the ministries concerned,
(e)The Deputy Ministers shall be responsible to the respective Union Ministers and,
through the respective Union Ministers, to the President of the State.
4. In connection with impeachment of any Union Minister,
(a) Any Union Minister shall be impeached for one of the following reasons:
(1) treason;
(2) violation of any provision of the Constitution;
(3) misconduct;
(4) being disqualified for Union Minister under the Constitution:
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(b) When any Union Minister is impeached, it is to proceed in accord with provisions
of the Constitution regarding impeachment of the President or the Vice - President,
(c) However, when the charge against any Union Minister who is impeached is maintained
and the Hluttaw concerned decides that he is not fit to continue to hold office as
Union Minister and informs the President of the matter, the President shall remove
the Union Minister from office,
(d) If the Hluttaw concerned decides that the charge has been refuted, the okkahta of
the Hluttaw shall inform the President.
5. In connection with the term of office, resignation, removal from office and replacement
of Union Ministers and Deputy Ministers,
(a)The term of office of Union Minister and Deputy Minister shall generally be the same
as the term of office of the President,
(b) If the Union Minister or Deputy Minister desires to resign from office of his own
volition due to a certain cause before the expiry of the term of office, then he shall do
so only after tendering his written resignation to the President,
(c) The President shall
(1)have the right to order the resignation of a Union Minister or Deputy Minister,
who has failed to discharge his duties, and can remove him from office if he fails
to comply with the orders;

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(2) coordinate with the Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services and take steps if
it is concerned with Tatmadaw member Union Minister or Deputy Minister who
is to be caused to resign or to be removed from office.
(d) If the post of Union Minister or Deputy Minister falls vacant due to resignation,
removal from office, death or any cause, the President shall have the right to appoint
and assign duties to a new Union Minister or Deputy Minister in accordance with
the provisions of the Constitution regarding appointment of the Union Minister or
Deputy Minister. The term of office of newly appointed Union Minister or Deputy
Minister shall be the same as the remaining term of office of the President,
(e) If the Union Minister or Deputy Minister is a representative of a Hluttaw, it is to be
assumed that he has resigned as a Hluttaw representative from the date he is appointed
Union Minister or Deputy Minister,
(f) (1) If the Union Minister or Deputy Minister is a civil servant, then it is to be assumed
that he has retired as a civil servant according to the civil service rules and
regulations from the date he is appointed Union Minister or Deputy Minister;
(2)Tatmadaw members who have been appointed Union Ministers and Deputy Ministers
for defence, security/ home affairs and border affairs need not retire and resign
from the Tatmadaw.

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(g) If the Union Minister or Deputy Minister is a member of a political party, then he
shall refrain from participating in party activities during the term of office from the
date he is appointed Union Minister or Deputy Minister,
(h) (1) When the post of the President who appointed and assigned duties to Union
Ministers and Deputy Ministers has fallen vacant due to resignation or death or
any cause before the expiry of the term of office, the Union Ministers and Deputy
Ministers shall continue to perform their duties until the new President, who has
been elected and replaced the vacant post, has appointed and assigned duties to
new Union Ministers and Deputy Ministers;
(2)The term of office of the newly appointed Union Ministers and Deputy Ministers
shall be the same as the remaining term of office of the new President.
(i) Responsibilities, rights and privileges of Pyidaungsu Ministers and Deputy Ministers

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Pyidaungsu Attorney-General and Deputy Attorney-General
6. In connection with the term of the Attorney-General, it shall be called Pyidaungsu
Attorney-General.
7. In connection with the appointment and assignment of duties of Pyidaungsu Attorney-
General,
(a) with the approval of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, the President of the State shall appoint
a person, from among the Hluttaw representatives or persons who are not Hluttaw
representatives, having the following qualifications, Pyidaungsu Attorney-General so
as to get advice on legal matters and assign duties of a legal character:
(1) having attained the age of 45 years;
(2) apart from the age limit, having qualifications prescribed for Pyithu Hluttaw
representatives;
(3) (aa) who has been for at least five years a judge of the Region or State Taya
Hluttaw (High Court), or
(bb) who, if he is a judicial officer or a law officer, has been for at least ten
years in a position not lower than region or state level, or
(cc) who has been an advocate of the Taya Hluttaw (High Court) of at least 20
years’ standing, or
(dd) who is assumed by the President to be a legal expert of prominent
reputation,
(4) being a person who is loyal to the State and the citizens,
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(b)Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall not have the right to reject the person nominated by the
President to be appointed Pyidaungsu Attorney-General unless it can prove clearly
that he is not qualified for being Pyidaungsu Attorney- General,
(c)the President of the State has the right to submit new nomination to the Pyidaungsu
Hluttaw in place of a person who has not been approved to be appointed and
assigned duties as Pyidaungsu Attorney-General,
(d)Pyidaungsu Attorney- General is a member of the Pyidaungsu Government,
(e)Pyidaungsu Attorney-General is responsible to the President of the State.
8. In connection with impeachment of Pyidaungsu Attorney-General,

(a) Pyidaungsu Attorney-General shall be impeached for one of the following reasons:
(1)treason,
(2)violation of any of the provisions in the Constitution,
(3)misconduct,
(4)being disqualified for the post of Pyidaungsu Attorney-General under the
Constitution,
(b) if it is desired to impeach Pyidaungsu Attorney-General, it shall proceed in accordance
with provisions regarding the impeachment of the President of the State or Vice-
President,
(c) if the respective Hluttaw submits that the charge has been sustained and the offence or
the subject of the offence, is such as to render the Pyidaungsu Attorney-General unfit
to continue in office, the President of the State shall terminate the Pyidaungsu Attorney-
General from duties,
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(d) if the respective Hluttaw decides that the charge has been refuted, the Hluttaw Chairman
shall report the decision to the President of the State.
9. In connection with appointment of Deputy Attorney-General,
(a) The President of the State shall appoint of his own volition a person having the following
qualifications from among Hluttaw representatives or persons who are not Hluttaw
representatives Deputy Attorney-General to assist Pyidaungsu Attorney-General:
(1) being a person who has completed the age of 40,
representatives,
(3) being a person
(aa) who has been for at least five years a judge of region or state Taya Hluttaw
(High Court), or
(bb) who, if he is a judicial personnel or a law personnel, has been at least ten
years in a position not lower than region or state level, or
(cc) who has been the advocate of the Taya Hluttaw (High Court) of at least 15
years’ standing, or
(dd) who is assumed by the President to be a legal expert of prominent reputation,
(4) being a person who is loyal to the State and the citizenry,
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(b)Deputy Attorney-General is responsible to the Pyidaungsu Attorney-General and to
the President of the State through the Pyidaungsu Attorney-General.
10. In connection with the term of office, resignation, termination of duties and filling the
vacant post of the Pyidaungsu Attorney-General or Deputy Attorney-General
(a)The term of office of the Pyidaungsu Attorney-General or Deputy Attorney-General
shall generally be the same as that of the President of the State;
(b)The Pyidaungsu Attorney-General or Deputy Attorney-General may resign of his
own accord before the expiry date of the term of office after submitting his resignation
to the President of the State;
(c)The President of the State may instruct the Pyidaungsu Attorney-General or Deputy
Attorney-General who cannot perform duties fully to resign and shall have right to
remove him from office for failure to follow the instruction;
(d) The President of the State shall, if the post of the Attorney-General or Deputy
Attorney-General becomes vacant in the event of resignation, or being removed from
office, or death, or any cause, appoint a new Attorney-General or Deputy Attorney-
General in accord with the provisions under the Constitution. The remaining tenure of
office of the President of the State shall be prescribed for the term of office of the new
Attorney-General or Deputy Attorney-General;

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(e) If Pyidaungsu Attorney- General or Deputy Attorney-General is a representative of a
Hluttaw, he shall be deemed to have vacated his seat in that Hluttaw from the date he is
appointed the Attorney-General or the Deputy Attorney-General;
(f) If Pyidaungsu Attorney-General or Deputy Attorney-General is a civil servant, he shall be
deemed to have retired in accord with the existing rules and regulations from the date he is
appointed the Attorney-General or the Deputy Attorney-General;
(g) If Pyidaungsu Attorney-General or Deputy Attorney-General is a member of a political
party, he shall not perform the duties of that party during his tenure of office from the date
he is appointed the Attorney-General or Deputy Attorney-General;
(h) (1) When the post of the President of the State who had appointed and assigned duties
to the Pyidaungsu Attorney-General and Deputy Attorney-General fell vacant in the
event of resigning, passing away or any other reason, the new President of the State
who has been elected as replacement shall continue to assign duties to them, or appoint
and assign duties to new Pyidaungsu Attorney-General and new Deputy Attorney-
General according to the provisions of the Constitution. If so, the PyidaungsuAttorney-
General and Deputy Attorney-General shall be allowed to continue to perform their

121
duties up to the time when the new Pyidaungsu Attorney-General and Deputy
Attorney-General have been appointed and assigned duties,
(2) The remaining tenure of office of the President of the State shall be prescribed
for the term of office of the new Attorney-General or Deputy Attorney-General.
(i)The duties, powers and privileges of Pyidaungsu Attorney General or Deputy Attorney-
General shall be prescribed by law.
11. In connection with prescribing the status of Pyidaungsu Attorney-General and Deputy
Attorney-General,
- Pyidaungsu Attorney-General is prescribed to be of the same status as Pyidaungsu
Minister and the Deputy Attorney-General is prescribed to be of the same status as
Deputy Minister, for the purpose of reference in prescribing by law responsibilities,
rights and privileges of Pyidaungsu Attorney-General and Deputy Attorney-General.
Union Auditor-General and Deputy Auditor-General

12. In connection with the term of the Auditor-General,
- It shall be called Pyidaungsu Auditor-General.
13. In connection with the appointment of and assignment of duties of Pyidaungsu Auditor-
General,
(a) with the approval of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, the President of the State shall appoint
a person, from among the Hluttaw representatives or persons who are not Hluttaw
representatives, having the following qualifications, Pyidaungsu Auditor-General so
as to audit State budget and report to the Pyithu Hluttaw and Amyotha Hluttaw;
(1) being a person who has completed the age of 45;
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representatives;
(3) (aa) who has been for at least ten years an auditor of not lower than the region
or the state level, or
(bb) who has been for at least twenty years a Registered Accountant or a
Certified Public Accountant, or
(cc) who is assumed by the President to be a well-known accountant,
statistician or economist of good reputation,
(4) being a person who is loyal to the State and the citizens;
(b)Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall not have the right to reject the person nominated by the
President to be appointed Pyidaungsu Auditor-General unless it can prove clearly
that he is not qualified for being Pyidaungsu Auditor-General,
(c)the President of the State has the right to submit new nomination to the Pyidaungsu
Hluttaw in place of a person who has not been approved to be appointed and assigned
as Pyidaungsu Auditor-General,
(d)Pyidaungsu Auditor-General is responsible to the President of the State.
14. In connection with impeachment of the Auditor-General of the Union,

(a) the Auditor-General of the Union may be impeached for any of the following:
(1) treason,
(2) violation of a provision of the Constitution,
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(3) moral turpitude,
(4) default in qualifications of the Auditor-General of the Union,
(b)If it is desired to impeach the Auditor-General of the Union, it shall be proceeded in
accord with the provisions for impeachment of the President or the Vice-President of
the State;
(c)If the Hluttaw conducting the inquiry decides and submits that the impeachment is
true and that the person impeached is not fit to keep on serving as the Auditor-
General of the Union, the President shall terminate that person’s performance of duties
as the Auditor-General of the Union;
(d) If the Hluttaw conducting the inquiry decides and submits that the impeachment is
false, it shall so be reported to the President of the State by the okkahta of the
Hluttaw concerned.
15. In connection with the appointment of the Deputy Auditor-General,
(a) The President of the State shall at own discretion appoint a person who possesses
the following qualifications, from among Hluttaw representatives or non-Hluttaw
representatives, as the Deputy Auditor-General to assist the Auditor-General of the
Union:
(1) person who has completed 40 years of age
(2)person who possessing qualifications prescribed for Pyithu Hluttaw
representatives, except for the age limit

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(3) (aa) person who has served at least ten years in an auditor’s post not lower
than Region or State level, or
(bb) person who has served as Registered Accountant or Certified Public
Accountant for at least 15 years, or
(cc) person whom the President of the State regards as one competent in
statistics, or accounting or economics with high repute.
(4) person loyal to the State and the citizenry,
(b) The Deputy Auditor-General shall be responsible to the Auditor-General, and through
the Auditor-General to the President of the State.
16. In connection with the tenure of post, the right to resign from the post, the right to
effect termination of duties, and the right to make appointments to fill vacant posts of
the Auditor-General of the Union and the Deputy Auditor-General etc,
(a) The tenure of the Auditor-General of the Union and the Deputy Auditor-General
shall normally be the same as that of the President of the State,
(b) The Auditor-General of the Union or the Deputy Auditor - General, in the event of
wishing to resign on own volition for some reason before the end of the tenure, may
submit so in writing to the President of the State and do so,
(c) The President of the State may order the resignation of the Auditor-General of the
Union or the Deputy Auditor - General who is unable to discharge the given duties
fully, or, in the event of non - compliance, shall order termination of duties of the
same,
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(d) In the event there comes about a vacancy in the post of the Auditor - General of the
Union or the Deputy Auditor - General due to resignation, termination of duties,
death or any other cause before the end of the tenure of post, the President of the
State may appoint- a new Auditor - General of the Union or Deputy Auditor - General
in accord with the provisions on appointment of the Auditor - General of the Union
or the Deputy Auditor - General as contained in the State Constitution. The tenure of
the Auditor-General of the Union or Deputy Auditor-General shall be only for the
remainder of the tenure of the President of the State,
(e) In the event the Auditor-General of the Union or the Deputy Auditor-General happens
to be a representative in a Hluttaw, this person shall be deemed to have resigned as
a Hluttaw representative from the date of appointment as the Auditor - General of
the Union or the Deputy Auditor-General,
(f) In the event the Auditor-General of the Union or the Deputy Auditor-General happens
to be a civil servant, this person shall be deemed to have retired as a civil servant in
accord with existing service regulations from the date of appointment as the Auditor-
General of the Union or the Deputy Auditor - General,
(g) In the event the Auditor-General of the Union or the Deputy Auditor-General happens
to be a member of a political party, this person shall not participate in Party activities
of that party organization during the tenure of the post from the date of appointment
as the Auditor-General of the Union or the Deputy Auditor - General,
(h) (1) In the event there comes about a vacancy in the post of the President of the State
who has appointed the Auditor- General of the Union and the Deputy Auditor-
126
General due to resignation, termination of duties, death or any other cause before
the end of the tenure of office, the new President of the State elected as replacement
may retain them or appoint a new Auditor-General of the Union and Deputy
Auditor -General in accord with the provisions on appointment of the Auditor -
General of the Union and the Deputy Auditor-General as contained in the State
Constitution. In such an event, the President of the State may have the incumbents
carry on in their posts till the new ones are appointed,
(2) The tenure of the Auditor-General of the Union and Deputy Auditor-General so
appointed as replacements shall be only for the remainder of the tenure of the
new President of the State.
(i)Duties, rights and privileges of the Auditor- General of the Union and Deputy Auditor-
General shall be prescribed by law.
17. In connection with the status of the Auditor-General of the Union and the Deputy
Auditor - General,
- the Auditor-General of the Union is prescribed to be of the same status as Union
Minister, and the Deputy Auditor-General is prescribed to be of the same status as
Deputy Minister, for the purpose of reference in prescribing by law duties, rights and
privileges of the Auditor-General of the Union and the Deputy Auditor-General.

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Formation of Union Civil Service Board

18. In connection with formation of the Union Civil Service Board,
(a) The President of the State shall form the Union Civil Service Board to carry out
duties of selecting and training personnel of civil service and laying down regulations
of civil service,
(b)The President of the State shall appoint persons who possess the following
qualifications as chairman and members of the Union Civil Service Board:
(1) person who is fully 50 years old
(2)person who possesses qualifications prescribed for Pyithu Hluttaw representatives
except for the age stipulation
(3) members of the intelligentsia and intellectuals mature in experience
(4) person loyal to the State and the citizenry
(5) person who is not a member of a political party
(6) person who is not a Hluttaw representative
(c) The chairman of the Union Civil Service Board shall be responsible to the President
of the State and members of the board shall be responsible to the chairman and
through the chairman of the board to the President of the State,
(d)The tenure of the chairman and members of the Union Civil Service Board shall
normally be the same as that of the President of the State,
(e) Formation of the Union Civil Service Board, duties, rights and privileges of the
chairman and members, resignation and termination of duties shall be prescribed by
law.
19. In connection with the status of the chairman of the Union Civil Service Board, the
chairman of the Union Civil Service Board is prescribed to be of the same status as
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Union Minister, for the purpose of reference in prescribing by law duties, rights and
privileges of the chairman of the Union Civil Service Board.
Region or State Government
20. In connection with the terms referring to leader of Region or State and members of
Region or State government,
(a) the leader of Region or State shall be known as Chief Minister of the Region or
State;
(b) members of Region or State government shall be known as Minister of the Region
or State.
21. In connection with formation of Region government or State government and
appointment of the Chief Minister of Region or State,
(a) Region government is formed in a Region and State government is formed in a State,
(b) Region or State government is formed with the following persons:
(1) Chief Minister of Region or State
(2) Ministers of Region or State
(3) Advocate - General of Region or State
(c)With the approval of Region or State Hluttaw concerned, the President of the State;
(1) may prescribe Region or State ministries as necessary, and may make changes or
additions to the ministries so prescribed;

129
(2) may prescribe the number of Region or State ministers as necessary and may
decrease and increase this number so prescribed;
(d) Chief Minister and Ministers of Region or State shall possess the following
qualifications:
(1) person who is fully 35 years old
(2) person who possesses qualifications prescribed for Region or State Hluttaw
representatives except for the age stipulation
(3) person who is loyal to the State and the citizenry
(e) For appointment as the Chief Minister of Region or State, the president of the State
shall
(1) select a suitable Hluttaw representative who possesses prescribed qualifications
from among Region or State Hluttaw representatives concerned;
(2) send the nomination of the selected Hluttaw representative to the Region or State
Hluttaw concerned and seek its approval thereof.
(f) The President of the State shall appoint the Hluttaw representative approved by
Region or State Hluttaw as the Chief Minister of Region or State
(g) Region or State Hluttaw shall have no right to turn down the Hluttaw representative
nominated by the President of the State for appointment as Chief Minister of Region
130
or State, unless it can clearly show that person does not fully possess the qualifications
prescribed for the post of the Chief Minister of Region or State
(h) The President of the State has the right to submit a new nomination to the Region or
State Hluttaw in place of the person who does not get approval of the Region or
State Hluttaw for appointment as the Chief Minister of Region or State.
22. In connection with the appointment of Region or State Ministers,
(a)In order to appoint Region or State Ministers, the Region or State Chief Minister
shall
(1) select suitable persons who possess prescribed qualifications from among the
Region or State Hluttaw representatives or non- Hluttaw representatives;
(2)ask a list of names of suitable Tatmadaw members from the Commander-in-Chief
of Defence Services to assign security and border affairs responsibilities;
(3)ask the nomination of the okkahta from the self-administered division or self-
administered zone leading body in the respective region or state;
(4) obtain the list of Hluttaw representatives elected to undertake the affairs of national
races in the respective region or state from the respective Election Commission.
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(b) The Region or State Chief Minister shall prepare together the list of persons he has
selected and that of Tatmadaw members nominated by the Commander- in- Chief of
Defence Services, submit them to the respective Region or State Hluttaw and seek
its approval;
(c) Region or State Hluttaw has no right to reject a person nominated by the Region or
State Chief Minister for the appointment of Region or State Minister unless it can
prove clearly the person concerned does not possess qualifications prescribed for
Region or State Ministers;
(d) the Region or State Chief Minister has the right to submit again the list furnished with
new name replacing the one who has not been approved by the Region or State
Hluttaw for the appointment of the Region or State Minister;
(e) the Region or State Chief Minister shall submit the names approved by the Region
or State Hluttaw, that of okkahta of the self-administered division or self- administered
zone and that of Hluttaw representatives elected to undertake the affairs of national
races for appointment as Region or State Ministers;.
(f) The President of the State shall appoint persons submitted by the Region or State
Chief Minister as Ministers; in appointing them, he shall allocate, in consultation with

132
the respective Region or State Chief Minister, the ministry or ministries which each
Region or State Minister is to take charge;
(g) The President of the State shall
(1) assign duties to the self- administered division okkahtas or self- administered zone
okkahtas who are Region or State Ministers, to undertake the affairs of respective
self -administered division or self- administered zone;
(2) assign duties to the Hluttaw representatives elected to undertake the affairs of
national races, who are Region or State Ministers, to undertake the affairs of the
national races concerned;
(h) The President of the State shall exercise relaxation of stipulation on age limit in the
State Constitution in appointing Region or State Ministers, the okkahta of the self -
administered division or self - administered zone or Hluttaw representatives elected
to undertake the affairs of national races;
(i) The President of the State, in consultation with the Chief Minister, may appoint
Ministers for self- administered division or self-administered zone and Ministers for
national race affairs as Ministers concurrently in charge of other ministries as well;

133
(j) The Region or State Chief Minister, if desirous of assigning Tatmadaw members as
Region or State Ministers for other responsibilities other than security and border
areas affairs responsibilities, shall coordinate with the Commander-in - Chief of
Defence Services, obtain the approval of the respective Region or State Hluttaw,
and submit it to the President of the State;
(k) The President of the State is to send intimation of the appointments of Region or
State Chief Minister and Ministers to the Region or State Hluttaw and Pyidaungsu
Hluttaw;
(l) (1)The Region or State Chief Minister Shall be responsible to the President of the
State.
(2)The Region or State Ministers shall be responsible to the Region or State Chief
Minister concerned, and, through the Chief Minister, to the President of the State.
(m) The term of office of the Region or State Chief Minister and Ministers shall normally
be the same as that of the President of the State.
23. In connection with impeachment of Region or State Chief Minister or any of the
Ministers,
(a)Region or State Chief Minister or any of the Ministers, shall be impeached for one of
the following reasons:
(1) treason,
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(2) violation of any of the provisions in the Constitution,

(3) misconduct,
(4) being disqualified for the post of Region or State Chief Minister or Minister under
the Constitution:
(b) If it is desired to impeach a Region or State Chief Minister or Minister for any of the
above reasons, a proposal in writing signed by not less than one - fourth of the total
membership of the Region or State Hluttaw shall be submitted to the okkahta of the
Hluttaw concerned,
(c) The Okkahta of the Hluttaw concerned shall form an investigation commission and
cause the charge to be investigated. The term pending the completion of the
investigation shall be determined depending on the magnitude of the charge,
(d) The Region or State Chief Minister or Minister thus charged shall have the right to
appear or to be represented at the investigation of the charge and be given the chance
to refute it,
(e) (1) The Okkahta of the Hluttaw shall report to the Region or State Hluttaw concerned
the results of the investigation submitted to him by the investigation commission
by which the charge against the Region or State Chief Minister or Minister has
been investigated, and then report to the President of the State if a resolution is
passed, supported by not less than two- thirds of the total membership of the
135
Hluttaw concerned, declaring that the charge has been substantiated and that of
the offence, the subject of the charge, is such as to render Region or State Chief
Minister or Minister unfit to continue in office;
(2) The President of the State, upon receipt of the submission, shall proceed to remove
the Region or State Chief Minister or Minister who has been impeached;
(3) If the Hluttaw concerned decides that the charge has been refuted, the Okkahta
of the Hluttaw concerned shall report the decision to the President of the State.
24. In connection with resignation, removal from office and filling the vacated post of a
Region or State Chief Minister or any of the Ministers, -
(a) If a Region or State Chief Minister or any of the Ministers desires to resign on his
own volition or any reason before the expiry of the term of office, he shall be permitted
to do so after he has submitted his letter of resignation to the President of the State,
(b) The President of the State shall
(1) instruct the Region or State Chief Minister or Minister, who is incapable of
performing duties properly, to resign, and proclaim removal from office in the
event of failure to comply with his instruction,

136
(2) coordinate with the Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services if the person to
resign or be removed from office is the Tatmadaw member Region or State
Minister nominated by the Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services.
(c) If the post of the Region or State Chief Minister or Minister becomes vacant in the
event of resignation, or being removed from office, or death, or any reason, the
President of the State shall take steps to fill the vacant post in accord with the provisions
of the Constitution in coordination with the Region or State Hluttaw. The remaining
tenure of the President of the State shall be prescribed for the term of office of the
newly appointed person,
(d) (1) If the Region or State Minister is a civil servant, he shall be deemed to have
retired from his position as civil servant in accord with the existing rules and
regulations from the date he is appointed the Region or State Minister;
(2) Tatmadaw members who have been appointed Region or State Ministers for
Security and Border Affairs of the Region or State Governments need not retire
or resign from the Tatmadaw.

137
(e) Responsibilities, rights and privileges of the Region or State Chief Minster and
Ministers shall be prescribed by law.
25. In connection with prescribing the status of the Region or State Chief Minister and
Minister,
- The Region or State Chief Minister is prescribed to be of the same status as Pyidaungsu
Minister and the Region or State Minister is prescribed to be of the same status as
Deputy Minister, for the purpose of reference in prescribing by law responsibilities,
rights and privileges of the Region or State Chief Minister or Minister.
Region or State General Administration Department

26. In connection with the head of the General Administration Department of the Region
or State concerned,
- The head of the General Administration Department of the Region or State concerned
shall act ex officio as secretary of the government of the Region or State concerned.
Moreover, the General Administration Department of the Region or State shall be the
office of the government of the Region or State concerned.
Region or State Attorney-General

27. In connection with the term referring to the Attorney-General of the Region or State,
- It shall be called the Advocate-General of the Region or State.
28. In connection with the appointment of and assigning duties to the Advocate-General of
the Region or State,
(a) The Chief Minister of the Region or State shall get the approval of the Region or
State Hluttaw concerned in appointing and assigning duties to a person, from among
Hluttaw representatives or non-Hluttaw representatives, having the following
138
qualifications as the Region or State Advocate-General in order to get legal advice
and assign duties of a legal character and submit the matter to the President:
(1) being a person who has attained the age of 40 years:
(2) being a person who possesses qualifications, except for age limit, prescribed for
Region or State Hluttaw representatives;
(3) (aa) being a person who has been for at least five years a judicial officer or a law
officer not lower than the Region or State level, or being a person who has
been for at least ten years a judicial officer or a law officer not lower than
district level, or
(bb) being a person who has been an advocate of the Taya Hluttaw (High
Court ) of at least 15 years’ standing.
(4) being a person loyal to the State and the citizenry.
(b) The Chief Minister of the Region or State concerned shall send a nominee after
obtaining approval from the Hluttaw concerned for assignment of duties as the
Advocate-General of the Region or State concerned, to the President who shall then
appoint him the Advocate-General of the Region or State concerned,
(c) The Region or State Hluttaw concerned has no right to reject the nominee to be
appointed Advocate-General of the Region or State concerned unless it can be clearly
proved that he does not fully possess qualifications prescribed for the post of the
Advocate-General of the Region or State,

139
(d) The Chief Minister of the Region or State has the right to submit again a new list
furnished with a new nominee replacing the person who has not been approved by
the Region or State Hluttaw concerned for appointment as the Advocate-General of
the Region or State concerned,
(e) The Advocate-General of the Region or State is member of the government of

that Region or State,
(f) The Advocate-General of the Region or State is

(i) responsible to the President of the State through the Chief Minister of the Region
or State concerned;
(ii) responsible to the Pyidaungsu Attorney-General and to the Chief Minister of the
Region or State concerned.
(g) If there arises a cause to impeach the Advocate-General of the Region or State, it
shall be proceeded in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution regarding
impeachment of the Chief Minister or a Minister.
(h) The Advocate-General of the Region or State is subject to provisions of the

Constitution prescribed for the Chief Minister of the Region or State or Ministers
concerning resignation, termination from duty, filling the vacant post and deeming the
person to have retired in case of being a civil service personnel,
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(i)Responsibilities, rights and privileges of the Advocate-General of the Region or State

29. In connection with prescribing the status of the Advocate-General of the Region or
State,
- The Advocate-General of the Region or State is prescribed to be of the same status as
the Region or State Minister for the purpose of reference in prescribing by law
responsibilities, rights and privileges of the Advocate-General of the Region or State.
Region or State Auditor-General

30. In connection with the term regarding the Auditor- General of the Region or State,
- It shall be called the Auditor- General of the Region or State.
31. In connection with appointment of and assigning duties to the Auditor-General of the
Region or State,
(a) The Chief Minister of the Region or State shall select a person from among Hluttaw
representatives or non - Hluttaw representatives who possesses the following
qualifications for appointment of and assigning duties as the Auditor-General of the
Region or State concerned to be able to audit the Region or State budget and submit
it to the Region or State, Hluttaw concerned, obtain approval of the Region or State
Hluttaw concerned and report the nomination to the President:
(1) being a person who has completed the age of 40;
(2) With the exception of age limit, being a person who has qualifications prescribed
for Region or State Hluttaw representative,
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(3) (aa) being a person who has been for at least five years an auditor not lower than
Region or State level, or who has been for at least ten years an auditor not lower
than district level, or
(bb) being a person who has been for at least 15 years a Registered Accountant
or a Certified Public Accountant;
(4) being a person who is loyal to the State and the citizenry.
(b) The Chief Minister of the Region or State shall send a nominee, after obtaining
approval from the Hluttaw concerned for assignment of duties as the Auditor- General
of the Region or State concerned, to the President who shall then appoint the person
the Auditor- General of the Region or State concerned,
(c) The Region or State Hluttaw concerned has no right to reject the nominee to be
ap-pointed Auditor - General of the Region or State concerned unless it can be
clearly proved that he does not fully possess qualifications prescribed for the post of
the Auditor-General of the Region or State,
(d) The Chief Minister of the Region or State has the right to submit again a new list
furnished with a new nominee replacing the person who has not been approved by
the Region or State Hluttaw concerned for appointment as the Auditor- General of
the Region or State concerned,

142
(e) The Auditor-General of the Region or State is

(i) responsible to the President through the Chief Minister of the Region or State
concerned;
(ii) responsible to the Pyidaungsu Auditor-General and to the Chief Minister of the
Region or State concerned.
(f) If there arises a cause to impeach the Auditor- General of the Region or State , it shall
be proceeded in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution regarding
impeachment of the Chief Minister of the Region or State or a Minister,
(g) The Auditor- General of the Region or State is subject to provisions of the Constitution
prescribed for the Chief Minister of the Region or State or Ministers concerning
resignation, termination from duty, filling the vacant post and deeming the person to
have retired in case of being a civil service personnel,
(h) Responsibilities, rights and privileges of the Auditor- General of the Region or State
32. In connection with prescribing the status of the Auditor-General of the Region or
State,
- The Auditor- General of the Region or State is prescribed to be of the same status as
the Region or State Minister for the purpose of reference in prescribing by law
responsibilities, rights and privileges of the Auditor- General of the Region or State.
143
Self-Administered Division or Self-Administered Zone Administrative Body
33. In connection with the term referring to the administrative body of the self-administered
division or self-administered zone,
- The administrative body of the self- administered division or self- administered zone
shall be called the oo-zi aphwe (leading body) of the self- administered division or oo-
zi aphwe (leading body) of the self administered zone.
34. In connection with the formation of the self- administered division leading body and
the self- administered zone leading body,
(a) Being self- administered areas, self- administered divisions and self- administered
zones are of equal status,
(b) There are self- administered division leading bodies and self- administered zone
leading bodies formed in the self administered divisions and the self administered
zones respectively. The leading bodies exercise legislative power vested in them
under the Constitution,
(c) There shall include at least 10 members in the self- administered division leading
body or the self -administered zone leading body,
(d) The self- administered division leading body or the self -administered zone leading
body shall be constituted with the following persons:
(1) Region or State Hluttaw representatives elected from townships in the self-
administered division or self-administered zone concerned;
(2) Tatmadaw member representatives nominated according to law by the
Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services in order to assign duties regarding
security or border affairs:
(3) additional representatives chosen and assigned by persons stated in sub-
paragraphs (1) and (2).
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(e) members of the self- administered division leading body or self-administered zone
leading body stated in above paragraph (d) (1) and (2) are to choose, after
consultations among themselves, a suitable person as the self- administered division
okkahta or self- administered zone okkahta out of the region or state Hluttaw
representatives elected from the townships in the self- administered division or self-
administered zone. The person thus chosen is to be submitted to the President of the
State through the respective Region or State Chief Minister,
(f) The President of the State is to appoint the submitted nominee as the Okkahta of the
respective self-administered division or self- administered zone,
(g) The Okkahta of the self- administered division or self -administered zone is Minister
in the region or state concerned. Except this method of appointing Region/State
Minister, provisions in the Constitution will also apply to the self- administered
division Okkahta or self- administered zone Okkahta,
(h) The Okkahta of the self- administered division or self- administered zone and members
of the leading body concerned shall,
(1) choose one representative for each national race, if there is any, the population of
which is upwards of at least 10,000, residing in the self- administered division or
self-administered zone as leading committee member with the exception of national
races who have already got regions or states of their own. The person chosen and
145
appointed as leading committee member shall possess qualifications prescribed
for region or state Hluttaw representatives.
(2) choose suitable persons as members from among those residing in the self-
administered division or self-administered zone concerned, who possess
qualifications prescribed for region or state Hluttaw representatives, if the
membership is not up to ten in the self-administered division leading body or self-
administered zone leading body concerned so that membership will become at
least ten.
(i)The Commander- in -Chief of Defence Services shall assign as necessary one - fourth
of the total membership with Tatmadaw members in the self -administered division
leading bodies or self- administered zone leading bodies.
(j) Tatmadaw members nominated according to law by the Commander-in - Chief of
Defence Services to be assigned as members of the self-administered division leading
bodies or self-administered zone leading bodies shall possess qualifications of the
region or state Hluttaw representatives,

146
(k)(1) The Okkahta of the respective self-administered division leading bodies or self-
administered zone leading bodies shall announce the names of members of the
self-administered division leading body or self-administered zone leading body.
(2) The Okkahta of the self-administered division leading body or self-administered
zone leading body shall be responsible to the respective region or state Chief
Minister and through the Chief Minister to the President of the State.
(3) Members of the self-administered division leading bodies or self-administered
zone leading bodies shall be responsible to the Okkahta.
(4) The term of office, taking action, resignation, termination of duty and filling
up vacant posts of the Okkahta and members of the self-administered
division leading bodies or self-administered zone leading bodies shall be
prescribed by law.
(l) Duties, rights and privileges of the Okkahta and members of the self-administered
division leading bodies or self-administered zone leading bodies shall be prescribed
by law.
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Self-administered Division or Self-administered Zone General Administration
Department
(m)The head of General Administration Department in the respective self-administered
division or self-administered zone concerned shall serve as secretary of the self-
administered division leading body or self-administered zone leading body. Moreover,
the General Administration Department in the self-administered division or self-
administered zone shall be the office of the self-administered division leading body or
self-administered zone leading body.
Administration of Nay Pyi Taw
35. In connection with administration of Nay Pyi Taw that is Union territory,
(a) Nay Pyi Taw, that is Union territory, shall include all districts and townships within
Nay Pyi Taw city development limits that exist on the day this Constitution comes
into force.
(b) The President of the State may, as necessary, effect changes in demarcation of
districts and townships in Nay Pyi Taw that is Union territory.
(c) The President of the State
(1) shall constitute a Nay Pyi Taw Council;
(2) shall appoint persons who possess prescribed qualifications as chairman and
members of Nay Pyi Taw Council;
(3) shall obtain from the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services a nomination
of suitable Tatmadaw member or members who possess prescribed qualifications

148
for appointment as Council member or members for coordination of matters of
security of Nay Pyi Taw that is Union territory;
(4) may, as necessary, prescribe, in accord with law, the number of members, including
the chairman, to serve on Nay Pyi Taw Council.
(d) The chairman and members of Nay Pyi Taw Council shall possess the following
qualifications:
(1) person fully 35 years old;
(2) person who possesses qualifications prescribed for Pyithu Hluttaw representatives
except for the age stipulation;
(3) person who possesses other qualifications prescribed by the President of the
State;
(e) The chairman of Nay Pyi Taw Council shall be responsible to the President of the
State; members shall be responsible to the chairman of Nay Pyi Taw Council and
through the latter to the President of the State.
(f) In connection with tenure, right to resign, termination of duties, and appointment to
fill vacated posts of the chairman and members of Nay Pyi Taw Council,
(1) The tenure of the chairman and members of Nay Pyi Taw Council shall normally
be the same as that of the President of the State;

149
(2) The chairman or a member of Nay Pyi Taw Council, in the event of wishing to
resign on own volition for some reason before the end of the tenure, may submit
so in writing to the President of the State and do so;
(3) The President of the State
(aa) may order the resignation of the chairman or a member of Nay Pyi Taw
Council who is unable to discharge the given duties fully or, in the event of non-
compliance, shall order termination of the duties of the same.
(bb) shall act in coordination with the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence
Services in the case of a Tatmadaw member who is a member of Nay Pyi Taw
Council that is to resign or that is going to get termination of duties.
(4) In the event there comes about a vacancy in the post of the chairman or a member
of Nay Pyi Taw Council due to resignation, termination of duties, death or any
other cause, the President of the State may appoint a new chairman or member of
Nay Pyi Taw Council in accord with the provisions in the State Constitution. The
tenure of the new chairman or member of Nay Pyi Taw Council shall be only for
the remainder of the tenure of the President of the State.
(g) In the event the chairman or member of Nay Pyi Taw Council happens to be a
representative in a Hluttaw, this person shall be deemed to have resigned as a Hluttaw

150
representative from the date of appointment as the chairman or member of Nay Pyi
Taw Council.
(h) In the event the chairman or member of Nay Pyi Taw Council happens to be a civil
servant, this person shall be deemed to have retired or resigned as a civil servant in
accord with existing service regulations from the date of appointment as the chairman
or member of Nay Pyi Taw Council.
(i) Tatmadaw member or members who are appointed member or members of Nay Pyi
Taw Council for coordination of matters of security of Nay Pyi Taw need not retire
or resign from the Tatmadaw.
(j) In the event the chairman or member of Nay Pyi Taw Council happens to be a
member of a political party, this person shall not participate in party activities of that
party organization during the tenure of the post from the date of appointment as the
chairman or member of Nay Pyi Taw Council.
(k) Formation of Nay Pyi Taw Council, duties, rights and privileges of the chairman and
members of Nay Pyi Taw Council shall be prescribed by law.
(l) The head of General Administration Department of Nay Pyi Taw is the secretary of
Nay Pyi Taw Council. General Administration Department of Nay Pyi Taw is the
office of Nay Pyi Taw Council.
36. In connection with prescribing of status of the chairman and members of Nay Pyi Taw
Council,
- The chairman of Nay Pyi Taw Council is prescribed as of the same status as Union
Minister, for purpose of reference in prescribing by law duties, rights and privileges of
the chairman and members of Nay Pyi Taw Council.
151
37. In connection with administration at district and township level,
- administration at district and township level shall be carried out, assigned to State
service personnel.
38. In connection with administration at ward or village tract level,

-administration at ward or village tract level shall be carried out, assigned in accord with
law, to a person of integrity respected by the community.
tkycf sKyaf &;qkid &f mtmPmcGaJ 0rI
Sharing of the Executive Power

153
Sharing of the executive power
Powers and Functions of the President
1. The President shall be responsible to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw. The Vice-Presidents
shall be responsible to the President and also to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw through the
President.
2. To be able to discharge the duties assigned in accord with the Constitution or any of
the law, the National Defence and Security Council led by the President shall be formed
with the following persons:
1. President
2. Vice-President
3. Vice-President
4. Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw
5. Speaker of the Amyotha Hluttaw
6. Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services
7. Deputy Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services
8. Minister for Defence
9. Minister for Foreign Affairs
10. Minister for Home Affairs
11. Minister for Border Affairs
3. The President shall have

(a) the right of pardon
(b) the right of amnesty in accord with recommendation of the National Defence and
Security Council.
154
4. The President shall

(a) confer honours and awards
(b) revoke titles, honours and awards.
5. The President shall establish or sever diplomatic relations with foreign nations with the
approval of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw. But in the cases which need immediate action, the
President shall coordinate with the National Defence and Security Council to sever
diplomatic relations with foreign nations, and he shall seek the approval of the Pyidaungsu
Hluttaw concerning the action taken by him.
6. The President of the Union, in accord with law,

(a) shall appoint and recall the diplomats of the country;
(b) shall agree on the appointment of foreign diplomats and send information on the
recall
(c) shall accept the letters of accreditation presented by foreign diplomats.
7. The President of the Union, in accord with law, shall appoint and dismiss heads of
bodies of public services.
8. The President of the Union, in accord with law,

(a) shall enter into, ratify or annul international, regional or bilateral treaties, or withdraw
from such treaties with the approval of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw; and
155
(b) shall enter into, ratify or annul international, regional or bilateral treaties which do
not require the approval of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, or withdraw from such treaties.
9. The President of the Union shall have the right to occasionally deliver an address or a
message to the meeting of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, or the meeting of the Pyithu Hluttaw or
the Amyotha Hluttaw, or to the whole country on any matter regarding the policies and
conditions of the State.
10. The President of the Union shall communicate with the Speaker of the Pyidaungsu
Hluttaw to summon an emergency or special session of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw if necessary.
11. (a) Except Union budget matters, the President shall have the right to issue an ordinance
on administrative matters that need immediate action during intervals between
sessions of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.
(b) If the President has not withdrawn the ordinance issued under sub para (a), he
shall submit the ordinance for approval to the nearest session of the Pyidaungsu
Hluttaw within 60 days after the promulgation of the ordinance. If the Pyidaungsu
Hluttaw has not any schedule to hold a session within 60 days, the President shall
cause to convene a special session of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw for approval.
(c) The ordinance shall cease to have effect from the date on which it is disapproved
by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.

156
(d) The ordinance issued by the President will be in force with the approval of the
Pyidaungsu Hluttaw till required date.
(e) Even such an ordinance is revoked within 60 days after its promulgation; it shall be
submitted to the nearest session of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.
(f) If such an ordinance contains provision which the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw has no right
to make decision according to the Constitution, that provision ceases to have
effect.
12. The President shall
(a) in coordination with the National Defence and Security Council, formed within
the framework of the Constitution, take suitable military action in the face of
aggression against the State;
(b) submit the action so taken to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw for approval if it is in session
or call an emergency meeting to present the matter for approval if the Pyidaungsu
Hluttaw is not in session.
(c) declare war or make peace only with the assent of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.
13. The President shall sign the laws passed and enacted by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw after
taking action according to the provisions of the Constitution. Such signed laws shall be
promulgated in the official Gazette.

157
14. The President shall not be responsible for answering to any Hluttaw or to any Court
for the exercise or performance of the duties and functions vested in him by this Constitution
or any of the existing laws or for any of his actions in the exercise and performance of these
powers and functions. But the exemption should not concern the stipulation contained in
this Constitution in connection with the impeachment made against him.

158
The executive powers of the Union Government
1. Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the executive power of the Union extends
to the matters with respect to which the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw has power to make laws.
2. Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the executive authority of the Union, shall
be vested in the President; but nothing in his section shall prevent the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw
from conferring duties and functions upon any authoritative body, or any person in authority,
or be deemed to transfer to the President of the State any functions vested in any authoritative
body concerned of any other person in authority concerned by existing laws.
3. (a) All executive actions of the Union Government shall be expressed in the name of
the President.
(b) Orders and instruments made and executed in the name of the President shall be
authenticated in such manner as may be specified in rules to be made by the
President. In addition, the validity of an order or instrument which is so authenticated
shall not be in question on the ground that it was not done by the President.
(c) The President shall make rules for the transaction of the business of the Union
Government, and for the allocation of the said business among the ministers of the
Union Government or to the official responsible under a certain law, except matters
conferred on him by this Constitution to act in his own discretion.

159
(d) Without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing provisions, the allocation of
business by the President may be region-wise as well as subject-wise.
4. The Union Government upholds and maintains stability, peace, and the prevalence of
law and order in the country.
5. The Union Government shall lay down its policies in accord with the stipulations contained
in this Constitution. The Union Government shall draw necessary projects in accord with
the policies and implement them with the approval of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.
6. Based on annual budgets of the Union, drawn after coordination with the Financial
Commission, the Union Government shall draft the bill on Union budget, and shall submit
it to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw in the line with the stipulations contained in this Constitution
for approval.
7. The Union Government shall have the right to use the funds within the allotment of the
current expenditure included in the latest-enacted Union budget law of the Pyidaungsu
Hluttaw, if the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw cannot approve the Union Government-submitted bill
before the end of fiscal year.
8. The Union Government shall submit the bill concerning the matters the Pyidaungsu
Hluttaw can enact into law within the framework of the provisions of this Constitution, and
shall submit it to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.
9. The ministries of the Union Government shall manage, guide and supervise their
subordinate government departments and organizations to ensure that the said subordinate
160
bodies are conducting their functions in accord with the stipulations of this Constitution
and the existing laws.
10. The Union Government cooperates and coordinates with the region government, the
state government, and the self-administered area leading body to enable them to effectively
and successfully carry out their tasks.
11. The Union Government, save constitutional disputes and the disputes over the re-
delineation of territorial boundary, shall —
(a) cooperate, coordinate and make decisions if necessary on disputes over
administration between regions and states; among regions; among states; between
regions or states and self-administered areas; and among self-administered areas;
and
(b) cooperate, coordinate and solve the disputes over administration between regions
or states and Union territories and between self-administered areas and Union
territories; and make decisions if necessary.
12. The Union Government, in accordance with law, shall —
(a) constitute Union-related service organizations as necessary, and stipulate the duties
and functions for such organizations; and
(b) appoint the required number of staff.

161
13. The Union Government shall —

(a) implement administrative resolutions passed occasionally by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw,
and submit the measures it has taken to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.
(b) submit the report on the entire affairs of the Union to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw on
an occasional basis.
Executive power of the region or state government

1. Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the executive power of the region or state
government extends to the matters with respect to which the region or state Hluttaw has
power to make laws. Moreover, in such manner, the executive power of the region or
state government also extends to the matters with respect to which the region or state
government has been allowed to carry out in accord with any of the Union laws.
2. The region and state governments shall have the responsibility to assist the Union
Government in its drive to ensure the stability of the State, community peace and tranquillity
and the rule of law.
3. Subject to the policies adopted by the Union Government and Union laws, the region
or state governments shall implement the projects in connection with the task to be
implemented in the respective regions or states with the approval of the region or states
hluttaw.
4. Region or State governments shall submit to the respective Hluttaws of the Regions and
States the budget bill of the Regions and States concerned based on the annual budget of
the Union Government on accord with the provisions in this Constitution.
162
5. If the Region or State Hluttaw cannot pass the bill on the budget of the region or state
submitted by the region or state government concerned, before the end of fiscal year, the
said region or state government shall have the right to use the funds within the allotment of
the current expenditure included in the last-enacted budget law of the region or state hluttaw.
6. In accordance with the provisions of Constitution, the region or state government shall
have the right to submit to the Region or State Hluttaw the necessary Bill relevant to the
matters embodied in the Region or State Legislative List.
7. The region or state government shall—
(a) manage, guide, supervise and inspect the performance of the region or state ministries
and their subordinate government departments and organizations to ensure that
they conduct their functions in accordance with the provisions of this Constitution,
or with those of the existing laws.
(b) supervise, inspect, cooperate and coordinate in accordance with law the
performance of the civil service organizations discharging duties in their respective
regions or states.
163
8. To implement the tasks under its charge in accordance with the Union Law for State
Civil Service, or through coordination in advance with the Union government, the region
or state government shall—
(a) establish civil service organizations of region or state as necessary;
(b) appoint the required number of civilian staff.
9. The region or state government shall—
(a) implement the resolutions occasionally passed by the Region or State Hluttaw
concerned, and submit the report on the measures taken to the Region or State
Hluttaw concerned.
(b) submit the report on the entire affairs of its area to the Union government and to
the Region or State Hluttaw concerned.
10. The region or state government shall implement the tasks occasionally assigned by the
Union government.
Executive power of leading body of self-administered divisions and self-
administered zones
1. Subject to provisions of the Constitution, the self-administrative power of the self-
administered division and self-administered zone leading bodies extends to the following
matters:
(a) with respect to which the self-administered division and self-administered zone
leading bodies has power to make laws;

164
(b) with respect to which the self-administered division and self-administered zone
leading body has power to implement matters in accord with any law enacted by
the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw; and
(c) with respect to which the self-administered division and self-administered zone
leading body has power to implement matters in accord with any law enacted by
the respective Region or State Hluttaws.
2. Self-administered division or self-administered zone leading body has the duty to help
the Union Government in its drive to ensure stability of the State, community peace and
tranquillity and the rule of law.
3. The self-administered division or the self-administered zone leading bodies shall
(a) subject to the policies of the Union Government, draw work programmes for
development of their territory and shall coordinate the matter with the respective
region government or state government;
(b) draw annual budgets and coordinate with the region or state government concerned
in accord with the provisions of the Constitution for approval;
(c) have the right to use the allotted budget funds included in the budget law of the
region or state concerned;
(d) use the fund of the current expenditure permitted within the last-enacted budget
law of the hluttaw of the region or state concerned if they cannot obtain the budget
allotment in time due to region or state hluttaw’s failure to enact the budget law
before the end of fiscal year.

165
4. Self-administered division and self-administered zone leading bodies shall, in accord
with the law, supervise and coordinate the functions of civil service organizations discharging
duties in their territory.
5. The self-administered division and self-administered zone leading bodies shall submit
reports stating the general situation of the territory to the Union Government and the region
or state government concerned.
6. The self-administered division and self-administered zone leading bodies shall carry out
the task assigned occasionally to them by the Union Government and the region or state
government concerned.
166
State Service personnel
1. State service personnel shall be free from party politics.
2. Matters as to the appointment of employees, promotion, retirement, the enforcement of
rules, the designation of service rules, and taking of action against service personnel shall
be in accordance with law.
3. As to occupational security for State service personnel; the sufficiency of food, clothing
and shelter needs; maternal rights for married women service personnel; and the provision
of food, clothing and shelter assistance to the retired, necessary laws shall be enacted.
4. Given the unusual nature of the responsibility of the Tatmadaw members, who are State
service personnel, they shall be dealt with according to military laws.
5. Given the unusual nature of the responsibility of Myanmar Police Force members,
who are State service personnel, separate laws shall be enacted for them.
tcef; (6)
w&m;pD&ifa&;tcef;
Chapter (VI)
Judiciary
167
Chapter (VI)
Judiciary
1. In connection with the distribution of judicial powers of the State,
The judicial power of the State is distributed,
(a) in accordance with the State Constitution or by other Laws, among the Supreme
Court of the Union, High Courts of the Regions, High Courts of the States, Courts
of the self-administered divisions, Courts of the self-administered zones, District
Courts, Township Courts, other courts constituted by law and judges appointed
in accordance with law.
(b) in accordance with the State Constitution or by other laws, among Courts Martial,
(c) in accordance with the State Constitution, to the Constitutional Tribunal.
Constitution of the Supreme Court of the Union
2. In connection with the constitution of the Supreme Court of the Union,
(a) In the State is constituted one Supreme Court of the Union. The Supreme Court of
the Union is the supreme law court of the State which shall not affect judicial
powers vested in the Constitutional Tribunal and Courts Martial.

168
(b) (1) The head of the Supreme Court of the Union shall be called Chief Justice of the
Union;
(2) in the Supreme Court of the Union, judges of the Supreme Court of the Union
including the Chief Justice of the Union shall be appointed from a minimum
number of seven to maximum 11.
(c) (1) The President of the State shall submit the nomination of the person suitable to
be appointed as the Chief Justice of the Union to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw and
seek the approval of it;
(2) Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall not have the right to reject the person nominated by
the President for appointment of the Chief Justice of the Union unless it can
clearly prove that the person do not meet the qualifications for the post prescribed
in the Constitution;
(3) The President of the State has the right to submit again the list furnished with
new name replacing the one who has not been approved by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw
for the appointment of the Chief Justice of the Union;
(4) The President of the State shall appoint the person who has been approved by
Pyidaungsu Hluttaw as the Chief Justice of the Union.

169
(d) (1) The President of the State, in consultation with the Chief Justice of the Union,
shall submit the nomination of persons suitable to be appointed as the Judges
of the Supreme Court of the Union to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw and seek the
approval of it;
(2) Pyidaungsu Hluttaw has no right to reject persons nominated by the President
of the State for the appointment of Judges of the Supreme Court of the Union
unless it can prove clearly the persons concerned do not possess the
qualifications prescribed for Judges of the Supreme Court of the Union in the
Constitution;
(3) The President of the State has the right to submit again the list furnished with
new name replacing the one who has not been approved by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw
for the appointment of a Judge of the Supreme Court of the Union;
(4) The President of the State shall appoint the persons approved by Pyidaungsu
Hluttaw as Judges of the Supreme Court of the Union.
Qualifications of the Chief Justice of the Union and Judges of the Supreme Court
of the Union
3. In connection with qualifications of the Chief Justice of the Union and Judges of the
Supreme Court of the Union,
The Chief Justice of the Union and Judges of the Supreme Court of the Union shall
(a) be not younger than 50 years and not older than 70;
170
(b) possess qualifications, except for age limit, prescribed for Pyithu Hluttaw
representative;
(c) (1) have been for at least five years as a judge of the High Court of a region or state,
or
(2) have been a judicial officer or law officer for at least ten years not lower than
region or state level, or
(3) have been an advocate of a High Court of at least 20 years’ standings;
(4) have been assumed by the President to be a legal expert of prominent reputation.
(d) be loyal to the State and the citizenry;
(e) not be a member of a political party;
(f) not be a Hluttaw representative.
Impeachment of the Chief Justice of the Union or Judges of the Supreme Court of
the Union
4. In connection with the powers to be vested in the President of the State,
(a) The President of the State shall impeach the Chief Justice of the Union or a Judge of
the Supreme Court of the Union for any of the following reasons,
(1) treason,
(3) misconduct,
171
(4) being disqualified for the post of the Chief Justice of the Union or a Judge of
the Supreme Court of the Union under the Constitution,
(b) If it is desired to impeach the Chief Justice of the Union or a Judge of the Supreme
Court of the Union, the President of the State shall submit the charge to the Nayaka
of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.
(c) The Nayaka of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall form an investigation commission
and cause the charge to be investigated according to law.
(d) In forming the investigation commission, equal number of representatives of the
Pyithu Hluttaw and Amyotha Hluttaw shall be included and a suitable person out of
the commission members shall be appointed as chairman of the investigation
commission.
(e) The term pending the completion of the investigation shall be determined depending
on the magnitude of the charge.
(f) The President of the State may explain the charge made by him before the
investigation commission personally or through a representative. He has the right to
submit evidence and witnesses.
(g) The person thus charged shall have the right to appear or to be represented at the
investigation of the charge and be given the chance to refute it.
(h) The Nayaka of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall report to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw the
findings of the investigation commission.
(i) If a decision is passed, supported by two-thirds of the total membership of the
Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, declaring that the charge has been substantiated and that the
172
Chief Justice of the Union or a Judge of the Supreme Court of the Union thus
charged is such as to render him unfit to continue in office, the Nayaka of the
Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall report the decision to the President of the State.
(j) The President of the State then proceed to remove the Chief Justice of the Union
or a Judge of the Supreme Court of the Union who has been impeached.
(k) If the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw decides that the charge has been refuted, the Nayaka of
the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall report the decision to the President of the State.
5. In connection with the impeachment of the Chief Justice of the Union or a Judge of the
(a) The Chief Justice of the Union or a Judge of the Supreme Court of the Union shall
be impeached for any of the following:
(1) treason,
(4) being disqualified for the post of the Chief Justice of the Union or a Judge of
the Supreme Court of the Union under the Constitution
(b) If it is desired to impeach the Chief Justice of the Union or a Judge of the Supreme
Court of the Union, it shall be done so in accord with the provisions of the Constitution
173
regarding the impeachment of the President or Vice President of the State.

(c) However, if the Hluttaw concerned submits report that the charge has been
substantiated and the offence, the subject of the charge, is such as to render the
Chief Justice of the Union or a Judge of the Supreme Court of the Union unfit to
continue in office, the President of the State shall proceed to proclaim the removal
of the Chief Justice of the Union or a Judge of the Supreme Court of the Union.
(d) If the Hluttaw concerned decides that the charge has been refuted, the Okkahta of
the Hluttaw concerned shall report the decision to the President of the State.
The term of the Chief Justice of the Union and Judges of the Supreme Court of
the Union
6. In connection with the term of office of the Chief Justice of the Union and Judges of the
The chief Justice of the Union and Judges of the Supreme Court of the Union are to
hold office up to the age of 70 unless one of the following occurs:
(a) resignation of own accord;
(b) being removed from office after impeachment in accordance with the provisions of
the Constitution;
(c) permanent disability due to either physical or mental defects shown by medical
board of examinations prescribed by law, or any other cause rendering them unfit
to carry on duties;
(d) death.
174
7. In connection with the Chief Justice of the Union or Judges of the Supreme Court of the
Union having to be free from party politics and retiring from civil service,
(a) the Chief Justice of the Union and Judges of the Supreme Court of the Union must
be free from party politics;
(b) the Chief Justice of the Union or Judges of the Supreme Court of the Union, if he
happens to be a civil servant, must be deemed to have retired from civil service, in
accord with existing service regulations from the date of appointment as the Chief
Justice of the Union or Judges of the Supreme Court of the Union.
8. In connection with duties, rights and privileges of the Chief Justice of the Union or
Judges of the Supreme Court of the Union,
duties, rights and privileges of the Chief Justice of the Union or Judges of the Supreme
Court of the Union shall be prescribed by law.
9. In connection with the status of the Chief Justice of the Union or Judges of the Supreme
Court of the Union,
- the Chief Justice of the Union is prescribed to be of the same status as the Vice-
President and Judges of the Supreme Court of the Union are prescribed to be of
the same status as Union Ministers, for the purpose of reference in prescribing by
law duties, rights and privileges of the Chief Justice of the Union or Judges of the
Supreme Court of the Union.
Formation of High Courts of Region or State

10. In connection with formation of High Courts of Region or State,
(a) there is a High Court of the Region in every Region, and a High Court of the State
in every State.
175
(b) (1) the leader of High Court of the Region or High Court of the State shall be
known as Chief Justice of the High Court of the Region or Chief Justice of the
High Court of the State.
(2) In a High Court of the Region or High Court of the State, a minimum of three
and a maximum of seven Judges of the High Court of the Region or the High
Court of the State, inclusive of Chief Justice of the High Court of the Region or
Chief Justice of the High Court of the State, may be appointed.
(c) (1) the President of the State, in coordination with the Chief Justice of the Union
and the Chief Minister of the Region or State concerned, shall prepare a
nomination of the Chief Justice of the High Court of Region or State, and the
Chief Minister of the Region or State concerned, in coordination with the Chief
Justice of the Union shall prepare a nomination of the Judges of the High Court
of the Region or State concerned, and they shall send them to the Region or
State Hluttaw concerned.
(2) Region or State Hluttaw concerned shall not have the right to reject the person
nominated by the President of the State in coordination with the Chief Justice
of the Union and the Chief Minister of the Region or State concerned, to be
176
appointed Chief Justice of the High Court of the Region or State, or the persons
nominated by the Chief Minister of the Region or State concerned, in
coordination with the Chief Justice of the Union, to be appointed Judges of the
High Court of the Region or State concerned, unless it can prove clearly that
the person or persons do not fully possess qualifications prescribed for the
Chief Justice of the High Court of the Region or State and Judges of the High
Court of the Region or State as contained in the Constitution.
(3) There is right to present new nomination as prescribed in place of persons
rejected as in sub-paragraph 2 above.
(4) the President of the State shall appoint persons approved by Region or State
Hluttaw as the Chief Justice of the High Court of Region or State and Judges
of the High Court of the Region or State.
Designation of qualifications of the Chief Justice of the High Court of the Region
or State and Judges of the High Court of the Region or State
11. In connection with the qualifications of the Chief Justice of the High Court of the
Region or State and Judges of the High Court of the Region or State,
- the Chief Justice of the High Court of Region or State and Judges of the High
Court of the Region or State shall possess the following qualifications:
(a) person not younger than 45 and not older than 65 years of age;
177
(b) person who possess qualifications prescribed for Region or State Hluttaw
representative except for the age stipulation;
(c) (1) person who has served at least five years as judicial service personnel or law
service personnel of not lower than Region or State level or at least ten years
as judicial service personnel or law service personnel of not lower than district
level, or
(2) a person who has served as advocate for at least 15 years, or
(3) person whom the President of the State regards as a prominent legal
expert.
(d) person loyal to the State and the citizenry;
(e) person who is not a member of a political party:
(f) person who is not Hluttaw representative:
Impeachment of the Chief Justice of the High Court of Region or State and Judges
of the High Court of Region or State
12. In connection with empowering the President of the State and the Chief Minister of
Region or State,
(a) The President of the State may impeach the Chief Justice of the High Court of
Region or State, and the Chief Minister of Region or State may impeach a Judge of
the High Court of Region or State, for any of the following:
(1) treason,
178
(2) breach of a provision of the Constitution,
(4) Losing qualifications prescribed for the Chief Justice of the High Court of Region
or State or Judge of the High Court of the Region or State,
(b) In the event the president of the State wishes to impeach the Chief Justice of the
High Court of Region or State, or the Chief Minister of Region or State wishes to
impeach a Judge of the High Court of Region or State, he shall send the impeachment
to the Region or State Hluttaw Okkahta.
(c) Region or State Hluttaw Okkahta shall form an inquiry committee and have it
conduct inquiries in accord with law.
(d) The inquiry committee shall be formed with Region or State Hluttaw representatives,
and a suitable one from among them shall be appointed chairman of the inquiry
committee.
(e) The time allowed to conduct and complete the inquiry shall also be prescribed,
with due consideration of the volume of work involved in the inquiry.
(f) The president of the State or the Chief Minister of Region or State may, in person
or through a representative explain the impeachment before the inquiry committee,
and has also the right to produce evidence and witnesses.

179
(g) The person impeached shall be given the right of self-defence, in person or through
a representative, in the inquiry.
(h) The Okkahta of the Region or State Hluttaw shall report to the Region or State
Hluttaw on the results of the investigation on the charge submitted to him by the
investigation committee.
(i) If it is decided that the charge is correct and that the Chief Justice or judge of High
Court of the region or State is not fit to continue in office, then it is to be supported
by not less than two-thirds of the total membership of the Hluttaw of the Region or
State and the Okkahta of the Hluttaw shall submit the matter to the President if it
is the case of the Chief Justice of High Court of the Region or State and to the
Chief Minister of the Region or State concerned if it is the case of a judge of the
High Court of the Region or State. The Chief Minister of the Region or State
concerned, on receiving the report, shall submit it to the President.
(j) The President, on receiving the reports, shall order the removal from office of the
Chief Justice or judge of the High Court of Region or State.
(k) If the Hluttaw of the Region or State concerned decides that the charge against the
Chief Justice or judge of the High Court of Region or State has been refuted, the
Okkahta of the Hluttaw concerned shall report the decision to the President if it is
the case of the Chief Justice of High Court of the Region or State and to the Chief
Minister of the Region or State concerned if it is the case of the Judge of High
Court of the Region or State.

180
13. In connection with impeachment of the Chief Justice or any of judges of High Court of
Region or State,
(a) The Chief Justice or a judge of the High Court of Region or State shall be impeached
for any of the following:
(1) treason;
(2) violation of any of the provisions of the Constitution;
(3) misconduct;
(4) being disqualified for the post of Chief Justice or judge of the High Court of
Region or State as prescribed in the Constitution.
(b) If there arises a cause to impeach a Chief Justice or a judge of the High Court of a
Region or State for any of the above offences, a proposal in writing signed by not
less than one-fourth of the total membership of the Region or State Hluttaw shall
be submitted to the Okkahta of the Hluttaw concerned.

181
(c) The Okkahta of the Hluttaw concerned shall cause the charge to be investigated
by a committee. The term pending the completion of the investigation shall be
determined depending on the magnitude of the charge.
(d) The Chief Justice or judge of the High Court of the Region or State who is charged
shall have the right to appear or to be represented at the investigation of the charge
and be given the chance to refute;
(e) The finding made by the investigation committee on the charge made by the Region
or State Hluttaw against the Chief Justice or judge of the High Court of a Region or
State shall be submitted to the Okkahta of the Hluttaw concerned. If a resolution
is passed, supported by not less than two-thirds of the total membership of the
Hluttaw concerned, deciding that the charge is such as to render the Chief Justice
or judge of the High Court of the Region or State unfit to continue in office, the
Okkahta of the Hluttaw shall submit the decision to the President if it is the case of
the Chief Justice of the High Court of Region of State and to the Chief Minister of
the Region or State concerned if it is the case of a judge of the High Court of
Region or State. The Chief Minister of the Region or State concerned, on receiving
the report, shall submit it to the President.

182
(f) The President, on receiving the reports, shall order the removal from office of the
Chief Justice or judge of the High Court of Region or State.
(g) If the Hluttaw of the Region or State concerned decides that the charge against the
Chief Justice or Judge of the High Court of the Region or State has been refuted,
the Okkahta of the Hluttaw concerned shall submit the decision to the President if
it is the case of the Chief Justice of the High Court of Region or State and to the
Chief Minister of the Region or State concerned if it is the case of a judge of the
High Court of Region or State.
The term of the Chief Justice or judges of the High Court of the Region or State
14. In connection with term of office of the Chief Justice or judges of the High Court of the
Region or State,
- the Chief Justice or judges of the High Court of the Region or State shall have the
right to serve till they are fully 65 years of age if there does not arise any of the
following reasons:
(a) voluntary resignation;
(b) termination of service after impeachment in accordance with the provisions of the
Constitution;
(c) becoming unfit to continue service for permanent disability due to physical or mental
impairment as certified by the medical board prescribed by law;
(d) death.
183
15. In connection with the need for the Chief Justice or judges of the High Court of the
Region or State to be free from party politics and to retire from civil service,
(a) the Chief Justice or judges of the High Court of the Region or State shall be free
from party politics;
(b) the Chief Justice or judges of the High Court of the Region or State, if they happen
to be civil servants, shall be considered as having retired from civil service in
accordance with existing civil service regulations from the date they are appointed
the Chief Justice or judges of the High Court of the Region or State.
16. In connection with responsibilities, rights and privileges of the Chief Justice or judges
of the High Court of the Region or State, responsibilities, rights and privileges of the Chief
Justice or judges of the High Court of the Region or State shall be prescribed by law.
17. In connection with the status of the Chief Justice or judges of the High Court of the
Region or State, the Chief Justice of the High Court of the Region or State is prescribed to
be of the same status as the Union Minister and the judge of the High Court of the Region
or State is prescribed to be of the same status as Deputy Minister for the purpose of
184
reference on prescribing by law responsibilities, rights and privileges of the Chief Justice or
judges of the High Court of the Region or State.
Courts under the supervision of the High Court of the Region or State
18. In connection with formation of various levels of courts under the supervision of the
High Court of the Region or State:
Under the supervision of the High Court of the Region or State, there are the following
levels of courts.
(a) if there is no self-administered areas in the Region or State,
(1) district courts,
(2) township courts;
(b) if there is self-administered area in the Region or State,
(1) in the self-administered division
(aa) court of the self-administered division,
(bb) township courts;
(2) in the self-administered zone
(aa) court of the self-administered zone,
(3) in other areas
(aa) district courts.
(4) in the Union territory
(1) district courts
(2) township courts
(c) other courts set up by law.
185
19. In connection with appointment of judges, giving them judicial powers, prescribing
their duties, rights and privileges and formation of service organizations at these courts and
their duties, rights and privileges:
(a) appointing judges at various levels of courts under the supervision of the High
Court of the Region or State, giving them judicial powers and prescribing their
duties, rights and privileges shall be in accord with law;
(b) forming service organizations comprising officers and other ranks at the Supreme
Court of the Union, High Courts of Regions or States and other courts and
prescribing duties, rights and privileges of service personnel in them shall be in
accordance with law.

w&m;pD&ifa&;qkid &f m tmPmcGaJ 0rI
Sharing
of the Judicial Power
187
The sharing of the judicial power
Exclusive original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of the Union
“1. (a) The Supreme Court of the Union shall have the exclusive original jurisdiction—
(1) in all matters arising under any treaty made by the Union;
(2) the disputes, other than the constitutional disputes, between the Union
Government and region or state governments,
(3) the disputes, other than the constitutional disputes, among the regions, among
the states, between regions and states, between Union territories and regions
or states,
(4). other matters prescribed by any laws
(b) as the Supreme Court of the Union is the highest court of the Union, it is also the
final court of appeal
(c) as the judgements passed by the Supreme Court of the Union are final and
conclusive, no right of appeal shall be permitted
(d) The Supreme Court of the Union, subject to any provisions of this Constitution or
any provisions of other laws, shall have appellate jurisdiction to decide on the
judgments passed by the region or state high courts. The Supreme Court of the
Union shall also have the appellate jurisdiction to decide on, according to the law,
the judgments passed by the other courts.

188
(e) The Supreme Court of the Union shall have the revisional jurisdiction in accordance
with law.
2. (a) The Supreme Court of the Union has the power to issue the following writs:
(1) Writ of habeas corpus
(2) Writ of mandamus
(3) Writ of prohibition
(4) Writ of quo warranto
(5) Writ of certiorari
(b) The application to issue writs shall be suspended in the areas where the state of
emergency is declared.
Jurisdiction of the high courts of Region or State

3. The high courts of regions or states are vested with the following jurisdiction in
accordance with law:
(a) adjudicating on original case
(b) adjudicating on appeal case
(c) adjudicating on revision case
(d) adjudicating on matters vested by any law
4. (a) With regard to the judicial matter, Mandalay Region High Court is the high court of
the courts situated in Nay Pyi Taw.
(b) In case any area located in regions or states is designated to be a Union territory,
the region or state high court concerned with regard to the judicial matter is the high
court of the courts situated in the said Union territory.
189
Jurisdiction of courts at various levels
5. District courts, self-administered division courts and self-administered zone courts
have the jurisdiction with regard to original criminal cases, original civil cases, or appeal
cases and revision cases, or the matters vested by any law.
6. Township courts have the jurisdiction with regard to original criminal cases, original
civil cases, or the matters vested by any law.
7. The judges appointed in accordance with law are to take charge of the entire judicial
affairs on the Union at the courts formed according to this Constitution or any of other
laws.
8. The Supreme Court of the Union shall submit judiciary budget to the Union government
to express them in the Bill of the Annual Union Budget in accordance with the provisions
of this Constitution.
9. The Chief Justice of the Union shall have the right to submit the important
judiciary condition concerning the State or the public to the session of the
Pyidaungsu Hluttaw or the Pyithu Hluttaw, or the Amyotha Hluttaw on an occasional
basis.”
tcef; (7)
wyfrawmftcef;
Chapter (VII)
The Tatmadaw
191
Chapter (VII)
The Tatmadaw
1. The Tatmadaw is the sole existing patriotic Armed Forces which is strong, efficient
and modern.
2. The Tatmadaw is mainly responsible for safeguarding the State Constitution.
3. The Tatmadaw is mainly responsible for safeguarding non-disintegration of the Union,
non-disintegration of national solidarity and perpetuation of sovereignty.
4. The Tatmadaw must play a leading role in safeguarding the Union of Myanmar against
all internal and external dangers. The Tatmadaw is the core armed forces for national
defence.
5. With the approval of National Defence and Security Council, the Tatmadaw has the
right to administer for participation of the entire people in the State security and defence.
The people’s militia strategy shall be formed with Tatmadaw’s leadership.
6. All the armed forces in the nation shall be under the command of the Tatmadaw.
7. The Defence Services Commander-in-Chief is the Supreme Commander of all armed
forces.
8. As a reference in designating the official position of the Commander-in-Chief, the
Commander-in-Chief is designated as the Vice-President level.

192
9. The President shall appoint the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services with the
proposal and approval of the National Defence and Security Council.
10. The Tatmadaw has the right to independently administer all affairs concerning the
armed forces.
11. Military justice for members of the Tatmadaw may be administered according to law
by a panel or by a judge.
12. The decision of the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services is final in military
justice.
13. A law shall be promulgated to provide assistance and care for families of the disabled
and deceased or fallen Tatmadaw members.
14. The Tatmadaw must render assistance to the people in case of the occurrence of a
calamity in the nation that affects the nation and the people.
tcef; (8)
Edik if o
H m;? Edik if o
H m;rsm;\rlvtcGit
fh a&;ESifh
wm0efrsm;tcef;
Chapter (VIII)
Citizenship, Fundamental Rights

and Duties of Citizens
193
Chapter VIII
Citizenship, Fundamental Rights and Duties of Citizens
1. All persons who have either one of the following requirements are citizens of the Union
of Myanmar:
(a) All persons born of parents both of whom are nationals of the Union of Myanmar.
(b) Persons who are vested with citizenship according to the existing laws on the date
this Constitution comes into force.
2. Citizenship, naturalization and revocation of citizenship shall be as prescribed by the
law.
3. The State shall enable any citizen to enjoy equal rights before the law and shall equally
provide legal protection.
4. The State shall not discriminate against or in favour of any citizen based on race, birth,
religion, official position, status, culture, sex and wealth.
5. Citizens shall enjoy equal rights in the following areas:
(a) civil service;
(b) occupation;
(c) trade;
(d) business;
(e) technical know-how and profession;
(f) exploration of arts, science and technology.

194
6. Women shall be entitled to the same rights and salaries as that received by men in
respect of similar work.
7. Mothers, children and expectant women shall enjoy rights as prescribed by law.
8. The State shall, in appointing or assigning duties, not discriminate against or in favour of
any citizen with qualifications set for posts or duties based on race, birth, religion, and
sex.
However, noting in this section shall prevent appointment of men to the positions that
are naturally suitable for men only.
9. Nothing shall, except in accord with existing laws, be detrimental to the lives and personal
freedom of any citizen.
10. There shall be liberty in the exercise of the following rights subject to the laws enacted
for State security, prevalence of law and order, community peace and tranquillity or
public order and morality:
(a) The right of the citizens to express freely their convictions and opinions;
(b) The right of the citizens to assemble peacefully without arms;
(c) The right of the citizens to form associations and unions;
(d) The right of the citizens to develop their language, literature, culture they cherish,
religion they profess, and customs without prejudice to the relations between one
national race and another, or among national races and to other faiths.
195
11. Every citizen shall have the right to settle and reside in any place within the State
according to law.
12. The State shall, according to law, protect every citizen’s movable assets and immovable
assets lawfully earned and acquired.
13. The State shall, by law, protect the premises and security of the home, property,
correspondence and other communications of citizens subject to the provisions of this
Constitution.
14. The State prohibits enslaving of man and trafficking in persons.
15. The State prohibits any form of forced labour except hard labour as a punishment for
crime duly convicted and duties assigned thereupon by the State in accord with the
law in the interests of the people.
16. Every citizen is equally entitled to freedom of conscience and the right to freely profess
and practise religion subject to public order, morality or health and to the other provisions
of the State Constitution.
17. The above right shall not include any economic, financial, political or other secular
activities that may be associated with religious practice.
18. The freedom so guaranteed shall not prohibit the State from enacting laws for the
purpose of social welfare and reform.

196
19. The State recognizes the special position of Buddhism as the faith professed by the
great majority of the citizens of the State.
20. The State also recognizes Christianity , Islam, Hinduism and Animism as the religions
existing in the Union on the date on which the State Constitution comes into force.
21. The State shall render assistance and protect as it possibly can the religions it recognizes.
22. The abuse of religion for political purposes is forbidden; and any act which is intended
or is likely to provoke feelings of hatred, enmity or discord between racial or religious
communities or sects is contrary to the State Constitution. A law may be adopted to
punish such actions.
23. Every citizen shall, in accord with the law, have the right to freely develop literature,
culture, arts, customs and traditions they cherish. In the process, they shall avoid any
act which is to the detriment of national solidarity. Any particular action in this respect
which might adversely affect the interests of one or several other national races shall
be taken only after consulting with and ascertaining the consent of those affected.
24. Every citizen, in accord with the education policy laid down by the Union, shall:
(a) have the right to education;

197
(b) be given basic education prescribed by the law as compulsory;
(c) have the right to innovate and express conscience for the development of science,
literature and arts, and freely conduct research on culture.
25. Every citizen, in accord with the health policy laid down by the State, shall have the
right to health care.
26. The State shall encourage and provide, based on qualifications, assistance for citizens
outstanding in education, irrespective of race, religion, and sex.
27. Subject to this Constitution and relevant laws, every citizen shall have the right to elect
and to stand for election to the Pyithu Hluttaw, the Amyotha Hluttaw, and the Region
or State Hluttaw.
28. Respective electorate shall have the right to recall a Hluttaw member in accord with
the law.
29. Every citizen shall have the right to freely do any business in accord with the law for the
national economic growth.
30. The State shall help national businessmen have access to technologies, investments,
machinery, and raw materials for national economic growth.
31. In doing business, without prejudice to the stipulations contained in this Constitution or
existing laws, every citizen is guaranteed the rights of property ownership, using assets,
initiation, and copyright by the Union.

198
32. No person shall be convicted of crime except for violation of a law in force at the time
of the commission of the act charged as an offence. Moreover, he shall not be subject
to a penalty greater than that is applicable.
33. Any person convicted or acquitted by a competent court for an offence shall not be
retried unless a superior court annuls the judgment and orders to retry the case.
34. An accused person shall have the right of defence in accordance with the law.
35. No citizen shall, except matters on precautionary measures taken in accordance with
law for the security of the State or prevalence of law and order or the peace and
tranquillity and interests of the people or matters permitted under an existing law, be
held in custody for more than 24 hours without the remand of a competent magistrate.
36. Every citizen shall have the right to apply to the Supreme Court of the Union through
appropriate proceedings to enjoy the rights guaranteed under this Chapter.
37. In order to bestow the rights granted under this Chapter, the Supreme Court shall
have the power to issue the following writs as appropriate.
(a) Writ of Habeas Corpus;
(b) Writ of Mandamus;
(c) Writ of Prohibition;
(d) Writ of Quo Warranto;
(e) Writ of Certiorari.

199
The right to issue writs by the Supreme Court of the Union shall not affect the right to
issue orders which are in the nature of writs by other courts invested to them under
existing laws.
38. At the time of occurrence of the following situations, the rights to enjoy rights under
paragraph 36 shall not be suspended unless the public safety may so require.
(a) in time of war;
(b) in time of foreign invasion;
(c) in time of insurrection.
39. Every citizen, at home or abroad, dealing with foreign countries shall have the right to
seek protection of the State.
40. Except in the following situations, the grievances of the citizens legally entitled under
law shall not be refused:
(a) in time of foreign invasion;
(b) in time of insurrection;
(c) in time of emergency.
41. If some of the rights prescribed in this chapter that concern members of the defence
forces or the forces charged with the maintenance of public order so as to ensure
200
fulfilment of their duties and the maintenance of discipline are needed to be restricted
or abrogated, they shall be done so only through enactment of necessary law.
42. Every citizen is under a duty to uphold:
(a) Non-disintegration of the Union;
(b) Non-disintegration of national solidarity;
(c) Perpetuation of sovereignty.
43. Every citizen is under a duty to abide by the provisions of the Constitution.
44. Every citizen is under a duty to safeguard independence, sovereignty, territorial integrity
of the Union of Myanmar.
45. Every citizen is under a duty to undergo military training in accordance with the provisions
of the law and to serve in the armed forces to defend the State.
46. Every citizen, charged with Union Spirit, is under a duty to enhance unity among
national races and to ensure community peace and stability.
47. Every citizen is under a duty to build a modern developed nation.
48. Every citizen is under a duty to pay taxes levied under the law.
201
49. Every citizen is under a duty to contribute towards the following tasks being carried
out by the State:
(a) preservation and safeguarding of national cultural heritage;
(b) environmental conservation;
(c) development of human resources;
(d) protection of public property.
50. In this Chapter and Chapter (I) “State Fundamental Principles”, the term “State”
means a body or a person that exercises legislative and executive powers by this
Constitution according as the context may require.

tcef; (9)
a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufjcif;tcef;
Chapter (IX)
Election
203
Chapter (IX)
Election
Election of members to the Hluttaws
1. In electing members to Hluttaws—
(a) Every citizen who has attained 18 years of age on the date on which elections
commence, who is not disqualified by law, who is eligible to vote, and who has the
right to vote under the law, shall have the right to vote.
(b) Every citizen who is eligible to vote and who has the right to vote by the law shall
cast only a vote for each Hluttaw at a constituency.
(c) In addition, people of national races concerned who are eligible to vote in accord
with the provisions of the State Constitution shall have the right to vote in electing
representatives of national races to the Region of State Hluttaw concerned.
(d) Ballot shall be exercised.
2. The following persons shall have no right to vote —
(a) members of the Religious Order;
(b) persons serving prison terms;
(c) persons adjudged to be of unsound mind as provided for in the relevant law;
(d) persons who have not yet been cleared from being declared destitute; and
(e) persons who are banned from voting under the election law.
204
3. At an election, a candidate —
(a) shall be elected to a Hluttaw only.
(b) shall stand for election at one constituency only.
4. (a) Electorate residing in the Union territories, or the Union territories designated by the
Pyidaungsu Hluttaw under the law, shall elect members of the Pyithu Hluttaw and
the Amyotha Hluttaw only.
(b) Save as otherwise prescribed by the Constitution, a Region or State Hluttaw member
elected in a constituency that the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw has designated as a Union
territory shall no longer stand as a Hluttaw member.
5. Every citizen who is not disqualified by the provisions of this Constitution and the
provisions of the law regulating elections shall have the right to stand for election to a
Hluttaw.
Recalling a Hluttaw member
6. (a) A Hluttaw member may be recalled for any of the following reasons—
(1) treason;
(2) violation of any provision of the Constitution;
(3) misbehaviour;
(4) lack of qualifications prescribed in the Constitution for a Hluttaw member;
205
(b) Complaint about the Hluttaw member endorsed by at least one percent of initial
number of the voters of the constituency concerned shall be submitted to the Union
Election Commission.
(c) Union Election Commission shall conduct investigation into the case in accord with
the law.
(d) While the case is under investigation, the Hluttaw member concerned shall have the
right to rebut the accusation in person or through a representative.
(e) The Union Election Commission shall, finding the accusation true and considering
the Hluttaw member should no longer carry out duties, take action in accord with
the law.
7. The Union Hluttaw shall prescribe necessary laws on election and recall.
Formation of Union Election Commission
8. (a) The President shall form a Union Election Commission. In the process, he may
appoint at least five members including the chairman of the Union Election
Commission in accord with the provisions on appointment of Union minister stated
in the Constitution.
(b) The chairman and members of the Union Election Commission shall be the ones
who—
(1) have attained 50 years of age.
(2) meet, except age limit, requirements set for Pyithu Hluttaw members.
206
(3) (aa) have served in the post of Union Chief Justice or Supreme Court Justice;
Region or State High Court judge or in a position equivalent to the post of
Region or State High Court judge at least five years; (or)
(bb) have served in the post of judicial officer or law officer that is not lower than
Region or State level for at least 10 years; (or)
(cc) have practised law as the advocate for at least 20 years; (or)
(dd) are deemed to be eminent persons by the President.
(4) are well-experienced with good characters.
(5) comply with provisions, with which they have no right to stand for election as
Pyithu Hluttaw members.
(6) are loyal to the State and the people.
(7) are not members of a political party.
(8) are not Hluttaw members.
(9) do not accept any other positions from which they can enjoy salaries and
allowances.
Duties of the Union Election Commission
9. Duties of the Union Election Commission are as follows: -
(a) holding Hluttaw elections;
(b) supervising Hluttaw elections, and forming and supervising sub-commissions at all
levels;
207
(c) designating and arranging constituencies;
(d) making and arranging lists of voters;
(e) postponing elections that are not in a position to be held in a free and fair way in
some constituencies due to natural disasters or local security;
(f) issuing necessary laws on elections and political parties in accord with the provisions
of this Constitution and procedures and directives in accord with the laws concerned;
(g) forming electoral tribunals to resolve electoral disputes;
(h) discharging duties assigned under a law.
Impeachment of the chairman or a member of the Union Election Commission
10. (a) The President may impeach the chairman or a member of the Union Election
Commission for any of the following reasons:
(1)treason;
(2)violation of any provision of the Constitution;
(3)misbehaviour;
(4)lack of qualifications prescribed in the Constitution for a Hluttaw member;
(5)inefficient discharge of duties assigned to him in accord with the law.

208
(b) procedures shall be taken in accord with the provisions of the State constitution on
impeachment of the Union Chief Justice or a Supreme Court Justice.
11. (a) If the chairman or a member of the Union Election Commission in service wishes to
resign of his own accord due to his health condition or any of other reasons, he
may submit his resignation to the President.
(b) If the seat of the chairman or a member of the Union Election Commission is
vacant due to resignation, termination of duties, death, or any other reasons, the
President may appoint a new chairman or a member of the Union Election
Commission in accord with the provisions on appointment of a Union minister
enumerated in the State Constitution.
(c) If the chairman or a member of the Union Election Commission is a government
employee, he shall be deemed to have resigned from civil service in accord with
the existing civil service rules and regulations from the date he is appointed as the
chairman or a member of the Union Election Commission.
Decisions and functions of Union Election Commission
12. The Union Election Commission’s decisions and functions over the following matters
shall be final and conclusive:
(a) electoral procedures;
(b) appeals and amendments on electoral tribunals’ decisions and orders;
(c) matters taken under political party law.

209
13. Duties, powers and rights of the chairman and members of the Pyidaungsu Election
Commission shall be prescribed by law.
14. The status of the chairman of the Union Election Commission is designated to be
equivalent to the position of a Vice-President, and that of a member, to the position of
a Union minister in order to make reference to duties, powers and rights of the chairman
and members of the Union Election Commission in prescribing laws.

tcef; (10)
Edik if aH &;ygwDrsm;tcef;
Chapter (X)
Political Parties
211
Chapter X
Political Parties
Formation of Political Parties

1. Political parties
(a) set the objective — non-disintegration of the Union, non-disintegration of national
solidarity and perpetuation of sovereignty.
(b) have the duty to be loyal to the State.
2. A political party shall:
(a) accept and practise discipline-flourishing genuine multiparty democracy.
(b) abide by the Constitution and the existing laws.
(c) be legally registered as a political party.
3. In accord with the law, a political party shall have the right to:
(a) organize freely;
(b) to stand for the elections.
No continued existence of a political party

4. The continued existence of a political party shall not be permitted if —
(a)it has been declared as an unlawful organization in accord with the existing law;
(b) it makes connections with or provides support and assistance to insurgent groups
waging an armed rebellion against the State, organizations or persons the State has
announced as the ones committing terrorist acts or organizations the State has
declared unlawful;
212
(c)it directly or indirectly receives financial, material and other assistance from the
government or a religious organization, or any other organization or an individual
person of a foreign country;
(d) it abuses religion for political purpose.
5. If the body having the authority to register political parties finds that a political party
has violated any one of the points stated in the above-mentioned subparagraphs (a),
(b), (c) or (d), the party’s registration shall be revoked.
6. The Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall enact necessary laws concerning the political parties.
tcef; (11)
ta&;ay:umvqdik &f mjy|mef;csurf sm;tcef;
Chapter (XI)

213
Chapter XI
1. If the President learns that or if the respective local administrative body submits that
the administrative functions cannot be carried out in accord with the Constitution in a
Region or a State or a Union territory or a Self-Administered Area, he shall, after
coordinating with National Defence and Security Council, issue order having the force
of law to declare a state of emergency.
2. In the matters concerning the declaration of a state of emergency in accord with the
paragraph 1, the President shall have the power to:
(a) exercise the executive power of the Region or State or Self-Administered Area
concerned. Moreover, he shall form a suitable body and entrust the executive
power to an organization concerned, or to a suitable person.
(b) In doing so, out of the legislative matters of the respective Regions and States
and the Self-Administered Areas, the President shall have the power to exercise
the legislative power concerning the executive affairs. But the legislative power
shall not be entrusted to any body or any person.
3. (a) When there arises or there is sufficient reason to arise a state of emergency endangering
life and property of the people or if the respective local administrative body submits
that there is sufficient reason to arise such a state of emergency in a Region or a
State or a Union territory or a Self-Administered Area or in any part of them, the

214
President after consulting with the National Defence and Security Council may
issue an order having the force of the law to declare a state of emergency.
(b) If not all the members of the National Defence and Security Council can attend
the meeting in which the President consults with the National Defence and Security
Council as prescribed in the above paragraph (a), the President, may after
coordinating with the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services, the Deputy
Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services, the Minister of Defence and the
Minister of Home Affairs who are the members, declare a state of emergency in
time. The declaration shall be submitted to the National Defence and Security
Council soonest for approval.
4. In connection with the declaration of a state of emergency in accord with the
paragraph 3,
(a) local administrative bodies and members, and civil services and members shall
take the assistance of the Tatmadaw to be able to effectively carry out their
functions in accord with the existing laws in order to swiftly restore the situation
of an area where a state of emergency has been declared.
(b) the President shall issue martial law order if necessary. In doing so, the President
shall prescribe in the martial law order the administrative powers and functions
and judicial powers and functions concerning community peace and the rule of
law entrusted to the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services. The

215
Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services shall exercise the powers and
functions himself or empower them to a suitable military officer.
5. The President when issues an ordinance having the force of law and declares a state
of emergency shall:
(a) specify the area covered by the ordinance and the duration.
(b) if necessary, restrict or suspend one or more provisions of the fundamental rights
of the citizens residing in the area affected by a state of emergency declaration.
6. The President from the date of the promulgation shall present the measures taken in
accord with the paragraphs 1 and 2 and the measures taken in accord with the
paragraphs 3 and 4:
(a) to the nearest Pyidaungsu Hluttaw session within 60 days for approval.
(b) shall cause to convene a special session of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw for approval,
if the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw has not any schedule to hold a session within 60 days.
7. (a) If the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw session approves the submission of the President
concerning the matters prescribed in the paragraph 6, the ordinance having the
force of law shall be still in force till the fixed date and time.
216
(b) In addition to the approval, if the period of the ordinance is extended, the ordinance
having the force of law shall be still in force till the extended time and date.
(c) The ordinance shall cease to have effect from the date and time on which it is
disapproved by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw session.
8. When there arises or there is sufficient reason to arise a state of emergency that may
cause disintegration of the Union, disintegration of national solidarity and loss of national
sovereignty, due to take over of sovereign State power or attempts by wrongful forcible
means such as insurgency or violence, the President after consulting with the National
Defence and Security Council shall proclaim an ordinance and shall declare a state of
emergency. The proclamation shall stipulate that the area that the ordinance is in force
is the entire nation and that its duration is one year from the date it is proclaimed.
9. (a) In declaring a state of emergency under paragraph 8, the President shall declare
the transfer of legislative, executive and judicial powers to the Commander-in-
Chief of the Defence Services to enable the latter to take necessary measures in
order to restore the nation to normal situation. It shall be deemed that all the
Hluttaws and leading bodies beginning from the date of declaration shall terminate
all their legislative functions. It shall be also deemed that when the term of the
respective Hluttaws ended they are automatically dissolved.

217
(b) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Constitution, all the members of the
bodies and members of the leading bodies of the Self-Administered Division or
Self-Administered Zones, except from the President and Vice-Presidents,
assigned with the approval of the Hluttaws in accord with the Constitution are
terminated from their duties beginning from the date the State power is transferred
to the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services.
10. The Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services who has been transferred the State
power shall have the power to exercise the legislative, executive and judicial powers.
The Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services shall exercise the legislative power
by himself or shall form a body with his own participation to exercise the legislative
power. He shall empower a suitable body or a suitable person to exercise the executive
and judicial powers.
11. The Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services during the declaration of a state of
emergency shall restrict or suspend a provision or more than one provision of the
fundamental rights of citizens, as necessary.
12. (a) The President shall proclaim a state of emergency according to the paragraphs 8
and 9 and shall submit the matter concerning the transfer of State power to the
Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw if the
Pyidaungsu Hluttaw is in session, and shall convene an emergency session of the
Pyidaungsu Hluttaw if it is not in session to submit the matter.
218
(b). The President after consulting with the National Defence and Security Council
shall normally extend the period to six months at a time for two times if the
Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services presents a submission giving reasonable
fact to him to extend the period if the Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services
has not yet accomplished his duties assigned to him. Concerning the matter, the
Pyidaungsu Hluttaw emergency session shall be called.
13. The President shall, after receiving the report of the Commander-in-Chief of Defence
Services concerning the completion of the duties assigned to him annul the order
empowering the State power to the Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services in
accord with the paragraph 9 after consulting with the National Defence and Security
Council, on the date of his submission after convening the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw
emergency session if the term of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw is not ended yet, or on the
date he receives it from the Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services if the term of
the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw is ended.
14. The President shall, after receiving the report of the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence
Services in accord with the paragraph 13, revoke the suspension of legislative functions
of all the Hluttaws and leading bodies if the term of the Hluttaw has not ended yet. The
President shall assign duties to the new Constitutional executive and judicial bodies in
accord with the Constitution. The bodies shall discharge duties only for the remaining
period of the term of the Hluttaw.
15. Even though the term of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw has ended the President, the Vice-
Presidents, the Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw and the Speaker of the Amyotha Hluttaw
219
shall remain in their positions till the new President, the new Vice-Presidents, the new
Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw and the new Speaker of the Amyotha Hluttaw have
been elected in accord with the Constitution.
16. The National Defence and Security Council, at the end of the term of Pyidaungsu
Hluttaw, shall normally extend the period to six months at a time for two times if the
Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services presents a reasonable submission to
extend the period as the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services has not yet
accomplished his duty assigned to him.
17. In connection with the matter of transferring the State power to the Commander-in-
Chief of the Defence Services by the President after declaring a state of emergency,
the National Defence and Security Council shall, after receiving the report on the
completion of the functions of the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services,
declare to annul the order empowering the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence
Services to exercise State sovereign power in accord with the paragraph 9.
18. The National Defence and Security Council shall:

(a) exercise the legislative power, executive power and judicial power before the
Hluttaws are formed in accord with the Constitution.
(b) have the right to exercise the State sovereign power till the time a new President
has been elected and Union level organizations formed in accord with the provisions
contained in the Constitution. In so doing, the National Defence and Security
Council shall exercise the legislative power by itself. The National Defence and
220
Security Council shall empower a suitable body or a suitable person to exercise
the executive and judicial powers at Union, Region, State, Self-Administered
Division and Self-Administered Zone levels.
19. The National Defence and Security Council shall form the constitutional administrative
bodies at different levels, leading bodies of Self-Administered Division and Self-
Administered Zone and Union Election Commission with suitable persons whose
qualifications meet the stipulations contained in the Constitution and assign duties to
them.
20. The National Defence and Security Council shall hold a general election in accord
with the provisions of the Constitution within a period of six months beginning from
the date on which the order is annulled in accord with the paragraph 17.
21. The bodies formed according to the paragraph 19 shall continue to carry out their
functions till legislative, executive and judicial bodies have been formed according to
the Constitution after the general election.
22. The National Defence and Security Council shall exercise the State power in the
name of the President.
23. During the time a state of emergency has been declared, the measures taken officially
by a local administrative body or its member or a civil service or its member or a
military body or its member, formed in order to take measures to restore security,
stability, community peace and the rule of law soon on behalf of the President or
during the period the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services is exercising the
221
State power or during the period the National Defence and Security Council is
exercising the State power, shall be legitimate. No legal action shall be taken against
them for those legitimate measures.

tcef; (12)
zGUJ pnf;ykt
H ajccHOya'jyifqifjcif;tcef;
Chapter (XII)

223
Chapter XII
1. If there is wish to amend any of the provisions of this Constitution, the following
methods shall be applied:
(a) The proposal to amend the Constitution shall be submitted in the form of a Bill.
(b) A Bill to amend the Constitution shall contain no other proposals.
2. Such Bill to amend the Constitution shall be initiated in the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.
3. The Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall accept the Bill to amend the Constitution for
consideration, if 20 per cent of all the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw members submit it.
4. (a) The adopted provisions of the State Fundamental Principles, the State Structure,
the Formation of Legislature, the Formation of Executive, the Formation of
Judiciary, and the State of Emergency shall be amended with the prior approval
of more than 75 per cent of all the members of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, in a
nation-wide referendum only with a majority vote of more than half of those who
have the right to vote.
(b) Provisions other than those mentioned in the paragraph (a) shall be amended
only with a majority vote of more than 75 per cent of all the members of the
Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.
224
(c) Articles that are relevant to or inclusive in Chapters stated in the paragraph (a)
shall be prescribed when the Constitution is drafted.

tcef; (13)
Edik if aH wmftvH? txdr;f trSww f q
H yd ?f
oDcsi;f ESiNfh rKd Uawmftcef;
Chapter (XIII)
State Flag, State Seal, National

Anthem and the Capital
225
Chapter XIII
State Flag, State Seal, National Anthem and the Capital
Regarding the State Flag,
(1) The State Flag shall be prescribed as follows:
The Flag is marked with yellow, green and red stripes in a proportionate ratio. On
the green stripe in the centre of the State Flag is a large white star touching all the
three stripes directing upwards.
(2) Law shall be promulgated concerning the State Flag.
Regarding the State Seal,
The State Seal shall be as shown below.
Regarding the National Anthem,
The present National Anthem shall be prescribed as the National Anthem.
Regarding the Capital,
The capital of the State is Nay Pyi Taw.

tcef; (14)
ul;ajymif;a&;umvjy|mef;csurf sm;tcef;
Chapter (XIV)
227
Chapter XIV
1. This Constitution shall come into force throughout the Union after its adoption in a
referendum by the assenting votes of more than half of all the people who have the
right to vote.
2. (a) The State Peace and Development Council shall, continuing to exercise State
sovereignty, carry out during the interval between the coming into force of this
Constitution and the day the first session of the Pyidaungsu Hlutaw is convened,
all the functions of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw under the Constitution.
(b) The Government that exists on the date this Constitution comes into force shall
continue to discharge the respective duties until the emergence of the new
Government formed and assigned duties in accord with this Constitution.
3. The work done by the State Peace and Development Council to bring the Constitution
into force shall be deemed to have been carried out in accord with this Constitution.
4. All policy guidelines, laws, rules, regulations, notifications, proclamations, measures,
responsibilities and rights of the State Peace and Development Council shall devolve
on the Union of Myanmar.

228
5. Existing laws shall remain in force in so far as they are not contrary to this Constitution
until and unless they are repealed or amended by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.
6. Existing rules, regulations, bye-laws, notifications, orders, directives and procedures
shall remain in force in so far as they are not contrary to this Constitution until and
unless they are repealed or amended by the Union Government.
7. All courts existing on the date of the coming into operation of this Constitution shall
continue to exercise their jurisdiction until new courts are established by law in accord
with this Constitution. All cases, civil, criminal and revenue, pending in the said courts,
shall be disposed of in accord with the laws exercised on the date on which the cases
came up for trial.
8. All functioning State service personnel of departmental organizations including
Tatmadaw under the State Peace and Development Council on the day this Constitution
comes into force shall continue in their functions unless otherwise prescribed by the
Government of the Union of Myanmar.

tcef; (15)
taxGaxGjy|mef;csurf sm;tcef;
Chapter (XV)
General Provisions
229
Chapter XV
General Provisions
1. This Constitution is the Basic Law of laws of the State.
2. Myanmar language is the official language.
3. The State fundamental principles are the guidelines to be followed by the legislative
Hluttaws in enacting laws and interpreting provisions of the State Constitution and of
other laws. The application of these principles shall be the care of the State but shall
not be enforceable in any court or law.
4. Interpretation of the preamble, articles, clauses, words and expressions contained in

this Constitution shall be based only on Myanmar text.
5. Interpretation of the expressions of this Constitution should be referred to the existing

Interpretation of Expressions Law.
6. A Myanmar manuscript of this Constitution shall be kept at the National Archives.

The manuscript shall be conclusive evidence of the provisions of this Constitution.
7. In the interest of the State, the Union Government may permit—
(a) Region or State government,

230
(b) a cooperative society, an organization or a person to run any of economic
enterprises, which are prescribed to be operated solely by the Union Government,
through a joint-venture system with the Union Government or under agreements.
8. The Union of Myanmar shall honour all legitimate obligations arising out of any treaties
or agreements which before the commencement of this Constitution were in force
between the Government of Myanmar and the Government of any other State,
provided that such other State honours any reciprocal obligations towards the Union
of Myanmar.
9. (a) Any proceedings relating to contracts or liabilities which might have been brought
against the Government of the Union of Myanmar before this Constitution comes
into force, may be brought against the Union Government.
(b) The Republic of the Union of Myanmar may sue and may be sued by the name of
the Republic of the Union of Myanmar.
Formation of the Constitutional Tribunal
10. The Constitutional Tribunal shall consist of nine members including a chairman. The
President, the Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw and the Speaker of the Amyotha Hluttaw
shall select three members each who meet the following qualifications from among
231
Hluttaw members or non-Hluttaw members:
(a) person who has attained the age of 50 years;
(b) person who possesses qualifications set for a Pyithu Hluttaw, other than restriction
on age,
(c) person who possesses qualifications set for the Chief Justice and a Supreme
Court Justice, other than restriction on age;
(d) person who has political, administrative, economic and security outlooks.
(e) person who is loyal to the State and the people.
11. The list of three members each nominated by the President, the Pyithu Hluttaw Speaker
and the Amyotha Hluttaw Speaker, and a member nominated for chairmanship of
Constitutional Tribunal among the nine members shall be submitted to the Pyidaungsu
Hluttaw for its approval.
12. The Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall have no right to reject the persons nominated for
members of the Constitutional Tribunal by the President unless it can prove the
members disqualified.
13. The President may, in accord with the provisions of the State Constitution, have the
right to nominate new members for the seats of Constitutional Tribunal that are still
vacant due to failure to obtain agreement of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.

232
14. The President shall appoint the chairman and members of Constitutional Tribunal
approved by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.
15. The term of the Constitutional Tribunal is five years, the same as that of the Pyidaungsu
Hluttaw. However, the ongoing Constitutional Tribunal, on expiry of its term, shall
continue to carry out its functions till the President forms a new Constitutional Tribunal
under this Constitution.
16. A member of the Constitutional Tribunal:
(a) shall be deemed to have resigned from the Hluttaw concerned on the date of
being appointed if he is a member of any Hluttaw.
(b) shall be deemed to have retired from civil service in accord with civil service
rules and regulations on the date of being appointed if he is a government employee.
(c) shall have no right to participate in activities of the political party concerned
during tenure of membership starting from the date of being appointed if he is a
member of a political party.
17. A member of the Constitutional Tribunal may have the right to submit his resignation
to the President if he wishes to resign before expiry of his tenure due to a reason.
233
18. The President may appoint a new member in accord with the provisions of this
Constitution if there is a vacancy in membership in the Constitutional Tribunal for a
certain reason.
Impeachment of a member of the Constitutional Tribunal

19. (a) A member of the Constitutional Tribunal can be blamed or impeached under any
of the following reasons:
(1) treason;
(2) violation of any of the provisions of the Constitution;
(3) misbehaviour;
(4) incapability of discharging duties prescribed in the State Constitution for a
member of the Constitutional Tribunal;
(5) inefficient discharge of duties assigned to him in accord with the law;
(b) If need arises to blame or impeach a member of the Constitutional Tribunal, it
shall be done so under the provisions prescribed in this Constitution set to blame
or impeach the Chief Justice or a Supreme Court Justice.
Functions of the Constitutional Tribunal

20. The functions of the Constitutional Tribunal are as follows:
(a) to interpret provisions of the Constitution,
(b) to scrutinize whether or not laws enacted by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, the Region
Hluttaws and the State Hluttaws and Self-Administered Areas are in conformity
with the Constitution,
234
(c) to scrutinize functions of executive authorities of Pyidaungsu, Regions, States
and Self-Administered Areas are in conformity with the Constitution,
(d) to decide on disputes in connection with the Constitution between Pyidaungsu
and Regions, between Pyidaungsu and States, between Regions and States,
among Regions, among States, and between Regions or States and Self-
Administered Areas and among Self-Administered Areas themselves,
(e) to decide on disputes in connection with the rights and responsibilities of the
Pyidaungsu and Regions; or States or Self-Administered Areas in implementing
Union law by Regions, States or Self-Administered Areas,
(f) to scrutinize and decide on matters relating to Union territories informed by the
President,
(g) tasks entrusted by laws prescribed by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw,
21. If there is a dispute as to whether a provision prescribed in a law is in conformity with
the Constitution in hearing a case by a court, and the Constitutional Tribunal has not
made any decision regarding the case, the court shall suspend its hearing and submit
its views to the Constitutional Tribunal in accord with the procedures for its decision.
The decision of the Constitutional Tribunal regarding the dispute shall apply all the
cases.
235
22. The decision of the Constitutional Tribunal shall be final.

23. The following persons shall have the right to directly submit a case to the Constitutional
Tribunal for its interpretation, decision, and stance:
(a) President;
(b) Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw;
(c) Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw;
(d) Speaker of the Amyotha Hluttaw;
(e) Union Chief Justice;
(f) Chairman of Union Election Commission.
24. The following persons or bodies shall have the right to submit a case to the
Constitutional Tribunal in accord with the procedures for its interpretation, decision
and stance:
(a) Region or State Chief Minister;
(b) Speaker of the Region or State Hluttaw;
(c) Chairman of Leading Body of Self-Administered Areas;
(d) At least 10 percent of the members of the Pyithu Hluttaw or the Amyotha Hluttaw.
25. Formation and relations of the Constitutional Tribunal, and duties, rights and privileges
of the chairman and members of the Constitutional Tribunal shall be prescribed by
law.
26. The status of the chairman of the Constitutional Tribunal is designated to be equivalent
to the position of a Vice-President, and a member, to the position of a Union minister
in order to make reference in prescribing by law regarding the duties, rights and
privileges of the chairman and members of the Constitutional Tribunal.

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tcef; (1)

Edik if aH wmftajccHrrl sm;tcef;

Edik if aH wmfEiS pfh yfvsO;f onhf tajccH&rnhrf rl sm; -

Edik if aH wmf\OD;wnfcsuEf iS pfh yfvsO;f onfh tajccH&rnhrf rl sm; -

Edik if aH wmf zGUJ pnf;wnfaqmufyEHk iS pfh yfvsO;f onfh tajccH&rnfrh rl sm; -

Oya'jyKa&;ESipfh yfvsO;f onhf tajccH&rnhrf rl sm; -

tkycf sKyaf &;ESipfh yfvsO;f onhf tajccH&rnhrf rl sm; -

w&m;pD&ifa&;ESipfh yfvsO;f onhf tajccH&rnhrf rl sm; -

wyfrawmfEiS hf pyfvsO;f onfh tajccH&rnfrh rl sm; -

wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;ESiphf yfvsO;f onfh tajccH&rnfrh rl sm; -

todynm&Si?f twwfynm&Sirf sm;ESiphf yfvsO;f onfh tajccH&rnfrh rl sm; -

Edik if 0Hh efxrf;rsm;ESiphf yfvsO;f onfh tajccH&rnfrh rl sm; -

trsKd ;om;,Ofaus;rIEiS phf yfvsO;f onft

ynma&;? use;f rma&;ESiphf yfvsO;f onft

rdcif? uav;? tdrk if;rpGr;f olrsm;ESipfh yfvsO;f onfh tajccH&rnfrh rl sm; -

vli,fEiS pfh yfvsO;f onfh tajccH&rnfrh rl sm; -

bmom omoema&;ESipfh yfvsO;f onfh tajccH&rnfrh rl sm; -

pD;yGm;a&;ESipfh yfvsO;f onfh tajccH&rnfrh rl sm; -

ajr? a&? av? o,HZmwypön;f ESipfh yfvsO;f onfh tajccH&rnfrh rl sm; -

a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufjcif;ESiphf yfvsO;f onfh tajccH&rnfrh rl sm; -

ta&;ay:umvESiphf yfvsO;f onfh tajccH&rnfrh rl sm; -

Edik if jH cm;a&;ESiphf yfvsO;f onfh tajccH&rnfrh rl sm; -

jypfrjI ypf'PfEiS phf yfvsO;f onfh tajccH&rnfrh rl sm; -

obm0ywf0ef;usiEf iS phf yfvsO;f onfh tajccH&rnfrh rl sm; -

taxGaxGjy|mef;csurf sm;ESiphf yfvsO;f onfh tajccH&rnfrh rl sm; -

The State Structure

1/ Edik if aH wmfukd jynfaxmifppk epfjzihf zGUJ pnf;wnfaqmufonf/

3/ wdik ;f a'oBu;D ESifh jynfe,ftoD;oD;wdUk onf tqiht

Edik if aH wmfe,ferd w d jf yifqifjcif;

The Head of State

1/ Edik if aH wmftBu;D tuJonf Edik if aH wmfor®wjzpfonf/

Oya'jyKa&;qdik &f mzGUJ pnf;rI

jynfaxmifpvk wT af wmfzUJG pnf;jcif;

Sharing of Legislative Power

6/ pGr;f tif? vQypf pf? owåKEiS hf opfawmu@

10/ pDrcH efUcGaJ &;u@

28/ jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfuaomfvnf;aumif;? ,if;vTwaf wmf\ tcGit hf mPm

tkycf sKyaf &;qdik &f mzGUJ pnf;rI

Sharing of the Executive Power

wkid ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,ftpk;d &\tkycf sKyrf t I cGit fh mPm

w&m;pD&ifa&;qkid &f m zGUJ pnf;rI

1/ wyfrawmfonf tiftm;awmifw h if;Ny;D pGr;f &nfxufjrufaom acwfro D nfh

Citizenship, Fundamental Rights

1/ atmufazmfjyyg t&nftcsi;f wpf&yf&yfEiS hf jynfph o kH rl sm;onf jynfaxmifpo

vTwaf wmfrsm;odUk jynfoUl ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufjcif;

Ekid if aH &;ygwDrsm;zJUG pnf;jcif;

Provisions on State of Emergency

1/ wdik ;f a'oBu;D wpfcw k iG jf zpfap? jynfe,fwpfe,fwiG jf zpfap? jynfaxmifpek ,fajr

Amendment of the Constitution

1/ þzJUG pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csuw f pf&yf&yfudk jyifqifvydk gu atmufazmfjyyg

State Flag, State Seal, National

Edik if aH wmftvHEiS fh pyfvsO;f Ny;D -

Edik if aH wmfocD si;f ESipfh yfvsO;f Ny;D -

Edik if aH wmf\ NrKd UawmfEiS fh pyfvsO;f Ny;D -

1/ þzGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'onf jynfv;Hk uRwq f E´c,

5/ wnfqOJ ya'rsm;onf jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmfu y,fzsujf cif;? jyifqifjcif;

State Fundamental Principles

In connection with the State, it is laid down that -

In connection with multiparty democracy, it is stipulated that -

(3) - the State practises discipline-flourishing genuine multiparty democracy.

In connection with State structure, it is laid down that -

(4) (a) the Union is constituted by Pyidaungsu (Union) systems;

equal status and authority;