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Gif tEk&m
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bduK© eDomoem uG,af ysmuf
oGm;cJyh gonf/ ordik ;f rSww f rf;
rsm;t& r[m0dZ,Am[krif;
vufxuf (AC 1065-1125)
wGijf ynfyusL;ausmf0ifa&muf
rIrsm;? &[ef;oHCmawmfrsm;
tMum; edum,uGJjym;rIrsm;
ESihf bduK© eDrsm;\ pnf;urf;
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omoemudk vH;k 0 uG,af ysmuf
oG m ;apcJ h y gonf / ,if ; od k Y

66 v uFm w r ef r *¾ Z if ;
ax&0g'ordik ;f wGif bduK© eDw\ Ykd tcef;u@ aysmuf
qH;k oGm;NyD; ESpaf ygif; 700-ausmf 800-eD;yg; MumNyD;
aemufwiG rf S “'ooDvrmwm” [laom trnfjzifh
oD&v d uFm trsdK;orD; omoem0ifw\ Ykd tcef;u@
jyefvnfawmufy touf0ifvmcJyh gonf/
,aeYacwf oD&v d uFmEdik if w
H iG f oDv&Si0f wfpkH
rsm;onf jrefrmEdik if EH iS hf ta&mifrwlonft h jyif bduK©
eDomoemudv k nf; jyefvnfazmfxw k vf suf &Sad eMu&m
EdkifiHjcm;om;wpfOD;taejzifh oDv&SifESifh bdu©KeDudk
rnfuo hJ Ykd cGjJ cm;odEikd yf grnfenf;/ oD&v d uFmEdik if w
H iG f
vl0wfaMumifb0udk pGecYf mG aexdik o f rl sm;tm; “'ooD
vrmwm ” (Dasa sila Mata) rsm;[k ac:Muygonf/
jrefrmEdik if w H iG f oDv&Sirf sm; yef;a&mif? ocGg;a&mif?
tndKa&mifwu Ykd kd trsm;tm;jzifh 0wfavh&MdS uaomfvnf;
oD&v d uFmEdik if üH um; trsm;tm;jzifh eEGi;f 0ga&mif 0wf
Muygonf/ tcsdKUvnf; ouFe;f a&mif? eDnKd a&mifrsm;
0wfMuygonf/ rdrw d \Ykd OyZösm,fq&mrsm; 0wfonfh
twdik ;f vdu k 0f wfMu&jcif; jzpfygonf/ tcsdKUoDv&Sif
rsm; ouFe;f a&mifukd BudKufí0wfMuaomfvnf; bduK© eD

r[kwMf uyg/ bduK© eDrsm;\ ouFe;f rsm;onf &[ef;rsm;

uJoh yYkd if tqufaMumif;rsm;? cGaJ Mumif;?jzwfaMumif;rsm; ,aehacwfüum;
ygygonf/ ,if;onfyif t"dutcsuf jzpfygonf/ oDv&Sirf sm;onf
oD&dvuFmEdkifiHrS oDv&Sifrsm;onf jrefrm oD&v d uFmax&0g'Ak'o ¨ moem
oDv&Sirf sm;ESihf 0wfptkH a&mif rwlonft h wGuf tcsdKU tzGJYtpnf;MuD;\
jrefrmoHCmrsm;onf oDv&Sifrsm;udk bdu©KeDrsm;[k
txifrmS ;wwfMuygonf/ tcsKd Uqdv k sS if oD&vd uFmEdik if H tpdwftydkif;wpfckjzpfvmNyD;
wGif oDv&Sirf &S?d bduK© eDrsm;om&So d nf[yk if rSm;,Gi;f tpdk;&uyg
ajymqdrk w d wfMuygonf/ oD&v d uFmEdik if wH iG f bduK© eD taxmuftyHUay;aeNyD
rsm; &Syd gonf/ odaYk omf oDv&Siu f trsm;pk?bduK© eDu
tenf;pkom jzpfygonf/ ax&0g' bduK© eDomoem
jzpfygonf
tqufjywfoGm;NyD;aemufydkif;rS r[m,meEdkifiHrsm;rS

v uFm w r ef r *¾ Z if ; 67
 pnf;urf;rsm;oifay;um uRef;tESYH oDv&Sif
ausmif;rsm; cGJí xlaxmifapcJhygonf/
a':ok"r®pm&D\ oDv?orm"d?ynmESihf jynfh
pHrk ?I omoemjyKpGr;f &nf tjynft h 0 &Srd w I Ykd
aMumifh oDv&Sifomoemopfonf oD&d
vuFmEdik if üH atmifjrifpmG tajccscEhJ ikd yf gawmh
onf/ odaYk omfvnf; 1983-ckEpS f rwdik rf D
txd oDv&Sirf sm; OD;pm;ay; rcHcMhJ u&yg/
tpd;k &onfyif oDv&Sirf sm;tm; rnfonfh
axmufyHhrIrSsrjyKcJhyg/ q,fyg;oDv apmifh
xde;f NyD; t0ga&mif0wfpkH 0wfqifxm;aomf
vnf; oDv&Sifrsm;tm; vl0wfaMumifrsm;
ESiw hf ef; wlxm;csifcMhJ uonf/ odjYk zpfívnf;
oDv&Sirf sm;aeaomae&mudk Upasikaramaya
(Oygodum&mr,)[k ac:cJhMujcif; jzpfyg
onf/
wpfqifh jyef0ifvm&um; 0de,"&? "r®"& &[ef; ,aeYacwfüum; oDv&Sirf sm;onf oD&d
trsm;pku vufrcHcsifMuyg/ xdkYaMumifh bdu©KeD vuFmax&0g' Ak'¨omoem tzGJUtpnf;
omoemonf oD&v d uFmEdik if üH w&m;0iftm;jzifh MuD;\ tpdwt f ydik ;f wpfck jzpfvmNyD; tpd;k &
um; jzpfrvmao;yg/ vGwv f yfciG &hf adS om Edik if üH uyg taxmuftyHhay;aeNyD jzpfygonf/
rdrwd EYkd pS of ufí 0wfaeMuonfh oabmrSsavmuf touf (55) ESpt f xuf udv k bH okd v D &Sif
om &Syd gonf/ wpfyg;vSsif &ly;D 400? e,fov D &Siw f pfyg;
oD&v d uFm oDv&Sio f rdik ;f udk ajc&maumuf vSsif &lyD; 150 vpOf axmufyHhygonf/
Munf&h rnfqv kd sS if uE´ND rKd UrS ynmwwf? aMu;&wwf txl;tm;jzifo h r®w (a[mif;) Premadasa
trsdK;orD;wpfOD;jzpfol (uufovpfbmom0ifrS vufxufwiG f oDv&Sirf sm;tm; bufaygif;pHk
¨ m om0ifjzpfvmol) Mary Katherine de Alwis
Ak'b rS taxmuftyHrh sm;pGm ay;cJyh gonf/ ynm
onf oD&v d uFmEdik if o H Ykd pG,af wmfz;l &ef a&muf&v dS m a&; yHyh ;kd ay;rIrsm;? taqmufttHk tm&m
aom jrefrmoDv&Sirf sm;ESit hf wl jrefrmEdik if o H Ykd vdu k f r,aqmufvyk f vSL'gef;rIrsm;? uGezf &ifph rf sm;
ygoGm;um "r®EiS hf 0de,udk (11)ESpMf um oif,Nl yD; rSwpfqifh todÓmPfw;kd yGm;aprIrsm; ponf
q,fyg;oDv apmifx h ed ;f aom oDv&Sijf zpfvmcJyh g jzifh oDv&Sirf sm; tusdK;pD;yGm;twGuf us,f
onf/ bGUJ trnfrmS a':ok"r®pm&D jzpfygonf/ xdYk us,fjyefjY yefaY qmif &Guaf y;cJyh gonf/ oDv
aemuf 1903- ckEpS w f iG f oD&v d uFmEdik if o H Ykd jrefrm &Sifrsm;bufrSvnf; 0denf;pnf;urf;rsm;udk
oDv&Sit f csdKUESit hf wl jyefvmNyD; Kandy NrdKUü Lady wif;wif;MuyfMuyfvu kd ef mNyD; rdrwd jYkd ynfph &kH
Blake Upasikaramaya trnf&dS ausmif;wdu k if ,f rnfh t&nftcsif;rsm;tm; MudK;pm;jznfh
av;udk pwif wnfaxmifcyhJ gonf/ ,if;onfyif qnf;um we*FaEG ausmif;rsm;ürsKd ;qufopf
vSsif ,aeYacwf oD&v d uFmEdik if üH “'ooDvrmwm uav;i,frsm;tm; bmoma&;todÓmPf
rsm;”[k ac:a0:aeMuaomoDv&Sirf sm;\ tpjzpfyg MuG,0f atmif oifMum;ay;jcif;?tpd;k &pmoif
onf/ xdkYaemuf oDv&Sif0wfcsifMuolrsm;tm; ausmif;rsm;ü Buddhism ESihf Buddhist Cul-
jrefrmoDv&Sirf sm;\tultnDjzifh 0wfay;? 0denf; ture bmom&yfrsm;ü q&mrrsm; tjzpf

68 v uFm w r ef r *¾ Z if ;
 ydcYk say;jcif;wdaYk Mumifh oDv&Sio f moem oufEpS (f 100)pGe;f ½Hak v;rQESihf
þrSsavmuft&dak oav;pm;cHae&modYk a&mufatmifvrS ;f Edik cf MhJ ujcif;
oDv&Sifrsm;tay: jzpfygonf/
oDv&Sirf sm;onf vpOf'pd Mwdwf tpnf;ta0;ESihf oH;k v
½dkaoav;pm;rIwGif wpfMudrf wpfuRef;vH;k tpnf;ta0;rsm;usif;yMuygonf/ ,if;tpnf;
jrefrmEdkifiHxuf ta0;rsm;wGif trsdK;? bmom? omoemESihf pyfvsOf;í rdrw d Ykd tzGUJ \
oD&dvuFmEdkifiHu omygonf/ vkyaf qmifatmifjrifrrI sm;? tBuHtpnfrsm;? tcuftcJrsm;? jzpfcsif
bwfpu f m;rsm;ü onfrsm;udk wifjyEdik Mf uygonf/ wpfO;D ESiw hf pfO;D em;vnfciG v hf wT f
wwfr?I tjyeftvSef &dak oav;pm;rI? tzGUJ tpnf;tvdu k f tusdK;&Sd
nmbufa&Sq Y Hk;cHkwef;onf atmif aqmif&u G Ef ikd rf rI sm; wd;k yGm;aponfh pepfaumif;wpfck jzpfyg
&[ef;oHCm?ov D &Sirf sm;twGuf onf/ xdjYk yif csdKUwJah om oDv&Siaf usmif;rsm;xJrS wpfausmif;udk
jzpfygonf/ wpfuRef;vH;k tpnf;ta0;wGif ESppf OfrEJ u dI af &G;cs,fum &ly;D 5000
,if;cHkrsm; jynfUoGm;vSsifvnf; vSL'gef;ygonf/ rjynfph akH om *dvmeoDv&Sirf sm;twGuf tultnD
oDv&Sirf sm;wufvmonfukd ay;rIrsm;? csKd UwJah omoDv&Sirf sm;\ tcuftcJrsm;udv k nf; þtpnf;
ta0;rsm;rS wm0ef,lajz&Sif; vSL'gef;ay;Muygonf/
jrifonfESifhyif oD&v d uFmEdik if o H Ykd bduK© eDomoem pwif a&muf&v dS monfh
tjcm;c&D;oGm;rsm;rS txdr;f trSwjf zifh oHCrdwmå ax&DaeYukd ESppf Of Uduvap Poya Day
tvdkufwod wav;wpm; (ewfawmfvjynfah eY)ü usif;yMuygonf/ ,if;aeYwiG f wpfuRef;vH;k &Sd
ae&mxay;Muygonf oDv&Sirf sm;onf tEk&m"yl&NrdKUodYk oGm;a&mufpak 0;um qGr;f avmif;
yGrJ sm;? pDwef;vSnv hf nfyrJG sm;? "r®uAsm&Gwq f kd ylaZmfjcif;rsm; jyKvkyf
Muygonf/ rdrw d qYkd ikd &f m 'dpMwdwNf rdKUe,frsm;üvnf; jyKvkyMf uygonf/

v uFm w r ef r *¾ Z if ; 69
 vpOf Oykoaf v;ywfwikd ;f ESpu f syd &f pS qf l Ak'y¨ al Zmf taygif;tm; oifah vsmaf omw&m;awmfrsm; a[m
yGrJ sm;udk rdrw d aYkd e&m ausmif;rsm;üjyKvkyyf al Zmf Mum;ay;&jcif;? pmayoifMum;aeMu olrsm;tzdYk
Muygonf/ vjynfah eYwikd ;f rdrw d aYkd usmif;rsm;ü pmwuf? pmtH&jcif;? w&m;ra[m wwfao;ol
eHeuf (6)em&DrS nae (6)em&Dtxd a&mufvmol rsm;tzdYk w&m;a[musif&h jcif; ponfjzifh rdrw d Ykd
Oykofonfrsm;tm; tcsdefZ,m;jzifh w&m;em usifah qmifz, G u
f pd rö sm;udk eHeuf (4)em&DrS n
jcif;? w&m;xdik jf cif;? w&m;aqG;aEG;jcif;? Ak'y¨ Zl m (10)em&Dx;kd onftxd tcsderf jzKef;&bJ pdwyf g
jyKjcif;? y&dwpf onf &Gwjf cif;rsm;udk jyKvkyaf p vufyg aqmif&u G Mf u&ygonf/ 'um? 'umr
Muygonf/ þEdkifiHwGif ukodkvfaumif;rIrsm; rsm; tMunfnKd ysufaprnhf tjyKtrl? tajym
jyKvkyEf ikd af p&ef[al om &nf&, G cf sufjzifh vjynfh tqdrk sm;udk txl;yifowdxm;í a&Smif&mS ;Mu&
aeYrsm;udk &H;k ydw&f uftjzpf w&m;0ifowfrw S f ygonf/
xm;ygonf/ xdaYk Mumifh 'um? 'umrrsm;onf oDv&Sirf sm;tay: ½dak oav;pm;rIwiG f
eHeuf (5)em&DcefaY vmufrS pí rdrw d tYkd vd&k &dS m jrefrmEdik if x
H uf oD&v d uFmEdik if u H omygonf/
ausmif;rsm;odkYoGm;um wpf bwfpfum;rsm;ü nmbuf
aeukeaf eí Oykoo f w D if;rsm; a&SUqHk;cHkwef;onf &[ef;
aqmufwnfMuygonf/ rnf oHCm? oDv&Sirf sm;twGuf
onfx h rif;csKd ifrh ,
S al qmifvm jzpfygonf/ ,if;cHrk sm; jynfh
&ef rvdyk g/ t&kPq f rG ;f ? aeY oGm;vSsifvnf; oDv&Sirf sm;
qGr;f qdik &f m tvSL&Sirf sm;&SNd yD; wufvmonfukd jrifonfEiS hf
jzpfygonf/ rnfonfh t0wf yif tjcm;c&D ; oG m ;rsm;rS
tpm;rSvnf;a&G;cs,0f wfqif tvdkufwod wav;wpm;
ae&ef rvdyk g/ bmoma&;yGJ ae&mxay;Muygonf/ oDv
vrf;rsm;ü txuf?atmuf &Sirf sm; rwfwyf&yfp;D &onf
tjzLa&mif0wfprkH sm;om 0wf [lí r&Sdyg/ Ak'¨bmomudk
qifMuNrJjzpfygonf/ oDv&Sif touf w rS s wef z d k ; xm;Mu
rsm;rSvnf; teD;uyfpnf;urf; aom oD&dvuFmEdkifiHwGif
rsm; Muyfrwfum Oykoo f nf oDv&Sifrsm;udk &[ef;awmf
rsm;tm; wpfaeYwm tcsdeu f kd rsm;ESihf wef;wlyifae&mxm;
tusdK;&SdpGm ukefqHk;apMuyg NyD; yifzh w
d vf LS 'gef;avh &SMd u
onf/ ygonf/ &[ef;rsm;uJhodkYyif y&dwf&Gwfjcif;?
Colombo (9)? Ke-tawalamulla Lane w&m;a[mjcif;? a&pufcsjcif;rsm;vnf; jyKvkyf
wGif wnf &Sad om Dhammawathie Ara-maya Mu&ygonf/ oDv&Sirf sm; qefcx H uG &f jcif;? aps;
\ em,uq&mMuD; SUJEEVA (B.Aç Kelaniya)\ 0,f xGu&f jcif;rsm; r&SMd uyg/'um? 'umrrsm;rS
ajymjycsufrsm;t& oD&v d uFm oDv&Sirf sm;tzdYk t½kPq f rG ;f ? aeYqrG ;f rsm; csuyf MYkd uygonf/ tcsKd U
Ak'y¨ Zl mrsm;? ausmif;wdu
k f a0,sm0pörsm; jyK&jcif;? vnf; 3? 4 &ufwpfMudrf [if;oD;[if;&Gurf sm;
wpfaeYEpS Bf udrf a&'D,rkd S xkwv f iT ahf om w&m; vma&muf vSL'gef;Muygonf/
awmfrsm;emMum;&jcif;? oDv&Sirf sm; tcsif; csif; jrefrmEdkifiHESifhpmvQif oD&dvuFmEdkifiH
w&m;aqG;aEG;&jcif;? wpfyg;rSw&m;pm zwf jyí wGif oDv&Sita&twGurf mS tvGeu f ekd nf;yg;
useforl sm;uem,l&jcif;? w&m;bm0emyGm;rsm;& ygonf/ 2001-ckEpS f rSww f rf;rsm;t& wpfuRe;f
jcif;? ausmif;odaYk &muf&v dS maom 'um? 'umr vHk;wGif ausmif;aygif; (756)? oDv&Sifaygif;

70 v uFm w r ef r *¾ Z if ;
(2770) &Syd gonf/ rsm;aomtm;jzifh ausmif; wpf
ausmif;vSsif oDv&Siw f pfyg;? ESpyf g;cefo Y m &Syd gonf/ oDv&Sirf sm;onf rdrwd \ hkd trsKd ;?bmom?omoem
NrdKUawmf Colombo üyif ausmif;BuD;wpfausmif;vQif
oDv&Sif3? 4yg;om &Sdygonf/ pmoifwdkufrsdK;ü wdk;wufBuD;yGm;ap&ef &nfoefvsuf avmuD?
yif oDv&Sif 15 yg;cefYavmufom &Sdygonf/ xdkY avmukwå&mESpfjzm jynfUpHkatmif BudK;pm;jznfU
aMumifv h nf; 'um? 'umrrsm;taejzifh oDv&Sirf sm; qnf;um omoemjyKaeMuolrsm;jzpfMuí tvGef
\ pm;0wfaea&;udk vHkavmufatmif vSL'gef; yifEpS o
f ufMunfnKd ryd gonf
axmufyEhH ikd Mf uygonf/ oDv&Sit f rsm;pkonf ouf
owfvGwfom pm;Muygonf/ tom;pm;olrsm;
onfvnf; ig;avmufomvSsif pm;Muygonf/ Muuf ed*;kH csKyftm;jzifq h &kd ygrl oD&v d uFm oDv
om;? 0ufom;? MuufO ponfrsm;tm; rpm;Mu &Sirf sm;onf rdrw d \Ykd trsdK;? bmom? omoem
oavmufyif jzpfygonf/ wdk;wufBuD;yGm;ap&ef&nfoefvsuf avmuD?
oD&dvuFmEdkifiHwGif &[ef; avmukwå&m ESpfjzmjynfh
wpfyg;jzpfzYkd cJ,Of;ovdk oDv pHak tmif BudK;pm;jznfq h nf;
&Siw f pfyg;jzpfz&Ykd ef tvGeyf if um omoemjyKaeMuol
cJ,Of;ygonf/ tvG,w f ul rsm; jzpfMuítvGeyf if ESpf
vnf; 0wfray;Muyg/ tkyf ouf MunfndKrdygonf/
xde;f olu, kd wf ikd f vma&muf oDv&Sirf sm; ypön;f av;yg;
tyfE&HS onft h jyiftcsed tf wef twGuf aMumifMh urIuif;
Mumonftxdvnf; apmifh pGmjzifhqdkif&mvrf;aMumif;
MunfhMuao;onf/ jrefrm ajzmifah jzmifh avQmufvrS ;f
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"avhvnf; r&Syd g/ xH;k pHtm; tyfonfrsm; jznfhqnf;
jzifh touf (16)ESpf rjynfh ay;Muaom &J&Jawmuf
ao;olrsm;ESihf (65)ESpf ausmf bmom aoG;ydik &f iS f 'um?
oGm;olrsm; oDv&Sif0wfcGifh 'umrrsm;ESifh tpdk;&tzGJY
r&Syd g/ oDv&Sirf jzpfrD t0wf tpnf;tm;vnf; csD;usL;
jzL0wfum ausmif;wdkufü av;pm;rdygonf/ ax&
(2)ESpcf efY tajccHpmrsm;oif 0g' Ak'o ¨ moemawmfBuD;
Mum;? bm0emyGm;Ny;D a0,sm0pörsm;vkyí f ae&ygonf/ wnf&adS eoa&GU umvywfv;kH oDv&Sif omoem
tpd;k &xH avQmuf vTmwif&ygonf/ tpd;k &rSppd pfí vnf ; t"G e f Y & S n f w nf w ef Y a eap&ef qk r G e f
cGijhf yKcsufcsNyD; aemuf (2) ESpjf ynfah omtcg rdrd aumif;awmif;vdu k yf g onf/ oD&v d uFmEdik if zH mG ;
udk,fwdkifvnf; oDv&Sif0wfcsifpdwf&Sdao;vSsif? t|uxmtrsm;pk u d k q|oH * g,emwif N yD ;
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oDv&Si0f wfay;ygonf/ (,cktcg tcsed t f enf;i,f oifMum;cJ&h onfh rdrw d t Ykd aejzifv h nf; aus;Zl;
avQmv h mMuNyjD zpfaMumif; q&mBuD; Sujeeva u qdyk g a<u;rsm;pGm wif&SdaeonfhteufrS ax&0g'
onf/) xdaYk emufrS omoem0if rSwyf w kH ifjyKvky&f yg omoem udik ;f wufwpfcu k kd oD&v d uFmajray:
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Muygonf/ xGufoGm;vSsifvnf; ywf0ef;usifvlY ta<u;wpfck qyfciG &hf vdu k of nft h wGuf txl;
abmiftodik ;f t0dik ;f ü tvGerf suEf mS i,fMu&ygonf/ yif*P k ,f 0l rf;ajrmuf auseyfyw D d jzpfryd gawmh
tjypfwpfck usL;vGerf cd o hJ uJo h yYkd if t&dyx f ;kd cHMu onf/
&ygonf/ rwd u © Ó mPD

v uFm w r ef r *¾ Z if ; 71