You are on page 1of 24

@

ubsH;yRA1AunDeH.A2749AAAAAAAAAAAA @
w>y&XvXunDzdcJvXmt*D>
b.w>xk;xD.tDRp;xD.A2733AunDeH.
www.kwekalu.net

A•Au-wL> (13)A tbh. (4) AAAAAA AAAAAAAAAA•Ark>zDz;<A 'h.ngvgvDRA3AoD<A2749AunDeH. A AAAAAAAAAAAAA•AvgthjzhRA30AoD<A2010 eH.

ydmcGgub.*JRvdmoud;'fod;ydmrk.u
AAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAA'h.ngvgvDRA3oD<Ark>zDz;A

xl.zsJ;xD.=unDr.k ChxD.
uGRJ uv>k A•Avgcsv
H RD A8oD eHRM.vDRIA &h.A7Abh.<AvD>td.u'k'u J 0DR<AuD> *D>wwkR'H;qltw>ynd.zDwX.b.
thjzRh A6<A2010 unDydmrk.u&XvXt*JR csXcX.p;'D;wrSRH [Jx.D 0J'.A500*R 'D; ydmrk.w z.wl>b.'H; '. ok;y 'd.
vdmw>vXydmrk.uxl.zsJ;xD.vX M.vDRI tw>rRtXrRoD'D;tySRw0X'.0Jt
w>*JRvdmvXydmrk.wz. w>qD.wH>rReXR'D;uM>b.w>cGJ; eH.A25AuFLbvH.phtHR w>rRxD'gtzXrk>t*h>unDymd rk.u
uxl.zsJ;xD.vXw>qD.wH>rReXR w>,mxJod;wkRod;t*D>rR0J'.u ymzsgxD. 0J'. unDydmrk.u&X t &Xcd.e>ymzsgxD.0JM.vDRIA
t*D>vd.b.0J'.ydmcGgwz.tw> nDymd rk.u&XA25AeH.ySRJ xD.uFLb w>*JRvdmw>vXydmrk.uxl.zsJ; unDydmrk.u&XeJ.%GJ.o
rRoud;t*h>unDydmrk.u&XCh vH.phzJuD>uFD.wJ.=uD>qXwwDR xD.vXw>qD. wH>rReXRt*D>'D;u CJRA1Ao&.rk.bsLrHepJ .(Z.)pH;0J<
xD.0J'.zJA25AeH.uFLbvH.phAt 'D;unDydmrk.vXunDuD>pJ.'D;uD> M>b.w>xJod;wkRod;cGJ;,mt qlubsH;yRA23
w>*DR=unDydmrk.u&X

w>rRvRuyDRydmrk.u&Xcd.e>vXtwDcd.&d.rJw>ySJRxD.A25AeH.A

AvgthjzhRA30AoD< 2010 1 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA April 30, 2010


'h.ngvgvDRA3oD<Ark>zDz;AAAAAAAAA @ ubsH;yRA2AunDeH.A2749AAAAAAAAAAA

AÔAw>Clw>zd; AÔAw>rkmw>ck.

tw>xH. AAÔAw>obVAAAAAAÔAw>xJod;wkRod;

tw>ymo; AunDw>y&XobVA;AobVvX=qSX[h.w>upD.<AobVvX=w>uGJ;w>upD.<AAobVvX=yJmz;eDRz;w>

w>xD'gok;u%l>AA2010eH.uD>'Dbh.w>CkxXtw>&J.w>usJR

AAAAAAAAAAAetzAok;u%l>*kmM>ql.xHuD>w>pdw>urDR'D;yXql.yXpd;w>vXok;w>yXw>jy;tzDcd.'f
trh>uD>y'd.vXtwzd;oJp;b.tod;M.vDRIAcDzsw> d *kmM>ql.xHuD>w>pdurDR'D;yXxHuD>vXtw
D>
td.'D;xHuD>w>ol.xD.w>bsXoJp;cd.oh.<Awrh>uD>y'd.vXtb.w>CkxXxD.tDRvXxHzduD>zd d cJvXmt*
Dz
b.tCdb.w>yJRtXyJRoDtDRvX[D.cd.bDrk>xHu>D wz.M.vDRIAvXw>M.tCdok;u%l>tHRuG;J ym X vX un
w>y&
vDR0Jw>ol.xD.w>bsXoJp;cd.oh.vXt,Hm(13)eH.wbh.'ftw>b.o;vXturR*X>rRusXRok;
qlyRS z;vHmzdvXto;wDu;d *R<A
tw>yXw>jy;zd;oJp;czD surR
d 0J(2010)eH.w>CkxXtrl;tHRM.vDRI
pH;bsK;b.ok0Jud;*RvXtz;uGJRu
AAAAAAtgM>tM.ok;u%l>tHR'ftuwJmuwDRuGJ;ymvDR0J(2008)w>ol.xD.xHuD>w>bsXoJp;cd.
vk>wz.<A'D;ySRvXtqSX[h.xD.tw>uGJ;<A
oh.vXturR*X>rRusXR'D;zd;oJp;xD.ok;w>yXw>jy;t*D>tod;<A&J.usJRuwJmuwDR0J'.'fod; xg<Aw>upD.wz.vXw>ol.td.o;td.t
(2010)eH.w>CkxXtrl;tylRxH%l>uD>oJ;u&X(y.wH.)vXtu&Xu&dxD.0J'.vXtrh>txH%l> ylRM.vDRIA
uD>oJ;u&Xwz.<AxH%l>uD>oJ;u&XvXtoh.ngymyeD.0Jwz.urReXRw>t*D>M.vDRIAtgM>tM. uG J R uvk > w>y&Xtw>vJ R w&H ;
uGJ;xk;xD.&RvDR0Jw>CkxXtrl;toJp;wz.vXxH%l>uD>oJ;u&XvXtu&Xu&dol.xD.0Jwz. o;'D;tw>b.bsK;b.zSd.M.'d;oMRxD.t
'D;xH%l>uD>oJ;u&XvXtqD.xG0JJ wz.urReXRw>t*D>M.vDRI o;vXtySRz;vHmzdwz.tw>z;tDR<Awl>
(1)Au&Xu&dCkxXxD.0Jw>CkxXcD.rh.%SX.wzkvXturRvXySRJ tw>&J.w>usRJ t*D> vdmtDR'D;tw>qD.xGJeDRvdmoud;w>xH.
(2)AySRvXtrRxH%l>uD>oJ;<AxH%l>uD>oJ;y.wH.'D;ySRxD'gtDRwz.EkmvDRw>CkxXtrl;tokwM> M.vDRIA
AAAAt*D> uGJRuvk>'d;M>b.w>uGJ;<Axg'D;w>
u pD. vX ySR z;vHmzd wz. ttd.xDbd vDRI A
(3)AxH%l>uD>oJ;u&Xwz.to;okwtd.EkmvDRw>CkxXtrl;w*hRt*D>
b.q.w>uGJ;weDRw>wxXEkm0JM.u'd;o
(4)Aw>uwJmuwDRwz.vXw>rR[;*DRw>CkxXtrl;tHRtokwM>w*hRt*D>'D;xH%l>uD>oJ;u&X
MRxD.to;vXuGJRuvk>tw>bsX'D;w>uGJ;
AAAAvXtu&Xu&dx.D 0J<Aoh.ngymyeD.0Jwz.urReXRw>t*D>M.vDRI tw>*h>wqSH<A'D;wvDRwH>vDRqJ;t*h>oh.
AAA 'f w> zsg vXx; wz. tod;(2010)w>CkxXtrl;tHRwrh> w> CkxXtrl;wcg vXySR vX oh.vDRIA
tb.xJGwz.uEkmvDRo}wDR'd;CkxXto;t*D>w>&J.usJRtDRtd.'D;w>obV'D;wD0J-w>0Jwcg ywl> vdm w> uGJ; wz. vX t*km usJ;
b.IAok;u%l>uwJmuwDRto;ud;uyR'J;vXw>CkxXtrl;tHRvXvXySJRySJRvXurReXRw>t*D>ud; pX;uGJ;w>vXw>qDwvJt*D><Aw>vJRxD.
uyR'J;M.vDRIAw>uxD'gtDRwkR'.vJmw>CkxXtrl;tHRokwuJxD.'D;w>ol.xDxHuD>w>bsXoJ vJRxD<AymzsgxD.ySRw0Xw>uDw>cJvXw>
p;tHRokw*X>usXRw*hRt*D>w>rRtDRwM>b.IAb.q.tvD>td.vXyySRuvkmxHzduD>zdwz. -uX;Ch.vDRtDRwz.t*D>vDRIAyw[h.*H>
uoh.ng0Jw>CkxXtrl;tHRt*h>tcX;'D;Ckx.H oh.ngok;u%l>tHRtw>&J.w>usJR'D;ymzsgxD.tDR [h.bgw>uGJ;vXtym'h.ymur.vdmo;w
vXw>rRtDRuoht*D>M.vDRI cDwXRb.I
erh>uGJ;w>qluGJRuvk>w>y&XM.0H
2010Aw>CkxXtrl;rh>uJxD.vd.xD.A2008Aw>ol.xD.xHuD>w>bsXoJp;cd.oh.t
o;plR uGJ; vDR b. e rHR (CkmrHReD>eD>)<A rh> ohe
o;orlutd.xD.0J'D;yySRuvkm'D;uD>y,DRpXzSd.tylRxHzduD>zdwz.uuJxD.0Jok;tuk>zd;oJp; w>td.w>qd;tvD>'D;w>qJ;usd;vD>'fod;
M.vDRIAw>CkxXtrl;tHRtokwuJx.D vd.xD.vhRwuhRt*D>ustd J .'.xJwbd{dRvXuD>ylRyySRu uGJRuvk>cDqXuhReRuoht*D>vDRI
vkm'D;uD>y,DRxHzduD>zdcJvXmuxD'g0Jw>CkxXtrl;tHRvXustbd J bdvXtoeX.'.0JvXw>ul.
ohtylRM.vDRIA vXw>qJ;usd;t*D>
vXw>xD'goud;AetzA2010AeH.w>CkxXtrl;tHRunDuvkmcJvXmub.td.'D;w> Website: www.kwekalu.net
e>yX>vdmo;w*Rpkmpkmw>vXtrR0JohvXtoeX.'.0J<Aw>[h.ul.[h.z;vdmo;A'D;A[;qSJ;w> Email: kwekalu@yahoo.com

ym'h.ymur.vdmo;vXuuJxD.w>vDRz;'D;uJxD.w>b.bsK;vXok;y'd.t*D>M.wuh>IA Address: Kwe Ka Lu


P.O Box 11
Kanchanaburi 71000
Thailand

AvgthjzhRA30AoD< 2010 2 AAAAAAAA April 30, 2010


ubsH;yRA3AunDeH.A2749AAAAAAAAAAAA @ AAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAA'h.ngvgvDRA3oD<Ark>zDz;A

'H>ch.bH.th.ok;rRwHmwmch.tJ.,l.tw>xD'gA2010
w>CkxX y,DRok;y’d.urRw>CA2010k
w>CkxXtHR wb. bsD ; b. ‘g b.
AeH. wDcd.&d.rJtDRvXok;‘hcd.cHpDRrH,DR
ol‘D;tySR eD. *H>cJvXmutd.A20
(10)C.C.‘D;cHuyRvXmw>b.
‘db.xH;wtd.b.IA
t*h>tqXuwD > 'H>ch.bH.th. ok; wkRA30*RymzSd.xD.o;‘D;y,DRok; 'H>ch.bH.th.ok;tw>
uGRJ uvk>A•Avgcsv
H RD A1oD &h. (907)rRwHmwm 0J‘ f o d;unD ‘ D 0HR[JbscD ;0J‘.unD‘u D vkmw>xl. [Jc;tHRrh>’fod;unD‘Duvkmw>
rR%S;A30<A2010 uvkmok;rk>‘d.tw>&J.w>usJRu zsJ;ok;rk>‘d.ok;&h.A201tySReD.*H> xl.zs;J ok;rk>‘d.tw>&J.w>usJRvX
[;*DRt*h>ok;&h.(201)ok;&h.cd. (20)*RzJtywkmzDtD.rhRt qXu uvJRxH.vdmrRe> yX>o;‘D;unD
zJunD’Duvkmw>xl. wJ0JvDRI wD>zJvX>CDmo0DuyRM.vDRI ursX>zJvX>CDmo0Du[;*DRt*D>
zsJ;ok;rk>’d.vJRvDR[l;*JRzJvX>CDm zJvgrR%S;A29AoDteHR<A*DR 'H>ch.bH.th.ok;tHRc;pd [Jc;wXxD .wXxD.vDR0Jt*h>ok;
o0D(uD;w&H;uD>q.<Aok;uh=6) cD (10)e. &H. t q Xu wD > 'H>ch. 0J‘.unDok;rk>‘.d ‘;D usz;
d ‘d.wxH. &h.(201)ok;&h.cd.ok;cd.bkzDwJ0J
’fod;urRe>yX>unDursX>b.C; bH.th.ok;&h.(907)vXtb.w> cHxH.‘D;w>‘k;ux J .u,
D HmtrH;eH; M.vDRI

unDu&XvD>vHRywHxD.u'guhRvXuEkmvDRw>CkxX
uGJRuvk>A•A'h.ngvgxD.A4oD pDRthu.d 8IAuoH.o&.rk.uG>ySRqgeD>veD D 16IArgph>v;0h
thjzRh A16<A2010 4IAySRyXRvD>qh.eDRcH=3ApDRcJe;H 0h>oD 9IAuFo
d &.rk.AegrJ>&HRph. 17IArgwh>vJ>
5IAySRyXRvD>qh.eDRcH=4AzF.pdrRd uFo d 10IApDRrdr;hF unDuvkmu&Xcd.e>w
unDpXzS.d u&Xpd,.l ch. &.rk.eD>wh.wh.,h. 11IAeD>obV z.tHRrh>wh>ySRvXtrRw>vXy'd.
tJvf(United Karen League)vX 6IAeJ.%G.J =pDRph0gnd;(uD>y,DRyXRuD> 12IArgp>xd w>zH;w>rR0JRusRd wz.tylR<AuFo d
ok;y'd.ymyeD.vXtzd;oJp;ywH cd.vXttd.bS;H ) 13IArguF.JG 0h &.w>rR<Aql.cVw>rR'D;y.Ckmph>
xD.u'guhRto;zJvgthjzhRA8AoD 7IAeJ.%GJ.oCJR=rgxdwh>A'D;urH 14IApDRpJ.r,X. uD;'D;ySRrRrk>usRd 0JRuGmzdM.vDRI
teH R vXuEk m vD R w>Ck x Xt*h > wHmt*Rwz.rh>0J 15IApDR_zcJ .d ===A
AetzAw>y&Xymzsg0JM.vDRIA
unDpXzSd.u&Xpdrh>wh>
xH%l>uD>oJ;u&XvD>vHRwzkvXt
EkmvDR0J'.A1990AeH.w>CkxXt
unDu&XywHxD.vXuEkmvDRw>CkxX
rl;<AtySRyXRvD>qh.eDRrh>0JpRD ogtD. uGRJ uvk>A•Avgcsv
H RD A3oD u&XtylRymzsg0JvXunDzdcd.e> uEkmvDRvXu&XtHRtylRb.M.
'D;teJ.%G.J rh>0JpRD uFLM.vDRIA thjzRh A1<A2010 vDRqD'.w>vXttd.vX0h>wul. vDRIA
unDxH%l>uD>oJ;t*R wuyRu&Xu&dxD.to;vXw> unDuvkmu&XtHRu
wzkvXtywHxD.wh>0JvXuEkm unD u vk m y.wH . (u 'k;td.xD.0J'.unDuvkmu&Xw EkmvDRw>CkxXt[D.u0DRvDRqD
vDRA2010Aw>CkxXrh>0J'.unDu ,h.yFH.ol;y.wH.)zJtylRuGHmrk>oX zkvXuEkmvDR'd;CkxXto;vXA '.w>zJ0h>wul.uD>cD<AxHx.pUA
vkmu&X(u,h.yFH.ol;y.wH.A eHRvgrR%S;A31oD<AywHxD.0J'.ql 2010Aw>CkxXt*D>M.vDRIAw> uD>cD'D;unDuD>pJ.oh.oh.vDRIA
Karen People Party)M.vDRIA AetzAok;y'd.t0JRvD>cd.oh.AM> oh.ngb.vXunDuvkmu&XtHR 'fvJ.*hRu&XtHRwbd;b.&RvDR0J
unDuvkmu&Xtcd. yF.H 'D>'fo;d urReD.rRCgto;vXu unDcd.e>tusgvXty.CkmwD zd;oJp;'H;b.M.vDRIA
te>td.0JA17*R'D;rh>0J uJx.D y.wH.wzkvXuuJcX.p;vX cd.&d.rJw>rh>uoH.o&.'d.A'D; unDuvkmu&Xzd;oJp;
1IAok;cd.'d.pdApDRxdtD.rFh;(uD>y unDuvkmt*D>'D;uEkmvDR'd;CkxX uxX.pJrX.o.M.vDRIAunD cd. t*RwzkvXtrh>uD>pXzSd.unDu
,DRxHok;cd.vXttd.bS;H ) to;vXA2010Aw>Ck x Xt*h > A e>t*R ph>uD; uEkmvDRy.CkmvX &Xpd(Union Karen League)ph>uD;rh>
2IAySRyXRvD>qh.eDRcH=1AuoH.o etzAok;y'd.w>y&XrF.rgtvhym u &X tHRtylRvDRIA 'fvJ.*hRw> u 'H;'.u&XwzkvXtzd;oJp;M.vDRIA
&.'d.'D;uxX.pJrX.o. zsg0JM.vDRIA pD.vXtbl;'D;u&XtHRwymzsgxD. etzAok;y'd.bd;b.oh.ng0JvX
3IAySRyXRvD>qh.eDRcH=2Aok;cd.'d.pd w>upD.vXunDuvkm 0JvXunDcd.e>rwRt*Rwz.vX u&XvXtzd;oJp;wz.ub.ywH

AvgthjzhRA30AoD< 2010 3 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA April 30, 2010


'h.ngvgvDRA3oD<Ark>zDz;AAAAAAAAA @ ubsH;yRA4AunDeH.A2749AAAAAAAAAAA

xD.u'guhRvXuEkmvDRw>CkxX
t*D>M.vDRIArh>wywHx.D 0JvXA60
og%U.pH;vXqlngok;rk>'d.urRb.xGJ
oDtwD>ylRu&XvXtzd;oJp;tHRu
[;uGmH 0JM.vDRIA
uD>pXzSd.unDu&Xpdph>
xH%l>uD>oJ; ok;cd.usX>og%U.pH;u
wdRw>(8)rH;eH;twD>ylRM.tw>wJ
zsg0JvXbsD.'d.x;'D;bsD.'d.vmcH
cgvXmok;u b.y.CkmA25Ars;u
tw>y nd.rh> 0J '. vX A2010 eH. ,R'D;ySRvXtuJxD.uD>cd.tw>
uD;cJtRH td.vXw>*H>p>bgp>vXu uGRJ uvk>A•Avgcsv
H RD A1oD w>CkxXtrl;'D;ok;rk>'d.tw>rR vJRcDzsu d b.td.vXok;M.vDRIA
u&Xu&dxD.tu&Xcd.e>wz.t rR%S;A30<A2010 oeX.oh.wz.M.vDRIAb.q. [D.cd.'Dbh.w>'k;cHbsw D
*h>w>upD.vXtbl;'D;unDw0X A2010eH.w>CkxXtrl;M.wwJzsg bsD<A,y.[J';k M>uD>y,DR(1942=
tHRpH;0JM.vDRIA etzAok ; y'd . tyS R yXR xD.0J'.teHRtob D .I 1945)tcguvkm'l.Ckm'D;uD>y
uD>pXzSd.unDu&Xpdrh> vD>qh.eDRok;cd.usX>og%U.pH;0JvX og%U.pH;0JvXw>vXok; ,DRylRySRy,DRzdw>u&Xu&du>D y,DR
u&XwzkvXtEkmvDRA1990Aw>Ck qlrJmnguD>y,DRt*D>tvD>rh>td. rk>'d.tHRM.ub.EkmvDRzD.xD.xH ok;rk>'d.wz.yX>qX'k;zsd;uGHmzJ;qh;
xXtrl;b.q.wrRM>bsD.'d.cX. AuD>y,DRok;rk>'d.vXw>oh.ngtDR %l>uD>oJ;w>zH;w>rRzJxHuD>vd. ,y.vXuD>y,DRtqXuwD>tcg
p;eDw*Rb.IAw>upD.weDRymzsg0J 'fw;r'D>uEkmvDR[l;*JRrRb.xGJt b.tcgvDRIAyrh>qDwvJuGmH oEl M.uD>y,DRw>yX>qXrk>eHR[JyX>xD.
vXu&XtHRb.w>qD.xGw J >h tDRvX o;vXxH%l>uD>oJ;tw0XylRM.vDRI wcgqlt*Rwcgrh>wb.vD>b. 0JM.vDRIA b.q.rk>eHRvXw>xD'g
ok;y'd.M.vDRIA A ok;cd.usX>og%U.pH;uwdR p;b.'D;xHuD>'D;xHzduD>zdoh. w 0J'.zJ;qh;oEltRH ok;y'd.tpdRtqD
unDu&Xt*RvXtEkm vDRw>zJuD>y,DRok;rk>'d.rk>eHR(65) z.ub.o*X>'D;w>uDw>cJvDRI wz.tqDzJrRD pd&Rd M>0HRtpdRud;0J'.
vDRA1990Aw>CkxXtrl;rh>0JAu 0Dw0DvXAM>yH.F 'D>zJvgrR%S;A27AoD< og%U.pH;u'D;0JvX?w> vXok;rk>'d.rk>eHRM.vDRI
nD ' D u vk m 'H > rd . jch . pH . cD u &J ; Ark>bl.eHRpH;0J'.vX<A?y0Jok;zdcd. CkxXxD.trl;vXyurRweH.tHR w>'k;xD'gzJ;qh;oElw>
(Karen National Congress for
e>oh.wz.M.'fod;w>obVuM> M.rh>0J'.yol.xD.*H>cD.xH;'H>rd. 'k;tHRunD'D;&cX.uvkmph>uD;y.
Democracy) <AunDuD>pJ.uvkm
t*D>yzD.xD.pku0JRy'k;w>tod;<A jc.h pH.tuswJ cgM.vDRI/ Ckm0JvXtoeX.z;'d.tylRrh>w>
u&X(Karen State National
xH%l>uD>oJ;wuyRph>uD;yqDwvJ etzAok;y'd.uG;J ymvDR pH.pdRwJpRd vXt&h'.d wcgM.vDRIA
Organization)M.vDRIA
uGHm y o;ql ySRrRxH%l> uD> oJ; w u 0J'.xHuD>w>bsXcd.oh.vXtym rk>eHRvXw>xD'gzJ;qh; o
unD'Duvkm'H>rd.jch.
yR'D; y'k ;w>vDRI/ t*h>ok; y'd. w> *X>ymusXR0JvXusJwwDwvdRt EltHR cJtHR uJxD.vX uD>y,DR ok;
pH.u&Xb.w>rR[;*DRuGHmvXA
upD.oMrF;rgtvhymzsg0J'.M.vDRI ylRzJA2008eH.wb.w>wl>vdmtDR rk>'d.rk>eHR'D;rk>eHRtHR AetzA ok;w
etzAzJA1992AeH.'D;rhrh>AunD
AAAAAAAAetzAtok;rk>'d.rk>eHRtHR vDRqD'.w>vXuD>y,DRylRuvkm z.rR0J'.w>'k;eJ.ok;rk>tw>&J.
uD>pJ.uvkmu&XwcD[;*DR'.t
etzAok;cd.e>'d.xDwz.<ACkm'D; 'l.w>yX>qXu%l>wz.M.vDRIA w>usJRzJuvkm'l.wz.tw>y.
w>M.vDRIAzJA1990Aw>CkxXt
xH*kRuD>*Rok;rD>oDvXtqDvDRt uvkm'l.cd.e>wz.pH; CkmvX w>pH.pdRwJpdR tylR wcD b.
rl;unDu>D pJ.uvkmu&XrRM>bs.D
o;zJu>D y,DRylRwz.[Jx.D 0JM.vDRI 0JvXw>bsXcd.oh.tylRuvkm'l. w>o;yhReD.uGHm'D;w>w'k;y.Ckm
'd.cX.p;w*R'D;rhrh>unD'Duvkm
A tylRuGHmvgtwD>ylRok;y cGJ;,mwtd.b.<Aw'k;td.xD. uGrJ mk t0Jo.h b.M.vDRIA
'H>rd.jch.pH.cDu&J;wrRM>bsD.'d.
'd.udwdmweDRqDwvJuGHmto;ql uD>pXzSd.trh>twDvXuvkm'l. zJ;qh;oElrh>0J'.oElvX
cX.p;eDw*Rb.M.vDRIA
ySRrk>qh.rk>*DR'D;urRxH%l>uD>oJ;'f ChxD.0Jb.trJmngw>bsXcd. w>tJ.uvkmo;tH.vXttd.'D;
vXunD u D > pJ . z.t.
od; u Ck &h xX xD. to ;zJA2010A oh. tHR rh>'f od; urR*X>rRusXR ok; w>pl;ugw>pdurDR'k;rReXRuvkm*R
wuyRph>uD;w>oh.ngb.vXu
eH.w>CkxXxD.trl;M.vDRI w>yXw>jy;cDzsv d Xw>bsXcd.oh.ym tw>qdurd.qdur;wz.M.vDRIAA
nDcd.e>wz.xH.vdmwh>to;w
bsDvXw>u&Xu&dxD.y.wH.wzk
vX uEkmvDR w>CkxXvXunDuD>
pJ.ylRt*D>M.vDRIA
'fvJ.*hRt0Joh.wrRM>
w>qXwJmeDwrHR'H;b.'D;td.ph>
uD;'D;w>wdmvXuxH.vdmtd.o
ud;qlngvXu'k;td.xD.y.wH.
t*D>M.vDRIAy.wH.wzktHRw>qd
urd.qdympXRvXurh>vXunDySd>
unDpSDRcJvXmt*D>M.vDRIAw>qd
urd.td.0JweDRvXy.wH.tHRu
ud;0JvXAzsRd %SRD y.wH.ph>uD;M.vDRIA
Photo: BBC

AvgthjzhRA30AoD< 2010 4 AAAAAAAA April 30, 2010


ubsH;yRA5AunDeH.A2749AAAAAAAAAAAA @ AAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAA'h.ngvgvDRA3oD<Ark>zDz;A

&cX.y.wH.toDuywHx.D to;vXuEkmvDRw>CkxX
uGRJ uvk>A•Avgcsv
H RD A4oDA wz.wX.yD.wX.yDvdmto;vH'D; AwkRA2002eH.M.vDRI xD.ol.xD.to;zJA2005eH.'D;ySR
thjzRh A2<A2010 u ywHxD. to; vXcHwvg t*h> wpnArh>y.wH.wzkvX yXRvD>qh.eDRrh>0J'.tltu h .DF (0h>w
y.wH.tySRb.rlb.'gpH;b.rFH. t[JuJxD.cDzsdArqvAvXtb. ul.)ySRyXRvD>qh.eDRcH*Rw*Rtlp.
2010Aw>CkxXtrl;t pH.r.w>upD.oMM.vDRIA w>'k;td.xD.tDRvXrDRpd&dRM.0hzJA wJ>(rFD;tl)'D;eJ.&GJ.'D;eJ.&GJ.o CJR
*D>&cX.y.wH.toDwzkuywHx.D y.wH.ySRyXRvD>qh.eDRtl 1962AeH.M.vDRIAvXcHArqvAtHR rh>0J'.rFh;pD.(ZD.)(uFD;wd>)oh.w
to;qlAetzAok;0JRvD>cd.oh.AM> thuFJ.pH;b.rFH.pH.r.w>upD.o qD w vJ u h R trH R ql A wpnAzJ A z.M.vDRI
yFH.'D> zJAvgvXt u [Jt*h> M. y. MvX<A?wcsK;wgvDRrhwrh>wg uhR 1988AeH.uFdzd'D;ursX>wz.tw> &cX.y.wH.u&Xt*Rw
wH.ySRyXRvD>qh.eDRpH;b.w>upD. xD.r;yok;usJRvXyuywHxD.M. *JRqXxX.xD'gok;y'd.vXuD>y,DR zkvXtrh>&cX.'H>rd.jch.pH.u&Xrd>
oMM.vDRIAy.wH.tHRuEkmvDRjyX vDRIAb.q. tcJtHR M.ywX. yD. ylRtcgM.vDRIA yS>(Arakan League for Democracy
w>vX&cX.uD>pJ.t*D>M.vDRI wX.yDtzXrk>M.vDRI y.wH.qDvDR0Jt0JR'X; ALD)'D;rh>u&XwzkvXtrRM>bsD.
&cX.y.wH.trHRvXuD> AAAAAAAAtlthuFJ.rh>ySRvXtrRwh> t'hwz.zJ&cX.uD>pJ.<AuD>q. 'd.cX.p;A11A*R vX& cX.uD>pJ.t
y,DRuD>pXzSd.uvkmxH%l>uD>oJ;*H> w>vXuvkm'l.pXzS.d u&X(wdik ;f &if; A14Abh.tylRvXty.Ckmph;wU><A ylRM.vDRIAy.wH.tHRxD'g0J'.A
bgymzSd.(&cX.uD>)(Union of o1;pnf;vHk;nDnGwfa&;=wpn uDF;wd><ArFD;tl'D;y.wH. u&Xzdtd. etzA2010AeH.w>CkxXtrl;cDzsd
Myanmar National Political Forces National Unity Party NUP )y. 0J'.A240<000bs.J t*h>tlthuF.J wwl>vdm0J'.AetzA2008AeH.
(Rakhine State)'D;'fod;uywHxD.
wH.'ftrh>rFD;tluD>q.w>u&Xu wJ0J'.M.vRD I w>ol.xD.xHuD>w>bsXoJp;cd.
to;t*D>y.wH.tHRtcd.te>oh. &durHwmH eJ.&G.J w*Rtod;zJA1990 &cX.y.wH.toDtRH p; oh.b.tCdM.vDRIA

y,DRok;qSXxD.odvh.u[.x;qlucFh>uD>
uGRJ uv>k A•Avgcsv
H RD A9AoD t rh> ok;*h> 0D w> td. uwDR o; vX yXRuD> qX t*h> b. q. w rR M>w> 'D;w> wdm vX uud; 0J '. *h>*D>tl u
thjzRh A7<A2010 ucFh> w> obV u&X tzD cd. zJ ucFh> tpXeDwrHRb.IAtvD>cHAetzA[h. rsX>tw>td.zSd.zJt0JRvD>cd.oh.
w>obVu&Xcd.e>rh>orXvXuuJ tgxD.0JucFh>w>obVu&Xtw> vJ.p.vXurR0Jw>pH.nD.wJmvX
etzAok;qSXxD.0J'.t xD.ok;yXRuD>qXM.vDRIA qXuwD>wkRvXvgthjzhRA28oDvX cHuwX>M.vDRIA
ok;u[.x;'D;odvh.vXtu,R zJvg th jzhRA 4AoD teHR upH;qXu'guhR0JtvD>cHuwX>vX ucFh>w>obVu&Xrh>u
wz.qlucF>h uD>pJ.t0h>cd.rF;h uFeg
H AetzA ok; cd. usX> pd ,J rFh; vJR xH. uuJx.D ok;yXRuD>qXt*h>M.vDRIA cFh>uvkm'l.pk u0JR w>yX> qX vX t
zJtylRuGmH vgthjzhRA5oDteHRzJucF>h vdm 0J'.ucFh> w> o bV u&X cd. e> b.xGJ w> *h> tHR tzDcd. rRw>ywkmw>c;'D;ok;y'd.zJA1994
w>obVu&Xcd.e>wz.orX0JvX wz.zJrF;h uFeH gb.xGw>uJ
J xD.ok; ucFh>w>obVu&Xcd.e>wz.td. eH.M.vDRI
uuJxD.ok;yXRuD>qX0HRtvD>cHt
*h>ucF>h w>upD.oMymzsg0JM.vDRI
ucFh> w> upD. u%l> (u
cFh>!lpf-uL;)ymzsg0JvXAvD>u0DRzd
ok;y'd.rRxDxD.tw>0Ho;plR
'D; w>upD.vXok;usg wuyR pH; 0J uGRJ uvk>A•Avgcsv
H RD A7oD etzAok;y'd.tw>[h. Aok;y'd.tw>ok;xDxD.M>u'D;
vX t xH. b.0J'. vX AetzA ok; thjzRh A5<A2010 yvD> AucFh> w>obV u&X tHR rh>0J uvkm'l.ywkmw>c;wz.rk>eHRrk>
vXrg wvh qSX xD. 0J'. ok; od vh. '.zJucFh>tw>xH.vdmwX.yD.o oDvX uqXwJm 0J'. vX u uJ xD.
u[.x;A18Acd.'D;ok;odvh.u etzAok;y'd.'k;oh.ng ud;w>'D;ok;y'd.wbsK;bsDtvD>cH ok;yXRuD>qXM.vDRI
td.A150Acd.qlrFh;uFegH M.vDRIAxJ 0J'.ucFh>w>obVu&X(ch.tJ. uwX>wbszJD vgthjzhRA4AoDzJrFh;uFH ucFh>w>obVu&Xrh>w
'. ok; od vh.A 97cd. 'D; ok;od vh. td.)vXzJvgthjzhRA28oDteHRurh> eg< A b.xGJ ucFh> w>obV u&X u wl>vdm0J'.ok;yXRuD>qXb.oXysXR
u[.x;A18cd.vJRwkRqlrFh;uFHeg rk>eHRtuwX>vXub.qXwJm0J'. b.uJx.D ok;yXRuD>qXb.q.w> uD>y,DRok;y'd.uu;wHmuGHmu
zJAetzAok;uvHRpd;uD>cD0JRvD>cd. vX uuJxD. ok;k yXRuD> qX<A rh> w w rR M>w> pH; qX eD w rHR 0HR tvD>cH &X tHR w>&hvdm qJ;usd; t0JR'X; oh.
oh.qD vDR o; tvD>'D; t*R wz. uJxD.b.M.ok;y'd.urRxD.wJm ok;y'd.tw>ymyeD.vXuvkm'l. wz.vXttd.vXucFh>uD>pJ.vX
w>emvXuvJRqlAbrD>AM.vDRIA uGHm0J'.ucFh>tw>qJ;usd;0JR'X;'D; zD. pk u0J Rywkmw>c;uz.u b. trh>0JAbrdm<ArFh;uFHeg<A[dyJ<AweJ
etzAok;qSXxD.tod ok;y'd.weDRt*h>ucFh>w>upD.o uJxD.ok;yXRuD>qXzJvgrR%S;(10) 'D;w>vD>t*Roh.wz.M.vDRIAt
vh.tHRySRuG>pl.w>yJmxHeDRz;0JvX M(ucF>h !lp-f uL;)ymzsg0JM.vDRI oD t eHR M. vDRI A w> tHR rh> Aetz tHRrh>0J'.ok;y'd.tw>[h.yvD>0J

AvgthjzhRA30AoD< 2010 5 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA April 30, 2010


'h.ngvgvDRA3oD<Ark>zDz;AAAAAAAAA @ ubsH;yRA6AunDeH.A2749AAAAAAAAAAA

t*h>ucFh>w>obVu&Xcd.e>w*R yD.,l.p.AzJvgthjzhRxD.A1oDb. wl>vdm0JM.uymyeD.0;uD>pJ.pX [D.cd.[l;uJxD.to;oht*h>w>


wJzsgxD.0J'.zJ u&X tHR tw> td. xGJ0;uD>pJ.pXzSd.ok;rk>uuJxD. zSd.ok;vXtwzd;oJp;t*h>th.&. up.D ‘Mf .o.h wz.[x l .D ogvDR0J
zS.d zJt0JRvD>cd.oh.AvJ.p.At*h>A ok;yXRuD>qXt*h>M.vDRIAetzA 0wH.w>upD.oMymzsg0JM.vDRI ‘.vXM>y.HF 'D>ok;y‘.d yRS rRw>ztw d
ucF>h w>upD.u%l>ymzsg0JM.vDRI ok;cd.e>ok;xDxD.M>ph>uD;A0;uD> AAAAAAAucFh>w>obVu&XrRw> 0XylRM.vRID
etzAok;cd.e>ok;cd. pJ.pXzS.d ok;rk>tcd.te>wz.zJvg ywkmw>c;'D;ok;y'd.zJA1994eH. z J u v HR rk> v D R w e. &H .
usX>pdA,JrFh;vJRxH.vdmph>uD;'D;0; thjzhRA22oDvXu[h.w>pH;qXvX 'D;0;uD>pJ.pXzSd.ok;rk>rRw>ywkm bsJ.tqXuwD>zJM>yFH.'D>M.rh.tl
uD>pJ.pXzSd.ok;rk>(UWSA) tcd. uuJxD.ok;yXRuD>qXt*h><Arh>w w>c;'D;ok;y'd.zJA1989AeH.M.vDRI ou H mHG ‘;D uvRH ywkm0HRr;r.t h [l uJ
‘guhR‘D;ySRunDw>b.‘db.xH;w

uvHRrk>vDRzJM>yFH.'D> “rlc.d tv>JG *DR‘w


0HRwkRvDRvXCke.&H.tqXuwD>
w>plR‘D;uvHRwz.tlw>e;r;t
D [gng td.b.t*h>t.h &.0wH.w>upD.
ymzsg0v J RD I
w>xd.‘G;w,mrlcd.u
uGRJ uvk>A•Avgcsv H RD A2oD zJ r [ g b. z J [ g cD A6e. Cdw>ol.xD.bSDxD.wz.b.u vHRoD.*DRt0JRusdRwJ0J‘.vXuvHR
rR%S;A31<A2010 &H.wkRA7e.&H.tqXuwD>cDzsdvX vHR‘D;oD.xD.0J‘.0l0lt*h>/M>yFH. rk>tHRtlw>we.&H.trHRvmoXqH
zJr[guXmcDzsdvXuvHR uvHRrk>vDRtCdoh.xH;0.bdzJM> 'D>udwdm0JRusdRySRb.rlb.‘gw*R wkR,J>qH‘D;wuwD>CDvXrgwvh
rk> v DR o wl> u vm zJAetzAok; y yFH.'D>wul>uGHm‘D;w>ol.xD.weDR wb.th
J .&.0wH.M.vDRIA ph>u;D uvHRrk>vDR0‘J .M.vDRI
'd.t0h>cd.M>yFH.'D>w>qXuwD> tcd.‘;k zsd;uGmH tCdok;y‘d.tySRrR cDzsdvXw>w,mrlcd.u uv HR rk> t HR t d. v Xth ‘ H
,Hmwe.&H.bs.J tCM> d yFH.'D>ok;y w>zdzJM>yFH.'D>tg*RysHRw>zk;w>t vHRo.D *DRwtd.b.‘;D uvHRrk>vDR , g ‘ D ; [ J c D C DR ql w %l;u D > b.Ckm
‘d.tySRrRw>zdysRH w>zk;w>t*h>th. *h>M>yFH.'D>ok;y‘d.ySRrRw>zdtySRw owl>uvmtCdwrh>w>yeD.vX 0J'D;uD>y,DRt C d uvHRrk>vDR0 J‘.
&.0wH.w>upD.ymzsg0v J RD I 0Xw0J vJ RD I t*Rh b.‘;D w,Hmb.b.oh.oh. M.vDRI

rh.yd>yd>xD.zJ0h>wul.wgvDRySRoHtgM>A6A*R
uGRJ uvk>A•A'h.ngxD.A3oD
thjzRh A15<A2010

rh.yd>yd>xD.oXzsX.zJwg
vDRtqXuwD><AzJ0h>wul.zJweHR
tHRtCdySRoHA6*R'D;b.'dA75*Rt
*h>AetzAuGRvh J vdR'D;w>qg[H.ySR
b.rlb.'gpH;0JM.vDRIA
etzAok;uGRJ vhvRd ymzsg
0JvXySRoHA6*Rrhr>h w>qg[H.ySRb.
rlb.'gwcDymzsg0JvXySRoHA9*Rt
*h>&J;xX.w>upD.oMymzsg0JvRD I
'ftnDEk>tod;zJrh.yd>yd>
xD.vXtylRuGHmwz.AetzAok;y
'd.ym'h.ymur.vXtrh>uvkm'l.
pku0JRw>yX>qX'D;u%l>u&XvXt yXRuD>[;orHord;uG>uhRw>vD>vXrh.yd>yd>xD.tvD>IAw>*DR=Reuters
xD'gok;'d.t*Rwz.tw>rRb.
q.rhrh>rh.yd>yd>xD.wbsDtHRok;y w>o*X>0JwgvDRtqXuwD>vDRIA yd>xD.ph>uD;vX0h>wul.w>vD>t pJ.ok; rk>=uvHR xH;<A u&eH. w>
'd.wymw>ur.uvkm'l.zD.pk0JR zJtylRuGHmvgrhRA2005A *RpSRwDRM.vDRIA vJRxD.vJRxDu&X'D;xH%l>uD>oJ;
rh>*hRu%l>t*ReDwzk';H b.M.vDRIA eH.tylRrh.yd>yd>xD.oXzsX.zJ0h>w zJ M .qXuwD > AetzA u &X vX ttd. vX uD> csX 'ftrh> uD>
rh.yd>yd>xD.tHRrh>0Jzu.
J ul.yeHm&dus;(plyX.rguJ;)ySRoHA ok;y'd.ym'h.ymur.0J'.uvkm pXzS.d uD>y,DRuvkmymzS.d y'd.(tJ.
'D>uFedH .M.vDRIArh>w>qXuwD>vX 11*R'D;b.'dtgM>A160*R'D;rh.yd> 'l. w>yX>qXch.tJ.,l.<A,dRuD> pH.uF.H ,l.bH.)M.vDRIA

AvgthjzhRA30AoD< 2010 6 AAAAAAAA April 30, 2010


ubsH;yRA7AunDeH.A2749AAAAAAAAAAAA @ AAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAA'h.ngvgvDRA3oD<Ark>zDz;A

oG.H III
b.cJeD>eD>z.zJunDzdweDReDRtw>rk>v>vXm
uGmH vXunDw>yX>qXtylRM.vDRI
w>uwdRuhRunDusmd rh>w>t&h'.d r;
vXpDR,dRo;t*D>vDRIApDR,dRo;pH;0J<?ySRunDzd
td.0Jt*RA10bsJ.zJyok;&h.(uD>y,DRcD.cVok;
&h.=439)ylRM.vDRIAunDzdwz.tg'.wuh>
w>zD.ql.tDRM.vDRIAwrh>'H;od;cd.zX.bD('H>ch.
bH.th.)b.IAySRwDc.d &d.rJyRS wz.rh>'.ySRy,DR
zdM.vDRIAzJyw0XylRrh>*hR<AzJyxH.'D;unDursX>
wz.rh>*hRy,DRok;cd.vXtyXqSXySRwz.w[h.
w>*DR=ucFh0g

ySRw>cGJ;w>,mvXyuuwdRvdmyo;vXunD
usmd b.I/
uvkm'l.wz.td.0Jtgr;vXy,DR
ucF0h g(uGRJ uvk>) C.uGHmunDzd[D.cd.uyHmxJwxg{dRqlySRy ok;tusg'fo;k zdtywD>tod;M.vDRIAw>wDcd.
vgrR%S;A17<A2010 ,DRzdwz.tpkylReDwpkb.IA,o;rkm'd.r;ph> &d.rJrhwrh>w>qXwJmtw>cGJ;w>,mwz.w>
uD;vX,td.b.'H;vX,vD>,usJ'D;qXxX.'k; w[h.rl'gqluvkm'l.wz.tpkylRb.IAvXuD>
wbst D 0Jr>h 0J'.y,DRok;b.q.cJtRH oud;w>'D;,ySRuvkmvXtwl>b.w>eD>eD>w y,DRok;tusg'.vJmw>obH.obk.'fod;tHR
rh>ySRw*RvXtvlRrRpXR0J'.ursX>vXy,DRok;vlR z.tCdM.vDRI/ wz.td.0JM.vDRI
rRoHwz.M.vDRIA ySRtg*Rtusg<ApDR,dRo;rh>ph>uD;ySRw ?y,DRwz.olyRS <ArRySRe;'d.r;vDRIAy
pDR,dRo;<A20eH.<Atd.zsJ.xD.zJvX> *RvXtrRpXRb.tySRuvkmvXttd.urScJH u ub.'k;M>uhRyw>obV'D;ol.xD.uhRyuD>ol
'd.uD>q.<A csX.vGH>xl.uD>&h. <Ay,DRok; w>eD eH.tHRvXteD.*H>tgM>ySRA2000*RzJvX>'d.uD> vhRM.vDRIAyrkmvRo;zSHvXySR*Rtd.'kyM>b.y
zSd.vD>AtD.pdrdAM.vDRI t0J'D;toud;zdoX*R q.<AcsX.vG>H xl.uD>&h.ylRp;xD.vg,ElRtg&HRA w>obVwohb.IAvXyw>zH;w>rRoeX.ylRy
b.w>zD.ql.t0Jo.h vXuD>y,DRok;wz.zJt 2010xD.oDvHRvHRM.vDRIAt0J'D;toud;weDR ub.[h.vDRo;wJmwJmzsKzsK'D;e>yX>yw>zH;
0Jo.h vJRuG>bl.zJvX>'d.0h>ylRM.vDRI xk;xD.uGHm0JuD>y,DRok;[D.vmrh.yd>tgM>A5 w>rRt*h>tcX;vDRwH>vDRqJ;M.vDRI/t*h>pDR
w>M.tvD>cHApDR,dRo;Ab.xD.ok; zsX.zJvgzhR-bLRtg&HRtuwD>M.vDRIApDR,dRo; ,dRo;pH;0JvRD IA
w>od.vd(6)vgM.vDRIA0HRt0Jb.w>qSXvDR [JuhRrRoud;w>'D;tySRuvkmvXtb.uD
qlw>rJmngvXunDuD>pJ.csX.vGH>xl.
uD>&h.wuyR(3)vgzJc.D cVok;&h.(439)
vXtb.w>wD cd.&d. rJtDRvXok; 'hcd.
,.eJ.pdM.vDRIA
vXcHuwX>pDR,dRo;Ch>zsd;xD.
uGHmvXtok;'hzJA2009eH.bl;uvXmM.
vDRIAcJtHRt0JEkmvDRrRw>vXunD'Du
vkmpXzS.d u&XzJcsX.vG>H xl.uD>&h.tylRM.
vDRI
?,ol.rkmo;rkm'd.r;vX,
[JuhR rR oud;b. uhRw>'D;,ySRuvkm
tw0XylRM.vDRIAyw>wl>b.cD.b.<Ay
w>ynd.<Ayusdm'D;y w> qJ;w> vRwz.
w>*DR=ucFh0g

rh>w>wrHRCDtCd,o;rh>vDRbSH;xJvJ.
xJv.J b.q.,o;wtd.vX,u[h.

AvgthjzhRA30AoD< 2010 7 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA April 30, 2010


'h.ngvgvDRA3oD<Ark>zDz;AAAAAAAAA @ ubsH;yRA8AunDeH.A2749AAAAAAAAAAA

unDrk.AegpdR,RzgAb.w>CkxXxD.tDR'fweHRtHR[D.cd.'Dbh.o;p>cd.e>
rRorHord;tvD>cHuwX>uFD>'X>eD>yRrk.(Rania
Al Abdullah)'fySRyXRvD>qh.eDRtod;CkxX0Jo;
p>cd.e>vXw>ymzsgtDR'D;w>oh.ngtDRtgvX
w>upD.ylRoh.wz.M.vDRI
weH.tHRw>CkxXxD.o;p>cd.e>t
usgthR%SRrk>xD.[D.u0DRo;p>y.CkmA43*R'D;ySR
oh.wz.tHRrRw>b.C;vXxH%l>uD>oJ;<Ark>
usRd 0JRuGm<AursX>w>u&Xu&d<Aw>ul.b.ul.
ohwz.M.vDRIAth%RS xHu>D wz.tusguD>y,DR<A
uD>uFD.wJ.<Arvh%Sg<Ath.'dReH%Sg<AzHvHyH;<Aphu
yl.<AbH.,Je.'D;cJ.bd'H,gySRo;p>wz.b.w>
CkxXtDR'D;Aphuyl.o;p>y.0JA4*R'D;rh>xHuD>
vXtb.w>CkxXxD.tusgttguwX>M.vDRI
w>rRvRuyDR[D.cd.'Dbh.o;p>cd.e>
w>urRtDRzJvgrhRA2oD<AwkRA7oDzJA0h>(Dares
w>*DR=q.rl

Falaam), wRp.eH,guD>vXAtR_zHuRM.vDRI
[D.cd.'Dbh.rk>usdR0JRuGmysJ>pD>p;xD.
q.rl w>CkxXxD.tHRtzDcd.AegpdR,RzgwJ rRw>ymyeD.o;p>cd.e>'ftHRvXtylRuGHmeH.w
vgthjzRh A12<A2010 zsgxD.0Jtw>wl>b.Aw>ymo;vX<?w>tHRrh>0J ,Hm'H;b.M.vDRI
ySRymyeD.0JySRuD>y,DRzdcJvXmtw>*JRvdmvXw> egpdR,gzgrh>0JtylRuGmH cHeH.ch.tJ.,l.
AAAAAAAA[D.cd.'Dbh.rk>usdR0JRuGmysJ>pD>(World obV'D;w>wDw>-w>t*D>rh>0Jw>*H>w>bgz;'d. eJ.&G.J cd.usX>y'd.rg%S.vgzgvXtb.w>ul.rR
Economic Forum)CkxX0JA2010AeH.[D.cd.'D wcgvDRIA,qXrk>v>vXw>tHRurh>0Jw>[h. oHtDRAtzdrk.tqH;w*RvXt[l;*JRrRw>vX
bh.o;p>cd.e>tusgy.Ckm0JAegpdR,RzgA'ftrh> ql.xD.xHzduD>zdvXtwl>b.w>wz.tw>rR (Burma Campaign UK)vXuD>y,DR'H>rd.jch.pH.
ySR*JRvdmw>vXuD>y,DRt*D>vXuD>,l.ch.t*h> oud;w>'D;uD>y,DRw>td.o;tw>qDwvJu 'D;ySR[D.cd.zdcGJ;,mt*D>vXtd.ol.vDRto;zJ
yoh.ngb.vDRI td.xD.wcgcgt*D>M.vDRI/ uD>tJuvH;M.vDRIAvXunDuD>pJ.tylRySRo;
w>CkxX0JxHuD>cJvXmA72Abh.ySRvX w>CkxXxD.[D.cd.'Db.h cd.e>trHRp p>vXt[l;*JRw>vXuvkm*h>0DwkRvDRwDRvDRw
to;td.A40AeH.qltzDvmt*RA5000Atusg &Do.h wz.w>wD.xD.tDR0HRtvD>cHu>D trJ&uR z. w eH. w bsD b. w> [h. tDR cd. z; vX zg zD. 'h
ySRCkxX0JySRo;p>A197A*RtusgAegpdR,Rzgy. w>CkxH.oh.ngul.yeH.(Heidrick & Stru- %SX.'D;egpdR,Rzgrh>0JzgzD.'h%SX.tySReJ.w>w*R
Ckm0J'.M.vDRI ggles)rR0Jw>CkxXwXwywD>0HR'D;w>CkxXw> M.vDRI

o;vXtwl>C.woh uhRtw>vJRcDzsdpH;0J<?y,DRok;'GJ.tl,[H.A5A
bs<D Ac;oH,yk>,wrk.wcGgA6A*R<A'J.G tlumHG ,
bk,[kA7Abs/D M.vDRIA
ucF0h g(uGRJ uvk>) uD>y,DRok;ymyeD.0J[.D u0DRtHR'ft 'fpDRuFDyS>tod;o0Dzdt*Rwz.vXt
rR%S;A28<A2010 rh>[D.u0DRol<Ay,DRok;wz.c;oH0JySRw*Rv> b.w>vlRrRoHwh>tDRvXeH.vgwz.tylRb.
v>vXtxH.M>0JM.vDRIAzd'Hzdo.<Ark.cGgurJA q.t0Jo.h td.xX.*X>vXt'lo0Dt*D>Ch>td.
y,DRuvkm'd.pdtok;rk>wz.*kmusJ; 'D;Aol.cho;yS>AvXteD.*H>tgM>A2000bs.J Ch>rSH urSHvXyS>ylR'D;*kmusJ;pX;ol.xD.uhRtw>td.rl
pX;'D.wJmuGHm0JunDw>yX>qXt*H>t*JRt*D>rR [;zsd;0Jy,DRok;tw>xD.'k;p;xD.zJvg,ElR vXw>'k;w>,Rw>rRoHrR0DtysyD Rl M.vDRIA
wh>w>xD.'k;vXunDuD>pJ.tylRwy,l>CDvX tg&HRwkRcJueH.tHRM.vDRIA CJ'Xo0Dzed >D rk.0gvXt0Rb.w>c;oH
eH.qHz.dS tylRM.vDRIAtw>xD.'k;tylRrRoHrR0D b.xGJw>*h>tHRpDRucFh0gvXtvJRwkR tDRvXy,DRok;pH;0J<?t0J(t0R)ogu0HxD.[k
ursX><A'GJ.tl'lo0D<ArR[;*DRuGHmw>zdw>vHRt zJw>uJx.D o;tvD>rReD.rRCg0Jw>*DRrl';D ymzsg o;vXupH.0HtD.M>ySRt*D>tcg<Ay,DRok;[J
uvkmuvkmvXtxH.M>0Jo.h wz.M.vDRIAw xD.0J'.unDursX>wz.tw>wwl>C.o;<A CDRc;w>vX'X;cD.xH;<Ay,DRok;c;b.tcd.o.
eH.tHRzJvg,ElRtg&HRtvXmy,DRok;rRw>xD. [H;Cm*X>usXR'Do'XtxHtuD>t'lto0DvX CH'D;oH0vJ RD I/
'k;zJACJ'X'D;uGHvgu%l><AvX>'d.uD>q.<AcsX. tb.w>[JEmk vDR'k;tDRvXy,DRok;rk>M.vDRIA AAAAAAAA'H>ch.bH.th.'D;AetzAok;wz.xD.rR
vG>H xl.uD>&h.tylRM.vDRIA xHn.ywhRo0Do;yS>pDRuFyD >S wJb. qlubsH;yRA16

AvgthjzhRA30AoD< 2010 8 AAAAAAAA April 30, 2010


ubsH;yRA9AunDeH.A2749AAAAAAAAAAAA @
w>yJmxHeDRz;
AAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAA'h.ngvgvDRA3oD<Ark>zDz;A

usJvD>vHRvXwvJRwkReDwylR
2008Aw>ol.xD.xHu>D w>bsXcd.oh.'D;w>CkxXtrl;vXtu[J
eD>rh.tl bD.wbh.tHRwtd.uwDRto;vXu'k;td. w>ol.xD.xHuD>w>bsXcd.oh.A(2008)'gvDR
thjzRh A3<A2010 xD.0J'H>rd.jch.pH.tusdRtusJwz.b.IAcHrHRw 0J'.usJvXuym*X>ymusXR0J'.ok;y'd.w>yXw>
rHR<Aw>tX.vDRvXw>u'k;td.xD.'H>rd.jch.pH. jy;<A rRu'D; toD wbsDvX ok;td.'D;w>&J.w>
w>pH.pdRwJpRd tw>b.xGJ uD>pXzS.d M.wtd.xD.eDwbDsb.<AvXw>M.t usRJ vXuysmd vJumHG to;qlxHzud >D zdy'd.cDzsv
d X
Cduvkm'l.vXttX.vDRvXuzD.vdmpkvXuD> urRw>CkxXtrl;vXu[JtHRM.vDRIA
vXw>wX.yD.uwdRoud;uD>y,DR pXzSd.(vXwtd.xD.eDwbsDb.)'.vJmp;xD. w>ol.xD.xHu>D w>bsXcdo.h A2008
w>ol.xD.xHu>D w>bsXoJp;cd.oh.t*h>rhwrh> yX>qXw>M.vDRIA A'D;ok;y'd.vXtyXw>cJtHRtw>tJ.'d;ysdmvJt
w>*JRvdmvX'H>rd.jch.pH.t*D>M.w>*h>rd>yS>vX vXqHzSd.eH.tylRvXw>uGJ;vDR0Jw> o;qlxzH u d >D zdty'd.M.w>tpXrEkRwz.uydm
t&h'd.0JwrHRrh>0J'.w>ub.oh.ng'D;e>yX> ol.xD.xHuD>w>bsXcd.oh.'D;w>rR0Jw>CkxX xGJxD.tcHvJ.IAzJywJvDRwH>vXw>ydmxGJxD.
xGJw>*JRvdmuGJ;wh>0J'.w>ol.xD.xHuD>w> trl;tylRtwhRM.zJA1958AeH.w>td.o;tHR'k; tcHrEkRwz.wohvRD wH>vDRqJ;tcg<Ayxd.uG>
bsXoJp;cd.oh.vXtylRuGHmwz.'D;w>tpXvX uJxD.0J'.w>td;[dxD.usJvXok;xD.[H;M> o}wDR0J'.w>ol.xD.xHu>D w>bsXcd.oh.cJtRH
t[JydmxGJxD.tcHwz.M.vDRIAp;xD.vXw> w>pdw>urDRtqduwX>wbsD'D;vXcHxD.[H;M> 'D;vXtylRuGHmwz.oh0JM.vDRIAyymzsgxD.w>
obVM>0HRwkR rk>rqgweHRtHR<Aw>vXuD>y,DR u'D;0J';D yXw>wy,l>CDzAJ 1962eH.M.vDRIAw> *h>cd.oh.wz.oh0<J A'D;AyymzsgxD.w>wRvDRM>
uG>uymuGHm0J'.wy,l>CDvXw>pH.pdRwJpdRt M.tvD>cH<Aok;w>yXw>jy;b.w>'k;td. xD. w>'D;w>uDw>cJc.d oh.wz.qlngoh0cJ zD syd uG>
ylRrh>0JAw>uG>uymuGHmw>*h>uDvXt&h'd.'D;ySR tDRvXuD>y,DRpd.pvh;y.wH.(rqvABurma u'guhRuD>y,DRtw>vJRcDzsdvXtylRuGHmtCd
tw>rd.M>o;vDwz.vDRIAtCdw>ydmxGJxD. Socialist Program Party BSPP )wkRvDR M.vDRIA
tcHrh>0JAxH%l>uD>oJ;<Ark>usdR0JRuGm'D;w>ol. vXA1988AeH.M.vDRIA
xD.xHuD>w>bsXoJp;cd.oh.tw>*h>uDtw> ySRweDR*h>vdm0JvXAcDzsdvXAzqyvA 2008Aw>ol.xD.xHu>D w>bsXcd.oh.
bHblq;CRM.vDRIAzJA1949AeH.<AtD.qgA'D; txXylRw>obH.obk.tCd'k;td.xD.0Ju
tu&XvXtxD'gzJ;qh;vXtrh>Azqyv(Anti vkm'l.tw>yX>qXA'D;w>tHRtzDcd.vd.b.0J
'D;A1974A w>ol.xD. xHuD>w>bsX cd.
Fascist People’s Freedom League AFPFL ) '.ok;vXuEkmvDRrRb.xGJto;tgxD.M. oh.tu'ku,D>
*JRvdm0JvXw>ql.w>udRtylRvXurRM>uD>y vDRIA'fvJ.*hR<Aw>rh>uG>xHuG>q;vXw>usJR 2008Aw>ol.xD.xHuD>w>bsXcd.
,DR uvkmw>obV vXtJuvH; ttd. cDzsd usJR b.vdm0J'.uvkm'l.tw>o;wrHtcgM.'k; oh.'D;A1974Aw>ol.xD.xHuD>w>bsXcd.oh.
vDRwH>0JvXurRM>uvkm'l.wz.tw>tX.vDR eJ.zsgxD.0JvXy'd.td.'D;w>ymo;vXtwtJ. tw>vDRqDvdmto;td.0Jtod;w>vXtvDRy
wl>vdm vXuy.Ckmoud; vXw>ol. xD. uD> 'd;wJoud;0J'.Aw>ol.xD.xHuD>w>bsXcd. vdm'H;od;vdmto;vXw>ol.xD.xHuD>w>bsX
y,DRuD>pXzSd.M.vDRIAtJuvH;o;td.[;xD. oh.t*h>M.vDRIAw>rh>wJoud;w>ol.xD.xH cd.oh.cHb.h tHRtd.0Jp>h uD;M.vDRIA
uGmH vXuD>y,DRtylRM.vDRIAw>ydmxD.tcHrh>0J< uD>w>bsXcd.oh.M.b.oh.oh.w>Ch.vDRo
AzJA1947AeH.Ayh.vd.Aw>td.zS.d tcguvkm'l. ud;w>*h>uDtHRvXw>rkmw>ck.tylRoh0M.vD J RI w>ol . xD . xH u D > w>bsXcd . oh . vD > vH R
oXzktX.vDRoud;0J'D;qJ;pkyeD.0J'.Ayh.vd. Arhr>h wcD<Abs.D 'd.'H>rd.jc.h pH.ySRyXw>u%l>vXt (1947A'D;A1974)
vHmCH;CmAvXtb.w>&J.usJRrRtDR'fod;w> vDR*m'fzdo.zdtHRuG>xD.w>qlo;k rk>'d.(w;r 'H>rd.jch.pH.vd.xD.z;xD.wohb.
urRM>uD>y,DR w> obV t*D>M.vDRIA 1947A 'D>)ttd.ChxD.0J'.vXurRbH.bO.uGHmu M.[JcDzsdto;vXArh>vX*H>cD.xH;w>vd.b.
eH.w>ol.xD.xHuD>w>bsXoJp;cd.oh.wbh. vkm'l.wz.tw>vDRb.,d.M.vDRIA vXw>ol.xD.0J'.uD>pXzSd.vXuvkmtgzktd.
tHR w>uGJ;vDRtDRvXuD>y,DRw> obVt *D>M. xH u D > w>bsXcd . oh . cH b h . wbh . qd;Ckm0Jtw0XylRM.wvXwySJRtCdvDRIAyrh>
vDRIAw>ol.xD.xHuD>w>bsXcd.oh.tHRw>uG> (1974)b.w>bSDb.u'guhR'fod;w>urR*X> uG>w>*h>tHRuJxD.to;wy,l>CDvXuD>y,DR
u'gbSDb.tDRzJA1948AeH.<AvXw>uol.xD. rRusXRok;w>xD.[H;M>ql.w>pdw>urDRtqdu tw>wX.yD.uwdRoud;0J'.'H>rd.jch.pH.'D;w>
uD>y,DRuD>pXzSd.(yFH.xD.pl;)'H>rd.jch.pH.y'd.< wX>wbszD AJ 1962AeH.cDzso d ;k y'd.tHRysmd vJuGmH t ol.xD.xHu>D w>bsXcd.oh.t*h>tcgvDRIAy'd.
AvXttd.'.xJtrHRvXvHmtylR{dRM.vDRIA o;'fxHzduD>zdy'd.cDzsd'k;td.xD.0JuD>y,DRxH wz.xDbdorX0JvXuwJoud;0Juvkm'l.t
'fvJ.*hRAuD>y,DRvXtrRM>oDoDw> zduD>up>w>yXArqvA(Burmese Way of w>vDRqDvdmto;vXw>bsXcd.oh.tylRvXt
obV tHRw>e>yX>M>pXRtDRohvX w>*X>w>usXR Socialism )usJoEl(vXtrh>w>yXw>jy;vXrk> rh>w>*h>cd.oh.vXt'k;td.xD.w>*h>uDvXxH
wtd.'H;b.M.vDRIAwXwrHR<AxHuD>vXto; usdR0JRuGmb.w>zD.tDRvXy'd.)M.vDRIAcJtHRA vD>uD>ylRw>'k;w>,Rb.uJx.D wkRcJtRH M.vDRI

AvgthjzhRA30AoD< 2010 9 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA April 30, 2010


'h.ngvgvDRA3oD<Ark>zDz;AAAAAAAAA @ ubsH;yRA10AunDeH.A2749AAAAAAAAAA

yrh>b.wJ,d,dzdM.<Auvkm'l.t *Rwz.tusmd vXw>od.w>oDtylRM.vDRIAw> *h>vXu%l>u&X<AuvkmvXtb.xGJwz.t


w>o;wrHp;xD.zJw>rR[;*DRuGHm0J'.A1947A cJvXmvXy,DRy'd.vXtxD.yXw>*JRvdmrRzsg bX.pXRM.vDRIA
w>bsXcd.oh.tw>tX.vDRtDvDRM.vDRIAu xD.0JvXw>ol.xD.xHuD>w>bsXcd.oh.vXt w>Ch.vDRwJoud;w>*h>uD'ftHRw
vkmqH;wz.zD.vdmpkArhwrh>AtX.vDRoud;vX ylRuGmH cHb.h tylRM.'k;td.xD.0Jw>oHu>G M.vDRIA uvkmb.w>ymuyRuGmH tDRvXok;y'd.vXtyX
uzD.vdmpkvXAuD>pXzSd.(yFH.xD.pl;)tylRcDzsdrh> rh>xH%l>uD>oJ;cd.e>wz. rh>t*JRvdm w>cJtRH M.vDRIAw>vDRo;pJwrHRrh>0JyRS vXtuG;J
vXttd.'D;w>'g0J'.*H>cD.xH;w>bsXvXuD>pX 0Je>D eD>vXw>ol.xD.uD>pXzS.d ph>uD;{gIArhr>h Aw> ymvDRw>ol.xD.xHuD>w>bsXcd.oh.wz.vDR
zS.d tu&X(uD>pJ.)zdcv J XmuzD.Cm*X>usXR0J'. oHuG>vX rh>uD>y,DR-uX;rh>uD>pXzSd.w -uX;rh> wd>0J'.vXw'k;y.Ckm0J'.ySRvXtb.w>yXtDR
AuD>pXzS.d tusoJ El';D rkmvRo;zH0S v
J XvXySRJ ySRJ vX uD>pXzSd.rh>*hR<AuD>pXzSd.t'dvXt*hRvXuD>y,DR wz.<AvXw>uGJ;ymvDR0J'.'D;w>qXwJmoud;
uD>pXzSd.tylRM.vDRIAw>uwdR?uD>pXzSd./Aw t*D>rh>zJvJ.wcgvJ.M.wrh>w>oHuG>vXtzd; w>ol.xD.xHu>D w>bsXcd.oh.tw>&J.w>usRJ
td.zsgvXw>bsXcd.oh.tylReDwbsDb.<Ab. rH'D;w>td.o;b.IAw>*JRvdmol.xD.wh>uD>pX 'DwcgtylRM.vDRIA
q.xHuD>w>bsXcd.oh.cHbh.vXm(1947A 'D;A zSd.vXtylRuGHmvXtwuJxD.vd.xD.M.'d;o w>vXtxD'gvdmo;wcDrh>0J<A2010
1974)tylRymzsgxD.uD>pXzS.d vXy,DRw>uwdR MRxD.to;vXxH%l>uD>oJ;cd.e>wz.tw>*JR AeH.w>CkxXtrl;vXu[JtHRymzsgxD.0Jw>u
?yF.H xD.pl;/wy,l>CDM.vDRIA vdmol.xD.0JM.vDRIAvXw>ol.xD.xHuD>w> rR*X>rRusXR0J'.w>*h>cHrRH M.vDRIAwXwrHRrh>0Ju>D
ySRweDRpH;0JvXA1947Aw>ol.xD.xH bsXcd.oh.tylRw>wl>vdm'D;[h.vD>[h.us0J 'J . y,DRok;y'd.tw>'d.pd'D;cHrHRwrHRrh>0Ju'k;qJ;
uD>w>bsXcd.oh.'k;td.xD.0Ju>D pXzS.d tw>ol. uvkm'l.vXtvDRqDvdmo;wz.utd.Ckm uJxD.0Jxv H >D uD>ylRw>'k;w>,RM.vDRIA
xD.qDvDRo;tuh>t*DRcDzsd';k td.xD.0Juvkm oud;0Jrh>vDRwlmvDRum0JM.wrh>w>vXtvJR 2008AeH.w>ol.xD.xHu>D w>bsXcd.
bsD.'d.cHzsX.'D;w>uGJ;ymvDR0J'.uvkm'l.qH; EkmvDRqlu>D pXzS.d tuh>t*DRylRb.IA oh.ymzsgxD.0JuD>y,DRrh>uD>vXttd.'D;u
tw>cGJ;w>,mtCdM.vDRIAuvkm'l.vGH>zkA vkm'l.tgzkM.vDRIAw>ol.xD.xHu>D w>bsXcd.
unD<Au&eH.<A,dR'd.<A'D;AucFh>t[D.u0DR 2008Aw>ol.xD.xHu>D w>bsXcd.oh. oh.[h.0J'.w>eDRvDRw>pdw>urDRvXuD>y'd.
b.w>oh.ngymyeD.tDR'D;[D.u0DRwbh. nDE>k w>rk>v>td.0J'.vXw>ol.xD. t0JRusdRwz.tbX.pXR<Ay'd.'D;ok;w>pdw>u
pkmpkm w> uGJ;ymvDR0JvXt rh>uD>pJ.vDRqD vX xHu>D w>bsXcd.oh.uymzsgxD.'D;wJoud;0Jw> rDRb.q.[h.0J'.w>eDRvDRw>pdurDRtusdRt
w>ol.xD.xHu>D w>bsXcd.oh.tylRb.q.t *h>uDwz.'ftrh>w>qDwvJql'H>rd.jch.pH.<A'D; ustJ .d '.qH;udmrhwrh>wtd.b.'.vJmM.vDRI
w>cGJ;w>,m'D;tw>pdw>urDRwcDwxJod;wkR w>oh.ngymyeD.0J'.uD>y,DRuvkm'l.wz. AySRpJ.eD>vXw>ol.xD.xHuD>w>bsXcd.oh.w>
od;b.IAt'd=zJ,dR'D;u&eH.uD>pJ.wcDw>bsX 'D;w>pl;ugusdmtgusdmcDzsd*H>cD.xH;w>rRusJvX od.w>oDAuG>xHorHord;0JvXxHuD>y'd.cHy
cd.oh.uGJ;ymvDR0J'.vXw>[h.tDRw>cGJ;w> ySR(uvkm)vXtb.xGw J z.uxH.vdmuwdRo wD>wywD>vXuD>pJ.tylR'D;vD>u0DRtylRtd.'D;
,mvXuxk;z;to;<Ab.q.uD>pJ.t*RcH ud;w>vXw>ol.xD.uvkmw>b.vdmClzd;t w>pdw>urDRvXtpl;ug0JohqH;udmzd'D;eD>up>
bh.wcDw>w[h.tDRtcGJ;b.IAtgM>ttHRw> *D>M.vDRIAnDE>k w>e>yX>0JxHvD>uD>ylRw>obH. w>yXw>jy;vDRo;wtd.b.'.vJmcDzsb d .td.
bsXcd.oh.tylRw>uGJ;ymvDR0Jw>xk;z;o;cGJ; obk.vXtrh>pku0JRw>obH.obk.rh>*hRw vX?yF.H xD.pl;/tbs.D 'd.(w>'k;td.xD.w>od.
,mM.w>urRzsgxD.tDRt*D>wcDtcDynDw rh>pku0JRw>obH.obk.rh>*hRAw>*h>uDcd.oh. w>oD)tzDvmvDRqD'. w>vXw>yXw> jy; tzD
td.eDwrHRb.I vXt[Jt.d xD.rh>0J= vmM.vDRIAxDbdw>rh>pl;ugw>uwdR?yFH.xD.
1974AeH.w>bsXcd.oh.w>qJ;pl;ug 1IAw>ol.xD.qDvRD xHu>D pl;/rhwrh>uD>pXzSd.b.q.A2008Aw>ol.xD.
0J'.w>uwdRuD>y,DR'f?yFH.xD.pl;/Arhwrh>A 2IAw>yXb.MqX.w>xl;w>wDRA'D; xHu>D w>bsXcd.oh.tHRwrh>0J'.w>ol.xD.uD>
uD>pXzSd.M.vDRIAySRyJmxHeDRz;w>weDRpH;0JvX 3IAw>*h>vXtrh>ySRw'l.(wuvkm)teD>up> pXzSd.b.IAw>pl;ugA?yFH.xD.pl;/w>pH;xJ'.
w>bsXcd.oh.tHR[h.0J'.uD>pXzSd.tusdRtusJ w>yXvDRo;cG;J ,mArhwrh>Aw>*h>oXrHRvdmtw> vXw>uwdRw>tylR'D;rhrh>w>ol.xD.xHuD>
M.vDRIA t'd=uD> y,DRw>yXw>jy;b.w>eDR z; y.Ckm0JM.vDRIA w>bsXcd.oh.tw>[h.cGJ;[h.,meD>eD>tw>
vDR0J'.uD>pJ.A7Abh.'D;uD>cDA7Abh.'D;tw>pd w>*h>oh.wz.tHRrh>w>*h>nDE>k vXt vDRqDvmd to;wcDt.d 0J'.vXA2008Aw>ol.
urDR'D;w>yXvDRo;pdurDRwcDtd.'.qH;udmzd &h'd.0J<A'D;tvD>td.vX w>uCh.vDRusJRb. xD.xHu>D w>bsXcd.oh.'Dwbh.tylRM.vDRIA
M.vDRIAw>bsXcd.oh.wbh.CDtRH [h.Cm0J'. vdmtDRvXw>ol.xD.xHuD>w>bsXcd.oh.tylR w>vXurRwHmwmxHzduD>zdcJvXm<A
bs.D 'd.cHzsX.b.q.w>pdw>urDRcJvXmzD.Cm 'D;xHuD>w>bsXcd.oh.tw>od.w>oDwz.vX uvkmrwRwpH;<At'd.uwX>rh>0JA2008Aw>
0JvXvD>cX.o;tgxD.'D;zD.CH;0JuD>y,DRusXR tyXtjy;0J'.uD>wbh.M.vDRIAtCd'ftnDEk> ol.xD.xHuD>w>bsXcd.oh.tw>uGJ;zsgxD.xH
usXRM.vDRIA tod;w>rk>v>td.vXw>bsXcd.oh.toDwbh. zduD>zdcGJ;,mM.vDRIAw>uGJ;ymvDRM>0JxHzd uD>
rqvA'ftrh>xH%l>uD>oJ;u&XvXt tHRu'k;td.xD.0JxHvD>uD>ylRw>obH.obk. zdtw>cGJ;w>,mwz.tHRtd.'D;w>ymyeD.}wD
zd;oJp;xJwzk{Rd vXuD>y,DRylRM.vDRIAw>bsXcd. (nDE>k pku0JRw>'k;w>,R)uuwX>uGHmM.vDRIA wHmvXt0Joh.tzDcd.vXttd.'D;w>*h>uDtg
oh.wbh.CDtHRqJ;ymyeD.0J'.y,DRusdR'ftrh> xHuD>w>bsX cd.oh. vXu'k;td.xD.w>tpX'f r;M.vDRIAuD>y,DRrhr>h xHu>D vXtqJ;pkyeD.vX
usdmvXtzd;oJp;xJwcg{dR<A'D;}wD0J'.w>od. tHRwuvkmtvD>td.vXub.y.Ckm0J'.w> bDrk>xHuD>w>od.w>oDtgrHRtusg'ftrh>uGD>
vd<Aw>xk;xD.&RvDR<Aw>pJusH;0Juvkm'l.t wX.yD.wJoud;vXt*h><Aw>*h>vdmoud;vXt rh.oJp;vXt}wDw>rRpSD>uvkm(Convention on

AvgthjzhRA30AoD< 2010 10 AAAAAAAA April 30, 2010


ubsH;yRA11AunDeH.A2749AAAAAAAAAAAA @ AAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAA'h.ngvgvDRA3oD<Ark>zDz;A

the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of ySRulyRS unDM.vDRIA pXzSd.u&X'D;uD>trJ&uRAu*JRvdm'k;td.xD.0J


Genocide)w>od.w>oDw>tX.vDRtDvDRvXw>
y0JySRuD>y,DRzdvXttd.vXxHcsXuD> w>wdmul.usJRtoDvXuD>y,DRtzDcd.M.vDRIA
urR[gr>uGHmw>uG>wvDRydmrk.(Convention csXwz.uG>pl.0J'.w>rRo;cJtHRvXttd.'D; t0Joh.tw> usJR b.vdm[H;*h>0DvX uD>y,DR
on the Elimination of All forms of
Discrimination Against Women CEDAW) ,
w>o;'h'DM.vDRIAyw>vJRcDzsdpH;b.ySRvXxDbd ok;y'd.M.rh>'.w>pl;ug0Jtw>u.l w&H;tusJ
'D;w>od.w>oDw>tX.vDRtDvRD b.xGzJ o d .cG;J M.ok;pl;ug0J'.w>CkxX'D;w>uGJ;ymvDRw> vD>vHRvXyw,mqdympXRtpXoh0MJ .vDRIArhw
,m(Convention on the Rights of the Child ol.xD.xHuD>w>bsXc d. oh.'fysJ>pD>wcgvX u rh>vXt0Joh.CkusJtoDb.M.xHuD>tHRu*kR
CRC )b.q.rhwrh>b.vXok;y'd.tw>o; uXRzSd.0J'.ok;w>yXw>jy;toDczs D dw>'k;td.zsg u'guhRqltvD>cHqlw>pH.pdRwJpdRtw>obH.
unDRb.M.xHzu d >D zdwz.rkmvRo;zSb
H .t*H> xD.0J'.w>qDwvJtyeD.M.vDRIA vXuvkm obk.'D;xHvD>uD>ylRw>'k;w>,RM.vDRIA
cD.xH;cG;J ,mwohb.IA 'l.wz.t*D>yyvX>b.vXw>uuJx.D o;tHR
u'k;td.xD.0J xH%l>uD>oJ;tw>*h>uD z;'d.ql eD>rh.tlArh>AoJp;w>bsXo&.'d.pd(doctoral )
ngM.vDRIA yxHyuD>tw>pH.pdRwJpdR vXtylR uFzd v
d XtrRvdw>zJt.h 'H>,Je.z.F pdrRd ArD&XoJp;
w>CkxXtrl;vXtu[J
uGmH wz.tw>uvR(twJ_yJ>)rRysRH rRzk;ySRvDRIA w>bsXuFd( Indiana University Maurer School
zJw>e>yX>A1947A'D;A1974Aw>ol.
w>xD.[H;M>ql.xHuD>w>pdw>urDRA20AeH.0HR of Law)'D;uGJ;0J'.tzF.pdrdRvHmvXtb.xGJ'D;
xD.xHu>D w>bsXcd.oh.tw>*H>p>tw>vDRwlm
tvD>cH<AuD>y,DRok;y'd.urRu'D;0JtoDwbsD w>whvDRymvDR0Jw>ol.xD.xHuD>w>bsXcd.
vDRum0HR<Aw>'k;td.xD.w>oHuG>vXA2008A
vXu'k;td.xD.0Jw>qDwvJczD sd A2008Aw>ol. oh.'D;uD>pXzSd.vXxHuD>vXtvJRcDzsdw>obH.
eH.w>ol.xD.xHuD>w>bsXcd.oh.M.vDRIAw>
xD.xHuD>w>bsX cd.oh.M.vDRIA w>bd;b. &R obk.0HRwz.M.vDRI
uGJ;ymvDRw>ol.xD.xHuD>w>bsXcd.oh.tHRrh>
vDRymzsg0J'l'lvXcJtHRy'd.uqDwvJto;qlxH
vXurRzd;oJp;w>CkxXt*D>'D;w>uymwh>
zdu>D zdy'd.cDzsAd 2010Aw>CkxXtrl;M.vDRIAw> 'd;oMR=
uGHmuvkm'l.wz.tw>ChxD.M.{gIArhwrh>A 1. The National Bureau of Asian Research,
urRto;eD>eD>wcDyuxH.M>w>qDwvJwrHR
uD>y,DRuqJ;'k;td.xD.w>rRur.w>'fvXt Analysis, Vol. 9, No. 3, Mary P. Callahan,
rHRph>{gIArhwrh>wcDyxH.b.u'D;toDwbsv D X Democracy in Burma, 1998.
ylRuGHmtod;{gIAuD>y,DRok;y'd.qJ;vJRqlng
trh>w>qDwvJumHG vD>vR<Arl'g'D;tw>yXM.{gI 2. Chapter X of the 1947 constitution guaranteed
vXttd.'D;tw>&J.w>usJRvXuqJ;'k;td. to the Shan and Karenni states the right to secede
uD>y,DRtHRcJtHRtd.vXusJz;'hM. from the Union no earlier than ten years after
xD.tok;tw>yXw>jy;M.vDRIA'fxHuD>w>bsX
vDRIAxHuD>tHRvJRxD.vJRxDqlngoh<Arhwrh>A independence. In order to invoke this clause,
cd.oh.vXtb.w>ym*X>ymusXRtDRvXuD>'Db.h the state had to pass a secession resolution by
*kRuhqltvD>cHAqlo;k y'd.tw>ol.xD.w>yX two thirds of the members of the State Council,
tod;<Aok;y'd.urR0Jw>CkxXM.vDRIA
w>jy;'D;w>rRxD'gySRcGJ;,mohM.vDRIAuD>trJ& after which the Union President would order a
w>ym*X>ymusXRw>ol.xD.xHuD>w> plebiscite to be held to poll the people of the
uR'D;bDrk>pXzSd.tw>cDqX0J'.w>CkxXvXu
bsXcd.oh.'k;eJ.zsgxD.wh>0Jw>yeD.wcgvXt state.
[JtHR'D;ok;y'd.'fvJ.vXuuJxD.w>b.'db. 3. Yash Gai, the 2008 Myanmar Constitution:
vDRb.,d.M.vDRIAw>[H;M>xHzduD>zdw>b. Analysis and Assessment, 2008. http://
xH;w>CkxXtrl;'D;uD>y,DRxHuD>w>bsXcd.
o;<Aw>rRtDRxJ'.xHzduD>zdvXt[h.w>z;w w w w. b u r m a l i b r a r y. o r g / d o c s 6 /
oh.'fvJ.M.uuJxD.w>t'dtwJmvX[D.cd. 2008_Myanmar_constitution--
z.t*D>usJxJwbd{dRvXuqD.xGJxHuD>w>bsX
trJmngM.vDRIAtcJtHRrh>w>qXuwD>vXbDr>k analysis_and_assessment-Yash_Ghai.pdf
cd.oh.M.vDRIAw>wqD.xGJ0J'.usJt*RvXw>
uqSXEkmymzsgxD.w>bSDb.rR*hRxD.xHuD>w> xHvD>uD>ylR
bsXcd.oh.b.I
xHr>k xHuD>vXw>Cl w>zd;tylRyJRt X cFh';k td.xD.t'Duvkmu&XvXuEkm
yJRoD0'J .w>[H;M>xHzu d >D zdw>b.o;vXw>ym
*X>ymusXRw>ol.xD.xHuD>w>bsXcd.oh.'D;Ch
xD.0J'.w>urR0Jw>CkxXtrl;vXttd.'D;
vDRw>CkxX zsg0JM.vDRI
cFhxH%l>uD>oJ;cd.e>vX0h>wul.'D;cFh
w>obV'D;w>wDw>vdRM.vDRIA uvkmcX.p;vXttd.vXcFhuD>pJ.ylRwz.wX.
w>CkxXtrl;tw>od.w>oDvX ok; uGRJ uvk>A•AvgcsbX
H yD.'D;tX.vDRwl>vdmoud;0J'.vXu'k;td.xD.
y'd.xk;xD.&RvDR0J';k zk;oHys>D *DRySRtg*R<AcDzsok
d ; thjzRh A12<A2010 u&XtHRM.vDRIA
y'd.qJ;orX0J'. uD>y,DRxHzduD>zd'D; [D.cd. 'D zJtylRuGHmvgrR%S;A29oDAcFhxH%l>uD>
bh.tw>o;vDtw>b.,d.wz.M.vDRIAw> cFh'Duvkmu&X(Chin National Party oJ;cd.e>vJRqlM>yFH.'D>'D;rReD.rRCg0J'.tu&X
CkxXtrl;tw>bsX b.w>xk;xD. &R vDR wu CNP )vXtb.w>'k;td.xD.tDRvXcFhxH%l>uD> tHRM.vDRIA
wD>CDC.C.zJAbDr>k pXzSd.u&XtcX.p;vDRqD oJ;cd.e>wz.rReD.rRCgto;vXAetzAw> uwD>tHRxH%l>uD>oJ;u&XA13AzkywH
(Tomas Ojea Quintana)ChxD.0Jw>u'k;td. CkxXcD.rh%SX.zJvgthjzhRA7AoDteHRvXuEkmvDR xD.vXurReD.rRCgto;vXuEkmvDRA2010
xD.0'.cD
J .rh%XS .(cX.p;)wzkvXuvJRCdx0H 'J . 0J'.A2010Aw>CkxXt*D>t*h>cFhw>upD.oM Aw>CkxXM.vDRIAtusgA11AzkM>b.w>ysJvX
ok;y'd.tw>rRxD'g'k;,RuGD>rh.'D;uDG>rh.xD'g Acd.Elod.w>upD.(Khonumthung News)ym uEkmvDRw>CkxXvHM.vDRIA

AvgthjzhRA30AoD< 2010 11 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA April 30, 2010


'h.ngvgvDRA3oD<Ark>zDz;AAAAAAAAA @ ubsH;yRA12AunDeH.A2749AAAAAAAAAA

&DbX.usD;w>wdmusJR'D;ySRb.uDb.cJw>bs;pJ
uGJRuvk>A•AvgcsbXH
thjzRh A12<A2010

zgwH>zd0g'D;trg<Atzd
rk.'D;t[H.zdCDzd<AtzdcGg'D;t
[H.zC d zD t
d [D.cd.uyHmvXuvk>
tD.to;orlwtd.vXRb.tCd
b.[;xD.uGHmvXto0D 'D;[JEmk
vDRqluD>uFD.wJ.vD>td.u'k'Ju
0DR'fo;d utd.rl0t J *D>vDRIA

w>*DR=uGJRuvk>
b.q.w>[;xD . ql
wcDxHwcDuD>tHR wrh>usJr>k vXt
bVtqSDb.<A'D; wrh>'f w>rHrD>t
o 0D zd vX t td. vX uyFD.[D. u0DRvX t[J EkmvDR ql xgr[h> vD> td.u'k'Ju0DRylR wz.
od;b.I
w>vJRusJvXcHs'D;[;vX yeH.[H;M>uGmH t[D.cd.zJtylRuGmH weDRvXt[H.zdCDzdtD.t*D>M. wJ.< Ath.'d.eH%Sg<AuvHRxH; cd&H
cD.wEGH0HRtvD>cH<A zgwH>0gzd'D;t A 3AeH.M.vDRIAul. yeH.vXt [H; vDRIA uyFD.o0Dzdtgwuh>vk>tD. ,gA'D;Ath',.M.vDRIArd.uD>pJ.
[H.zdCDzd'H.qH;zdqH;Ckm'D;o0Dzd M>ql.t[D.cd.rh>0JAuFD;phA'D;ul. to;orlvXw>ol.w>zs;'D;w>rR rk>xD.uvHRxH; u0DRrh>w>v D>vX
t*RA40bs.J vXt[Jx.D vXuyF.D yeH.tup>rh>0J'.Arhxt d *h>h zgwH> ck;rRoH.wz.M.vDRI w>ol.'D;xk;xD.&DbX.ttgu
o0DvXttd. vX uD>&h.bsH;'0J> <A zd0gpH;0JM.vDRIAA ul . yeH . 'D ; y,D R ok ; w wX>M.vDRIAw>ol.'D;xk;xD.&D
vX>rk>vguD>q.tylRwz.b. 'fursX>t*Rwz.vXt z.vXtylRuGHmpSReH.tHR[H;M>uGHm bX. w>vD> t*Rrh>0JweDo&H.uD>
w>zD.tDRvXuFD.wJ.uD>qXok;zJ [D.cd.b.w>[H;M>ql.tDRvXul. o0Dzdwz.t[D.cd. vDRqD'.w> cD<Au cFh><AunDA 'D;A,dR'd.uD>pJ.
xDr;zFd(uD>y,DR=uDF.wJ.uD> qX) yeH.'D;y,DRok;wz.tod;<At0J vXt td.vXodvh.usJ rk>cd.tu M.vDRIAcDzsdw>ol.&DbX.xl.tg
zJvgrR%S;A15AoDM.vDRIAuFD.wJ. o h.tgwuh>b.vk>tD. u'g uhR yRwz.'D;ol.vDR0J'.&DbX.xl.w xD.tCdw>[H;M>ql.ursX>[D.
uD>qXok;wysJEkmvDRtDRb.IAt0J to;orlvXrk>eHRw>rRM.vDRIA z. M.vDRIAursX>wz. t[D.cd. cd.uyHmtd.xD.0J'D;vDRqD'.w>
oh.b.w>qSXu'guhRqluD>y,DR b.vJRyJmysDM>0J&DbX.usD;'D;rRvX u yHmb.vDRr>'D; uJxD.w>*h>uD vXweDo&H.uD>cDtylRw>Ckoh.
tylRM.vDRI *DRtD.vX[g<ArRvX[gtD.vX*DR vXuvk>tD.vk>tDto;orlt*D> ng'D;xH.M>0J'.vXAul.yeH.vX
vXusJclol.tylR unDzd M.vDRIA M.vDRIAetzAok;'D;ul.yeH.oxh tol.&DbX.xl.rRoud;w>'D;y
vXttd.zJuD>qXtHRtw>rRpXR w>[H;M>ql.0HRtvD>cH wz.[H;M>ql.ySRo0DzdzJuyF.D [D. ,DRok;y'd.wz.[H;M>ql.0J'.u
vJRud;clol.u'guhRt0Joh.tCd o0Dzdwz.uvJRzJ;tD.vX[D.cd. u 0DR t ylR t[D. cd. 'D; ol. &D bX. rsX>t[D.cd.uyHmvXw>wwDw
vXcHzgwH>zd0g'D;t[H.zdCDzwz. d vXul.yeH.[H;M>ql.tuyRw>w usD;p;xD.zJuyFD.wkRvDRvXyoGH. vdRtust J .d xD.0J'.tgr;M.vDRI
vJRwkRqlxgr[h>vD.td.u'k'Ju [h.tDRw>ysJb.tCdw>vD>t*R M.vDR w>uJxD.o;wcgwcsK;
0DRtd.'D;w>wdmymvXu[Jtd.u vXt0Jo.h uzH;tD.rRtD.pSRr;vDRIA uD>y,DRok;y'd.wdmym0J zgwH>zd0g'D;uyFD.o0Dzdwz.tHR[J
'k';d oMRxD.to;M.vDRIA zgwH>zd0gu[JwRk qlvD> vXuol.tgxD.&DbX.A67<600A Ch>xD.'H;b.M.rh.tltD.ul.y
AAAAAAAzgwH>zd0gpH;0J<?etzAok; td.u'kt*D>vXusb.[h J .csHveDJ > thuX>vXrd.uD>pJ.rk>xD.uvHR eH.&DbX.usD;'D;AetzAok;rsDmok;
'D;cDyeH.oxhwz.[H;M>ql.yw> w*RA70<000AuF;'D;rhr>h [H.zdCzdD xH; w uyRM.vDRIArh> ok;y'd.A5A &h.eD.*H>A401Awz.ymur.0Jo0D
pkvD>cD.cd.'D;,eD>up>'.,J[D. w'l. (6)*R M.ub.[h. 0J ph ,dR eH. w> wdmusJRvXu ol.tgxD.0J zdwz.vXt'G.J tlx.D w>M.vDRIA
cd.M.y.cHvD>td.0JtthuX>A10A A3<000Ab;M.vDRIA '.&DbX.M.vDRIAetzAok;y'd. etzAok;wz.ymur.
tCdyrRtD.w>wohvXRb.IAy0J zgwH>zd0gt[D.cd.rh>w> ol.wh>0J'.&DbX.xl.A171<300 ySRo0DzdzJbD.roH.o0D'D;uhRzD.0J
ySRo0Dzdwz.yb.[JCh>td.o'X M>ogvXtrd>ty>[h.tDRvX ol. thuX>M.vDRIAuD>y,DRxk;xD.qg o0DzdcH*Rqlbs;H 0h>CdmylRM.vDRIAo
yo;vXtHRvDRI/ tD.wd>&h>'D;wcd;wz.vDRIAw> &DbX. ttgu wX>qlw%l;<Ar vh 0DzdcH*RtHR[;uG>ye>'D;vJRb.0Jql
zgwH>zd0gy,DRok;'D;ul. ol.w>o.wz.weDRqg tD.0J'D; %Sg<Aphuzd<AbH.,J;e.<AuD>uFD. w>vD>vXrh.tltD.w>tuyRt

AvgthjzhRA30AoD< 2010 12 AAAAAAAA April 30, 2010


ubsH;yRA13AunDeH.A2749AAAAAAAAAAAA @ AAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAA'h.ngvgvDRA3oD<Ark>zDz;A

Cdy,DRok;zD.M>0JvDRIAy,DRok;uhR Avgr;u&X vXtrRpXR w> [h. tDR xD.uhR0JqxH l .bH.bH.pH.ttd. o&.cFh;tlpH;0JvXySRb.


zD.0Jql&DbX.usD;0HRxd0JwD>0J0HRrR w>tD. M.vDRIA 'fvJ. *hR vX cHA 'D; xH. bH. bH.pH.rh>wl> vdm[h. uDb.cJvXt[JEmk vDRtoDwz.
vdmyXRuD>'D; qSXvDR0JqlbsH;0h>Cdm 2010AeH.xH.bH.bH.pH.qDwvJ vDR0Jw>tD. M.vDRIAwcsK; vX ySR w>*h>uD yX> xD. 0JvX w>vD> w>usJ
ylRM.vDRIA'lo0Dcd.e>wz.vlRuhR tw>ymo;tzDcd.w>'k;td.xD.0J b.uDb.cJ toDwz.M>b. w> wtd.<Aw>vD>uwHm'D;w>urR
ySR cH *R tHR vXm ph y ,DR w u vD> vH urHwHmwzkvXtud;0JAySR[JwRk t tD.vXxH.bH.bH.pH.M.'Ju0DR*h> vJ>xD.'Ju0DRph>uD;w>w[h.t
b.q.ySRwys>uhRySRo0DzdcH*RtHR o D urHwHm vX ty. Ckm 'J u0DR cd. *D> tl w>rRpXR urHwHm b.&J.usJR cGJ;b.IAySRb.uDb.cJvXt[JwkR
'H;b.t*h>zgwH>zd0gpH;0JM.vDRIA e> weDR 'D; xH.bH.bH.pH.ySR b.rl qdM> t0J oh. 'D; t0Joh.wM>b. tgwuh>[;td.vXtbl;twH>t
uyF.D o0Dzzd gwH>wJbX.< b.'gM.vDRIAurHwmH tHRorHord; w>tD.'fw>ymyeD.ySRw*RA15AuH [H.'D;weDR[;td.vX[H.vXt
A36AeH.<AvXt[JwRk wylRCD'D;zg 0HR vXcH w,Hm M>cHvg b.'D; ymzsg vdySRJ ySRJ b.M.vDRIA vDR[dM.vDRIA
wH>zd0gph>uD;pH;0JvX,[Jtd.zJtHR
,w>wdmtd.vX,uuhR'H;IA,
uuhRud;u'guhR,bl;,wH>w
z.vDRIAzgwH>wJbX.t[D.cd.b.
w>[H;M>ql.cHvD>ph>uD;vDRIA
etzAuFD.wJ.AxH.vdmvXurRvJ>xD.
w>vk>tD.o;orluDcJ'f
tHRtzDc.d ursX>vXt[JC>h xD.ql
xgr[h>vD>td.u'kwz.tHRpH;0J
bsH;'0J>w>rRuR 0HR zJA 2013A eH. M. vDRIA usJ tH R w>
wdmvXuvDRvXphA350AuuGJ>b;
vXt0Joh.xH.vXrh>[Jtd.vX'J t*h>bJc;D zd;w>y&XuG;J zsg0JM.vDRIA
uGRJ uvk>A•Avgcsv
H RD A7oD etzAtul.vJrRuRud
u0DRylRw>uuG>xGt J 0Jo.h M.vDRIA uF.D wJ.ySRrRrk>usRd 0JRuGm
thjzRh A5<A2010 wdm cd.cH tw> [JuG> usJ tHR rh> zJ
'f v J . *h R w>td . o;wH > 'D;uFD.wJ.ul.yeH.tH.wvH.xJrf
AuFD. wJ. 'D; uD> y,DRul. vJ rRuR
eD>wcDwrh>'fursX>vXtCh>ylRzsJ; td.'D;w>wdmusJRvXubSDxD.0J'.
e t z A ul. vJ rR uR ud udwdmtw>xH.vdmwX.yD.oud;
o;wz.tHRrk>v>0Jtod;b.IAxg xH,dmubDoMzJ0h>'0J>Aebl;vJ.<
wdmcd.usX>cH'D;u.cFegbl.&H.ul. w>ul. vJrRuRw>td.zSd. A4AoD
r[h>vD>td.u'k 'J u0DR p;xD. vg ApJ;zDu[.w>rRvD><Au.cFegbl.
vJrRuRw>u&XySRul.vJrRuRw> vXt0HR 0J zJvg rR%S; A5AoD AzJ 0h> 0SR
thjzhRA2009AwkRA2010AvgthjzhR &H.'0J>usrJ >k <Avh.rh.tlus<J Aw>ym
wz. zJJ vgrR %S; A3AoD teHR vJR uG> [h>M.vDRI
tylRySRtoD[JEkmvDR0J'.A588A*R vDR*mo0HyDRusdR<ACkm'D;ubSDxD.
0J'.u.cFegbl.&H.='0J>AusJrk>zJ uFD.wJ. jy. uFd;cH.&HR cR
M. vDRIA ySR vX uD>y,DRtylRwz. xHwrX.zJweo&H D .uszJd u0X;x.
uD>uFD.wJ.=uD>y,DRuD>qXArJ>o uD>&h.ul.vJrRuRw>u&XtySRyXR
cDzsdvXw>td.o;wb.vD>b.p; vXuqSX0J'.vDrh.tlto[D.ql
rHcHM.vDRIA vD>qh.eDRcHAcF;d AcF;d wHR,RuDApH;b.
tCd[JEkmvDRxDbdt*h>o&.cFh; Aebl;vJ.ApJ;zDu[.w>rRvD>M.
e t z Aul.vJrRuR ud bJ cD; zd; w> y&X vX w> td;xD. ApH.
tl vX trh>xgr[h> vD> td. u'k'J vDRIA
wdmcd.usX>cHAtD.tD.xdA'D;uF.D wJ. cDR=bsH;AusrkJ >vXuuJxD.usrkJ >u
u0DRcd.cHApH;0JM.vDRIAxgr[h>ySR xHwrX.tHRrh>uJxD.M.
ul.vJrRuRudwdmcd.usX>cHAt wD>,Hmt*D>u[JpdmM>rk>usdR0JRuGm
vD>td.u'kwbsK;uxd[;xD.ql xHuvk>bXw>wkRqlweDo&H.usd
vD.cDRAzlRvRbl;Atw>vJRuG>orH w>b.bsK;'d.xD.vXxHuD>cHbh.
uD>csXb.q.ySRtoD[EkJ mvDR0JxD tx;cDuGH0DR0>o0D'hvDM.vDRIAu
ord;w>bSDxD.uJsr>k tHRrh>0J'.uD> tbX.pXRM.vDRIAt0JpH;0JvXApH.cDR
bd'D;uwD>tHRySRteD.*H>vXw>ym wD>tHRAtH.wvH.xJrul f .yeH.vJR
y,DR'D; uD>uFD. wJ.tw> wdmusJR =bsH;AuJsrk>urRpSRvDR0J0HpdmwDqSX
zsgtDRvX u&X vX trR pXR w> xH. Ekm vDR ql uD>&h. bsH;'0J> tylR 'D; bSD
vXurRvJ>xD.xHuD>cHbh.tHRt w>vXmbl.vXmphRAvXw>[JuhRpdm
bH.bH.pH.td.0JA4547A*RM.vDRI xD.0J usJ rk> p;xD. rJ>o rH> cH yX> wkR
w>ul.vJ rRuR oud; tusJr>k vX Ekmol.zs;'D;yD.vJ.w>[; xD. cDzsd
A o&.cFh;tlpH;0J vX ySRt vXtrdRo0D'hvDvHM.vDRIAch.tJ.
uvHRxH;weDo&H.uD>cDwuyRM. vX&eDtusw J uyRM.vDRIAySRweDR
oD vXt[JEmk vDR wz. uFD.wJ. y ,l.=unD'DuvkmpXzSd.u&X[h.
vDRIA wcD w> b. ,d. td.xD. ph> uD; vX
'd. wym yeD.t0Joh.'fySR b.uD 0J'.w>ysJvXul.yeH.tHRuvJRCk
0HRtvD>cHudwdmcd.usX> pH. cDR =bsH; tusJ urR pSR vDR 0J w>
b.cJzd;oJp;tod;b.'D;tusJo oh.ng rRuG> w> vX w> ubSDxD.
cHAcH*RtHRvJRuG>orHord;ph>uD;usJ ul.vJrRuRvX&eD=uD;oDwuyR
ElzDvpH.wtd.vX uwl>vdm0J ph> usJt*D>b.q.rhrh>w>uysJul.y
rk>vXuvHRxH;vmcDwuyRvXjy. t*h>bJc;D zd;w>y&XuG;J zsg0M.J vDRIA
uD;b.<Ab.q.uF.D wJ.vD>u0DR eH.tHR bSDxD. usJ rk> wcD w>w[h.
uFd;cH.&HRcRuD>&h.ApH.cDRuD>qX}wJR u. cF eg bl.&H.='0J>usJ
uD>q.cd.e>'D;ySRb.uD b.cJ t tDRtcG;J b.<Ab.q.ul.yeH.tHR
vXttd.'D;w>wdmvXubSDrR*hR vXttd.0JA130AuHvdrHxX.rh>usJ
w>&h vdm w> e>yX>tzDcd.w> wl> Ekmv DR rR w> 'f t w>b.o; tod;
xD.uJsr>k tHRvXu'k;pJbl;0J'.uD> rk>vX uqJ;usd;0J'. '0J> xH ,dm u
vdmtDRM.vDRIA vXttd.'D;AetzAok;tw>u[k
uFD.wJ.jy.uFd;cH.&HRcR'D;uD>y,DR bD oM M. vDRIA uFD.wJ.'D;Aetz
tylRuGHmySRtoDvXt[J u,mM>tw>bH.w>bXM.vDRI
Abs;H 0h>M.vDRIA td.'D;w>wdmvXubSDxD.0JwkRt
EkmvDRwz.w>orHord;xHtRD 0HRA3

AvgthjzhRA30AoD< 2010 13 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA April 30, 2010


'h.ngvgvDRA3oD<Ark>zDz;AAAAAAAAA @ ubsH;yRA14AunDeH.A2749AAAAAAAAAA

uvHRrk>vDRzJ'>d ,g'Ju
0DRrR[;*DR[H.A50bs.J
uGRJ uvk>A•Avgcsv
H RD A1oD
vgrR%S;A30<A2010

tylRuGmH r[guXm(vgrR%S;A29)oDteHRub.zJr>k
Ch>vDRcHe.&H.tqXuwD>cDzsdvXuvHRrk>vDRtCd[H.cd.
(57)zsX.vDRyS>D um0J
HG zJbg‘d>,g‘u J 0DRyRl vXttd.zJuD>y,DR=
uD>uF.D wJ.uD>qX<Ap.cs;bl.&H.uD>q.w>yXtylRM.vDRI
bg'd>,g‘Ju0DRcd.o&.xl[.pH;0JvXzJr[guXm
rk>Ch>vDRcHe.&H.tqXuw>D w>tX.x.D cH;vDRw>pRl [C J mk ‘D
;uvHRrk>z;‘.d 0Hmw&H;w>‘fuvHRo0H;(avqifEargif S ;)’;D tl
vDRy>DS umHG [.H tzsX.,J>qHbs.J ‘;D t*RweDR'hcu H m0J
HG M.vDRI
w>ym[o k ;vD>tcd.‘k;zs;D uGmH tC[k d o;[;*DRt
xX.,J>qH‘D;oGJ.v;(oG.)wu,R,J>qHxX.‘D;xl.url.
vXySRuwJmuwDRvXubSDxD.[ko;zDt*D>[;*DRuGHmcJvXm
txX.wu,Rt*>b h g‘d>,g‘uJ 0DRcd.wJ0v J DRIAySRunb.D
‘db.xH;wtd.b.<Ab.q.cDzsoh d .u>‘;D [H.tCtd d .‘.
[H.vDRySD>M.vDRIAySRvXt[H.vDRySD>wz.qXuwD>cJtHRym
ympXRo;zJ[.H vXtbl;twH>oh.wz.M.vRD I
bg'd>,gySRvD>td.u'k'Ju0DRySRteD.*H>td.0JA
3100Abs.J M.vDRI

xHvD>uD>ylR

ucFh>ChvXuuJxD.
uD>pXzSd.w>'Do'Xok;
uGRJ uvk>A•A'h.ngvgxD.A5oD
thjzRh A17<A2010

ucFh>w>obVu&X ChxD.0J'.AetzAok;y'd.
vXuysdmvJuGHm0J'.AucFh>w>obVok;rk>'d.A'fuD>pXzSd.w>
'Do'Xok;rk>(Union Defense Force)vXttd.vXy,DRok;
rk>'d.w>yXzDvmM.vDRIA
'fucFh>w>upD.u%l>(ucFh>!l;pf-uL;)ymzsg0Jt
od;ucF>h w>obVcd.e>wz.uG;J qSXxD.vHmqlAetzAtySR
yXRvD>qh.eDRok;cd.usX>og%U.ttd.zJvgthjzhRA16AoDteHR
vX ucFh> w> obV u&X tJ.'d; Ch. vDR oud; w>*h>b.xGJ
ub.uJxD.ok;yXRuD>qXvXw>rkmw>ck.tylRuCkxH.
M>t*RA'D;wtJ.'d;uJxD.ok;yXRuD>qXb.rhrh>wcDtJ.'d;
qlubsH;yRA23

AvgthjzhRA30AoD< 2010 14 AAAAAAAA April 30, 2010


ubsH;yRA15AunDeH.A2749AAAAAAAAAAAA @ AAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAA'h.ngvgvDRA3oD<Ark>zDz;A

xH*kRuD>*Rw>upD. Z
th.ch.td.ydmrk.rRvRuyDRydmrk.u&XuFLbvH.ph
w>*DR=wHed(o0Dwg)

th.ch.td.w>upD. 'D;unDzdtd.zJ-xLRcReHeR<A[D;zX. w>&J.w>usJRvXcHwywD>rh>0Ju0DR ,m&J.oJuwDRusXRCmuhRunDt


vgthjzRh A6<A2010 _cDph.<AzG;J cd;cf<A0Hef'X.bhv'Df ;uFRH vD wz.tw>jyXvXtrh>0J =u%l> w> w>qJ ; w>vR<Aw>uwd R usd m <A
wz. [J xD. 0J ySReD. *H> td. (300) o;0H.jyX<ApdRvXysXRunDw>ulw> vHmvJ>'D;yu [H;pkeJ.usJzdvHRpXR
tD ; p-xh v ,gunD u bs.J M.vDRI uR'D;pdRchcgqXuwD>cJtHRunDt oGJ. oD zd wz. vXw> tJ. tySR u
vkm u &X=th.ch.td.unDydmrk. w> &J.w>usJR b.w>rR w>ulw>uR'D;tw>qJ;w>vRw> vkmo;o[D.utd.vXtylRt*D>I
u&X0JRusRd wDcd.&d.rJ'D;rRvRuyDR0J tDR cH ywD> <AtcD. xH; w ywD> rh> 0J jyXwz.M.vDRI Ayutd.qXxX.*X>*X>'D;qD.xGJrR
uD>olvhRunDydmrk. u&Xrk>eHRy SJR w>pH;vDRuwdRvDRw>'D;w>[h.rR ?th.ch.td.unDydmrk. pXRyu&Xrd>yS>ch.tJ.,l.tw>vd.
xD.(25) 0Dw0DuFLbvH.phtw> vRuyDR?0H;xd&H,gunDudF/tySR u&X(0H;xd&H,guD>pJ.)tHRb.w> w z. vX usJ ud; u yR 'J; wkR vX yySR
&J.w>usRJ zJvgthjzhRA5AoDteHR<A*DR uFzdd vXtzs;d pdvX(2009AeH.)w>rR u&Xu&d'k;td.xD.tDRM>vHA3eH. unD'Dwuvkmngxl.zsJ;xD.uGHm
cDA10;00=3;00Ae.&H.zJuvJeftD vd eH. tyl R p; xD. vX ySRwwDR uFd zd vHIAyth.ch.td.ydmrk.u&Xtw>y vX'k.'gy,DRtw>qD.wH>rReXRySR
'X.u<AFd 0JR&bHR<AuD>tD;p-xhv,g wkRySRtwDRwqHuFdzw d z.M.vDRIA nd.wdmymcd.oh.rh>0J=uu[ku wpkM.vDRI/<At*h>th.ch.td.ydm
rk.u &X (0H; xd &H, guD> pJ. )eJ. &GJ>
o&.rk.eD>*hRbl.pH;0J'.M.vDRI
?wqXuwD>CDzJyrRvR
uyDRunDydmrk.u&Xrk>eHRzJ0h>rJvf
bXtHRM.<AvXuD>qXph>uD;vD>cX.
o;unDydmrk.u&XurRvRuyDR0J
vD>cX.o;unDydmrk.u&Xrk>eHRySJR
xD. (25) 0D w0D uFLbvH. ph tw>
&J. w> usJR 'd.'d.rk> rk>zJ rJ> &R rd> M.
vDRIAyth.ch.td.unDydmrk.u&X
cd. e> vXrJvf bX'D; qH; eH. wz.ym
zSd. xD. o; Ckm 'D; ydmrk. u &Xzdw
eDRcJvXmySR(21)*RuhRvDRqD.xGJrR
vRuyDR0J=unDydmrk.u&XuFLb
w>*DR=wHed(o0Dwg)

vH.phw>&J.w>usJRtHRqlw>yX>qX
[D. u 0DR uD> qXM. vDRIAy th.ch.
td.unDydmrk.u&X0JRusdRcd.e>w

AvgthjzhRA30AoD< 2010 15 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA April 30, 2010


'h.ngvgvDRA3oD<Ark>zDz;AAAAAAAAA @ ubsH;yRA16AunDeH.A2749AAAAAAAAAA

z.tHRuuhR[h.rRvRuyDR0J=u xD.uhRySR[JxD.wz.tcHvX<AvD> rRe;tCdyySRuvkmwz.b.td. vXubsH;yRA8Atw>ydmxGJ


nD ydm rk. u&X cd. e> td. vX rl 'g ylR cX. o; unDydmrk. u &X b. w> 'k; vXw>ysHRw>zk;w>zSD.w>e;ylRtzX o;vXtwl>C.woh
(25)eH.wy,lmCDySR(12)*RvXw> td.xD.tDRzJrReXRysDzJA1985AeH. rk>vd.b.yw>rRpXRt*h><Ay0JvX
rRvR uyDR vHm tk. o; 'D; w>[h. vgthjzhRA5AoD'D;u&Xcd.tqdu t[JwkRzJxHuD>wbh.tHRwz.y M>0Jo;k uh(7)[D.u0DRzJtylRuGmH w
ueXRwz.M.vDRIA'D;u[h.rRvR wX>w*Rrh>0JzHzHeD>v.zd'D;cJtHRySJR wb.o;yhReD.w>*h>oh.wz.M. eH.vg,lRtcgw>upD.oMweDRuG;J
uyDRvDRvDRqDq0JD vD>cX.o;unD xD.0J(25)eH.vHt*h><Aw>vJRcDzsd b.<Ayub.rh>unD'DuvkmpXzS.d zsgxD.0JvXunDw>yX>qXtHRrh>w>
ydmrk.u&Xcd.e>cH*RvXtrh>0J=uD> A25 eH. twD> ylRy rh> uG> w&H; u 'g u&Xrd>yS>w>zH;w>rRvD>t'ht-w> vDRr>tcD.xH;p;xD.o;vHM.vDRIA
cd.rk.zHzHeD>v.zd'D;ch.tJ.,l.u uhR'D;yuxH.b.cd.e>vXvD>cX. 'D;yub.qD.xGzDJ .vdmpkrRoud; b.q.rhr>h ok;usRd cd.pDR
nD'DuvkmpXzSd.u&XeJ.&GJ>cd.usX> o; wDcd. &d. rJ wh> w>wz. vJR ylR w> 'D; u &Xrd> yS> t*h> <A zk ueJ rHR u zgolyH;vXok;uh=3AwcDtw>xH.
ydmrk.tqduwX>w*RuD>cd.o&. uGHmySRbl;wh>r;vXuvXmC.C. wdRqD.wclweJ >yX>0JM.vRD I w'fo;d M.b.I
rk.eD>pH.zd&><At0Joh.cH*RtHRvX= vHt*h><Aycd.ye>vXtvJRylRuGHm w> &J. w> usJR vX cH w y ok;usdRcd.pDRzgolyH;pH;0J<
pJ.eD>zsd;pdw>vRuyDR'D;zsd;pdw>vR ySRwz.ypH;bsK;b.uhRt0Joh.rh> wD> rh> 0J w> tD. o ud; rk> qg cD w> ?,R'D;,ySRok;zdoH.zd<AxHzduD>zd
uyDRM.vDRI/<At*h>o&.rk.&dRpJ vX qD vDR wh> Cm M> ySR w> zH; w> rR tD.<Aw>jyX'D;w>[h.vDRuhRcd.z; ursX>,wtJ.'d;vXub.wl>b.
(ZJ)e.pH;0JM.vDRI vXyub.qJ;rRtDRqlngvXyySR wz.0HRrRuwX>uhRw>&J.w>usJR w>e;e;usRH usRH w>q+.rJmuJRrJmvX
tD;p-whv,guD>ch.tJ. uvkmtw>b.bsK;t*D><AcJtHR vX,ySRuvkmw>o;0H.M.vDRI 'k.'gwz.tpkyRl b.I/
,l.cX.p;zkueJrHRuwdR[h.oq. vX yxH vD> uD > yl R'k. 'g tw>rRtX AAAAAAAAA?uD>olvRh M.,xH.'ftRH
vhRwuhRvDRr>wohb.IAwbsDt

w>xXusd.phvXunDb.uDvXuD>ylR*D> cgA1994Abl;uvXmA1995AxD.rR
eXRysv
D RD <AySRunDwvDRb.<AvDR'.
xJ[D.cd.tCdM.yok;&h.A9AvX>
'd.uD>q.ok;uhA3AtHRrh>vDRvX'k.
'gtpkyRl b.q.ySRunDwvDRb.I
vDRxJ[.D cd.M.,tk.,o;'l'v l RD I
vhRwuhRuD>olvhR[gr>wM>b.I
Ayrh>wrR[gr>[gr>wM>b.I/t
*h>ok;usRd cd.pDRzgoly;H pH;0JvDRIA
ok;usdRcd.pDRzgolyH;'D;t
oud;wz.w>qXuwD>wtd.vX
utd.bSH;td.ogt*D>b.IA}wDqX
0JuD>y,DRok;vXt[JvlRrRoH0Ju
nDursX>wz.wbd,l>CDM.vDRIA
vXw>'Do'XuhRtySRuvkmtylR
ok;cd.*D>*h>pDRzgolyH;vk>xD.uGHm0J
w>*DR=ch.pH.th.

to;orlzv J gzhR-bLRtg&HRA24oD<
A2010A[gcDA4;00Ae.&H.tqXu
ch.pH.th. zSd.xD.o;vXw>o;wzsX.CDxX usJRbsD0JtHRwrh>xJ'.yxXusd.ph wD>M.vDRI
thjzRh A11<A2010 oud;w>rRpXRzJ0h>*SJzHcX.o;usJr>k b.<Ay[h.t0Joh.w>*h>w>usdR 'fok;usdRcd.pDRzgolyH;t
zJvgthjzhRA8oDteHR<A z;'d.wbdM.vDRIAy0JunDzdeDRz; b.C;uD>pXzSd.(uD>y,DR)unDzd od;unDcd.e>od.'l'D;ursX>vXt
11;00=15;00e.&H.y0Jc.h pH.th. vdmo;vX0h>ylRtusJrk>cX.o;vX t*h>tusdR<AyCht0Joh.ph>uD;vX uxdwz.qJ;'k;w>vXunDu>D pJ.
unD*H>cD.xH;uXRzSd.u&X0h>*SJzHvf w>vD>oXwDRM.vDRIAyw>xXphbsD uqJ;vDRpkrk>usX>vXyuqSXxD. tylRvXw>'Do'XtySRuvkm<At
y'd;M>b.w>cGJ;w>,m<Aw>ysJvX tHRyxH.b.vXySRweDRwoh.nge> qlbDrk>pXzSd.u&X'fod;u[h.w> xHtuD>t[D.cd.uyHmvXtb.
0h>ty'd.ttd.vXyuxXusd.ph yX>ySRtgtgb.tCdou H >G ySRw>tg qD.oeH;tgxD.vXuD>y,DRuM> w>[JEkmvDR'k;[H;M>ql.tDRvXy
(street collection )vX0h>ylRtusJ r;b.q.weDReDRM.oh.ngySR*hRr; uhRw>obVt*D>M.vDRIAus.d phvX ,DRok;rk>'d.wz.M.vDRIAo;vXt
rk>yySRunDb.uDb.cJvXuD>ylRt M.vDRI b.w>[h.vDRoh.wz.tHRub. wl>C.o;wohwz.td.rl'D;qJ;
*D>M.vDRI pDRwDvXtrh>ch.pH.th. w>qSXvDRtDRqlySRvXtvd.b. 'k;w>vXuxl.zs;J xD.t*D>M.vDRI
y0JunDzo
d .h wz.ym urH;wHmw*RpH;0JvXyw>&J.w> vXuD>ylRoh.wz.M.vDRI ===

AvgthjzhRA30AoD< 2010 16 AAAAAAAA April 30, 2010


@
ubsH;yRA17AunDeH.A2749AAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAA'h.ngvgvDRA3oD<Ark>zDz;A

ySRz;vHmzdtoeX. B B w>uGJ;vXoeX.tHRtylRwz.rh>'.ySRuGJ;vHmtup>'.0Jtw>xH.w>ymo;{dRvDRI

xH%l>uD>oJ;rh>weXRy,DR*JRySRyuvXm
vX=zkx;D rJy> ’d.[h.w>qD.oeH;ql.ql.vXub.qDwvJ xH.vdmo;’D;AetzAok;cd.usX>pd,JrFh;zJMRyHFR’DR
uhRto;vXok;cd;uD>qX(y,DRok;rk>’d.t’h)’D; zJA2009eH.vgzhR-bLRtg&HR(18)oDM.vDRIA
wuD>cgqXuwD>cJtRH AetzAok;y’d. ub.uJxD.uhR0Jy,DRok;M.vDRIA0;uD>pJ.pX w>vJRxH.vdmbsD0JM.ySRvXt&h’d.wz.rh>0Jo
tw>rRtg’D;w>*h>cHrHRvXtrh>0J=(1)w>uwJm zSd.ok;rk>’d.’D;ucFh.w>obVu&Xtok;wz. &.wHRroh;<Azkx.h rD.<Ao&.rk.eD>uyDRxl’;D M>
uwDR&J.usJRw>vXA2010eH.w>CkxXuuJ ok;w>qXuwD>rh>vXwtJ.’d;wl>vdmw>qDw pdrF;M.vDRIAyrh>uG>u’guhRt0Joh.tw>vJR
xD.vd.xD.’.0J’t f 0Jo.h ok;y’d.w>b.o;u vJuhRteD>up>ok;tuh>t*DRqlok;cd;uD>qX xH.vdmuwdRw>*h>w>usRd tw>rReD.rRCgbs0D J
oht*D>IA(2)wcsK;vXw>CkxXrk>eHRwkRCDR’H;b. tywD>b.tCdcJtHRok;cd.usX>pd,JrFh;[h.vDR M.’D;ok;cd.usX>pd,rJ ;hF (‘D;AetzAok;u%l>wz.)
M.u,J>rh>uvkm’l.w>yX>qXvXtuhRvDRrR w>uvk>vX=0;uD>pJ.pXzSd.tok;wz.rh>u tw>ymo;<Atw>usJ R M>w>rk m w>ck . vXA
wh>vHw>rkmw>ck.’D;o;k y’d.wz.ub.uJx.D wl>vdmuJxD.ok;cd;uD>qX{gwwl>vdmb.vJ. KNU-KNLA w>rkmw>ck.uD.u;u&Xt*D>rh>
uhRy,DRok;cd;uD>qXcJvXm(b.td.vXy,DRok; M.ub.[h.uhR0Jtw>pH;qXtpJRcHuwX>zJvg w> vX tw,X>C XxJvJ.zSHxJvJ.t*h>y xH.
rk>’d.tw>zD.ysHRzDvm)t*D>M.vDRIAw>wdmusJR thjzh.(22)oDteHR<A’D;ucFh.w>obVu&Xu tDRohzszd szsd gzsgwbsC
D zD MJ .vDRIAt0Jo.h xH.vdm
wz.tHRcJvXmM.rh>’fo;d y,DRok;y’d.tw>pdw> b.[h.uhRw>pH;qXtvD>cHuwX>zJvgthjzh. uwdR w>tw>uwdRvXvD,JRylRwz.rh>’f tzD
urDRutd.pHmtd.usXR0J*X>*X>usXRusXRqlngt (28)oDteHRM.vDRIAzJcd;ue.uhRw>pH;qXtcg vmtod;vDRI
*D>M.vDRI ‘ft0Joh.w> rk>v> w dm y m u u JxD. ,JrhF;qSXtgxD.tok;vXodvh.A150cd.’D;ok; ,JrFh;=vXw>rkmw>ck.utd.xD.t*D>M.y0J’yk
vd.xD.t*D>M.AetzAok;y’d.tHRul.w&H;usRJ odvh.x;A18cd.qlucFh.’D;0;td.w>vD>t*h> ymo;vJ>v>J ’D;wl>vdmrkmokvRD IA[JuRh rRoud;
0JvXusJud;uyR’J;M.yxH.b.tDRohzsdzsdzsgzsg w>upD.oMwz.ymzsgxD.0JvRD I w>’D;ySR<A[JuhRtd.’D;ySRzJtHRIA[JuhRtd.uG>
vDRIAzD.CH;Cm0Jy.wH.w>u&Xu&dvXtxD. ySRvXwl>vdmy,DRok;y’d.w>&J.w> uG><Atd.rhwrkmb.uhRu’gIA0JyrR’fM.IAwcsK;
%O.xD’gtDRwz.’fod;EkmvDRcD.CkxXto;ok usJRvXuuJxD.ok;cd;uD>qXtqduwX>M.rh>0J ’H;zJM.tcgokr(d zkx.h rD.trg)y.ph>ud;rD.IAvX
wohw*hRt*D>xk;xD.Cm0Jw>bsXwbsK;xH. cd.zX.bD(DKBA)’D;unDw>rkmw>ck.u&XvX zgwH>u[Jt*D>yqSXvDRubD,Rl vHIAySRcJvXmu
vXuuJxD.w>zD.CH;t*D>vDRIIt’d=rh>vXok; uhRvDRrRoud;w>’D;y,DRok;y’d.M.vDRIAt0J [JvXbDuD;usJwcDIAyqSXubD,lR0HRvHIAzJM.
y’d.xk;xD.w>bsXzD.CH;Cmt0Joh.vXusJw oh.wz.’fAetzAeJ.vDRtDRtod;[;cJGtgxD. tcgpdpdoh.wcDwJxD.u’D;0JvXw[JvXRb.’f
rh>wwDtuyRuyR’fo;d EkmvDRw>CkxXokwoh tok;eD.*H>vXunDursX>tusg<AqSXtySRwz. tHR{g’fM.{gIAvXw>M.tCdzgwH>(zkx.h rD.)w
w*hRt*D>tCd(NLD )u&XvXtrReXRw>zJA vXub.vJRxD.ok;w>rRvd’yf ,DRok;eJ.vDRt cDwJxD.0J=okrh>wvJR’D;td.wh>,uvJRvX,
1990eH.w>CkxX’D;ok;y’d.wyst J ’k;td.xD.y od;vXuuJx.D ok;cd;uD>qXt*D>M.vDRI cD.w*RvDR<A’D;wkRCDR0Jqlytd.vDRIAokoh.ng
’d.b.wzkcJtHRqXwJmvDRto;vXwEkmvDRA ySRud;*R’J;o;vD0JvXxHvD>uD>ylRw> wrh>{J.IAtJ.’D;wJM.wrh>w>tnDb.rD.IeD.II
2010eH.w>CkxXvXRb.M.vDRIArhrh>w>u&X rkmw>ck.utd.xD.uhRvXtqdtcVM.vDRIAu zgwH>(zkx.h rD.)oh.<AzgwH>rF;(zkbd.rF;)oh.M.
u&dvXuuJxD.twHRoud;’D;uuJxD.w>rR vkm’l.w>yX>qXw>u&Xu&dwz.’D;xH&l>uD> tngyS>M>,R’H;IeD.IIvXngcgy’k;vdmyo;zJu
pXRvXt0Joh.t*D>M.ok;y’d.tHRqD.xJGwl>vdm oJ;w>u&Xu&dwz.’k;xD’g0Jok;y’d.vXu’d; nDuD>tHR’H;IAyrh>wJuRh w>’k;t*h>wz.M.vDReHR
t0Joh.vXuEkmvDRcD.CkxXto;vXw>CkxX M>b.?w>obVtrh>twD/’D;?xHv>D uD>ylRw> oyS>vDRIAyc;vdmyo;’D;zgwH>(zkxh.rD.)’H;IA
bsD0JtHRM.vDRIAvXtusgyxH.b.vXyySRu rkmw>ck./utd.xD.t*D>wy,lmCDM.vDRI bl.*hRvXzgwH>c;,Rwb.b.rX.IAzgwH>c;,R
vkmcd.e>vXt&hvmd o;bl;bl;wH>wH>’D;ok;y’d. AetzAph>uD;[;ud;yol0JvXogurRw>rkmw> M.rD.IAtJ.’d;wJM.yvJRcDzsdb.’fM.rD.IeD.II
vXtrh>0JuoH.o&.’D;uxX.pJrX.o.ph>ud; ck.vDRIAb.q.AetzAwz.tudmylRwcDr>h pH; b.q.’D;vXngcgM.ySRw*R’D;w*RwJoud;w>
uEkmvDRvXw>CkxXbsD0JtHR’fAKPP unDxHzd 0JvXrRw>rkmw>ck.b.q.tw>wdm’D;trRw> *h>’ftHR{J.’fERk {J.’ktd.0J<A,J’, k woh.ngvXR
uD>zdu&XtcX.p;tod;M.vDRIAwkRvXrk>rqg eD>uD>wcDrh>’.=w>vH.w>vD<Aw>bs.’D;usJR b.IeD.IIw>uwdRoh.wz.M.wJt*h>vXRw
weHRtHRM.w>u&Xu&dvX[h.xD.ymtrHRp&D w>vXtw>pdw>urDRutd.*X>qd;usXR,Hm,Hm *hRI 0HRvXmvHIAw>qXuwD>cJtHRy0Jy’d.wcD’yk
vXuEkmvDRA2010eH.w>CkxXt*D>teD.*H>td. xXxXt*D>M.vDRI tJ.’d;wJw>uwdRxJwxH.vDRIA[JuhRtd.uG>
vH(11)zkvMH .vDRI tJ.’d;[h.w>t’dwcg<Aw>*h>vXt uG><td.rh>wrkmb.uhRu’gIArhrh>zgwH>(zkxh.
yrh>uG>u’D;uvkm’l.vXtuhRvDRrR uJxD.wh>o;zJwHRroh;’D;zkxh.rD.uhRvDRrRw> rD.)’kto;ql.r;IA[JxH.’D;ySR0HRuhRu’g<Aud;
w>rkmw>ck.<AvXtd.’D;tpku0JRwz.cJtRH ok;y rkmw>ck.’D;y,DRok;y’d.oDoDcg<At0Joh.vJR w>td.zSd.b.uwdRwJ;vdmCdvdmo;’D;ySR*RuD

AvgthjzhRA30AoD< 2010 17 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA April 30, 2010


'h.ngvgvDRA3oD<Ark>zDz;AAAAAAAAA @ ubsH;yRA18AunDeH.A2749AAAAAAAAAA

ysvD
D RIAy&h’;D zgwH>(zkx.h rD.)oh.,HmvHI ’d;td.wylRylRtd. ohcJvXmI,vDuD vX okunD
yurRw>rkmw>ck.t*D>b.wJuh.wJ uD>pJ.utd.’D;w>rkmw>ck.vDRIw>vD>t*RM.
ud.w>tvD>wtd.b.IcJtHRw>*X>w> cJtHR’d;M>b.uhRw>rkmw>ck.vXmvH{J.Iw>w
usXRvHI(oHuG>qlo&.rk.uyDRxl)trd td.eDwrHRvXRb.Ick.,k>rkmyXRvXmvHIokue>
td.ql.{gIcJtHRtrdrRrwRvJ.IvJR[; [lb.vHoX.I,[;xH.vdmo;’D;ySRvXt[J
Ckt.D n.{gI uhRrRw>rkmw>ck.tw>u&Xu&dw’l.0HRw’l.
uyDRxl=wCktD.n.b.Ib.bSDxD. wrh>{J.I,rh>vJRvXucFh.uD>pJ.M.ucFh.ud;
w>vD>w>us{J .J IcJtRH ySRwtd.eDw*Rb. yol’D;vHI,rh>vJRu’D;vX,dRuD>pJ.M.,dRud;
tCdr.D I yolu’D;vHI[J[[ J [J IJ (wHRroh;<zkxh.rD.<M>pd
,JrFh;=tX.=rh>0J<rh>0JI rF;’D;uyRD xleRH xD.oud;0J’;D ,Jr;hF )
uDcJcJ0HRr;[JuhRu’gzJtHRIAeD.IIySRvXrRpXRw> wHRroh;=trduxD.uJo;k cd.usX>{J.I wHRroh;=ok;cd.usX>urh>e[;ud;Ckm’D;ySRw
wz.ph>ud;b.o*X>’D;o;orltw>b.,d.< ,JrFh;=tX.=*hR*hR(eHRoud;0J),uwJot k *Rw z.M.cD{goX.[J[[ J IJ
’ftrh>0Jo&.pDo.h ’D;toud;wz.Iwrh>{JIeD.II cgIoo k .h ngwh>ympXRvHp>h ud;oX.Iyw[H;M>ok ,JrFh;=ok;cd.usX>,JrFh;vJRzJvJ.IwJoud;w>*h>
w>uDw>cJ’t k .d 0Jtgr;IvXcHuwX>’kux J .D vd. usdecdD .b.eD.IywChvXokub.[h.ySRokusd rEkRvJ.oX.ItX.=w>uJx.D o;’fM.ItCdM.<
xD.0J*hR*hRb.b.vDRrD.IAzhR-bLRtg&HR(11)oD ph>ud;b.IusdvXt*hRM>okusdM.vXytd.td.’D w>*h>rd>yS>wcDM.ok0Jph>ud;wJoud;w>rkmw>
teHR<td.’H;’.vXtoDzdvDRIcHeH.ySJRxD.vHIuJ ’l.Iokoh.ngwrh>{J.I(eJ.CDRtpkvdRvdRqlzk ck.t*h>tHRIokt.d vXM.tcgw>td.o;rRo;’f
xD.vd.xD.vHI(uG>CDRM>pdrF;’D;oHuG>0J)w>uJ xh.rD.td.’D;wJ)zgwH>oh.tusMd .rwRv.J eRI vJ.’D;ok[JuhRvDRtd.zJtHRM.tw>td.o;*hR
xD.vd.xD.0HRt vD>cHxd. uD;udw>vD>M. e r.wtd.eD.qgb.IvXytd.M.ust d .d ’D’.l Iyrh> xD.’fv.J t*h>M.wJb.uhRt0Jo.h wxH.I(uG>
xH.’fv.J eRI(M>pdr;F we>yX>tw>oHu>G vXy,DR [h.vDRokr;M>’H;IvXcHuwX>M.w>rkmw>ck.t CDRM>pdrF;trJm’D;wJ)w>vXeub.wJM.<eD.
usmd *hR*hRb.tCdwRH roh;usmd xHuRh ,Jr;hF tw> u%l>u&X(jidrf;csrf;a&;tzUJ)wz.M.yu’k;uJ *H>(1)[;wJb.yw>ymo;trh>twDrh>w>’f
oHuG>qlunDusdm)ok;cd.usX>oHuG>0Jxd.uD; xD.uhRvXok;rk>’d.(wyfrawm)yrRohIvXng vJ.’fvJ.t*h>IAeD.*H>(2)M.,uwJyF;vX,eD>
udM.cJtRH exH.tw>td.o;zsgb.eR’fvJ.IvDR ,wJwbsDvHI(uG>CDRqlzx k h.rD.td.)wrh>{J. up>x;cd.,w>ymo;=[JuRh td.uG>uG><td.
*m’D;b.uDb.cJ’u J 0DR{gI zg wH>I (uG>CDRu’D; qlo&.rk.uyDRxl)zJ M.e rh>wrkmuhRu’gI,J,wJw>wtd.eDwrHRvXR
M>pdrF;=wvDR*mb.IuJxD.wpJ;pJ;vHIvDR*m td.ph>wrh>{J.o&.rk.Ietd.0JoX.I b.I[JuhRtd.uG>uG>IAyou don’t like, go back.
vX0h>rD.I(wHRroh;’D;o&.rk.uyDRxlusmd xHuhR wHRroh;=usd0.t*h>M.qXuwD>cJtHRwrh>w> wHRroh;=,J,[;wJt0Joh.’fM.vDRI[JuhR
M>pdr;F tw>pH;qXql,rJ ;hF vXy,DRusmd ) *h>rd>yS>vXRb.rD.IcJtHRM.rh>vXw>rkmw>ck.t td.uG>uG><td.rh>wrkmuhRu’gI
,JrFh;=tX.Irh>0JoX.Iyuol.xD.xd.uD;udvX *D>vDRI ,JrFh;=tX.=t0JM.vDRIt*RwrHRA2010w>Ck
uuJxD.0h>vDRIyxk;vDR0h>tuh>t*DRvHrD.Iw ,JrFh;=t0JM.vDRIt0JM.vDRIywJw>cJtHRM. xXtcgM.yok;u%l>tHRw>uuJxD.to;’D;
rh>{J.Iyuol.xD.0h>Iwrh>b.uDb.cJ’Ju0DR vXySRoh.wz.M.(tJ.’d;pH;0JyRS yX>qXw>zdwz.) tDR’fvJ.IySRuqdrd.0JvDRI,[;wJymw>uwdR
b.eD.Iokw>u&Xu&dvXu[JuhRvDR’H;wz. t0Joh.b.ud>b.*DRw>rD.It0Joh.[;ud;y ’fvJ.okuoh.ngcJvXmvDRIySR[JuhRvDRrRw>
t*D>ph>uD;ytd;xD.M>usJvXt0Joh.t*D>xDbd olxD.0JvX?unDpu k 0JRub.td.vXunDt rkmw>ck.u&Xwz.M.w>*h>uDwtd.eDwrHR
vDRI[JuhRohIok;uh(6)t*D>’kwrh>xJxd.uD;ud pkylR(wJwcDcD’JtpkwcDcD)w>wz.M.cJtHRwrh> b.IAyu’k ; uJ x D . uh R ok v Xok ; cd ; uD > qXA
w>vD>wcg{dRb.oX.Irhr>h ok;uh(2)(3)t*D>’ky vXRb.IokxH.zJpDRb;tluFHtvX>xl.vdRuJG; Border Troupe cJvXmoX.(uG>CDRqlo&.rk.
uymM>t0Jo.h vXw>vD>bl;’D;t0Jo.h M.oX.I vDRCm0JM.rD.Iwrh>{J.Iz;,HmvH{J.Iz;,Hmng uyDRxltd.)wrh>{J.o&.rk.Iy0J’yk syD sv D RD ItCd
zJunDu>D pJ.tylReD.Irhr>h vXok;uh(5)M.vXt vHw>wz.M.Io;yhReD.uHGmtDRM.I(eJ.CDRtpk M.oku wJb.o;w>rEkR vJ.ItX.=,wJw>
[D.u0DR’.0JtylRyusRJ ym’fM.ItJ.’d;wJM.yusRJ qlM>pdr;F ttd.)w>rkmw>ck.vXeygvd.b.tDR tgwvXzsgvXokwtJ.’d;ue.vXRb.I(eHRo
M>ok*D>vXt*hRcJvXmvDRIAxHuD>y’d.wcDcJtHR M.<eJp>h ud;euvd.b.Iy0J’yk ymyeD.eygwkRrk> ud;0J)tCdM.,uwJuhRoXxH.vDRIAeD.*H>
[J[.h ’k;tD.okw>tD.vXvXySRJ ySRJ vDReD.IyrRM> rqgweHRtHRvDRIt0J’rk h>vXtw>td.ql.td. (1)=uhRwJb.w>*h>’fox k .H ’D;e>[lb.cJtRH t
w>vXok*D>z;tgngvHwrh>{J.IvXok0JwcDM. cVw>td.o;w*hRb.tCdrR0JwohvXRb.I od;(uG>CDRw>qlM>pdrF;td.’D;wJ)euhRvXM.e
ok[JwRk qlw>vD>tHRwvd.oko;ud>w>xJM. b.q.eokrh>rRM.<,qdrd.ch.tJ.,l.wz. wb.[;wJvXe[JxH.vdmo;’D;ok;cd.usX>pd
uD;b.IeD.IIo&.rk.uyDRxloh.t*D><tzdvHR tHRw[JuRh b.M.td.0Jwohb.Iub.[JuhR ,Jr;Fh w*hReD.Irg%SRurRoHeRI[g[g[g[g(eHRo
uxD.udFt*D>yusJRM>w>cJvXmvDRIAokxH.vH td.qlunDuD>pJ.ylRcJvXm’gcDIt.=wb.wJ ud;0J) eD. *H> (2) = uhRwJb.t0Joh.’f,wJock J
wrh>{J.Iwl>vdm{gI vXt*Rw*hR<zJzgwH>(zkxh.rD.)td.zS.d wJou;d tHR[JuhRtd.uG>uG><td.rh>wrkmuhRu’gItX.
M>pd’D;uyDRxl=wl>vdm w>’D;ySRtcgwJ,R’v f .J eokqdr.d Iok;cd.usX>{X< w>*h>vXtvD>cHuwX>wxH.M.=ow k b.o;
,JrFh;=t0JM.vDRI,J’, k wJw>t*Rwtd.eDw unDzt d .d vXxHx.pUwz.ub.[Jtd.vXu ud>w>eDwrHRw*hR Don’t worry about that
rHRb.Iok;zd{.J Iok;zd’(k open)vDRIAww>ohJ ysD nDuD>pJ.ylR{gIwrh>’fM.b.IuD>y,DR’Db.h zJt.J Arh>vH{gI,tJ.’d;wJw>*h>rd>yS>rh>w>oXxH.tHR

AvgthjzhRA30AoD< 2010 18 AAAAAAAA April 30, 2010


ubsH;yRA19AunDeH.A2749AAAAAAAAAAAA @ AAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAA'h.ngvgvDRA3oD<Ark>zDz;A

rk>v>zDwX.wrh>vXyuuhRtd.b.uhRvXxd.
uD;udt*D>{dRb.IAwrh>y’k;w>vXyuuhRtd.
b.uhRvXok;uhA6ok;uhA2=3Aok;uAh 5t*D>{dR
b.IAyw>rk>v>rhrh>’.u,XmzJM.tywD>vDR
M.wvd.vXyub.zD.xD.w>pku0JR’D;’k;xD’g
uD>y,DRy’d.wz.tHR’D;wl>oHwl>qgwl>zSD.wl>
e;o;vXteH.(60)bs.J twD>ylRxJtRH ngb.I
rfyokwuG>w>xJvXyrJmql.uwX>
{dR’D;yeD>up>tw>b.bsK;t*D>w*hRIAoh.eD.
’D;qdrd.xHuhRrSHRyS>tw>[h.yvD>xgzdw,k>
vXtrh>0J?zDy>tJ.eRtJ.zlvJ;<AzDy>’gbX*k>oD
rJ/t*h>vXe*D>wuh>IAw>*JRxH*JRuD>vXySR’Dw
uvkmngt* D>M.w>vXt&h’d.uwX>rh>0Jy u
b.eXRxH%l>uD>oJ;’D;ub.xH.pdw>vXu[J
ok;cd.,JrFh;uwdRw>AySRqh.eDR’D’l.t*DRrh>0Jzx
k h.rD.<wHRroh;<M>pdrF;<o&.rk.uyDRxl’D;wHRroh;trg b.o*X>ySRwz.yub.}wDo’XyvJmtDRvXusJ
wJoud;w>’D;,JrFh;zJMRyHFR’DR ’fvJ.t*h>M.vDRIAy*JRxH*h>uD>*h>xH%l>uD>oJ;y
vDRItX.=vD>cHuwX>’kt.J ’d;wJ<trdo.h (zHv. wdRoud;w>*h>vXtzDcd.tHRy,DRok;y’d.tw> rh>weXRb.’D;’k.’g*JRySRyuvXm’.vXusJ’fM.
zd)eXR’goh.<td.’fo;d okutd.’D;w>td.ql.td. ymo;tw>usRJ vXw>rkmw>ck.utd.xD.vXxH vDRIA’Dyk>0J>u’Ju’JzD.vdmpkov.xD.oko;<
cVeDRIrh>b.wJvXAPersonally M.ok[H.zdCDzd vD>uD>ylR*D>w>wtd.eDwrHRb.ywJohvDRI u ArfokyRS uvkmuxl.zs;J xD.uhRvXw>qD.w>H rR
rh>vd.w>wrHRrHRM.wJ,RysyD sID uhRwJb.erd’M.I
f nDw>yX>qXteH.(60)bs.J y’k;y,DRy’d.tHRyw> eXRvXtqdtcVwuh>I
,J’, k wxH.b.tDReDwbsb D .Ib.q.cDzsvX d
xHvD>uD>ylR
zgwH>(zkxh.rD.)oh.<o&.wHRroh;oh.<o&.
rk.uyDR xl oh.tCd,ol.td.o;t d.vXt zD
cd.’d.r;I,ymok’fyw’l.rd>zdtod;vDRIeue.
rd.xH%>l uD>oJ;u&XwEkmvDRw>CkxX
oh{gI uGRJ uvk>A•Avgcsv
H RD A1oD AAArd.uvkm'H>rd.jch.pH.u&Xrd>yS>(MNDF ) rh>
M>pdrF;=ue.oh rR%S;A30<A2010 rd.u &Xwzk vXtEkmvDRA 1990eH.w>CkxX
,JrFh;=okIo&.wHRroh;’D;zgwH><ok0Jph>uD;uhR 'D;rRM>0Jbs.D 'd.cX.p;tvD>A4*RM.vDRIA
wJe>yX>pXR=[JuRh td.uG>uG><td.rh>wrkmuhRu wcsK;vXuD>y,DR'H>rd.jch.pH.u&Xrd> rd.uvkm'H>rd.jch.pH.u&Xrd>yS>wEkm
’gI yS>(tJ.tJvf'H>)qXwJmvXwEkmvDRrReD.ty. vDRw>CkxXb.t*h>[Jto;vXAetzA2008A
o&.rk.uyDRxl=e>yX>%SJvDRI wH.vXu'd;CkxXo;b.M.Ard.uvkm'H>rd. w>ol.xD.xHu>D oJp;w>bsXcd.oh.M.rh>vXrd.
t0Joh.wJoud;uhRw>*h>t*Rwz. jch.pH.u&Xrd>yS>(MNDF )ph>uD;qXwJm0JvXw uvkmt*D>w>cGJ;w>,mwtd.b.tCdu&X
rh>0J=,JrFh;pH;0JvXog'd;M>b.w>upD.vXuFD. EkmvDRrReD.rRCgtu&Xb.'D;wEkmvDRAetz tHRwEkmvDRw>CkxXb.M.vDRIA
wJ.ok;(Mobile 32)od.vdM>unDzdo.zdwz. A2010Aw>CkxXtrl;b.M.vDRIA
ok;w>od.vdt*h><AwHRroh;pH;0Jw>*h>tHRogw
oh.nge>[lw>eDwrHRb.IAoguuhRckoh.ng
rh>vDRwH>wcDoguymzsgxD.w>*h>tHRql[D.cd.
'Dbh.uoh.ngb.0Jt*h><AoguuhR}wDrRywkm
uGHmunDb.uDb.cJ'Ju0DRwz.cJvXmb.rEkR
vJ.M.w>vXb.uDb.cJM.rh>ySRrRtD.xH%l>
uD>oJ;zdwz.CkusrR J tD.[XzXq.w>rRtusdR
tusJ(ajr1ufjyqefawg1if;)t*h><Azkxh.rD.
wJb.,JrFh;vXtySRok;zdu[JuhRvDRtd.'H;t
*h><Ao&.rk.uyDRxlwJyF;,JrFh;vXbDrk>pXzSd.u
&X(UN)tcX.p;wz.oHuG>t0Joh.vXokok;zd
tusgzdo.ok;td.{gtw>*h>oh.wz.M.vDRI
yrh>uG>uhRt0Jo.h tw>xH.vdmu rd.cd.e>wz.td.zSd.oud;tcgIAw>*DR=rd.w>upD.oM

AvgthjzhRA30AoD< 2010 19 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA April 30, 2010


'h.ngvgvDRA3oD<Ark>zDz;AAAAAAAAA @ ubsH;yRA20AunDeH.A2749AAAAAAAAAA

e.&H.zd
xgzdvXwHedo0Dwg*D>
•Ae.&H.tw>vJRxJ;xJ;
1IAwwdmol.ymo;,Jcg wtd.cd;ySReDwpJ;
8IA,*h>rh>tJ.’d;oh.ng
wpJ;u;0HRwpJ;u;
xH.b.wHeyd s>J w*R oHu>G b.vXucF0h g qlr;H eH;ok;CDRto;
ySRJ eHRurS[
H ;H vdmpk yursX>tw>wl>b.
‘foyXRcDyxd.Cl cF0h gw>*h>exH.b. •ArH;eH;vJRt0DCq
k H
ySRJ xD.0Jwe.&H.vH
2IAwHeyd s>J tHRySRpJ.eD> 9IAzJexH.w>rRto; cHqv H >GH e.&H.wbsD
vXyV>*DR’Xw>upD. wb.o;tk;ysRH vXmo;(vXy*D>’k,v
d )H uJx.D 0Jr>k eHRwoD
w>upD.M>0Jwz. y0JvXwl>b.wz.
ql[.D cd.eJ.zsg0J’. ywysRH *kRcH[.h C. •AwoDcHoD,HmvHG>EHG
uJxD.u’D;wvgvH
3IAwcsK;xH.’H;wHeyd s>J 10IAurJz.d CJw>td.rl wqHcv
H gymyeD.
vDR*m[D.cd.ySRzd.CJ td.zs.J M>ySRw>o;’l qXuwD>weH.ySRJ xD.
wkRxH.b.wHwyH s>J 0HR urJz.d CJtrJmxH
cD.rS[
H .D cd.ySRJ o;zSH yuvD;uhR[h.o;rH •Arhrh>’fM.unDzd
rfyuG>vde.&H.zd
4IAwkRrh>xH.’D;wHwyH s>J 11IAwHw{H Xo;’d.w*hR rl’gzdvXvDRb.tDR
qlwHwHqSX,w>uGJ; tJ.’d;rRvdmeR[JuRh rR0J’.wkRvDRwDRvDR
wHw{H Xo;rd.wJeR [JuRh xd.CloyXRcD
rh>o;yhReD.ySRvH{g obVuM>uD>unD •Arfy[H;M>w>od.vd
rRvdw>vXe.&H.zd
5IAwHww H Rk xHrmk uD>yXR 12IA[;eJ’.xJM.b.vH w’k.’J.G ySReDw*R
ySR’f,RwHweD.vXR w&H;uG>uhRevD>cH rR’.tup>w>rR
wHww H Rk yDng’d.usg erh>yDngoyXRcD
ySR’f,RwHwoh.ng [JuRh xd.Clb.uhReDR
•AqXuwD>td.’D;ySRcg
yokwvHmvlRusLqSg
6IAwcsK;wHwv H RJ w>cg rRw>vXyrRtDRoh
13IAerh>yDngxloyXR
*kmus;J pX;vXmvXmqhqh
,uG;J qX*hR’k;oh.ng y,l;,D.ym’d.uzX
w>vX,wJwh>wHwH yDngoyXRcDwz.
wHwo
H ;yhReD.vXmvH(vDRwH>)
•Ayrh>rRuvHuvH
rDRpd&Rd ,D>wH>oh.z; yutd.wh>ySRvD>cH
uG>vde.&H.uX.w*hR
7IAw>vX,pH;wh>,JeR 14IAuD>ylRyDngoyXRxl pD.rJmpD.egtd.rluRh
xd.vJR0gqSXCDRql,R rhwrh>eRuvDRuFL(uvDRr><AvDRwlmuGmH )
w>qXrd.M>wbDtRH uvkm’d.pd,>D wH>tDR •AySRo;yS>pH;wh>eR,R
uvXySRJ *D>wnD’;H (b.oh.oh.) [JuRh xXzS.d xDb.eDR xHx.D xHvRD wcd;ySR
rfy[H;M>w>rRvd
vXod.’lpRD vHus(cvx)
d uG>t’dvXe.&H.zd
ch.tJe’f >H td.<Aok;&h.(3)
ok;uh(3) vX=uykmvk;zd

AvgthjzhRA30AoD< 2010 20 AAAAAAAA April 30, 2010


ubsH;yRA21AunDeH.A2749AAAAAAAAAAAA @ AAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAA'h.ngvgvDRA3oD<Ark>zDz;A

ydmrk.ydmrXRtoeX.
ydmrk.uol.xD.[H.toD Aw>rRto;’D;y[H.zdCzD w d z.’fo;d tHRtCd,
w>td.rlcgqlng*D>,xd.,’G;wb.’H;b.I”
cDzsdy,DRok;wz.tw>xD.’k;tCdzd
o.A12A*Rb.uJx.D uGmH 0JyRS zd.CJvX[H.zdCD
zdcH’.l tusgM.vDRIA
eD>rk.0gpH;0J<A?y,DRok;wz.rRySRe;’d.
r;vDRIArhr>h tok;Ch>zs;d wcDywl>vdmrkmt0Joh.
wz.’D;yqSXqlycd.ye>td.0HRycd.ye>wz.&J.
usRJ M>t0Jo.h wz.tw>vd.b.wz.M.vDRIA
rhr>h y,DRySR0Hw>zdo.h wz.wcDyqSXuhRt0Joh.
ql0>h ylR<Ayxk;xD.CkmM>t0Jo.h wz.tw>vJR
w>uhRtvJM.vDRIArhrh>cJtHRwbsDw>o;qgw
z.EkmvDRtd.cX.r;vX,o;uH>ylRM.vDRI”
w>c;oHpDRrF;uD>xlzJt0JuhR*kmM>uhR
t[H.CDw>zdw>vHRzJy,DRok;wz.ok;bl;wH>
Cmto;’D;to0DtcgvDRIAzJt[H.tlt.D xD.
uwD>teD>cdu>h *DRph>uD;tlx.D ydmxG0J MJ .vDRIA
rk>*>eD>rk.0gpH;0J<?y0JunDzwd eDRtd.
b.vXclyRl 0>h ylRtCdurkmb.t0Jo.h ’d.r;vDRI
Arhrh>y0JySRupX>cd.zdwz.’kb.Ch>rSHr;y,DRok;
vXyeD>qH;cgvHRvHRvDRIAyemtbsw D b.vXRb.I
y,DRok;c;oH0, J bl;,wH>wpSRM>,J>*Rb.I”
w>*DR=ucFh0g

p;xD.weH.tHRvg,ElRtg&HRt vXm
wkRcJtHRAetzAok;xD.'k;0J'.vX>'d.uD>q.uGH
ucFgh 0g(uGRJ uvk>) eD>rk.0gpH;0J<A?,0RM.,tJ.tDR’d.r;vDRIAt0J vg 'D; CJ'Xu%l>tzDcd.ursX>tgM>A2<000bsJ.
rR%S;A14<A2010 rh>vJRzJ;ck;’D;,td.wh>uG>xGJ,zdqH;wz.vX b.Ch>td.urSHvXyS>v>usgM.vDRIAu&XvXt
[H.M.vDRIAyw>rRoh.wz.vJRto;b.vD> [;rRpXRw>vXuD>ylR(Free Burma Rangers )
rk>*>rk.0g’D;tzdrk.’d.uwX>eD>oD*hR b.p;M.vDRIAyzdwz.ph>uD;y*kmus;J pX;qSXt0J ymzsg0JvXt'G.J tlumHG o0DA3AzsX.[H.cd.tgM>A
zD[u J Rh vXt[H.C;vXb.w>’G.J tlumHG tDRvX oh.wz.qluv dF RD IAyrh>wohvmH b.q.yzdw 125AzsX.<Ac;oH0'J .o0Dzcd *H RM.vDRIAetzAok;
y,DRok;M.vDRIAt0Joh.cH*RvXmpdmCmCJmrm z.ytJ.’d;vXt0Jo.h wz.uuJx.D ySRul.b. vXtxD.'k;w>rh>0JcD.cVok;&h.A362<A363<
ulRvXtpkylR’.0Jpmk pkmM.vDRIAtuyXRu0gw ul.ohM.vDRIAyrk>v>ph>uD;vXt0Jo.h wz.u A366<A367<A368Awz.M.vDRI
z.pJxDCmvXtw>ulw>od;wz.tvdRtCd uJx.D ySRul.b.ul.oh’;D uJbsK;uJz.dS vXySRu
vXcHuwX>yoh.ngb.y0JvXt0Joh.wz.[J vkmt*D>M.vDRIAb.q.cJtHRy,DRok;wz.c;
uhRusDvdR0.wz.’fod;uol.xD.u’D;t[H. oHumHG ty>vHvRD I”
vXtoDwzsX.M.vDRI rk>*>eD>rk.0gb.td.wh>urJuGHm0J’D;
uD>y,DRok;rk>A'k;,R*h>0D0RJ vD>cd.oh. tzdA6*RA(ydmrk.A5A*R<AydmcGgA1A*R)AM.vDRIAt
(pucA10)<AcD.cVok;&h.A367AvXtb.w>wD zdr.k t’d.uwX>w*Rto;eH.td.’H;’.xJA1 5
cd.&d.rJtDRvXAtD.ud.v;Ac;oHuGHm0JpDRrF;uD> eH.’D;rRvd0AJ 6AwDRzJACJ’XwDRcX.o;uFMd .vDRIA
xlvXtrh>eD>rk.0g<A40eH.<At0RzJvg,ElRtg rk>*>eD>rk.0gtzdrk.t’d.uwX>eD>
&HRAA17oDteHRM.vDRIAok;wzktRH ’G.J tlumHG [H. oD*Rh zDp;H 0J<A?,y>rh>rl’;H ’;D ,uxD.b.uFod yS>
A11zsX.’D;[H;M>ql.uGHm0Jw>zdw>vHRcJvXmvX uwX>M.vDRIA,rd>,y>wz.rhrh>ySRzJ;ck;zd’.
w>*DR=ucFh0g

txH.M>0JzJCJ’Xo0D<ACJ’Xu%l><AvX>’d.uD> vJmtw>ynd.wz.wzk.vXy*D>b.IAt0Jo.h
q.<AcsX.vG>H xl.uD>&h.tylRM.vDRIA wz.tJ.’d;vXyuuJx.D ySRul.b.ul.ohvDRI

AvgthjzhRA30AoD< 2010 21 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA April 30, 2010


'h.ngvgvDRA3oD<Ark>zDz;AAAAAAAAA @ ubsH;yRA22AunDeH.A2749AAAAAAAAAAA

vXubsH;yRA1Atw>ydmxGJ nD ydmrk. wz. wl> b. 'H;0J w> pk


ydmcGgub.*JRvdmoud;'fod;ydmrk.uxl.zsJ;xD.=
ql. cD. wu; t w> rR xD 'g td.
unDrk.ChxD.
'H;0J?70Ars;u,R/t*h>o&.rk.
?yrh>ySJRxD.A25AeH.b.q.yydmrk.oh.wz. bsLrHeJ;p.pH;0JvDRIAt0JpH;0JvX'l
b.td.'H;'.vXw>qD.wH>rReXRvX'k.'g(y,DR o0 D wz. tylR ydm rk. u&X cd. e>
ok;y'd.)tw>rRtXrRoDtylR<AvXyySRw0XtylR wz. vJR wwkR vDR cJ vXm b.<A
'.vJmw>pkql.cD.wu;xD'gydmrk.td.'H;tzX ydmrk. wz. td.'H; '. vX w> qD.
rk>tCdow;M.yoh.ngb.vXyA25AeH.tHR wH>rReXRtylR'D;w>rh>rRw>td.zS.d

w>*DR=unDydmrk.u&X
w>vXyub.rRoh.eD.xD.uhRtDRyub.vJR M. ySR wJ '. vX ydm rk. M.[h.tDR
u'D;qlngM.yub.*JRvdm<AvXw>*JRvdmvX trl t 'g vX ?uzD t D. w> / M.
ydmrk.wz.uxl.zs;J x.D cJvXmM.ydmcGgwz.u vDRIA ?zsg 'f od; w> xH. qH;ySR w>
b.y.CkmrRoud;<A*JRpH;*JRuwdRpXRw>vDRI/A w[h.ySRw>cGJ;w>,mvXuqh.
o&. rk. bsL rH eJ;p. 'k ;e> yX> 0JvX w> eDRuwdRw>tCdvDRIAwuyR'fod;ydmrk.wz. M.vDRIA
tHRw>xd.tDRohvXunDydmrk.u&XteD.w,> qh. eDR u wdR w> u 'l ubl. 'D; uoh t *D> y b. 'fM.tod;unDydmrk.u&X[h.rRvR
tvdRM.q.tzDcd.rh>t*DR<AtzDvmM.tvg [h.tgxD.w>od.vduU>uU>tzXrk>M.vDRI/ uyDR0J'. ydmrk. A17A*R vX t*JR qXxX. xD'g
tJ;'D;tcX.o;M.q.0g<Aq.0gtHRtuyRM. unDydmrk.u&XA25AeH.uFLbvH.w AetzAok;y'd.vXweDRoHwh>0J'D;weDRb.td.
td.'D;tu'kololAtHRymzsgxD.0JunDydmrk.w bsDtHRt0Joh.[h.vRuyDR0J'.ydmrk.u&Xcd. vXw>'k;CmtylRM.vDRIAw>rRvRuyDRph>uD;
z. b.td.rl'H;'.w>vXw>qD.wH>rReXRtylR e>vXtwDcd.&d.rJw>ySJRxD.A25eH.A8A*RvXt ydmrk.cd.e>A48A*RvXt*JRvdmrRw>vXySRw0X
vDRIAq.tu'koltHRw>xk;uGHmwM>'H;b.rh> rh>o&.rk.v.zd(u&Xcd.A1)<Ao&.rk.zD'hwd w>*kRxD.yoDxD.w>rRt*D>M.vDRIA
vXunDydmrk.wz.b.td.rl'H;'.vXw>qD. (u&Xcd.A2)<Ao&.rk.rF.J zd(vD>cX.o;ql.cVrl unDydmrk.u&XtqduwX>b.w>'k;
wH>rReXRtylRtCdM.vDRI 'gcd.)<Ao&.rk.rhRcFX.(vD>cX.o;xDbdurH td.xD.tDRvXuD>cd.pDRb;tluFzJH A1949AeH.'D;
'fvJ.*hRA25AeH.tw>*JRvdmvXydmrk. wHm)<Ao&.rk.v;uFH.(vD>cX.o;ySR*h>0Drl'g uD>cd.b;tluFtrXR
H Ao&.rk.rDeHx.Arh>ydmrk.
wz. t cGJ; t,m t*D><A ydm rk. wz.u Ekm vDR cd.)<Ao&.rk.tJ;pxX.vX>0g(vD>cX.o;xDbd u&Xcd.tqduwX>M.vDRIAtcD.xH;w>oh.ng
y.Ckm oud; vX w> wD cd. &d. rJ 'D; xH %l>uD> oJ; urHwHm)<Ao&.rk.rk>,JRzJ(vD>cX.o;xDbdu tDR'fuD>olvhRunDydmrk.u&X<Atw>[l;w>*JR
tylRutd.xD.t*D>ydmrk.tg*Rw>xH.b.vX rHwmH )<A'D;o&.rk.%U.zD(vD>cX.o;0JR'X;cd.)M. vDRr>uGHmwuwD>0HRtvD>cHvXcHb.w>'k;td.
tEkmvDRy.CkmvXw>wDcd.&d.rJtylRt*h>o&. vDRIA xD.u'guhRtDRzJA1985AeH.vgthjzhRA5AoD<AzJ
rk.bsLrHeJ;p.pH;0JvDRIA u&Xcd.A1<A2A'D;0JR'X;cd.rh>vXeD>cdw> unD w>yX> qX 0JR vD> cd.oh. vD> vHR rR eXR ysD 'D ;
o&.rk.bsLrHeJ;p.pH;0J<?yxH.vXw> *H>p>tCd[Jx.D uFLbvH.wbstH D RwwkRb. w>qDwvJuhRtrHRqlunDymd rk.u&XM.vDRIA
*kRxD.yoDxD.wXwrHRM.yySRunDtylRydmrk.
[HxD.zD.xD.rl'gtgxD.0J<AcHrHRwrHRyoh.ng vXubsH;yRA14Atw>ydmxGJ u&X 'D; AetzAok;y'd. xH. vdm wh>to; A15A
b.vXydmrk.wz.tw>oh.nge>yX>[JtgxD. ucFh>ChxD.vXuuJxD.uD>pXzSd.w>'Do'Xok; bsDp;xD.A2009AeH.vgthjzhRA28AoDvHRvHR'D;
t0Joh.*JRpH;*JRuwdR'D;w>vXtwrh>M.t0Joh. w>wrRM>w>tX.vDRwl>vdmw>tpXeDwrHRb.
*JRqXxX.wJ0J'.ohvDRIAvXw>wDcd.&d.rJwu uJxD. uD>pX zSd. w>'Do'X ok;rk>vX ttd.vX y xGJ ucFh>w>obV u&X ub.uJxD. ok;yXRuD>
yRyxH.b.vXyuD>&h.oh.wz.ydmrk.w>wDcd. ,DRok;rk>'d.tzDvm<Ab.q.uzD.usXRCm0J qXt*h>M.vDRIA
&d.rJ[JtgxD.0J'.<AvXtylRuGHmyrh>wJvXw ucFh>ok;tw>td.qDvDRto;'fttd.ymtod; w>xH.vdmtvD>cu H wX>wbsAetzD
td.b.oh0<A J cJtHRtpSRuwX>M.cH*RoX*Rtd. t*h>ucF>h w>obVu&XteJ.%G.J cd.usX>'D;uxX. A ok;bH. bX*h>0D tcd.ok; cd.usX>pdA,JrFh; tw>
xD.0J'.vDRIAvX'Ju0DRoh.wz.yxH.vXydmrk. vRpRwJe>yX>0J'.ucF>h ursX>cX.p;wz.M.vDRIA [JxH.vdmucFh>w>obVu&XzJvgthjzhRA4AoD
w>wDcd.&d.rJtgxD.<A'fo;d vX(ch.tJ.,l.)vD> ucFh>ursX>A2400AbsJ.'D;ucFh>w>o teHR'D;rXucFh>w>obVu&X[h.w>pH;qXqSHqSH
cX.o;xDbdurHwHm<AuwDRqdurHwHmoemuh bVu&Xcd.e>vXucFh>uD>pJ.<A,dR'd.uD>pJ.xH. vXuuJxD.ok;yXRuD>qXM.vDRIA
yxH.b.vXydmrk.wz.[JEkmvDR0JvDRIAytd.ph> vdmto;zJAucFh>w>obVu&Xt0JRvD>cd.oh. vgthjzhRA22AoDteHRAetzAok;y'd.
uD;'D;w>wJM>cJ;w>tw>&J.w>usRJ yydmrk.u&X AvJ.p.AzJvgthjzhRA17AoDteHR<AucF>h w>obV ym yeD.M>ucFh> w>o bV u&X vX ub. pH;qX
tusgo&.weDR'D;y0JR'X;zdwz.[;xD.[;vDR u&XteJ.%G.J cd.usX>'D;uxX.vRpRwJe>yX>t0J 0J'.vXuuJx.D ok;yXRuD>qXt*h>M.vDRIA
ohtCdbDrk>xu H >D oh.ngtgxD.y*h>yusRd tCd oh.b.xGucF J h>w>obVu&Xtw>xH.vdmu wuwD>CD AetzA ok;y'd. [h. w>
yymtDRvXtrh>w>*kRxD.yoDxD.M.vDRI/ wdRoud;w>'D;ok;y'd.b.xGJucFh>w>obVu qD.oeH;vXrd.uD>oDy.wH.vXu[h.w>pH;qX
ylRxD.uGHmAetzAok;y'd.tw>rRtX &Xub.uJx.D ok;yXRuD>qXt*h>M.vDRIA vXuuJxD.ok;yXRuD>qXzJvgthjzhRA22AoDteHR
rRoDtrJmngvXunDvD>td.u'k'Ju0DRtylRu 'D;uxX.vRpRpH;0JvXucF>h w>obV ph>uD;M.vDRIA

AvgthjzhRA30AoD< 2010 22 AAAAAAAA April 30, 2010


ubsH;yRA23AunDeH.A2749AAAAAAAAAAAA @ AAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAA'h.ngvgvDRA3oD<Ark>zDz;A

zd'"zdo.toeX.
usJ;pX;rRM>w>ul.oh
w*Rw*kmusJ;pX;w>tgtgvXRb.IAwxD.udF w>wJmvXy*D>tgr;M.vDRIAySRvXt*kmusJ;pX;
ud;eHR'J;vXRb.IA[;'D;twHRoud;t*RwbsD w>ul.b.ul.ohM.ul;b.w>ul.b.ul.oh
bsDtDrdmohxD.tDoH;ohxD.0JM.vDRIAwbsDw tol;to.<AySRvXtvlRb.to;M.ul;b.
cD.ud;Ckm0J pDR xl xl vX uvJR oud; 'D;tDRb. uhRw>vXtzSH0Jtol;to.uJxD.w>uDw>cJ
q.pDRxl xl wvJRb.tCdt0J pH;b. pDRxl xl vXt*D>'d.r;M.vDRI
vXerh>wvJRydm,cHb.M.ewtJ.,Rb.M. tCdy0Jzdo.oh.wz.rDRyurh>zdo.
vDRI ApDRxl xl wcD b. *km usJ; pX; 0J vX tudF w> vXte>vdRrRrkmrd>y>to;usJ;pX;vXw>ul.
rRvdrR'd;'fod;uzsdxD.weH.wwDRt*D>M.vDRI b.ul.ohM.wuh>IAyub.yvD>o;'D;yw>&h
Awbsbs D rhD >vXttJ.b.pDR0g*hRtCdb.rRrkm0J wHR&houd;ph>uD;M.vDRIAyub.*kmusJ;pX;vX
to;b.vlRb.0Jto;M.vDRI yw>ul.b.ul.ohutd.'D;ySR'fod;ySRtokw
wbstH
D RpDR0g*hRwusJ;pX;vHmvXRb.I xH.qH;ySRw*hRM.wuh>IAyu*kmusJ;pX;'fod;y
At0JuJxD.ySRtXzd'D;twHRoud;zdw'l.rd>y>w urRM>w>ul.b.ul.oh'D;yupdmuzDxD.yySR
z.to;wrkmvXtzdcGgzdw*RtHRtCd'd.r;M. uvkm'fod;u'd.xD.vJRxD'fySRwuvkmvXt
vDRIAusJ;pX;bSDb.0Jb.q.rR0JwM>vXRb.I b.w>ymyeD.tDRvX[D.cd.csXtod;M.wuh>I
•Ayg'd. ApDRxlxlwcDvXw>*kmusJ;pX;tgtgtylRcJtHRt
vgthjzRh <A2010 0JzsxD
d .cDvh.udrR F b.w>vXy'd.w>rRvD>*hR*hR w>ul.b.ul.ohpH;0J=?,tJ.ySRvXttJ.,R<
b.b.M.vDRIApDRxlx[ l u
J Rh vXw>rRvdv>D t ,ym'd.ySRvXtym'd.,R/
w>wJ0J'.vXo0DwzsX.tylRM.ySR'D qXuwD>t0JxH.0JpDR0g*hRw*Rtd.'H;'.w>vX ?erh> td. 'D;w>ul.b. ul.oh 'D;w> xH .vX ew>
wHR'Doud;td.0JcH*RtrHRrh>pDR0g*hRw*R'D;pDRxl w>tDrlRtDb;DS tvD>M.vDRIAt0JtJ.'d;0JvXpDR0g td. rl tylRvX vX ySJR ySJRM. eurR M> w>td. rl vX
xlw*RM.vDRIAySR'DwHR'Doud;cH*RtHRtJ.vdmt *hRupl;uGHmtw>rlRw>bSD;M.vDRt0J*kmusJ;pX; twDRxDuwX>vX[D.cd.csXvDRI/
o;*hR'd.r;M.vDRIAtd.b.ud'fF o;d od;vXteD>zd &h'D;pDR0g*hRrRrkmpDR0g*hRto;'fod;upl;uGHmw> y0J zd o. wz. yuusJ ;pX; ql. ql.'f
qH;qH;tcgM.vDRIAp;xD.vXwwDRwkRySR'DwHR'D tDrlRtDbSD;vDRIA*hR{Xerh>wtDw>b.erh>wvlR od;w>ul.ohutd.'D;ySRwuh>I
oud;cH*RtHRtd.udFqh.eDRvD>qh.eDRwzsX.CD eo; b. M. eurh> ySR vXtzsd ;pd w*R
M.vDRIAtw*RrRvHmrh>wb.t0Jw*Rb.rRyF; eurRM>w>ul.b.ul.ohto.vX
0J vHm t0J w*R rR vHm rh> wb.tw*R rRyF;tDR ezSHvDRtDRM.vDRIAcJtHRew>ul.b.
vHmM.vDRIAvJRrHtd.oud;vdmto;vJRz;vHm ul.ohwz.M.rh>tvJRzJvJ.,
'fod;vdmto;M.vDRIA o; w rkm b. z; 'd. vX euJ
pDRxlxlrh>ySRw*RvXto;*hR<A0Ho; xD. ySR 'f tHR tCd M. vDR I
plRw>M>w*RM.vDRIAb.q.pDR0g*hRw*Rrh>ySRvX Aurh>vXwHRoud;tg*RrR
to;cVwpJ;tCdxDbdM.pDRxlxlb.0Ho;plR eXR eo; t Cd evlR ydmxGJ
tDRM.vDRIApDRxlxlrh>ySRywD>rk>zdw*R<ApDR0g*hRw b. ewHR o ud; wz. t
cDrh>ySRtd.'D;usd.phzJt-uX;w*RvDRIApDRxlxl o;tw>vd.b.M.vDRI
wcDrRvdw>ymzSd.usd.zdphzdohrhrh>pDR0g*hRwcDrh> w>wJ t 'd
vXtphtd.tCdoltphzJtw>b.o;'.0JM. w,k > tH R yrh > qd u
vDRIAb.q.ySRcH*RtHRwkRrh>t'd.xD.M.pDR0g*hR rd.tDRM.uJx.D w>'d

AvgthjzhRA30AoD< 2010 23 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA April 30, 2010


th.'H.,geg=trJ&uR

'h.ngvgvDRA3oD<Ark>zDz;AAAAAAAAA
@
@
AAA•Ark>zDz;<A'h.ngvgvDRA3AoD<A2749AunDeH.A•A
AAAAAAAAAA
ubsH;yRA24AunDeH.A2749AAAAAAAAAA

ok;uhA7Ab.uDzdo.vXtuhRu'gb.'D;usdz;'d.
weHRtHRw>oh.ngb.vXySRb.uD
b.cJvXtlo.l x.'D;edRbdczH sX.vXmuhRu'guhR
vXmvHt*h>M.vDRIA
zJtylRuGmH r[guXmteHRySRb.uDb.
cJvXtlo.l x.vXttd.wD>[H.'l.A120'l.AySR
eD.*H>A785A*RtusguhRu'guhR0J'.A644A*RM.
vDRIAweHRtHRt0Joh.uuhRuGHmcJvXmzJtxk;
xD.w>tD.0HRtvD>cHM.vDRIA
ySRb.uDb.cJvXtuhRwz.u&XvX
trRpXRw>xH.bH.bH.pH.[h.rRpXR0Jw>tD.A3
vg*D>'D;wvgb.wvgySRb.uDb.cJwz.b.
[Jxk;xD.0JM.vDRIA
vXedRbdwuyRph>uD;[H.'l.vXt
Aw>*DR=KHRG

td.wD>A22'l.<A180*Rph>uD;weHRtHRuhRu'guhR
edRbdySRb.uDb.cJvXtuhRu'guhR uvXmuGmH 0Jt*h>ch.tJ.,l.z.t.uD>&h.cd.e>
ymzsg0JM.vDRI
unDyRS b.uDb.cJA2400Abs.J vXtl
uGRJ uvk>A•Avgcsv
H RD A3oD zdo.ydmcGg'D;t[H.zdCzD t d RH tylRuGmH ol.x.'D;edRbdr>h unDyRS b.uDb.cJvXz.t.
thjzRh A1<A2010 [JCh>td.zJtlol.x.'Ju0DR'D;zJvgzhR-bLRtg uD>&h.<Aw>}uJ>uD>q.vXtCh>xD.cDzsd'H>ch.
&HRtylRuhRu'guhRqlto0Dt*h>unDySRcGJ;,m bH.th.'D;y,DRok;tw>xD.'k;Ach.tJ.,l.ok;
ok;uhA7AySRb.uDb.cJzdo.ydmcGg u%l>ysDylRySReJ.w>pDRzd%SJApH;0JM.vDRIAunDySRcGJ; uh=7AzJA2009AeH.<Avg,lRtylRM.vDRIA
cH*RvXtuhRtd.u'guhRvXto0DvXuD>y,DR ,mu%l>vXtvJRxH.vdmo;'D;zdo.ydmcGgvX ySRb.uDb.cJwz.tHRb.w>qD.o
ylRwuyRusdz;'d.csHyd>xD.tCdw*RoHuGHm0J'D; w>qg[H.tHRpH;0JvXzdo.ydmcGgtHReD.xD.uhRt eH;tDRvXuD>uFD.wJ.ok;ySRb.rlb.'gvXuuhR
w*Rb.[Jx.D w>qg[H.zJu>D uF.D wJ.0h>rJq;D o;u,Du,D'D;w [gtHRw>uqSXtDRqlAw;A u'guhRqluD>y,DRwuyRb.q.ySRb.uD
M.vDRIA w>qg[H.t*h>M.vDRIA b.cJwcDysRH b.rh.yd>tCduRh wbl.b.M.vDRI
w>uJxD.o;tHRrh>ph>uD;0JzJunDySR pDRzd%SJpH;0J<?t0Joh.(ySRb.uDb.cJ) AuD>uFD.wJ.tw>qJ;qD.oeH;tzDcd.vXcHp;
b.uDb.cJv>D td.u'k'u J 0DRy}wdmcHzsX.vXt td.zJ,dRuD>emuhw>ol.zSo H ;nDwtd.b.IAt xD.weH.tHRvgzhR-bLRtg&HRvHRvHRySRb.uD
rh>tlo.l x.'D;edRbdvXttd.zJAw;uD>&h.<Axg 0Jo.h rh>uhRvXM.emuhb.ysRH rh.yd><AoemuhM. b.cJwz.uhRu'guhR0JM.vDRI
pD.,guD>q.b.w>qSXu'guhRt0Joh.'D;w t0Jo.h ymvDRo;vXu
eHRtHRt0Joh.cJvXmu[;xD.uGmH 0JM.vDRIA uhRu'guhRvDRI/
zJr[guXmvgrR%S;A31AoDteHR<Azd pDRzd%SJpH;0JvXo
o.ydmcGgApDR[JvX><A(utd.A10AeH.)'D;tyk> 0DzdvXtlol.x.weHRtHR
cGg<ApDR[l'gA(utd.6AeH.)(rh>AzgwH>wd>uGg'D;rk> uuhRvDRw*RpH;b.tDR
*>eD>0HRtzd)vXttd.zJr>J v;tgcHAxXM>0J'.usd vX<?rh.yd>'kyuhRvDR'ky
=79Atcsw H zsX.vXw>c;tDR'D;wyd>b.0HR*JRvdm b.ysHR<Aoemuhyub.
uGJwD>0J'D;tw>yd>xD.M>tDRM.vDRIApDR[l'goH wJ o ud ; w>'D ; o0D z d w >
uGHm0J'D;rhrh>pDR[JvX>w>[JpdmtDRqltlol.x. vD>vXyoh.ngvXrh.yd>
vXcHw>oh.ngb.vXw>qSXtDRqlrJqD;w>qg td.tvD>'D;ywvJRb.IA
[H.cDzsud nDyRS cG;J ,mu%l>tySRb.rlb.'g'D;ch. w>vD>vXywoh.ngvDR
tJ.,l.z.t.uD>&h.cd.e>tw>wJb.M. wH>b.wz.'kywvJRph>
vDRIA b.I/t*h>M.vDRIA pDR[JvX>vXtb.'d'D;usdz;'d.csHIAw>*DR=KHRG

AvgthjzhRA30AoD< 2010 24 AAAAAAAA April 30, 2010

You might also like