-¨¡-E¢√®Ωç 2 -ÂÆ°dç-•®Ω’ 2006
Vasanth: Hi Hemanth, how was the match yes-
terday?
(E†oöÀ ´÷u-î˝ à-¢Á’iç-C?)-
Hemanth: We did play well. We did win too, but
our game was not better than last
sunday's game.
(¢Ë’ç ¶«í¬ØË Çú≈ç, ÈíLî√ç èπÿú≈.
Å®·ûË E†o ´÷ Çô §Ú®·† ÇC-¢√®Ωç
Çô-éπç-õ‰ ¢Á’®Ω’í¬_ ™‰ü¿’.)
Éçûªèπ◊ ´·çü¿’ äéπ-≤ƒJ îÁ§ƒpç. ´’Sx îÁ°æ¤hØ√oç.
í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ. Not ™‰†-°æ¤púø÷, question 鬆-°æ¤púø÷
èπÿú≈, did ¢√úøû√ç, °j¢√-é¬u-™x-™«. Å™« ¢√úÕûË N≠æ-
ߪ÷Eo é¬Ææh í∫öÀdí¬ îÁ°œp-†ôx-´¤-ûª’çC.
I did meet him yesterday =
-ØË-†’ -E-†o -Å-ûª-úÕ-E éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√o.
(É™«çöÀ expressions O’ conversation ™
practice îËߪ’çúÕ.)
Vasanth: Why do you say so?
(áçü¿’-éπ™« Åçô’-Ø√o´¤?)
Hemanth: Our score this time were not more
than that last time. Moreover the
wickets we took are not more than
those we took last time.
(éÀç-ü¿-öÀ≤ƒ-J -≤Ú\®˝ éπçõ‰ Ñ≤ƒJ ´÷ -
≤Ú\®˝ áèπ◊\´ é¬ü¿’.-Ñ≤ƒJ ¢Ë’ç -BÆæ’èπ◊-†o
N-Èé-ô’x éÀç-ü¿-öÀ≤ƒ-J N-Èé-ôx éπç-õ‰ áèπ◊\´
é¬ü¿’)
Vasanth: Why so?
(áçü¿’-´©x Å™«?)
Hemanth: We made a few changes in the
team. We had Kiran and Charan in
place of Mahesh and Satish, but
they were no
greater than
Mahesh and
Satish.
(¢Ë’ç öÃç ™
éÌEo ´÷®Ω’p©’-
î˨»ç. -´’Ê£«-≠ˇ,
Ææ-B-≠ˇ •ü¿’©’, - M. SURESAN
éÀ®Ω-ù˝, -Ω-ù˝ -©-
†’ BÆæ’èπ◊-Ø√oç. ¢√∞¡x-éπçõ‰ O∞¡Ÿx íÌ°æpí¬
™‰®Ω’)
Vasanth: What about the pitch?
(
°œ-î˝ á™« ÖçC?)
(Pitch= È®çúø’ -¢Áj°æ¤-™« NÈé-ôx ´’üµ¿u -°æ*aéπ Åçûªí¬
™‰E ¶µ«í∫ç)
Hemanth: The pitch this time was not faster
than the pitch last time. That's why
we took a spinner in place of a pace
bowler.
(°œ-î˝ Ñ≤ƒJ fast bowling èπ◊ Åçûª ņ’-
í∫’ùçí¬ -™‰-ü¿’. Åçü¿’Íé ¢Ë’ç, ã fast
bowler •ü¿’©’. ã spin bowler †’
BÆæ’èπ◊-Ø√oç)
(pace bowler = fast bowler.
In place of = •ü¿’-©’í¬/≤ƒn†ç™.
In place of Suresh we have Harish = Ææ’Í®-≠ˇ
≤ƒn†ç™ £æ«K≠ˇ ÖØ√oúø’)
Vasanth: What about the next match?
(
ûª®√y-ûª -Ç-ô Ææçí∫-ûËçöÀ?-)
Hemanth: We may play the team from
Warangal, but we take it easy. The
Warangal team is no more a prob-
lem for us than yesterday's team.
(´îËa-≤ƒJ ¢Ë’ç- ´®Ωç-í∫™¸ öÃç ûÓ ÇúÌa.
Å®·ûË ¢Ë’ç ü∆Eo ûËL-í¬_ØË BÆæ’èπ◊ç-ô’-
Ø√oç. E†oöÀ öÃç éπç-õ‰ ´®Ωç-í∫™¸ öÃç
°ü¿l Ææ´’ÊÆuç é¬ü¿’.)
Vasanth: I appreciate your confidence.
(F N¨»y-≤ƒEo -Å-Gµ-†ç-CÆæ’h-Ø√o.)
Hemanth: Our Captain is more confident than I
(am)=
( captain
Ø√éπçõ‰ ´÷ Éçé¬ N¨»y-ÆæçûÓ
ÖØ√oúø’.)
Vasanth: Best of luck then. Bye.
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛
éÀç-ü¿-öÀ-≤ƒJ ´’†ç È®çúø’ N≠æ-ߪ÷-©ØË (´‚úø’ N≠æ-
ߪ÷©’ é¬èπ◊çú≈) §Ú©aôç ᙫíÓ îª÷¨»ç éπü∆.
È®çúø’ N≠æ-ߪ÷-©ØË §ÚLa-†-°æ¤púø’
1) Superlative Öçúøü¿’.
2) Comparative ™ not ™‰èπ◊çõ‰ positive ™ not
´Ææ’hçC.
3) compare îËÆæ’h†o ´Ææ’h-´¤© positions ´·çü¿’èπÿ
¢Á†éπèπÿ û√®Ω’-´÷-®Ω-´¤-û√®·. Ñ N≠æ-ߪ÷©’ last
lesson ™ îª÷¨»ç éπü∆!
É°æ¤púø’ îª÷úøçúÕ:
a) Ooty is not cooler than Kodaikanal.
(-Ü-öÃ, éÌ-úÁjÈé-Ø√-™¸ éπçõ‰ xE v°æü˨¡ç é¬ü¿’)
Ééπ\úø 1) adjective cooler - degree - compara-
tive.
2) comparison (§ÚLéπ) È®ç-úÕçöÀéÀ ´÷vûª¢Ë’. 鬕öÀd
superlative Öçúøü¿’.
Å®·ûË í∫-ûª lessons ™-E examples ™« é¬èπ◊çú≈, °j
sentences ™ comparative ´·çü¿’ not ®√´ôç
í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ. Åçõ‰, Ñ ¶µ«¢√Eo, positive ™ îÁÊ°p-ô-
°æ¤púø’ not ®√ü¿’ éπü∆.
positive îª÷ü∆lç.
Kodaikanal is at least as cool as Ooty =
éÌúÁj-Èé-Ø√™¸ éπFÆæç (at least) Ü-öà Åçûª- xí¬
Öçô’çC.
I appreciate your confidence
Study this:
Comparative
Ü-öÃ, éÌúÁj-Èé-Ø√™¸ éπç-õ‰ x-EC é¬ü¿’.
Positive
éÌúÁj-Èé-Ø√™¸ (éπFÆæç) Ü--öà Åçûª x-í¬ Öçô’çC.
A, B éπç-õ‰ áèπ◊\´ é¬ü¿’, Åçõ‰ B (éπFÆæç) A ûÓ Ææ´÷-
†-´’E éπü∆?– É™« comparative †’ç* positive éÀ
´÷®Ω’-ûª’çC. Ééπ\úø comparative ™ not Öç-C,
鬕öÀd positive ™ not ®√ü¿’.
b) Comparative:
Chandra is not taller than Tara =
û√®Ω éπçõ‰ îªçvü¿ §Ò-úø-´¤-é¬ü¿’.
Positive:
Tara is (at least) as tall as Chandra.
At least î√-™« ≤ƒ®Ω’x ´C-™‰-Ææ’hçö«ç– ûª°æ¤p-é¬ü¿’.
´·êu-¢Á’i† N≠æߪ’ç: Positive degree adjective
´·çü¿’ so/as, positive degree ûª®√yûª as ®√´ôç
ûÁ©’-Ææ’-í∫ü∆?
Å®·ûË, positive degree ™ not Ö†o-°æ¤púË, ü∆-E
´·çü¿’ so é¬E,/as é¬E- ¢√úøû√ç. positive degree
™ not ™‰éπ-§ÚûË ü∆-E ´·çü¿’, as ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ¢√úøû√ç.
So ¢√úøç.
a) He is not so/as tall as his brother-
ÉC positive degree. Éçü¿’™ not ÖçC. 鬕öÀd
tall so
´·çü¿’, asé¬F é¬F ¢√úøû√ç.
b) He is as clever as his brother-
ÉD positive degree. Å®·ûË Éçü¿’™ not é¬F, no
é¬F ™‰ü¿’. Åçü¿’-´©x clever ´·çü¿’ as ´÷vûª¢Ë’
¢√úø’-ûª’Ø√oç, so ¢√úø-ôç- ™‰ü¿’. ÉC î√-™« ´·êu-¢Á’i†
N≠æߪ’ç.
Now let us study the following sentences
from the conversation between Vasanth and
Hemanth at the beginning of this lesson.
1) Hemanth: Our game yesterday was no bet-
ter than last sunday's
(éÀç-ü¿-öÀ ÇC-¢√®Ωç ´÷ Çô éπçõ‰ E†o
´÷ Çõ‰ç ¢Á’®Ω’-í¬_-™‰ü¿’.)
(no better - no + comparative)
Positive: Last Sunday's game was (at least) as
good as our game yesterday =
éÀç-ü¿-öÀ ÇC-¢√®Ωç ´÷ Çô èπÿú≈ E†o ´÷
Çôçûª ¶«í¬ ÖçC (éπFÆæç)
2) Our score this time was not higher than that
last time.
(not + comparative - Ñ ≤ƒJ ´÷ -≤Ú\®˝
éÀç-ü¿-öÀ ´÷ -≤Ú\®˝ éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\¢Ëç é¬ü¿’)
Positive: Our score last time was (at least) as
high as our score this time.
(éÀç-ü¿-öÀ≤ƒJ ´÷ -≤Ú\®˝, Ñ≤ƒJ ´÷ -≤Ú\®˝
ÅçûË.)
3) The wickets we took this time were not
more than the wickets we took last time.
(not more - not + more (comparative))
Ñ≤ƒJ ¢Ë’ç-- BÆæ’èπ◊-†o NÈé-ô’x éÀç-ü¿-öÀ≤ƒJ NÈé-ôx
éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\¢Ëç 鬴¤.
Many (positive) - more (comparative) -
most (superlative)
Positive: The wickets we took last time were
(at least) as many as we took this
time.
(¢Ë’ç éÀç-ü¿-öÀ≤ƒJ BÆæ’-èπ◊-†o NÈé-ô’x, éÀç-ü¿-öÀ≤ƒ-J
BÆæ’-èπ◊-†o-ØËo – áèπ◊\-¢Ëç-é¬ü¿’.)
4) They were no greater than Kiran and
Charan.
(¢√∞¡Ÿx – ¢Ë’ç éÌûªhí¬ BÆæ’èπ◊-†o¢√∞¡Ÿx, éÀ®Ω-ù˝, -Ω-ù˝
éπç-õ‰ íÌ°æp Çô-í¬∞Ïxç 鬮Ω’).
Ééπ\úø äéπ ÆæçüË£æ«ç ®√´îª’a – -´’Ê£«-≠ˇ, Ææ-B-≠ˇ, -éÀ®Ω-
ù˝, -Ω-ù˝ – Éçûª ´’çCE îÁÊ°p-ô-°æ¤púø’, ÉC È®çúø’
N≠æ-ߪ÷© ´’üµ¿u §ÚLéπ ᙫ Å´¤-ûª’-çü¿-E.
Å®·ûË ´’†ç Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’éÓ-¢√-LqçC– Ééπ\úø à äéπ\-
JØÓ, N’í∫û√ ¢√∞¡xç-ü¿-JûÓ §Ú©aôç ™‰ü¿’. ´’Ê£«-≠ˇ,
Ææ-B-≠ˇ – ORx-ü¿l®Ω’ 1st set. -éÀ®Ω-ù˝, -Ω-ù˝ – ORx-ü¿l®Ω÷
2nd set. Ééπ\úø comparison Ñ È®çúø’ sets of
players èπ◊. 鬕öÀd, DEo È®çúø’ N≠æ-ߪ÷© ´’üµ¿u
§ÚL-éπ-í¬ØË BÆæ’éÓ¢√L.
Positive: Kiran and Charan were (atleast) as
great as they.
(éÀ®Ω-ù˝, -Ω-ù˝-©’ éπ-FÆæç -¢√-∞¡xç-ûª íÌ°æp-¢√-∞Ïx)
5) The pitch this time was not faster than the
pitch last time (not faster - not + compara-
tive)
Positive: The pitch last time was (at least) as
fast as the pitch this time
(éÀç-ü¿-öÀ≤ƒ-J °œ-î˝ èπÿú≈ Ñ≤ƒJ °œ-î˝ Åçûª
¢Ëí∫-¢Á’içüË)
The Warangal team is no more a problem
6)
for us than yesterday's team.
(no more a problem - no + comparative)
Much (positive) - more (comparative) - most
(superlative)
(´÷èπ◊ ´®Ωçí∫-™¸ -öÃç E†oöÀ -öÃç éπçõ‰
áèπ◊\´ Ææ´’Ææu- é¬ü¿’)
Positive: Yesterday's team was (at least) as
much a problem for us as the waran-
gal team
(E†oöÀ -öÃç, ´®Ωçí∫-™¸ -öÃç Åçûª Ææ´’ÊÆu
´÷èπ◊ = ûªèπ◊\¢Ëç é¬ü¿’) – Åçõ‰ ´®Ωç-í∫™¸
áèπ◊\¢Ëç é¬ü¿’ ÅE.
Our captain is more confident than I (am) -
7)
Ø√éπçõ‰ ´÷captain áèπ◊\´ N¨»y-ÆæçûÓ -ÖØ√oúø’ –
comparative, not Positive
™‰èπ◊çú≈, 鬕öÀd ™
not
´Ææ’hçC.
2
Positive: I am not so (as) confident as our
captain.
(؈’ ´÷ captain Åçûª N¨»y-Ææç-í¬-™‰†’.)
Exercise: Practise the following aloud in
English
Pramada: F -vúÁÆˇ áçûª ¶«´¤ç-üÓ!
Vasudha: F -vúÁÆˇ éπçõ‰ °ü¿l -àç ¶«í¬-™‰-ü¿’™‰.
Pramada: éπ*a-ûªçí¬ Ø√ -vúÁÆˇ F -vúÁÆˇ Åçûª Çéπ-®Ω{-ùÃ-
ߪ’çí¬ ™‰ü¿’. Ø√ ÂÆ-©éπ{-Ø˛ F ÂÆ-©éπ{-Ø˛
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 207
Åçûª-Ææ-Jí¬_ (proper) ™‰ü¿’. é¬E Ø√ -
vúÁÆˇ F ü∆-E éπçõ‰ êK-üÁ-èπ◊\-´. Åçü¿’Íé
¶«üµ¿-°æ-úø’-ûª’Ø√o.
Vasudha: Å™«çöÀN ï®Ω’-í∫’-û√-®·™‰. ¶«üµ¿-°æ-úøèπ◊.
Å®·ûË, Ééπ\-úø’†o ¢√∞¡xç-ü¿J -vúÁÆæ’-™x FüË
î√-™«- Åç-ü¿çí¬ Öç-ü¿-E ØËE-°æp-öÀéà ņ’-
èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o.
Pramada: N†-ö«-EéÀ ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ ÖçC. é¬E ÅC
Eïç é¬ü¿’.
Vasudha: Éçûª- E-ñ«-®·--Bí¬ ØËØÁ-°æ¤púø÷ ™‰†’.
Answer:
Pramada: How beautiful your dress is!
Vasudha: (It is) not more beautiful than yours.
Pramada: Certainly my dress is not as/so
attractive as yours. My selection is
not so as proper as yours, but my
dress is more expensive than yours.
That makes me sad.
Vasudha: Such things happen. Don't worry.
But I still feel that yours is the best
of the dresses of all those/ the peo-
ple here.
Pramada: Good to hear that, but it is not true.
Vasudha: I have never been so (as) truthful /
honest as I am now.
v°æ¨¡o. 'Æœçõ„é˙q— Åçõ‰ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Å©ç-é¬-®√-™‰Ø√?
¢√öÀ í∫’Jç* ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’ç-úÕ.
à¢Á’iØ√ v°æûËuéπ °æ¤Ææh-é¬-©’-Ø√oߪ÷?
èπ~◊ùoçí¬, Ææ’-©-¶µºçí¬ ÖçúË °æ¤Ææh-鬩’
ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’çúÕ.
– áÆˇ. ®√ñ¸- π◊-´÷®˝,
£j«ü¿-®√-¶«ü.˛
Syntax Åçõ‰ Å©ç-é¬-®√©’ é¬ü¿’.
Syntax Åçõ‰ English ™E ¢√é¬u-
™xE ´÷ô© Å´’-Jéπ (order of words - à ´÷ô
´·çü¿÷, à ´÷ô ûª®√yûª ®√¢√L)†’ í∫’-Jç-*-†
E•ç-üµ¿-†©’. É°æpöÀ ´®Ωèπÿ ÉEo lessons ™†÷ -ûÁ-L-
°œç-C ÉüËéπü∆? OöÀE í∫’Jç-* English story books,
Magazines ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç*, Newspapers
(English), °ü¿l †´-©©’ ™«çöÀN îªü¿-´ôç ´©x
English ¶«í¬ ´Ææ’hçC.