kfWrDl

()

zfct rfmDl IfpD

iajfwbfq

lfWqfk zdIn, zft-mfumfzfr

dib bQ 11952, sif} h 102
nlD zfvh
sIfb } 06 4323949 IAf } 06 4311996

kfWrDl

im
a fBiD W nQsjk-idvdydk
jc} = zft jcvzfb (nCvf W zfqfk bQ)
zf} uf} = zfrjfmct ufbfsqp, zffmf zfthfbD
zf} du} = zftfmct du.
zf} kf} = zft zfjDlfr zfkX kfrfdhqAfr
zf} lf} = ncbfb zfhc lfl (rflDn bQ)
zf} mf} = zftfmct mftfsqjfr
zf} dn} = zfnfrnX dnqfv
j} = zft jtDl, wfbjDkD
} mf} = ncbfb hsb mfufr (rflDn bQ)
} wf} = mcnffI hsb zfhD wfhfr
dj} } = djkfhct mfb, hsb kfdmqAfr
dj} jc} = zft-djqfmfkct jchvf, mv zft-zfwjfv
dj} nc} = zft-djqfmfkcn ncovf
sjf} w} = jcvzfb wvDI (zbchfl), mWtfbf smfhfvj jvDm uWrv
k} } jf} = kInDv hsb jfnDv
k} mf} = kInDvct mfbfv
k} nf} = kInDv nf'lD
kf} } = kfjdhqfkct mfb, wfr nmft wrDl
kfW} = zfkX kfWqfnnct, mcrfsn zfthfbD
kf} dm} = kfmfmct dmfr, wfqJ zfthfbD
kf} nf} = kfrpDvn nfsul,
dk} = ncbfb dkvdmpD (rflDn bQ)
skf} mf} = skfrIfkct mfWlcl, hbct jfsqAm
l} hc} = zft-ltDt zt-hcvrfb, hsb kfdmqAfr
lf} b} = lftfsqtcb bhcWqfr
lc} m} = lcvGt mbnCv, ncqckD

kfWrDl

bf} = ncbfb bfnf (rflDn bQ)

I} } hf} = Iskfqf hsb hfp
I} } kf} = Iskfqf hsb kfdmqAfr
I} } = Iskfqf hsb nfmDb
hf} = ncbfb hfrfjD
dh} db} = zft dhlfqfr zb dbrfqfr, hsb jfnDv
hc} = nrDr hcJfvD (rflDn bQ)
sh} } = zft-shtf zt lf
mf} h} = mfuffkct hnct ntfdmqAfr
mf} pf} = mfumfp pfWqfsqp
dm} = dmwjfk (rflDn bQ)
mc} = nrDr mcndtm (rflDn bQ)
mc} zf} = mcnbfsl zfrmfl
mc} mf} t} = mc'ufmct mfbfrD zft-tfIpDqAfr, hjv zfhc pfql
mcqf} = mcqff mfm mfstj
pf} mf} = pflct mfzfl, hbct jfsqAm
pf} mf} = pflct mfnDv, hbct uWpD
v} mf} = vIt mftfm, hsb kfdmqAfr
w} kf} = wvsr kfrfdhqAfr
w} b} = wfvb bWhD (nrDr mcndtm)
wf} mc} = wfmfsqst mcrfmfdlqAfr, dkvdmpD
n} uf} = nrDt ufsm', zffmf zfthfbD
n} kf} = nIWqfkck kfIfnDv
dn} n} = dntdntfkct zfrflDn zfn-nrDrfr, mcrfsn zfthfbD
nD} } dr} = nDvfsk hsb drwfm
rf} = mcflvfjct rfsjm

kfWrDl

wfqJct rflDn mcrkfvfm mWtfbf zfcv vI wfmDm nfsrshv

z
zddH
Hmmk
k
rfsmlfb Wqf mcnfdqfb. zfmf hf'l.
mrfb zffrv znDm jvBfq hYsv vfmfpfbct mchfvfsjv zhjfsw `mvfr'
nIv jvfv snZHfoA tfH jdv. `mvfr' nmfLf jsv snrHfub zfct rfmDl
mflfbDv hkGmfb iahfnD wrv nlD zfvshv zok
G zft-mfumfzfr ipG
(mlDbf sKsj iafq 620 dj dm.) si]ZYfsbfv iaqfn iaf r. 12/13de dlb
idvjfv-idvY W msbfvm wrvdesk zhfb jvf jfst h[AmfB hJfdbv
ifcdtdi isV slJfv ncspfo Ose.
mfb rsY ntfsmv mCt jKf. pk[B mfb dhwc bf rsh, kk[B sjfb
zfmt oxrDk rsh bf. zfv mfsbv mCt h rsY- `kfWrDl'. kfWrDslv zKG,
mrfb zffrsj jj, zbcim, wvDj W nDrDb hst rlq-msb dhwfn jvf.
zffr nisjG ndEj LfvBf nfsvv mr{ sswA hQ kfWrDslv idviD LfvBf
W dhwfsnv mCstf{ifeb jsi hJfdb snrHfub zfct rfmDl mflfbD h wam
Djfv jsv vybf jsvsY. hdesk jibf-ianCk sjfb jKf fb ifq db. hvQ
stJj rflDn, jcvzfb, kInDv W h HfNAoa mb jvk} hdesj nfhtDt jsv
siw jvsk iaqfn sisqsY.
hdesj lc'de zLAfsq Hfo jvf rsqsY. iaKm zLAfsq mfb hf kfWrDslv dhdH
dlj dbsq ncdhk
x zfstfybf jvf rsqsY. dkDq zLAfsq mfb W kfWrDslv
idviD dhNqdtsj nciHfsh hBGbf jvk} dhNqdev iCBfG vi Icdesq skftf
rsqsY.
Lvsbv h zfvhD W lcG HfNfsk idvtd[k rstW hfQtf HfNfq Lvsbv
h dhvt htstW zkcAd rsh bf. hfQtf HfNfHfND njt mcndtm bvbfvDv dbdms
hJfdb spmb nQoar jvf hfbDq, skmdb hde oHDv msbfdbshw nrjfsv ifE

kfWrDl

jvk} dhNqhdtv iadk hAhrfdvj uDhsb pkhfb rWqfW Jch iasqfub hst
msb jdv. hde db}nslsr hDq mcndtmslv iadk j zbcim irfv. kfvf
hfQtfv iaskAjde Hf W shfb ijxk srfb. msb-iafsB zfdm jfmbf W iafKGbf
jdv. zf-mDb.

vybffb}

zft-mfumfzfr, (nlD zfvh)

kfQ- 2vf wWqft 1414 druvD
mckfdhj 14/3/1994 Jxf

dhbDk

zfcv vI wfmDm
nlv mclfdvGn,
ufsmzf mdrNfFrvD, hDvHCm

vvvv j
jKKff

: ( . " #" *) ('& +

, - . - /

ixdKhDv nhGswN, swa W nkA LmG zffrv LmG, ntfm. pfv mmGmCt kfWrDl hf
jkhfl. kfWrDslv zdkwq mfrfkA W vk vsqsY. spmb}kfWrDl Dsbv dHd, wvDqskv mCt nC, ntfsmv zfnt hcdbqfl.
1.
pf bf rst ntfsmv sjfb hflk hf zfmt iadkdk hf oxrDk rsk ifsv bf.

(jc} 25/23)

mfbh-lfbh kKf dhw nxdv mCt t[A W swA rt kfWrDl

2.
iadkfjvB. lfnk, zfbcokA W hflskv nfsK nxdjkGf zffrv iadk mcJfsi[D
rWqf. k]fv dbje zfknmiGB jvf hQ k]fv siadvk uDhb-nQdhLfsbv iadk Lfvfv
zbchkGD rWqf. (jc} 51/56)
3.
pcso-pcso bhD-vnCt siadvk rsqsYb; p]fslv iaKm W iaLfb idh vHfv
hQ k]fslv dvnftk W bhczskv yfdh dYt kfWrDl iayfv. iaskAj bhD k]fv
dbu jWm hf sofsv jfsY j jKf hA jsvsYb, j zfbcoskAv zfslw
jsvsYb hst sp, jmf zffrv hflk jv. dkdb YfVf skfmfslv ubA
zfv sjfb ndkAjfv mf'hCl, tfr hf ifnA sb. (nCvf rCl)
4.
ntfsmv mCtm jfstmf- kfWrDl `tf tfrf ffr' nshGf{jx
jfstmf, pfv fvf zffrv dpjXv W bofb jvf rq, nhGswa lczf, pfv fvf k]fsj
Ffjf rq hQ k]fv zbcora iafKGbf jvf rq, pfv fvf nhGfdLj shwD nWqfh W icBA
zuGb jvf pfq. pf zffrv dbje hxrm. hflk W zfbcoskAv mDpfsb (drnfshv
dlb zffrv mfbls) n ooB W n LvBD hQ zffr hAkDk Hsqv zdLhfnD
zsi[fW zdLj HfvD. (rf} 1/528) pf nhGswa kfWrDl, LmGjcdjf hQ
dmfskv wDNG. sp hAd m Jtfn W qfjDsbv (dh iakAsqv) nfsK ifE

kfWrDl

jvsh hQ kfv lfhD zbcpfqD jmG jvsh W kfv iv iadkdk Kfjsh, sn rsh
zffrv diqfvf iajk
x mcndtm hQ Hq jfst dnmsbfvK W nIt mfbcN. (hc}

128, mc} 27, dk} 2638 bQ)

5.
kfWrDl swakm zfmt. Dsbv iafvH W idvswN, imdBjf W
inQrfv, zmfG LcpG W hdrvfHvB. pf bf rst mfbshv mfbhkf, zflwG, nHAkf,
nQxdk W nlfyfvfdl iafBrDb z}nfvwCbA sKsj pfq.
6.
dwjG hf zQwDhfdlkf kKf kfWrDl-sfdrkf zmfuGbDq hxrm zivfL
hQ dbjxkm mrfifi. pfv l, nhGdhL n{jfpG dhbfw hQ zbjft slfpJhfn.

(jc} 39/65, 5/72)

7.
dwjG spmb icBA-dhbfwD skmdb kfWrDl ifi-dhbfwD W jtcN
JftbjfvD. (mc} 2677, dk} 3540 bQ, mczf} 5/147)
8.
kfWrDl dbhGfyb jsv, sj mcdmb W snZHfoAhfb dyv Yf-ncsJv
shsrsv zdLhfnD hQ sj jfsIv W lcHfG oAhfb dyv lc}J-sjswv slfpsJv
zdLhfnD.
kf skf mcndtsmv nhGiaKm Wqfsuh kfWrDlsj ufbf W sybf. nhGfsoa
kfWrDslv nfsK idvdyk rsq ksh zbA mqlfsb bfmf. ntfmD vf vybf, ntfmD
ldhdL W nQdhLfb iadkfjvB, rfvfm hf dbdN hnmCr rsk nQpmb, Wqfsuh
hf zfhdwAj jmG-jkGhA iftb iaHdx k kfWrDslv zdLjfv W lfhDv idviCvj hQ
zbchkGD. mcJA W mCstv iadk s[i bf jsv soZB W zbchkGD dhNsq msbfdbshw jvf
zhwA mfvfkj Hct. zfrhfqj W zfrCk Hsqv msb kfWrDl nhGfsoa
hmCt rWqf dyk. v zfstfsj iaskAj mcndtsmv iK ytf zidvrfpG jkGhA.
iK zfdqfv (zf}) iK. mfoG sjAv mfoG. wkLf-dhdY hhflD
nmfsuv mfsU nQrdk iadkf jvfv ef jmf zhtb. jkhfslv mCt-m
jkfv mCt jfvB. dY mftfv iaskAj lfbfsj js o]fKfv zdkDq spfonC
ef.
kfWrDl-jfstmf `tf tfrf ffr'. ifnA hf tfsrv kfWrDl- zffrsj
jj mfbf, dmfskv kfWrDl- jmf zffrv ifnbf W zfbcoskA jkfh
rsq dhdYkfrDb nmfu oVf. zflwG zbcnk
x W iK-ialwGsjv kfWrDl- rpvk
mcrfmfl -sj swN bhD W vnCtvsi mfbf. {n W idkv kfWrDl- jcvzfb
W nrDr ncfrv zbcnvB jvf. kvDjf, mk W isKv kfWrDl- nfrfhfsq sjvfm
-osBv isK ytf. ufmfzfk hf lstv kfWrDl- rjiD j mfm hf zfmDsvv
zfbcoskA jdk rWqf.
pfhkDq kfWrDl iadkdk W ifdtk rst r-ivjfstv nhGdhL jtAfsBv
zfwf jvf pfsh.
kfWrDslv zKG zsbsj zfQdwjHfsh oarB jsv hQ sjht kkecjc zsv
fb dlsq Kfsj, pf mfsbv ubA psK bq. zffr nh djYcv nxdjkGf, iftbjkGf,
vpDlfkf, jmf mfdtj, zfblfkf, dhLfblfkf, jcmjkGf W nfhGsHZm wfnj.
nsh k]fv sjfb zQwD sb. sjht kecjc Djfv jvst sj kfWrDlhflD
mcndtm rq bf. hvQ nshv nfsK jKfW DjfpG sp, njt iajfv hflk,

kfWrDl

ifnbf W zfvfLbfv mfdtj sjht dkdb. kfsk sj k]fv wvDj sb hQ sp

nm sB dkdb Bfdhk kfsk k]fv sjfbW zQwD sb, sjfb imf sb.
kf khV iasqfubDqkf W vskv iadk sJqft jsv `ecefIcef' HfNfq
icdjfv zhkfvBf jsvdY. sk sdJk nm zfjDlfr, dhwfn W mk djkfh W
nrDr ncfr hQ zfrst ncfrv oBAmfbA tfmfsq sjvfmslv vybfhtD sKsj
ndk W nQoxrDk. nfLAfbcpfqD iafq fsb xdk W rfWqftf slWqf rsqsY.
zdLjfQw fsb zfqfk W rflDn bvsj hdBGk dhNsqv ltDtvi dk jvf
rsqsY. de-dhycAdk Oef mfbcsNv fHfdhj. fbDslv dbje sKsj bnDrskv
zfshlb vfdJ. nfmfbA wasmv iv zffrv dbje hV zbcora W nWqfshv zfwf
vfdJ. zfwf jdv nmfu sk ijxk rsh. zfv ifEjslv dbje zfwf vfdJ lczfv.
zffr zfmfslv njtsj, mcndtm nmfusj n{ W nkA iK ialwGb jsvb hQ
ztDj, f W zmCtj dhwfn, mk W iK sKsj nclCsv vfJcb. zfmDb.
zft-mfumfzfr
nlD zfvh

zfct rfmDl
7 vmpfb, 1414dr}

mmr
rffbb z
zffffr
r
dhwft uoskv dpdb nxdjkGf dkdb zffr. dkdb jj, zdkDq. dkdb
nmoa nxd-uoskv jmf iadkiftj, zdLjkGf, zlfkf, uDhblfkf, mxkcAlfkf,
mtlfkf, dhifvB, dhisl hflfv zfjct zfshlb wahBjfvD. dkdb iafjxdkj
dbqsmv dbqfmj. nxduosk pf oEsb zfsn kfv nQoEj, pf Oeb-zOeb Ose kfv
nQOej dkdb. dkdb dhLfkf, fBjkGf, v[fjkGf. k]fv dsk dlhfvfd rq,
uo{ yst. nfhGsHZm jkGk
x k]fv. nsh k]fv sjfb wvDj sb. dkdb hAkDk
sj zfjfwmtD W ixdKhDsk zBc-idvmfB djYcv mfdtj bq hQ sk jfsvf
sjfb zQwW sb hQ sj zffrv jfsu nfrfpAjfvDW bq. (jc} 34/22)
zffr jj ifnA. lcAstfsj-HCstfsj dkdb YfVf zfv sjfb ndkAjfsvv mfhCl
W ifnbfv spfoA sb. dkdb pfhkDq ifnbf W hflskv zdLjfvD. dkdb
wcLcmf k]fv hflskv ubA mfbh-lfbh nxd jsvsYb. (jc} 51/56) hflsk
k]fv sj sjfb iajfsvv zQwD sb. (jc} 6/162) jKfv isv dkdb njt
zfdqf W vnCtoBsj siadvk jsvsYb. zfv v ubA iaskAj vnCt W bhD (zf})

kfWrDl

dbu dbu mskv kvI sKsj jk wk j sisqsYb. jk tVf-pc shsLsY

v ubA. zkh hflfv uDhb, mvB, nvB, Hq, Hfstfhfnf, zfwf, Hvnf,
zfshlb, iafKGbf, ifnbf, zfvfLbf pfhkDq -iaje hflk wcLc zffrv ubA
rsk rsh. kfv msLA nfmfbA djYcskW k]fv wvDj fib jvf hflfv uctcm rsh;
pdlW sn sjfb bhD-vnCt hf dIdvfsj wvDj jsv Kfsj. zbAfbA nxdv wvDj skf
zsbj lCsvv jKf.
zffrv k]fv dbu BfhtDskW dkdb jj. k]fv sjfb sB sj zQwDlfv sb,
imf sb, lxf sb. mcndtm zffr kfzftfv znQJA mdrmfdhk bfmfhtD (1)
W mrm BfhtDv iv mfb zfsb; sp nm bfm W B jcvzfb jfvDm W nrDr
rflDsn hdBGk rsqsY kf zdhjxk zhfq mfsb, kfv sjfb idvhkGb-idvhLGb W
zihAfJAf jsv bf, jsv bf kfv sjfb iajfv vi hf zfjxdk hBGbf. bf jfsvf nfsK
imf hf lfrvB slq. zfv bf- k]fsj BrDb hf jmGrDb msb jsv. hvQ spmb
hdBGk rsqsY dEj sn zsKG kfv iadk mfb vfsJ. spmb sn njt bfm W
BfhtDv iadkW mfb vfsJ, sp njt bfm W BfhtDv jKf djkfh W ncfrsk
hdBGk rq db; pfv fb sjht zffrv dbje zfsY. zKhf dkdb sjfb dIdvf hf
zbA sjfb nxdsj ufdbsqsYb. (mc}, mczf}1/391)
nh dhwfn jvsk `sjmb, jfv mk' -kAfdl iaw kfv msb ufso bf. dbvKGj hf
dHfKGshfLjW msb jsv bf. zffrv bfm W BfhtD spmb k]fv ubA ipc.
k]fv lxf djYc sb, k]fv sjfb imf W kctbf sb. (jc} 42/11)
vhDzfr dhb zfcv vrmfbsj zffr kfzftfv zfvsw WEf nisjG iaw jvf
rst dkdb htstb, `zfvsw WEfv jKf zfmfslv it. kfv SjdIqk- zKGf{,
djvsi hf jfv mk kf zfmfslv zufbf. dvnftk zffrv kvI sKsj. kf
iayfsvv lfdqk vnCstv iv. zfv zfmfslv jfu nkA ufbf.'
mfm mfstj (v})sj dufnf jvf rt, `zffr kfzftf sjmbHfsh zfvsw
zdLdk zfsYb?' sv dkdb htstb, `zdLfb zfmfslv ufbf, kfv SjdIqk hf
sjmbvsi zfsYb kf zufbf. kfv iv mfb Wqfsuh. zfv dhNsq iaw jvf
dhlzfk.'
smfe jKf, zffr uff wfbcr n zfjfswv sLG zfvswv iv zfsYb. nfvf
nxd uoskv isv sKsj uo{ idvyftbf jvsYb. dj k]fv vi dj? zfjfv
dj? k]fv zhqh zfsY dj bf? - nh iaw mcdmsbv msb zfsn bf hQ ians
mcJ Jcst bf. jfvB, nh iaswv v sjfb nxdv jfsY sb. jcvzfb-rflDsnW
sb. ufsbb skf wcLc dkdb, dpdb zfvsw zfsYb. nh v dbsqW mcdmsbv sjfb
jfu sb. hk} mcndtm zffrv sp dhNq ufsb bf, sn dhNsq zufs djYc
htsk-Hfhsk vnbf W dyfsj dhvk vfsJ. (jc} 7/33, 17/36, 22/8-9) zfv
`zffr' ns zbKGj dyf W zfstfybf rsk dbhx Kfsj. mcdmb ufsb W mfsb
sp, jfsvf LAfb-LfvBf k]fsj Lvsk ifsv bf hQ jfsvf sJqft W jibf k]fsj Y]csk
() njt bfmfhtDv msLA 99de mb bfm zfsY, pf sj mcJ jvst (sn nshv zKG hcsU sn

zbcnfsv zfmt jvst) kfv IpDtsk sn uffk iashw jvsh. (hc} 7392, mc} 2677bQ)

kfWrDl

ifsv bf. jfsvf fb kfsj iCBvG si ufbsk ifsv bf. (jc} 20/11) (2)
dkdb ncmrfb. dkdb zfsYb njt nxdv sLG. n zfjfswv iv jcvnD, pf n
zfjfw W ixdKhDsk idvhAf. jcvnD k]fv if vfJfv fb. kfv isv zfsY
jibfkDk hxrm zfvw. pf zffrv nhsysq hV nxd. nshGfy uffk
dIvlfsnv isv dhlAmfb. pfv ifqf W iaf zfsY, djqfmsk kfv Yfqf rsh.
zfvswv iv dkdb zdLdk. (jc} 20/5)
k]fv isv djYc sb. dkdb jf'hfq bb, mndusl bb, mcdmsbv rlsq bb, nh
ufqofskW bb. dkdb nxdv nfsK dmst Kfsjb bf.
dkdb hflfv zdk dbjehkGD. (jc} 2/186) dkdb nhGlf hflfv nfsK Kfsjb. (jc}
57/4, 58/7, 9/40, 8/46) dkdb sbjjfv W SLpGwDt hflfslv nfsK Kfsjb.
(jc} 16/128) ksh dkdb -zdk dbsq bq, hvQ k]fv tXm, nfrfpA W kWIDj
nhGlf hflfv nfsK Kfsj. k]fv lxd W fb nh ufqofq zfsY. k]fv zbcok dIdvf
njt fb sYsq zfsYb. k]fvf hflfv kfhLfsb Kfsjb. zffrv dpjXv kKf nvB
Kfsj hflfv rlsq. (3)
zffr jj, zdkDq, zmcJfsi[D. dkdb jfsvf ubj bb, jfsvf ufkjW bb.
k]fv nmkctA W nmj[ sj sb. (jc} 112) dkdb dyvDh, dyvfqD, dyv ufoak.
dbf hf kf kfsj iwG jsv bf. (jc} 2/255) dkdb lqfmq, ivm lqftc. dkdb
vfufdLvfu, idh. dkdb wfd, dbvfif-dhLfqj, v[j, dhmwftD, iaht.
dkdb oshGv zdLjfvD. dkdb nxubjkGf, fhbjkGf, vilfkf - njt m bfm
k]fv. (jc} 59/22-24)
dkdb ivfmwftD nhGwdmfb, nhGswafkf, nhGf. (jc} 42/11, 4/58) dkdb
zbfdl k]fv iafvH sb, dkdb zb k]fv z sb. dkdb iaKm, k]fv zfso djYc
sb. dkdb swN, k]fv isv djYc sb. (jc} 57/3, 8/78) k]fv tq sb [q sb,
zdhbwv dkdb.
k]fv sjfb dhji sb, dkdb ziadkD. dkdb dbvcw, k]fv Ifqnftf etfhfv
[mkf jfsvf sb. dkdb pf djYc jsvb, k]fv iadkhflD sj sb. k]fv jfspG sjfb
ivfuq sb. sjfb djYc k]fsj hfLf dlsk, z[m jvsk ifsv bf. dkdb rb bf,
djYc HcstbW bf. (jc} 20/52) dkdb njt djYcv mfdtj. njst k]fv lqfv
jf mcJfsi[D. sp k]fv lqf W nrfqkf sKsj shisvfqf rq, sn jfsIv W LQn
rsq pfq. (jc} 15/56, 12/87)
() bfmfpD bfmfsp msb jsv spb sn zffrsj slJsY zKhf dkdb kfsj slJsYb. kf hst bfmfpD

spb zffrv sjfbvi Ydh msb bf zfsb. jfvB, zfmvf pk Hfdh zffr vjm. zffr dj
sn vjm bb. k]fsj dbsq sjfbvi jibfW ShL bq. j jKfq zfjfw-ixdKhDsk k]fv mk sjfb
djYc sb. dkdb zbcim, imfvdrk.
() spmb pdl hdt, `jf ydt vfsk, zfstf bfdr rfsk, y]fl zfsY nfsK.' v zKG bq sp, y]fl
zfmfv nfsK zfmfv slrnQtso zfsY. hvQ kfv suAf{nf zfmfv nfsK zfsY. dj y]fl zfjfsw.
skmdb mrfb zffrv tXm W kWIDj hflfv nfsK W njt fsb. dj dkdb zfvsw. zkh
zffr nfsK Kfsjb- htsk k]fv tXm W kWIDj. k]fv zdk bq. zfv ef kf'hDt (zihAfJAf)
bq. jfvB, k]fv zfvsw zhfb jvfv jKf djkfh W ncfrsk iamfdBk.

kfWrDl

dkdb nhGfbD. nmoa nxdv pfhkDq zhf nisjG dkdb nmAjX zhdrk. HCkHdhNAk dkdb hAkDk zfv sj ufsb bf. bf sjfb dIdvf, bf dub, bf bhD, bf
ztD. (jc} 34/2, 6/59) -iajfwA [cfdk[c njt dudbn W dhNsqv Jhv
k]fv jfsY. (jc} 6/73) nfvf bH W HCmst pf dYt, vsqsY, Kfjsh, pf sb kf
rst sjmb rsh - njt dhNsq dkdb ndhswN zhdrk. zbcvi pf OsesY, OesY,
Oesh, pf Ose db kf Oest sjmb Oesh sn nisjGW dkdb zhok. dkdb zlxwA
ns nmAjX idvfk. zfjfwmtD W ixdKhDsk zBc idvmfB djYc djQhf
klsi[f [c zKhf hxr{ djYc k]fv zsofyv bq. (jc} 34/3, 10/61) nxd-uo{
nxd jvfv iCshG nxdv sjfb djYc k]fv zfk dYt bf. uDh-uo{ nxd jvfv
zfso kfslv nxd-ivhkGDjfstv jfpGjtfi nisjG dkdb nmAjX dhdlk dYstb.
nfvf nxdv HfNf jmf dkdb shfsUb. msbv sofib jKfW dkdb YfVf sj
hcUsk ifsv bf, dkdb zpfG mD. (jc} 3/154, 67/13) y[cv syfvf-yfrdbv
zihAhrfv W zsv pf sofib Kfsj sn ns dkdb zhdrk. (jc} 40/19)
dkdb pf Yf kf jsvb. (jc} 2/253) k]fv Yfv dhvs uosk djYc Ose bf.
pfsj Yf dbu vrmsk nkAiK slJfb, pfsj Yf dbu drjmsk iK jsvb. (jc}
6/125) pfsj Yf vfuk lfb jsvb, pfsj Yf isKv dHJfvD jsvb. pfsj Yf
nmfdbk hQ pfsj Yf zimfdbk jsvb. (jc} 3/26) dkdb pfsj Yf ic lfb
jsvb, pfsj Yf jbAf slb hQ pfsj Yf hAf vfsJb. (jc} 42/49-50)
dkdb hV dhfbD. nxdsj psKfipc vsi W sB nxd jsvb. iasqfubDq hQ
ipc fsb dk jsvb. nfvf uo{ k]fv zfuh drjmsk yst. sn drjmk nhf
hcsU Esk ifsv bf. dkdb k]fv drjmsk pfsj ldv jvfv iasqfub kfsj ldv
jsv hQ pfsj LbD jvfv iasqfub kfsj LbD jsv nxd jsvsYb. jfsj djYc lfb
jsvsYb, jfsvf jfY sKsj djYc sjsV dbsqsYb -nh k]fv dbJ]ck drjmskv
jfdvovD, mcdmb sk dhwfn vfsJ, k]fv drjmsk Hvnf vfsJ. sp rfst Kfsj sn
rftsj sn dbsuv ubA mtmq msb jsv hQ k]fv wcjdvqf zflfq jsv Kfsj.
uDhb-mxkAc v mfdtj dkdb. pfsj Yf uDdhk vfsJb, pfsj Yf mxkcA slb. (jc}
10/56) dkdb nfvf uo{ 6 dlsb vybf jsvsYb. (jc} 7/54) dkdb ixdKhDv njt
djYc mfbcsNv ubA nxd jsvsYb. (jc} 2/29) zfv nh djYcsj mfbcsNv zLDsb
jsv dlsqsYb. dkdb zfjfw-ixdKhD W kmLAdk sjfb hsj dbvKGj ziasqfusb
Jfmfjf sJtfYst nxd jsvb db. (jc} 38/27, 44/38) hvQ k]fv iaskAj nxdv
diYsb drjmk W jfvB zfsY. zfhfv dkdb pf djYc nxd jsvb, kf k]fv dbu
sjfb iasqfub YfVf jsv Kfsjb.
zffr dIdvf nxd jsvsYb, k]fv dbu sjfb iasqfusb bq. dkdb k]fv hflfslv
mLA rsk zsbjsj dbsuv slfX, JtDt, rhDh W ztD dbhGfdyk jsvsYb. kf k]fv
dbu sjfb iasqfusb bq. (jc} 17/111) hvQ hflfv mpGflf hxdjvBfsKG.
mrfb zffr k]fv zfWdtqfsj Hfstfhfsnb - sn Hfstfhfnfv sjfb lfrvB
sb. spmb dkdb hflfv iv n rb, skmdb sfLfdhkW rb. (jc} 4/93,
5/60) hflfv jfY sKsj iadkswfL oarB jsvb. (jc} 43/55) nh sBv sjfb
lxf sb.

kfWrDl

10

k]fv syrfvf zfsY. (jc} 28/88, 55/27) mcndtmvf uffsk sn syrfvf jvDm
lwGb jvsh. sn syrfvf bCsv idviCBG. (mc} 179 bQ) dj kfv vi dj? sjmb?
jfv mk? mcdmsbv msb sn iaw zfsn bf.
k]fv lc rfk zfsY -spmb k]fv ubA ipc. kfv sjfb imf sb. sjmb kfW
dkdb ufsbb. dkdb k]fv lc r fvf zflmsj SkvD jsvsYb. (jc} 38/75) k]fv
lc rfk zdk lfbwDt, dkdb psKYf lfb jsv Kfsjb. (jc} 5/64) dkdb dbu rfsk
kfWvfk dtsJsYb. (hc} 6614, mc} 2652) k]fv Hq rfk Ffb. (mc} 1827)
k]fv jvkt (mc} 1684bQ) W zfcstv jKfqW mcdmb dhwfn fib jsv. (hc}

7513, mc} 2786 bQ)

k]fv if zfsY. sjfb nxdv ifsqv mk bq. (hc} 7384, mc} 2848 bQ)
k]fv uOf (ifsqv vtf)v jKfW mcndtm sjfb iajfv imf YfVf dhwfn jsv.

(jc} 68/42, hc} 4919 bQ)

k]fv lcde y[cv jKfqW mcdmb mfb vfsJ. (jc} 20/39, 54/14, 52/48) dj
kf sjmb kf njstv LfvBf W fsbv hdrHGCk.
dkdb zdk dhwft. djqfmskv dlb k]fv rmcdsk ixdKhD rsh hQ zfjfwmtD
k]fv ld[B rs nQjcdyk Kfjsh. (jc} 39/67) k]fv nDmf W idvdL nxdv LfvBfv
sLG. dkdb z-iakA W ijvB dbvsi[. (4) nx hv bAfq N dlj k]fsj
shb jvsk ifsv bf. hvQ dkdb njstv sLG sKsj njt hsj idvshb jsv
svsJsYb. nxd-uo{ k]fsj iCBvG si itd jvsk z[m.
zffr kfzftf hflfsj nsfLb jsvb, hstb, zfslw jsvb, islw slb. k]fv
hfBD zrDv mfLAsm hf ilGfv zvft sKsj djQhf lCk mfvI{ mfbcsNv jfsY si]ZsY
Kfsj. (jc} 42/51) pJb Yf dkdb hstb, pf Yf hstb. `zfpft' sKsj nhGlf
sp sjfb nmsq dkdb jKf hstb. zfv sn htfv sjfb lxf sb, sjfb vjmk sb.
sjfb nxdv htfv mk k]fv htf bq. jcvzfb mfuDl k]fv htf `jftfm' (hfBD).
zffr uff wfbcr iaskAj vfsv swN kxkDqfQsw ixdKhDv zfjfsw zhkvB
jsvb hQ hstb, `sj zfmfq Ffjsh, zfdm wahB jvh. sj zfmfv dbje iafKGbf
jvsh, zfdm mcv jvh. sj zfmfv jfsY [mf yfsh, zfdm kfsj [mf jvh.' (hc}
1145, mc} 758bQ) dj k]fv zhkvB sjfb nxdv zhkvsBv mk bq. zkh
dkdb djHfsh zhkvB jsvb? j fsb vfd, ziv fsb dlb -dj jsv kf
nHh? k]fv zhkvBjfst zfvw Jfdt rq dj bf? pJb dkdb ixdKhDv zfjfsw
zhkvB jsvb, kJb zbAfbA zfjfw k]fv isv rq dj bf? -nh bfbfdhL iaswv
v sjht dkdb ufsbb. mcndtm nh iaw msb zfsb bf. jfvB, dhwft
ihGknm h zKhf sBGv bAfq nC[ Wusbv dudbnsj mfbcN kfv nd-shyf
kctflsv bAfq mdsj Wub jvsk n[m bq.
dkdb JcwD rb W rfsnb. hflf kWhf jvst JflA-ifbDq shfUf jvf ]e mv() zffr uffk jclvfkcrv rfk, if, y[c kAfdl zfsY hst zfmvf sndtsj k]fv z hst

zdHdrk jvsk ifdv bf. jfvB, sndtv oEbSwtD W ShdwA zfmfslv sjhfsv zufbf. nxd
sKsj naf niCBG dH. k]fv nDmfv fbW sjfb nxdv sb. k]fv nDmf dkdb ufsbb. spmb sp sBv
jKf djkfh W ncfq sJ sb, sn sBv jKf zfmvf zflfu jsv htsk ifdv bf.

kfWrDl

11

nIsv rfdvsq dosq dIsv ifWqfv iv mcnfdIv pk JcwD rsk ifsv kfv sKsjW shwD
JcwD rb dkdb. (hc}, mc}, zf}, dk}, mf}, nuf} 5030 bQ) k]fv JcwD sjfb nxdv
JcwDv mk bq. dkdb lc hflfv ubA rfsnb; pfslv jub zivubsj rkAf jsv
Hq uffsk pfq. jub zffrv isK durfl jsv, zivub jfsIv zhfq
mcufdrlsj wrDl jsv. isv rkAfjfvD jfsIv mcndtm rsq durfsl wrDl rsq pfq.
Ist lcusb uffkhfnD rq. (hc} 2826, mc} 1890) k]fv rfdn sjfb mJtCsjv
rfdnv mk bq. dkdb mlsj OxBf jsvb. (jc} 9/46, hc} 1477, mc} 593 bQ)
k]fv zv zfsY. (jc} 5/116) dkdb hflfv iadk zfypGshfL jsvb. (mczf}
4/151) (5) ifdKGh-uosk mfbh-lfbshv ubA zffrifj zlxwA. (mc}
169,177bQ) k]fsj slJfv sp lfhD jsv, sn dmKcAj. rpvk mCnf
zffrsj
slJsk yfstb. htstb, iaHc sr! zfmfsj lwGb lfW, zfdm skfmfsj slJh.
zffr htstb, kcdm zfmfsj jJb slJsh bf. kcdm hvQ ifrfsVv iadk t[A
jv, pdl kf fsb dv Kfsj, kfrst kcdm zfmfsj slJsh. dj pJb zffr
zfppf zufX ifrfsV suAfdkmfb rstb, kJb ifrfV yCBG-dhyCBG rt hQ mCnf
W nQfrDb rsq iVstb. zk}iv fb dIsv sist dkdb zbck rsq zffrv
dbje kWhf jvstb. (jc} 7/143)
diaq bhD hstb, k]fsj djvsi slJf nHh? p]fv ilGf (zvft) rt bCv
(suAfdk). sp ilGf smfdyk rst k]fv zfbb-lDd nmoa nxdjctsj lDHCk jsv
sItsh. (mc} 179bQ)
zkh pdl sjfb bhD slJsk n[m bf rb, kfrst sjfb zbhDv lwGblfhD dj
rsk ifsv? zhwA swN bhD dm'vfsuv vfsk k]fsj slsJsYb dj bf -sn dbsq
mksHl vsqsY. hAfifsv mf zfsqwf

hstb, sp hst sp,

`mcrfmfl k]fv v (zffr)sj slsJsYb, sn dmKcAj.' (hc} 4855, mc} 177)
sj hstb, ys[ slsJsYb. sj hstb, zv-sbs lwGb jsvsYb. (kjf}

4/250)

rstfsj zffr uff wfbcr hflfslv jfsY zlxwA sKsj ofqhD mfb zfbfv
dbslGw dlsqsYb. zlxwAHfsh k]fsj ufbf W sybfv hQ k]fv jkhfl W iaHcsk
dhwfn fib jvfv zfslw dlsqsYb. pdl dkdb hflfslv lxwA rskb, kfrst dhbf
bhD-vnCt W djkfsh, jfsvfv dhbf islw W bnDrsk nfvf uolXhfnD mcdmb rsq
spk. k]fv sjfbW zfslw sj Ob jvk bf. dj mrfivD[fv ubA dkdb
zlxwA zfsYb. zhwA ivjfst dkdb uffkhfnDslvsj lwGb slWqfv zDjfv
jsvsYb. (jc} 10/26, 75/23) uffkhfnDoB k]fsj skmdb slJsk ifshb,
spmb iCdBGmfv vfs smOwCbA zfjfsw iCsBGlcsj iakA[ jvf pfq. (hc} 554, mc}

633 bQ)

ksh sn dllfsvv sjfb imf hf lxf sb. mcdmsbv lxd-wdsk dH sjfb wd

sjfb dhNsqv jfvB zKhf vrnAfhxk Kfjfv jfvsB sp dhmq rq, mrfb zffr kf sKsj
idh. sjb bf, k]fv dbje djYc sb. sjfb dhNq kfv iajdx k W fHfdhjkfv hfsv sost sp
zfypG rq, kf zffrv ubA nfhA.
()

kfWrDl

12

st sn k]fsj lwGb jvsh. zfhfv jde diiDdtjf spmb nchrx { ihGk slJsk
ifq, zKy kfv dhwftksj y[cv zfqs zfbsk ifsv bf, skmdb hflfW mrfb
zffrv dhwftksj bqbfqs zfbsk ifvsh bf. (jc} 6/103)
nhGij
a fv mrm BfhtD k]fv. nxdv mfsU pk vjsmv nlXB zfsY zffr
kfv iaKm zdLjfvD hQ pk vjsmv hlXB hf slfN zfsY zffr iaKm kf sKsj
mc. dkdb nhGij
a fv jtcN W jfdtmf rsk idh hQ nh vjsmv slfN-de rsk
dbmGt W dbvb. i[fsv sp B (spmb nfbLfvB) nxdv ubA iCBk
G fv idviCvj
rstW sn B mrfb zffrv ubA swfHbDq bf rWqfv ubA kf rskW dkdb sLG.
dkdb k]fv BfhtD nr spmb zbfdl dYstb, skmdb dkdb Dq BfhtD nr zb
Kfjshb. `mJtCj' hf nxdv iCshGW dkdb `Jf-dtj' hf naf dYstb. iadkifstAv
zdhlAmfbkfqW dkdb `vh' hf iadkiftj dYstb. uDhb lfb jvfv zfsoW dkdb
`uDhblfkf' bfsmv zdLjfvD dYstb. dkdb nhGlf nhGdhNsq nshGfidv mrfwdmfb.
nh djYc k]fv ubA zdk nru; pf jvsk Yf jsvb kfW hQ pf jvsk Yf
jsvb bf kfW. (6)
mcndtm mrfb zffrsj sn njt sB Bfdhk msb jsv, sp njt Bvfduv
jKf dkdb qQ idh jcvzfsb zhkDBG jsvsYb zKhf pfv jKf k]fv diaq vnCt
idh rflDsn hBGbf jsvsYb. zfv sp sBv jKf dkdb Jb jsvsYb kf sKsj
k]fsj ifj W dbvb msb jsv. pfv sJ ifq bf kfsk dkhfyj hf sbdkhfyj
sjfb iajfv mhA jsv bf.
`zffr' sn dhw-dbqfv zbAkm dhswNA. nshGfm mrfb bfm. pfsj `nsm
zfpm' htf rq. `vrmfb' k]fv jde dhswNB hQ dhswNAW. pfv zKG ivm
jvBfmq. zfvhD HfNfq `zfv-vfrmfb' htsk zffrsj hcUfq, dj hfQtfq
`ivm jvBfmq' htsk zffrsj hcUfq, zfhfv sjfb hfdkt mf'hCl zKhf sjfb
hAd dhswNsjW hcUfsk ifsv. zkh k]fv nm bfsmv zbchfl zffrv B
dbslGw jsv, sjfb bfm bq.
zfvhDsk spmb `zfv-vfrDm' zffrv jde dhswNA W dhswNB. zfhfv `vrDm'
sjfb hAd dhswsNv dhswNA zKhf dhswNB rsk ifsv. pfv zKG ivm lqfmq hf
lqftc. zfmvf zffrsj lqfmq hdt, zfhfv sjfb hAd dhswNsjW lqfmq hf
lqftc hst Kfdj. dj Hq `vrDm' W `lqftc'v mfsU zfjfw-ifkft kIf{.
jfvB, k]fv lqfsj sjfb nxdv lqfv nfsK kctbf jvf yst bf. zkh naf W
nxdv sjfb B bfsm j rstW Hsqv mfsU dhvfe ifKGjA. zffrv B zkct W
zbcim.
skmdb mrfdhfbD, dhifvB, v[fjkGf, zb W znDm kAfdl k]fv B hcUfq,
bfm bq. dj zfvhDsk B hQ bfmW.
fkhA sp, vrDm, jvDm, rfjDm, mfuDl kAfdl hst sjfb mJtCjsj dbslGw jvf
() msb vfJf dyk sp, dkdb mslv nxdjkGf. dj mslv nijG k]fv iadk zfsvfi jvf pfq bf.

(mc} 771 bQ) zkh jKf jfsvf htf ShL bq sp, `zffr nh jvsk ifsvb, zffr ycdv jvsk
ifsvb, hf zffr ycdv-hAdHyfv jvfb. -bfpc dhfdr dmb pfdtj.

kfWrDl

13

pfq. dj `zft' pc jsv `zft-vfrDm' `zft-jfvDm' kAfdl htsk sjht

zffrsj hcUfq.
IfvnDsk `Jclf' htsk zffrsj hcUfq. pfv zKG htf rq, `Jcl-zf' zKGf{ dpdb
qQ snsYb. dpdb qHc, jfsvf ufkj bb. ef k]fv jde dhswNB htf spsk
ifsv, dj sjfb dhswNA hf bfm htf pfq bf. kf `Jclf' hst k]fv dpjXv hf zpDIf
jvf pfq bf.
skmdb oF, wv, Hohfb kAfdl hst sj zffrsj hcUfsk ifsv. dj
mcndtm kf hAhrfv jsv bf. jfvB, dt shwDv Hfo s[s hfdkt mf'hCslv ubA
hAhrk.
zffr uff wfbcv `zfnmf W dnIfk' ians jsqjde dbdlG dbqm vsqsY}1. k]fv zfnmf W dnIfk sjhtmf idh jcvzfb W nrDr rflDn fvf iamfdBk
rst kf mfbA rsh. zbAKf k]fv bfm W B msb jvf Hct rsh.
2. zfnmf W dnIfk nQf jcvzfbD zfqfk W zbAfbA `bnCn' (ifjf ltDt)sj
sjfb iajfsvv kf'hDt hf Hct kf{ipG bf jsv kfv hfdrAj zsKGv iv mfb vfJf
uvvD. jfvB, dnIfskv bnCsn dbu jfsvf vfq hf mshAv fb sb; kf nhGlf
kfv nrufKG oarBspfoA rsh.
3. dnIfskv bnCn sp iajfwA zKG slq, kf jdlsj zfmfslv ufbf. zfhfv
zivdlsj zfmfslv zufbf. kfv wfKG zfmfslv ufbf, dj kfv vi W
iajk
x k zfmfslv zufbf.
4. bnCsnv hfdrAj zKG, pf swfbfmf zfmfslv mdj sndlsj slZsV pfq. dj hfjAoEsbv dlsj t[A jsv kfv zKG dhdH rskW ifsv. spmb `r'. pJb zfmvf
jfsj htsk wcdb sp, `zfdm rs dtsJdY', kJb zfmfslv mdj kfv iajfwA
zsKGv iadk Ycse pfq; zfv kf rt `rfk' zdhswN. dj pJb wcdb, `v iyfsk
jfsvf r zfsY' -kJb zfmvf `r' htsk `mll' hf `ixsifNjkf' hcdU.
mcdmb dnIfskv hAfifsv kfv iajfwA zKG oarB jsv. kfsk sjfb vjsmv
kf'hDt hf srvsIv jsv bf. dj wdhbAfn W hfjAoEb zbcnfsv iajfwA zKGW
dhdH rsq Kfsj. spmb, zfvhD HfNfq pJb htf rq, `ef skfmfv rfskv jfmf'
kJb hcUf rq, `skfmfv jxkjmG', -yfsr sn jmG hf jfmf rfk fvf hf rfk YfVf
zbA sjfb z fvf srfj. zfv ef rt kfv iajfwA zKG kKf sj kf'hDt htf
pfsh bf. spmb mrfb zffr hstb, skfmvf lrb-pBf sHfo jv. skfmfslv
r pf iCshG ifdEsqsY kfv (zKGf{, skfmfslv jxkjsmGv) It. (jc} 3/182)
skfmfslv sp dhil-zfil Ose kf skf skfmfslv rsfifduGk jsmGv (zKGf{,
jxkjsmGv) jfvsB. (jc} 42/30) spsrkc iajfwA zsKG sjhtmf rfk
mfbst zKG rsq pfq sp, zbAfbA z fvf jxkjsmGv Ist hf jfvsB mfbcN wfd
sHfo jvsh bf hf kfv dhil zfsn bf. klbcvi k]fv d, Wvf dj t[A jsv bf
sp, Wslv ubA zfmfv rjk
x (zKGf{, zfdm dbsu) i nxd jsvdY. (jc}
36/71) spsrkc jKf iamfdBk sp, zffrifj sjht zflm -sj dbu r
fvf nxd jsvsYb.
mcdmb dnIfskv zsKGv sjfb iajfv vi zKhf imf hBGbf jsv bf. kf pJb sn

kfWrDl

14

swfsb sp, zffr zflm

-sj rs nxd jsvsYb. k]fv rq hV
lfbwDt. nmoa vfuk k]fv rs. -kJb sn kfv iajfwA zKG zKGf{, `rfk'
msb jsv. dj sn rfk sjmb, djvi, jfv mk nshv hAfifsv mfKf Ofmfq bf.
hvQ mfsb sp, sn rfk skmb, spmb k]fv ubA ipc hf tfsqj. rfskv zKG
`sbqfmk, jclvk', hf `jhuf' jsv bf.
mcndtm mrfb zffrv sjfb bfm hf Bsj zDjfv jsv bf; zfhfv k]fv mb
sjfb bfmW slq bf, sp bfm dkdb dbsu sbb db zKhf k]fv vnCt sn bfsmv
idvdydk slb db. zfv mbW dhwfn vfsJ bf sp, k]fv sjfb bfsmv zKGB sjfb
nxdv sBv mk.
spmb k]fv bfmsj mCt Lfkc hfdbsq kf rsk hfdkt mf'hCslv ubA sjfb bfsmv
{id jsv bf. spmb ufsrtD pcsov stfsjvf jsvdYt, `zfpDp' sKsj `ppf'.
`mffb' sKsj `mfbfk' kAfdl.
skmdb mcndtm zffrv sjfb bfm hf dqf sKsj kfv sjfb bfm dbBGq jvsk
ifsv bf. spmb, dkdb hflfsj kWIDj slb, (jc} 4/35) kWIDj slWqf k]fv
jde dqfok B. dj kf hst `mcWqfIXdIj' k]fv sjfb bfm htsk ifvf pfq
bf.
zffr hstb, mfjfvffr.(jc} 3/54) dj `mf-djv' k]fv sjfb bfm htf pfsh
bf.
dkdb hflfsj srlfqfk jsv Kfsjb. dj `rf-lD' k]fv bfm bq.
zff bCvn nfmfWqfdk zt-zfvp (jc} 24/25) dj `bCv' k]fv sjfb bfm
bq. skmdb `zff kfhfvfjf zkfzftf' `hf-vfjffr' htf rq. dj
`mckfhfdvj' hf `mchfdvj' k]fv bfm bq. spmb k]fsj `mchfvj'W htf pfsh bf.
jfvB dkdb qQ hjGkiCBG mrfmdrmfdhk. dkdb hjGk ialfb jsv Kfsjb, jfsvf
hjGskv mcJfsi[D dkdb bb.
zfhfv `hfjD', `vwDl', `nchrfb', `zfhfl', `mf'hCl' `jflDm' k]fv bfm bq.
spmb `nffv'W k]fv sjfb bfm bq. hvQ k]fv j bfm `nfkDv' hf `dnDv'.

(zflf} 4012, bf} 404, nuf} 1752 bQ)

nhdt k]fv bfm ubA bq sp, jcvzfb W nrDr rflDsn bfmdtv jKf
k]fv bfm hst sdJk rq db. kf nm wfhtD dlsq k]fv dpjXv jvf pfsh bf
hQ wdtv iCshG `zfX' spfo jsv jfsvf bfmjvBW ShL rsh bf. (7)
skmdb `' hf `qf' k]fv sjfb bfm bq. de jde nhGbfm mf; pf njstv
bfsmv idvhskG hAhrfv rsq Kfsj. kf `-' hf `qf-qf' hst sjfb dpjXv hf
zpDIf ifE jvf yst bf. spmb wcLcmf `zffr', `vrmfb' hf `vrDm' hst sjfb
dpjXv jvf dhlzfk. `nchrfbffr', `zft-rfmlc dtfr', `zff zfjhfv', `tf
tfrf ffr' -hst dpjXv hf zpDIf jvsk rq. dj sjhtmf `tf tfrf' hst
hQ isv wcLcmf `ffr' zKhf `t-t' hst dpjXv bfufsqp. zfhfv
() zkh zfct rflD, zfcCv, zfcn nchrfb, zfct hfjD, zfcv vwDl, zfcn nffv

bfmdt dEj bq. (mcmft} 234 ix}) rflD, bCv, vwDl, hfjD kAfdl bfm rWqfv hAfifsv rflDnde pqDI.

kfWrDl

15

jfstmfv nfsK `mcrfmflcv vfnCtcfr' ucsV dpjXv jvf rq bf. spmb nmsv W
dy{jfv jsv ufmfzfkD dpjXv dhlzfk.
zffrv BfhtDsj sp zDjfv jsv zKhf dmKAf msb jsv; spmb hst sp,
zffr nhGfsb zfsYb hf zfvsw sb, kfrst sn jfsIv. jfvB, zffr hstb,
dkdb zfvsw zfsYb. (jc} 20/5) djQhf sp hst sp, zffrv rfk sb hf y[c sb
zKhf if sb kAfdl, kfrstW sn jfsIv. jfvB, jcvzfb W ncfr hst zfsY.
pdl sj zffrv dnIfksj sbj-dbqk W udkrfslv iv kf'hDt hf lCv zKG
jsv hQ isv kfv dbje nkA W bAfq iajfdwk rst kf'hDt kAfo jsv nskAv
iadk iakAfhkGb jsv, kfrst sn [mfrG rsh. (8)
dj pdl sj iahdx W sJqft-JcwDhsw mb kf'hDt hf Hct kf{ipG jsv, pf
HfNfq hf nfdrskA sjfb sjfb fsb iaydtk W hAhrk, kfrst s[s sn jfsIv
rsh bf, sofbfrofv rsh. spmb hst, `zffrv r' zKGf{ k]fv nil hf wd
(sbqfmk hf jclvk). spsrkc zfvhD nfdrskA `r' nh zsKGW hAhrk.
zfhfv pdl sj iahdx W sJqft-JcwDhsw mb kf'hDt jsv, pfv iaytb HfNfq
sb, kfrst sn s[s jfsIv rsq pfsh. spmb pdl hst, `zffrv lc rfk'
mfsb zfjfw W ixdKhD. jfvB rfskv zKG zfjfw hf ixdKhD zfvhD HfNfq hAhrk
bq; pfsk iajk
x fsKGv zitfi Ose.
mcndtm jcvzfb W ncfq hdBGk W sdJk mrfb zffr iaskAj bfsmv iadk
dhwfn W mfb vfsJ, kfv zKG hcsU, kfv dbslGwfbcpfqD zfmt jsv hQ kfv bfsmv
znDtfq k]fv jfsY lczfW jsv. (jc} 7/180)
mrfmdrmfdk zffr kfzftf. dkdb sjfb zhfsk sjfb nxdv [Bjfstv
ubAW mcJfsi[D rb bf. dkdb nfvf nxd sKsj sh-isvfqf. sp jxkkf iajfw
jsv, sn kf dbsuv jtAfsBv ubA jsv hQ sp zjxk rq, sn susb vfJcj sp,
zfmfv iadkiftj zHfhmc, mrfbcHh. (jc} 27/40) dkdb sYfLDb, qQ
niCBG. sp njt iCBk
G fv BfhtDv dkdb zdLjfvD, kf k]fv ubA k} dhlAmfb;
pf k]fv nfv ubA Wqfsuh. zfv kfsk dkdb jfsvf mcJfsi[D bb. k]fv jmG, k]fv
zbcora , k]fv hlfbAkf k]fv iCBk
G fv zHc
G . dkdb sjfb djYc sjfb zhfsk
sjfb iajfsv zsbAv nrfqkf dbsq jsvb bf. hvQ dkdb pf jvfv Yf jsvb, kf
dbu fLDb wdsk sYfq niflb jsvb. dkdb sjfb djYcsk znIt bb.
dkdb k]fv Yfmk njt jsmG qQ jxkfKG. k]fsj sj nfrfpA jsv bf hQ sj
hfLfW slq bf. nxdstfsj k]fv sjfb mlljfvD sb, sb sjfb zdHHfhj.
dkdb zffr. dkdb zfmfslv njstv iaHc, iadkiftj, ifnA. dkdb YfVf
zfmfslv zfv sj nrfq sb, ndkAjfsvv mfhCl sb.

( ) zfrst ncfrv h mcrfdn W mcIfnXdnv Lvsbv kf'hDt W kf{ipG hBGbf jsv sosYb.

zffr k]fslv Hct mfuGbf jvshb. jfvB nxdv nfsK nafv nflxwA W kctbf k]fslv swA dYt bf;
hvQ nxdv nlxwkf rsk k]fsj mc W idh jvfv nlcswA dYt. (j} 38ix})

kfWrDl

16

ddI
Iddvvff
mcndtm ofqhD mfb zfsb. kf zlxwA rstW zffrv zodBk dIdvfv iv
mfb W dhwfn vfsJ. (jc}4/136) p]fvf zffrv zffbcnfsv -jkGshA
zfkdbshdlk. zfjfsw, hfkfsn, ys, nCspG, ixdKhDsk W oar-b[s pf djYc OesY
kf zffrv dsk dIdvfosBv klhDsv OesY. (jc} 79/5)
djkfh W ncfq zfmvf jkj dIdvf hQ k]fslv jkGhA niGsj ufbsk ifdv.
spmb rpvk duhvft wDhfBD hfrj. rpvk nvfIDt wxs Ic{jfsvv ubA
dbsqfduk. rpvk mDjft hxd hNGsBv jfsu dbLGfdvk. mftfjct mfWk, slr sKsj
zfkf dhdY jvfv jfsu, djYc ihGskv ubA, mfsqv sise sBv ubA, jhsv
hflfsj iaswv ubA mcbdjv W bfjDv. y-nCspG zdosk uffsk-ufrffsm dhdH
dIdvf dbsqfduk vsqsYb, HC W bHmst mb sjfb fb sb, spJfsb zffrv
zbcok dIdvf dbpc sb. (dnn} 852bQ)
hflfv drIfpk W kfv ifi-icBA dtJfv ubA sjvfmfb-jfskhDb dbLGfdvk.
jub icBA dtdih jvfv ubA hflfv Ffsb hQ jub ifi W zn{ zfmt
dtJfv ubA hflfv hfsm, zfv drIfpskv ubA hflfv zsoa W iyfsk dIdvf
dbsqfduk. (jc} 13/11, 43/80, 45/28, 10/21, 50/17-18, 82/10-11) zkh
dIdvf fvf SkvD hflfv njt jfsuv lIkv djqfmsk dhyfv mfsE sn dbsu ifE
jvsh.
dIdvf hflfv zsvv jmGW dtdih jsv Kfsjb. hflf pJb sjfb ifi jfsuv
Yf jsv kJb dIdvfoB kfv sJqft t[A jsvb. viv pdl sn ifi jsv hsn
ksh jde sofbfr dtsJb. Yf jvfv iv pdl zffrv Hsq sn jfu bf jsv,
kfrst jde sbjD dtsJb. i[fsv hflf pJb sjfb Hfstf jfsuv dbqk jsv,
kJb kf jfsu idvBk jvfv zfso jde sbjD dtdih jsvb. zfv kf jfsu
idvBk jvfv iv 10 sKsj 700 hf kfsvf shwD sbjD dtsJ slb. (hc} 6491, mc} 128

bQ)

dIdvfv nxdShdy nisjG zfmvf dEj kkecjc ufbsk ifdv, pkecjc jcvzfb W
rflDsn ifWqf pfq. jfvB, dIdvf zfmfslv lxwA bq. kf mcndtm jcvzfb W
rflDsn pf hdBGk rsqsY kf dbHGct nkA hst dhwfn jsv.
dIdvf bCv (suAfdk) sKsj nx. (mc} 2966 bQ) k]fvf zfmfslv ns Kfsjb,
zKy zfmvf k]fslvsj slJsk if bf. vnCtcfr v dbje rpvk duhvDt
zrD dbsq zhkDBG rskb, zKy ifsw nfrfhfoB k]fsj slJsk siskb bf.
dIdvfv Ffbf zfsY. (jc} 35/1) k]fvf Yfmk vi LfvB jvsk ifsvb. spmb
k]fvf smrmfb shsw rpvk hvfrDm
-v hfdVsk sndYstb. (jc} 15/51)
ntfsmv dhdH dw[f dlsk mfbcsNv vsi bhD jvDm v dbje idk rskb.

(hc} 50, mc} 8bQ)

k]fvf mrfb zffrv jf zbcok hflf. sjfb nmq k]fv zfslw QOb jsvb
bf. dkdb pf zfslw jsvb, k]fvf kf iftb jsvb hQ kfsk sjfb iajfv jfdshfL

kfWrDl

17

W SwdKtA jsvb bf. (jc} 21/20, 41/38) k]fvf zffrv dbjekm ncnmfdbk
hflf. (jc} 21/26, 7/206) k]fslv dhhfr-wflD sb, hQwfbcm umW sb.
k]fvf icvNW bb, DW bb. dtdhrDb zffrv j nxd. (zfmf} 13ix}) k]fvf
ifbfrfv jsvb bf. k]fslv sn iasqfub sb. (jc} 51/24-28)
rfvk W mfvk lc dIdvf. p]fslv fvf mrfb zffr hflfslvsj pflcv dIkbfq
sIst kfslv jsEfv ivD[f dbsqdYstb. k]fvf k]fv zbcok dYstb.
dj k]fvf mfbcsN idvhdkGk rsqdYstb. ncvf ifb jsv j mdrtfv fmDsj rkAf
jsv kfv nfsK hAdHyfsvv mk mrfifi jsvdYstb hQ kfv jfvsB wfd vi
k]fslvsj hAfdhtsbv sjfb j]cqfq Ucdtsq vfJf rsqsY -nh jfdrbD osislv oi
mf. hfshv nfsK nh jfidbj jfdrbDv sjfb nijG sb. dEj mdbHfsh
rpvk lfl bhD
-v jub fmDsj sLfjf dlsq kfv Dsj dhhfr jvfv
oi, p dhb bcsjv nmcs mfY Lsv nCspG Hcsb JfWqfv kAfdl sjYf pf
kInDsvv bfsm ifWqf pfq, nh Lvsbv oi. mcndtm swaBDv zfudh oi
w W hdt ltDt YfVf dhwfn jsv bf. (mh} 31/71)
dIdvfv odkwd hBGbfkDk. zfstfv odk iadk snsjs j t[ dYqfdn
rfufv mft. dj dIdvfv odk kfvW zdLj. mrfbhD -sj sj sjfb iaw
jvst kf swN rhfv iCshG rpvk duhvDt
mrfb zffrv dbje sKsj n
zfjfw sHl jsv ixdKhDsk v dbsq zhkvB jvskb.
zffrifj dIdvf fvf mcdmbslv nfrfpA jsv Kfsjb. mfbcNsj ivD[f jsv
Kfsjb. mfbcN sp dudbsn (lcoG kAfdlsk) j ifq, sn dudbsn dIdvfvfW j
sisq Kfsjb. (mc} 564bQ)
mcndtm zffrv njt dIdvfv iadk mfb vfsJ hQ njtsj Hfstfhfsn.

ddj
jk
kffhh
mcndtm dhwfn jsv sn njt djkfhsj pf zffr kfzftf k]fv dhdH vnCstv
iv zhkDBG jsvsYb. pfv bfm sbsY spmb, kfWvfk, Dt, pfhCv, Icvjfb
(jcvzfb) W nrDIf- hvfrDm -kfv isv mfb zfsb hQ pfv bfm wcsb db, sp
wDoa nisjG kfv ufbf sb kfv isvW mfb vfsJ W zffrv djkfh hst
nkA ufsb. dhwfn hAkDk sn mcndtm rsk ifsv bf.
mcndtm jKfW ndEj hst ufsb sp, kfWvfk W Dt mfbcN fvf bjst

kfWrDl

18

idvBk rsqsY. kfv msLA h djYc idvhkGb-idvhLGb nfLb jvf rsqsY, h

srvsIv jvf rsqsY kfsk. zffrv djkfhsj kfvf (qfl W bfnfvfvf)
dbsuslv fsKGv zbcjCt hfdbsq dbsqsY. (jc} 5/13, 2/75) sp djkfhsq h
zfdqfv ydvs dhdH dmKAf jt W zihfl zfsvfi jvf rsqsY hQ zfnt
LmGsj dhjxk jvf rsqsY.
zffrv djkfh sjfb mfbcsNv vdyk rq bf. pf mbcNA-vdyk hst iamfdBk rsqsY,
kf zffrv djkfh rsk ifsv bf.

z
cv
zfft
t--j
jv
c z
zffbb
nfdrkA-Hffv, dhfbmq oa zft-jcvzfb zfvhD nfdrskAv k BGpcso
yAfstvi zhkDBG rsqdYt. ifEAmLcv, wadkmLcv djkfh mcndtsmv uDhb
nQdhLfb. pfsk vsqsY kfWrDslv hfBD, nxdv nkA kKA, dhok ufdkv ndEj
dkrfn, djYc HdhNA{hfBD hQ h islwfhtD.
zft-jcvzfsbv iadkde z[v, dhlc, spv-pfhfv-siw zidvhkGbDq. zfv v
nQv[sBv Hfv dbsqsYb qQ zffr. (jc} 15/9) sk sjfb hfdkt jKf hf
f lwGb idvshdwk rq db. (jc} 41/42)
zft-jcvzfb mrfb zffrv zfvhD hfBD hf d. de k]fv jKfv sjfb zfvhD
zbchfl bq. de k]fv dnIfk, sjfb nxd bq. jKf k]fv Bvfduv zbAkm. hfBD
k]fv dbje rsk db}nxk rsqsY hQ icbvfq kfv jfsY iakAfhkGb jvsh.
djqfmskv djYc iCshG mcnrfsIv jfou sKsj nm hfBD sE pfsh hQ jfou nflf
vsq pfsh.
jcvzfb nhGiaKm `tWsr mfrICp'- dtdih rq. zk}iv zffr kfzftf
snJfb sKsj hfqkct pXpfsk nhGswa mfn vmpfsbv nhGswa vfd wshjlsv nhGswa
oa zft-jcvzfb zhkDBG jsvb. kfviv rpvk duhvDt zfmDb
fvf
iasqfub mk iaskAj Oebfv idvsiad[sk 23 hYsv rpvk mcrfml v iv
djYc djYc jsv zhkDBG rq. (mkfsv Oebfv idvsiad[sk jcvzfb nvfndv
zffrv kvI sKsj zhkDBG rq hQ kf iaKm wcv rq vmpfb mfsn wshjlsvv
vfdsk.) zhkDBG rWqfv nfsK nfsK jcvzfb k]fv nxdk rsq spk. isv dkdb
nfrfhDhoGsj wcbfskb. k]fvfW mcJ jvskb. sj hf dbskb dtsJ. pf isv
oafjfsv dtdJk rq.
zkh jcvzfb mrfbhD -v vdyk sjfb oa bq. dkdb skf dbv[v dYstb,
dtJfiVf ufbskb bf. (jc} 7/157-158) skmdb duhvDt zfmDsbvW sjfb hfBD
bq. (jc} 16/102) dkdb mrfb iadkiftsjv jfsY pf wcbskb zfmfbskv nfsK
kf mrfbhD ipG si]ZsY dlskb.
iCBG jcvzfb 30 ifvf. sp msb jsv, jcvzfb nfrfhf jkGj
x idvhdkGk, djQhf
jcvzfb zfnst 40 zKhf 90 ifvf; 30 ifvf iajfdwk hQ hfjD jfsvf `jtsh'
zfsY, djQhf jcvzfb zfnt jcvzfb bq, zfnt pf rpvk Ifskmfv dbjse

kfWrDl

19

dYt W isv kf zfrst hfqskv mfmslv dbje vd[k rq, zKhf jcvzfb sjfb
mfbh-vdyk oa, kfrst sn jfsIv. (jc} 74/25-26, 2/187)
mcndtm jcvzfb mfuDlsj zffrv jftfm hst smsb sbWqfv iv sn kfv pKfKG
kf'pDm jsv. kf dlhfvf nfLAmk ifE jsv, kfv zKG hcsU kfv iv zfmt jsv.
spsrkc jcvzfb kfv ubA kfv nxdjkGfv kvI sKsj zfnf uDhb-nQdhLfb. kfv
iaskAj dbslGw z[sv z[sv iftb jsv. pf uDdhk mfbcsNv (dhwfnDslv) isKv
dlwfvD, mxskv ubA sjfb jfsuv bq.
jcvzfb jfvDm spsrkc zffrv hfBD (dnIfk), sjfb nxd bq, snsrkc jcvzfb hf
jftfmcfrv jnm hf rtI JfWqf pfq hQ kfv znDtfq lczfW jvf pfq.
zft-jcvzfsb hdBGk iadkde kKA nkA W ndEj. dhfb hf zbA sjfb ndEj
ksKAv nfsK kfv sjfb iajfv nQONG rsk ifsv bf. dhfsbv kKA dmKAf W f
rsk ifsv, dj jcvzfbD kKA dyvb nkA W zf. (jc} 41/38) nckvfQ
mcndtsmv dyk, Shfdbj iaskAjde ksKAv nfsK jcvzfbD ksKAv nfmnA nfLb
bf jvf. jfvB, dhfb pf zfu hst, jft kf f hst hfdkt jsv. pfv Ist nfsK
nfsK jcvzfbD kKAsj Hct mfbfv zfwf Kfsj.
dhfsbv (sjfb sjfb dhfbDv) msk nCpG dv. dj jcvzfbD kKAfbcpfqD nCpG
odkwDt.(jc} 18/17, 36/40) spsrkc jcvzfb k]fv hfBD dpdb y-nCpG, ixdKhD,
oar-b[ nxd jsvsYb, dkdb hstb nCpG zfhkGb jsv. nxdjkGf ufsbb sjfbXde
dv, sjfbXde zdv. zkh dkdb zdv htst zfhfv jfv jKfq mcndtm nCpsG j
dv hst smsb sbsh?
dEj ubA mcndtm Ffvsbv (dhhkGbhfl) dKdvsj f hst ufsb.
y-nCpG-oar-b[ kAfdl lcdbqfv zfnmfb hf iaKm zfnmfsbv bDsy zhdk.
(jc} 67/5) jcvzfsbv sjfb ksKA sjfb oasr si]ZYsbfsj znHh htf rq db.

(Ihf} 259-270ix})

oas zhfh sjfb jKf sb. iviv-dhsvfLD sjfb d sb. (jc} 4/82)
hcUfv Hcst hfrAk} sjfb jKfsj iviv-dhsvfLD msb rstW iajk
x is[ kf bq.
ksh djYc `mbnCJ' (vdrk) zfqfk zfsY. (jc} 2/106) pf zft-jcvzfsbv
hAfJfkfoB dydrk jsv Kfsjb.
jcvzfb mfuDslv zfqfknmCsrv znk, dhjxk, mboVf W hfskbD zKG hf hAfJAf
jvfv lc}nfrdnjkf mcndtm sjfbdlb jsv bf. jfvB kfsk mrfb zffr pf htsk
yfb db k]fsj kf htfsbf rq. zfv kf mrfifi W mrfnhGbfw. (jc} 7/33,
17/136, 22/8-9) hvQ sp hAfJAf mrfbhD hQ ntsI nfstrDb jkGj
x hdBGk
rsqsY kfv zbcnvB jsv. dhbf tsm jcvzfbD dhNq dbsq sjfb ksjG dt rq
bf. (jc} 22/3-4, 40/35) hvQ sp dhNq sn ufsb bf, sn dhNsq zflfsu sjfb
mhA bf jsv hst, `zffr ufsbb.' (jc} 18/22, 26)
nckvfQ WpCv zfqfsk (jc} 5/6) dbsuv mbmk if mfnfr jvfv zKG jsv bf.
hvQ mfKf mfnfr W if sLfqfv zKG jsv. pf mrfbhD jkGj
x dbdlG hQ ntsI
nfstrDb jkGj
x hdBGk rsqsY.
jcvzfb mfuDslv iaskAj zfqfk hQ iaskAj nCvfv kvkDh (zbcm)

kfWrDl

20

kfWjDID. kf dkrfn hf kfvDJ zbcnfsv dhbA jvfv zdLjfv jfsvf sb.

jcvzfb rfjDsm mb jkj zfqfk zfsY, pf mfbcsNv shfLomA bq. zfv jkj
vij zfqfk zfsY, pfv hAfJAf zffr hAkDk zbA sj ufsb bf. mcndtm kfv
iv mfb vfsJ. kf dbsq zufs mfKf Ofmfq bf. dj pfslv rlsq hkf zfsY,
kfvf dIkbf hf dhwxJtf nxd W Hct hAfJAfv sswA pf vij kfv zbcnvB jsv
Kfsj. (jc} 3/7)
jcvzfb wvDI LfvfhfdrjHfsh dtdJk sjfb oa bq. dtdJk zfjfsv zhkDBGW
rqdb jcvzfb zfpDp. idvshw, idvddk hQ iasqfusbv idvsiad[sk kfv
zhkfvBf. kf kfsk jef Oebf hf dhNq hfvhfv h fsb iafq jHfsh hdBGk
rsqsY. dhdH svfoDv dydj{nf s[s j NL dhdH hfv hAhrfv djQhf j
svfoDv zhf dhswsN j NsLv hAhfv mk jcvzfb wvDsIv hBGbf. jub
ncspfoA hfv dhdH hxkfmftf j ndshdwk jsv oafjfsv iajfdwk oasv
zhf spmb rq, jcvzfb mfuDslv zhfW dEj s[s zsbjef ki. (sjfw}

HCdmjf 13ix})

bbhhz
cz
c k
k
zffr uffk jclvfkcr nxdv iv hV lqfhfb. k]fv lqf W vrmk YdVsq zfsY
nfvf nxd uosk. dkdb uo{ vybf jsvsYb. kfv iaskAjde iafBD-ziafBDv
shfLwd, dhyvBwd, hvQ kfslv pfhkDq iajdx k k]fv ufbf. dkdb ufsbb sp,
mfbcsNv zidviCBG fb dbsu dbsu iCBG nkA W zfstfdjk isK si]ZYsk ifsv bf.
nxdokHfsh njt mfbcsNv dhshj-hcd j nmfb bq; jfsvf jm, jfsvf shwD.
jef dudbnsj sj nclv Hfsh, zfhfv zbA sj znclv. sj Hfstf hst,
sj ml. jJsbf hf jef dudbnsj j mfbcN j nmq Hfstf hst, zfhfv
zbA nmq kfsj ml hst.
nckvfQ kfslvsj dbvKGj-shjfv bf sYsV pfsk jsv kfvf j ts[A si]ZYsk
ifsv kfv ubA kfslv iadk rnfb W zbcora jsv pcso pcso bhD W vnCt siavB
jvstb mrfb nxdjkGf. zhwA dkdb Yf jvst zfdqf siavB bf-W jvsk
ifvskb. k]fv iv vnCt hf bhD siavB jvf Wqfsuh dYt bf. (jc} 3/164) htf
hftA, k]fv iv djYc Wqfsuh bq. spmb k]fv iv sjfb hflfv sjfb iajfv
rj, zdLjfv hf lfhD sb. zhwA dkdb dbsu sKsj hflfsj djYc rj ialfb
jsvsYb.
rpvk zflm
-sj iaKm nxd jsv lcdbqfq ifdEsq k]fsj nhGiaKm bhD
hfbfstb. klbv jfst jfst iaskAj ufdkv ubA zfdqf hQ nhGswsN rpvk
mcrfmfl -sj swN W dhwbhDvsi siavB jvstb. pfsk k]fvf k]fv dbje sKsj
k]fv iakAfslw, dbsNLff, icvfv W dkvfsvv iadkwadk hQ zbAfbA zbcwfnb
dbu dbu jWsmv jfsY si]ZsY slb. ndEj W wfdv isKv nfb slb. f W
zwfdv isKv shVfuft sKsj ufdksj mc jsvb. rstZdjj W ifvstZdjj

kfWrDl

21

mtfmstv fb lfb jsvb. (jc} 3/164)

pfsk jsv zfdqf zfomb k]fv hflskv ubA nx mfbcsNv hflk bf jvfv Ist
wfd ialfsbv iv k]fv k (hflfv zdHspfo znfvkf) jfsqm rq. kfslvsj
wfd slWqf bAqnk hQ pcdpc rq. (jc} 20/134, 4/165)
pdl dkdb zfdqf bf ifdEsq hflfsj k]fv hflk bf jvfv lvb wfd dlskb,
kfrst hflf zfid W zucrfk siw jvk. spmb htk,
zffr zfmfslvsj jmf k]fv hflskv ubA nxd jsvsYb kf zfmvf
ufbkfm bf. djQhf dkdb sjmb hflk yfb kf dkdb zfmfslvsj dwdJsq slb db.
hflskv dbqm-idk W idvmfB kAfdl zfmfslv zufbf dYt.
zffr zfmfslvsj mb iajdx k W iahdx dlsq nxd jsvsYb, pfsk m, zhf
hQ ofItdk kAfdl nfdvk. iv wqkfbsjW zfmfslv iyfsk zhfdvk
Hfsh sYsV dlsqsYb. zkh mb djYc dlsq k]fv nrfqkf jvf dyk dYt, pf
zfmvf Hcst sost zfmfslvsj nkjG jvk. wqkfb zfmfslvsj jcmBf hf
iastfHb dlst h]fyfv iK hst dlk.
Lsv dbtfm sp, zfmvf mfb W zfbcoskAv ncItkf hQ jcIXv W bfIvmfbDv
dhItkf nisjG nh djYc ufbkfm; dj zfmfslv fsbv idvdL iajk
x sk si]ZsY
db sp, sp hAd sbfQvfdm W zwDtkf jvsh kfsj wfd sisk rsh. iv zfmvf
sbfQvf W zwDtkfq hV zfbl W dmEf fl sikfm, zKy kfsk iaHcv sjfb
[dkW dYt bf. zfhfv jKfW ufbkfm bf sp, sp hAd Hfstf jfu jvsh, sn
icvxk rsh. dj ufbkfm sp, Hfstf jfu jvst kfsk iaHcv djYc tfH rq bf.
iaskAj jfsuv drnfh sbWqf rsh kfW ufbkfm bf. kf iahdx spmb sysqdYt
skmb zfmvf zfbslfisHfo W ncJ nsHfso m rsqdYtfm. kAfdl.
dj iqov siadvk rWqfv iv vjm sjfb Wuv hfjD Kfjsk ifsv bf.
zkh dvnftk W bhczk hflfv ubA zdk iasqfubDq dYt. pf zDjfv jvfv
ifq sb. hvQ njt iasqfub mb dj JflA-ifbDq sKsjW zdLj uvvD dYt.
jfvB dvnftk uoskv zfkf, iafB W suAfdk. kf dvnftk hAdksvsj uoskv
sjfb mt dYt bf. lcdbqf kmnfY W zdHw rk, pdl bf dvnftskv nCpG
kfv zfjfsw dlk rk. klbcvi sp mfbcsNv rlqfjfsw bhczskv nCpG dlk rq
bf, sn mfbcN oHDv sOfv zjfsv z. bhczskv zfkf W uDhb pfv slsr
nQspfo rq db, sn uDdhk rstW mxk.
bhczk W dvnftk zffrv kvI sKsj msbfbDk bhD W vnCstv ubA jde lfb
W nmfb. dkdb dbu Yfmk bhD W vnCt dbhGfdyk jsvsYb. (jc} 22/75,
6/124) bhczk sjfb nfLbfv hst zuGbDq Lb bq.
nckvfQ mcndtm nm vnCt W zfdqfv iadk mfb vfsJ hQ iaskAjsj mrfb
zffrv kvI sKsj siadvk hst dhwfn jsv. p]fslvsj zffr k]fv wDhfBD
hflfslv dbje si]ZYfhfv ubA msbfbDk W dbhGfdyk jsvsYb hQ k]fslv W k]fvf
pf hstb kfv nkAkfv iv zjfeA pcd W iamfBfdl dlsq nfrfpA jsvsYb.
zfdqf fb W jsmGv (zfmstv) dlj sKsj nhGswa. jKfq nhfv sysq shwD
nkAhflD. hAhrfsv nhfv yfsk dw W ncwDt. zfyvB W ydvs nhfv sysq nclv

kfWrDl

22

W dbjtcN. nhGij
a fv zwDtkf W znydvkf sKsj dbmGt. Db-wvDqk, zrD W
dvnftskv khtDso k]fvf mf'nCm W de-dhycAdkmc. ksh spsrkc k]fvf njst
mfbcN dYstb, snsrkc sYfeJfe nfmfbA Hct-fd k]fslv hAdok uDhsb fHfdhj
dYt.
dj sp Hct hf zhfLAkf k]fslv fvf rsqdYt, kf nfLfvBk} lcHfsh mfbf pfq}iaKmk } zhfLAkf bhDv bhczskv iCshG OsedYt. spmb rpvk zflm
-v
Hct W bfIvmfbD; pJb mrfb zffr k]fsj ofsYv dbjehkGD rsk dbsNL
jsvdYstb zKy dkdb kf jsv sIstdYstb. (jc} 20/121)
dkDqk } hfrAk} pfsj bhDv zhfLAkf hst msb jvf rq, iajk
x is[ kf
zffrv zhfLAkf bq; hvQ }
(j) kf udkrfslv Hct. pf jvsk rk kf bf jsv, pf jvsk rk bf, kf ndEj
sHsh jsv sItf. pfv iv -pf ndEj kfv hBGbf dbsq- zffrv dbslGw W
nkjGhfBD snsY. spmb hlsvv pchlDslv Oebf. mrfb zffrv (wvqD) Yfq
dYt, bhD kfslvsj rkAf jsv slb. dj dkdb nfrfhfslv ns ivfmwG jsv
kfslv dbje sKsj udvmfbf hf mcdiB dbsq kfslvsj mcd slWqfefsj ndEj
Hfhstb. mcwdvj pchlDvf mcd sisq sost mrfb zffrv kvI sKsj bhDv ubA
x is[ k]fv sjfb
nkjGhfBD t. (jc} 8/67, kjf} 2/325) nckvfQ ef iajk
zhfLAfyvB dYt bf.
(J) zKhf mb lcde jfu; pfv Hq jvf yst. ksh iaKm zsi[f dkDqde jvf
zdLj m. dj bhD dkDqde bf jsv iaKmdesj Jdkqfv jsvb. pfv iv
mrfb zffrv nkjGhfBD zhkDBG rq hQ pf jvf zdLj m W ItianC kfv
dbslGw slWqf rq. spmb bhD jvDm pJb jkj stfjsj durfsl bf pfWqfv
zbcmdk dlstb -zKy zffrv jfsY zbcmdk bf slWqfef m dYt- kJb kfv
dhd t. (jc} 9/43) zfv efW sjfb zhfLAkf bq.
klbcvi dbYj sjfb lcdbqflfvDv hAfifsv fHfdhjHfsh bhD sjfb Hct
LfvBfianCk mk siw jvsk ifsvb. spmb jlf dkdb sJucsvv smfYfq smfYf sh]sL
ivfo-dmtb Oefsbfsj dbvKGj msb jsv nfrfhfoBsj kf jvsk dbsNL jsvb.
sJucsvv Itb jm rst dkdb jfvB dufnf jsv zdHkfv Hct dkdb hcUsk
sisv k]fslvsj htstb, skfmfslv lcdbqflfvDv hAfifsv skfmvf zdLj ufb.
zfv sjfb ifdKGh hAfifsv zfmfv sjfb vfq iftb jvf uvvD bq. jfvB zfdmW
jub mfbcN. (mc} 2362, 2363 bQ)
zkh zfdqf dbifi. dj bhD bq mb hAdvf dbifi bq. sjfb bf sjfb
ifi rsq Kfsj; pdlW hf sjfb WtD rb. ubA sp sjfb bhDsj ofdt slsh
djQhf k]fv ydvs sjfb dmKAf zihfl W jt vefsh ntfmD zfsb kfv wfd
mxkAc l. klbvi pfsk zfdqf hQ ntsI nfstrDbslv mpGflf bfw bf rq hQ
k]fslv ydvs sjfb iajfsvv hAsfd bf zfsn kf k]fslv sjfb zdHbq jvsk
ntfm zbcmdk slq bf.

kfWrDl

23

z
zffddqqff
mcndtm mfb zfsb sn njt zfdqf W vnCtosBv iv p]fslv bfm jcvzfb
jfvDm hQ rflDn wvDsI sdJk rsqsY (9) hQ zbAfbA zfdqfosBv ivW
mfb vfsJ p]fslv bfm djkfh W ncfq zfsndb hQ p]fslv bfm W nQJAf mrfb
zffr hAkDk sj ufsb bf. jfvB, zfdqfosBv ndEj idvnQJAfb jcvzfb W
nrDr rflDsn ifWqf pfq bf.
zfdqfoB njst zffrv kvI sKsj msbfbDk rsq jmf zffrv hflk
jvfv zfrhfb dbsq khtDso-Dsbv jfsu siadvk rsqdYstb. k]fvf njst
jkhflD dYstb.
sp njt mrficvN LsmGv Ffj dbsq swN bhD mcrfmfl -v iCshG zfomb
jsvdYstb W p]fslv sjfb jKf djkfh W ncfq ifWqf pfq bf- k]fslv bhczskv
hAfifsv mcndtm `kfWqfcI' jsv. zKGf{, k]fslvsj bhD hst DjfvW jsv bf.
zfhfv zDjfvW jsv bf. k]fvf bhD rskW ifsvb, zfhfv bfW rsk ifsvb- pdl
k]fslv lfWqfk W khtDo kfWrDslv (j zffrv hflk jvfv) ubA rq hQ
k]fslv ydv zfdqfv ydvsv mk rq ksh. zbAKf pdl k]fslv zfrhfb
kfWrDslv dhivDk rq, siZdtjkfv iadk zKhf ofqvfrv hflskv ubA rq
zKhf k]fslv ydv zfdqfv ydvsv dhivDk rq zKhf swN bhD -v isv
bhczskv lfhD jsv, kfrst mcndtm zfslZ k]fslvsj bhD hst mfbsk ifsv bf.
zfdqf W vnCtoBsj siavB jvfv iv zffr kfzftf hflfv iv kfslv
zbcnvB, zbcjvB W zfbcokA Wqfsuh jsvsYb. pdl sj k]fslvsj zmfbA jsv
zKhf k]fslv dhvfyvB jsv ksh kfv ubA vsqsY Hqv wfd. (jc} 4/14,

4/64)

nhGiaKm bhD rpvk zflm

, dpdb nhGiaKm mfbcN hQ mfbhjcstv dikf.
iaKm vnCt rpvk bCr
. nhGswN bhD W vnCt rpvk mcrfmfl . nm
zfdqf W vnCtosBv msLA 5 usbv dhswN ShdwA vsqsY; zfv k]fvf rstb, rpvk
bCr, hvfrDm, mCnf, nf W mcrfmfl zftfdrmcn nftfkc znXnftfm. k]fvf bhczsk
hQ mfb zfbfv hAfifsv njst nmfb. (jc} 2/285) dj zffr-ial mpGflfq
kfvkmA zfsY. (jc} 2/253)
zffr ifj zfdqfoBsj zdkwq mpGflf lfb jsvsYb. kf mxkcAv iv k]fslv
slr jhsv dhb rq bf. (zflf} 1047 bQ)
iajfw Kfsj sp, p]fsj mc'dmb nialfsqv ubA siavB jvf rsqdYt dkdb rstb bhD
hQ p]fsj dmKAfqbjfvD jfsIv nialfsqv ubA (bkcb djkfh nr) siavB jvf
rsqdYt dkdb rstb vnCt.

()sJA sp, jcvzfb jfvDsm 25 ub zfdqfv bfm sJ rsqsY.

kfWrDl

24

r
rppvvk
k nnff
rpvk nf
zbAkm bhD. dkdb zffrv jfstmf (`jcb' hf `rW' ws nxd
rsqdYstb) hQ k]fv kvI sKsj `vr' -pf rpvk mfvqAfsmv osHG I]cjf rsqdYt.
(jc} 21/91) kf dkdb dhbf dikfq mfkxuEsv um dbsqdYstb. (10) dkdb ufvu
bb. usmv iv mfkfv idhkf hQ nkDskv nf[Dvi zshftf dwwc zhfq
mfkxsfsV jKf hstdYstb. (jc} 19/29) dkdb zffrv ic bb. dkdb k]fv
`zfhXlX' (lfn) W vnCt dYstb. (jc} 9/30) dkdb zffrW bb. (jc} 5/17, 72)
dksbv kxkDqW bb. (jc} 5/73) zffrifj spmb rpvk zflm
-sj dhbf
ubj-ubbDsk nxd jsvdYstb, skmdb rpvk nf
-sjW dhbf dikfq nxd
jsvsYb. (jc} 3/59) zfv jfu k]fv dbje zdk nrunfLA. (jc} 19/21)
mrfb zffr k]fsj h iajfv mc'supf hf zstZdjj wd dlsq k]fv bhczsk
nfrfpA jsvdYstb. spmb, zffrv zbcmdksm jflf dlsq oVf ifdJv uDhblfb,
umf W jchAdLoas j dbvfmq jvB, mxksj uDhblfb iaHdx k.
mfvqAfm-kbq nf
zlAfhdL uDdhk zfsYb. wvf pJb k]fsj h Osv
rkAf jvsk zfsn, kJb zffr kfzftf k]fsj zfnmfsb dEsq sbb hQ k]fv
nryvhsoGv sjfbW jubsj k]fv vi W zfjxdk lfb jsvb, pfsj kfvf cwdh
jsv rkAf jsv. dj iajk
x is[ kfvf rpvk nf
-sj rkAf jvsk hf
cwdh jvsk ifsv db. (jc} 4/157-158)
zfsJvD pfmfbfq dkdb icbvfq ixdKhDsk zhkvB jvshb. bAfq-ivfqB hflwfr
rshb. cw hf `ntDh' sHs sItshb. wCjv rkAf jvshb. pJb Lb-nil k
shwD rsh sp, oarBjfvD sj Kfjsh bf. dkdb swN bhD mcrfmfl v mk
rsq zfomb jvshb. wvDqsk mcrfmfdlqf zbcpfqD dhyfv-mDmfQnf jvshb hQ
ntfm YfVf sjfb LmG jfsvf ubA mfbshb bf. (mc} 155 bQ) kJb njt JaDfb
ntfm LmG oarB jvsh. (jc} 4/159)

r
cr
rppvvk
k mmr
c ffmmffll
mcndtmvf njt ivosvv iv mfb zfsb. dhswN jsv bhD rpvk mcrfmfl
()zkh k]fv mfkf mfvqAfm hf smvD. k]fv dikf sj bq. ncI hf spfsnI k]fv dikf bq.

spfsnI k]fv iadkiftbjfvD hst jdKk zfsY.

kfWrDl

25

-v dvnftskv iv. dkdb nhGswN bhD. k]fv iv zfv sjfb bhD sb. (jc}
33/40) k]fv isv WrDv lvufW h rsq sosY. zkh pdl sj k]fv iv
bhczskv lfhD jsv zKhf lfhD jsv sp, kfv iadk WrD zhkDBG rq, kfrst sn
H dmKcAj jfsIv.
rpvk zfrmfl dub-bnfb ufdk-LmG dbdhGswsN nmoa uofnDv ubA zffrv
kvI sKsj siadvk vnCt (lCk). (jc} 34/28) k]fv LmG nm LmGsj mbnCJ (vdrk)
W hfdkt jsv dlsqsY. kf uohfnD mfbh-lfbshv ubA k]fv iadk mfb zfbf
hQ k]fv wvDqskv zbcnvB jvf Wqfsuh.
bhD mchfwXdwv v wvDqk mrfiatq dlhn djqfmk zhdL ufvD Kfjsh. rpvk
nf
icbvfq ixdKhDsk sn k]fv wvDqskv zbcnvB jvshb. iCshG j j
bhD j j slw, ufdk W sofDv ubA siadvk rskb. dj k]fv isv zfLcdbj
pfdj nHAkfv pcso nfvf ixdKhD mf jde wrsvv mk rsq pfWqfv Ist zfv
dkDq sjfb bhDv iasqfub rq db.
dkdb wvDqskv jKf pf djYc htskb dbsuv kvI sKsj htskb bf. mrfb
zffrv kvI sKsj k]fsj pf iakAfslw rk, dkdb kf htskb. (jc} 53/3-4)
kf k]fv zdmq hfBDsk zhfh W zShfdbj djYc sb.
k]fv iadk mfb zfbfv iv mcndtsmv iv jsqjde dudbn Wqfsuh rsq isV;
k]fv wvDqk nisjG pKfnfLA fbtfH jvf. k]fv zbcnvB jvf, k]fv hdBGk njt
(nrDr) hfBDsj nkA ufbf. dkdb pf zfslw jsvb, kf iftb jvf, pf dbsNL jsvb
kf huGb jvf. k]fv zflswG zflwGhfb rWqf. njt nxdv sysq k]fsj diaq ufbf.
k]fv diaqsj diaq hst mfbf. k]fv wsj dbsuv w hst fb jvf.
bhD zfhct jfsnm dYstb bhDjct dwsvfmdB. mfbh-lfbh jcst nhGswa, hvQ
dkdb `zfwvfIct mfJtCjfk' hf njt nxdv snvf dYstb. dkdb nf jcvfw
hQswfCk.
djqfmskv mfsE dkdb njstv ubA zffrv lvhfsv (hV) ncifdvw jvshb.
`mfjfsm mfrmCl' hf iawQdnk fsb zdLfb jvshb dkdb. k]fv rfsk `rfmXl'
(dkv) ikfjf rsh sndlb. sp ikfjf kst rpvk zflm
nr nmoa
mfbhufdk zfwaq sbsh. `rfWsp jfWNfv' shsrsv zmxk-nsvfhsvv zdLjfvD
rsq mskv kxf dbhfvB jvshb dkdb.
dkdb zffrv diaqkm JtDt (hc). zffrv jfsY nmoa nxd zsi[f nhGfdLj
diaq dkdb, spmb k]fv dbje nhGfdLj diaq mrfb zffr. dkdb mcfjDsbv mfm.
njt zfdqfv mfm. zflm nfsbv dwsvfvk. lcufrfsbv zdhnQhfdlk sbkf.
`znDtfr' (uffskv j nc-y fb) hQ `IpDtfr' (ivm mpGflf)v zdLjfvD.
k]fv mk nhGswa mk. rfwsvv (icbvfsbv) dlb dkdb nhGiaKm nmfdL
sKsj dk rshb. dpdb shsrsv lvuf Jctshb hQ nhfv zfso kKfq iashw
jvshb.
dkdb dYstb msbfvm dw, Hfh-nclv djswfv, ydvhfb W zflwGhfb pchj.
zdk sOfv zjfv ufsrdtqfskv pcsoW dkdb dYstb dw-ncwDt, zmfdqj mLcv

kfWrDl

26

nlftfiD, dhbma, n{ W mr{ mfbcN. k]fv wvfW k]fsj nkAhflD W dhw

zfmfbklfv hst ufbk. k]fv ncwDa syrfvf mchfvsj nkAhfdlkfv nci zfHf
dYt. nkA W bAfsqv jfsY dkdb dYstb zdk sjfmt W bma. dj dmKAf, hfdkt W
zbAfsqv dhvs dYstb zdk jsEfv W ncjdEb. k]fv hAdok hAfifsv jfsvf jfY
sKsj dkdb iadkswfL oarB jsvb db. k]fv mb dYt lfv, h[ dYt iaw.
isvfijfvD W isvv lc}sJ lc}JD dYstb. dkdb dYstb nfvf uofnDv ubA `vrmk'.

(jc} 21/107)

dhwbhD mcrfmfl
zfmfslv mk v, mfQn W zdv oVf mfbcN dYstb.
zfmfslv mk dikfv vsn W mfkfv osHG k]fv um rsqdYt. zfmfslv mk dkdb
sJskb, ifb jvskb. nc-znc Kfjskb. dhmxk rskb, mvB jvskb. dhhfrwflD jsvsYb, k]fv jfdLj D dYt. dkdb nfsbv ubj dYstb. hAhnf-hfdBuA
jvskb. lc}J-swfj, hAKf W pBf zbcHh jvskb. k]fv ianfa h-ifqJfbf rk hQ
kf zidh dYt. k]fv bfifjDv WpC-sofnstv iasqfub rk. (dk} 2491 bQ)
uDdhk dYstb, djft jsvsYb. mfbcsNv njt iajdx k W iasqfub k]fv mfsU
dYt.
dkdb W njt bhD mfbcN dYstb. (jc} 6/91, 14/11, 17/93, 18/110, 21/34,
41/6) mcwdvj W jfsIvvf zfdqfoBsj mfbcN hst zDjfv jvk. kf kfvf
jJsbf bhD -sj ofsqshv Jhv djqfmk nQOdek rWqfv nmq dufnf jvk.
zffr hstb, sn Jhv kfv jfsY sb, zfmfv jfsY. (jc} 79/42)
jJsbf htk, `jJsbf skfmfsk dhwfn fib jvh bf, pk[B bf kcdm zfmfslv
ubA HCdm rsk ianha B {nfdvk jvsh. zKhf skfmfv sJucsvv hf zfcsvv j
hfofb rsh, pfv I]fsj I]fsj kcdm zuna Lfvfq blD-bftf iahfdrk jvsh. zKhf
skfmfv LfvBf mk zfjfwsj J-dhJ jsv zfmfslv iv sItsh. zKhf zffr
W dIdvfslvsj zfmfslv nmcsJ idk jvsh. zKhf skfmfv jde BG-dbdmGk
oxr rsh. zKhf kcdm zfjfsw zfsvfrB jvsh -dj skfmfv zfjfw zfsvfrB
zfmvf jJsbfW dhwfn jvh bf, pk[B kcdm zfmfslv iadk j oa zhkDBG bf
jvsh, pf zfmvf ifE jvh.'
mrfb zffr hstb, `ht, idh mrfb zfmfv iadkiftj. zfdm skf sjht
jub mfbcN, jub vnCt mf. (jc} 17/90-94)
htf hftA, mcwdvjvf k]fsj mfbcN kKf bhD hst mfbk bf. kf mfbcsNv nfsLA pf
bq kf k]fsj jvsk htk. jub mfbcN `vnCt' rsk ifsvb - jKfq kfvf
zhfj rk hQ kf znHh msb jvk. pfv Ist bhDsj dmKAfhflD LfvBf jvk.
(jc} 7/63-64, 69, 36/15) zfhfv jJsbf k]fsj ncl[ pflcjv msb jvk. (jc} 10/2,

21/3)

kfv bhDv ubA mfbcN rWqfsj slfNfhr msb jvk. kf htk, `mfbcN dj
zfmfslv isKv nfb slsh?' (jc} 64/6) htk, ` sjmb vnCt, sp zfrfv jsv
hQ rfse-hfufsv ytf-sIvf jsv?' (jc} 25/7) kfvf kfslv nD-nfKDslv htk,
` skf skfmfslv mk jub mfbcN, skfmvf pf zfrfv jv, sn skf kf zfrfv
jsv hQ skfmvf pf ifb jv, snW kf ifb jsv. pdl skfmvf skfmfslv mk

kfWrDl

27

jub mfbcsNv zbcnvB jv, ksh skfmvf zhwA [dkoa rsh.' (jc} 23/33-

34)

i[fsv sjfb mfbcN k]fv mk (nmfb) bq. zfmvf k]fv mk mfbcN b.

zdkiafjxk dhNsq sj k]fv mk bq. dkdb jefbf svfpf vfJskb. nfrfhDoB
k]fv mk vfJsk yfstb. dkdb htstb, ` dhNsq skfmvf zfmfv mk bW. zfdm
skf vfd zdkhfdrk jdv, zfv zfmfv iadkiftj zfmfsj ifbfrfv jvfb.' (mc}

1103, dm} 1986 bQ)

mcf If
nmcsJ spmb slJskb (dhswN jsv bfmfsp) iyfskW skmdb
slJskb. (mc} 423 bQ) k]fv zd[q dbfok rk, dj rlq nlf ufoak Kfjk.

(hc} 1147, mc} 738 bQ)

wqkfb njt mfbcsNv zfjxdk LfvB jvsk ifsv, dj k]fv zfjxdk LfvB jvsk
ifsv bf. (hc} 110, mc} 2266 bQ) k]fv slr W OmG dYt ncvdHk. (dm} 5787 bQ) k]fv
hAhrk W slr sKsj dhdY (mtmC W v YfVf) njt dudbn dYt msrZNL. dkdb
dYstb nxdv snvf mfbcN. zffrv diaqkm slfX. k]fv iChG W isvv de mfuGbf jvf
rsqdYt. (hc} 4836 bQ, mc}) dnbfyfj jsv k]fv rlq idh W iafiCBG jvf rsqdYt.

(mc} 163 bQ)

mcukfhf dYstb t ialDi. (jc} 33/46) k]fv syrfvf dYt iCdBGmfv y

zsi[f nclv. slsrv vM dYt soZvhBG, spb kf y]fdl-dbdmGk. (wf}mc} 27, 29ix})
nmoa mfbh ufdkv iajdx k sKsj k]fv zkcAy zdkiafjxk B W ShdwA dYt.
ixdKhDsk sj dYt, zfsY hf rsh k]fv mk? k]fv nfsK nfLfvB mfbcsNv dj kctbf?
dkdb dYstb znfLfvB, zdkmfbcN, mrfmfbh.
zffrifj k]fv ubA h-dhhfr ShL jsvdYstb. dj dkdb dYstb duskdq W
nQpmwDt. iafq dkdb hflk, kfrfcl W svfpfv mfLAsm dlhfvf zdkhfdrk
jvskb. dkdb nQnfv-dhvfoD dYstb bf, jfmcjW dYstb bf. jfmkxf dbhfvBfsKG
k dhhfr jsvb db. pdl kf rk, kfrst dkdb shsY shsY nhdt nclvD-swaf
jcmfvD pchkD dhhfr jvskb. dj i]dyw hYv hqsn dkdb ydw hYsvv siaZPf
nfsbv mfkf j dhLhfsj iaKmf Dvsi oarB jsvdYstb. kfviv sn siammqD
Dv hkGmfsb (k]fv mxkAc ipG) sjfb dhhfr jsvb db. zfhfv pJb dkdb jub
jcmfvDsj Dvsi hvB jsvb kJb k]fv dbsuv hqn hfrf hYv!
dkdb zivsj jcmfvD dhhfr jvsk c jvskb. (hc} 5080, n}uf} 3932
bQ) jcmfvD pchkD hQ zjcmfvD dhLhfv msLA ifKGjAW ufbskb. dj khcW dkdb
iajdx k W iahdx sj iafLfbA bf dlsq k]fv mCt spZhsb j dhLhfsj hQ hfLGsjA
jde mf jcmfvD W zhdw zjcmfvD hQ dhLhfsj Dvsi hvB jsvdYstb.
jKf fbomA bq sp, sp icvN jfmfn rsh sn dhLhf hqfslv dhhfr jvsh
hQ jcmfvD pchkDslv iadk s[iW jvsh bf. zfhfv iCBG spZhbjft zdkhfdrk
jsv hxjfst dhhfr jvsh. zKy dkdb Yf jvst sn pcsov zfvshv nclvD-swaf
pchkDslvsj zbfqfsn (zpfdykHfsh) Dvsi hvB jvsk ifvskb.
zfnst k]fv h-dhhfsrv iyfsk h mCtAhfb pcd, kf{ipG W jfvB zfsY}1. dw[fok jfvB } zflwG mfbcsNv jfdLj uDhb-ndbD fvf k]fv ydv,

kfWrDl

28

zfHAvDB zfyvB, nfQnfdvj zflwG hQ bfvD nQf dhdH fkhA dhNq Jch
nC[Hfsh hA rsqsY.
2. LmGDq zbcwfnbok jfvB } ufsrdtqfskv j iaKf dYt sp, ifdtk
icsj zfib vnufk icsv nmfb msb jvf rk. Wqfsvn rk hQ kfv D
zKGf{ ichLcsj iftdqkf wsvv ubA dyvksv dhhfr rfvfm msb jvf rk.
zKy wvDqk msk mcsJ htf hf ifkfsbf zKhf ifdtk ic iftdqD mfsqv ubA
(pKfnmsq idvmfB mk blc ifb bf jdvsq Kfjst) mfrvfm bq, zfsifsn dhhfr
ShL hQ ilGf Wqfsuh. zfv ifdtk icsv D iftdqkf wsvv is[ (dyvksv)
rfvfm bq. (klbcvi ifkfsbf shfb Hfsqv ubA, ifkfsbf Jftf hf IcIc shfbsifv hf
Hfsifv ubA, iftdqkf dikf ifdtkf jbAfv ubA, ifkfsbf mfmf hf yfyf HfoD hf
HfdUv ubA, iDv (?) sjfb mdrtf mcvDslv ubA, iDv-Hf (?) iDv-shfsbv ubA
zShL hf mfrfsvm bq. slv zfsifsn dhhfr ShL hQ ilGf Wqfsuh. jfvB
wvDqsk v, lc W dhhfsrv zfkDqkfq mfrfsvm YfVf zfv sjfb smZdJj
zfkDqkfq mfrfsvm oBA bq. Lvsbv zfkDqkf hckv si oBA rq.)
spsrkc mcsJ htfv sysq jfsu idvBk jsv ialwGsbv iaHfh mfbcsNv msb zdLj
isV, kf hfdkt iaKfv Jb jsv zbcwfnb iadkfv sswA rpvk
pqbfh (vf}) (k]fv ifdtkic pfqslv kftfjiaff D)sj mrfb zffr zfnmfsb
k]fv nfsK dhhfr ni jsvdYstb.
3. nfmfduj jfvB } nclv W zflwG dHdj nmfu oVsk hQ sn nmfsu
pKfKG iaHfh zuGb jvsk, nmfsuv iaLfb iaLfb hAdhsoGv nfsK Shhfdrj nijG
fib jsv mcJA sswA iadk zoanv nru sKsj nrukv rsqdYt. sn jfvsB
rpvk zfsqwf (vf}) W rpvk rfInf (vf})sj dkdb dhhfr-hsb zfh
jsvdYstb.
4. vfuSbdkj jfvB } wsj zfib jvfv ubA Shhfdrj ndfib j
idh bDdk. kAkDk nmfblfb, iashfLlfb, zfwaqlfb iaHdx k mfbdhj bDdkv
zbcnvB jsv diaq bhD (rpvk ndIqf, sm rfhDhf, sm nftfmf, ucqfdvqf
iaHdx k mdrtfsj) dhhfr-nCs so]sK h mfbcNsj jf zfib jsv dbsqdYstb.

(mf} mc} 190)

fsbv nfov mrfbhD

mrfb zffrv kvI sKsj iaf h `ofqhD Jhv'
ufbskb hQ ufbfskb. nxdv zfdl sKsj z ipG nm vkiCBG Jhv dkdb
nQd[ jKfq iajfw jsv sosYb. HCk-HdhNAskv zsbj Jhv dkdb iaswv
svW htskb. dkdb sp Jhv dlsqsYb kf nCphG { nkAvsi OsesY, hfsh
hkGmfsb OesY hQ HdhNAsk Oesh.
nvf' W dm'vfu msBv isv mcwdvjvf kf dmKAf msb jsv nkAkfv iamfB sysq
k]fsj hfqkct mfjslsnv bjwf ns iaw jvst, dkdb mf sKsj kfv Ydh slsJ
iCBvG i hBGbf dlsqdYstb. hlv pcsv iCshG sjfvfwlstv jfv sjfKfq hLAHCdm
rsh kfv bfm W fb dydrk jsvdYstb. (dm} 5871 bQ) Jqhsvv j qflD
mdrtf k]fsj zfmdk jsv dhN-dmdwak mfQn sJsk dlsqdYt, kf dkdb ufbsk
sisvdYstb. (dm} 5931 bQ) mcndtmslv vrnA W pc-iad k ndtk j

kfWrDl

29

sofib i nr j mdrtf mcwdvjslvsj nkjG jvfv sswA mfv isK pfdYt,

kfv Jhv ufdbsq nfrfhf ifdEsq kf iadkrk jsvdYstb. mckf zdHpfsb rpvk
uf'Iv W pfqslv (vf}) wrDl rWqfv nQhfl pcs[ sKsj sj dIsv zfnfv
iCshG mlDbfq zhfb jsv njtsj ufdbsqdYstb. (hc} 3630 bQ) k]fv
djfstv iv zfrst hfqskv msLA rpvk Ifdkmfv (vf}) iaKm mxkcA rsh kf
ufdbsqdYstb. kAjfv h dhNsqv HdhNA{ W zlxswAv Jhv dkdb susbdYstb W
ufdbsqdYstb. dj nh djYc zrD (duhvDt, i hf trfm) mfvI{.
ofqshv Jhv htf rq, dhbf sjfb mfLAm hf znDtfq ufbf zlxwA hf HCkHdhNAskv Jhvsj. zffrv vnCt ofsqh ufbskb bf. zffr uff dpjvr
zrDv mfLAsm k]fsj pf ufdbsqsYb kf dkdb ufbskb. dbu wdsk ofqhD hf
zlxswAv Jhv ufbf jmf nhGfkf zffrv dnIfk (B). sk k]fv sjfb
wvDj sb. mrfb zffr hstb, k]fv dbjse ofqshv yfdh, dkdb hAkDk zbA
sj kf ufsb bf. (jc} 6/59) ht (sr bhD!) zlxswAv fb skf sjht
zffrv zfsY. (jc} 10/20, 11/123, 16/77) kcdm ht, kfvf jkjft dYt
zffr ufsbb, zfjfwmtD W ixdKhDv zfk dhNsqv (ofqshv) fb k]fv.
(jc} 18/26) ht, zffr hAkDk zfjfwmtD W ixdKhDsk sj zlxwA
dhNsqv fb vfsJ bf hQ Wvf jJb icbvdk rsh kf Wvf ufsb bf. (jc} 27/65)
ht, zfdm skfmfslv hdt bf sp, zfmfv dbje zffrv LbHffv zfsY. zlxwA
(ofqhD dhNq) nsW zfdm zhok b hQ skfmfslvsj jKfW hdt bf sp,
zfdm dIdvf. zfmfv iadk pf zrD (iakAfslw) rq zfdm wcLc kfv zbcnvB jdv.

(jc} 6/50)

ht, zffr pf Yf jsvb kf hAkDk zfmfv dbsuv Hfstf-mslv ivW

zfmfv sjfb zdLjfv sb. zfdm pdl ofqshv Jhv ufbkfm, kfrst skf zfdm
iaHCk jtAfB tfH jvkfm hQ sjfb zjtAfB zfmfsj iwG jvk bf. zfdm
skf wcLc dhwfnD nialfsqv ubA nkjGjfvD W ncnQhflhfrD. (jc} 7/188)
ht, --- zfdm ufdb bf, zfmfv W skfmfslv hAfifsv dj jvf rsh. zfdm zfmfv
iadk pf iakAfslw rq sjht kfv zbcnvB jdv. zfdm j nci nkjGjfvD
mf. (jc} 46/9)
nm zlxwAstfsjv nQhfl zfdm skfmfsj wDhfBD fvf zhdrk jsvdY; pf
v iCshG kcdm ufbsk bf hQ skfmfv nialfqW ufbk bf. (jc} 11/49)
ht, zfdm ufdb bf, skfmfslvsj sp dhNsq iadkwadk slWqf rsqsY kf dj
zfn, bf zfmfv iadkiftj v ubA sjfb lDOG dmqfl dv jvshb. dkdb zlxswAv
idvfkf, dkdb k]fv zlxswAv fb jfsvf dbje iajfw jsvb bf. k]fv msbfbDk
vnCt hAkDk; sn s[s zffr vnCstv zsoa W iyfsk iarvD dbsqfduk jsvb.

(jc} 72/25-27)

zk}iv zffrv nmfdbk zfX W vnCstv uhfbD iadBLfbspfoA. dkdb hstb,

zfdm zffrv vnCt. dj zffrv jnm! zfmfv ufbf sb sp, zfmfv W
skfmfslv nfsK dj hAhrfv jvf rsh. (hc} 2687, mc}zf} 6/436)
jlf rpvk duhvDt
k]fsj djqfmk ians dufnf jvstb. sv dkdb

kfWrDl

30

htstb, dhNsq dufdnk dufnj zsi[f zdLj zhok bq. (hc}, mc} 8,

zf}lf} 4695, dk} 2613, dm} 2bQ)

mcwdvjslv mxk dwwcslv (mvsBv iv) zhf nisjG dufnf jvf rst sv
dkdb htstb, kfvf dj jmG dj jvk sn dhNsq zffr ufsbb.(hc} 1383, mc}

2659)

j dhhfr-zfnsv vnCt -v iddksk jkjdt sYfe sYfe hfdtjf

(mfduGk) oDk ofdYt. j Ys kfvf htt, `zfmfslv mfsU mb bhD zfsYb,
dpdb zfofmD jfstv Jhv ufsbb.' kf wcsb dkdb htstb, ef hstf bf, iCshG pf
htdYst kf ht. (hc} 5147, mc} 3140 bQ)
diaqkmf D rpvk zfsqwfv (vf}) ydvs jt vest dkdb mmGfrk rstb.
ofqshv Jhv ufbst vef Jhsv dkdb jBGifk jvskb bf. zk}iv idhkfv
nf[A dbsq nCvf bCsvv jsqjde zfqfk zhkDBG rst db}nslsr dkdb hcUstb sp,
zfsqwf idhf. (hc} 2661, mc} 2770 bQ)
dkdb rpvk pqbfshv dbje iakAr mLc ifb jvskb. nikD zfsqwf W rfInf
(vf}) ivfmwG jvstb sp, k]fslv dbje dkdb st iaskAsj k]fsj htshb,
`zfibfv dbje mfofIDv (j iajfv ofY rsk db}nxk dm zfEfstf vn) v o
ifdY. zfidb mfofdIv sJsqsYb.' htstbW kf. dkdb k]fslv jKfq dhwfn
jsv (pqbfshv dbje) mLc JfWqf rfvfm jvstb. pfv iv zfqfk zhkDBG rt,
sr bhD! zffr skfmfv ubA pf ShL jsvsYb, kcdm skfmfv Dslv JcwD jvfv ubA
kf zShL jvY sjb? (jc} 61/1, hc} 5267, lc}m} 8/213)
nckvfQ dkdb ofsqh ufbst Dslv jKfq rftftsj rfvfm jvskb bf. mrfb
zffr hstb, nvB jv, bhD kfv Dslv jubsj sofisb djYc hstdYt.
zk}iv kfv sn D kf zbAsj hst dlsqdYt hQ zffr bhDsj kf ufdbsq
dlsqdYstb. bhD dhNsq kfv sn Dsj djYc htt hQ djYc htt bf. bhD pJb kf
kfsj ufbft, kJb sn htt, `zfibfsj sj zhok jvt?' bhD htt, `zfmfsj
zhdrk jsvsYb dkdb, dpdb nhG, nmAjX zhok. (jc} 66/3)
zft-jcvzfsbv Oebf sKsjW hcUf pfq sp, dkdb ofsqh ufbskb bf.
j nIsv rpvk zfsqwfv (vf}) rfv rfdvsq sot. jlt nfrfhfv sJ]fufJ]cduv
ivW kf ifWqf sot bf. zhswsN jcy jvfv nmq ]sev dbsy kf ifWqf sot.
dkdb ofsqh ufbst zbKGj sJ]fufJ]cdusk nmq b jvskb bf.
khcj zdHpfsb k]fv j ]e dbvsw rt. pfql dhb bcnfh mcbfdIj htt,
`mcrfmfl bhD rWqfv lfhD jsv zfnmfsbv Jhv hst slq, zKy kfv ]e sjfKfq
kf kfv ufbf sb!' dkdb htstb, j hAd jKf hst. zffrv jnm! dkdb
pf ufbfb kf hAkDk zfmfv zbA djYc ufbf sb. (zf}dn} 324ix})
zbcviHfsh dkdb ofsqh ufbst dh'sv mfbfq 70 ub jfvD wrDl rskb bf
hQ k]fv zbAfbA njt dhil sKsj h]fyfv iK iCshG ufbsk ifvskb.
kAkDk zfsvf h iff ltDstv dHdsk zfrst ncfr isvf zfjDlfr
vfsJ. kf IfkfWqf jfpDJfb (4/469)sk htf rsqsY, `tsm ofsqshv lfhDlfv
jfsIv.' wfvsr dIjsr zfjhfv (184ix})sk htf rsqsY, `zfdqfoB ofsqshv

kfWrDl

31

Jhv ufbskb bf.' lcsvG mcJkfv (1/17) hQ mcjffmfr srlfqfr (1/59)sk htf
rsqsY, `tsm ofsqh zffr YfVf zfv sjfb mJtCsjv sb.'
i[fsv ofsqh ufbf bhczskv idviCvj sjfb zQw hf dhNq bq. dkdb ofsqh
ufbskb bf htst k]fv mpGflf W bhczskv sjfb iajfv rfdb rq bf. spsrkc ofsqh
ufbf jmf zffrv B W ShdwA. kf kfsk sjfb dIdvf, bhD, ztD hf zbA
sj wvDj bq. snsrkc zfjDlf iamfB W sifNB jvf hQ dhwfn vfJf mrfbhD
-v iadk sjfb iajfv shqflhD bq. hvQ k]fv W k]fv dbslGswv iadk pKfKG zflh
hQ zffrv kfWrDslv iv iCBG mfb.
dkdb ntfsmv mchfdo W iayfvj dYstb. dkdb ntfsmv vydqkf hf dbmGfkf
dYstb bf. dkdb zffrv kvI sKsj zjfsv dbmdk iK mfbcsNv ubA
siadvk bCv (suAfdk hf zfstf) dYstb. sn bCv hf zfstfsk ufsrdtqfskv
kmnfY pco W nmfu zfstfdjk rt. dlwfrfvf mfbcN sn zstfjhdkGjfq
zjfsv nvt isKv dlwf sit. k]fv slr bCvfbD dYt, dj dkdb bCv hf bCv sKsj
nxd dYstb bf. mrfb zffrv nxd hxfs jmf dIdvf bCv sKsj nxd. zfv
bhD mcIf
dIdvfW dYstb bf. (jc} 6/50) nhGiaKm zffrifj zfvw W
jtm nxd jsvb. (mc}zf} 5/317, w}kf} 275ix}) bCsv mcrfmflD zffrv iaKm
nxd bq. i[fsv sp rflDsn bCsv mcrfmflDv jKf htf rsqsY, kf uft hf hfdkt
rflDn.
mfbcsNv mk k]fv slsrv Wub dYt. (dm} 1147, 5774 bQ) k]fv wvDsvv Yfqf
dYt. htf rq, k]fv bCsvv Utsj slsrv Yfqf zinfdvk rk. dj kf nkA rst,
k]fv oxsr sjfb ialDi hf zfstfv iasqfub iVk bf. zKy k]fv nm dhdhoB -
iasjfs ialDi hAhrfv jvskb. (11)
dkdb dhbf `zfqb' hf `zf'-v `zfvh' (zKGf{ vh!) dYstb bf. dYstb bf dhbf
`mDm' hf `m'-v zfrmfl (zKGf{ zfrfl!). `vh' W `zfrfl' skf zffr
kfzftf. zfv dkdb skf k]fv `zfX' W `vnCt' dYstb. k]fsj sp zffrv zfvsw
zfnDb jsv zKhf `dpdb mcrfmfl, dkdb sJflf' msb jsv, sn iff mcwdvj hQ
bfnfvfv mk jfsIv. (jc} 3/79-80, I}t} 1/311)
dkdb bf rst uo{ nxd rk bf. zKhf `sn Ict pdl bf Icdek, djYc iqlf bf
rk. bf jdvk zfvw-jcnDG utDt vct' hst sp jKA hf rflDn stfj mfsU iadn
zfsY, kf f hQ uft hf oVf rflDn. zdkvbjfvDvf Hslv msbfvsbv
Jfdksv jfdtmfsj bqbfb hst vi rflDn osV stfj mfsU iayfv jsvsY.
iaskAj mfbcsNv zfdl dikf rpvk zflm . sn drnfsh njt mfbcN j
zisvv Hf. j mc'dmb ziv mc'dmsbv Hf. (jc} 9/11, 49/10) dj mfbcsNv
idvshsw dbsuv dikf, dikxhA, mfkct zKhf sn vjm sjfb zfkDqsj Hf htf
shzflhD. ki zffrv vnCt jdlj sKsj zfmfslv Hf. dkdb dbsuW
nfrfhfslv hstsYb, zfdm skfmfslv Hf, skfmvf zfmfv Hf. dj nfrfhfoB
() iajfw Kfsj sp, k]fv syrfvfv bCsv rpvk zfsqwfv (vf}) nCy jcVfsbfv rflDn wc bq.

kfWrDl

32

sjfb dlb vnCtc fr -sj Hf hst nsfLb jsvb db. k]fvf k]fv nrLdmGbDoBsj `zfmf' htskb, dj k]fsj `zff' htskb bf. zkh zfmfslv ubA k]fsj
`zff' hf `hV Hf' htf zbcdyk.
dkdb zfmfslv kf'pDmspfoA, wafil, HdHfub, nmfsbv if, zbcnvBDq,
zbcjvBDq, iKialwGj, zffrv vnCt. nfff zftfdr znffm. k]fv nmfb W
mpGflf njstv dikf-fkf sKsj h sLG.
p]fvf zffrv isK mfvf pfb (wrDl rb), k]fvf mxk bb, hvQ uDdhk. (jc}
2/154) k]fvf msvW zmv Kfsjb. [BfqD uDhb rfdvsq k]fvf zb ncsJv
uDhb ifb. ksh sn uDhsbv jKf zfmfslv shfLomA bq.
bhD jvDm jhsv hfvpfJD uDhsb uDdhk zfsYb. spJfsb dkdb zdkwq wfdv
nfmoaD tfH jsvsYb, pf zffr uff wf'bcr k]fv kfhtDsov iadklfb vi k]fsj
ialfb jsvsYb. ifdKGh uDhsbv mk dkdb uDdhk bb. hvQ sn uDhb rjft W
ivjfstv mLAhkGD uDhb, mLAjft pfsj `rfqfsk hfvpfJ' hst.
zkh zbAfbA zfdqfv mk dkdbW rstfj rsk sjft jsvsYb. (jc}
21/34, 39/3, 55/26) nfrfhfsq sjvfm k]fv sofnt dlsq jfIb idvsq k]fv
iv ufbfpfv bfmfp isVsYb. zk}iv rpvk zfsqwfv (vf}) uvfq nmfdL
Jbb jsv nmfdL jsvsYb. i[fsv dkdb pdl ifdKGh uDhsbv mk uDdhk
Kfjskb, kfrst dbyq nfrfhfoB k]fsj uDdhk nmfdL jvskb bf.
pdl bf dkdb sjft jvskb, kfrst mcndtm ufrfsb iafsBv sysq diaqkm bhD
dhsqfso sn rlq-dhlfvj swfj W shlbfv Yfqf sbsm zfnk bf hQ zfu ipG
mcndtm ufrfsb dbjxkm lcvhf slJf dlk bf.
snrmqD jbAf Ifskmf (vf}) pJb dikfv dbje k]fv mxkcA zfnfv Jhv wcbstb,
kJb dkdb sj]sl Estb. icbvfq Hfsh dkdb jbAfsj k]fv sjfstv iv k]fv
nfsK k]fv (jbAfv) iaKm nf[f{ rhfv (zKGf{ k]fv mxkcAv) jKf ufbfstb, kJb
dkdb srsn Estb. dj dkdb pdl mxkcAv isvW ifdKGh uDhsb uDdhk Kfjskb,
kfrst dkdb j]flskb sjb? zfhfv mvsBv iv k]fv nfsK k]fv iaKm slJf rsh
wcsb JcwD rskb sjb? (mc}zf} 6/282)
dkdb uDdhk sb hst rpvk Ifskmf (vf}) iaKm JtDIf rpvk zfhC hfjXv
(vf})-v dbje dikfv mDvfn sysqdYstb. (hc} 4240, zf}lf} 2968 bQ)
nfrfhfsq sjvfm k]fsj rfdvsqdYstb hst sJtfIskv ubA js umfsqk
rsq dhdH hfoXdhkfv iv rpvk zfhC hfjXv (vf})-sj JtDIf dbpc jsvb.
dkdb pdl uDdhk Kfjskb hQ lcdbqf W lcdbqfv mfbcsNv nfsK pdl k]fv sjfb
zftfi W nijG Kfjk, kfrst kxkDq JtDIf rpvk nmfb
hQ ykcKG
JtDIf rpvk zftD -v pcso mcndtm ufrfsb sp zOeb OsedYt kf Oek bf.
Ifqnftf W dbidv ubA dbyq nfrfhfsq sjvfm hQ kfshqDsb pfmoB k]fv
nmfdLv dbje sn k]fv ivfmwG W zff dbskb. dkdb uDdhk Kfjst sn v[qD
Hqfhr oxrpcs sj dbsuv iafB dlk bf.
htf hftA dkdb rstfj kAfo jsvsYb. k]fv idh zfkf hf vrsj zffrifj

kfWrDl

33

`zf'tf dqDb' nshGf{jx yfsb n-nmfsb fb dlsqsYb.

ruo{ sKsj sjfstv iv spsrkc mfbcsNv nm zfmt h rsq pfq, kf
dkdb bf jfsvf ubA soIfv hf [mf iafKGbf jvsk ifsvb, zfv bf jfsvfv mnDhk
hf lc}Juftf dhlCdvk jvsk ifsvb.(12) zKy dkdb zffrv nxdvk, diaq JtDt,
mcf If W mcukfhf. khcW dkdb k]fv zfX. zfX W mf'hCslv zfnb nlf dH.
lc}Juftf lCv jvf skf mf'hCslv jfu mf.
l pcs k]fv syrfvf mchfvj vf rt. dkdb jfsIv spffslv ubA hczf
jvstb. zffrv kvI sKsj uhfh t, skfmfv jvBDq djYc sb, dkdb kfslv
kWhf oarB jvsk ifsvb, zfhfv wfdW dlsk ifsvb. (jc} 3/128)
pJb skfmfv ubhoGsj kcdm nkjG jsv lfW (jc} 26/214) - zfqfk
zhkDBG rt, kJb zffrv vnCt njt zfkDq-ubsj sFsj htstb, Wsr
jcvfw lt! (kfWrDl W hflk fvf) dbsu dbsuv iafB h]fyfW. zfdm zffrv
lvhfsv skfmfslv ubA djYc jvsk ifvh bf. Wsr hbD zfs mfbfI! zfdm
zffrv lvhfsv skfmfslv sjfb jfsu zfnh bf. sr (yfyf) zffn dhb zfct
mcfdth! zffrv jfsY zfibfv sjfb ijfsv zfnh bf. sr IcIc ndIqAfr! zfdm
zffrv lvhfsv zfibfv sjfb nrspfdokf jvsk ifvh bf. sr shde Ifskmf! pk
Yf zfmfv jfsY Lb-nil sysq bfW. zfdm zffrv nms[ skfmfv sjfb nfrfpA
jvsk ifvh bf. (hc} 2753 bQ)
zKGf{, k]fv drnfh W zfpfh rsk dkdb k]fslv jfsjW dbjdx k dlsk ifvshb
bf. jmf dbu dbu mfb W zfmt njtsj mcd slsh.
htf hftA, vi pdl zffrv JtDstv rq sp, dkdb bf k]fv dhbf zbcmdksk
jfsvfv ubA ncifdvw jvsk ifvshb, bf ifvshb jfsj k]fv zfpfh sKsj h]fyfsk.
zfv bf- zffrv Yf hAdksvsj jfsj uffsk iashw jvfsk ifvshb. kfrst
zbAfbA bhD hQ ztD-iDvslv dj rft rsk ifsv? sndlb sj zisvv ubA
sjfb djYc jvfv nfmKGA Kfjsh bf hQ nm jkGk
x rsh zffrv. (jc} 82/18)
zfhC kfstshv mxkAc v nmq zffrv vnCt k]fv jfsY idk rsq htstb,
yfyf! zfidb `tf tfrf ffr' (zffr hAkDk sj nkA ifnA sb) htcb,
zfdm djqfmsk kf ltDtvi zffrv nfmsb siw jsv k]fv zfpfh sKsj v[f
jvfv ncifdvw jvh. dj ifswG zfcfr dhb zfdh mfqf W zfhC surt
hsndYt, kfvf k]fsj -LmG kAfo jvsk hfLf dlst zfhC kfsth jfstmf iVsk
zDjfv jvstb. mrfbhD htstb, pk[B bf zfmfsj dbsNL jvf rsqsY,
kk[B zfdm zfibfv ubA zffrv dbje `doIfv' ([mf iafKGbf) jvsk
Kfjh.
dj zffrv kvI sKsj v t, bhD hQ mcdmbslv ubA nk bq sp,
kfvf mcwdvjslv ubA [mf iafKGbf jsv, pdlW hf kfvf zfkDq-ub rq; pJb
nci rsq sosY sp, Wvf slfpJhfnD. (jc} 9/113)
zfhC kfstshv hAfifsv zfsvf zhkDBG rt, (sr bhD!) kcdm pfsj diaq msb jv,
(12) zhwA nftfsmv uhfh W bhDslv bfmfp iVfv jKf k.

kfWrDl

34

kfsj srlfqfk jvsk (n{isK zfbsk) ifv bf. (13) hvQ zffr pfsj Yf
n{isK zfbsk ifsvb. zfv dkdb Hft ufsbb jfvf n{isKv zbcnfvD. (jc}

28/56)

zffrv vnCt
jhfv mfsqv jhv dpqfvsk sostb. ns djYc nfrfhfW
dYstb. snJfsb si]ZsY dkdb sj]sl Estb. nfrfhfoB j]flfv jfvB dufnf jvst
dkdb htstb, zfdm zffrv dbje zfmfv (zffv) jhv dpqfvskv hQ
doIfsvv ([mf iafKGbf jvfv) zbcmdk yftfm, dj zffr zfppf zufX
k]fslv ubA doIfsvv zbcmdk dlstb bf. zffrv vnCt v msb iaw ufot
sp, rpvk hvfrDm
skf k]fv dikfv ubA (mcwdvj rWqf nsW) doIfv
jsvdYstb. zffrv kvI sKsj v t, hvfrDm k]fv dikfv ubA [mf
iafKGbf jsvdYt hQ kf (doIfv) kfsj slWqf zffrv jde iadkwadkv ubA
nHh rsqdYt. zk}iv pJb kfv dbje nci rt sp, sn zffrv w, kJb
hvfrDm kfv nisjG dbdtG rsq sot. dbyq hvfrDm dYt sjfmt rlq W
nrbwDt. (jc} 9/114, k}}jf} 2/393)
zkh mrfb zffr hQ klDq vnCstv dbu sOfNBf sp, dkdb zffrv nxdv
snvf JtDt rWqf nsW jfsj srlfqfk jvsk, jfsvf hftf-mnDhk lCv jvsk,
jfsvf ifi Jb jvsk, jfsj zfpfh sKsj mcd dlsk ifvshb bf. pdl kf
nHh rk, kfrst zfib snrmqD ubbD, wafil dikf, dikxhA hQ zbAfbA
zfkDq ubsj v[f jvskb. (14) nchrfbffr! k]fv wfb k]fv drjmksj mfbcN
dbu jibfq zfbsk ifsv bf. (Ifkt mfuDl 168 ix})
smfe jKf njt mtfmstv mfdtj zffr. dkdb vnCt -sj hstb, ht,
zfdm skfmfslv sjfb -zdbsv mfdtj b. ht, zfmfsj sj zffrv
ifjVfW sKsj jJsbf h]fyfsk ifvsh bf hQ zfdm jJsbf zffrv iadkjCst
sjfb zfwaq sisk ifdv bf. (jc} 72/21-22)
nftfID hf zfrst rflDn zffrv vnCt nisjG LfvBf sifNB jsv sp, dkdb
ofsqh ufbskb bf. dbu Jdkqfsv jfsvf mtfmt nfLb jvsk ifsvb bf.
jfsvf hftf-mnDhk lCv jvsk ifsvb bf. k]fv znDtfq lczf jvsk ifvf pfq bf.
dkdb mfbcN dYstb hQ bCv hf zffrv bCv sKsj nxd dYstb bf. dkdb rfdpv-bfdpv
bb. kAfdl zfjDlfr vfJfv Ist k]fv wfb W mpGflfq sjfb jdm zfsn bf. k]fv
zfnb skf h isv. ksh dbyq zffrv nmkctA bq. jfvB, nm jfu W B
skf wcLcmf mrfb zffrv. v dhivDk zfjDlfq k]fsj zffrv nmj[ mfbf rq.
zKy zffrv nmj[ sj sb. zdkvsb vi dhivDk zfjDlfr vfJst
zffrv wfb zhwA jm jvf rq.
hvQ Lvsbv lfhD-lfWqf ufsrdtqfskv mcwdvjvf jvk. kfvf bhD -sj
()jfsj n{isK zfbf sjht zffrv jfu.zffrv vnCt n{iK ialwGb jsv Kfsjb. (jc} 42/52)
()dikxhA zfhCkfsth spsrkc mrfbhD

k]fv djYc zfpfh rff jvf rsh.

v khtDso hV nfrfpA jsvdYstb, kf k]fv ncifdvsw

kfWrDl

35

jJsbf ofsqshv Jhv djqfmk nQOdek rWqfv nmq dufnf jvk. zffr hstb,
sn Jhv k]fv jfsY sb; zfmfv jfsY. (jc} 79/42)
jJsbf hf htk, jJb skfmfsk dhwfn fib jvh bf, pk[B bf kcdm
zfmfslv ubA HCdm rsk j ianha B {nfdvk jvsh. zKhf skfmfv sJucsvv hf
zfcsvv j hfofb rsh. pfv I]fsj I]fsj kcdm zuna Lfvfq blD-bftf iahfdrk
jvsh---.
mrfb zffr hstb, ht, idh mrfb zfmfv iadkiftj. zfdm skf sjht
jub mfbcN, jub vnCt mf. (jc} 17/90-94)
mcndtm kfv diaq bhD -v iv lvl ifE jsv. sn lvl, pf dkdb nfrfhfsq
sjvfmoBsj dwdJsq sosYb hQ ivhkGD zbcofmDoB sp lvl k]fv iv ifE
jsvsYb.
k]fv iadk lvl ifE jvfv nmq sjqfm jvf (lfqmfb rWqf) nfrfhf W
kfshbslv zfmt bq. jfvB, dkdb rfdpv-bfdpv bb. (tXm nr) rfdpv W bfdpv
skf mrfb zffr. dkdb sjfb mrdIst (sjfstv iv) idk rb bf. mdk
sp spJfb sKsj lvl W nftfm ifE W siw jsv, dbdlG dIdvf sn lvl
zffrv bhDv jfsY si]ZdYsq Kfsjb.
zffrv vnCt -v iadk waf W mrk mcndtsmv mfsbv idviCvj. sjfb
mcdmb kk[B ipG mcdmb rsk ifsv bf, pk[B ipG bf sn zffrv vnCt -sj
kfv pfhkDq diaq h, sbkxk-nmfb-odl, Lb-nil, hfnfb, njt mfbcN, sbkfnlGfv, zfkDq-ub, fkf-Hdo, D-ic-jbAf, mfkf-dikf hQ dbsuv uDhb
sKsjW zdLj HfstfshsnsY. (jc} 9/24, hc} 15, mc} 44bQ)
Hfstfhfnf hf mrk wcLc lvl ifsE hf (mboVf) mDtfl zbcfsbv mfLAsm
rq bf. hvQ mrskv ubA jf uvvD k]fv shf W zbcnvB jvf. k]fv
zflswG zflwGhfb rWqf. k]fv pfhkDq zfslwff pKfnfLA iftb jvf hQ
dbsNLff sKsj niCBvG si dhvk Kfjf. (jc} 3/31) k]fv umdlsb {nh jsv
zfbl isHfo jsv bq, dkdb sp ubA hf pfv ubA um dbsqdYstb, kf hvB W
iftb jsv zfbl isHfo jvf.
kfskf svfpfv l hf JcwD kfslv ubA, pfvf svfpfhak iftb jsv. jcvhfbDv l
kfslv ubA, pfvf zffrv vffq k]fv nd dhLfsbv sswA zv dlsq jcvhfbD
jsv. slv dlb mrfbhD rfstfqf hfdbsq sJsqdYstb (jKfde iamfB-nfsi[)
kf sndlbsj nvB jsv rfstfqf hfdbsq sJst k]fv mrskv hdr}iajfw rq bf.
jfvB dkdb rfstfqf sJsqdYstb l pcs k]fv l mchfvj wrDl rsqdYt hst.
kf iajk
x mrskv idvyq dlsk rst durfsl l]fk sHs rfstfqf sJsk rsh.
JcwDv dhNsq Kfjf hQ jsv dhNsq I]fdj slWqf mrk bq, Lxkf. kfYfVf sj
jfsvf zhfLAkf jsv kfv mrk W Hfstfhfnfv zfwf jvsk ifsv bf. jub D
pdl kfv fmDv mb W jKfmk bf yst wcLc fmDv smZdJj kfvDI W Bofb jsv,
jub Yf pdl kfv dw[sjv zfslwmk bf yst dw[sjv wcLc iawQnfofb sosq
shVfq hQ Hfstfhfnfv lfhD vfsJ, kfrst kf nkA rfnAjv.

kfWrDl

36

mcndtsmv Hfstfhfnf spmb JcwD W fsKG Kfsj, skmdb j, kAfo W dhnuGsbW

Kfsj. kfv bfm skf Hfstfhfnf.

mm'c 'c ssu

uppff
jfst jfst ixdKhDsk bhDv zfomb OsesY. iaskAj bhD dbu wvDqk iayfv wcv
jvskb, dj mfbcN k]fsj dybsk ifvk bf. pk dkdb kfslv msb nskAv dhwfn
zfbfv syf jsvb, kk zHfofvf k]fsj ifot, jdh hf ncl[ pflcjv hst lCsv
ndvsq slq zKhf dbsuvf bhDv dbje rsk nsv pfq. mb nmq j wdv
iasqfub dYt, pf kfslv Hcst Hvf zvsj sLftf jsv nkA dhwfsn idviCBG jsv
slq. zfv sn wd dYt zffrv kvI sKsj zfnf zstZdjj wd hf mc'supf.
mc'supf sn zstZdjj hfjAdhbAfn, pf nfLfvBk} sj htsk hf vybf jvsk
ifsv bf. zKhf mb Oebf pf nfLfvBk} Ose bf. pf stZdjj hf fHfdhj bq. sn
zstZdjj, znfLfvB W zfHfdhj jKfmftf hf Oebfsj mc'supf hst -pJb kf
bhDv bhczskv hf vnCstv dvnftskv lfhDv nmKGsb rq hQ k]fv znmKGjslvsj
yAfst jsv. dj h sn vjm zKhf iafq sn vjm zOeb Oefsk sj n[m
rq bf.
mc'supfv jsqjde wkG vsqsY }1. mc'supf sjfb jKfmftf (spmb zft-jcvzfb) zKhf sjfb Oebf-iahfr rsh.
spmb bhD jvDm -v zfcstv mLA sKsj ifdbv UBGf iahfdrk rWqf. rpvk
hvfrDm -sj zfsb bf uftfsbf iaHdx k.
2. kf zstZdjj W zfHfdhj rsh.
3. sjfb bhD hf vnCstv fvf kf nQOdek rsh.
4. bhczk hf dvnftskv lfhDv nmKGsb rsh.
5. lfhD zbcpfqD nkA rsh. dhivDk rst kf mc'supf bq. spmb pdl sj hst,
zfmfv nkAkfv dblwGb nmcsv ifdb lc'Hfo rsh. dj kf bf rsq ifrfV dhlDBG
rt, kfrst kf mc'supf bq.
6. mc'supf ziadkD rsh. sn vjmde jvsk zfv sj n[m rsh bf.
zkh pflc hf dub fvf sjfb djYc Oefsbf mc'supf bq.
mcndtm zfdqfosBv mc'supfv iv mfb vfsJ, dhhfn fib jsv, zf nkA
W hfh hst ufsb. rpvk bCr bhDv (zf}) kcIfb, rpvk hvfrDsmv (zf})
zdov mfsU sKsjW l bf rWqf, rpvk nmft
-sj pshr jvsk dosq
pshr bf rWqf, rpvk duhaDstv (zf}) Ffbf hf ilfOfsk zKhf nmfstv

kfWrDl

37

sofVftDv zfOfsk pmpm j]cqfv {id rWqf, `mfjfsm hvfrDm' ifKsv k]fv
ifsqv bf iVf, rpvk lfslv (zf}) nfsK ihGskv knhDr ifE, rpvk
nctfmfsbv (zf}) ifJDv HfNf hcUf, rfWqfq kf ytf, rpvk mCnfv (zf}) tfdE
nfsi idvBk rWqf, rfk hfmCst vfJfv iv bCsv ymjfsbf, nmc dysv vff rWqf,
rpvk nfv (zf}) mxksj uDdhk jvf, iwG fvf svfoDsj svfomc jvf,
umfk lCv jvf, mfdev SkvD ifJDsj uDdhk vi slWqf, kAfdl nm mc'supf hf
zSbndoGj OebfhtDsj mc'dmb J]fde nkA W hfh hst dhhfn jsv. jfvB, nh
mc'supf nisjG qQ zffr W klDq vnCt zfmfslvsj ufdbsqsYb.
zfmfslv swN bhD -sjW slWqf rsqdYt h zstZdjj wd. k]fv nhsysq
hV mc'supf dYt dhfbmq oa, mcndtsmv uDhb-nQdhLfb `zft-jcvzfb'.
kfYfVf k]fv zcdtv wfvfq y dJdk rsqdYt. (hc} 3636, mc} 2800 bQ)
k]fv nkAkfv nfd[ dlsk rmcdsk jv knhDr isVdYt. (lf}b} 33ix})
jsqjde hx[ ytmfb zhfq k]fv dbje idk rsqdYt. (mc} 3012, dm} 5885

bQ, w}nc}dm} 5922, lf}dm} 5925 bQ)

dkdb sp sJucv ofsY sJfkhf ifE jvskb bkcb dmv SkvDv iv kf huGb jvst
sj]sl sEdYt. (hc} 449 bQ) dkdb nvf' W dm'vfu msB dosqdYstb. (jc}
17/1) iCshG pf OsesY hQ zfofmDsk pf Oesh kfv zsbj djYcv dkdb dbHGct
hBGbf lfb W HdhNAfBD jsvdYstb. hhfv nfmfbA JflAhA k]fv rfsk h JfslA
idvBk rsqdYt. (lf}b} 136-137 ix}) ifbifs zcdt vfJst Uvbf dbUGdvk
rsqdYt jsqjhfv. (hc} 3579 bQ) kAkDk zfsvf h zdkiafjxk OebfhtD
k]fv rfsk nQOdek rsqdYt. nh djYcsj mcndtm db}nslsr iajk
x hfh hst
dhhfn jsv.

nnvvff'' W
W ddmm''vvffu
u
druvskv iCshG j vfs zffrv dbslGsw hcvfsj nWqfv rsq diaq bhD rpvk
duhvDt zfmDsbv nfsK hfqkct mfjslsn pfb. snJfsb zfdqfosBv nWqfvD h]fLfv
fsb hcvfj sh]sL lc vfjfzfk bfmfp isVb. zk}iv duhvDt
kf]sj ns
dbsq zfnmfsbv iadk ysVb. djYc iaswfsvv iv iaKm zfnmfsbv lvuf sJftf rq.
snJfsb rpvk zflm -sj slsJb. zk}iv dkDq zfnmfsb rpvk nf
W rpvk qfrXqAf
-sj, kxkDq zfnmfsb rpvk nCI
-sj, ykcKG
zfnmfsb rpvk lvDn
-sj, im zfnmfsb rpvk rfvb
-sj, N
zfnmfsb rpvk mCnf -sj hQ nm zfnmfsb rpvk hafrDm -sj slsJb
hQ njst kf]v ubA zHAKGbf W lczf jsvb. snJfsb hfqkct mf'mcv hQ
dnlvfkct mcbkfrf (j zivi nchrx { hx[) slsJb. rpvk duhvDt
-sj
dkDqhfv kf]v iajk
x vsi (Yqwk is[) lwGb jsvb. zk}iv zffrifj kf]v

kfWrDl

38

iadk pf WrD jvfv kf jsvb. kf]v h mrfb dblwGbfhtD lwGb jsvb. pf lfb jvfv
kf lfb jsvb hQ ifw Wqf bfmfp Ivp jsvb.
zhkvsBv isK rpvk mCnf
-v zdHkf t ivfmwG zffr kfzftfv
dbje jsqjhfv dIsv dosq ifswv st if]y Wqf bfmfp dbsq ixdKhDsk (mf
mcjfvGfmf) iakAfhkGb jsvb. (mc} 162)
mf mcjfvGfmf sKsj iAfstefsbv hfqkct mcjffn ipG mBsj nvf'
hQ snJfb sKsj bH}msB zffrv nf[fsk idk rWqfsj dm'vfu hst.
hfqkct mfjslsnv iadk msBv sswA dYt, iChhG kDG zfdmqfosBv dhdH mxdk
ialwGb, jcvfwslv msb mrfbhD -v dm'vfu ians iakAq umfsbf. spsrkc
wcLcmf zfnmfsbv Jhv wcbst kfvf zdhhfn jvk. jfvB nh kfslv sofyv
hdrHCk
G . dj pJb kfvf hfqkct mfjslsnv bjwf hQ sn isK iakAfhkGbjfvD
kfslv hdBjlt ns k]fv dbje rsk ufbsk ifvt, kJb kfslv zsbsj
dhhfn jsvdYt.
mcndtmvf mrfbhD -v nvf' W dm'vfu nIsvv iv iCBG dhwfn vfsJ.
zffr uffwfbcr kf]v diaq rfhDhsj dbu nfdsLA sFsjdYstb -kf]v djYc
dblwGbfdl ialwGsbv sswA. (jc} 17/1) pfsk wvDqk iayfsv kf]v msbfht lxP
rq. bH}mB kf]v si bq, sJqfst bq. hvQ nwvDsv ufoakfhfq rsqdYt.
pdl kf sjfb i hf sJqft rk, ksh mcwdvjvf kf swfbf mf zdhwfn W zDjfv
sjb jvk? iv nxdjkGf zffrv dbje nh zdk nru.
dkdb dm'vfsu j vfdv djYcjft dYstb. dm'vfsu 27 hYv jfefsbfv jKf W
dIvfv ivW Wpcv ifdb hsk Kfjf, dhYfbf ovm Kfjf kAfdl jKfv sjfb dHd
jcvzfb W rflDsn dmstbf.
ndEj sjfb kfvDsJv vfd dYt kf dbsqW mksHl vsqsY. dlbdesj nvB jsv
sjfb iftbDq {nh ntfsm sb.

mmk
xk
x Ac Ac
nxdv j dyv zhLfdvk nkA mxkcA. pfv iadk jfsvf zdhhfn sb. sp usmsY
kfsj mvsk rsh. (jc} 3/185, 21/35, 29/57) HC-ixs pf djYc zfsY nm
bwv. (jc} 55/26) mxkcA sKsj pdl sj idvfB sik, ksh nxdv snvf mfbcN
zffrv JtDt rpvk mcrfmfl zhwA mxkcAhvB jvskb bf.
iadk uDshv ubA mxskAv jde dbdlG nmq h]fLf zfsY. kfv mcrCkj
G ftW dhth
hf kvf jvsk bf sisv njst dbLGfdvk nmsq mvsk hfLA. (jc} 7/34) zfhfv
sn nmq hQ mxkAc v fb zffr YfVf sj ufsb bf. (jc} 31/34)
mcdmb hflfv pJb sjfstv nmq idk rq kJb zfnmfb rsk wc tnCphG { vsiv dIdvf ns shsrD jfIb W ncod dbsq zhkvB jsvb hQ
mcdmsbv lxd nms[ ishwb jsvb. zk}iv mftfjct mWkX (zf}) idk rsq
kfv wDNGslsw hsn hstb, `sr idh zfkf ! zffrv nd W [mfv iadk dboGk

kfWrDl

39

rW.' k{[Bf{ jtnD sKsj odVsq zfnf ifdbv bAfq zhtDtfsm zfkf hdroGk
rq. mftfjct mWk (zf}) kf rfsk sbb. zk}iv itsjv msLA iCshGv dIdvfoB
kf]v rfk sKsj dbsq ncomq jfIsb vfsJb hQ kf sKsj ixdKhDv nshGf{jx
dmnXsjv nchfn dboGk rsk Kfsj. zk}iv k]fvf sn zfkfnr zfnmfsbv iadk
Db rb. pfhfv isK iaskAj dIdvf lt kf]slvsj iaw jsvb, ` idh zfkf
jfv?' kf]vf ixdKhDsk iaydtk kfv nshGfm bfm dbsq hstb, Wmcsjv sYst
Wmcsjv. zk}iv lcdbqfv zfnmfsbv (iaKm zfjfswv) dbje si]ZsY k]fvf
zfnmfsbv fsvflXOfeb jvsk hstb. lcqfv mc jvf rq. zk}iv iaskAj
zfnmfsbv dbjekm dIdvflt zfkfv nmfbfsKG kf]slv iyflXofmD rsq
ivhkDG zfnmfb ipG n slb. zfv Hfsh nm zfnmfsb ibDk rb. kJb
zffr hstb, zfmfv hflfv djkfh DqDsb dtdih jv hQ kfsj icbvfq
ixdKhDv dlsj iakAfhdkGk jv. zk}iv sn zfkfsj zdhts kfv dbu slsrv
nfsK nQpc jvf rq.
jfsIsvv mxkAc v nmq zfnmfb rsk jxjfq dIdvf ns smfef h dbsq
zhkvB jsvb hQ kfv lxd nms[ ishwb jsvb. zk}iv mftfjct mWk
(zf}) idk rsq kfv wDNGslsw hsn hstb, `sv JhDn (zidh) zfkf! zffrv
znd W sfsLv iadk dboGk r'. k{[Bf{ zfkfde slsrv dHksv Hsq Ycef-Ycde
jvsk tfso. zk}iv dn iwm rsk (uQ Lvf) wtfjfJ dbjfdwk jvfv bAfq
slr sKsj zfkfsj sufviChj
G dhdY jvf rq. mftfjct mWk (zf}) kf rfsk
sbb. zk}iv itsjv msLA iCshGv dIdvfoB k]fv rfk sKsj dbsq sn smfef hs
vfsJb hQ kf sKsj ixdKhDv dbjxkm mxk iyfv lcoG dboGk rsk Kfsj. zk}iv
kf]vf sn zfkfnr zfnmfsbv iadk Db rb. pfhfv isK iaskAj dIdvflt
kf]slvsj dufnf jsvb, ` JhDn zfkf jfv?' kf]vf ixdKhDsk iaydtk kfv
nhsysq ml bfm dbsq (OxBfv nfsK) hstb, `Wmcsjv shef Wmcsjv.' zk}iv iaKm
zfnmfsbv dbje si]ZsY zfnmfsbv fsvflXOfeb jvsk hstb. dj kfv ubA lcqfv
mc jvf rq bf. (zffr hstb, zhwA pfvf zfmfv dblwGbfhtDsj dmKAf hst
hQ zrQjfsv mcJ dIdvsq sbq zfjfswv fv kfslv ubA mc jvf rsh bf.
zfv kfvf uffskW iashw jvsk ifvsh bf, pk[B bf nCsyv dYla isK iashw
jsv. vsi zfdm zivfLDslv iadkIt slh. kfslv wpAf rsh ufrffsmv hQ
kfslv isv (zfpfshv) zfYflb rsh. Hfsh zfdm zkAfyfvDslv iadkIt
slh. (jc} 7/40-40)
kJb zffr zfpXpf zuff hstb, Wv djkfh ifkfstv dnDsb dtdih
jv. zk}iv zdhts sn zfkfsj ixdKhDv dlsj OxBfHsv dbd[ jvf rq.
sp zffrv zQwD (dwjG) jsv kfv zhf } sn spb zfjfw rsk isV, zk}iv
ifJD kfsj sYf] smsv dbsq pfq, djQhf hfqc kfsj dVsq dbsq j lCvDhkDG fsb
dbs[i jsv. (jc} 22/31) kfviv sn zfkfsj kfv slsrv nfsK nQpc jvf
rq. (mc} zf} 5/287,zf} lf} 4753)

kfWrDl

40

j
jhhvv W
W mmLLAAj
jfft
t
mfbcsNv njt uDhsbv dkbde jft vsqsY. rjft, mLAjft W ivjft. mvsBv
iv jhsv zhfb jftsj mLAjft hf `zftsm hfvpfJ' htf rq hQ mrfiatq hf
djqfmk rhfv iv sKsj wcv rq ivjfstv uDhb. pdlW mLAjft j iajfv
ivjfstv zQw.
mxk mcdmbsj nmfdL jvfv iv pJb kfv zfkfsj slrmsLA nQpc jvf rq
kJb mcbdjv W bfdjv (bDt y[cdhdw jxjfq lc dIdvf) jhsv idk rsq
kfsj hnfb hQ iaw jsvb, `skfmvf vh (iadkiftj) sj?' mcdmb hst, `zfmfv
vh zffr.' k]fvf hstb, `skfmfv LmG' dj ? sn hst, `zfmfv LmG ntfm.'
zk}iv zffrv vnCt -v iadk dk jsv k]fvf iaw jsvb, `skfmfslv
mfsU siadvk hAd sj?' sn hst , `zffrv vnCt' . kf]vf hstb, `sjmb jsv
ufbst kcdm?' sn hst, `zfdm zffrv djkfh (jcvzfb) isVdY hQ kf]v iadk
mfb sbdY hQ nkA hst susbdY.'
kf]vf icbvfq iaw jsvb, `kcdm dj zffrsj slsJY?' sn hst ,`lcdbqfq zffrsj
slJf jfsvfv is[ nHh bq.'
zbv zfjfwhfBD zfsn, zfmfv hflf nkA hstsY. nckvfQ kfv ubA
uffskv dhYfbf dhdYsq lfW, uffkD sifNfj idvsq lfW hQ kfv ubA uffskv
iadk (jhv sKsj) jde lcqfv Jcst lfW. zk}iv uffkD ncomq wDkthfqc
kfv jhsv zfnsk Kfsj.
kfv jhvsj lxd hvfhv ianfdvk jvf rq. zk}iv ncwDa , ncn, nchfdnk j
nD idk rsq hst, `kcdm ncJ W zfbslv ncnQhfl bfW. ef skfmfv
iadkwak dlb.' mcdmb hst, `kcdm sj?' skfmfv syrfvf spb mstv hfkGf hrb
jsv. nD hst `zfdm skfmfv sbj zfmt (n{jmG).' kJb (JcwD rsq) mcdmb
hst, `sr zfmfv iadkiftj! djqfmk nQOdek jv! djqfmk jfsqm jv! pfsk
zfdm zfmfv zfkDq-nislv dbje dIsv spsk ifdv.'
dj mcbdjv bfdjv pJb mxk jfsIvsj (zfkf dIsv ifWqfv iv) hdnsq iaw
jsvb. `skfv vh sj?' jfsIv hst, `rfq rfq! zfdm skf ufdb bf.' kf]vf hstb,
`skfv LmG dj?' sn hst, `rfq rfq zfdm skf ufdb bf!' zk}iv kf]vf zffrv
vnCt -v iadk dk jsv iaw jsvb, `sj hAd pf]sj skfslv mfsU siadvk
jvf rsqdYt?' sn hst rfq rfq! zfdm kfW skf ufdb bf! kJb stfsjv mcsJ pf
wcbkfm kf htkfm.' dIdvf htshb, `kcdm iVW db hQ ufbW db.' (15)
zbv zfjfwhfBD zfsn, W dmKAf htsY. nckvfQ Wv ubA ufrffsmv
() htf hftA, mcndtm iVfswfbf jsv, wcsb jDb hf iakAq svsJ nh djYc nkA ufsb hst jhsv

nh iaswv v kfv is[ nru. dj jfsIv spsrkc LmG dhNsq fbyyGf jsv bf zKhf sjfb LmG
jKfq jBGifk jsv bf djQhf jvstW kfv msb jDb hf iakAq usm bf, hvQ nh djYc ztDj W
zhfh Hfsh hQ kfsk nslr sifNB jsv kf sn uosk nh iaswv v ufbstW
zdhhfsnv jfvsB sn uosk si]ZsY nh dhnxk rsh.

kfWrDl

41

(zfocsbv) dhYfbf dhdYsq lfW hQ Wv ubA (jhv sKsj) ufrffsmv iadk jde
lcqfv Jcst lfW.
zk}iv kfv jhsv ufrffsmv hfkfn zfnsk Kfsj. kfv jhvsj
nQjcdyk jvf rq. kfsk kfv lc'-dlsjv ivfd J]fufJf]du rsq pfq. zk}iv
jcwDa , jcn lcoGmq j nD idk rsq (hA jsv) hst; `kc lc}J W lcodG kv
ncnQhfl sb'. ef skfv iadkwak dlb.' kJb jfsIv (wdk rsq) hst, `sj
kc? skfv mcJmt spb zmstv hfkGf hrb jsv.' nD hst `zfdm skfv ml
zfmt (zn{jmG).' kJb sn htsh, `sr zfmfv iadkiftj! djqfmk nQOdek
jsvf bf.' (mc} zf} 5/287, } mf} 4268)
mrfb zffr hstb, pJb Wslv jfsvf mxkcA idk rq kJb sn hst, `sr
zfmfv iadkiftj! zfmfsj icbvfq (ixdKhDsk) siavB jv, pfsk zfdm n{jfu
jvsk ifdv, pf zfdm iCshG jdvdb.' bf rhfv bq. skf Wv jde jKfv jKf.
Wslv nmcsJ icbvfb dlhn ipG phdbjf (zftsm hfvpfJ hf mLAjft)
Kfjsh. (jc} 23/100)
jhv zfsJvfskv iaKm mdt. (mc}zf} 163) jfsIv W Ifsnsjv ubA Hqv
zjfv Ov. zfhfv mcdmsbv ubA zfstfmq. jfsIsvv ubA zdk nQjDBG ufqof,
nfi-dhYc W bfbf zfpfshv oxr. i[fsv mcdmsbv ubA nciwa fb, wfd W
vrmskv Ov. ksh Hfstf-ml njt mfbcsNv jhv zk} jhfvW kfsj sysi
Lvsh. (n}uf} 6864)
bfhftj dwwc W ifotslv jhsv ivD[f jvf rsh dj bf, sn nisjG mksHl
vsqsY. ksh djqfmsk kfslv ivD[f sbWqf rsh. (I}}kf} 4/257,277)
jhsvv zfpfh W vrmk, mcbdjv-bfjDsvv iaw kAfdlsj mcndtm dhbf SjdIqsk
nkA W hfh hst mfsb W dhhfn vfsJ. dj W sjmb sjfb iaw kfv msb slaj
rq bf. jfvB, ifdKGh W ufodkj LfvBf, jibf fb ifvstZdjj W ofqhD sjfb
zfjxdk hf vsiv bfoft ifq bf. zffrv Yf hAdksvsj mvsBv ivjfstv sjfb
zhf hf B mfbcsNv dlaqoafrA bq. (w}kf} 450)
wfdspfoA iaskAsj sn mLAjfst si]ZsY wfd W zfpfh sHfo jvsh. kfsk sn
mfdev jhsv srfj djQhf sjfb uv uEsv zKhf nmcla orsv. zfocsb icsV Yf
srfj djQhf mvHCdmsk LcdtjBf rsq hfkfsn Vcj. jhvhfnDv sp zhf sn
zhf kfslvW rsh. mcndtm kf db}nslsr dhhfn jsv.
jcvzfb mfuDslv jfdLj zfqfsk jhsvv zfpfh nidjGk dk ifWqf pfq.

(jc} 9/101, 14/27,40/45-46)

zffrv drjmk W Yf zbcpfqD dkdb sjfb sjfb hAd dhswNsj jhsvv zfpfh
wcdbsq W sldJsq Kfsjb. spmb, mrfbhD
jsqjhfv dbsu wcsbdYstb. (hc}

216, mc} 192,2867)

spmb dbbdtdJk jsqj iajfv hfvpfJD zfpfh zffrv bhD si slsJdYstb

}
pfv dmKAf htf zHAfn sn hfvpfsJ stfrfv zf]jcdw fvf dbsuv lc oft OfV ipG
IfVsY. zivdlsj sIsV icbvfq iaKmdlj IfVfq iCshG kf iCshGjfv zhfq

kfWrDl

42

z[kvsi idvhdkGk rsY. zfv Hfsh dmKAfhflD djqfmk ipG dbsuv rfsk
dbsusj wfd dlsk Kfjsh.
pfv jfsY jcvzfbD tXm zfsY (zfstm, jfvD) zKy kfv iadk zhsrtf jsv
vfs dblafq dhsHfv Kfsj hQ dlsb kfv iv zfmt jsv bf kfsj (hQ sp Ivp
bfmfp bf isV Ocdmsq Kfsj kfsj) hfvpfsJ dy{ jsv wfdqk jvf rsqsY. zfv kfv
wDNGslsw lfqmfb jub (dIdvf) kfv msj (sYfe) ifKv Y]csV mfvsY. kfsk
kfv mj dhlDBG rsq pfsY hQ Y]cVf ifKvde icbvfq jcdVsq sb icbvfq YcsV
]
mfvfv iCshG kfv mj z[k zhfq iakAfhx rsY. zfv icb} icb} djqfmk
zhdL Hfsh kfv zfpfh rsk Kfjsh.
hAdHyfvD icvN W bfvDoB bofhfq j zdojcsv dHksv zhfb jvsY.
zdodwJf isv Est kfv nfsK kfvfW sHsn EsY. bDsy bfmst kfvfW bfmsY.
zfv Hfsh djqfmk ipG kfvf sn jcs utsk Kfjsh.
nClsJfv hAd vsv j blDv mfUJfsb l]fdVsq zfsY. blDv kDsv jub
dIdvfv nfmsb vsqsY ifKv. pJb stfjde blDv kDsv sE zfnfv syf jvsY,
kJb dIdvf kfv mcsJ ifKv smsv (Hsv) blDv mfsU spsk hfLA jvsYb. zfv
Hfsh djqfmk kj sn Jcsbv blDsk rfhcFchc sJsk Kfjsh. ( hc} 7047,dm}

4621)

zshftf uvf zfpfh wcbsk W hcUsk ifsv. (mc} 2867) (sofvfsb iwc
ydjk rst hcUf pfq. ksh sjfb iwcv jhsvv nfsK dwQ-tVfsj zfpfh rWqfv
t[B htf pfq bf.) kfYfVf zbAfbA mfbcNW wcbsk hf slJsk ifsv. si W ufoak
zhfq h nfstr W sbjjfv stfsjv slJf nkA hst iamfdBk rsqsY.
zsbsj jhvfsb zfocb hf zfstf slsJ jhsvv zfpfh djQhf vrmk msb jsv.
dj kf ut dmsKb oAfn, zfstqf djQhf sJ]jdwqfstv lD mcJW rsk ifsv.
zffrv nfsLA djYc znHh bq. sYf nQjDBG ufqofq nh djYc nHh.
jub Ocm mfbcN spmb sYf js[ sYfe dhYfbfq sKsjW hsn, WsE, yst dIsv
jKf hst, jk jfu jsv, ofdV ysV mfstv iv mft nIv jsv. kfv slr W
zfkf Hq j zbcHh jsv, sjfb lcOeG bfq hf sjfb uv lQwsb sn zdv rq,
dy{jfv jsv. zKhf sjfb vdMb si diaqksmv nfsK zfbl W ncJ isHfo jsv
Kfsj. kf nsW kfv wvDv wqbmfb Kfsj. y[cq dbmDdtk Kfsj. mcJ h Kfsj.
nhGf dv Kfsj. zfhfv jJsbf iuosk rlsqv zdLj zdvkf W zfslftsbv
Ist dhYfbfq kfv wvDvW lcst WsE. jJsbf hf sE hsn pfq, ytsk tfso, jKf
hst, dy{jfv jsv WsE, srsn hf sj]sl WsE. zfkfq zdLj yfi iVst vi Ose
Kfsj. dEj klbcvi jhsvv dHksv mxkslsrv zhf. kfv zfkf (vr) hsn,
kfsj iaw jvf rq, iaswv v slq. wfd hf wfd sHfo jsv Kfsj, dy{jfv jsv
Kfsj. zfv nhdjYc kf slr nQtso Ose Kfsj. zKy kfv wvDv jhsv wqbmfb
Kfsj. jJsbf zdLj zfpfsh zdvkfv Ist kfv wvDv zfslfdtk rq. jJsbf
kfv wvDv jhsvv hfsvW slJf pfq. (mc} zf} 3/129, dm} 5898)
dj vi zhf njt slsrv ubA uvvD bq. spmb iaskAj Ocm hAdv
ubA hnf, WEf, ytf hf dy{jfv jvf uvvD bq. (I} } kf} 5/525)

kfWrDl

43

dhswN jsv sn nm mxskv ubA pfvf sjfb uv sise rum rsq hf zfocsb icsV
Hn rsq dhbfdwk rsq sosY. (I} } 2/165)

vvr
r hhff z
zffk
kff
vr hf zfkf uDshv uDhsbv ubA nxdjkGf zffr kfzftfv nx j `ifWqfv'
hf wd (spmb, dhlcA{wd) pf zffrv j zfslw mf. (jc} 17/85) vr
(zfkf) W bfIn (iafB) j dudbn. slsr pc Kfjst bfIXn hQ slr sKsj
dhdY rst vr htf rq.
slsr zfkfv sjfb ncdbdlG fb sb hvQ nfvf slsr kf dmst Kfsj. (j}nc} 92)
sp bfIXn ml jfsuv dlsj shwD Lfdhk rq kfsj `bfIsn zfmfvfr' hst. sp ml
jsv dj dbsusj H{GnbfW jsv hQ kWhf jsv kfsj hst, `bfIsn
tfWqfmfr.' sp nlf n{jfsu LDv W dv, zdhyt W lxP Kfsj kfsj bfIsn
mckmfdqfr hst, j bfIXsnv dkbde ocB ifWqf pfq hst v dkbde dH
bfmjvB.
zfkfsj sp idh W wc jvsh sn idvfB ifsh, dj sp kf zidh, zwc
W jtcNfY vfJsh sn LQn rsh. (jc} 91/8-9) kfjWqfv fvfq zfkwcd rq.
v ubA slrsj dbiDdVk jvsk rq bf.
mfbcsNv mxkAc rst kfv slsrv mxkcA rq, zfkfv bq. slsr zhfbjftDb ifi W
icsBAv It sHfo jvsh zftsm hfvpfsJ.
zfdqfosBv zfkf nshGfy fsb zf'tf dqADsb zhfb jsv. wrDlosBv vr
nhcu ifJDv shsw zfvsw Uct tsb fb ifq. (mc} 1887) hQ uffsk
Yfmk idvmB jsv shVfq. zfWdtqf W nfstrDbslv vrW ifJDv shsw
uffskv ofsY ofsY zhfb jsv. (mc}zf} 3/455, mf} 1449)
jfsIvslv vr dnDsb zhfb jsv. klnsW nm vsrv nijG -
slsrv nfsKW Kfsj. zk}iv djqfmk jfsqm rst kfslv fb uffk zKhf
ufrffsm dbLGfdvk rsh.
hfvpfsJ mcdmbslv vr sj zisvv nfsK nf[f{ jsv Kfsj. zfhfv uDh Ocm
mfbcsNv zfkfv nfsK siW nf[f{ rsq Kfsj. dj jfsIvslv zfkf kf ifsv bf.
jfvB, kfvf skf zfpfh W wfd sHfso hAdkhA Kfjsh. (vr, hbct jfsqm)
ifdKGh uDhb sKsj nsv dosq zfkf pJb dH uosk yst pfq, kJb sn zfkf
zfv (hfdVsk hf zbA sjfKfW) rfduv rq bf, rfduv jvfW pfq bf. (zf}du} 93)
sj zfkrkAf jvst kfv zfkfW slZsV-Ycse shVfq bf. hvQ kfv dbu fsb
zhdk rsq pfq. kf uDdhk sjfb mfbcNsj j dlsk zfsn bf. HckW rq bf.
zkh pdl sj sjfb mxskv zfkfv bfsm sjfb zfkf idk jsv, zKhf sjfb
zfkfv bfm dbsq uDdhk mfbcsNv iv djYc nWqfv rsq j slq, ksh dbyq kf
sjfb mxskv zfkf bq. zfkfv bfsm sjfb wqkfb dub zKhf mxkhAdv `jfvDb'

kfWrDl

44

uDb, pf iadk mfbcsNv nfsK zfuDhb nD Kfsj. (mc}zf} 1/257) ubA zsbj
nmq zfkfv bfsm `jfvDb' pJb jKf hst, kJb dEj mxskv Hfh-Hd
dbsq hst. zfhfv kfv uDhsbv h jfdrbDW wcdbsq Kfsj, pfsk msb rq spb mxk
dbsu htsY. dj zfnst `jfvDb' uDhbHv kfv nfsK sKsjsY. sn kfv nm bf
rstW djYc djYc uDhsbdkrfn msb svsJsY, pf iaw jvst hA jsv. ubA
zsbj nmq mxskv uDhsbv nh v dlsk ifsv bf; pf qQ mxskv zfkf rst Jch
nrsu dlsk ifvk. (zf} du} 96)

ssooffvv z
zffppffhh
jhsvv zfpfh ifiD mcndtm W jfsIv njstv iv rsh. mxskv ubA pJb kfv
zfkDqvf mfkm jsv kJb kfv zfpfh rq. jfvB mxkcAv iCshG sn kfv
zfkDqslvsj dw[f slqdb sp, mfkm jvsk sb. pf j ufsrdtqfskv iaKf.
nfrfhD rpvk ufvDv hstb, `lfIsbv iv mVf-hfdVsk stfjusbv nmfshw
hQ ifb-sHfusbv hAhfsj zfmvf (ufsrdtqfskv dbdN W OxBA) mfkm hst
oBA jvkfm.' (mc}zf}) zfkDq hfdV rsk mVf-hfdVv ubA ifbfrfsvv hAhf
rWqf dhsLq. mVf-hfdVv dbmB oarB jvfW mjvr.
wrDl W ofpDv jhsv zfpfh rq bf. (zf} lf} 2499,dk} 1063, n} uf}
6421) skmdb sp mcndtm ucmzfv dlb zKhf sisev svfso mfvf pfq kfvW jhsv
zfpfh rq bf. (dk} 1074,zf} uf})
hfvpfsJv zfpfh W wfd jfsvf wcLc zfkfv iv rq. zfhfv zfkf wvDv
Hsqv iv rq. (dj} mc} 107)
sofbfsrv idvmfB drnfsh zfpfh jfsvf djqfmk ipG Kfjsh. zfhfv jfsvf
djYcjft sKsj h rsq pfq. ifi KfjstW jfsvf lczf, nfljf jfpf svfpf W
rsv nWqfshv jfvsB zfpfh h rsq pfq.
mfb W sbj zfmt hAkDk jfsvf bfm, JAfdk, pw, mfb-mpGflf, hQwfdHufkA
(wfufvfbfmf), jfsvf ufmf, ifodV, kAfdl jhsvv zfpfh sKsj mcd dlsk ifsv
bf. (jc} 6060/3 mc} 2699, I} mf} 147)
mfbcN mfvf sost kfv zfmt h rsq pfq. hfvpfsJ bfmfp svfpf djYc jvsk rq
bf. sjhtmf lcdbqfv uDhb zfmts[. Ist mvsBv iv sjfb sbjDv zfwf
jvf pfq bf. ksh sp sbjDv hDu mxkhAd uDdhkjfst hib jsv sosY kfv
lDOGfqD It mxkAc v ivW sisk Kfjsh. spmb, nfljfr ufdvqfr (fiCkG jmG,
mndul-mflafnf dbmGfB, j]cqf Jbb iaHdx k) tXm dw[f slWqf, tfHlfqj icj

kfWrDl

45

vybf, udm-nid, h-ifdl zffrv vffq WqfjXI jvf kAfdlv nWqfh ufdv
Kfsj. (mc} 1631)
klbcvi mxk hAdv ubA sjfb zfkDq-hcv sbj lczf W soIfv, kfv bfsm
lfb, jcvhfbD djQhf r jvst kfv ItW sisq Kfsj. (hc} 6699, mc} 1149, mc} zf})
spmb kfv jfpf svfpf sjfb zfkDq vfJst kfv sbjDW sn sisq Kfsj. (n} uf}
6423) dj kfv bfsm bfmfp W jcvzfb ifsEv nWqfh ifq djbf kf dbsq hV
mksHl vsqsY. siff ltDt bf Kfjfv jfvsB ndEj nmfLfb sp, bfmfp W
djvfzfskv nWqfh mxskv jfsY si]ZsY bf. kf mxskv dbje hf jhvfsb jcvzfb
ifE jvf. (16) HfVfdeqf jfvDv jcvzfb JfbD, Ifskrf JfbD, jct JfbD, wdhbf JfbD,
yftsw, yfrfvm, mDtfl ifE kAfdl pf nfst nWqfshv sswA jvf rq nm
dhlzfk. nh mxskv sjfb jfsu zfsn bf. iv mxk hAd pdl bfdj hf
jfsIv zKhf mcwdvj rq, kfrst kfv zfkfv jtAfB sswA mb lczf mudtn
jvf hf lczf jvf rfvfm. (jc} 9/113)
mfbcN spmb Ocm zhfq ufoak ixdKhDv sjfb zhf ufbsk ifsv bf, jfsvf Ffj
hf zfrhfsbv w wcbsk ifq bf, dEj klai mxk hAd mLA uosk hfn jsv
ruoskv sjfb zhf ufbsk ifsv bf. uoskv jfsvf Ffj hf w wcbsk ifq
bf. (jc} 35/14, 22, 27/80, 30/52) ksh hlv pcs mxk jfsIvslvsj zdLj tfdk
jvfv ubA zffr uff wfbcr kfslvsj bhD jvDm -v Ffj wcdbsqdYstb. (hc}

1370, mc} 2873)

zfhfv mxksj lfIb jvfv iv pJb mxskv vr dIdvsq iaswv ubA kfsj hnfsbf
rq hQ stfsjvf dIsv zfnsk wcv jsv, kJb mxk hAd kfslv ucskfv w
wcbsk ifq. (hc} 1338,mc} 2870) wcLc dhswN zhfq zffrv drjmk dhswN.
mxk hAd spmb ruoskv sjfb zhf ufbsk ifsv bf, djYc wcbsk ifq bf.
skmdb ruoskv jfsvf sjfb nfrfpAW jvsk ifsv bf. zkh bhD, WtD,
nfstr, hcpcoG sjfstv iv spsrkc kf]slv zfkf uffsk Kfsj, kf k]fslv
nmfdLv jfsY idk rsq djYc yfst bf kf]vf wcbsk ifb, zfv bf- kf]vf kf
dlsk ifsvb. iv mxkAc v iv zfmt h rsq pfWqfv Ist bf kf]vf zffrv jfsY
jfsvf ubA lczf jvsk ifsvb, zfv bf sjfb ncifdvw.
Ffjst zffrsj, yfst kf]v jfsY. zsbAv jfsY yfst kf]v hflskv wvDj
jvf rq. kf sjfb jhvsj dnulf jvf, kWqfI jvf, jhvhfnDv bfsm mfbk hf
bpv mfbf, kfv jfsY nfb yfWqf, svfo-hftf sKsj mcd yfWqf, mt yfWqf, Lbnil hAhnfq dk yfWqf dwjG zfjhfv. sk mcndtm ntfm sKsj Jfdvu rsq
mcwdvj rsq pfq. (jc} 35/14,10/106, 7/197, 39/38)
pfvf ivstfjok sjfb bhD, WtD hf hcpcsoGv dbje dhil mcd, nfb hf ncJ
kAfdl yfq kfvf k]fslv nisjG LfvBf vfsJ sp, k]fvf uDdhk zfsYb, zKhf
kf]slv vr rfdpv-bfdpv, zKhf kf]vf ofsqh ufsbb hQ msbv sofib jKf hcUsk
ifsvb. zKhf k]fvf ixdKhDv njt HfNf hcsUb hQ j nmsq jfdLj dhi
() ians hdBGk rflDndt pqDI.

kfWrDl

46

mfbcsNv zfkGbfl wahB jsvb. zKy v iaskAjde zffrv dnIfk hf ocB. jfvB,
kf]vf jfsY sKsj, zfv bf lCsv sKsj djYc wcbsk ifb. bf- kf]vf rfdpv-bfdpv zfv
bf- k]fvf jfsvf msbv jKf hcUsk ifsvb hQ ufbf HfNf YfVf zbA HfNf hcUsk
ifsvb. zfv bf- j ns jfdLj zfshlb wcbsk ifsvb. kf kf]slv dbje
djYc yfst zffrv zfnsb kf]slvsj nmfnDb jvf rq. iv sn yfWqfsk tfHW
djYc rq bf.
dj htf rq, kf]slv jfsY sp zfwf dbsq pfWqf rq kf iCBG rsq pfq. zkh
yfWqfsk It rq Sh dj ?
zKy iajk
x is[ wqkfsbv yfs mb stfjslv wcLc mfb tcef pfq. jfvB,
nhfv zfwf iCBG rq bf. nfk loGfq mfKf EcsjW zsbsjv jef nfb tfH rq bf.
zfhfv zsbsjv msk mfde, ifKv ,ofY, ov, jcmDv, nfi kAfdlv jfsY sostW
bfdj zfwf iCBG rq. kfrst kfvf dj dlsq Kfsj? djQhf zffrv lvhfsv slWqfv
ncifdvw jsv Kfsj? spmb mfv mcwdvjvf msb jvk. zfhfv pfvf bfdj, zffr
-bhD-dIdvf-dub-WtD-hcpoG djYc mfsb bf kfslvsj hf sj dlsq Kfsj? pfvf
dhbf yfWqfsk nhdjYc ifq. njtsj zffr slb. kf]v kjlDv dtJb, kf]v
dhfbmq drjmk pfsj pf yfsh kfsj kf slsh. kf skf mb zsbj dudbn
zfsY pf zffrv jfsY yfstW ifWqf pfq bf. zfhfv zsbj dudbn bf yfstW
sn pfq. jfvB, kf]v drjmsk pfdyfjfvDv ubA pf yfWqf mcbfdnh W drkjv
kf kfsj dlsq Kfsjb. skf dkdb wcLc ufsbb dpdb nhdjYc nxd jsvsYb. (jc}
2/216) njt ifWqf kf]v rfsk. dj f mfbcN yfWqfv lvuf dybsk Hct
jsv. zfv kfv dyv w wqkfb kfv mfbde tcefv sswA kfv msb bfbfdhlX
iastfHb W jcmBf dlsq wcLc sn lvufq dbsq pfq, spJfsb djYc ifWqf pfq bf.
slb skf dkdb, dj bfm rq kfslv, pfvf djYc dlsk n[m bq. zkh `UsV
jfj msv zfv IjDv nfsrshv sjvfmdk hfsV.'
nckvfQ mcndtm pf djYc yfq kf]v jfsY yfq. pf ifq kf]v dbje sKsj ifq hQ
pf ifq bf kf]v bf slWqfsk ifq bf.

mmffppffvv
mcndtm mcndtsmv jhsvv drIfpk jsv hQ kfv pKfKG mpGflf v[f jsv. dj
kfv iv sjfb Ov hf mndul zKhf jcf dbmGfB jsv bf. jfvB, zffrv vnCt
jfsuv jkGfsj zdHnifk jsvsYb. dkdb hstsYb,
zffrv zdHwfi qfl W bfnfvfv iv, kfvf kfslv zfdqfslv jhvsj
mndul hfdbsq dbsqsY. (hc} 1330,mc} 529)
Wslv sjfb nfstr hAdv sjft rst Wvf k]fv jhsvv isv mndul SkvD
jsvsY. zk}iv k]fv mCdkG (hf Ydh) hfdbsqsY. kfvf zffrv dbje djqfmsk
dbjxkm hAd. (hc} 427,mc} 528, bf} } wf} 4/140)
zkh skfmvf jhsvv iv mndul dbmGfB jsvf bf. zfdm skfmfslvsj dbsNL

kfWrDl

47

jvdY. (mc} 532)

sr zffr! zfmfv jhvsj iCuAiadkmf hfdbsq dlW bf. zffrv zdHwfi sn
jWsmv iv pfvf kfslv zfdqfslv jhvsj mndul hfdbsq dbsqsY. (mc} zf}
2/246) nhsysq dbjx stfjslv msLA kfvf, pfslv uDhsb djqfmk jfsqm rsh
hQ kfvf pfvf jhvsj mndul hfdbsq sbq. (mc} zf} 1/195, } wf} 4/140)
kf mcndtsmv ubA jhsvv iv hf jhsvv dlsj mcJ jsv bfmfp iVf W lczf
jvf, kfv iv mndul dbmGfB jvf hQ snJfsb bfmfp iVfsk IpDtk msb jvf
rfvfm. (kf} nf} 29) skmdb mndusl jfsj nmfdL jvfW ShL bq.
zffrv vnCt
sjfb bhDv jhsvv iv mndul dbmGfBjfvDv iv
zdHnifk jvstb, kfrst sjfb zbhDv sofsvv iv mndul dbmGfBjfvD djsnv
spfoA? skmdb snW zdHw sp sjfb bhDv jhsv kfhfvGsjv zfwfq zffrv
ubA bfmfp isV. zkh sjfb zbhDv jhsv zffrv ubA bfmfp iVf dj rsk
ifsv? zfhfv sjfb zbhDv jhsvv Lfsv ifsw kfv ubA bfmfp iVf zKhf
jhvsj dnulf jvf, kfv jfsY zfwf iCvsBv lczf jvf dj rsk ifsv ?
skmdb sjfb jdik hf dmKAf jhvsj mndul hf dnulfv ufqof hfdbsq dnulf
jsv bpv smsb, Ict hf yflv ydVsq iwc hdtlfb dlsq mstv zfwf vfJf dj
rsk ifsv? db}nslsr nh dwsjG zfjhfv.
ntfm siZdtjkfv idviD. zfv iaKm siZdtjkf W mCdkGiCuf wcv rq
jhv sKsj. jhsvv Lfsv ifsw hflkj jvf sKsj. kf jhv iCuf (mfpfv hf
loGfiCuf) W mCdkGiCufv msLA sjfb ifKGjA sb.
vnCtc fr -v jhv mndusl rqdb. zfv k]fv isv hf kf]v jhvsj mndul
hfbfsbfW rqdb. k]fv jhsvv iv sjfb Ov SkvD jvf rqdb. hvQ k]fv jhv
rpvk zfsqwfv (zf}) uvfv msLA rsqsY. pf mndul sKsj niCBG ixKj dYt.
spsrkc dkdb rpvk zfsqwfv (oxsr) rstfj kAfo jsvb hQ zfdqfosBv sp
fsb mxkAc rq sn fsb kf]slvsj nmfdL jvf rq, kf kf]v nmfdLW rpvk
zfsqwfv (vf}) Osvv dHksv rsqdYt hQ isv rpvk zfhChfjfv W rpvk
mfsvv (vf}) jhvW k]fv ifsw sn Osv rsqdYt. kJb kf dYt mndusl bhhDv
iChG dlsj rpvk zfsqwfv (vf}) oxr. dj ivhkGDjfst nb zfdw zKhf
jfb druvDsk ztDl dhb zfct mfstsjv vfukjfst mndul sHs
icbdbGdmGk W iaw jvf rq.
sn nmq vnCtc fr -v nm DosBv uvf W mndusl wfdmt jsv sbWqf
rq. kfv msLA rpvk zfsqwfv (vf}) uvfW iawfq sn pfq hQ ixKj jsv
rpvk zfsqwfv oxrsj ncyHfsh dbmGfB jvf rq. zfv nmsq mndulsj
snZlpGJdyk jvf rq. spsrkc sn nmq mlDbf wvDsI sjfb nfrfhf zhdw dYstb
bf, kf bhD -v dbsNL nsW kf]v jhv mnduslv nianfvsB wfdmt rsq pfq.
(dh}db} 9/194) ivhkDG nb 678 druvDsk nctkfb nfstr dmnvD uvfv iv
jcf (ocu) dbmGfB jsvb. viv nb 755 druvDsk hflwfr bfsnv rfnfb dhb
mcrfmfl dikstv ifk fvf Jdyk W icbdbGdmGk jsvb. zdkvb pf nrDr
rflDsnv iadkjCt dYt kf zsbj dhlzfkDv ltDtvsi zfu ipG sKsj sot.

kfWrDl

48

(dmvzfkct rfvfmfb, zft vwfl 99 ix})

iv uvfsj mfde sKsj ocu ipG ]yc slWqft fvf sOvf rsqsY hQ v
dlj sKsj sjfBfjfv slWqft SkvD jvf rsqsY. zfv kfv isvW j slWqft hQ
zbAfbA dlsj svdtQ-dhdw slWqft dbdmGk rsqsY. pfsk diYb sKsj sj bfmfp
iVst spb dEj jhsvv dlsj nmcJ bf rq hQ kf]v jhv iCuA iadkmf, {nh,
l hf JcwDv dmtb s[ bf rsq pfq. (kf} nf} 85-100 ix})
jhsvv iv mndul dbmGfB spmb wvDqk idviD, skmdb kfv iv jcf ocu
hf dmbfv SkvD jvf, jhv ]yc W ifjf SkvD jvf, kfv iv hnf W LCi hf hfdk
uftfsbf iaHdx k wvDqk dhsvfLD jfu. pfvf jhsv hfdk uftfq kfslv iv
zffrv vnCt zdHnifk jsvsYb. (mc}zf} 1/229, 3/215, mc} 970, dk}

1052, zf}lf} 3236, bf} 1/285)

zbcviHfsh jhvhfnDv nd hf SbjeAtfsHv ubA Ict yVfsbf, yflv yVfsbf,

bpv W dbqfp, It, dmd hf sjfb Jfhfv, efjf-iqnf {noG jvf, rf]n-mcvoD Jfdn
hf sjfb iwc hdtlfb jvf, jhvsj dOsv kWqfI jvf, jhv ycb jvf, iwG jvf
kfhfvGj sbWqf kAfdl rfvfm W dwsjG zfjhfv, pfv sofbfr zffr [mf jsvb
bf. (I}t} 1/259)

ddppqqffvvkk
vnCt mcndtm icvNsj jhv dpqfvskv zbcmdk dlsqsYb. (mc} 977) zfv
bfvDsj jhv dpqfvk jvsk dbsNL jsvsYb. hvQ jhv dpqfvkjfdvBDv iv
zdHnifk jsvsYb.
mcndtm jhv dpqfvk lc sswA jvsk ifsv. iaKmk} mxkcA W zfsJvfksj
nvB jvfv sswA. dkDqk} jhvhfnDv ubA lczf W soIfsvv sswA.
ksh sjfb (bfmLfvD) mcndtm mcwdvj hf jfsIv jhvhfnDv ubA lczf W soIfv
jvsk ifsv bf. (jc} 9/84, 113)
lc swA YfVf jhsv kfv lczf zffrv dbje jhct rsh zfwfq zKhf
jhvhfnDv jfsY yfst ifWqf pfsh zfwfq, kfhfvGsjv zfwfq, jhvhfnDsj
nvB jvst tfHhfb W nIt rsh- zfwfq. jhvhfnDv ncifdvw hf znDtf
ifhfv zfwfq, ifi[q W idhkfv zfwfq jhv dpqfvk rfvfm W dwjG.
mndusl bhhDv dpqfvkjfst jhsv bhhDv dpqfvskv nmq kf]v iv hQ kf]v
lc JtDIf rpvk zfhc hjv W Wmsvv (vf}) iv nftfm siw jvsk rq. snJfsb
dosq kf]v dbje djYc yfWqf, sofbfr Uvfv zfwf vfJf, svdtQ iwG jsv kfhfvGj
sbWqfv zbcmdk wvDqk slq bf.
kf]v jhv dpqfvk rsv sjfb zQw bq. dpqfvk jvf WqfsuhW bq. wcLcmf
kf]v jhv dpqfvskv sswA nIv jvfW pfq bf. jfvB mf mcjfvGfmfv mndusl
rfvfm, mlDbf wvDsIv mndusl bhhD hQ dIdtdsbv mndusl zfjnf YfVf zfv

kfWrDl

49

sjfb mndul hf mfpfsvv dlsj dpqfvk hf kfhfvGsjv sswA nIv jvf ShL bq.

(hc} 1189, mc} 827)

htf hftA, zbA sjfb WtD hf hcpcsoGv jhv dpqfvskv sswA nIv jvf
zdLj dbdN.
bhD jvDm -v iv nftfm W lvl ifE jvfv ubA k]fv jhv dpqfvk jvfW
wkG bq. spmb dhsLq bq jfsvf mfLAsm mlDbfq nftfm ifEfsbf. hvQ kf]v iv
ixdKhDv sp sjfb fb sKsj lvl ifE jvst dbdlG dIdvf sn lvl W nftfm k]fv
dbje siZ]dYsq Kfsjb. (} wf} zf} lf} 2042) vnCt k]fv Ov W jhsv l
mfbfsk hf sjfb {nh Oef jvsk dbsNL jsvsYb. (} wf} zf} lf} 2042) l
JcwDv nsmtbsj htf rq, pf (iadk hYv hf mfn zKhf nfrfs dbqdmkHfsh
dIsv zfsn. spmb lct dIkXv, lct-zfprf, ucmzf kAfdl.)
nxdv snvf mfbcN, kf]v nmfdLs[s sjfb iajfsvv zbcfb-{nh jvsk pdl hfLf
rq, kfrst sjfb zbA jhsvv ifsw hf{ndvj zbcfb, Wvn, smtf kAfdl {nsh
dj iajfsvv hfLf rWqf iasqfub? zmcndtm jfsIvslv zbcjvsB nh smtfWvsn sp nh dwjG, dhlzfk, bfvD icvsNv zhfL dmtf-dmwf, o]fufsJfvD, ofb-hflA,
bfej-pff, dnsbmf-dKsqefv kAfdlv nvovm zfjNGB rsq Kfsj kfsk sp ntfm
W wvDqskv sjfb nco Kfsj bf, kf nrsu zbcsmq. iadkde dyfwDt hAd
htsk hfLA rshb sp, db}nslsr mfbcN zfhfv icvfsbf ufsrdtqfsk dIsv spsk
ystsY. sp nh zfyfv-zbcfb Lvsbv smtfq rsq Kfsj kfsk sjfb WtD hf
hcpcoG vfuD hf dbmvfuD skf bb-; iv kfsk kf]vf OxBfshfL jsvb. (zhwA jhv
sKsj k]fvf nh djYc hcUsk ifsvb bf.) zn W sfLfdhk rb mrfb iaHc
zffr. zfv vfuD, n W zfbdlk rq wcLc wqkfb W kfv hc-hfshvf.
Hslv iqnf ziyq hQ zfbslfisHfo YfVf sjfb tfHW rq bf. zfv dbyq
zihAqjfvDvf wqkfsbv Hf. (jc} 17/27)

i
ivvj
jfft
t
dhwft uo{sj zffr kfzftf dhbf sswA nxd jsvb db. mfbh-lfbhsj
jmf k]fv hflk jvfv ubA nxd jsvsYb. Hfstf-ml bAfq-zbAfq dydrk
jsvsYb. ixdKhDsk sj zivfLD, sj dbvivfL. zivfL ufbfv ubA mcbdnI
zflftk yf, ncdhyfv yf. kf dhhyvfyv jdlb LQn rsh. mfbh lfbshv
dhyfv rsh. Hshv hfufsv sn tfHftfH W icd] uv drnfh dlsk rsh. njtsj
icbvfq uDdhk rsk rsh sn drnfh-dbjfswv ubA. (jc} 23/115, 64/7)
mcndtm ivjft, icbvfb W icbuDGhbsj dhhfn jsv. dpdb mfbh-lfbhsj dhbf
bmcbfq iaKsm nxd jsvsYb. dkdb dkDqhfv mxkcAv iv uDdhk jvshb. k]fv jfsY
zdk nru. (jc} 30/27, 36/78-79)
dpdb dhwft dhhuo{ vybf jsvsYb, dkdb mfbcNsj icbuDGdhk jvsk dbyq

kfWrDl

50

n[m. mfbcN mxkAc v iv kfv zd mfdesk idvBk rstW dkdb kfsj zdk nrsu
uDdhk jvshb. (jc} 17/48-52)
dpdb iaKm mfbcNsj mfde sKsj zk}iv ifdb (hDpG) sKsj mfQndi nxd jsvsYb.
kfviv zd kfviv mfQn ydVsq zfkf lfb jsv mfkxoHG sKsj ixdKhDsk
ifdEsqsYb. dkdb slr zfhfv mfde rsq sostW kfv smvlsv dbmfQswv
zdJ (pf isy bf hf mfdesk idvBk rq bf kf) sKsj icbhGfv kfsj nxd jvshb.

(jc} 23/12-16,hc} 4814, mc} 2955, mc} zf} 2/428)

iaskAj bhD k]fv mksj ivjft nisjG zhdrk W nkjG jsvsYb. (jc}
swN bhD, zfv k]fv nmqjft zbcifsk
ivjft hf djqfmk zdk dbjehkDG kf dkdb nhsysq shwD k]fv mksj nkjG
jsvsYb. zfv jcvzfb mfuDslW sn jKf hhfv zfstfdyk rsqsY.
mcndtm umfvhfsl dhhfnD bq. mfbcN kfv mxkcAv iv icbvfq dbu ifi-icBA
zbcpfqD mfbcN djQhf sjfb iafBDvsi ixdKhDsk um sbq hQ usmv It
ivusm sHfo jsv, zfv Hfsh dyvjft um-mxkcA hfvhfv rsk Kfjsh -
jKf mcndtm zfslZ dhhfn jsv bf. (jc} 23/37, 45/24) jfvB, dpdb nxd
jsvsYb dkdb ufdbsqsYb um lchfv. mfkxoHG sKsj rstfsj um hQ mxkcAv
iv mxdjfoHG sKsj icbuGm dbsq ivstfsj zhfb. kfviv zfv sjfb um
sb, sjfb mxkAc sb.
zfjfw pJb dhlDBG rsh, b[mtD pJb dhd[ rsh, nmcla pJb sdtk rsh
hQ jhv pJb smfdyk rsh, kJb iaskAsj ufbsh, sn dj tfH jsvsY hQ dj
[dk jsvsY. sr mfbcN! djsn skfmfsj skfmfv mrfb iadkiftj ns dhf
jvt? dpdb skfmfsj nxd jsvsYb, zk}iv skfmfsj ncEfm jsvsYb hQ ncnmn
jsvsYb, dkdb skfmfsj k]fv Yfmk zfjxdksk oEb jsvsYb. j[B bf. hvQ
(islw nsW) skfmvf drnfh W iadkItsj dmKAf HfhY. zKy db}nslsr
skfmfslv iv kfhLfqj vsqsY; nmfdbk dtdijfvhxl (sjvfmfb jfskhDb
dIdvfhoG) Wvf ufsb pf skfmvf jv. ncjk
x jfvDoB skf Kfjsh ivm fYslA,
hQ lcjxdkjfvDoB skf Kfjsh ufrffsm; Wvf jmGIt dlhsn Wsk iashw jvsh.
snKfq Wvf fqD rsh. zfv jmGIt dlhn ns kcdm dj ufb? zk}iv jmGIt
dlhn ns kcdm dj ufb? sndlb sjv zisvv ubA djYc jvfv nfmKGA Kfjsh bf
hQ sndlb nm jkxk
G rsh zffrv. (jc} 82)

39/71) spsrkc rpvk mcrfmfl

ddj
jqqffmmssk
kvv z
zfft
tffmmk
k
ixdKhDv hqn jsm zfnsY. zdysv dhh LQn rsh. djqfmk zdk dbjse.
(jc} 16/77, 21/1,75/6-7) zfv db}nslsr mrfiatq zhwAHfhD. (jc}

40/59)

kfWrDl

51

dj kf jJb nQOdek rsh kf jmf zffr ifj hAkDk sj ufsb bf. k]fv
diaqmk JtDtsjW dkdb jKf ufbfb db. (jc} 7/187, 33/36, 31/34,

79/42-44)

mcndtm sn mrfiatq dlhsnv iv iakAq vfsJ hQ sn dlbsj hV Hq jsv.

kfv Hqvkf sKsj dbjxdkv ubA nt nQoar jsv. zfv sndlb dbdlGHfsh jsh
zfnsh kf dbsq mfKf Ofmfq bf. zisvv dbjse djqfmskv sjfb dbdlG nb hf
kfvDJ wcbst kf zdhhfn jsv. ksh Hfsh sp, kf zdk dbjse.
zhwA djqfmskv iCshG kfv h t[B slJf slsh. sn nm t[B pJb iajfdwk
rsq iVsh, kJb db}nslsr djqfmk nQOdek rsh.
nm t[B hf dblwGb lc iajfsvv; sYfe W hV. zfhfv sYfe dkb swaBDv.
djYc skf zkDsk iajfdwk rsq sosY. djYc iajfdwk hQ Oemfb hkGmfb. zfv
djYc HdhNAsk iajfw ifsh.
zkDsk Odek sYfe t[B spmb, rpvk mcrfmfl -v bhD rsq zfomb hQ
ivstfjomb. (hc} 6503, mc} 867)
yla dJdk rWqf pf bhcqsk mcrfmfdlqfv j hV mc'supf dYt. (jc} 54/12) drufp sKsj zdo lXdovB, pfv Yef hcnvf ipG si]ZsY dYt. zfv de dYt nb
654 druvDsk. (hc} 7118, mc} 2902) dudpqf jv h rWqf kAfdl. (dj}nc}

154)

icvfOdek hkGmfb dblwGb spmb, mcndtmslv dhdH slw uq. iafq 30 ub dmKAf
bhczskv lfhDlfv iajfw. (hc} 7121, mc} 2923)
dhdH z dIkbf W dhidv iaflcHfG h. pfsk h mcndtm jfsIv rsq pfq.
lcdbqfv ubA Db dhd jsv. dIkbfv Hqfhrkfq mfbcN mxkcA jfmbf jsv. mb
pc W JcbfJcdb rq pfsk rkAfjfvD hcUsk ifsv bf sp, sn sjb rkAf jvt hQ rk
hAd hcUsk ifsv bf sp, kfsj sjfb zivfsL rkAf jvf rt. (mc} 2908)
sp nm dIkbf iCshG Ose sosY spmb, kxkDq JtDIf rpvk Wnmfsbv wfrflk
hvB. JfWqfsvsuv dIkbf.
hkGmfsbW mcntmfbslv mfsU h dIkbf lxwAmfb. kf sKsj h]fyfv jmf iK
rt kf sKsj lCsv Kfjf. sjfb i[sj nmKGb bf jvf.
swaBDv zbAfbA t[B spmb, mfbcsNv wvqD fb stfi, mCJk
G fv zfdLjA,
ntfm idvkAfo, dhdH ifi, zbAfq W zwDtkfv hdr}iajfw, skv tcemfv,
JcbfJcdb lff, hAdHyfv, mlAifb iaHdx k zbAfqfyvsBv zfdLjA. (HdhNAsk) pcsv
jfvsB icvsNv nQJAf jm rsq pfsh hQ bfvDv nQJAf shwD rsh. ifw ub bfvD
jub mf icvsNv kfhLfsb Kfjsh. (hc} 7121)
sbkxk zspfoA stfsjv rfsk nmiGB. dhtfdnkf W iahdx ivfqBkf pfslvsj
sbkxkf LDb mfbcsNv zhf sJqft jvsk hfLf lfb jsv hQ zdhyfv W zvfujkf
hxd ifq.
lfnD kfv iaHsc j um slsh. (pc hdlbD W kfv nfb-ndkv zfdLjA slJf
slsh, lfnDv osHG vfufslv um rsh, zKhf lfnD q-dhq zdLj vsi rsh) mCJG
smN W Yfostv vfJftslvsj nilwftD hQ zfdtjf dbsq ohGjfvDvsi slJf

kfWrDl

52

pfsh. zfv Lvsbv stfj mfbcsNv sbkf rsh. (mc} 8/10)

njt dhufdk mcndtmslv dhvs jAh rsh, spmb j sHfuifsv iv
h sHfubjfvD sHfusbv ubA ndmdtk rq. (zKGf{, njt dhufdk jsufe rsq
mcndtmslvsj oafn hfdbsq LQn jvfv syf jvsh.) mcndtmoB nQJAfq zdLj
KfjstW kfvf snafsk Hfnmfb zfhuGbfv mk ([mkfrDb) rsh. kfslv sjfb
[mkf W iaHfh Kfjsh bf. zffr kfzftf wslv h[ rsk mcndtmslv iadk
HDdk kcst sbshb. zfv mcndtmslv rlsq HDvkf lcht
G kf, ifdKGh siam W mxkcAdhvfo nfv jsv slshb. (dn} n} 958)
zfmfbk dhb rWqf. mcntmfbslv jA rfdvsq pfWqf. ofb-hfubf, be-bxkA W
mlA hAhrfv iajfswA rWqf, dhdH zwDtkf W bokfv Ist dhdH HCdmji
rWqf, Ln bfmf, mfbcsNv zfjxdk idvhkGb rWqf. (n} uf} 3559)
nmq nQjDBGkf, mft W nislv iafycpG. sjht idvdyk hAdsj nftfm lfb.
hAhnfv hAfijkf. zfkDqkfv hb sYlb. dmKAf nf[A ialfb hQ nkA nf[A oc
jvB. (dn}n} 647) dmKAfhflDsj nkAhflD hQ nkAhflDsj dmKAfhflD fb.
sJqfbkjfvDsj zfmfbklfv hQ zfmfbklfvsj sJqfbkjfvD Hfhf. hfsu
stfsjv zdLj mcJ ytf. (dn}n} 1887) zkAfyfv W pctcsmv hxdtfH. yfhcsjv
zfOfsk mfbcsNv zdk rWqf. (dn} n} 1893)
OdekhA t[B spmb, mft-Lb k shwD rsh sp, pfjfk W nfljf oarBjfvD stfj
Jcs] u dmtsh bf. zfvhA Hcdm dhdH blD brsv hQ sny ncdhLfq Icst-Inst wAfmt
rsq Esh. (mc} 157, dm} 5440) iaKm dlsbv y]fl hV zfjfsv slJf slsh.
mnduslv idhkfrfdb jvf rsh. zfjdmj mxkcA shwD rsh. (n}uf} 5775 bQ)
zshftf u mfbcsNv nfsK jKf htsh. v kfv zbciddksk kfv Dv jmGfjmG
ians Jhv slsh. (dn}n} 122) dt zSbndoGjHfsh nkA Oesh. zKhf
dhfbpsv yvm dkv jfvsB nh nHh rsh.
Icvfk blDsk j snfbfv ifrfV iajfdwk rsh. pfv ubA HDNB pc hfLsh hQ
kfsk iadk j wskv dbvfb ub rk rsh. (hc} 7119, mc} 2894) mfde kfv
nm oc Jfufbf (Jdbu ilfKG) hdroGk jvsh. snfbf-y]fdl kAfdl slsJ JcbD
htsh v ubA zfdm Jcb jsvdY. zfkDqkf dYjfvD htsh, v ubA zfdm
zfkDqkf dY jsvdY. syfv htsh, v ubA zfmfv rfk jfef sosY. zk}iv
sj kf oarB jvsh bf.
ufrufr bfmj j ivfmwftD hflwfv zfdhHGfh rsh. (mc} 2911) mfm
mfrlDv zfdhHGfh rsh. dkdb bAfqivfqB hflwf rshb. kJb ixdKhD wfd W
bnfsI Hsv Esh. spmb, k]fv zfso zwfd W pctsm idviCBG Kfjsh. zfrst
hfqk rpvk Ifskmfv hQsw k]fv um rsh. zffrv vnCt -v bfm W kf]v
bfm hQ Hsqv dikfv bfm j rsh. dkdb hV nclwGb icvN rshb. zffr k]fv
fvfq ntfsmv nfdhGj jtAfB iadkf jvshb. (n} uf} 5180)
sJA sp, mfdmqf dwqfoB pfv zsi[f jvsY dkdb sn mfrlD bb.
djqfmsk hV t[B spmb, zfjfw LCmfdqk rsh. (jc} 44/9-10) ydw dlb
pfh{ sL]fqf dhlAmfb sKsj jfsIvslv wfnsvfL jvsh. zfv mcdmbslv zhf ndlG

kfWrDl

53

tfofv mk rsh. (w}b} 18/27) ixdKhDsk dkbde Ln bfmsh. jde iCshG, jde
idysm hQ zivde zfvhA ijCst.
nmq mcntmfbvf hV wdwftD hQ iaHfhwftD rsh. kfslv nfsK svfsmv
nd rsh. lc wd dmst kfslv wslv iv uqtfH jvsh. (dm} 5428) dj
JaDfbvf (cw) sftb jsv kfslv dbu dhuq msb jvsh. kf slsJ mcndtmvf
ntDh sHs sItsh. pfv Ist svfm dhslafr jsv hnsh hQ mcntmfb W JaDfbslv
msLA mrfpc wcv rsh. pcs mcntmfbvf jbfdesbfit (dkDqhfv) uqtfH
jvsh. dkb hYv zfjft lcdHG[ slJf slsh. (n} uf} 7752)
lfft zfdhHCk
G rsh. kfv dIkbf mfbcsNv is[ ixdKhDv dkrfsn nhGfdLj
hxr{ dIkbf rsh. (mc} 2920) lfft zflsmv hQwLv. slJsk Ctfjfv
tfthsBGv rsh. kfv jde y[c z (jfbf) rsh. lc syfsJv mfsU ttfse
`jfsIv' dtJf Kfjsh. iadk mcdmb kf iVsk ifvsh. iajfw ifWqfv iv
sJflfqD lfhD jvsh. dhdH zstZdjj wd ialwGsbv Ist mfbcN kfv sLfjfq
iVsh. hV kDha odksk nfvf ixdKhD mB jvsh. ksh mf mcjfvGfmf W mlDbf
bhhDqfq sn iashw jvsk n[m rsh bf. jfvB, bovDsqv iadk iashw-isK
dIdvfv jVf ifrfvf Kfjsh. (mc} 2943)
stfsj kfv ns uffk-ufrffm hQ ifdb W zfocb slJsh. dj zfnst kfv
uffk ufrffm, ufrffm uffk hQ ifdb zfocb W zfocb ifdb Kfjsh.
wqkfsbv lt kfv nrfqkf jvsh. sJflfqD lfhDv nkAkfq sn mfbcsNv mxk
dikf-mfkfsj uDdhk jsv slJfsk yfsh. wqkfb kfv dikf-mfkfv vi dbsq
slJf dlsq mfbcNsj (icsj) lffstv zbcnvB jvsk htsh. kJb zsbsj kfsj
zffr hst dhhfn jsv sbsh. (n} uf} 7752)
sn nmq zffr ifj hflfv dbje rsk mb jdEb ivD[f sbshb, pfsk iajk
x
mcdmb hAkDk sj lffstv uft sKsj dbfv ifsh bf. sn smOsj hNGsBv
zfslw jvst hxd rsh, Int Itsh, iwcsj Ffj dlst iwc kfv zbcnvB jvsh,
mfdesj zfslw dlst kfv Jdbu ilfKG hdroGk jvsh. mfbcNsj rkAf jsv icbvfq
uDdhk jvsh. kJb h mfbcN sLfjfq isV kfsj zffr hst Djfv jsv sbsh.
dj mcdmb sjfbdlb kf jvsh bf. pfv Ist mcdmbsj rkAf jsv lfft kfv
ufrffsm dbs[i jvsh. zKy sn ufrffm iajk
x is[ uffk rsh. (mc} 2137)
lfft Jcvfnfsb zfdhHCk
G rsh. (dn} n} 1591) dj kfv zfntskv idvdydk
W iayfv rsh vfj W dndvqfv mLAhkDG tfjfq. (mc} 2137)
sn ixdKhDsk ydw dlb zhfb jvsh. dj sn nmsq jdlb rsh jde hYsvv
nmfb. jde j mfsnv nmfb. jde j nfsrv nmfb lDOG hQ kfv hfjD
dlbocdt nfLfvB dlsbv mk rsh. lDOG tf dlsb mcndtm nfLfvB dlsbv drnfsh
zbcmfb jsv bfmfp zflfq jvsh. (mc} 2137, dm} 5475) dmKcAj lffstv
zdLj zbcofmD rsh qfl. (kfvf Jb sKsj sn sbkfsj dbsq nfvf ixdKhDsk
vfuk jvfv i slJsY.) zfhfv kfv zbcofmDslv msLA bfvDv nQJAf shwD rsh.

(mc} zf} 4/216-217)

lffstv lstv nfsK mcndtmslv nQONG rsh. mcndtmvf kfv dIkbfq W

kfWrDl

54

dbiDVsb zdk rsq Esh.

sn nmq zffr kfzftf rpvk nf
-sj zfnmfb rsk dndvqfv dlmfsv
iCshG j nflf dmbfsv zhkDBG jvshb. lffstv dhvs mcntmfbslv pcsv
iad k ytsh. Iusvv bfmfspv ubA jfmk rsh dEj sn nmq dkdb zfdhHGCk
rshb. mcndtmslv mfsmv iyfsk bfmfp isV dkdbW pcsv ubA SkvD rshb hQ
dIdtdsbv isK (spJfsb lfft kfv nfif dbsq mcntmfbslvsj zhsvfsL
vfJsh) vWbf rshb. lfft, qfl hQ mcndtmslv mfsU dhvfe nQONG rsh.
mcndtmvf uqtfH jvsh. qfl dyvksv LQn rsh. spJfsb sjfb qflD
zfksofib jsv h]fysk yfsh snJfbjfv (ofvjfl bfmj j j]feflfv ofY YfVf)
nm ofY, ifKv W iafBD mcndtmsj qflDv iadk dk jsv kfsj rkAf jvsk
htsh! zhdw nm zfrst djkfhoB rpvk nfv (zf}) iv mfb zfbsh.
(jc} 4/159,n}uf} 7752) zfv lcv lcLNG G lfftsj rpvk nf (zf}) dbu
rfsk rkAf jvshb.
v djYcdlb iv qf'ucu W mf'ucsuv iaflcHfG h rsh. kfvfW jswaBDv lcv
HDNB zkAfyfvD znQJA zflm nfb. hflwfr pct-jfvbfb sp iafyDv dlsq
kfslvsj j ihGskv mfsU hdl jsv svsJdYstb, sn iafyDv sYl jsv kfvf
hfsv sn kYbY wcv jvsh. (jc} 18/94-99) sp utfwsqv ifw dlsq
zdkm jvsh (nQJAfdLjA W diifnfv kfVbfv Ist) kfv nm ifdb ifb jsv
db}swN jsv sItsh. kfslv yvm {ifk wcv rsh. kJb rpvk nf
lczf
jvshb. zffr kfzftf kfslv mfsU jiajfv sifjf siavB jvshb. pfv lQwsb
kfvf nhf LQn rsq pfsh. zfhfv kfslv whslsrv iyb os njst zdk rsq
Esh. zffr kfzftf hV hV ifJD siavB jvshb. sn ifdJv lt nm
whslrsj sjfKfW lCsv sIst slw idvjk
x jvsh. zk}iv mcNtLfsv hxd hNGB
rsh hQ nhdjYc Lcsq mcsY idh rsq pfsh. (mc} 2137)
zk}iv wcv rsh snfbfv pco. Icst-Instv ixdKhD nhcu rsq Esh. njt mfbcN
Lbhfb rsh. bAfq ivfqBkf hQ ncdhyfv iadkf rsh. stfH, sN, wkf W
mf{npG kAfdl zbAfqfyvB LvBD sKsj dhlfq sbsh. dhNLv uDhusj dhNrDb jvf
rsh. sjfb drQnauv drQnf Kfjsh bf. sj jfsvf w Kfjsh bf. mfbcN W iwc
sj jfsj slsJ Hq ifsh bf. wfdv zfstfsj ixdKhD fdnk rsq Esh. nmoa
ixdKhDv mfbcN j rsh. j mb, j LmG j vfu. njst mcntmfb rsh. kJb
zffr YfVf zbA jfsvf ifnbf zfslZ rsh bf. sjfb jtr-dhhfl pc-dhoar
Kfjsh bf. uosk dhvfu jvsh wcLc hvjk hf iafycpG, ncJ zfv wfd. (n} uf}

7752)

rpvk nf
sjfb bkcb LmG hf JaDfb LmG dbsq zfnshb bf. dkdb rpvk
mcrfml -v LmDGq zbcwfnb iadkdk jvshb. Hfsh dkdb ydw h{nv
pfh{ lcdbqfq zhfb jvshb. kfviv k]fv dksvfLfb rsh.
klbv zdLj fYAl W dhtfdnkfq icbvdi mfbcN zffrsj Hctsk hnsh.
LDsv LDsv LmDGq fb dhtDb rsq pfsh. bfmfp, svfpf, r, pfjfk kAfdl ntfmD
LmGjmG mfbcN idvrfv jvsh hQ HcstW pfsh. jcvzfb wvDI zdrGk rsh. jde
zfqfkW ixdKhDsk zhdw Kfjsh bf. (rfsIp skf Kfjsh bf.) nflf mcnrfI isV

kfWrDl

55

Kfjsh. djYc hx mfbcN sjht jstmfde msb vfJsh. (dn} n} 87)

zfuh j uv zfdhHGfh rsh. pf mfbcsNv nfsK jKf htsh. (jc} 27/82)
zk}iv jiajfv hfkfn nfvf ixdKhDsk YdVsq iVsh. pfsk iaskAj mcdmsbv mxkcA
rsh. zhdw Kfjsh wcLc jfsIv W nhsysq dbjx swaBDv mfbcN. mfbcN icbvfq
ufsrdtqfskv sOfv zjfsv dIsv pfsh. wcv rsh zfhfvW mCdkGiCuf. iajfw rsh
pk mrfifsiv. mfbcN vff-Ofse iwcv bAfq sj zisvv nmcsJ hAdHyfv
jvsh.(pdlW kf idymD nHAkfq hkGmfsbW dhlAmfb.) (mc} 2937) Jfsef if
dhdw j jxjfq rfhwD hfqkcfr jf'hf wvDI LQn jsv kfv nm nil tcse
sbsh. (n} n} 1/245)
zk}iv idym dlj sKsj nCspGflq rsh. mfbcN kf slsJ Hsq mfb zfbsk
yfsh. dj kJb `kWhf'v lvuf h rsq pfsh. jfsvf mfb kJb sjfb jfsu
slsh bf. (jc} 6/158, hc} 4636, mc} 157)
djqfmskv nhGswN zftfmk j HDNB d[ zdo; pf mfbcNsj rfwsvv mfsEv
dlsj umfsqk jvsh. (mc} 2901)
nh HdhNAfbD sjfb hhflDv EbEsb fsb oarBspfoA bf rstW mcndtsmv
dbje kf J]fde hfh W nkA. skfmfv nialfq skf Wsj dmKAf hstsY zKy rf
nkA. ht `zfdm skfmfslv jfpGdbhGfrj b.' iaskAj hfkGfv ubA dbLGfdvk jft
vsqsY hQ wDOa skfmvf zhdrk rsh. (jc} 6/66-67)

ddj
jqqffmmk
k
zffrv Yfq pJb djqfmk zfnfv nmq rsh kJb rpvk nvfIDt
-sj
dwfq Ic{jfsvv dbslGw slWqf rsh. ucmzfv dlb nchrx { dwfq Ic{jfv jvst
nm uDh mxkAc jhdtk rsh. ihGkmftf nsmk ixdKhD {d[ rsh hQ j
Lffq nh yCBG-dhyCBG rsq pfsh. (jc} 69/13-14) iajdik rsh nfvf lcdbqf hQ
ihGknmCr hrmfb hftcjfvfdwsk idvBk rsh. (jc} 73/14) zfjfw rsh odtk
Lfkcv hQ ihGkmftf rsh Lcdbk vMDb iwsmv mk, (jc} 70/80,101/5)
mCdtk mvDdyjfh{. (jc} 78/20)
sndlb ixdKhD rsh wCbA iafv. (jc} 18/47) mnxB nmkt HCdmsk idvBk rsh;
pfsk sjfb ]yc-bDyc lx rsh bf. (jc} 20/106-107) kfv osHG pf zfsY nh
dbd[ rsh. (jc} 84/4) sndlbjfv ixdKhDv mfde rsh iCshGv sKsj dHkv. wc
idvjxk dyrrDb dhk
x W hdLGk HCdmsk idvBk rsh. (hc} 6521)
nmcla sdtk rsh. (jc} 82/3) hQ iauf dtk rsh. (jc} 52/9)
sndlb zfjfw iahtHfsh zfslfdtk rsh. (jc} 52/9) dhlDBG rsq dhdw rsq
iVsh. (jc} 69/16,82/1, 84/1) dtdJk lIkv ocefsbfv bAfq ocdesq sItf
rsh. (jc} 21/104)
sndlb nCpG dbiaH rsh. (jc} 81/1) yla suAfdkrDb rsq iVsh. nCpG W ylasj

kfWrDl

56

jdk jvf rsh (jc} 75/7-8) b[ mtD dhd[ rsh hQ Jsn Jsn iVsh.

(jc} 82/2,81/2)

nmoa dhh LQn rsh. sjht zfvw, jcnDG , tWr, jtm hQ nCv (dwfv) LQn rsh
bf. sndlb zffr ifj ixdKhDsj mcdh jvshb hQ zfjfw mtDsj k]fv ld[B
rs ocdesq sbshb. zk}iv htshb, `zfdm hflwfr. sjfKfq ixdKhDv
hflwfoB?' (jc} 39/67, hc} 4819)
zk}iv dkDqhfv dwfq Ic{jfv jvf rsh. pfsk nm zfkf - slsr (hf
slrfQsw) nQpc rsq pfsh. mfbcsNv nhdjYc mfde rsq sostW smvlsv dbbfQw
zhdw Kfsj. sn zd sKsj dslv bAfq mfbcN nuDh rsq Esh. (jc} /57

hc} 4814,mc} 2955)

pfslv slr mfsYv sise sKsj nmcsla dhtDb rsq pfq zKhf zdolfsr Hm rsq
pfq, kfslv slsrvW sjfb bf sjfb zBcidvmfB zQw dbsq (zKhf bf dbsq)
zffr uffk jclvfkcr kfslvsjW icbvdk jvshb. zfv kf zffrv dbje
zdk nru.
nfvf nxuDh icbvfq uDdhk rsq Esh. dj iaKm uDhsbv sysq uDhb djYcef
dHkv rsh. spmb, uDhsb pk j srfj, pk mxkcA zfncj dj khcW jfsvf
mvB rsh bf. (jc} 14/17)
ifdKGh uDhsb pf lxwA dYt bf, kf uDhsb lxwA rsh. spmb, dIdvf W dub
nialfqsj slJf pfsh. uffsk uffkDslv KcKc, ianfa h, ifqJfbf zffdl zidhkf
htsk djYc Kfjsh bf, kAfdl. (dj}jc} 54)
mfde sKsj nhG iaKm Eshb zfmfslv mrfbhD . (mc} 2278)
iaskAj dub W bnfb yfsr kfv nmfdL mfdesk srfj djQhf ifdbsk, sjfb uv
uEsv srfj djQhf sjfb ifJD hf mfsYv lsv, smfe jKf sp spJfsb Kfj bf sjb
sndlb njtsj jdk rsk rsh. njtsj zffr umfsqk jvshb. (jc}
2/148) Hctsm sj sjfKfW sKsj pfsh bf. zffr uffk jclvfkcr njtsj
dhswNHfsh oBbf W drnfh jsv svsJsYb. (jc} 18/48,19/93-95) mbdj
zbAfbA iafBDnmCrsjW jdk jvf rsh. (jc} 42/29,81/5) hQ sndlb kfslv
zfsifsNv bnfI dlsq mfdesk idvBk jvf rsh. pJb jfsIvvf htsh, rfq! pdl
zfmvfW mfde rsk ifvkfm! (lc} m} 8/401)
sndlb mfbcN t sh-Jkbf zhfq Jfdt ifsq rfwsvv mqlfsb umfsqk rsh.
dj sndlbjfv Hqv jdEbkfq sj jfsvf dlsj lxjifk jsv ipG slJsh bf.

(hc} 6526,mc} 2859)

pfvf r hf Wmvfv rvfm zhfq sjft jsv kfvf djqfmsk kftdhqfr

iVsk iVsk fb jvsh. wrDlosBv [kfb sKsj v Uvsk Kfjsh. zfv sn
vsv nco rsh dmwXj zfsvv mk. (hc} 2803)
zk}iv njtsj idvsLq h slWqf rsh. nhGfsoa rpvk hafrDm JtDtcfr
-sj h ivfsbf rsh. (hc} 6526, mc} 2869)

kfWrDl

57

ddj
jqqffmmssk
kvv H
Hqqffhhr
rk
kff
djqfmk- mrfiatq dlhn.
sn j mrfdlb. spdlb nm mfbcN dhhuoskv iadkiftsjv nmcsJ lfqmfb
rsh. (jc} 83/4-6) jdEb Hqfbj sn dlb. (jc} 67/27) kfv HCdmji j
HqQjv hAfifv. iakA[jfvD sndlb slJsk ifsh, iaskAj bAlfD kfv lcsifNA
dwwcsj dhmxk rsh hQ iaskAj oHGhkD kfv oHGifk jvsh. mfbcNsj slJsh
mfkft nlxw, zKy kfvf sbwfoa bq. hk} zffrv wfd jdEb. (jc} 22/1-2)
sndlb mfbcsNv rlq n hQ lxd HDdk-dhrtkfq bk rsh. (jc} 79/8-9)
sndlbjfv Hqfhrkf kvBsj hxs idvBk jvsh. (jc} 73/17) sndlb ivisvv
msLA zfkDqkfv hb Kfjsh bf. zfv sj zisvv sJ]fu-Jhv sbsh bf. (jc}
23/101) mfbcN kfv fkf, mfkf, dikf ikD W kfv nfbslv idvrfv jvsh.
sndlb Wslv iaskAsj zisvv dyf bf jsv dbsusj dbsq hA Kfjsh. (jc}
80/34-37) sndlb dikf nfsbv sjfb ijfsv hQ nfbW kfv dikfv sjfb
ijfsv zfnsh bf. (jc} 31/33) sndlb jfsvf ncifdvw Djxk rsh bf, jfsvf
dbje rsk sjfb [dkiCvB oxrDk rsh bf hQ sj sjfb iajfv nfrfpA ifsh bf.
(jc} 2/48) sn dlb bf sjfb q-dhq Kfjsh, zfv bf hck hf ncifdvw. (jc}

2/254)

ixdKhDsk mfbcN nislv dhdbmsq, isTZjb sHe zKhf OcN dlsq djQhf hck W
idvysqv mfLAsm, djQhf ncifdvw, skfNfml hf yfeCdv mfLAsm dbsuv fsKG
dndtfH jsv Kfsj. dj sndlb v nhef zyt. ixdKhD iCBG BG dhdbmq vi
ialfb jvstW jJsbf kf jhct jvf rsh bf. (jc} 3/91)
sndlb ifw rfufv hYsvv nmfb. sndlb ncrl ncrslv Jhv sbsh bf. pdlW
Wslvsj sj zisvv lxd-nDmfv msLA vfJf rsh. sndlb zivfLD wfd rsk
dbjxdk tfsHv ubA mcd-iB vi dlsk yfsh -kfv nfb-ndksj, D W
fkfsj, kfv fdk-sofdsj pfvf kfsj zfwaq dlk hQ ixdKhDv nm djYc -pdl
mcd-iB kfsj mc jvsk ifvk! bf, jJb bf. ocdt kfsj v[f jvsh bf.

(jc} 70/4-15)

sndlb mfbcN dhd[ iksv mk rsh. (jc} 101/4) sndlsbv lDOGkfq mfbcN
msb jvsh, spb sn ixdKhDsk mf j nAf zKhf j iaHfkjft zhfb jsvsY.
(jc} 79/46,10/45) sndlb nCpG mft hvfhv mfbcsNv dbjehkDG rsh. (mc}
2864, mc} zf} 5/254) hQ zffrv zfvswv Yfqf hAkDk zfv zbA sjfb Yfqf
Kfjsh bf. (hc} 660, mc} 1031, mc zf} 4/128)

j
jffssI
Ivvssllvv z
zhhf f

kfWrDl

58

sndlb jfsIvslvsj Wslv mcsJ Hv dlsq ytf zhfq nmshk jvf rsh. (jc}
17/97, hc} 6523) sndlb Wvf jhv rsk lakshso shv rsh. msb rsh Wvf sjfb

jde t[A stv dlsj Lfdhk rsY. rDbkfoa rsq Wvf Wslv lxd zhbk
jvsh. (jc} 70/43-44) zimfsb zhbdmk sbs sndlb Wvf jhv sKsj dhd[
iifstv bAfq shv rsh. Wvf zfrhfbjfvDv dlsj Ycse zfnsh HDk-dhrt rsq.
nkA iakAfJAfbjfvDvf htsh, `Hqfhr dlb!' (jc} 54/7-8) htsh, `rfq,
lcsHGfo zfmfslv! sj zfmfslvsj ncsfdk jvt?' (jc} 36/52) sndlb Wslv
y[cdv rsh. rDbkfq zfjfswv dlsj sysq Wvf HDk-dhrt dys YcefYcde jvsh.
Wslv dbsuslv iadk Wslv lxd Kfjsh bf hQ Wslv zv dhjt rsh. (jc}
14/42-43) lc}sJ-js Wslv iafB Wfok rsh. kfslv zv sjfb hc rsh
bf; pfv ncifdvw oafrA rsh mb sjfb ncifdvwjfvDW rsh bf. (jc} 40/18)
sn dlb zivfLDoBsj r-ilwxJdtk zhfq slJf pfsh. Wslv ufmf rsh
zftjfkvfv hQ zdo Wslv mcJmt zfY jvsh. (jc} 14/49-50)
nCpG zdk dbjehkDG rWqfv jfvsB mfbcN zkA OmGdn rsh. slnafsh zfmt
zbcpfqD jfsvf ifsqv oad zhdL, jfsvf r]fec zhdL, jfsvf jde zhdL, jfsvf hf
bfdnjf (W jBG) ipG Fch rsh. (mc} 1474, mc} 2864) (17) mfdev dbsy sn
Ofm si]ZYsh 70 rfk. (hc}, dm} 5539bQ)
sndlb hV idvkfsiv dlb! sn jdEb dlsb zffrv Hqv zfpfh hQ dbsuv
tfbf slsJ jfsIv zkAfdLj zfIsnfn W tfq sIse iVsh. sn dbsuv rq
lQwb jvsk jvsk htsh, `rfq, pdl zfdm vnCstv nfsK n{iK zhtb jvkfm!
rfq lcsHGfo, pdl wqkfbsj hcvsi oarB bf jvkfm! zfmfsj zhwA sn dhf
jsvdYt zfmfv dbje jcvzfb siZ]Yfbv iv.' (jc} 25/27-28)
jfsIvslv zbAfq W ifi [mf jvf rsh bf. kfslv sjfb Wpv-zfid oafrA jvf
rsh bf. pJb kfvf dbvfw rsq iVsh, kJb dbsuslv LQn jfmbf jsv mfdesk
idvBk rsk yfsh. (jc} 4/42,78/40) sndlb kfslv nm zfmt dhIt W hAKG
jvf rsh. jfvB, kfslv nh zfmt dYt dHdrDb (kfWrDlrDb). (jc} 24/39,

3/85,117,14/18, 25/23)

sndlb mcfjDb YfVf njstv hck wkfq idvBk rsh. (jc} 43/67) hfdkt
iCufvD W iCduskv mfsU dhkjG W UoVf rsh. (jc} 26/91-99) iCufvDvf kfslv
slh-slhD (mCdkG, ofY, ifKv, jhv kAfdl) ocdtsj zDjfv jvsh. (jc} 30/13)
sp nm dIdvf bhD W WtDv k]fslv zufs W znmdksk hflk jvf rsqsY
k]fvf njst kf zDjfv jvshb. zfv hAfifsv k]fslv zbhLbkf, dbdtGkf
hQ lfnDbkf iajfw jvshb. (jc} 5/116-117, 10/28-30, 16/86-87, 34/40-41)
sndlb dhdH f mkhfslv sbkfslv nfsK kfslv zbcofmDoB dhkjG W jtr
jvsh hQ j zivsj slfND msb jvsh. (jc} 37/29-35)
lcht
G swaBDv mfbcN kfslv nht smfVt mfkvslv nfsK j Lvsbv hfl() nCpG k jfsY rWqf nsW sj icsV pfsh bf. jfvB, zfsJvfskv wvDv ifdKGh wvDv sKsj

dHkv. spmb 70 ocB sku zfsb W ufrffsm sj Hm rsq swN rsq pfsh bf.

kfWrDl

59

iadkhfl jvsh. lcdlGsbv ubA kfvf kfslv sbkfslvsj lfqD msb jvsh. (jc}

14/21, 34/31-33, 38/55-64, 40/47-48)

jfsIv W kfv uDhb nfKD wqkfb jfvDsbv mfsUW hfl-dhnQhfl W hfoXdhkf

ytsh. (jc} 50/23-29) mfbcN kfv slsrv z iakAsv nfsKW UoVf jvsh.
(jc} 41/19-21) skmdb kfv slr zfkfv ns dhkjG jvsh hQ sj zivsj
slfNfsvfi jsv ufrffm pfWqf W zfpfshv jfvB hst msb jvsh. (k} } jf} 6/92)
zfpfshv jdEbkfq sj zivsj v ubA lfqD jvsh. iaskAj zbcnfvD hAd
kfv zbcnk
x sbkfv iv c rsq kfv ubA Fht wfd jfmbf jvsh. (jc}

7/38, 33/66-67, 41/29)

wqkfb kfv zbcnfvD W iCufvDslv jfsY dbsuv nfIf siw jvsh. nm slfN
W zivfL kfslv iv yfdisq dlsh. (jc} 14/22)
sp zffrv nvsB dhmcJ rq (jcvzfb W Db sKsj mcJ dIdvsq sbq) kfsj sndlb
z zhfq dk jvf rsh. (jc }20/124)

ssooffbbffr
rooffvv mmdc dc mmbbssllvv z
zhhff
sn Hqfbj dlsb sofbfrofv mcdmbslvW dhdH zfpfh rsh. pfvf mfstv pfjfk
zflfq jsvdb, kfslv mftsj dhNLv nsiGv vi dlsq kfslv js uVfb rsh. (dm}
1774) kfslv snfbf y]fdl W mclfa sj ufrffsmv zfocsb jsv kfslv ttfe,
ifwG W ixslsw lfof rsh. (jc} 9/34-35) sp nm iwcv pfjfk zflfq jsvdb,
sn nm iwc kfslvsj illdtk W di jvsh. nh kk[B ipG rsk Kfjsh
pk[B ipG kfslv is[ uffk zKhf ufrffsmv Ifqnftf bf rsqsY. (mc}

987)

zrQjfvD W odhGk mfbcN sndlb dididtjfv bAfq [clva si lfqmfb Kfjsh.

nhGdlj sKsj kfsj zimfb W tfbfq shb jvsh. (jc} 5112)
pfslv iadk zffrifj sndlb HDNB vfofdk W c rsq jKf htshb bf,
kfdjsq slJshb bf hQ [mfW jvshb bf kfvf } wvDqskv sjfb fb sjfb
fKGstfsH sofibjfvD zfstm. (jc} 2/174) zDjfv W iadkf HjfvD.
fKGhsw dmKAf jnmsJfv. (jc} 3/77) ifsqv o]fsev dbsy Ucdtsq jfiV
idvLfbjfvD (icvN). dmKAf jnm sJsq mft dhskf. jfsvf iadk ijfv W zbcora
jsv kf iajfw jsv zfkiawQnfjfvD. (mc} 108) x ifdb Kfjf nsW sp
idKsjv kxf dbhfvB jsv bf, fsKGv ubA sp mfsmv rfsk hfqfk jsv, (mc}108)
hx hAdHyfvD, dmKAfhflD vfuf, zrQjfvD ovDh. (mc} 107) dikf-mfkfv zhfLA
nfb, icvNshdwbD bfvD, sp dbsuv D-jbAf-shfbsj iv-icvsNv (pfslv ns
dhhfr sjfb jfstW ShL mb stfjslv) nfsK zhfL dmtfdmwfq hfLf slq bf. (hf
hkGmfsbv iaodkhflD W zfstfjiaf hf kKfjdKk nHAswaBDv mfbcN pfvf Lvsbv
bokf W ilGfrDbkfsj bfvD fLDbkf hst msb jsv.) (mc} uf} 3066) Dv

kfWrDl

60

ocrAfsv nmjfvD. (dk} 1165)

sndlb dhtfndiaq nilwftD hV nQjDBGkfq zhfb jvsh. (dn} n} 343)
iaskAj sLfjfhfsuv jfsY sndlb sLfjfv ikfjf rsh. zfmfbsk sJqfbkjfvDv
iaskAj zfmfbk sndlb idk jvf rsh. pfv lvb kfvf sn ncdhwft ubnms[
zimfdbk W tfdk rsh. (jc} 3/161, mc} 1736)
pfvf zisvv dbje rsk bf rj udm zfknf{ jsv (uhv lJt jsv hf dtdJsq
sbq) kfslvsj HCoHG jvf rsh. (hc} 2454, mc} zf} 2/99)
pfvf lc'mcsJ spJfsb spmb snJfsb skmb jKf hst kfslv zfocsbv duH rsh.
(n}uf} 6471) pfvf nfmKGAhfb zKy pff jsv kfslv mcsJ sndlb mfQn Kfjsh
bf. (hc} 1474, mc} 1040) sjhtfv dlsj sp KcKc sIst kfv KcKc sndlb kfv y[cv
nfmsb rfdpv jvf rsh. (dn}n} 22) pfvf dmKAf i hfdbsq hBGbf jsv kfslvsj
lc'de pshv mfsU nQspfo nfLb jvsk htf rsh (pf jfsvf nfLA bq.) oc jKfq pfvf
jfbfdy ifsk kfslv jfsb odtk nDnf Tftf rsh. (hc} 7042)

mm
c
c ffj
jDD mmdc dc mmbboossBBvv z
zhhff
zffrv diaq hflfslv sndlb sjfb Hq-wf Kfjsh bf. (jc} 43/68-69) kfvf
sndlb dbvfisl zhfb jvshb. (jc} 6/82, 21/101) khcW zffrv sfL slsJ
njst dydk rshb.
sn svZla-iaJv YfqfrDb dlsb zffrifj pfslvsj zfvswv Yfqf lfb jvshb
kfvf } bAfqivfqB hflXwfr, spZhsb hflkjfvD pchj, mnduslv iadk pfv zv
Ucst Kfsj, zffrv kcd dhLfsbv ubA hck fibjfvD lc hc, mb wvDI W
nQpmD icvN sp zffrv Hsq sjfb nff nclvD zdHnfdvjfv Ffsj nfVf slq bf,
Hfsh lfbwDt, dbuGsb zffrsj nvBjfst zwa dhnuGbjfvD hAd. (hc} 660,
mc} 1031) hQ sp hAd kfv BDsj B-idvswfsL zdLj nmq lfb jsv zKhf
B mfI jsv slq. (dk} 1306)
zsbj mfbcsNv iadklfb kfslv zfmstv nmvi rsh; spmb sp zisvv j lCv
jsv zffr djqfmsk kfv j lCv jvshb. sp zivsj [mf jsv, zffr kfsj
sndlb [mf jvshb, kAfdl. pfvf bAfq dhyfv jsv Kfsj kfvf sndlb bCsvv smfsv
ishwb jvsh. (mc} 1827) Wpc jsv pfvf bfmfp jfsqm jsv kfslv Wpcv
zocdt djqfmsk bCsv ymdjk rsh. (hc} 136)
mcdmbslv ubA dlb rsh mf spfrv W zfnsvv mLAhkGD nmqjft nmfb. (rf}

1/84, dnn} 2456 bQ)

w
ci
wffI
Iffz
zffk
k hhff nni
c ffddvvw
w

kfWrDl

61

djqfmk dj dhHDdNjfmq dlb! hflfv iaskAj jxkjsmGv drnfh sbWqf rsh. qQ

zffr zfpXpf zuff kfslv drnfh sbshb. bhD, WtD, wrDl, nfstr njst
dydk. njstv Hfhbf dbsusj dbsq. sndlb bf sjfb djt Kfjsh, bf sjfb hc.
bf sjfb dhdbmq, Ocn, udvmfbf zfv bf- sjfb nfrfpA ncifdvw. (jc} 2/254) sn
zflftskv rfjDm qQ zffr. k]fv dhyfsv bf sjfb djstv lvjfv, bf sjfb
nf[D hf iamfB-nhck siw jvfv iasqfub. jfvB, dkdb rfjDm, dkdb `WqfjDt'
(djt) dkdb hflfv nm jsmGv iv nf[D W iakA[ lwGD. (jc} 3/98,

22/17)

khcW hflfsj bAfqdhyfsv ncdbdyk jvfv ubA zfdqf, msk mcrfmfdlqf hQ

hflfv dhdH z-iakAsjW nf[D mfbf rsh. (jc} 2/143, 22/78, 39/69, 24/24,

36/65, 41/20)

hflf pf djYc msb msb jsv zKhf jfspG idvBk jsv kfv icJfbcicJvi k]fv
ufbf. (jc} 3/29, 27/25, 60/1, 33/45) nm ncifdvswv zdLjfvDW dkdb.
jfv [mkf sp, k]fv lvhfsv ncifdvw jsv? (jc} 2/ 48, 254, 39/44)
dj sn Hqfbj dlhn djqfmk sjfseGv dhyfvj zffr kfzftf yfst, k]fv
zbcmdksm jfsvf ncifdvw ytsh. dj sj jvsh, jfv ubA ncifdvw jvfv
zbcmdk rsh kfv jsqjde fkhA wkG vsqsY }
1. ncifdvwjfvDv ncifdvw jvfv [mkf } zkh pfv [mkf sb, sp
dbsuv jxkjmG dbsq HDk-n W dydk, kfv dj rsh- kf dbsq sp hA sn
sjfbdlb ncifdvw jvsk ifvsh bf. kf hfdkt mf'hcslv dhhfnDvf pfvf zffr
hAkDk sjfb mfde-ifKsvv jfsY ncifdvswv zfwf vfsJ kfslv LfvBf W zfwf f.

(jc} 34/23, 43/86)

2. pfv ubA ncifdvw jvf rsh sn spb skZrDlhflD mcndtm

rq } zKGf{ sjfb mcwdvj hf jfsIsvv ubA sjfb ncifdvw rsh bf. (jc}
40/18) (18)
3. pfv ubA ncifdvw jvf rsh kfv iadk zffrv nd }
zkh dkdb pfv ubA ncifdvw oarB jvsk vfdu W nmk rshb kfv ubA
rsh. (jc} 53/26)
4. ncifdvwjfvDv ubA zffrv zbcmdk } dkdb pfsj zbcmdk
slshb sjht sn hAd ncifdvw jvsk ifvsh. (jc} 2/255, 20/109)
zkh dbu Yfq sj jfsvf ubA ncifdvw jvsk ifvsh bf.
r]Af, lcdbqfv sjfb z vfufv lvhfsvv ncifdvswv nfsK sn nhG vfufdLvfsuv
lvhfsvv ncifdvswv sjfb dmt sb, sjfb kctbf sb. lcdbqfq vfuf hf wfnsjv
lvhfsv mb stfj ncifdvw jsv Kfsj pfv sn dhNsq sjfb spfoAkf sb. dj kfv
zfdLikA, nmfb hf hspGv Jfdksv ncifdvw oarB jsv sbWqf rq. zKhf kfv
iadk zdLj siam W Hfstfhfnf zKhf hcskv Jfdksv oarB jvf rq. zKhf kfv
iaHfh-iadkid hf smfnfsrdhv jfvsB mcv jsv sbWqf rq.
() zhwA zfhckfstshv ubA bhD

v ncifdvw sjht kf]v ubA dbdlG.

kfWrDl

62

zfhfv mb hAdv ubA ncifdvw jvf rq sp sbrfk [mfv spfoA bq. dj

zffrv lvhfsv v sjfbef ytsh bf . dhyfv k]fv rfsk, ncifdvw sFfvW k]fv
rfsk. k]fv dhbf zbcmdksk sjfb spfoA ncifdvwjfvDvW mcJ ipG Jctfv [mkf
rsh bf. (jc} 78/38)
lcdbqfv sjfb hflwfrv lvhfsv sjfb syfvsj ycdvv lfsq siw jvf rst vfsuAv
zfbfbcnfsv vfuf kfsj wfd slhfv hAhf jsvb. dj sjfb mD hf nlsnAv
ncifdvswv Ist syfvsj sjfb wfd bf dlsq mcd dlsk hfLA rb. jfvB, mD W
nlnA dbsq k]fv vfuk yst. vfsuAv dhdhL qb-Hfv k]fslv iv; zkh
k]fslv ncifdvw zoafrA jsv syfvsj wfd dlsq kf]slv mpGflfrfbD jsv mb Hfsk
yfb bf. jfvB, kfsk vfsuAv wxJtf-hAhf hQ qb isK hfLf iVsk ifsv.
zffr uff wfbcrv lvhfsv Lvsbv mpGflf hst ncifdvw sjhfsv znHh.
jfvB, k]fv vfsuA sjfb mD, nlnA, zmfkA, islf, ivfmwGlfkf hf nrfqsjv
iasqfub sb. dkdb nhGdhNsq qQniCBG hflwfr hQ fhtD jkGf.
nfvfufrfsbv dbqm-wxJtf k]fv dbu rfsk dbqdk. (jc} 34/21) zkh jfsvf
pXpk-mpGflf hf msbv sJqft dkdb jsvb bf. nfvf nxd pdl jfsIv rsq pfq khcW
k]fv sjfb isvfqf sb. (jc}14/8, mc} 2577) k]fv vfsuA sjfb [dkv HDdk
k]fsj iwG jsv bf. dkdb skf Yf jvst `jcb' (rW) ws znQJA bhD, WtD nxd
jvsk ifsvb. zkh jfsvf ncifdvsw k]fv hfLA rWqfv sjfb ian WsEbf. kf
mcndtm Lvsbv sjfb ncifdvsw dhhfnD bq. jfvB, Lvsbv wfIfzfsk jfsj
ncifdvwjfvD mfbf dwsjGv ipGfqHc.
djQhf syfsvv ubA hflwfv sjfb zfkDq; shom hf vfujcmfv zKhf sjfb hc
mcdv lfhD dbsq ncifdvw jsv. hflwfr kfslv Hfstfhfnfv Jfdksv hfLA rsq
syfvsj [mf jsv slb. Lvsbv ub-iaDdkv hst sjfb ncifdvwW kf]v lvhfsv
znHh. mcndtm Lvsbv wfIfzfsk dhhfnD bq. sn wfrfbwfrX dbu hflfsj
pk SbjeA W mrsk nmfdbk jsvb- jfsj JftDtcfr, jfsj jftDmcfr
jfsj vfr jfsj WuDr, jfsj `vnCst jfvDm', jfsj `mfjDb', jfsj
`vt jclnc ', jfsj `vt zfmDb' spmb ncnmfdbk ifdL dlsq HCdNk jsvb khcW hflwfr hflwfrX hQ iauf iauf.. iaHc iaHc, zfv lfn lfn. iaskAsjv
dbu dbu ixKj zfnb zfsY. sn mrfb nfv nfsK jfsvf zfkDqkf sb. k]fsj
jfsvf Hfstfhfnf hf hck zKhf zbA sjfb djYc sjfb jfsu hfLA jvsk ifsv bf.
kf]v Yf rst dkdb djYc jsvb, bsy{ bf. dkdb Ifqnftf jsvb, k]fv Ifqnftfq
SjdIqk stsbWqftf hf vljfvD sj sb. (jc} 13/41)
djQhf vjm rq sp, syfsvv ycdv skf nfhA rsqsY. dj syfv sjfb siwflfv
syfv bq. ycdv jvf kfv zHAfn bq, HfhW bq. lcHfG oAhwk} wqkfbD jcys
isV sn ycdv jsv sIstsY. vfufv lvhfsv tfq W zfkofdbsk sn OmGdn.
zimfsb kfv mj zhbk. dlhfvf wfdv Hsq hV HDk. vfsuAv zfbjfbcbsj sn OfV sisk mfsb hQ dbsusj jub zivfLD, ifiD W wfd ifWqfv
spfoA msb jsv. l sKsj zhAfrdk ifhfv jfmbf sn jsv. dj kfv ubA hflwfv
lvhfv sYsV sjfb mD hf smfsvv lvufq pfq bf. zfv hflwfr YfVf sj kfsj

kfWrDl

63

nfrfpA jvsk ifvsh hst LfvBfW vfsJ bf. vfkdlb k]fv Ifqnftf W bAfq dhyfv
ufbfv ubA nlf {ncj Kfsj hQ nlf k]fv jvBf W lqfv mcJfsi[D Kfsj.
wdk Kfsj, bf ufdb mrfmfsbAv lvhfsv zivfLDv dj spfoA wfdv wcbfdb rsh ?
zivfLDv iajk
x zhf hcsU hflwfv msb lqfv slaj rq. dkdb zivfLDsj
[mf jvsk yfb, dj vfsuAv nQdhLfb W zfb-wxJtfvW sJqft vfJsk yfb,
pfsk stfjnmfsu zfsbv mpGflf dhb bf rsq pfq. kf kf]v dk sisq sjfb
mD hf nlnA hf sjfb hc ncifdvswv ubA lfqmfb rb. hflwfr kf]v mpGflfhLGsbv
ubA zfifk}lxdsk kf]v ncifdvw mcv jsv syfsvv zivfL [mf jsv slb.
ncifdvwjfvD zivfLDv ubA jfvsB ncifdvw jsvbdb sp, sn k]fv sjfb zfkDq
zKhf hc. djQhf dkdb kfv ixsifNjkfv lfdqk dbsqdYstb. hvQ dkdb
sjhtmf hflwfv nmdk t[A jsv ncifdvswv ubA lfqmfb rsqdYstb. jfvB,
dkdb bAfqivfqB hflwfv dhh mD hf zbcok W mkfbchkDG hc, zivfLDslv
ixsifNj bb. jfvB, zivfLDv ixsifNjW zivfLD.
mrfb zffrv lvhfsv swaBDv zbcmdkiaf ncifdvw rsh. mcndtm
ncifdvsw dhhfn W zfwf vfsJ.
swN bhD rpvk mcrfmfl djqfmsk swaBDv ncifdvw jvshb. (kf} })
zbAfbA zfdhqfoB, djYc dIdvf, mcsmbDbW djqfmsk ncifdvw jvshb. (hc}
7439, mc} 183) wrDloB dbu idvhfsvv 70 hAdv ubA ncifdvw jvshb. (zf}
lf} 2564, hf} 9/164, n} uf} 3449) sp nh dwwc-nfb Swwsh mfvf pfq kfvf
kfslv mcndtm dikf-mfkfv ubA djqfmsk ncifdvw jvsh. (mc} 2635) svfpf
svfpflfsvv ubA hQ jcvzfb kfv ifEjfvDv (sktfzkjfvDv) ubA zffrv
lvhfsv mcdv ncifdvw jvsh. (mc} zf} 2/174, mc} 804) nCvf mctXj kfv
dbqdmk sktfzkjfvDv ubA ncifdvw jvsh. (dk} 2891) sjfb mxk mcndtsmv
ubA jw ub zKhf ydwub mcntmfb pfvf sjfbdlb sjfb dwjG jsvdb ufbfpfv
bfmfsp kfslv ncifdvw jhct rq. (mc} 947, 948) njt ncifdvw sjhtmf
zffrv zbcmdk W nmdksm nHh rsh. ufbfpfv bfmfsp hf zbAfbA lczf W
soIfsv ncifdvswv dw[f spsrkc zffr hQ zffrv vnCt (zffr kvI
sKsj) dlsqsYb, sn srkc ncifdvswvW k]fv zbcmdk vsqsY.
dkdb bf yfst ncifdvw nHh bq hst mcndtm mrfbhD hQ zbAfbAslv
ncifdvw ifWqfv jfmbf jsv zffrv jfsY iafKGbf ufbfq. pfv ncifdvw ytsh,
kfv jfsY yfq bf.
pfvf jKfq jKfq mfbcNsj tfbkfb hf dkvfv jsv, kfvf djqfmsk jfsvf ubA
ncifdvw jvsk (zbcmdk) ifsh bf. (mc} 2598)
sp hAd mlDbf bhhDqfq wk j hvB jsvW hfn jsv snJfsb mxkcAhvB jsv,
(mc} 1363) sp hAd zfpfsbv uWqfh slWqfv iv mrfbhD -v iv lvl
ifE jsv k]fv ubA zffrv jfsY `znDtfr' (mrfbhD -v ubA uffskv j
ncy ncnmfdbk fb) `zffmf vff rf-dpdrl lf'Wqfdkk kf-mfr' -
lczf isV iafKGbf jsv, (hc} 614, mc}384) hQ sp hAd zdLj bIt bfmfp isV

kfWrDl
(mf} pf} 2/249) sn njt hAdv ubA dhswN jsv zffrv vnCt

64

djqfmsk

ncifdvw jvshb.
djqfmskv mqlfsbv jdEbkf W Hqfhrkf sKsj mcd sisk mfbcN iaKsm zfdl
dikf rpvk zflm
-v jfsY zffrv lvhfsv ncifdvw jvfv ubA zfshlb
ufbfsh. dj dkdb zffrv oph W dbsuv dev jKf nvB jsv ncifdvw jvsk
nfrn jvshb bf. njtsj rpvk bCr
-v dbje spsk htshb. dkdbW j
jKf sJqft jsv rpvk hafrDm
-v dbje spsk htshb. dkdb rpvk mCnf
-v hQ rpvk mCnf
rpvk nf -v dbje, zfv dkdb j Wpv
siw jsv rpvk mcrfmfl (pfv iChG W iyfskv sofbfr mfI jvf rsqsY) v
dbje spsk htshb. kf]v dbje dhvfe zfshlb vfJst dkdb mfjfsm mfrmCsl
dnulfq isV zffrv znDm hdk hBGbf jvshb. zk}iv zffr uff wfbcr
htshb, `sr mcrfmfl! mfKf skft, dj yfW ht, skfmfsj slWqf rsh. kcdm ncifdvw
jv, mcv jvf rsh.'
klbv dkdb mfbcsNv ubA ncifdvw jsv drnfh dbsq njtsj djqfmskv jdEb
dlsbv Hqv mqlfsbv zhfb sKsj dbfv dlsk htshb. (hc} 7410, mc} 193)
jkj mdk pfslv sbjD-hlD nmfb rst kfslv uffk iashswv ubA, jkj
mdksj ufrffm sKsj mcdv ubA, jfsvfv djYc zfpfh rfjf jvfv ubA dkdb
zffrv lvhfsv ncifdvw jvshb. sn ncifdvswv rjlfv rsh iadk kWrDlhflD
mcndtm; pfvf sjfbdlb dwjG jsv bf. zffrv zfnsb sjfb ofqvfrsj hnfq bf.

(hc} 99, mc} zf} 2/307)

ofqvfrv jfsY sjfb ncifdvw sb. ofqvfr skf dbsusj dbsq hA. kfv
dbje ncifdvw yfWqf zKhf ncifdvswv ubA kfv iCufife jvf dwsjG zfjhv.
zkh mcndtm yfq wcLc zffrsj n jvsk, kf]v dhyfsv wcLc k]fsj `wfIDjfID' mfbsk. dkdb yfst sj kfv rsq ncifdvw jvsh, bsy{ bf. kf sn
zffr YfVf jfsvf Hvnf vfsJ bf. spJfsb hV hV bhD Wpv siw jsv ncifdvsw
nfrn jvshb bf, snJfsb zfv jfv iv Hvnf vfJf pfsh?
i[fsv zffrv bhD-WtD skf kf]v nd dhLfsbv ubA nhdjYc jsvb. pfvf
zffrsj zn jsv, dwjG jsv, dhlzfk jsv, tfmfslv jKfq jBGifk jsv bf,
nfvf uDhb ifsi dt sKsj bhD-WtDv ncifdvswv zfwf vfsJ kfslv zfwf lcvfwf.
bhD-WtD skf zffrv kcd dhLfsb dbsuv ufb-mft, D-ic, zfkDq-ub,
wfosvl-mcvDl njtsj jcvhfbD slb. sp zffrv lcwmb kfsj kf]slv lcwmb msb
jsvb- yfsr sn kf]slv dikf srfj zKhf ic. zkh zffr pfsj ufrffmhfnD
jvfv Yf jvshb kfv ubA bhD-WtD k]fv Yfv dhvs sjb ncifdvw jsv
uffsk Hvsk pfshb? hvQ k]fvfW yfshb, kfsj Lff smsv ufrffsm dbs[i
jvsk. jfvB kf]vf skf zffrv zffbchkDG lfn. iv bhD-WtDv YfbcpfqD
sj uffk ufrffm pfsh bf. hvQ zffr pfsj yfshb kfsj uffsk hQ pfsj
Yf ufrffsm iashw jvfshb. dkdb YfVf Jdkqfv skf jfsvf sb. (kf} })

kfWrDl

65

ddr
rnnffhh
vnCtc fr -v `wfIfzfsk jchvf'v Ist zffr ifj sn lDOG dlsbv pBf
sKsj mfbcNsj dbjxdk slhfv ubA dhyfsvv sswA ixdKhDsk zfomb jvshb.
k]fv bCsvv Utsj nfvf dhh fdnk rsq Esh. (jc} 39/69) nfvf nxd mCdYGk
rsq mfdesk iVsh. sjht rpvk mCnf
-spsrkc zffrv bCsv kCv ifrfsV
zfb rsqdYstb kf- kJb mCdYGk rshb bf. zk}iv swN bhD nhfv zfso
fb dIsv ifshb. (hc2411, mc} 2373)
zk}iv wcv rsh drnfh-dbjfw. zffr uff wfbcr zvft W lcHfND dhbf
iaskAj mfbh-lfbshv iaskAj jxkjsmGv nC[ drnfh sbshb. dkdb nhdjYc
ufsbb. khcW hflfv dhvs zdLj zdLj nhck-iamfBfdl siw jsv kfsj
dhyfsv n jvfv sswA dIdvf, zfdqf, tfmf, mfde, zfjfw, dlhfvfd hQ
hflfv dbsuv z-iakAsj nf[D mfbf rsh.
snJfsb mfbcsNv dmKAf htf hf djYc sofib jvfv ifq sb. mcsJ smfrv smsv
slWqf rsh hQ rfk jKf htsh zfv if jxkjsmGv nf[A slsh. (jc} 36/65)
skmdb jBG, y[c W kj nf[A slsh. Wvf kjsj htsh, skfmvf zfmfslv dhvs
nf[A dlY sjb ? sv kj htsh, zffr dpdb nm djYcsj hfjXwd dlsqsYb
dkdb zfmfslvW hfjXwd dlsqsYb---. (jc} 41/20-21)
msk mcrfmfdlqf nm mskv ubA nf[A ialfb jvsh. (jc} 2/143) hQ
kfv drnfh nhGfsoa sbWqf rsh.
zffr zdk [mfwDt ivm lqfhfb. kf]v bAfpA dhyfsv sjfb pctm Kfjsh bf.
hflfv nm zfmt rfdpv jvf rsh. zBc idvmfBW sbjD hf hlDv drnfh rsh
sndlb. (jc} 2/81, 18/49,31/16) jfsvf ifi zsbAv iv yfifsbf rsh bf.
njstv dbje rsk sjhtmf dbu dbu jxkjsmGv drnfh sbWqf rsh. (jc}
6/164) sndlb hflf kfv zBc idvmfB nkfn{ jxkjmGW slJsk ifsh. (jc}

99/7-8)

snJfsb zdhyfsvv sjfb nslr Kfjsh bf. zffr dbu vrmsk zsbj sbjD
Fht kKf lw sKsj nfkwk ocB hxd jsv Kfsjb. dj jde sofbfr jde
Kfsj. (jc} 2/261, 6/160,dm} 1959) zfhfv kWhfv Ist zsbsjv sofbfrsj
sbjDsk idvhkGb jsv Kfsjb. (jc} 25/70)
sndlb hflfsj iaw jvf rsh } zffrv iadk kfv mfb dYt dj bf ? sn jfv
hflk jsvdYt ? zfdhqfv zfrhfsb nfVf dlsqdYt djbf ? lcdbqfsk dj zfmt
jsvdYt ? (jc} 15/92,26/92)
kfv zfqc, spZhb, djHfsh sjfKfq dhb jsvsY? nil djHfsh zuGb jsvsY
hQ sjfb isK hAq jsvsY ? tXm zbcpfqD dj zfmt jsvsY ? (n} uf} 7176)

kfWrDl

66

zffrv iaskAj sbqfmk } zfb, ifdb JflA W fA kAfdl hAhrfv W kfv

iv jxkkf nisjG iaw jvf rsh. (jc} 102/8) zDjfv W iadkf nisjG
(iftb jsvsY dj bf?) (jc} 17/34) jBG y[c W zv nisjGW (sjfKfq W dj
jfsu hAhrfv jsvsY?) iaw jvf rsh. (jc} 17/36)
Lb-nil ians iaswv Ist ldvla swaBDv mfbcN LbD swaBDv mfbcsNv i]fywk
zKhf ydw hYv iCshG uffsk iashw jvsh. (mc} 2979, zf} lf} 3666, dk} 2354, } mf}

4122)

sjfb dhNsqv drnfh nhGfsoa sbWqf rsh ?

zffrv rjcsjv (zdLjfsvv) nhGiaKm bfmfspv drnfh oarB jvf rsh. (n} uf}
2020) mfbcsNv rjcsjv msLA nhGiaKm drnfh rsh Jcsbv. (hc} 6533) zffrv
sbqfmknmCsrv msLA iaKm iaw rsh ncfA W Eff ifdb nisjG. (n}uf} 2022)
nhGiaKm drnfh sbWqf rsh stfj ialwGb W bfm sjbfv sswA wrDl, zfstm,
rfsIp hf jfvD hQ lfkf hAdv. pfslv iaskAjsj mcJ sY]yXsV slfpsJ dbs[i
jvf rsh! (mc}, n}uf} 2014)
mfbcsNv zfmt zbcifsk drnfh jdEb W nru rsh. pfsj zdLj suvf jvf rsh
sn LQn rsh. (hc} 6536) msk mcrfmfdlqf sKsj nv rfufv mfbcN dhbf
drnfsh uffk iashw jvsh. (hc} 6572) mcdmsbv drnfh dbuGsb hQ jfsIsvv
ub nms[ sbWqf rsh.
sndlb sjvfmfb jfskhDsbv SkvDjxk zfmtbfmf oafjfsv iajfdwk rsh. sndlb
iaskAjsj htf rsh, `kcdm skfmfv djkfh (zfmtbfmf) ifE jv, zfu kcdm dbsu
skfmfv drnfh-dbjfswv ubA psK.' (jc} 17/13-14)
mcdmb W sbjjfv hflfv zfmtbfmf kfv nmcJ rsk Ffb rfsk slWqf rsh hQ
kfv drnfh zdk nrukvHfsh sbWqf rsh. (jc} 84/7-9) kJb zfbsl ysv
kfv zfmtbfmf njtsj iVsk htsh (jc} 69/19) hQ sn uffkhfnD rsh.
jfsIv, mcwdvj W mcbfdIjslv zfmtbfmf iyf{ rsk kfslv hfm rfsk slWqf
rsh. kJb kfvf `rfq rfq' jsv nhGbfswv Ffj slsh. (jc} 48/11) zfv kfslv
rfq-ifdbv nDmf Kfjsh bf. htsh `rfq! zfmfsj pdl zfmfv zfmtbfmf bf
slWqf rk hQ zfdm pdl zfmfv drnfh bf ufbkfm. rfq! zfmfv mxkcA pdl
zfmfv swN rk. zfmfv Lb-nil sjfb jfsu t bf. zfmfv [mkfW zinxk
rsqsY.' (jc} 69/25-29) zfv sn slfpJhfnD rsh.
ixdKhDsk mfbcN zivfL jsv sh]sy sostW djqfmsk kfv drnfh W iadkswfL
sbWqf rsh. pctm jsv sj jfsj yfhcj smsv Kfjst sndlb kfsj yfhcj smsv
iadkswfL zflfq jvf rsh. (n}uf} 6250) sj jfsj dmKAf zihfl dlsq
Kfjst kfvW `rX' sndlb jfsqm jvf rsh. (mc})
ivdblf-ivyyGf-ycotD kAfdl zivfsLv iadkswfLW hflfsj slWqf rsh.
sndlb njstv icd] u rsh sbjD. zivfsLv hlst zivfLDv sbjD dbsq pfv iadk
zivfL jsvsY kfsj slWqf rsh. zivfLDv pdl sjfb sbjD bf Kfsj kfrst pfv
iadk zivfL jsvsY kfv sofbfr dbsq zivfLDv iv yfdisq zivfsLv iadkswfL
sbWqf rsh. (hc} 2449, mc} 2581)

kfWrDl

67

zkAfyfv, pctcm, {iDVb djqfmskv zjfv. iajk

x ovDh sn pfv jfsY
sndlsbv ubA sjfb sbjDv nil sb. nc[ W bAfpA iadkswfL zflfq jvf rsh
sndlb. mbdj pfslv sbjD-hlD sb mb iwcslv mfsUW iadkswfL zflfq jvf
rsh. (mc} 2582, mc} zf} 1/72) zfv mcdmbslv zfsifsNv iadkswfL ictdnvfk
ifv rWqfv iv uffk iashswv iChG mCskG zflfq jvf rsh. (hc} 6535)
pfvf iajk
x ntfm nisjG djYc ufsbdb, wcsbdb kfslv jfsY hQ jfsIvslv
bfhftj dwwc nfb hQ ifotslv jfsY sndlb zffrv zfbcoskAv iv j
ivD[f sbWqf rsh. kfsk pfvf DBG rsh kfvf uffkhfnD hQ zhdw
slfpJhfnD rsh. (k} jf} 3/29-32)

r
rW
Wpp
zffrifj djqfmskv dlb k]fv vnCt JtDt -sj rWp (zmxk-ral) hQ
jWnv (zmxk-blD) lfb jvshb. (jc 108/1) nchrx { rWp W jWnv brv
Kfjsh uffkD wfvfsh idviCBG. sp idh wfvfh hf ifbDq lc rskW nflf, hvI
rskW wDkt, mLc rskW dm hQ dmnXj sysqW ncomq. (19)
zdk iaw sn rWp, pfv SlOGA-ia nmfb. j sjfB sKsj ziv sjfB ipG
jmfsnv iK, pfv kDsv BG W mdBmcfv hx[ Ck rsh. (mc} 2292 ) pfv
ifbif zfjfswv kfvjfvfduv mk znQJA rsh. (hc} 7439, dk} 2442)
sndlb iaskAj bhDv ubA jde jsv rWp rsh. dj swN bhD -v rWp nhfv
sysq hV, zdLj ncdm ifdbdhdw hQ kf sKsj ifbjfvD zdLj rsh. sp jhfv
sn ifdb ifb jvsh kfsj zfv sjfbdlb diifnf iwG jvsh bf. (hc} 6579)
mcdmb mdkoB sndlb sn ifdb ifb jvsk ifsh. dhlzfkDoBsj snJfb sKsj
dhlCdvk jvf rsh. (hc} 6576, mc} 2295) sn rWp iChG sKsj iak
vfJf
zfsY.

mmDDppffbb
drnfshv iv mfbcsNv zfmt Wub jvf rsh. zfmstv idvmfB zbcpfqD uffsk
mcdmsbv luGf hQ ufrffsm jfsIvslv luGf hf fb dbLGfdvk rsh. (jc} 21/47,

23/103-104)

zfmt Wub jvfv p `mDpfb' hf l]fdViff. pfv lcde iff W j]fef rsh. (I} hf}
13/538) ifi W icBAsj sjfb hv vi dlsq (zKhf bf dlsq) Wub jvf rsh,

spmb nCvf hfjfvfr W zfst mvfb smO djQhf jiajfv ifJDv vsi hflfv ubA
mcdv ncifdvw jvsh. (mc} 804)
nydvkf mDpfsb nhGfdLj HfvD rsh. mfbcNsjW Wub jvf rsh. kfv mfb
() ocsBv wfvfh rjfst ifbspfoA bf rstW ivjfst kf hfdk siq.

kfWrDl

68

zbcpfqD sn rff zKhf HfvD rsh. Ctslr HfvD mfbcN rstW pdl kfv mfb bf
Kfsj, kfrst mwfv Ffbf hvfhvW kfv Wub rsh bf. (hc} 4729,mc} 2785)
zfmtbfmfW Wub jvf rsh. jfstmf kfWrDslv jde jfsFGv Wub hV hV
svdufv sKsjW shwD rsh. (dk} 2639, mc} zf} 2/213, dn} n} 135)
drnfh-dbjfw swN rst iaskAj ltsj dbu dbu mf'hcslv zbcnvB jvsk zfslw
jvf rsh. kJb pfvf zffr YfVf pfv iCuf hf hflk jvk kfvf kfv zbcnvB
jvsh hQ (dIdvf W nfstrDb p]fslvsj k]fslv zufs W znmdksk iCuf
rsqsY kf]vf hAkDk) kfslv mf'hclnr njst ufrffsm dbidkk rsh . (jc} 37/23)
viv sjht mcdmboB zhdw Kfjsh hQ kfslv nfsK mcbfdIjvfW Kfjsh.
jfvB, lcdbqfsk hfrAk} kfvf kfslv lst Kfjk. zk}iv zffr uff wfbcr
kfslv dbje zfok rshb hQ htshb, `skfmvf jfv zsi[f jvY?' kfvf htsh
`zfmvf zfmfslv iadkiftsjv zsi[f jvdY.' zk}iv zffr kfzftf uOf
(ilbftD) smfyb jvshb. kfvf kf slsJ kf]sj dysb sItsh hQ k{[Bf{
njst dnulfq isV pfsh. dj mcbfdIjvf dnulf jvsk z[m rsh. (hc}
4919) spsrkc kfvf lcdbqfsk stfjialwGsbv ubA bfmfp iVk, kf kfslv
ixslw ifefv bAfq rst nmq kfvf diYb dlsj se isV pfsh. klbv
mcdmboB zffrifsjv zbcnvB jvsh (hc} 7439,mc} 183) hQ ictdnvfskv dlsj
zoanv rsh.

i
ct
it
c --ddnnvvffk
k
ict-dnvfk ufrffsmv iv fdik j snkc. pf yct sKsjW nc[, kvhfdv
zsi[fW Lfvfstf hQ didYt; uffk pfhfv kmnfY j iK. pfsk pc zfsY
dhdH j]fef W z]fjcdw. (hc} 7439, mc} 183) uffskv isK ict sjht mf
mcdmsbv ubA fdik rsh. kfslv zoaHfso bCsv ymdjk rsh. jfsvf zfstf sufvft
rsh zfhfv jfsvf dbHcdbHc . zk}iv kfvf sn ict zdkm jvsh. nhGiaKm
zfmfslv mrfbhD zdkm jvshb. k]fv iv zbAfbA zfdhqf W mcdmboB ifv
rshb. mcdmbslv sj dhlcAskv mk, sj UsVv mk, sj slZsV, sj yst, jfsvf
if diYst sost rfsk Lsv, rfk diYst sost icbvfq ifsq yst snkc zdkm
jvsh hQ njst uffk iashw jvsh. nm mskv msLA msk mcrfmfdlqf
iaKsm ifv rsh. (hc} 7439)
mcbfdIjslv nfsK sjfb bCv hf zfstf Kfjsh bf. kfvf mcdmbslv sswA htsh,
`skfmvf zfmfslv ubA jec Kfm, pfsk zfmvf skfmfslv djYc zfstf if.' htf
rsh, `skfmvf skfmfslv diYsb dIsv pfW hQ zfstf nfb jv.'
zk}iv Hsqv mfUfmfdU jde iafyDv fdik rsh, pfsk jde lvuf Kfjsh,
Wv zHAvHfso vrmk (zfdwn) hQ hdrHGfso Kfjsh zfpfh (wfd).
mcbfdIjvf mcdmbslv sFsj dufnf jvsh, `zfmvf dj skfmfslv ns dYtfm bf?'
kfvf htsh, `dYst skf, dj skfmvf dbsuvf dbsuslvsj dhiloa jsvY, skfmvf

kfWrDl

69

zfmfslv zmstv iakD[f jsvdYst hQ nslr sifNB jsvdYst. smfr

skfmfslv mxkAc jft ipG jcrjfY jsv svsJdYt. zffr nisjG mrfiakfvj
skfmfslvsj iakfdvk jsvdYt. zfu skfmfslv dbje rsk sjfb mcdiB oarB
jvf rsh bf hQ pfvf nkA iakAfJAfb jsvdYt kfslv dbje rskW bq. ufrffm
skfmfslv zfhfnt, de skfmfslv spfoA hfnfb, jk dbjx idvBfm. (jc}
57/13-15) klbv kfvf ufrffsm dbd[ rsh. (mc} 183,rf} 2/376, w}

kf} 470)

sofbfrofv kfWrDlhflD mcndtmoBW ifsiv idvmfB mckfshj djYc jfstv ubA

ifi[sqv sswA ufrffsm dbd[ rsh. zk}iv djYc ncifdvswv Ist, djYc
zffrv vrmsk hQ djYc niCBG wfdsHfso (msv pfWqfv iv mxknDhbD ifdbv
blDsk ycdhsq uDhb lfb jsv) icbvfq kfslvsj bkcb vi dlsq uffsk fb
slWqf rsh. pfslv zsv ndvNf idvmfBW mfb Kfjsh kfslvsj djYcjft isvW
uffsk fb slWqf rsh.
nx nmoa mfbh ufdkv iadk rfufsvv jde mf uffkhfnD hQ hfjD bq wk
dbvfbde ufrffmD rsh. uffkDslv zLGHfo msk mcrfmfdlqf rsh. zKy
msk mcrfmfdlqf nm mfbcsNv kctbfq jde wc htslv ysmGv jde mf jx
stfsmv mk. (hc} 6528)
zbA hBGbf zbcnfsv, jwk dhw jfkfv uffkDv zfdw jfkfv msk
mcrfmfdlqf rsh hQ ydw jfkfv rsh zbAfbA mk sKsj. (dk} 2546)
mcdmbslv zfsifsNv iadkswfL ictdnvfk ifv rWqfv iv uffk iashswv iChG
mCskG (uffk W ufrffsmv mfsU jff vfq) zflfq jvf rsh. (hc} 6535)

u
uffffk
k
uffk ivjfstv sn nil W snZlspG Hvf hfnfsbv bfm pf zffr kfzftf
kf]v mcdmb-mcfjD W sbjjfv hflfv ubA iChG sKsj nxd jsv svsJsYb. hflf
lcdbqfq sbj zfmt jsv hQ rfvfm W bfIvmfbD idvkAfo jsv zfsJvfsk
hfnfb tfH jvsh. (jc} 2/82, 3/133, 43/72, 19/63)
uffk mb snZlpGmq hfnfb pf sjfbdlb sjfb y[c lwGb jsvdb, pfv jKf
sjfb jBGW wahB jsvdb hQ jfsvf LfvBfqW zfsndb. `pk kcdm Hfhsk ifsvf,
kfv sysq sn zsbj zfsvf' snZlpG W waDsk Hvf. jfsvf jibf W sJqfst sn
snZlpG sjfb dlb zdk rqdb hQ rshW bf. (jc} 32/17,mc} 2824, hc} 7498)
kfv snZL mrt, snfbf-y]fdl, v-sotmfb, brv, hx[, ItmCt kAfdlW
jibfkDk. bfm j rstW lcdbqfv sjfb dudbsnv nfsK uffskv sjfb dudbsnv
sjfb dmt sb, sjfb kctbf sb. (jc} 2/25, k} jf} 1/62-63)
zfede uffk }- sIvlfn, zflXb, Jctl, bfqDm, mf'Wqf, lfvn nftfm, lfvt
mcjfmf hQ vfqfb. kfskW dhdH v zfsY. zfmt zbcpfqD njstv fb
dbLGfdvk rsh. uffskv iaLfb iashw fv zfede. dbdlG zfmt zbcifsk

kfWrDl

70

iaskAsj dbdlG lcqfsv iashw jvsh. (hc} 3257)

uffskv mfde ufIvfb. kfv dbbslsw yfvde brv iahfdrk. dbmGt ifdbv brv,
lcsv brv; pfv fl zidvhkGbDq, ncflc ncLfv brv hQ idvswfdLk mLcv brv.
(jc} 47/15) uffskv ifdb, lcL, wfvfh, mLc iaHdx k lcdbqfv mk bq. nh djYcv
fl dH hQ zidvhkGbDq, dhb rq bf, wfvfsh fb wCbA rq bf, sjfb
dwv}iDVfq Lsv bf. (jc} 56/19)
uffsk dhdH snZlpGJdyk drvmq mrt W j[, hkt dhdw nc-y iafnfl
zfsY. (jc} 39/20) ifwfifdw jde snfbfv W zivde y]fdlv ]e hQ mLAJfsb
nQspfuj dmnXj fvf dbdmGk. (dk} 2526, mc} zf} 2/305)
uffsk jde mcfdbdmGk kf]hc zfsY. pfv SlOGA Nfe mft. (mc} 2838) uffsk
vsqsY srtfb dlsq ishwsbv ubA svwsmv zfvdhdw icv Ivfw. (jc}
55/54) BGJdyk zfnb, (jc} 56/15) k mpGflf-ni wpAf vsqsY wqsbv
ubA hQ vsqsY nfdv nfdv ifLfb, dhYfbf, ofdtyf. (jc} 88/13-16)
snJfsb JflA W ifbDq idvshwb jvf rsh snfbfv Kftf W ifb-ifs. (jc}
43/71) svZiA dbdmGk Idesjv mk Y ifb-if. (jc}76/15)
shsrsv Jfhfv ipGf iYlmk It-mCt, dnk ifdJv mfQn. (jc} 56/20-

21)

snJfsb iaskAj It lc'-iajfv Kfjsh. (jc} 55/52) vjmfdv Istv hxs[ It

Ucst Kfjsh. (jc} 55/54) pf niCBvG si uffkDslv zfqfLDb jvf rsh. (jc}
69/23, 76/14) uffkDoB hsn hf wqb jsvW It kcst sJsk ifvsh. uffskv
nhGiaKm zfdkKA rsh jiajfv mfsYv jdtuf fvf. (hc} 3329, mc} 315) uffkDvf
Yfmk Jfsh W ifb jvsh; dj mtmC rsh bf. nh djYc rusm orDb rfWqf rsq
sTjcsvv nfsK zKhf jvDv mk ncomq Ofm rsq dboGk rsq pfsh. (mc} 2835)
uffskv lAfb Ob wfJf-ih dhdw hxs[ idviCBG. (jc} 56/48) snJfsb
Kfjsh jejrDb hlvDhx[, j]fdl jf]dl jtf W nianfdvk Yfqf. (jc 56/28-30)
uffsk mb j nchrx { hx[ zfsY pfv dbsy zfsvfrD jwk h{nv ytstW
kfv Yfqfv nmfd rsh bf. (hc} 6552, mc} 2827) uffskv ia zfjfwmtD W
ixdKhDv nmfb. (jc} 3/133) nhsysq dbbmfsbv uffkDsj ixdKhDv lwB
idvmfB fb slWqf rsh. (mc} 186)
uffsk kfv hfdnlfslvsj BGjb W mcf fvf ztxk jvf rsh hQ kfslv
sifwfj-idvYl rsh svwsmv. (jc} 22/23) kfslv hnb rsh nc[ nhcu svwm W
Ct svwm. kfvf ztxk rsh svZiA dbdmGk jsb. (jc} 76/21)
snJfsb uffkDslv ubA vsqsY idhf ndbD. (jc} 2/25) shsrD ikD, v hf
znvf. kf]slv nfsK uffkDslv dhhfr rsh. (jc} 44/54,52/20) (zkh
kfslvsj oG-shwAf hf oGDq hfvfbf htf shufq Hct). kfvf j fmDv ubA
dbdlG Kfjsh. kfvf lcydvf, jctef hf f bq.
iadk uffkD Dq zfmt zbcpfqD lc hf kskfdLj shsrD D ifsh. nikD
(nkDb)slv mfsU zfsifsNv sjfb NGf W jtr Kfjsh bf. (jc} 7/43,15/47)
ifdKGh Dv vi-ocB shsrD Dslv kctbfq zdLj rsh. voB kfslv ifdKGh

kfWrDl

71

nikDv dJlmk jvsh. zdhhfdrkf bfvD hQ pfv fmD slfpJhfnD rsh kfslv
Yfmk uffkD sjfb icvsNv nfsK dhhfr slWqf rsh. ixdKhDsk sp bfvDv
jfdLj hfv jfdLj icvsNv nfsK dhhfr rsqdYt kfvf njst uffsk sost
kfv iYlmk jub fmDv nfsK hfn jvsh. bsy{ swN fmDv D rsq Kfjsh.

(n}uf} 6691)

njt DoB nlf idhf Kfjsh. snJfsb kfslv sjfb iajfsvv nafh, mt, jI,
KcKc, kc kAfdl djYc Kfjsh bf. (hc} 3327, mc} 2835) fmD nrhfsnW
dyvjcmfvD hQ zb spZhbf Kfjsh. hDpGifk hf sjfb zidhkfW Kfjsh bf.
sj sjfbdlb oHGhkDW rsh bf. zhwA sjfb uffkDv wJ rst kfv Yfmk
[sBsj kfv D oHGhkD rsh hQ nfb ianh jvsh W hq}iaf rsh. (dk} 2563,

mc} 3/80 lf})

shsrD v. tf-bma, zfqkstfybf khDoB -ncvd[k dFsv mk t

soZvhBG. (jc} 37/48-49) sn zfqk bqbf kvbDoB -pfslvsj iCshG sjfb mfbcN
zKhf dub iwG jsvdb. iahft W ilvfo-nlxw njt kvBDslv Y jfy nlxw
slrjfd. (jc} 55/56,58) hfdrv rsk kfslv zd-mLAdk mf idvlx rsh. (mc}

2834)

nff wpAfndbD, pfslvsj zffrifj uffkDdlsov ubA dhsNwvsi nxd

jsvsYb. kfvf dyvjcmfvD, snfrfdobD W nmhqf. (jc} 56/34-37) hQ dspZhbf kvBD. (jc} 77/33) sn shsrXhfdnbD, vsiv Ffdt, Utmst tfhBAmqD,
nchfdnbD sjfb kvBD pdl ixdKhDv kmnfY zfjfsw ]dj mfsv, kfrst kfv
vifstfsj W snZvsH nfvf uo{ zfstfdjk W ncvdHk rsq Esh. zb spZhbf mb ncvmfv sjhtmf wDNGdk vDq Jfdb ixdKhD W kmLAdk nh djYc rsk
m W mCtAhfb. (hc} 6568)
uffkD uDhb j dyvfqD dhtfnvfuA. spJfsb sjfb lc}J-lclwG f sb. (20) sjfb
lcdyf, sjn W jfdv iwG sb. (jc} 44/56) dyvncJ W zfbslfisHfsov fb
uffk. snJfsb zfv mxkcA sb. snJfsb dbfW sb. (dn}n} 1087) n{jsmGv
icvfv vi mcdmb kfv ndbDslv nfsK kKfq YfncsJ zIcv mrfbsl
zbjft hfn jvsh.
uffkDslv slr rsh zfdl dikf rpvk zflm
-v nmkctA Nfe rfk lDOG.
(hc} 3326, mc} 2841) swfHbDq stfm YfVf slsr zbAfbA ziasqfubDq stfm hQ
wwa Kfjsh bf. y[c rsh ncmfG hvb. hqn rsh dw zKhf skdw. (dk} 2545)
zbjft Lsv kfvf hqn dbsq dyv nclv pchj rsq Kfjsh. (mc} 2836) snJfsb
spZb-dmtsb zdLj kxdtfH jvsh. iaskAj uffkDsj jw ub icvsNv nmfb
spZb-wd W nm [mkf ialfb jvf rsh. (dk} 2536)
spsrkc ifb-sHfub, hnbHCNB, hfnHhb hQ bfvD-nQnoG W spZb-nsHfo
kAfdlsk mfbcsNv iajdx kok ncJ W ivm zfbl, kf kfslvsj kfslv iajdx k
mk zHD iadklfb slWqf rsh.
() zhwA sbj zfmt kAfo jvfv ubA zsbsjv idvkfi rsh.

kfWrDl

72

snJfsb sjfb jmGhAkf djQhf sjfb iftbDq hflk-hsloD Kfjsh bf.

hfndqfv bAfq nlf knhDr (nchrfbffr) W krmDl (zftrfmlcdtfr) kfslv
mcJ sKsj k}ICkG rsh. kfslv ivisvv zdHhflb rsh nftfm zfv nftfm.
wfdhfjA YfVf kfvf sjfb znsfNubj hf znfv hfjA wcbsh bf. (jc} 10/10,

56/14-26, dm} 5620)

ncvd[k mcf nlxw dyv djswfv (sotmfb)vf BGdbdGmk

G ifb if jcu
] f W ianha B
db}nxk ncvfiCBG siqftf hQ dhdH JflA nfmoaDv if dbsq uffkDslv snhfq nlf
dbsqfduk Kfjsh. (jc} 56/17. 43/71, 76/19, 52/24)
uffkDoB skf mdbsk swfHf snZlpG W snZvsHv vfuf. kf nsW pJb kfvf
uffskv hfufsv iadk wchfv dhrfsv (msB) pfsh, kJb j iajfv nchfdnk
vD hfkfn ytsh. pfsk kfslv mcJmt W sifwfjfdl ncvdHk rsq Esh hQ
kfslv zdLj snZlpG W waDhxd rsh. zk}iv kfvf pJb - hfnfsb Dslv
jfsY dIsv zfnsh kJb slJsh kfslvW zdLj vi W tfhBA hxd rsqsY. (mc}

2833)

smfe jKf, mcdmb hflfslv ubA uffk zffrv kvI sKsj j zmCtA irfv
W spfoA iadklfb. kfslv jsmGv It. snJfbjfv nh djYc sHfo-dhtfn W
zkct ncJ-nsHfsov ijvB. snJfsb vsqsY mb pf yfq hQ bqb pfsk kx rq
nm djYc. snJfsb jfsvf sjfb hv iv zfwf, zfjf[f, hf zdHiafq ziCBG
Kfjsh bf. (jc} 43/71, 76/20, 41/31, hc} 7519, dm} 5648)
dj nm nil zsi[fW j hxrv nil vsqsY shsrDslv ubA; mrfb
iadkiftj vct ppfk zt-uftfstv syrfvf jvDm lwGsbv kxd W
snZHfoAtfH. uffsk iashswv iv zffr ifj uffkDslv sswA htshb,
zfsvf zdLj (m nil) mb djYc yfW, pf zfdm skfmfslv ialfb jvh.
kfvf htsh, `zfidb zfmfslv mcsJft jsvsYb, zfmfslvsj ufrffm sKsj
idvfB dlsq uffsk iadh jsvsYb (v sysq zfhfv m dj yf iaHc?)'
kAhnsv (LdG lsj) suAfdkv phdbjf smfdyk rsh. kJb uffkDvf njst
zffrv syrfvfv iadk (dbdbGsmN) lxdifk jvsh. (kfsk kfslv dbje zbAfbA nh
djYc zhsrdtk rsh) hQ sn lwGb ncJ rsh uffkDslv nshGf{jx msbfbDk
nil. (jc} 50/35,75/22-23, 10/26, mc} zf} 4/332) zfv j m nil sp,
zffr ifj kfslv iv dyv n rshb. sjfb jfst zfv zn rshb bf. (mc}

2829)

snKfq wfdv nmfsu wfdv hfn. dIdvfoB uffsk uffkDslv nfsK nf[fk W
nQtfi jvsk zfnshb. htshb, skfmvf j hvB jsvY hst skfmfslv iadk
wfd. idvBfm jk Hfstf! (jc} 13/23-24)
uffskv zdLjfQw zdLhfnD rsh lcht
G W ldvla swaBDv mfbcN. (mc} 2846)
zffr zfmfslvsj zfmfslv dikf-mfkf, zfkDq-ub W WfpoBsj sn
zbfdht wfdvfsuAv zdLhfnD jvb. zfmDb.

kfWrDl

73

u
uffr
rffffmm
ufrffm ivjfstv j dbjxkm hfnfb. pf zffrifj LmGslafrD, nkAiakAfJAfbjfvD. zdhhfnD, jfsIv, mcwdvj, mcbfdIj hQ ifiDslv ubA nxd jsv
svsJsYb. spJfsb kfvf - jxkjsmGv wfdmCtj iadkIt sHfo jvsh.
ufrffm ixdKhDv nm svv bDsy zhdk. djqfmskv dlb kf idk jvf
rsh. (jc} 89/23) sndlb kfv nv rfufv tfofm rsh hQ iadk tfofsm nv
rfufv dIdvf LfvB jsv zfjNGB iChj
G zfbqb jvshb. (mc} 2842)
slfpsJ nfkde dhHfo } ufrffm, ufrDm, nfqDv, nfjfv, rckfmfr, rfdhqfr W
tfpf. nfLfvBHfsh nhocdtsj ufrffm htf rq.
slfpsJv oHDvkf nv hYsvv iK. (mc} 28 44) ufrffm W kfv nhdjYc
jxfjfv,
ufrffmhfnDvfW hDH{n jxjfq. Wslv mcJmt spb zjfv dbwDsKv
zfvsB zfYfdlk. (jc} 10/27)
ufrffsmv zdo ifdKGh zdo sKsj niCBG dH. kfv lfdrjf wd W kf
zdov sysq nv ocB shwD. (hc} 3265, mc} 2843)
iaud tk zdoj
c ! dj Hqv kfv stdtrfb dwJf. pJb kf ddmk rsh, kJb
zdLj zdo hxd jvf rsh. (jc} 17/97) lCv rsk pfv HDNB cdbbfl W Hqft
ouGb swfbf pfsh. (jc} 25/12) sp uftfmq kfwsbv b rsh (jfsIv) mfbcN,
(hfvl ufkDq) iav , hfdkt mf'hcl (p]fvf kfslv Yf W Jhv YfVf iCduk rb
k]fvf hAkDk) (jc} 21/98) hQ jfsIv dub. (jc} 72/15)
pfv dbqB-Hfv zdikG zfsY dbmGm rlq, jsEfv Hfh dIdvfosBv iv. (jc}

2/24, 66/6)

ifdKGh uDhsb jfsIvvf nfLfvBk} wDkt hfqc, Yfqf hQ wDkt ifbDq fvf
dhtfdnkfq mo rsq icbvfb hf ivjftsj zdhhfn jsv zbmbDqHfsh sOfvkv
ifsi dt Kfsj. kf sndlb kfv iadkIt vi ufrffm rsk snhb jvshzkcA hfqc, ifb jvsh ifdb hQ zhfb jvsh (ufrffsmv) jxhBG LCsmav
Yfqfq. (jc} 56/42-47)
ufrffmDslv JflA }
1. pBflfqj pfcm hx[ } hx[ ufrffsmv ktslsw lXok rq. v ocY
wqkfsbv mfKfv mk. nDmftObjfvDvf kf H[B jsv lviCBG jvsh hQ (js
zfesj sost) kfv ns Ice ifdb kxfkG ]sev bAfq ifb jvsh. de rsh
ufrffmDslv zfiAfqb. (jc} 37/62-67, 56/52-56) pfcm lsv dosq Ice
ifdb W odtk kfsmav mk Icesk Kfjsh. zfhfv kfv isvW kfslv msj Ice
ifdb Tftf rsh. (jc} 44/43-48) pfcsmv nfmfbA idvmfB pdl ufrffm rsk
ixdKhDsk zfsn ksh ixdKhDv JflA W ifbDq kfv dhNfkfq dhb rsq pfsh. (dk}

2585)

2. pfvD' } j iajfv jejmq dhNf ocm. pf ufrffmDvf H[B jvsh. pfsk

kfWrDl

74

kfvf icW rsh bf hQ kfslv [cLfW dbhx rsh bf. (jc} 88/6-7)
3. otfq zfesj pfq mb JflA. (jc} 73/13)
4. dontDb } ufrffmDslv [kdb}nxk nafh. (jc} 69/36)
ufrffmDslv ifbDq }
1. rfmDm } zkcA Ice ifdb. (jc} 56/54-93) pf ifb jvst ufrffmDslv
bfdVHcd] V dYdhdY rsq pfsh. (jc} 47/15)
2. ofnXnfj } zdkwq lcoGmq dk zKhf dbvdkwq wDkt ifbDq. (jc} 38/57,

78/25)

3. nflDl } ufrffmDslv iybwDt [k-dboGk icu

] -v hf Ofm; pf kfslvsj ifb
jvsk slWqf rsh. kfvf zdk js otL}jvB jvsh hQ kf otL}jvB jvf iafq
znHh rsq iVsh. (kJb) nh dlj sKsj kfslv dbje mxkcApBf zfnsh, dj
mxkAc kfslv Oesh bf. zfv kfvf jsEfv wfd sHfo jvsk Kfjsh. (jc} 14/16-17)
4. odtk Lfkc zKhf Sktdjsv bAfq jxhBG, ofP W lcoGmq ifbDq } pJb
ufrffmDvf ifdb yfsh kJb ifbDq kfslvsj ifb jvsk slWqf rsh. pf
Wslv mcJmt l jvsh. dj HDNB sn ifbDq, zfv dj dbjx kfslv zdomq
zfvfsmv fb! (jc} 18/29)
ufrffmDslv sifNfj rsh zftjfkvf, (jc} 14/50) stfrf hQ zfocsbv.
kfslv mfKfv iv Ice ifdb Tftf rsh, pfsk Wslv yfmVf hQ Wslv lsv pf
zfsY kf ost pfsh. zfv Wslv ubA Kfjsh stZr-mclov hf nf]Vfdw. pJb Wvf
pBfjfkv rsq ufrffm rsk shv rsk yfsh, kJb kfslvsj zfhfv WJfsb
dIdvsq dlsq htf rsh, `zffl jv lrb pBf!' (jc} 22/19-22)
ufrffmDslv ubA iak vsqsY }
wxJt. (jc} 76/4) pfv SlOGA nv rfk. (jc} 69/32) hQ Wslv otslsw
shdV ivfsbf rsh. (jc} 34/33) zfv Wslv ubA iak
vfJf rsqsY ilshdVW.

(jc} 73/12)

zdLj W dyvfqD wfd zfflb jvfhfv ubA pJb zdolfsr kfslv ymG l
rsh, kJb Wv st bCkb ymG nxd jvf rsh. (jc} 4/56)
skmdb kfslv slsrv Ctkf zkA hxd jvf rsh. jub jfsIsvv lc sv
mLAhkDG zQw lakofmD zfsvfrDv dkb dlsbv iK-nm lDOG rsh! jde l]fk l
ihGknm hQ kfv ysmGv Ctkf rsh dkbdlsbv iK! (mc} 2851, 2852) zKhf
dhqfdw rfk. zfv ufrffsm kfv zhfb s[ rsh mf W mdlbfv mLAhkDG fb
hvfhv. (zKGf{ 425 djdm}.) (dk} 2577, mc} zf} 2/26) nh dhdy rstW
zffrv jfsY zhfhkfv djYc sb.
zdov shbD ufrffmDslvsj idvshb jsv vfJsh. (jc} 18/29) zdols
Wslv mcJmt hDH{n rsq pfsh. (jc} 23/104)
ufrffsm ]sev mk hxrlfjfv mb niG zfsY, pdl kf jhfv jfsj lQwb
jsv ksh ydw hYv kfv dhNf pBf dhlAmfb Kfjsh. Jysvv mk mb hV hV
dhYf zfsY pfv lQwb uftf ydw hYv hkGmfb Kfjsh. (mc} zf} 4/191)
slfpsJ jfsIvslvsj ef jsv mcsJv iv Hv dlsq efbf rsh. (jc} 54/48)

kfWrDl

75

pfvf sjfb z fvf zfkrkAf jsv, ufrffsm sn sn z dbsq dyvdlb dbsusj

zfOfk jvsk Kfjsh. sp dhNifb jsv dbsuv uDhbbfw jsv, ufrffsm sn sn
dhN dyvdlb ifb jvsk Kfjsh. sp ifrfsVv iv sKsj U]fi dlsq isV zfkrkAf
jsv, sn ufrffsm dyvdlb Hfsh iVsk Kfjsh. (hc} 5778, mc} 109)
sj sj dbsuv bfdVHcdV sY]yXsV sesb dbsq shVfsh. sjfb sjfb jfsIvsj
ril wxJdtk zhfq ufrffsmv sjfb nQjDBG fsb dbs[i jvf rsh. kJb
kfvf snJfsb dbsuslv LQn jfmbf jvsh. kJb Wslv htf rsh, `zfu skfmvf
jhfsvv ubA LQn jfmbf jsvf bf, hvQ hhfv LQn rWqfv jfmbf jvsk Kfj.'

(jc} 25/13-14)

ufrffsm zsbsjv kfv ifsqv o]fe ipG, jfsvf r]fec ipG, jfsvf sjfmv ipG
hQ jfsvf otf ipG zdol rsh. (mc} 2845)
ufrffsmv nhsysq sYfe zfpfh }
ufrffmDsj zfocsbv SkvD jsufVf uckf ivfsbf rsh, pfv kfsi mfKfv mou
eoho jsv Icesk Kfjsh. zfpfh bhD -v dikxhA zfhc kfsthsj slWqf
rsh. (mc} 212, dm} 5667)
zfpfshv jdEbkfq ufrffmDvf HDNB yD{jfv W zfkGbfl jvsk Kfjsh. (jc}
11/106) dj Wvf skf fqDHfsh ufrffsm wfd sHfo jvsh. Wslv wfd tfOh
jvf rsh bf hQ Wvf wfd sHfo jvsk jvsk rkfw rsq iVsh. (jc} 43/7475) Wslv mxkAc vW zfslw slWqf rsh bf, sp Wvf mvsh. Wvf zfkGbfl jsv
htsh, `sr zfmfslv iadkiftj! zfmfslvsj dbjdx k lfW, zfmvf n{jfu jvh.
iCshG pf jvkfm kf zfv jvh bf.' zffr htshb, `zfdm dj skfmfslvsj k lDOG
uDhb lfb jdvdb sp, kJb sj nkjG rsk yfst nkjG rsk ifvk? skfmfslv
dbjse skf nkjGjfvDW sndYt. nckvfQ wfd zfflb jv; pfstmslv ubA sjfb
nfrfpAjfvD sb. (jc} 35/36-37) Wvf zfsvf htsh, `sr zfmfslv
iadkiftj! lcHfG oA zfmfslvsj dOsv dYt hQ zfmvf iK rsqdYtfm. sr
zfmfslv iadkiftj! zdo rsk zfmfslvsj fv jv, zk}iv zfmvf pdl
icbvfq jcIvD (zdhhfn) jdv, ksh skf zfmvf zhwA nDmf tQObjfvD (pfstm)
rh.' zffr htshb, `skfvf rDb zhfq Jfsb Kfj hQ zfmfv ns sjfb jKf
hdtn bf. zfmfv hflfslv msLA jlt dYt pfvf htk, sr zfmfslv iadkiftj,
zfmvf mfb sbdY (dhhfn fib jsvdY) kcdm zfmfslv [mf jv W lqf jv,
kcdm nhGswa lqftc. dj kfslvsj (mcdmb ltsj) dbsq skfmvf irfn (hAdhlai) jvsk k dhsHfv dYst sp, kf skfmfslvsj zfmfv jKf Hcdtsq dlsqdYt.
skfmvf skf kfslv (LmGifa B mcndtmslv)sj dbsq rfdn Eff jvsk. zfdm zfu
kfslv SLspGv jfvsB kfslvsj mbHfsh icvxk jvtfm sp, kfvf rt
nItjfm. (jc} 23/106-110)
Wvf znrA pBfq mxkcA jfmbf jvsh hQ yD{jfv jsv htsh, sr mfstj
(slfpsJv zdLjkGf)! skfmfv iadkiftj zfmfslvsj db}swN jsv dlb.' sn htsh,
`skfmvf skf Hfsh zhfb jvsh.' zffr htshb, `zfdm skf skfmfslv dbje

kfWrDl

76

nkA si]ZYfsq dYtfm, dj skfmfslv zdLjfQw skf nkA dhmcJ dYt. (jc} 43/77-

78)

ufrffmDvf sj]sl k zwa Uvfsh sp, kfsk blD iahfdrk rsh hQ kfv iv
sbZjf ytfW nHh rsh. kfvf vsv zwaW Uvfsh. (nuf} 2032bQ)
sofbfrofv kfWrDlhflD mcndtmoB dbu dbu sofbfsrv idvmfB zbcpfqD djYcjft
ufrffsm wfd sHfo jvsh. zk}iv zffrv vrmsk, hQ wfIfzfkjfvDv
wfIfzfsk kfWrDslv ocsB ufrffm sKsj zhAfrdk sisq uffkhfnD rsh. dj
ufrffsmv lfo sKsj pfsh kfslv slsr.
slfpsJv zdLjfQw zdLhfnD rsh bfvD. (hc} 6546, mc} 79)
ufrffsm zdLjfQw mfbh-lfbh dbd[ rWqfv iv kfsj dufnf jvf rsh.
kcdm dj iCBG rsq soY? ufrffm htsh, `zfvW zfsY dj?' (jc} 50/30) kJb
zffr ifj dbsuv jlm (if) slfpsJ vfJshb. kJb nQjcdyk rsq sn htsh,
`hAnX, hAnX.' (hc} 7384, mc} 2848)

mmk
xk
xk
x Ac Ac vv mmk
x Ac Ac
ufrffmDoB ufrffsm hQ uffkDoB uffsk pJb fqD rsq pfsh kJb
mxkAc sj j smsNv vsi uffk W ufrffsmv mLAhkDG fsb idk jsv njstv
nmcsJ rkAf jvf rsh. j zfrhfbjfvD Ffj dlsq htsh, `sr uffkDoB! dyvDh
vr, dyvncsJ vr; viv zfv sjfb mxkcA sb. zfv sr ufrffmDoB! dyvDh vr,
dyvlc}sJ vr; viv zfv sjfb mxkcA sb.'
kf wcsb uffkhfnDslv zfblnfosv zdLj Yfn hdLGk rsh hQ ufrffmDslv
dhNfl-dnc zdLj kvdk rsh. (hc} 6544, mc} 2849)
sn dlb skf zdhhfnD, LmGslafrD, bfdj, dhhfnOfkj, zQwDhflD hQ jie
shmfbslv ubA dyv idvkfi, zfIswfN, rf-kfw, mbfi, zbckfi, sJl,
dhtfi W dbvdkwq zfs[siv dlb.

zf'vfI
zf'vfI uffk W ufrffsmv mLAhkDG j ufqofv bfm. mb jkj mfbcN
pfslv sbjD-hlD nmfb rst fsb djYcdlsbv ubA zhfb jvsh hQ isv
zffrv vrmsk kfvf uffsk iashw jvsh. sn ufqof sKsj uffkhfnD W
ufrffmhfnDslv zhf zhstfjb jvf pfsh.
zf'vfIhfnDslv djYc stfj pJb uffskv dlsj kfjfsh kJb (djYc)
uffkhfnDslvsj dbdlG t[B fvf dybsk ifvsh hQ kfslvsj nsfLb jsv
nftfm ufbfsh. zfv kfslv zsv Kfjsh shsrs iashw jvfv iaht zfwf.
zfhfv pJb kfslv lxd slfpJhfnDslv iadk dIdvsq slWqf rsh (hQ slfpsJv

kfWrDl

77

HqQjv lxwA W kfv zdLhfnDslv Hqfbj zhf slJsh), kJb kfvf htsh, `sr
zfmfslv iadkiftj! zfmfslvsj ifiDslv nD jsvf bf.'
zk}iv kfvf ufrffmhfnDslv msLA djYc stfjsj kfslv dbdlG t[B fvf
dybsk ifvsh (hQ lcdbqfsk pfvf iaHfh-iadkid W dhHhwftD hQ lthtwftD
dYt kfslvsj jf jf db}n W db}nrfq zhfq wfd sHfo jvsk slsJ)
kfslvsj nsfLb jsv htsh, `skfmfslv (ifdKGh) lt (pfv fvf skfmvf ixdKhDsk
iakfi, iaHfh W dhHhwftD dYst) hQ (nkA W kfv zbcnfvDslv iadk) zrQjfv
(Jfsb) jfsvf sjfb jfsu zfnt bf.'
zk}iv djYc uffkhfnD pfvf lcdbqfq [DBht ldvla mcdmb dYt -pfslv dbsq
ufrffmDvf irfn W rfdn-Eff jvk- kfslv iadk dk jsv zf'vfIhfnDvf
icbvfq Wslvsj htsh, `slJ slv ns dj skfmvf (zrQjfsv) wiK jsv
htsk sp, `zffr slv iadk sjfb lqf ialwGb jvshb bf? (dj kfslv ubA
skf htf rsqsY,) `skfmvf uffsk iashw jv, skfmfslv sjfb (HfhD dhislv)
zfwf sb hQ (dhok sjfb zfisl) skfmvf lc}dJk rsh bf. (jc} 7/46-49)

shsrD W slfpJDslv zfsifsN jsKfijKb

lcdbqfsk mcdmboB jfsIvslv jfsY h jlfqj jKf wcsb Kfsj. irfn, hA
hQ dhdH jecjKfq zsbj nmq v bf dlsq bDvsh nrA jsv Kfsj. dj
jfsIvvf kfsk hV zfbl ifq.
iaskAjsj v iadkIt dlhfv ubA hQ mcdmbslv msbv s[fH dmefhfv ubA
ivjfst zffr kfzftf kfslv zfsifsNv msLA zftfisbv ncspfo jsv dlshb.
kfvf sj zivsj slJsk ifsh hQ zfsifsNv jKfW wcbsk ifsh.
shsrDoB slfpJDslvsj nsfLb jsv htsh, `zfmfslv iadkiftj zfmfslv
mfb W n{jfspGv iv) sp iadkwadk dlsqdYstb zfmvf kf nkA sisqdY (uffk
sisqdY) skfmfslv iadkiftj skfmfslv (jcIvD W zLsmGv iv) sp iadkwadk
dlsqdYstb kf nkA sisqY dj?' Wvf htsh, `r]Af.'
zk}iv uSbj sOfNBfjfvD kfslv dbje sOfNBf jvsh, ifdislv iv zffrv
zdHnifk. pfvf zffrv isK hfLf nxd jsvdYt hQ kfsk hkf (W slfNde) zshNB jsvdYt hQ kfvf dYt ivjfst zdhhfnD. (jc} 7/44/-45)
jkj uffkhfnD jkj ufrffm (nfjfv)hfnDsj dufnf jvsh, `skfmfslvsj
djsn nfjfsv dbs[i jsvsY?' Wvf sv htsh, `zfmvf bfmfp iVkfm bf,
zHfhoas j zfrfpG lfb jvkfm bf, pfvf zbAfq zfstfybf jvk zfmvf kfslv
zfstfybfq spfo dlkfm hQ zfmvf () jmGIt dlhnsj zDjfv jsvdY. (jc}

74/40-47)

ufrffmhfnDvf uffkhfnDslvsj nsfLb jsv htsh, `zfmfslv iv djYc ifdb

sTst lfW, zKhf zffr uDdhjfvsi skfmfslvsj pf lfb jsvsYb kf rsk

kfWrDl

78

zfmfslvsj djYc lfW.' uffkDvf sv htsh, `zffr lcdesj zdhhfnDslv

(jfsIvslv) ubA rfvfm (dbdN) jsvsYb. pfvf kfslv LmGsj DVf-sjZkcjvsi
oarB jsvdYt hQ ifdKGh uDhb pfslvsj iakfdvk jsvdYt. (jc} 7/50-51)
(jft lcdbqfsk) ifdi lcjk
x jfvDvf dhhfnD (mcdmbslv) mufj Vfskf, (kfslv
-sj dbsq hA rfnk hQ irfn jvk) hQ pJb kfslv dbje dlsq spk, kJb
hlxdsk syfJ-wfvf jvk. Wvf pJb Wslv zfibusbv dbje dIsv spk, kJb
hV {Ic rsq dIvk. (msb msb zfbdlk rsq Hfhk, Wvf n{ isKv idKj)
hQ pJb Wslv (mcdmbslv)sj slJk kJb htk, `Wvf skf iK.' (zKy)
Wslvsj skf kfslv kfhLfqj jsv ifEfsbf rqdb. (dj ivjfst) zfu
mcdmboB jfsIvslv mufj Vfsh (hQ irfn jvsh) ncndk zfnb rsk
Wslv zhstfjb jsv. jfsIvvf Wslv jxkjsmGv iadkIt sit skf? (jc} 83/29-

36)

k
kj
jllDDvv hhff ddhhLLffk
kffvv ddhhLLffbb
mcndtm kjlDv W HfoAsj dhhfn jsv. sp HfoA zffr kfzftf dhh nxdv 50
rfufv hYv iCshG dtsJ svsJsYb. (mc} 2653)
mcndtm dhhfn jsv sp, dhhyvfysv pf djYc OesY kf dkdb iChG rsk ufsbb
hQ nhdjYc kf]v drjmk W YfbcpfqD OesY. mb dj mfbcsNv YfLDb jmGW
kf]v Yf dhbf Oef nHh bq. dkdb pfv HfsoA pf dtsJsYb kf bAfq nk. dkdb
jfsvf iv pctcm jsvb bf. HfoAdtdi kf]v drjmsk Hvicv. zkh dkdb pf
sysqsYb kf rsqsY, pf yfbdb kf rqdb. pf yfshb kf rsh. pf yfshb bf kf
sjfbdlb rsh bf. kf]v Yf W nfrfpA hAkDk sp sjfbW jmGwd dbdq. (jc}

65/3,54/49,76/30, 81/29)

kjlDsvv iadk mfb zfbfv lcde ipGfq }

iaKmk} dhhfn sp, zffr uff wfbcr kf]v zfpftD tXm fvf njt nxdv
zhf nisjG dhdlk dYstb. kfvf dj jvsh W bf jvsh, kfslv ifi-iCBA, vuD
W mxkAc v dhdH zhf hQ zbAfbA nhdjYc dhNq nisjGg nmAjX idvfk dYstb.
zk}iv dkdb nfvf nxdv HfoAdhLfb `tWsr mfrIcsp' dtdih jvstb. nhGiaKm
j jtm nxd jsv kfsj djqfmk ipG pf Oesh kf dtJfv zfslw dlstb.
dhLfkfv dhLfb SkvD rt. zkh sn dhLfb msk pf Oefv kf dbHct
G Hfsh Oesh
hQ pf Oefv bq kf HcstW Oesh bf. jtm wcdjsq sosY hQ Jfkf ocdesq sbWqf
rsqsY. (hc} 6596, mc} zf} 1/293) ixdKhDsk zKhf hAdokHfsh mfbcsNv iv
sp dhipGq zfsn kf nQOdek rhfv iCshG (tWsr mfrIcsp) dtdih Kfsj. (jc}

kfWrDl

79

57/22) zffrv zfknfsv sjfb bfvD oHGLfvB jsv bf. zKhf nfbW ianh
jsv bf. jfsvf ivmfqc hxd rst zKhf rafn sist kf nQvd[k Itj (tWsr
mfrIcp) zbcnfsv rq. (jc} 35/11) (21)
dkdb zfjfw ixdKhDv nhdjYc zhok. nh j oas dtdih zfsY. zffrv
dbje nru. (jc} 22/70) ust-st pf djYc zfsY dkdb zhok. k]fv zfk
nfsv ofsYv jde ifkfW isV bf, mxdjfv zjfsv mb sjfb wnAjBfW
zcdvk rq bf zKhf vnpc djQhf wcj mb sjfb h sb pf nci djkfsh
(tWsr mfrIcsp) sb. (jc} 6/59)
zffr kfzftfv HfoAdtJb kf]v fsbv zbcnfvD. HfoAdtdi iaKsm nQd[ W
isv dhfdvk Hfsh dtJf rsq Kfsj. iaKsm tWsr mfrIcsp dkdb pf Yf dtsJsYb.
icbvfq mfkxosHG sB zfkflfsbv iCshG dIdvf ifEfb. kJb mfbcsNv vuD, kfv
mxkAc v nmq W fb, kfv jmGuDhb, lcHfGoA hf snZHfoA (ttfse) dtdih jvf
rq.(22)
Hfsh zfhfv iadk hYv vmpfb mfsn `tfqtfkct jflv' hf wshjlsv dhfdvk
HfoA dtdih jvf rq hQ iaskAj ocvkiCBG dhNq dvDjxk rq. (jc} 44/4, hc}
6594, mc} 2643)

HfsoAv iv mfb zfbfv dkDq ipGfq } sp, kf]v Yf zhwAHfhD hQ

[mkf nhGhAfiD. zKGf{ dhhfn jvf sp, dkdb pf djYc sysqsYb kf rsqsY, pf yfbdb
kf rqdb, hQ HCmst W bH}mst sjfb w zKhf il-dbil W ytdbystv dqf kf]v Yfv hfsv bq. k]fv Yf hAdksvsj kf]v vfsuA djYc Ose
bf. dkdb hkGmfb zhkGmfb njt dhNsqv iv nhGwdmfb. dkdb zfnmfb W
umDsbv njt Hfstf-ml, -zdbjv hv nxdjkGf hQ iadkiftj. (23)
klnsW dkdb hQ kf]v vnCstv zfbcokA jvfv zfslw dlsqsYb hQ
zhfLAkf jvsk dbsNL jsvsYb.
dkdb sbjjfv n{jmGwDt, isvfijfvD hQ bAfq iadkfjfvDslvsj Hfstfhfsnb.
pfvf mfb sb Hfstf jfu jsv kfslvsj iYl jsvb. jfsIvslvsj Hfstf
hfsnb bf. Ifsnj W ififyfvDslvsj iYl jsvb bf. zwDt W ml jfu kf]v
ziYl. ml jfsu zfslwW slb bf. hflfv jcIvD kf]v dbje zdiaq. Ifnfl,
dhwxJtkf, zwfd hQ nfnsjW dkdb iYl jsvb bf. (jc} 7/28-29)
zffr ifj mlsj nxd jsvsYb. dj k]fv jsmG W HfoAdtJsb sjfb ml sb.
spsrkc ml nxdv lxdsk ml rstW k]fv nxusb kf sjfb ml bq. jfvB, kf dkdb
sjfb drjmsk nxd jsv Kfsjb. kf sjfb ml W sbfQvf jfsuv nijG k]fv nfsK
sufVf pfq bf. zkh jKf sj htsk ifsv bf sp, dkdb ycdv jvfb hf hAdHyfv
jvfb- bfpc dhfsr dmb pfdtj. (mf} pf} 10/377, dn} nf} 85)
() zfjdmj hf zimxkAc W zfkrkAfq mxskv mvsBv nmq lcde bq, jde. pf zffrv Yf W

dbqskv odkv zbcnfvD.

() mfbcN dbsuv HfoA dbsu dtsJ um sbq bf.
() zkh zffr njstv HfoAdhLfkf, wcLc k]fv hlbf jvf dyk.

kfWrDl

80

dkdb hflfv ubA pf djYc jsvb nh Hfstf. mbdj hflf pfsj ml msb jsv
kfW kfv sjfb Hfstfv ubA. (mc} 2999, mc} zf} 6/15) mfbcsNv ncJ-fYlA
W dhil-zfil nh zffrv kvI sKsj. (jc} 4/78) dj dhil zfsn mfbcsNv
jxkjsmGv Ist, zfib sjfb slfsN. (jc} 4/79)
iajk
x is[ jsmGv jkGf hflf. zffr kfslv jsmGv nxdjkGf. (jc} jc} 37/96)
hflf mcdmb, jfsIv, sbjjfv, hljfv, bfmfp iadkfjfvD hQ svfpfhak iftbjfvD rq. hflfv dbu jmG-[mkf hQ Jdkqfv zfsY. (jc} 81-28) zffr
kfslv W kfslv jsmGv hQ kfslv [mkf W Jdkqfsvv nxdjkGf.
dkdb hflfsj fb, wahB W lxdwd hQ mb ijvB dlsqsYb pfv fvf sn
dbsuv mt W nItkf dbhGfyb hQ zmt W znItkfsj huGb jvsk ifsv.
Hfstf-ml, ncIt-jcIt, n{-zn{ kAfdlv ifKGjA jsv dybsk ifsv. kf
zffr hflfsj Hfstf jfsuv zfslw dlsq kfv iv icvfv W sbj hltf
ialfsbv zDjfv jsvsYb hQ ml jfu sKsj dhvk Kfjfv zfslw pf jsv kf
dbsuv Yf, Jdkqfv W jmG[mkfq jsv Kfsj, zffr kfsj sjfb jfsuv iv
hfLA, muhcv hf dbvifq jsvb bf. ksh pf djYc kfv Jdkqfsv jsv kf kfv
dbqdk, pf iCshG dtdiHc rsqsY. hQ sn Jdkqfv zffrv Yfv zbcnfvD.
hflf sjfb ifKv, mCdkG hf ickcstv mk bq sp, kfsj spmb vfJf rq skmdb Kfsj
zKhf spmb bfyfsbf rq skmdb sn (dbu Jdkqfv YfVf) bfsy. sn sjfb
jstv ofdVv mk bq sp, yftj spdlsj yftfq sndlsj sn yst. hvQ sn ickct
bfyfsb-WqftfW. zffr ickct (hflf), kfv bfy (jmG) hQ kfv bfyfv hf bfyfhfv
Jdkqfv W wdv nxdjkGf. djHfsh bfysk hf bfyfsk rsh kfW dkdb
dwdJsqsYb. skmdb hflf jstv ofdV hQ kfv yftjW. zffr ofdVv nxdjkGf W
mfdtj. djHfsh ofdV yftfsk rsh, sjfb svfsF yftfsk rsh kfW dkdb dwdJsqsYb.
hflf dbsuv Jdkqfsv zbAHfsh bfysk ifsv, zbA sp sjfb svfsF ofdV spmb
Hfsh Yf yftfsk ifsv, ksh kfv sn Jdkqfv W Yf rsh k]fv Yfv zbcnfvD W
zLDb. kf]v drjmk, pcd hQ tXm zbcpfqD hQ Hfsh pfv zlxs pf rhfv
rsh kf kfv ubA zdk nur rsq rsq Kfjsh. (mc} 2647)
dufnf sp, dkdb mfbcsNv mfsU ifi nxd jsv, iahxd ialfb
jsv icbvfq sn ifsi dt rWqfv jfvsB wfd slshb sjb ?
spsrkc zffr ifj mfbcsNv mfsU sjhtmf ifi nxd jsvbdb. hvQ icBA hf
Hfstf jfuW nxd jsvsYb. (jc} 91/8) hQ j zffrv hflk W zfbcokA
jvfv iajk
x dlsq kfsj lcdbqfq ifdEsqsYb. (jc} 30/30) dj mfbcN Jdkqfv
jvfv nmq icsBAv iK Jdkqfv bf jsv kfv iajdx kv iv iahdx v iasti dlsq
ifsiv iK Jdkqfv jsv. pfv ubA kfv wfd hQ ml idvBfm zhwA rsh.

(wf} kf} 497)

zffr kfzftf pfsj Yf srlfqfk jsvb -ef k]fv lfb W zbcora . pfsj Yf
srlfqfk jsvb bf -ef kf]v bnfI, pctcm bq. jfvB, pctcm rjlfsvv rj zflfq
bf jvst rq. sn hflf srlfqfskv rjlfv bq. zfhfv dkdb pf Yf kf jsvb,
pfsj pf Yf kf lfb jsvb. jfsj slb -kf kf]v lqf W zbcora . jfsj slb

kfWrDl

81

bf -kf kf]v Yf, zbAfq bq. jfvB, kf]v jfsY sjfb zdLjfsvv lfhDlfv sj bq

(jc} 57/21,29)

hflf pf zffrv jfsY yfq kf pdl kfv HfsoA ifWqf hf bf

ifWqf dtJf Kfsj ksh lczf jsv tfH dj?
hflfv HfsoA dj zfsY kf sn ufsb bf. mbW rsk ifsv sp, sn pfdyk hde
sn yfst ifsh- dtJf zfsY. zfhfv lczf jde jfvB hf srkc mf. spmb, Dnm nfb tfsHv hQ hDuhib ofY hf It tfsHv jfvB mf. dj dhbf nsm
hf dhbf hDu hisb nfb hf Istv zfwf jvf pfq bf. zfv HfsoA Kfjst sYst rsh
hf Int rsh -kfW htf pfq bf. zfhfv nm hf hDu hib jvst sp nfb hf
It tfH rsh kfvW dbyqkf Kfsj bf. kf nm hf hDu svfiB jsv HfsoAv
iv Hvnf jvsk rq. skmdb lczf jsv hf kf]v jfsY sysq dbqdkv iv zff
vfJsk rq. hvfsk Kfjst hflf ifsh, bsy{ bf.
dEj klai lczf HfoAsj idvhkGb hf Jb jvsk ifsv. (dn} n} 154) hQ
zfkDqkfv hb zece vfJst mfbcsNv zfqc hxd rsq Kfsj. (mc} 2557) nh
j jef jfvB hf srkcmf. zfhfv Jb, hLGb hQ yfWqf-ifWqfW dbqfv
dbqdkv odk.
mfbcN zsbj nmq zffrv dbje zsbj djYc yfq zKy ifqbf
sjb ? iafKGGbf mcv rhfv iadkwadk (jc} 40/60) Kfjf nsW mcv
rq bf sjb?
zfnst dkdb nxdjkGf, dhfbmq. k]fv iadkde jmG drjmk W pcdpc. hflf pf
yfq kf sn kfv dbsuv ubA mt msb jvsk ifsv. dj dkdb hflfv ubA kf
mtlfqj msb jsvb bf. Ist hflfv ubA pf jtAfBmCtj kf dkdb kfsj ialfb
jsv Kfsjb, zKy hflf kf hcUsk ifsv bf. (jc} 2/216) pfv Ist lczf jhct bf
rWqfv zdHspfo jsv. smfejKf, hflfv ubA kfv yfWqf mcbfdnh hf dyk rst
(pfdyk h kfv ubA mt W ipc rst) kf sisq Kfsj, bkchf ifq bf. dj
kfv iafKGbf hxKf pfq bf. hvQ kfv ubA mcbfdnh snvi sjfb dkDq jtAfB tfH
jsv Kfsj. zbAKfq nmidvmfB sjfb zmt hf dhil sKsj dbvfif zuGb jsv
Kfsj. (mc} zf} 3/18, w} kf} 522)
lczf hfdk h tfH jvfv jef jfvB hf srkc hQ ef jde hflk. pfv
jhct rWqfv ubA djYc wkG zfsY spmb, Jtfn, rftft JfWqf W ivf kAfdl.
pfhkDq wkGfhtD iCvB bf rst sjfb dudbn niCBG rq bf. (24)
sjfb zfmt jvfv ubA hflfv nfmKG hQ zffrv `kWIDj' nrfqkf zidvrfpG
zffr uffr wfbcr hflfv iv kfv nfmsKGAv hfsv sjfb lfdqkHfv bA jsvb
() lczf jhct rWqfv efW j wkG sp, mfbcN lczf jvfv nmq zbcHh jvsh sp, sn zffrv

nfrfpA W zbcosa rv jf mcJfsi[D. k]fv dbje nhGlf sn dbkf dHJfvD hQ dkdb jjHfsh
iafKGbfjfvDv iafKGbf mcv jsvb. dhisj dhilXmc jsvb. zbAKf pdl sj zbcHh jsv sp, sn
zffrv mcJfsi[D bq. zffrv zbcosa rv kfv iasqfub sb hQ zHAfnokHfsh lczf jsv zKhf
lczfv nmq sn kf]v dbje dj yfq kf dbsu ufsb bf (spmb zfvhD lczfv mmGfKG bf susb lczf jsv
kfrst) kf jhct rWqfv ipc bq.

kfWrDl

82

bf. hflf pkecjc lfdqk iftsbv [mkf vfsJ kkecjc (hvQ kfv bcbA) shfUf
dkdb yfdisq Kfsjb. ef rt `tf rfWtf ztf jcWqfkf f dhfr' -v hAfJAf.
zKGf{ zffrv nfrfpA W iaqfnlfb YfVf sjfb n{jfpG niflb jvfv hQ
zn{jfpG rsk dhvk Kfjfv [mkf jfsvf sb. zbcviHfsh kf]v `kWIDj' hf
iaqfnlfb YfVf kf]v zhfLAfyvB rsk dhvk Kfjfv [mkf hQ zfbcokA hvB jvf
W kfv iv lxPHfsh iadkdk Kfjfv nfLA jfsvf sb. spmb zffrv Yf W
nfrfpA YfVf sjfb iajfv bVf-nvfv kecjc nfLA jfsvf sb.
mcndtm sjfb svfo-hAfdLv dbu nQmsB dhhfnD bq. jfvB, zffrv kvI
sKsj (iaKm) zfmB hQ (isv) nQmB rsq Kfsj. (hc} 5707, mc} 2220)
zfhfv nQfmj hAfdL sKsj nfhLfbW Kfsj. jfvB, sn kjlDv W klhDv lcsq
dhhfnD. kf sp fsb jstvf, hn hf zbA sjfb mrfmfvD slJf slq, sn fsb sn
hkGmfb Kfjst snJfb rsk Hsq shv rsq itfqb jsv bf. jfvB kjlDv rsk
iftfhfv iK sjfKfq? dj sn fsbv hfsv Kfjst snJfsb iashw jsv bf. jfvB,
klhDvW It slq. (hc} 5729,mc} 2219, mc} zf] 1/192)
klbcvi sjfb nQfmD hAfdLoa mfbcsNv jfsY Kfjst lCsv nsv pfq bf. hf
kfsj lCv hfsn bf hQ lCsv Kfjst jfsY zfsnbf (mcmCsNGv nfrfpA W dydj{nf jvfv
jKf k). jfvB, mfbcsNv jfu klhDv jvf hf nfhLfbkf zhtb jvf. kjlDv
kfv dbsuv jfu jvsh. (hc} 5707, mc} 2231)
zfhfv kfv jfsY pfWqfv iv pdl kfvW sn hAfdL rsq pfq, ksh sn dhhfn hf
LfvBf jsv bf sp, kfv jfsY sn svfoef rt. hvQ dhhfn vfsJ sp, ef kfv
dbqdkv odk hf zffrifsjv Yf.
dhhdhLfkfv dhLfb nfvf nxdv iv hth{. dhLfb sKsj Vfhfv [mkf
jfsvf sb. dj dkdb pf jsvsYb, jsvb hf jvshb kf ndEj W bnfIiCBG. k]fv
sjfb jfsuv iv iadkhfl hf SjdIqk jvf zKhf `sjb mbde jvstb' hst
iaw jvfv zdLjfv jfsvf sb. jfvB, vi jvf jcIvD. (jc} 21/23)

llH
cH
GL
c fG fG ssooAA SSLLppL
G ffvvBB
zffr uffk jclvfkcr bAfqivfqB hflwfr. dkdb njstv iadk bnfI jsvb,
bnfI jvsk zfslw slb. (jc} 16/90) dkdb sjfbdlb jfsvf iv pctcm jsvb
bf. (jc} 4/40,10/44) dkdb hflfv ubA pf djYc Ifqnftf jsvb kf hflfv
mstv ubA jsvb. (mc} 2999, mc} zf} 4/332) kf sjfb hflf hcUsk ifsv,
zfhfv sjfb hflf dhisl hdrlGdx sk Hct hcsU kf zbAfq msb jsv. iDdVk dwwc
pJb dk NL snhsb vfuD rq bf, kJb snrmqD mfkf sufviChj
G jJsbf hf Lmj
dlsq iarfv jsv dwwcsj JfWqfst, sn msb jsv mf kfv iadk pctcm jvsY. sn
dk NsLv dm It bf ufbfv ubA mf-sj Hct hcsU. sn hcUsk ifsv bf sp, mf
kfv mt yfq, kfv nckf W wfdv ubA mf kfsj wfd dlsY. klbcvi,
jmGjfv icvfkb uQ-Lvf stZrfsj zdols jsv zfOfskv iv zfOfsk

kfWrDl

83

dbsidNk jsv, kfsj LQn W dhbfw jvfv sswA bq, hvQ bkcb jsv oVfv
sswA. pdlW zfifklxdsk l W zfOfksj pctcm msb rq. nfuGb
svfodbhfvBfsKG svfoDv slsr zsfiyfv (zifsvwb) jvst kf zfifkk}
`mfvjfe' msb rstW hk} svfoDv mt nfLb jvf rq. dbsiNB hQ
zsfiyfsvv mkb dhLfkfv dhLfsb mfbcsNv hftf-mnDhk hQ wvDqkD
nQdhLfsbv dhdH ldhdL; kfsj bkcb W nc jsv osV skftfv ubA hAhf.
mcndtm zffrsj Lvsbv Hct sjfbdlb hcsUbf. sn kf]v njt Ifqnftfsj
bkdwsv smsb sbq hQ kfsk dbsuv mt msb jsv. zffrv kjlDv W
dhyfsvv iv SLpG LfvB jsv. dbqdkv iv nlf n Kfsj. zfifklxdsk dbsuv
HfoAsj lcHfGoA msb rstW snefsj sn dbsuv ubA wcH W zbcjCt msb jsv.
jfvB, sn ufsb sp, zffr kfv iadk sjfb dlb pctcm jsvb bf. dwwcv iadk mfsqv
zbcjif pkef, kfv sysq hflfv iadk zffrv zbcjif hocB zdLj. (hc}

5999, mc} 2754)

zkh mcndtm pJb sjfb dhisl hf mnDhsk isV kJb kjlDvsj hf zffrsj
(dbqdk hf dbqfsj) ofdt slq bf. spmb, `dbcv HfoA, sifVf jift, pfstm
kjlDv, dtJsb U]fef mfv, mb jifst U]fef mfvsk rq, jfbf sJflf, sJflfv ]w
sb' (bfpc dhfdr dmb pfdtj) kAfdl hst ofdtml jsv bf. jfvB, nh jKfq
mcndtm jfsIv rsq pfq.
mcdmb pJb sjfb dhisl isV kJb sn msb jsv, dhil rqskf kfv sjfb
ifsiv jcIt. (jc} 42/30) bkchf sofbfsrv jfIXIfvf. (hc} 5648, mc} 2572)
bsy{ zffrv kvI sKsj kfv sjfb ivD[f. (jc} 2/155) kf nhv jsv smWqf
tfsHv ubA. pfv Ist kfv ifi[q rq zKhf zffrv nfdLA tfH rq. dj
zsbj nmq mfbcsNv dwwcmb zffrv sn drjmk W pcdsj hcsU Esk ifsv bf.
iv sn nmq mcndtsmv dyk, zffrv kjlDv W Ifqnftfv sjfb iajfsvv
iadkhfl, zdHspfo hf zfidmCtj jKf bf hst, hvQ bf sHsh SLspGv nfsK mt
jfmbf jvf hQ HdHsv kf]v wvBfi rWqf. hflf kf]sj nvB jvst dkdb
kf]sj nvB jsv Kfsjb. (jc} 2/102)
dj mcndtm wcLcmf lc}J-j W mnDhskv nmsq zffrv bfm sbq bf, hvQ ncsJ
W lc}sJ, zfbl W swfsj nhGlf zffrsj nvB jsv. lc}sJv iv ncJ sisq kf]sj
Hcst pfq bf. jfvB, sn ufsb, lc}J-ncJ nh k]fv dbje rsk zfsn. kf lc}J
st nhv jsv ncJ st wcjXv jsv. jfvB, zffr jxkkf W SLpGwDtkfv
zfslw slb hQ dkdb SLpGwDt hflfv nfsK Kfsjb. (jc} 2/122-153)
smfe jKf dhislv nmq hflfv yfv zhf rsk ifsv }
1. dhisl zSLpG W [c rq. zffr W HfsoAv iv zdHspfo zfsb. zlxs hV
zn rq. dbsuv iv bnDshv hV pctcm msb jsv, jJbW hf oftfofdtW jsv
sIst. vi hflfv ubA rfvfm. jfvB, sk sn jfsIvW rsk ifsv. (jc}

22/11)

zKhf dhisl zSLpG rsq dy{jfv jsv, LQn hf mxkcAsj Ffsj. zKhf oft sbfsy,
jfiV W yct dY]sV, hcj yfisV kAfdl- v iaskAjef hflfv ubA rfvfm hf

kfWrDl

84

zShL. (25)
2. dhisl SLpG Lsv W nrA jsv. pdlW ef hflfv ubA Hfdv khcW sn mfsbv
hst nh djYc hvB jsv sbq. mnDhk skf yfq bf, dj st nrbwDtkfv idvyq
slq. ef hflfv ubA Wqfsuh. (zhwAjkGhA). (jc} 8/46)
3. dhisl sn n Kfsj. dhil st hf dj, zfv bf st hf dj -nh nmfb
hflfv jfsY. dhil st zfslZ Hfdv msb jsv bf. ef hflfv ubA mcf rfh hf
m.
4. dhisl wcjXv zflfq jsv spmb fYslA jsv, zffrv iadk jxk rq hQ
Hfsh sp mnDhk kfv ifi[q, icBAfdLjA zKhf zbA sjfb mstv jfvB.
ef hflfv ubA nshGfm W nshGfy zfnb.
mcdmsbv ubA Lb nil W lfdvla Hq ivD[f W mdkrfsbv h. (jc}
89/15-16) kf LbD rst kf]v jxkkf jvfv nfsK nfsK Lb kf]v vffq Jvy
jvf dyk. zfv ovDh rst SLpGfhtb jvf dyk. ifiD ifi jsvW ncJ ifq,
jfsIv jcIvD jsvW hV nilwftD, iaHfh W iadkidwftD rq. zffrifj
lcdbqfq kfslvsj dTt dlsq ncJ tcse sbhfv ncspfo nru jsv dlsqsYb. dj
ivjfst kfslv sjfb zQw sb. (jc} 3/178, 6/44, 23/55-56, 68/4445) hvQ nil kfslv ubA hV dIkbf. jfsIvslv sn ncsJv iadk kfdjsq
mcndtsmv mb}j ifWqf dyk bq. (jc} 15/88,20/131) zfv jKf susb
vfJf dyk sp, zffr kf]v njt hflfsj uDhsbfijvsB iafycpG dlst kfvf
ixdKhDsk dhipGq nxd jvk. dj dkdb (pfsj) sp idvmfB Yf kfsj sn idvmfB
dlsq Kfsjb. dkdb k]fv hflfslvsj nmAjX ufsbb hQ slsJb. (jc} 42/27)
`dhisl zffr mcdmsbv nfKD. pfv sj sb kfv zffr zfsYb. dkdb znrfsqv
nrfq.' nshv zKGg bq sp, ncsJ zffr kfv nfKD bq. pfv nhf zfsY kfv
zffrsj iasqfub sb hf pfv nrfq zfsY dkdb kfv nrfq bb. hvQ zffr
mcdmsbv nhG[sBv nfKD hQ nrfq. ksh dhisl sj kfsj nfrfpA bf jvst zffr
kfv nfrfpA jsv Kfsjb.
hflf pJb sjfb dhisl isV kJb hst Kfsj, `HfsoA dYt kf rsqsY.' dj
sjfb ifsi dt rsq HfsoAv slfrf dlsk ifsv bf. jfvB, ifsi kfv Jdkqfv
Kfsj; dj dhisl sn h]fysk yfq. kf sp Yf jsv dhil zfsb hf zfkrkAf jsv
sn mrfifiD. zhwA ifi sKsj kWhf jvfv iv sn htsk ifsv sp, `HfsoA dYt,
ifi rsq sosY.' (I}} 2/159)
smfejKf, HfsoAv iv mcndtm niCBGg vfdu Kfsj; dj ifsi yci Kfsj bf.
jfvB, mfbcN sYfbchkDG. ksh kfv Yf dhLfkfv dhLfsbv zbcnfvD.
kjlDv hf HfsoAv jKfdt hfrAk} iviv-dhsvfLD msb rq. njstv is[
niCBG hcsU zfnf nHh rq bf. djYc dhNq zfsY pf fb W oshNBf fvf it
() zSLpG bf rsq zdbYfjxkHfsh mfbcsNv jvBf W iajdx kok jff kjlDsvv iv vfuD Kfjf hf

SLpG LfvB jvfv iadkjCt bq. zffrv dbdlG HfsoAv iv, kf]v rfvfmjxk h kAfo jvf hQ
zfslwjxk h iftb jvfv iv SLpG LfvB jvsk mcdmb zfdl rsqsY.

kfWrDl

85

rq. kf zDjfv jvf jcIvD, zfhfv mb zsbj dhNq zfsY pf fb-oshNBf hf

ksjGv fvf it bq. mb dhNsq fsbv lfhD jvfW jcIvD. mcdmb mb znfLA
nfLsb mb slq bf.
kjlDv hflfv ubA klbcvi jde zbcith dhNq, zffrv jde vrnA.
vrnA kf]v dbjehkDG sjfb dIdvf zKhf sjfb bhD-vnCtW ufsbb bf. zkh kf
lXOfeb jvfv zisyf jvf zKhf zbcvi zfstfybfq iah
x rWqf tfbfv jfvB,
hbfv snfifb hQ nDmftQOsbv iK. zkh dhNsq mcndtmsj nfhLfbkf
zhtb jvf hQ dbsq dyf-Hfhbf W jcmBf rsk dhvk W nkjG rWqf
dyk. jfvB, zffr uffk jclvfkcr kjlDv nQf fb W sHlsj mJtcj
rsk oc svsJsYb hQ v vrnA lXOfesbv iK J]cusk dosq kjG-dhkjG jvsk
dbsNL jsvsYb.
hAdv ubA LQn zdbhfpG, sp hAd kjlDv nisjG zffrv dhvs zpKf W
znmDyDb mhA jsv hQ svfof zv dbsq hAfifsv zfstfybf W dhksjG vk
rq. zfv sjht dbu LfvBf W jibfv hfhst ofqshv jde oc vrnA
lXOfesbv lc}nfrdnjkf ialwGb jsv, pfv Ist sn dmKAfhflD W ififyfvDsk
idvBk rq. (zf} kf})

z
zffffr
rvv vvffllff hhff YYff
zffr ifj pf Yf kf jsvb.(jc} 85/16) pf sysqsYb kf rsqsY, pf yfshb
kf rsh. k]fv Yfv dhvs nxd uoskv sjfb djYc nQOdek rq bf. nhdjYc
k]fv Yf W idvjibfv mfLsmA idvyfdtk rq. kf]v Yf hAkDk kf]v hflfv
sjfb Yf W ni hfhfdqk rq bf. hflfv ubA pf yfb kf rq, pf yfb bf kf rq
bf.
ifi dkdb nxd jsvsYb. mfbcN ifsi dt rq; dj dkdb yfst ixdKhDsk sjfb
ifi rk bf. (jc} 2/253) dj kfrstW dkdb ifi iYl jsvb bf. ifiDv
iv vfofdhk W c rb, ifsiv isK if hfVfsk dbsNL jsvb.
dkdb pfsj Yf kfsj mcdv iK ialwGb jsvb, v[f jsvb, zfv nh hflfv
iadk k]fv zbcora . zfhfv pfsj Yf kfsj iK jsvb, LQn jsvb, dhiloa
jsv wfd ialfb jsvb. zfv nh kf]v drjmskv zH
cG bAfqivfqBkf. dkdb
jfvW iadk pctcm W zbAfq jvf sKsj ifj dbvb. (jc} 6/39, 74/31)
zffr kfzftfv vflf hf Yf lc iajfsvv }
1- vflfr jWdbqfr hf nxdmCtj Yf. sp Yfwdsk dkdb yfst nhdjYc
rsk hfLA. pJb sjfb djYc nxd jvfv Yf jsvb kJb wcLcmf `rW' htst kf
nxd rsq pfq. (jc} 19/35, 36/82) kf]v Yfq pdl sjfb dudbn `bf rhfv'
rq kfrst nmoa uoskv dmdtk iasyfskW kf rWqf nHh bq.
2- vflfr Ddbqfr hf DbD W islwmCtj Yf, pf dkdb iYl jsvb W
Hfstfhfsnb. hflfsj kf jvsk zfslw jsvb W islw slb. hflf jJsbf kf

kfWrDl

86

jsv, jJsbf jsv bf. (jc} 2/185, 4/27-28)

spmb zffr kfzftf kf]v vflfr jWdbqfr W DbDqfr Hq dlsq rpvk
zfhc hjv -v mfb sysqdYstb, Ist dkdb mcdmb nfrfhD dYstb.
zfv vflfr Ddbqfq zfhc susrstv mfb sysqdYstb, dj vflfr jWdbqfq
yfbdb. pfv Ist zfhcsusrt mfb zfsbdb. dj jWdbqfq yfst sn mcdmb rsq
spk.
Hfsh iadk n{jfpG kf]v Hq vflfq nQOdek rsq Kfsj, dj iadk zn{jfpG
kf]v wcLc vflfr jWdbqfq rsq Kfsj.

mmffbb
mfb zsv dhhfn W Djfv mcsJ yfvB W iajfw, hQ dhdH slrf fvf
jfsu idvBk jvfv bfm. kf mfb jsm W hfsV. jfvB jfsu idvBk jvf hQ
zsvv dhhfn nhGlf njstv j nmfb rq bf. spmb jfsvf Jhsv wcsb dhhfn
hQ iakA[ lwGsb dhhfn nmfb bq. skmdb jde mfbcsNv jfsY wcsb sp dhhfn
usm, kfv sysq lcde mfbcsNv jfsY wcsb dhhfn zdLj usm. kf skf rpvk
hafrDm
zffrv jfsY mxksj uDdhk jvf iakA[ slJsk sysqdYstb. zffr
kf]sj hstdYstb, `kcdm dj (zfmfv mxksj uDhb lfb jvf) dhhfn jv bf?' dkdb
hstdYstb, `dbyq, ksh zfmfv mbsj iashfdLk jvfv ubA slJsk yf.' (jc}

2/260)

zkh zsv dhwfn W iakAq-lxPkf zbcpfqD mfb jm shwD rsq Kfsj. pJb
mcndtm sjfb jcvzfb W rflDsnv mrdIst Kfsj, uffk W ufrffsmv zfstfybf
swfsb, kJb kfv mfb hxd ifq. zfhfv pJb nQnfsv dt rsq ofItdk W
zhsrtfq Kfsj, kJb mfb sn idvmfB zfv Kfsj bf. skmdb sp lwhfv zffrv
dpjXv jsv kfv mfb jwkhfv dpjXvjfvDv mk bq. sp iCBG ncfr smfkfshj
zffrv hflk jsv kfv mfb sn hAdv sKsj shwD, sp iCBG ncfr smfkfshj
hflk jsv bf. sp pk shwD zfmt W hflk jsv, kfv mfb kk siff W shwD
rq. jcvzfb mfuDsl (9/125, 74/31) hQ rflDn wvDsI (hc} 7410) jfdLj
fsb mfb jm-shwD rhfv jKf zfstfdyk rsqsY.
mfb shwD rhfv zsbj srkc zfsY, spmb }
iaKmk} zffr kfzftfv bfm W BfhtD (zfnmf W dnIfk) fvf kf]v mfsvIfk
(idvfb). sp pk kf]v bfm W B susb kf]v mfsvIfk zuGb jvsh, kfv kk
mfb hxd rsk Kfjsh.
dkDqk} zffrv nxdv iv dyf W oshNBf, kf]v nxdok W wvqD dblwGbsj
dHd jsv kf]v mrk W mdrmf zbcnfb jvf. (jc} 51/20-21)
kxkDqk} zdLj zfmt, hflk W zffrv dpjXv jvf.
zfv dksbv dhivDk jvf mfb jm rWqfv srkc.
mfsbv mCt vjXb (H) Yqde } zffrv iv mfb, k]fv dIdvfv iv

kfWrDl

87

mfb, kf]v djkfh hf wDoanmCsrv iv mfb, vnCt W zfdqfv iv mfb,

zfsJvfk hf icbvfb W ivjfstv iv mfb hQ kjlDv hf dhLfkfv dhLfsbv
Hfstf-ml, dm W dksv iv mfb. (hc} 50, mc} 8)
kAkDk zfvW h dhNq vsqsY pfv iv mfb Wqfsuh.
mfsbv nsvv zdLj wfJf-iawfJf zfsY. v hxrm wfJf `tf tfrf ffr'
(mmGfKG hcsU) htf hQ [clk
a m wfJf iK rsk jlfqj h zinfdvk jvf. zfv
tfW mfsbv jde wfJf. (hc} 9, mc} 35)
mfb KfjstW ifsiv jfvsB (zffr yfst) ufrffm spsk rsh. ksh pfv
zsv zBcidvmfBW mfb dhlAmfb Kfjsh, ifsiv wfd sHfsov iv sn uffkhfnD
rsh.
mcndtm pJb sjfb nclv msbfvm, mtlfqj hf zfypGubj dudbn slsJ hf
Lvsbv sjfb jKf swfsb, kJb zffr zfjhfv `nchrfbffr' `zft rfmlcdtfr'
zKhf `mf-wfzffr' hst. HdhNAskv sjfb zufbf jfsuv ubA hf djYc `jvh'
htst kfv ns `bwf zffr' hst. (26)
g `bwf-zffr' dbyqkfshfLj zsKG hAhrfv jvf rq. spmb, `bwf-zffr
zfdm pfh.' vi hst bf pfWqfv nslr lCv jvf rq. zsKG mcndtm `b wfzffr zfdm mcdmb' htsk ifsv bf. jfvB, sk ncdbdykHfsh dbsusj mcdmb
rWqfv nfd[ slWqf rq. kfsk zrdmjf hf hVf rsk ifsv. pf mcndtsmv ubA
ufsqp bq. (jc} 53/32) zfhfv `bwf zffr' nslr hf zdbyqkfshfLj
zsKGW hAhrfv rq. spmb, `pfh bwf-zffr.' zKGf{ zffr yfst pfh, bf
yfst pfh bf. hvQ msb msb htf rq sp, `spskW ifdv, bfW spsk ifdv.' vi
nslsrv zsKG hf dLf hcUfskW mcndtm `bwf-zffr zfdm mcdmb' htsk ifsv
bf. jfvB, nslsr mfb Kfsj bf.
ksh r]Af, zdbyqkfshfLj zsKG `bwf-zffr zfdm mcdmb' hst pdl sn mcdmb
swA rq pfv iawQnf zffr kfzftf k]fv djkfsh jsvsYb, ksh kf htsk
ifsv. jfvB snvi mcdmb rWqf zdbyqkf hf nslsrv jKf hse. zfhfv spsrkc
HdhNAskv Jhv zffrv jfsY. hkGmfsb sn dbsusj mcdmb msb jsv. dj
zfofmDsk kfv mcdmb rsq Kfjfq zffrv Yf Kfjsh djbf -sndlsj t[A jsv
htstW htsk ifsv. (dj}}w}kf} 395-398)

nnt
tffmm
mfbcN nxdv wcv sKsj swN (djqfmk) ipG vnCt W zfdqfosBv mfLAsm zfbDk
W iayfdvk zffrv dbslGsw zffrv hflk, zfbcokA hQ kf]v dbje
zfknmiGB jvf kKf dwjG sKsj lCsv Kfjfv bfm ntfm. rpvk zflm
sKsj
wcv jsv rpvk mcrfmfl
ipG njt zfdqf W vnCtosBv iayfdvk LmG,
() v zKG `pdl zffr yfb.' htf rq jfvsB sp, sp sjfbW jfu zffrv Yf hAkDk ni

rq bf. pdlW kfsk hflfv iCBG Yf Kfsj. (jc} 18/23-24,39)

kfWrDl

88

uDhbflwG hf h]fyfv idkv bfm ntfm. (jc} 42/13) (pdlW kf]slv LmGDq
zbcwfnsb djYc djYc ifKGjA dhlAmfb dYt.) kf njstv Db j (ntfm) rstW
wvDqk dhdH. dj rpvk mcrfmfl -v bhcqskv iv wcLc kf]v wvDqksj
ntfm htf rq. jfvB, kf]v wvDqk nm wvDqksj mbncJ (vdrk) jsv dlsqsY.
kf sp k]fv W kf]v wvDqskv zbcjvB jsv jmf zffrv (dwjGrDb) hflk
jsv sn mcndtm. zfv sp kf]sj bhD hst W kf]v wvDqksj LmG hst mfbsk yfq bf
hQ sn wvDqskv zbcjvB jsv bf, sn (pdlW zffrv hflk jsv khcW)
jfsIv. jfvB, kfsk sn zffrv dbje zfkdbshlb bf jsv dbsuv iahdx v jfsY
zfkdbshlb jsv.
zkh qflD rpvk mCnf
-v pcso mcndtm dYt. JaDfb rpvk nf
v pcso mcndtm dYt. (qflD W bfnfvf hf JaDfb ivhkDGjfstv bfm.) dj
rpvk mcrfmfl pJb bhD rsq siadvk rstb hQ zffr ifj nmoa mfbhufdksj jmf kf]v zbcnvB jvfv dbslGw dlstb, kJb kfvf k]fsj zDjfv
jvt. zffrv bfIvmfbD jvt hQ kfslv bhDslvW zhfLA rt; p]fvf kfslvsj
mcrfmfl -v iv mfb zfbfv zfslw dlsqdYstb. Ist kfvf jfsIv rt.
spsrkc nm zfdqfv Db j, zfrhfb j hQ ntfm rt zffrv msbfbDk
Db. kf kf sYsV sjfb isK kf]v ndtfH nHhiv bq. (jc} 3/19, 85,

5/3)

ntfsmv vjXb if]yde } jstmf (`tf tfrf ffr, mcrfmflcv vfnCtcfr' hf

zffr hAkDk sjfb nkA ifnA sb, mcrfmfl zffrv siadvk lfn hf vnCt jKf dhwfn jvf W htf hQ sn zbcpfqD jmG jvf.) if]y zsv bfmfp jfsqm
jvf, Lsbv pfjfk zflfq jvf, vmpfsbv svfpf iftb jvf hQ mf mcjfvGfmfq
zhdk ixdKhDv nhGiaKm (hflk) oxr jfhf wvDsIv r duqfvk iftb jvf.
kAkDk zbAfbA Ivp zfmtW ntfsm vsqsY.
fkhA sp, mfb, ufb, fb, mfb W Lb mfbcsNv 5de nilsj v[f jvfv
ubA ntfsmv zfomb rsqsY dhsw.

mmffbb W
Gj
W nnt
tffssmmvv mmssLLAA i
iffKKj
G AA
pJb mfb W ntfm w lcdesj ixKj ixKjHfsh hAhrfv jvf rq, kJb
Hsqv nQfKG j. zkh ntfm htsk shfUfq, zffrv dbje hfdrAj W
zfdvjHfsh zfknmiGB jvf, pfsk icsvf Db wfdmt rsq pfq -zfdjlf
(dhhfn) zfrjfm W zfmt (jfu) hQ jKfW. klbcvi mfbW zsv dhhfn
mcsJ jKb W dhdH slrfsv fvf jfspG idvBk jvfv bfm.
dj pJb mfb W ntfm j ns ifwfifdw hAhrfv jvf rq kJb ntfm
htsk hfdrAj zfmt, jKf W jfusj hcUfq, hQ mfb htsk zfdvj W
zfHAvDB zfmt, iakAq, Hd W siamsj hcUfq. (jc} 49/14,51/36, hc} 50,

mc} 8)

kfWrDl

89

zkh mfbcN iaKsm dhhfn jsv mcdmb hQ isv zfmt jsv mcndtm rq. zfhfv
sp mcdmb sn mcndtm. jfvB, mcdmb ntfm YfVf hQ mcndtm mfb YfVf rsk
ifsv bf.
mfb W ntfsmv nfsK hflskv ubA Jtfn jf uvvD. kfYfVf hflk
jhct rq bf. `Jtfn' hst, dhwc msb, jfoadys, jdbHfsh wcLcmf zffrv
ndv dbdms kmq rsq sjfb hflsk zdHdbdh rWqfsj, hQ sn hflk
spb zbA jfsvf LAfb, jfsvf nd hf msbfvb, dbu sjfb fKGtfH swA bf
rq. zbAKfq kf dwsjG idvBk rsh. `rnfb' hst mbHfsh hflk jvfsj,
pfsk zfshl msb jsv spb sn zffrsj slJsY. kf nHh bf rst msb jsv sp,
zffr kfsj slJsYb. Hfsh Ivp hf Wqfsuh YfVfW bIt W mcf rfh iftb
jsv hQ rfvfm W bfufsqp YfVfW mjvr W ndlrfb kAfo jsv pfvf zffrv
kcd dhLfb jvsk yfq kfvf mcfjDb W mcrsnbDb.
ntfm nhGswa LmG. nxdjkGf W dhLfkf zffr ifsjv msbfbDk LmG. (jc} 3/19,
9/33) mcndtm zbA sjfb LmGsj ntfsmv nmkct msb jsv bf. ziv LsmGv
ifnAslv ofdt-mlW jsv bf. (jc} 6/108) sn ixdKhDsk wfd yfq. sn ufsb sp,
wfd iadkf jvsk ntfmD nQdhLfb hAkDk zbA sjfb nQdhLfb zyt-zifvo.
ntfmD dhyfv kfv dbje nhGswa W bAfqivfqB. kf sn lcdbqfsk ntfmD uDhb
hAhfv iadkf yfq. dhyfv W mDmfQnf jsv skf nxdjkGf iaBDk zfb W jfbcb fvf
jsv. sjfb nxdv oVf jfbcb fvf bq. (jc} 4/60, 5/44-45,47) zfv Djfv
jsv sp, ntfmD uDhbflwG nfvf ixdKhD W nhGjfstv ubA ispfoD. nmoa
mfbhufdk W dub nialfsqv ubA mfbA. zkh mcndtm ntfmD dhyfv W
Ifqnftfsj dbdGLfq W db}nslsr bkdwsv smsb sbq.
i[fsv sp dhhfn vfsJ sp, mbcNA-vdyk nQdhLfb ntfmD nQdhLfb zsi[f
m. zKhf ntfmD uDhb-hAhf dhQw wkfd hf kfv isv zyt, zKhf ntfmD
uDhbflwG mcntmfbslvsj iyfsk sIst svsJsY, zKhf ntfmD nQdhLfb wcLc
hAdok uDhsbv hAfifv, ifwGbAft t' hQ hflf W zffrv mfsU nijGDq mf,
vfubDdk, nmfubDdk, zKGbDdk hf zbAfbA bDdksk kfv sjfb iankf sb. zKhf
msb jsv sp, ntfmD zfbfbcpfqD syfsvv rfk jfef, zdhhfdrk hAdHyfvDsj
wkhfv shfOfk jvf zfv dhhfdrk hAdHyfvDsj rkAf jvf pcso mcbfsnh rq bf.
zKhf ntfmD zflftk YfVf zbA zflftsk dhyfv bAfpA W m msb jsv.
kfrst sn mcdmb bq mcndtm bq, jfsIv.
zhwA pfvf ntfmD jfbcb W nQdhLfbsj swa ufbf nsW sjfb yfsi isV mfbh
vdyk zfb fvf dhyfv-mDmfQnf W vf idvyftbf jsv kfslvsj jfsIv htf pfq
bf, Ifsnj htf pfq.
mcndtm dhwfn vfsJ sp, zffr kfsj sp zdLjfv dlsqsYb kf nh k]fv bnfI
W bAfqnk. icvNsj bfvDv iv mpGflf, jkGk
x W sbkxk dlsqsYb. bfvDsj
icvsNv zsLGj zQw dlsq vfdLjfdvBD jsvsYb. icvNsj yfvde ipG D oarsB
zbcmdk dlsqsYb. Jch jdEbkm iasqfusb fmD-Dv dyv hb ecse slhfv zbcmdk
dlsqsYb- nh djYc k]fv pcdpc bnfI. nh ocdtsj sp zbAfq W pctcm Hfsh

kfWrDl

90

sn jfsIv.
sp ntfm sKsj ShmcJ rq, bf Db dw[f jsv zfv bf dw[fsj iasqfub msb jsv,
bf Dsbv iv zfmt jsv, zfv bf- kfv iasqfub zfsY hst msb jsv -snW
jfsIv. (jc}32/22)
sp zffrv vnCstv ydvs nslr jsv. k]fv zfbDk sjfbW zfb idk vDdkdbdk, yft-ytb, zflwG hf mkfmksj zwaf W ziYl jsv, OxBf jsv hf dblf
jsv- snW mcdmb rsk ifsv bf.
sp Dsb-ntfsmv sjfb zQw dbsq -zffr, vnCt, nfrfhf hf sjfb zfmt W
zflwG (spmb lfdV, ilGf kAfdl) dbsq hA-dhlai, jef[, mufj-Eff hf irfn
jsv -snW jfsIv. (jc} 9/65-66) klbcvi tXm W tfmf dbsq hA-dhlai W
EffjfvD -pdlW mufjYst sn jKf hst, kfv pKfKGkf W nkAkf kfv swA bf
rq, khcW -sn jfsIv rsh. (27)
sp mcwdvj hf ofqvfrv hflkjfvDsj jfsIv msb jsv bf djQhf kfv jfsIv
rWqfv hAfifsv kecjcW nslr jsv -snW jfsIv.
ifvstZdjj wfd hQ zffrv kcd zuGsbv jmf iK ntfm. sp LfvBf jsv
sp, rpvk mcrfml swN bhDvsi nmoa mfbh ufdkv ubA zfnfv ivW zbA
sjfb mk W isK zffrv kcd hf ifvstZdjj wfd ifWqf pfq- snW jfsIv.
`dhdH bl-blDv {nmcJ W iahfr iK dH rstW nh j nmcsla dosq dmsw.
njstv mk W iK dhdH rstW swA sn j dhLfkfv nddhLfb.' dj
njt blD j dmtbs[s si]ZsY bf. dhdH nmcsla dosq dmsw, jfsvf ifdb dmEf,
jfsvf, thBf, jfsvf hf zbAdjYc. sp blD dmEf-nfosv hf wfd-dncsk dosq
dmstsY kf jmf ntfm blD.
`jde zsj dhdH dbqsm jNf pfq, vW j hf ndEj rq.' dj zffr
kfzftf mfbcNsj sp z jNsk dlsqsYb kfv idk mf jef, ntfm idk.
zbA sjfb mboVf `iasnn'- v ndEj rsh bf. (jc} 3/85)
`iK dhdH rstW ohAt jef.' zbA sjfb nfLfvB ohAstv s[s
iaspfuA rsk ifsv. dj sp ohAst zffrsj ifWqf pfq kfv ubA iK jef.
j dhlc sKsj ziv dhlc ipG nvt svJf efbst mf jde svJf efbf nHh.
lc hf kfv zdLj svJf efbsk sost- rq kf ziv dhlc ipG si]ZYsh bf, bkchf
svJf nvt rsh bf. sn jde nvt svJf zffrv iK, ntfm. (jc} 6/153)
njt wD LmG nkA, ksh kfv dbu nmsq pdl kf kfWrDslv iayfvj rq.
spsrkc njt LsmGv mCt j, sn srkc nhGswsN njt mfbcNsj jde LsmGv
zbcnvB jvsk htf rsqsY. (jc} 7/157, 61/6) njt LsmGv bhD W mrficvNoB
ntfm LsmGv bhD W mrficvsNv zbcnvB jvfv dbslGw k]fslv zbcofmDslv
iv ufvD jsv sosYb. sp mrficvsNv jKf kfvf dbsuslv LmDGq oasW dtdih
() jfsIv rWqfv smfefmcde i]fyde jfvB } nskAv zitfi jvf hf zdhhfn jvf, nkA iakAfJAfb

jvf hf nkA ufbf nsW Djfv bf jvf W kA iajfw jvf, nslr jvf, nkA dhmcJ rWqf hQ
nskAv nfsK jiekf jvf.

kfWrDl

91

ifq. (jc} 7/157, 61/6)

zffrv msbfbDk LmG jmf ntfm. YfVf zbA sjfb LmG k]fv dbje oxrDk
W Djxk bq. pfv ubA mcndtm zmcndtmslv nfsK zfkDqkf hf dhhfr-wflD jvsk
ifsv bf. (jc} 2/221) zfv kfv ubA (dhswN jsv [dk nfLsbv zfwfq)
mcndtm LmG kAfo jvst kfsj rkAf jvf rq. sjfb zmcndtm bfvD hf icvN pdl
sjfb mcndtm icvN hf bfvDsj dhhfr jvsk yfq, ksh kfsj iaKsm mcndtm rsk
rsh. ksh zfrst djkfh (qfl W bfnfvf)slv sjfb nfLD bfvD pdl sjfb
mcndtmsj dhhfr hsb zfh jvsk yfq, kfrst sn ntfm LmG oarB bf jsvW
jvsk ifsv. (jc} 5/5) dj sjfb mcndtm bfvD sjfb zfrst djkfh icvNsj
dhhfr jvsk ifsv bf. jfvB mcndtm qflD W bfnfvf (zfrst djkfh)slv bhD
rpvk mCnf
W rpvk nf -v iv mfb vfsJ. dj kfvf mcntmfbslv
bhD rpvk mcrfmfl v iv mfb vfsJ bf.zfv ntfm dyv k,sn sjfKfW
bk rq bf.
ntfm iCBG mfbhkf W nHAkfv LmG. sp mfbhkf W nHAkf qQ nxubjkGf
mcndtmsj dw[f dlsqsYb. pfv Ydh sjht iCBG ntfmD idvshsw idvIcdek rq.
kfv zbcmfb sjfb znicBG W Ifsnj mcndtsmv zfmst, jfsu W hAhrfsv hQ
dhjxk sOftfse ntfmD idvshsw rq bf. kf sjhtmf bfmLfvD mcntmfbslv
zhf lwGb jsv ntfsmv vi W iajdx k dbBGq jvf mrfHct.
iafsyAv mfbcN iaodkv isK, mcndtm zL}iksbv zkt kst. dj kfv
iyf{il rWqfv jfvB kfv dbu zhsrtf, Dsbv zbcnvB bq. LmG kfsj dhfb
W zfdhjfsvv isK hfLf slq bf; hvQ {nfdrk jsv. pdlW Db hf ivjft kfv
zfnt t[A hQ lcdbqf kfv it[A mf, khcW spsrkc sn nhfv nshGfidv.
nhGij
a fv mt W jtAfBmq fb-dhfb, nHAkf-nQxdk, zfdhjfv, jfdvovD
iaHdx kv rjlfv mcndtm shwD. dj lc}sJv dhNq sp, mcndtm kfv dbu zhfq
DbW rfdvsqsY hQ lcdbqfW.
kfYfVf LsmGv h]fLb dY]sV jcIvD, bokf, spZb fLDbkf W YxJtkfq sbsm st
sj Shfdbj rsq pfq bf. slw sKsj LsmGv zfstf kcst dlst dhfsbv zfstf
sn pfq bf. dhfb skf nfLbf W oshNBfv It, pf iCBG LfdmGj rsqW jvf pfq.
mcndtm ifyfkA nHAkfv YxJt odksj iaodk bq, hvQ lcodG k W zL}odk
msb jsv. pfslvsj kfslv dhtfn nfmoaD lcdbqfsk ialfb jvf rsqsY. mcndtsmv
ubA skf zfsJvfk. (jc} 46/20, hc} 5191)
ntfm j wfhk W dyvb LmG. kfv iadk zbcwfnb dyvfqk W jftuqD.
mfbcsNv ufsrdtqfdkv zk nQfv jvfv sswA kfv zfdhHGfh. kfv sjfb
vDdk-bDdk jcnQfv bq. kfv zbcwfnbsj iafyDb hf snsjst hQ zbcnfvDsj
iafyDbiD hst bfj dnejfhfv zdLjfv jfsvf sb. spsrkc mfbcsNv svfo icvfkb
kf kfv iadksNLj NLW icvfkb. pf dyvjftDb zhAKG.
ntfmsj wvDqk, kvDjk, rjDjk W mf'svIfk - Hfo jvf sofmvfrD.
mf'svIfsk si]ZsY mfbcsNv jfsY rftft-rfvfm jfjfv rq zKhf nm rfvfm kfv
ubA rftft rsq pfq, wvDqskv sjfb zfmt kfv iv Wqfsuh Kfsj bf-

kfWrDl

92

LfvBf vfJf jcIvD. (28)

zffrv bhD -v mk jfsmt zffrv mf'svIfk jfsvf rsk ifsv bf. khcW
dkdb Ivp bfmfp YfVf vfd suso bIt hflk jvskb, bIt svfpf vfJskb,
rfvfm sKsj jdEbHfsh ivsrp jvskb. kf]v khV mpGflf Kfjf nsW kf]v iadk
iakAfslw rsqdYt, kcdm dwjG jvst skfmfv jmG dbIt rsh hQ kcdm rsh
[dkoa. (jc} 39/65)
kfviv k]fv nfrfhfoBW jfmfdtqfk nsW sjfb zfmt kAfo jsvbdb. kfrst
sp k]fslv jde ycstv hvfhvW bq kfv iv sKsj wvDqskv zbcwfnb dj jsv
sE spsk ifsv? kf wvDqk YfVf nhdjYc dmKAf. wvDqskv dbqmidk YfVf
zfv zbA djYc sofmvfrD W dhlzfk. wvDqk sYsV jfsmstv lfhD `mfvIdk' bq
`mfvIcdkG'. pf kf YfVf djYc bq.
tsm pfsrvD wvDqk W hflskv tXm hQ tXsm hfskbD wvDqk W hflskv
drjmk hf pcd ufbfsj htf pfq. YfVf mcndtsmv ubA mb sjfb hfskbD
(oc) tXm sb, pfsk kfv mt Kfjsk ifsv. (hvQ zdLjfQw hfskbD tXm
sofmvfrDv jfvB.) pfvf wvDqskv zbcnfvDslvsj Hfnmfb ifbfdV ifkfv nfsK
kctbf jsv, kfvf zfnst ifdbsk Fcsh nhGbfwoa. ntsI nfstrDsbv jtsh
jtsh sjfb oc tXm dYt bf, pf dYt kf iayfv jsv sosYb. spsrkc tXm hfskb
hf oc jvf zShL W rfvfm. (jc} 3/187, 2/159,n} uf} 6517)
`tXsm kfnfWI' htsk pdl zf'mfst jctch hf zfdvj W zfLAfdkj
jmGnmCsrv dhdH fb (pf wvDqk nmk rq kf) sj hcUfq ksh kf oarBDq. dj
ncIDhflDslv zhkfvhfl, ShvfoA, zSkhfl, nshGwv hfl, jfkhfl (naf W
nxdsj jfjfv Hfhf), `IfbfdIfr' (zffrsk dhtDb rWqf), wvDqskv zfmt
idvkAfo, dbdlG mboVf idksk zffrv dpjXv jvf kAfdlsk ntfsmv sjfb
nmKGb sb. hvQ ocdtv sjfbde dhlzfk, sjfbde dwjG, sjfbde jcIXv.
ntfm vfubDdk sKsj dH bq. mfbcsNv ubA pfhkDq jtAfB-bDdk ntfsm
hkGmfb, pf mfbcsNv nhGs[s iaspfuA. ksh ntfsm zfsY ntfmD vfubDdk;
iafsyAv vfubDdk ntfsm sb.
ntfm sjfb mkhfslv bfm bq. ntfm nxdjkGf zffrv kvI sKsj mfbhlfbshv ubA zhwA mfbA j iCBfG uDhbhAhf. pf zbAfbA LmGnmCsrv mk sjfb
nfLfvB LmG bq.
ntfm kvhfdv fvf iayfv rqdb. ntfsmv wslv vi zihfsl hQ
ziiayfsv sjfb fbD jBGifk jsv bf. ntfsm sufv-uhvld hf htiaqfsov
sjfb fb sb. (jc} 2/256) htiasqfsov sjfb iasqfub sb. jfvB, ntfm
fb, hcd, dhshj W pcdv LmG. mfbcsNv iajdx kdn, wfd W d, nQfv,
zfkwcd W nQswfLsbv LmG. ntfmD wvDqk zflwG W nydvkfv ivwmdB.
ntfm nkA, nciK W ncbDdkpc iCBfG LmG. pfv ltDt W dblwGb nCphG { i.
fb W dhshsjv y[c mDtb jvst kf sp sjr itd jvsk n[m rq.
() spsrkc dw, ifot zKhf kcmkD bf rst mxkcA ipG zfmt W hflk kfv iv pKf dbqsm

Wqfsuh Kfsj.

kfWrDl

93

kfYfVf mb sp hsj OxBfshfL jsv, pfv iv dhvfo W dhkxf usm, pfv nfsK
hfh W nskAv dhsvfL Ose sn hv zfbcoskAv iv hfLA jvfsk uhvld hf
htiasqfo iasqfub rq. dj ntfm skf kf bq.
LmG ns oshNBf W ufbfv iv jmf fKGf, zfkoshGfk, ivmkdhsND
hf SvfyfvD mfbcN YfVf sj kf hvB W oarB jvf sKsj dhvk Kfjsk ifsv bf.
dj nskAv w nhG dhlAmfb. LmGida kf, zfkv[f W wkfv mCtsYlb
jvsk durfl hf LmGpsc v zfhwAjkf dYt hQ zfuW zfsY.
sYfq sp ntfm oarB jsv mcndtmvf kfsj nflsv oarB jsv. kfsj zifMXsq
hf zixwA Hfsh bf. zmcndtmsj ntfm oarsB c jsv- jfsvf dbje dbu
sjfb fKGdndv ubA bq; hvQ kfsk jub iK mfbcNsj ncisKv dlwf dlsq
zffrv jfsY mrfiadklfb tfsHv zfwf jsv.
zmcndtmslv dbje sKsj dudpqf jv zflfq mcndtm vfsv ubA sjfb zbAfq W
pctcm bq. mcndtmslv dbje sKsj kf zflfq jvf rq bf hst kf sh-bnfID bq
zmcndtmslv dbje rsk mfKf diYc djYc jv zflfq jvf rq kfslv iadkv[fv Jvy
hfhl, drIfpskv sswA. ef skf vfsv ubA vfhfnDv iv j zdLjfv. zfv
kf skf zdk nfmfbA. dj mcndtmslv dbje sKsj iadkhYv kfslv efjf-iqnf hf
snfbf-yf]dlv zfVf wkfQw, Instv j lwmfQn zKhf j dhQwfQw (iaKsm
jhfv) se]v i]dywdev jde, ovv dwdev jde, Yfo hf smNfdlv ydwdev
jde iadk hYv pfjfk zflfq jvf rq, ( dhNsq dhwl dhhvB sjfb zfrjfsmv
djkfsh lahA) pf zmcndtmslv kctbfq zsbj shwD. pfjfk pfvf zflfq jvsk
zDjfv jsv vf kfslv dhvs pc sOfNBf jsv. zkh ntfm sjfb dbdlG
ufdkv ubA bq. hvQ njstv ubA bAfpA zdLjfv zflfq jsv hQ zbAfsqv
dhvs pc sOfNBf jsv. ntfm skf nxdjkGf zffrv LmG. zfv zffr sjfb dlb
jfsvf iadk pctcm jsv bf.

j
jsst
tmmff k
kffW
Wr
rDDll W
Wi
iffi
i
mcndtm ntfsmv mCtm jstmf kWrDl `tf tfrf ffr, mcrfmflcv
vfnCtc fr' -zKGf{ zffr YfVf sjfb nkA mfhcl hf ifnA sb, mcrfmfl
zffrv vnCt hf siadvk lCk. (29)
v zKG ufsb, dhhfn jsv, Djfv jsv mcsJ ifE jsv, kfv iv zfmt jsv
hQ kf iayfv jsv. Jtfn, Hd W zfbcoskAv nfsK kf nkAfb jsv hQ
iaskAj ofqvfr ifnAsj zDjfv W dmKAffb jsv.
kfWrDl (jkhfl) mcndtsmv zfnt LmG, LsmGv mCt dHd. pf bf Kfjst sjfb
() sJA sp, jstmfv zKG zffr hAkDk sjfb wfnj hf jcmjkGf sb jvf db}nslsr

Hct, pf dbYj vfubDdk lxdHdsk jvf rsq Kfsj. zhwA `ifnA' tfr hf mfhcslv sp hAfij
zKG kfv msLA wfnjW isV dj tfr-v zsKG sjht wfnj hf jcmjkGf dbdlG jsv hAfijkf
b zKhf oc jvf ShL bq.

kfWrDl

94

zfmstv Ov dbmGfB rsk ifsv bf. (jc} 25/23, 39/65)

mfbcsNv iajdx k hQ mfbcN nxdv sswAv mCst vsqsY kfWrDl, zffrsj
j ufbf, jmf k]fv hflk W zfvfLbf jvf, k]fv zfbcokA jvf W k]fv
dbje zfknmiGB jvf hQ kf]v dbslGwmk uDhb idvyftbf jvf. (jc} 51/56)
kfWrDl iayfsvv sswA zffr pcso pcso zfdqf W vnCtoBsj ixdKhDv
mfbh-lfbshv jfsY siavB jsvsYb. k]fvf hhvhfl W ofqvfrhflsj zisbflb
jsv sjhvhfslv ikfjf sftb jsv sosYb. iaskAj nkAfwaqD mrficvN wcLc
j zffrv ifnbfv dbslGw W dw[f dlsqsYb. (jc} 21/25)
kfWrDl kfv dhhfnD W zbcofmDsj h ifsiv wfd sKsj dbjdx k slq.
zfv ifi nfLfvBk} dkb iajfsvv rsq Kfsj }1- zdk mrfifi (zfjhfvt jfhfsqv), spmb dwjG, kfWrDlhflD bf rWqf,
jcIvD, spmb mcrfmfl -sj bhD hst zDjfv jvf, jcvzfbsj zffrv hfBD
hst Djfv bf jvf. dIdvfsj zdhhfn jvf, HfoA zDjfv jvf kAfdl.
2- mrfifi (jfhDvf sofbfr) spmb, hAdHyfv jvf, rkAf jvf, ycdv jvf, dmKAf htf
kAfdl -pfv iv wvqD l dbLGfvB hf ivjfst wfdv HDdk ialwGb hf zffrv
sfL hf zdHwfi iajfw hf mfb bfw rWqfv jKf hA jvf rsqsY.
3- iifi hf tOcifi (nfoDvf sofbfr) spmb, sp Dstfsjv nfsK dyvksv dhhfr
rfvfm bq kfv iadk (jfmbusv) kfjfsbf hf mcnfIfr W iwG jvf kAfdl.
zmcndtm ntfm oarsBv iCshG pdl zdkmrfifi, dwjG hf jcIvD jsv Kfsj, ksh
mcndtm rWqfv isv kWrDslv ocsB zbAfbA ifinr sn ifiW smfyb rsq pfq.
jfvB, ntfm mfbcNsj bkcb uDhb lfb jsv. (jc} 8/38) dj mcndtm rWqfv iv
pdl kWrDlD msb dwjG jsv hsn ksh sn ifi dhbf kWhfq mfI rhfv bq. zfuDhb
kWhf bf jsv pdl dwsjGv isv kfv mxkcA rq ksh sn dyvfqD slfpJhfnD rsh.
(jc} 5/72) jfvB, zQwDhflDslv zdk mrfifi sjfb dlsbv ubA [mfrG bq. (jc}

4/48)

sp mcndtm dwjG jsv bf, dj mrfifi jsv hsn ksh kWhf jvst mfI rsq
pfq. zfhfv kWhf bf jsv mxkcA rst sn zffrv YfLDsb Kfsj. dkdb Yf jvst
kfsj [mf jvskW ifsvb, zfhfv [mf bf jsv slfpsJ wfd sHfofskW ifsvb.
i[fsv pfvf ifi jsv iayfv hf ohG jsv djQhf iajfwAHfsh ifsi dt rq,
kfslv mrfifi zdLj ocvkv. kfslvsj nrsu [mf jvf rsh bf.
sYfe dwjG; spmb, dvqf (stfj ialwGsbv ubA hflk jvf) kAfdl pdl zi rsq
Kfsj hQ sbjDv Hfo zdLj Kfsj ksh uffkhfnD rsh. dvqf zdLj jsv Kfjst
ufrffmhfnD rsk rsh.
sYfe ifi hf tOcifi zffr uff wfbcr kfWrDslv IpDtsk -mrfifi W zdk
mrfifi sKsj sh]sy Kfjst- soIfv W zbAfbA hflskv jfvsB [mf jsv slb.
dj i]fyde nmsq tOcifiW mrfifsi idvBk rq;
(1) pdl sj kf hfvQhfv hf zhfdvkHfsh jsv.
(2) kfv iadk zhf W ifi jfusj kcYfb jsv sjfb isvfqf bf jsv.
(3) sn ifi jsv msb msb zfbdlk W kx rq.

kfWrDl

95

(4) ubnms[ kf jsv ohGij

a fw jsv hQ hcmrst ifsiv iv
zfkiawQnf jsv.
(5) ifi sjfb zfstm hf zbcnk
x mfbcsNv fvf Ose.
smfe jKf, zdk mrfifiD dyvjft slfpsJ wfd sHfo jvsh. mrfifiD, pfsj
zffr Yf jvst [mf jvshb hQ sn uffkhfnD rsh. bkchf kfv ifi
zbcifsk slfpsJv wfd Hcdosq zbv uffskv wfd lfb jvshb. zfv kf rsh
kfv kfWrDslv ocsB.
mrfifiD, sp jfhDvf sofbfr jsv zKhf sjfb Ivp hf Wqfsuh zfmt kAfo jsv
kfsj Ifsnj htf rq; jfsIv htf pfq bf. ksh pdl sn nhGhfdlnmk mrfifi
(ycdv, hAdHyfv, mlAifb, Ocn hf nCl JfWqf kAfdl) sj rfvfm hf mrfifi susbW
rftft W ShL msb jsv, zKhf sjfb nhGhfdlnmk Ivp hf Wqfsuh zfmtsj
ufbf nsW bjfv hf zDjfv jsv, ksh sn jfsIv. (w} kf} 355)
zhwA bfmfp kAfojfvD nisjG mksHl vsqsY. h tfmfv msk sp bfmfp
Ivp susbW kAfo jsv, bjfv bf jvstW sn jfsIv. (zf}lf} 4678, dk}2529, }mf}

1078)

mfsbv sjfb vjXb zffrv (ndEjvsi iamfdBk) sjfb bfm hf ocB kAfdlsj
sn zDjfv jsv sn jfsIv. pfvf jfsIv hst iamfdBk W idvdyk kfslvsj sp
jfsIv msb bf jsv zKhf nslr jsv snW jfsIv. (mc} 60)
Ifsnj sofbfsrv wfd sHfofv iv kfWrDslv IpDtsk uffkhfnD rsh.
zffrv Yf rst kfv wfd mjchW jvsk ifsvb. dj jfsIv W mcwdvj
dyvfqD slfpJhfnD rsh.
Ifsnj mfsmv diYsb mcndtm bfmfp isV (bfmfp rsq pfq, dj Ifsnjsj
mfm dbhGfyb jvf dEj bq) hQ kfv mxkcAv iv kfv sofnt jfIbW jsv, kfv
ubA ufbfpf isV W lczf jsv hQ mcntmfbslv jvfsb kfsj lfIb jsv.
dj dwsjG zfjhfsvv mcwdvj hQ jfsIv, pfvf Dsb ntfm sKsj Jfdvu W
mcvkflX (LmGkAfoD) rsq pfq kfv ubA (hQ ndEj msk shbfmfpDv ubAW mcndtm
ufbfpf iVsk hf lczf jvsk ifsv bf. (jc} 9/113) mcntmfbslv sofvfsb
kfslv lfIb jvfW pfq bf. kfv mcndtm (kfWrDlhflD) nfb kfv vfdLjfvDW
rq bf. spmb, sn kfv kfWrDlhflD dikfv vfdLjfvD rq bf. (hc} 1588, mc}

1614)

kfv uDhsb mcndtm kfv pshrjxk iwcv mfQnW Jfq bf. sjfb kfWrDhflD bfvDv
nfsK kfv dhhfrW rq bf. dhhfr rsq Kfjst kftfj rsq pfq. (jc} 60/10,

2/221)

ntfmD nQdhLfsb kfslv wfd mxkcAl. zhwA pdl sn kWhf jsv ksh kf
mcv rq.
fkshAv dhNq sp, ntfmD sjfb hV wfd zivfLDsj sjhtmf wfnj sofD
dlsk ifsv (pfsk ef dIkbfv nxd bf rq kf). kfYfVf sYfeJfsef wfd skf
zhwA dlsk ifsv.
sp sYfe dwjG, sjfb fsKGv Jfdksv hfdrAjHfsh ntfmD zfmt jsv, mcsJ pf hst

kfWrDl

96

zsv kfv dhivDk Kfsj, isv isv ntfsmv uqofb ofq dj dHksv kfv
ivfusqv zfwf vfsJ- sn mcbfdIj. mcbfdIsjv iakAqok B rt } vnCt W k]fv
zfbDk wvDqksj dmKAf ufbf zKhf kfv iadk dhsN sifNB jvf, wvDqskv
ivfusq msb msb zfbl W dhusq mb}j shfL jvf.
v jmGok B rt } jKfq jKfq dmKAf htf, iadkwadk H jvf, zfmfbk b
jvf, dhhfsl zwDt hjf kAfdl. (hc} 33, mc} 59)
mcndtm spsrkc kfv zsvv Jhv ndEj dbBGq jvsk ifsv bf, kf kfv hfdrAj
vi slsJ kfv nfsK mcndtsmv mk hAhrfv jsv, spmb Ifsnsjv nfsK jsv.
(I}} 1/518) zfhfv pfvf hfrAk} mcndtm pfslv zsv jstmf fb ifqdb,
zKy mcsJ jstmf isV dj kfv zsKG dhwfn sb. zfhfv sjfb jce sswA
ntfmD zfmt hfdrAjHfsh jsv Kfsj, ksh sn jfsIv. mcndtm kfv ubAW lczf W
soIfv jsv bf hQ ufbfpf isV bf. (jc} 9/84)
pdl jfsj sufviChj
G jcIvD zKhf dwsjGv iv muhcv jvf rq, kfrst pdl
kfsk sn mcsJ W zsv nmk W vfuD rsq pfq ksh sn mcvkflX W jfsIv. dj
rkAf hf j W dbiDVb sKsj h]fyfv ubA pdl sn wcLcmf mcsJ hfdrAjHfsh nmk
rq hQ zv zffrv mfb W Hdsj idviCBG W zdhydtk Kfsj, kfrst sn
jfsIv rsh bf. (jc} 16/106)
pdl hfdrAj W zfdvjHfshW nmk bf rsq SLpG LfvB jsv hQ jcIvDv jfsY
bdk Djfv bf jsv ksh kfW ShL. ksh pdl kfv hfrAk} muhcvDv jcIvDsk Dsbv
sjfb [dk bf rq, hvQ uDdhk Kfjf sjfbW mtlfqj rq, ksh zsv mfb oc
svsJ hfdrAjHfsh nmk rWqf Hfstf. dj pdl kfv nmdk hQ zSLspG
ntfsmv [dk rq, kfrst Jcb rsq sostW nhv jvf hQ jcIvDv jfsY bdk
Djfv bf jvf Wqfsuh. (I} } 2/35)

ddbbddllG G hhAAddvv u
ubbAA mmdc dc vv llffhhDD
mcndtm sjfb dbdlG hAdv ubA dbyqkf dlsk ifsv bf sp, sn uffkD zKhf
ufrffmD, djQhf wrDl, zKhf mvm, zKhf mfoIcv.
htsk ifsv, `sp zffrsj j mf'hcl susb (dwjG bf jsv) hflk jvsh sn
uffkD.' dj `zmcj hflk jsv zkh sn uffkD' -kf htsk ifsv bf.
jfvB, rsk ifsv sn hflskv mfsU mb sjfb jfu (spmb dvqf) jsv hsnsY,
pfsk sn uffk spsk ifvsh bf.
skmdb htsk ifsv, `sp zffrv bf-IvmfbD jvsh sn ufrffmD.' dj `zmcj
zffrv bfIvmfbD jsv kf sn ufrffmD'-kf htsk ifsv bf. jfvB, zffr k]fv
dbu lqfq kfsj [mf jsv dlsk ifsvb. zKhf sn kWhf jvsk ifsv.(zf}lf}

4901)

kfWrDl

97

skmdb htf pfq, `sp zffrv isK pc jsv iafB rfvfq sn wrDl.' (30) dj
sjfb dbdlG hAd sp durfsl iafB slq, kfsj wrDl htf pfq bf. jfvB, kfv
durfsl dbqk dj dYt sn skf zffr ufsbb. (mc} zf} hc} 2898, mc} 114)
klbcvi mvm W mfoIcv sj, kf jmf zffr ufsbb. ksh zsbsjv msk
wrDl, mvm hf moIcv sjfb dbdlG mxk hAdv ubA hfdrAjHfsh zfwf, jfmbf
zKhf lczfv zsKG hAhrfv jvf spsk ifsv. (I} } 3/135)
dj v ubA nftfID lczf spmb, `vfdrmffr, vfrmfkcfdr zftfdr,
ofIfvff tfr' kAfdl hAhrfv jvf dEj. (31)
i[fsv bhD jvDm
pfsj ufrffmD zKhf uffkD (spmb, zfwfvfr
mchfwXwfvfr) hf wrDl hst dbdlG jsvsYb, mcndtm kfslvsj ncdbdykHfsh kf
msb jsv. (mc} zf} 2/49) jfvB dkdb zffr vct zftfmDsbv kvI sKsj zrD
mfvIk Jhv dlsqsYb.
zffrv siadvk zfdqf sjvfmosBv ubAW mcndtm uffkD hst ncdbdyk
dhhfn vfsJ.
skmdb mcdmbosBv sjfb mcdmsbv sbj jfsuv sJ jsv iawQnf zKhf jfsIsvv
ml jfsuv sJ jsv lcbfG m jsv (hQ kf uffk W ufrffsmv nf[Dvi rq)
ksh sn mcdmbsj uffkD hQ sn jfsIvsj ufrffmD hst mfbf spsk ifsv. (hc}

1367, mc} 949, mc} zf} 3/416, } mf} 4221, w} kf} 426)

klbcvi sjhtmf nslr W LfvBf jsv mcndtm jfsj jfsIv, mcwdvj, hf

mcbfdIj htsk ifsv bf. pk[B ipG bf kfv jcIXv, dwjG hf dbIfj ivsi
iajfdwk W ndEjvsi iamfdBk rsqsY. (jc} 17/11-12)

k
kW
Whhff
mfbcNsj mb iajdx k dlsq nxd jvf rsqsY sp, kfv fvf Hct-fd W ifi rWqf
fHfdhj. spsrkc ifsi kfv dbu Jdkqfv Kfsj, kf kfv iadkIt W nfuf
kfsj Hcosk rq. ksh zffr hV lqfhfb [mfwDt. hflf kfv ifsiv [mf k]fv
jfsY yfst dkdb [mf jsv slb. (jc} 4/110) hvQ hflfv [mf iafKGbfq dkdb

) fkhA sp, pfvf zfkDq nislv iadkv[fq, djQhf sisev svfso, ifdbsk Fcsh zKhf

zfocsb icsV, mfde yfif isV, nfb ianh jvsk dosq, de-dh, sio W icdvnD svfso mxkcAhvB jsv
kfslvsjW wrDl htf rsqsY. ksh dbdlGHfsh bq.
() iank} sJA sp, `nfff zftfdr znffm' ( ), zdLjfQw tfmf swN bhDv ubA
hAhrfv jsvb. dj zbAfbA zfdqfosBv iv lvl W nftfm iVfv nmqW kf hAhrfv jvf pfq.
skmdb `vfdpqffr zfb' ( ) nfrfhDosBv s[s zfv `vfdrmffr' kfshqD hf ivhkGD sjfb
ntsIv ubA hAhrk. iv `vfdpqffr zfb' sjfb kfshqD hf ivhkDG sjfb ntsIv ubA hAhrfv
sjfb [dkv bq. ksh iasqfo dH vjm rst znfrfhDsj nfrfhD hst m rq bf.

kfWrDl

98

JcwD rb. (mc} 2744)

dj k]fv [mf ifWqf hf kWhf jhct rWqfv jsqjde iChwG kG vsqsY }1.
ifi hf zivfL Djfv jvf.
2.
dhwc zv dbsq k]fv sswA k]fv dbje [mf iafKGbf jvf. (jc}

3/135)

3.
jxk ifsiv iv tdk W zbck rWqf.
4.
sn ifisj niCBvG si huGb jvf.
icbhGfv sn ifi bf jvfv lxP ni jvf. (jc} 3/135)
5.
6.
kWhfv dbLGfdvk nmsq kWhf jvf. zKGf{ mxkcA idk rWqfv iCshG hQ
idym dlj rsk nCspGflsqv iChG mcrCskG kWhf jvf. (jc} 6/158)
zfhfv ifi pdl hflfv rs (sjfb mfbcsNv zdLjfsv) rsq Kfsj spmb, ycdv,
rkAf, htf{jfv, ivyyGf hf ofdt kAfdl, kfrst ipGc wkGfhtD YfVfW zfsvf
jde wkG iCvB rsk rsh. zfv kf sp, ycdvv dudbn kfv mfdtjsj sp sjfb
iajfsv sIv{ ifEfsk rsh. jfsvf udm bf rj dtdJsq dbst zKhf uhv-lJt jsv
Kfjst kf mfdtjsj sIv{ dlsk rsh. zbAfbA s[s pfv zdLjfsv zivfL jsvsY
kfv dbje zfso [mf yfsk rsh.
dbsmf dhdH srkcsk dhdH ifi [q rsq Kfsj hQ ufrffm sKsj mcd tfH
rq}
1. ifi sKsj kWhf jvst. (jc} 2/160, 19/60, 25/70)
2. soIfv jvst. (kWhfv iafq nmfKGshfLj w)
3. sbjD, icBA hf Hfstf jfu jvst. (jc} 11/115)
4. zncJ, mnDhk hf sjfb dhisl iVst. (hc} 5648, mc} 2572)
5. mvsBv iv, zfkDq-ub hf sjfb mcndtsmv lczf W soIfsv.
6. jhsvv zfpfsh.
7. kfv bfsm sj nlXjf hf r jvst.
8. djqfmskv jdEb nQjsev dhdH j sHfso.
9. ictdnvfk ifv rst. (hc} 2440. mc} zf} 3/13)
10. jfsvf ncifdvw hf wfIfqfsk.
11. jvBfmq zffrv vrmsk. (jc} 4/48, w} kf} 367)

hhffllk
k hhff z
zffmmt
t
hflfv iaskAj oc W iajfwA jKf W jfu pf zffr iYl jsvb W pfsk n
rb kf jvf hQ pf ziYl jsvb W pfsk zn rb kf bf jvfv bfm hflk.
zffr kfzftf dub W bnfbsj wcLcmf k]fv hflskv ubA nxd jsvsYb.
(jc} 51/56) hflk zsv, vnbfq hQ zbAfbA z-iakA fvfq if]yde
dhdLdbqsm ni rsq Kfsj }
1.
Ivp hf Wqfduh } pf zhwA jvBDq W zidvrfpG; pf kAfo jvst wfd rq.

kfWrDl

99

nck (32) W mcf rfh } pf jvst icBA rq, bf jvst ifi hf wfd rq bf.
mchfr } pf jvf , bf jvf Hq nmfb. pfsk ifi-icBA sb.
mjvr } pf bf jvst icBA rq hQ jvst ifi W wfd rq bf.
rfvfm } pf zhwA zjvBDq W idvrfpG. jvst ifi W wfd rq.
hflk mcv W mjhct rhfv lcde wkG vsqsY } (33)
1. zffrv iv iCBG mfb W Jtfn. zKGf{ k]fsj kf]v nxd W iadkiftsb k]fv
bfm W BfhtDsk hQ hflk W ifnbfq j hst mfbf hQ dhNsq k]fv
sjfb zQwD bf jvf. wcLcmf kf]v kcd dhLfsbv ubA hflk jvf. zkh pdl
sj t[ efjf lfb jsv, dj zffr zfsY hst dhhfn bf jsv zKhf jfsj k]fv
wvDj mfsb zKhf mfbcsNv jfsY ncbfm W iawQnf sbhfv sswA lfb jsv, kfrst
sn hflk (lfb) mjhct hf oarBDq bq. (jc} 18/110)
2. zffrv vnCt -v zbcjvB W zbcnvB. zKGf{ dkdb sp dbqsm W nmsq sp
hflk jsv sosYb hf dwdJsq sosYb dEj sn dbqmfbcpfqD rsk rsh. zkh
sj pdl dH idksk (zKhf dltjfhfq) bfmfp isV, zKhf lc dnulfv fsb
j hf dkb dnulf jsv, zKhf j bfmfspv nmq zbA bfmfp djQhf znmsq isV,
ksh sn hflkW (bfmfp) mjhct bq; hQ klbcvi njt hflk.
mCtk} hflk dbdN. pk[B ipG bf wvDqskv sjfb dbslGw hf nmdk ifWqf
pfq, kk[B ipG sjfb hflk jvf pfq bf. jvst kf dhlzfk hst oBA rq.
dj JfslA W sthfsn mCtk} nh ShL. pk[B ipG bf kfv zShLkf hf rfvfm
rWqfv ians sjfb dhdLdbsNL ifWqf pfq. kf hflk jvfv ubA iaKsm kfv
dbHGvspfoA ltDt yf. ltDt bf Kfjst sp sjfbW hflk dbdN. dj JfWqf W
ivf kAfdlsk sjfb ltDstv iasqfub sb. zhwA kf zShL hf rfvfm mfbfv nmq
ltDt jf uvvD.
mcndtm zffrv hflk jsv kf]v iadk siam, Hd, Hq W zfwf svsJ. sjhtmf
(k]fsj) Hfstfshsn W Hd jsv hf sjhtmf (k]fsj hf ufrffmsj) Hq jsv
zKhf wcLcmf (k]fv vrmk, [mf hf uffskv) zfwf svsJ k]fv hflk jsv bf.
hvQ nm ocBsj zsv svsJ k]fv hflk jsv. (jc} 7/56, 32/16)
nckvfQ hflskv vjXb yfvde } siam hf Hd, dhbdk W dmbdk, Hq W HDvkf hQ
zfwf W zfjf[f. yfvde vjXbsj zsv fb bf dlsq sjfb hflk jvst kf
wc rq bf.
mcndtsmv zfmst nfstr, sbjjfm hf Hfstf jfusj kJb nfstr, sbj, n{ hf
Hfstf htf rsh pJb kfsk ipGc hflskv lcde wkG iCvB rsh. iaKmk} Jtfn,
dhwc zv hf dbqk dEj vfJf. hQ dkDqk} wvDqk (mcrfmflD kvDjf)
zbcpfqD rWqf. zkh pdl sjfb jfu zffrv nd tfsHv sswA bf rq,
ncbfm ncJAfdk, pw, fKG, stfjialwGb, dydhsbflb, (ihGfdlsk) zfbltfsHv

2.
3.
4.
5.

() idvHfNfde IjDrosBv dbje, mcrfsnDbslv dbjse ncfk hf ncfr, vnCtcfr

iaskAj jmG, hfBD, zbcmdk W zflwGsj hst. pf IvpW rsk ifsv hQ mcf rfhW.
() hflskv ubA idhfdlv wkG zfrjfsmv djkfsh lahA.

kfWrDl

100

sswA rq, zKhf sn jfu pdl wvDqkD dbqm mfdIj bf rq, kfrst kfsj sbj
zfmt hf Hfstf jfu htf rsh bf. mfbcsNv lxdsk Hfstf rstW zffrv dbje kf
Hfstf bq. spmb, bfmfp iVf nhfv lxdsk Jch Hfstf jfu. dj bfmfp pdl ncbfm
sbhfv sswA djQhf sjfb fKG tfsHv sswA (spmb, bfmfp Lsv dhhfsrv
sswA djQhf bfmfpD mdbshv ncldx hf zbcora ifhfv zfwfq, djQhf sjfb sbkxk
tfsHv zfwfq iaHdx k) zKhf bfmfp pdl dydhsbflsbv sswA (sjht slv
dlsb) rq, zKhf zidh fsb zKhf sofvfsb iVf rq, zKhf lcsqv fsb dkb
zKhf dhivDk zKhf vjc dnulf jm jsv zKhf shwD jsv zKhf sjhfsv
(wd Kfjf nsW) bf jsv `dlt-jfhf'q bfmfp iVf rq, kfrst db}nslsr sn
bfmfpsj Hfstf jfu hf sbj zfmt htf pfsh bf. Lvsbv zfmstv hltf zffr
lcdbqfsk ialfb jsv Kfsjb. (jc} 11/15)
klbcvi nfstr, sbj, n{ hf Hfstf stfj sn, sp sdJk lc wkG dHdj
zfmt hf jmG jsv Kfsj.
mcdmb zffrv kcd dhLfb YfVf zbA sjfb sswA sjfb hflk jsv bf. jfvB,
sn hflk dwsjG zfnov (sYfe dwsjG) idvBk rq. (jc} 98/5,mc} 2985)
DbD tXm dw[f jsv zffrv pKfKG hflk jvfv ts[A. iK mfbcNsj ndEj
iK ialwGsbv ubA, Db iayfsvv ubA. dbu sjfb fKG, ifdKGh nil, JAfdk hf pw
zuGsbv ubA bq. (zf} lf} 3664, } mf} 252, mc} zf} 2/338)
mcndtsmv zfnt t[A ivstfsj wfd W ncJ isHfo jvf. rstfsj sn rfvt
djQhf dukt; dj ivstfj kfsj duksk rsh. rstfj sjht kfv it[A
mf. (jc} 4/47) ivstfsjv ncJ It {iflsbv s[ mf. (dk} 2191)
kf mcndtm j'dlsbv ifdKGh uDhb W kfv nfu-nvfsm shwD mfKf Ofmfq bf.
Hfsh wcLc dyvfqD zfsJvfskv jKf. ksh ixdKhDsk mfKf ]yc jsv h]fysk zhwA
dwsJ. zffrv lDb iadkf jvsk lcdbqf hAhrfv jsv. zfhfv ifdKGh ncJ nsHfo
sKsjW dbsusj hdk jsv bf. (jc} 28/77)
ksh Db Hcst dhtfsn m rq bf. lcdbqfsj zfsJvfskv ubA hAhrfv jsv dj
zfsJvfksj (Dbsj) lcdbqfv ubA sjfbsm hAhrfv jsv bf. sp ifdKGh uDhb W
kfv snZlpG yfq kfsj kf ialfb jvf rq; dj kfv ubA ivjfstv sjfb zQw
Kfsj bf. (jc} 11/15-16)
2q zLAfq

ddw
wj
jG G
dwjG zKGf{ zQw jvf hf wvDj jvf. ntfsm dwjG htf rq } zffrv nf, bfm W
ocBfhtD (sp zsKG sjht kfv ubA hAhrk) zKhf k]fv zdLjfv W hflsk
jfsj wvDj jvf.

kfWrDl

101

1. nfq jfsj dwjG jvfv zKG } zffrsj jfsvf sKsj zKhf jfsj zffr
sKsj {id mfbf. jfsj zffrv dikf, ic, jbA hf fdk mfbf.
zKhf k]fv uo{ nxdsk, k]fv dbqB W idvyftbfq, vdulfb, mcdlfb W
zbAfbA lfsb jfsj wvDj, nrfqj hf nfrfpAjfvD, nmj[ hf nmkct mfbf. spmb
Jxfbslv dwjG } rpvk nfsj zffrv ic, wvDj W zffr mfbf. muCnDslv
dwjGg} suAfdksj sv hQ kmnsj zdbsv mfdtj mfbf. mcndtmslv (?) dwjGg}
djYc dIdvf, dub hf zfWdtqfsj dhifvB W lfkf mfbf. zbAfbAslv } j j
dhNsqv j j iaHc hf mfdtj sjfb nxdsj dbhGfdyk jvf.
zKhf k]fv jmGsj zDjfv jvf, k]fv zdks j zDjfv jvf, bfdjA,
iajdx khfl, uVhfl, zSkhfl, nshGwv hfl, jfkhfl kAfdl.
zKhf k]fv bfm W BfhtDsj zDjfv jvf- nfq dwjG. zfv nfq dwjG
nhfv sysq mfvfkj.
2. k]fv bfm W BfhtDsk dwjG } zKGf{, sp nm bfm W BfhtD zffr
kfzftfv ubA dbdlG spmb, nhGswafkf, nhGla f, zpfG mD, ivm lqftc, mrflfkf,
iaht ivfmwftD, nhG iaHdx k, sp zsKG k]fv ubA hAhrk rsqsY kfsk zbA
jfsj wvDj jvf. k]fv sjfb ocBsj nxdv ocsBv nfsK kctbf jvf. spmb, jfsj
zpfG mD hf ofqshv Jhv ufsb hst dhwfn jvf zKhf jfsj nfb dlsk ifsv,
dhil lCv jvsk ifsv hst msb jvf.
zKhf k]fv rfk if y[c kAfdl zfmfslv mk hf jfsvf mk msb jvf. zKhf k]fv
bfmfhtDsj Lfkc hfdbsq kf sKsj hfdkt ifsnAv bfm {id jvf. spmb, zfpDp
sKsj pXpf, mffb sKsj mfbfk kAfdl. sp ocB zffrv ubA sp zsKG hAhrk sn
ocB pJb sjfb nxdv ubA hAhrfv jvf rq, kJb sn zKG zfv Kfsj bf. zkh
zffrv slJf zfv mfbcsNv slJf, zffrv swfbf, htf, ufbf, rfk-if, y[c hQ
mfbcsNv swfbf, htf, ufbf, rfk-if y[cv msLA sjfb kctbf sb, sjfb dmt sb.
nflxwA sb. zffrv ocdt ocB. dj mfbcsNv ocdt ocB rstW kf zffrv nx.
zffrv bfm `zft-zfpDp, zft-vfI, zft-vfrDm' kAfdl. sjfb mfbcNW
zfpDp, vfI hf vfrDm kAfdl rsk ifsv. dj lc zfpDspv zKG zfifklxdsk
j rstW Hsqv mfsU dhvfe ifKGjA. sn zfpDp zfpDp bq, pdl sj j msb
jsv ksh sn mcwdvj. dhNsq zfsvf djYc jKf pKffsb hdBGk rsqsY.
zffrv zdLjfv W hflsk dwjG jvfv zKG } zffrv pfhkDq ocsBv sp lfhD
hQ sn zbcpfqD k]fv sp zdLjfv kfsk jfsj wvDj hf zQwD fib jvf.
zffr nh djYcv nxubjkGf. dpdb nh djYc nxub jsvsYb kf]sj uoskv
dbqf, idvyftj. dbqfmj, dhLfbjkGf hQ wfnj rWqf dyk. zfv dpdb k
djYc ocsBv zdLjfvD, dkdb rshb nhGij
a fv zfvfLbf, ifnbf, hflk hf hsloDv
zdLjfvD. nfhGsHZm zdLjfsv jfsj wvDj jvst hflsk dwjG rq.
zkh jfsvf ubA bfmfp, dnulf, jcvhfbD jvf, jfsvf bfsm bpv mfbf, jfsvf
jfsY lczf hf iafKGbf jvf, ncifdvw yfWqf, jfsj Hq jvf -spmb zffrsj jvf
rq, Hfstfhfnf -spmb zffrsj hfnf rq, jfsvf jfsY zfwf vfJf -spmb k]fv jfsY
vfJf rq, kAfdl hflsk dwjG.

kfWrDl

102

dwjG ufsrdtqfskv dwjG. ntfm-iaffst mfhfnDvf dwjG jvk. pfsj

dwsjG zfjhfv hf hV dwjG htf rsqsY. jfstv jhcvDslv dwjG dwjG. pfv jKf
pKffsb zfstfdyk rsqsY.
kAkDk djYc sYfe dwjGW vsqsY, pf sbjjfv isvsrpofv hf n{stfjslv
fvfq rWqfv nHfhbf shwD. hflkjfvD pdl hflskv iaKm wkG zKGf{ Jtfn
rfdvsq sIst, kfrst dwjG rq. zkh stfj ialwGb (dvqf), jfsvf mb v[f,
msbfvb, mbd hf dyfjNGsBv sswA zKhf sjfb fsKGffv, nil, nmfb,
iawQnf hf iltfsHv ubA zffrv hflk jvf, klbcvi sdJk sjfb jfvsB
hflk kAfo jvf, spmb Effv Hsq lfVD bf vfJf, bfvDslvsj ilGfbwDb hf
shfvjfhxk bf jvf kAfdl sYfe dwjG. (34)
jKfq dwjG sYfe dwjG. spmb, zffr YfVf zfv jfsvf bfsm jnm JfWqf. `zffr
zfv skfmfv Hvnf' zKhf vi sjfb jKf htf sYfe dwjG. zfhfv iaskAj sYfe
dwjG zsvv dhwfsnv ofPkf zbcpfqD hV dwjGW rsk ifsv. jKfW pKffsb
zfstfdyk rsqsY.
iahdx iCuf hf msbv hflk } zffr uDhb lfb jsvsYb, iahdx hQ mbW
dkdb nxd jsvsYb. iahdx W mb pdl kfv Jfdtj W mfdtsjv zbcok bf rq,
zbA jKfq mfbcN pdl kfv iahdx W msbv hwhkGD rq, zffrv zbcwfnsbv shVf
dFdsq pdl sn mb W iahdx v Ffsj nfVf slq hQ mb spmb hst skmdb yst,
zKy ytf dyk dYt, spmb kfv nxdjkGf hstb. mb pf rftft W ShL Hfsh, kf
Jfq W jsv hQ pf rfvfm W zShL (zvdyjv) Hfsh, kf Jfq bf hf jsv bf.
kfrst mb W iahdx sj zffrv zfnsb hnfsbf rq hQ dbu jfmbf-hfnbfsj
ifnAvsi oarB jvf rq. (jc} 25/43, 45/23)
zbcvHfsh dbsuv ncJ-wfd hQ niltfsHv jfvB dbsusj msb jvf hpG
W iadkidsj dbu syf, idvwam, iaqfn W nfLbfv It msb jvf dbsuv iCuf hf
zfkiCuf rq. jfvB, nshv lfkf jmf zffr. dj kfsj kf bf smsb
dbsuv syf W idvwamsj lfkf msb jvst kf dwsjGv zHGc rq. klbcvi Lbnid W efjf-iqnfsj zdkdv Hfstfhfnf, kfsj nhGwdmfb W nhGncsJv mCt
Hfhf, `zsKG nfKGjkf bst isv hAKGkf' msb jvf hf zKGsj nhdjYc Hfhf zKGg
stfHDslv dwjGg. jfvB nhGwdmfb skf zffr. (hc} 2886)
mdbHfsh wqkfb, pflcjv, oBj, dbdmGk iadkmf, dydk mCdkG, jhv, dIvfbD hf
bmvlD wfnj, zffrv isK hfLf lfbjfvD sbkf, zffrslafrD wd hf iadkfb,
mfbcsNv mboVf jfbcb, ofsqv tfrD zflftk, j jKfq nxdjkGf zffr hAkDk
sjfbW nxdv zfbcokA W iCuf kfoCskv iCuf. zbcviHfsh ofqhD hf HdhNA{
Jhsvv lfhDlfv hAd, wvDqk dhsvfLD zfstm, iDv hf hcpcoG hQ sn njt
iCuAmfb hAd pfvf iCufq kc rq, kfvfW kfoCskv msLA oBA.
() zbcviHfsh sjfb fsKG stfj (hf sjht fmD hf wvhfdVv stfjsj) slJfhfv sswA,

jfsvf Hsq hf iadkswfLmCtj (spmb pfsql kfv Dsj wvqD ilGf jsv. Jfstl pfsqslv Dsj slJsk
ifqbf hst snW kfv Dsj wcLcmf pfsql sKsj ilGf jsv, vi) sswA ilGf jvf dvqfW sYfe
dwsjGv ipGfqHc. Lvsbv dwjGsj dbqskv dwjG htf rq.

kfWrDl

103

kfoCksj zDjfv W idvrfv jvsk mcdmb zfdl rsqsY hQ w rfkt;

jmf zffrsj Djfv hQ k]fv ifnbf jvfv ijvB LfvB jvsk hQ
k]fv sjfb zdLjfv b bf jvsk idl rsqsY. (jc} 2/256, 4/60, 16/36)
sn mfbcN hV zflwG W ydvhfb sp zisvv rj hf zdLjfsvv iCBG sJqft vfsJ.
Ov-iv sYfe-hV njstv rj pKfpKHfsh zflfq jv. dj sp zisvv zdLjfv
zflfq jsv bf hf rjsj bf rj jsv, kfsj nmfu pfstm hf zkAfyfvD hst. zfv
rj mfvfsj pctcm hst.
pk vjsmv zdLjfv mfbcsNv ufbf kmsLA nhsysq hV zdLjfv k]fv dpdb
mfbcNsj uDhb lfb jsv uDhb LfvsBv ijvB ialfb jsvsYb. kf k]fv zdLjfv
sp dhb jsv sn nxdv nhsysq hV pfstm. k]fv rj k]fsj jmf ifnA mfbf.
(hc} 7373, mc} 30) dj k]fv ifnbfq hf hflsk zbA sjfb bhD, ztD, dIdvf,
dub, jhv, mfde hf ifKvsj wvDj hfdbsq mfbcN sp zbAfq W pctcm jsv kfv sysq
hV pctcm zfv djYc sb. zffr ifj stfjmfb rfjDsmv d k]fv jftfsm hstb,
dbyq dwjG hV pctcm.(yvm zbAfq W nDmftQOb.) (jc} 31/13)
dwjG uObAkm zivfL. ubA kfsj ` zfjhfvt jfhfsqv' hf hxrm ifi
htf rsqsY. (jc} 4/48, hc} 5976) jfvB, kf zffrv zdLjfsv zbcdyk zijmG
jvf. pfsk ifiDv iahdx ok sjfb tfHW rq bf.
ifi k dbjx mrfifi sp, zffr ifj kf sjfb dlb (dhbf kWhfq) [mf
jvshb bf. dj YfVf zbAfbA ifsi pfsj Yf [mf jvshb. zfv sp sj
ifsi dt rq sn HDNBHfsh iK rq. (jc} 4/116)
jub ncvdywDt icvN spmb kfv ikDv dhdH zivfL (spmb kfv dhbf
zbcmdksk hfsv pfWqf hf jfsj djYc slWqf, kfv dJlmsk zhsrtf jvf,
nQnfsv syfJ-jfb bf jvf kAfdl de [mf jvsk ifsv, dj kfv idh dhhfr
hsb sKsj kfv idh siasm sjfb ivicvNsj zQwD jvst kf sjfb dlb nrA W
[mf jvsk ifsv bf. klbcvi idh zffr hflfv zbAfbA ifi [mf jvstW
k]fv nf, ocBfhtD hf hflsk jfsj wvDj jvfv mk ifi [mf jsvb bf.
hAdHyfv dwsjGv mk kk hV ifi bf rstW ydvok j mrfifi hse. sn
ubA sjfb (ydvhfb) mcdmb (sp dwjG jsv bf sn) sjfb hAdHyfdvBD bfvDsj
yfstW dhhfr jvsk ifsv bf. jfvB, mcdmb yfdvdj idh, dj hAdHyfdvBD
zidhf. vjm hAdHyfdvBDsj sjfb hAdHyfvD zKhf mcwdvj dhhfr jvsk
ifsv. (jc} 24/3) jfvB, mcwdvjW zidh. (jc} 9/28) kf f hAdHyfdvBD
zbAfnf Dv ubA iK W zidh mcwdvj ipc. Hsqv msLA sbrfk
yfdvdj nfmsnAv ubA lcusbv mfsU spfonC fib jvsk htf rsqsY.
hAdHyfdvBD bfvD idh dhhfr hsbv mfsU dbsusj jub icvsNv rfsk nmdiGk
jsv. kfsj dbsuv spZhb W skv mfdtj hfbfq. kfv dbje rsk sJfvsifw
hQ zbAfbA zdLjfv zuGb jsv. kf nsW kfv nkDsk W idh siasm ziv
sjfb icvNsj zQwD jsv. idkv sJsq iidkv ocB ofq. jcthLCv shsw jctefv
bAfq jfdLj icvNsj dbsuv spZhb W siasmv mfdtj hfbfq.
dEj ki jde mcwdvsjv zhf. sn zffrsj vh hf iadkiftj, nxdjkGf W
dhLfkf hst Djfv jsv. `hftf' hst k]fv iaHck smsb dbsq jmf k]fv

kfWrDl

104

hflskv iv zDjfvh rq. k]fv slWqf hfnfsb Kfsj, Jfq k]fv lfb jvf
vuD sKsj, k]fv slWqf ifdb ifb jsv. k]fv slWqf jfiV idvLfb jsv, j jKfq
nhdjYc sn k]fv zbcosa r tfH jsv Kfsj. klnsW hflk, ifnbf, nvB sn
zbA jfsvf jsv, ocBofb zfv jfsvf ofq, zisvv siasm zv Hsv. jfdLj
mf'hclsj k]fv hflskv mfdtj hfbfq. ixdKhDsk lc dhhfnOfkjkf hV bpDv
dhrDb.
dhhfnOfdkbD hf jctef spmb nmfsu OxBfil rq hQ kfv sjfb nlXocB
KfjstW kf LCdtnf{ rsq pfq hQ sn ocsBv iadk sj lxjifk jsv bf. skmdb
mcwdvsjv zbAfbA n{jfpG KfjstW kf dbIt W hfdkt hst dhshdyk rq. (jc}
6/88, 39/65) lcs sofmC iVfv mk dwjG kfv nm sbj zfmtsj b jsv
sIst.
khV mrf zivfLDv ubA nmfsuW wfd zfsY. zffr ifsjv dbjse
zmfuGbDq zivfsLv hltf zfocsbv hfnfb hQ kfv ubA dyv dlsbv mk uffk
rfvfm. (jc} 5/72) mb mrfifiD sKsj zffr k]fv nm nijG dY jsvb. (jc}
9/3) hQ kfv zfmt nr kfsj huGb jsvb. (mc} 2985)
mcwdvj dwsjGv Ist wqkfbsj dbsuv zdHHfhjvsi oarB jsv hQ kfv iv
wqkfsbv niCBG zfdLikA rq. (jc} 16/100) wqkfb mcdmsbv dyv lcwmb. sn
zfib zbcnfvD mcwdvjslv dbsq mcdmbslv nfsK nQONG hfLfq. kJb zffrv kvI
sKsj kfslv dhvs tVf tVsk mcdmbvf zfdl rq. (jc} 9/5,36) rj W
hfdkstv dyv nQONG yst. dj pfvf khV zivfLD, zfib nxdjkGf W
iadkiftsjv pfvf dhwfn Ofkj kfslv mb rDbkfoa rq, iafB lcht
G rq, rlsq
HDdkv nfv rq. (jc} 3/151) kfslv zhf mb rq spb zfjfw rsk isV,
zk}iv ifJD kfslvsj sY]f smsv dbsq pfq, djQhf hfqc kfsj dVsq dbsq j
lCvhkDG fsb dbs[i jsv. (jc} 22/31) kfslv sjfb dvkf Kfsj bf. wqkfb
kfslvsj dhdH jtf-sjZwst mcdmbslv dhvs stdtsq dlsq pc hfLfq. dj
wqkfsbv sjZwt hV lcht
G . (jc} 4/76) Ist sn nQOsNG mcdmboB nQJAfq jm
KfjstW dhuqD rq. kfslv rlsq mcdmbslv iadk dyv NGf usm. kfvf mcdmbslv
ubA nlf zmt, dhil hQ zdb jfmbf jsv. (jc} 2/105) kfvf sjfb mcdmsbv
nfsK zfkDqkf W zDjfsvv mpGflf v[f jsv bf. (jc} 9/10) pfv ubA mcdmbslvsj
dbdN jvf rt, spb kfslvsj zv bf jsv hQ kfslv ifsj isV dhisl bf
isV. (jc} 3/28, 118/120, 4/144) hQ zfsvf dbdN jvf rt sp kfvf mfvf sostW
spb kfslv ubA zffrv (p]fv dhwfnOfkjkf W rj b jsvsY k]fv) lvhfsv [mf
iafKGbf bf jsv; pdlW hf kfvf kfslv zfkDq-ub rq. (jc} 9/113)
Hfsh mcwdvj hf zQwDhflDslv ubA vsqsY dyv lcsHGfo W mrfnhGbfw.(jc}

41/6)

ddhhllz
zffk
k
mcndtm ntfsmv pfhkDq vDdk-bDdksj nkA W zf hst ufsb W kfv iv
zfmt jsv. kfv sjfbvi dhvfyvB jsv bf. kfv iadk sjfb zhf hf zhsrtf
jsv bf. ntfmD zfb W dbslGwfhtDv pKfKG mpGflf sn slq. kfv zbcwfnbsj

kfWrDl

105

zfslZ zmfbA jsv bf. wfosa v sjfb iajfsvv srvsIv jsv bf. jlKG hf Hct
hAfJAf jsv bf. mcndtm ufsb sp, ntfm j iCBf LmG. kfsk dhlcmf hfVdk
jvfv E]f sb. kfsk djYc zdkdv jvfv zdLjfvW jfsvf sb. (jc} 5/3)
zkh jcvzfb W ncfrv dbslGw hAdksvsj sp hAd sjfbW zfmt dbsuv kvI
sKsj hfdVsq jvsk yfq, ksh sn ntfmsj ziCBG LmG hst msb jsv. zKy zffr
kfzftf hstb, zfdm skfmfslv Dbsj iCBfG jvtfm W skfmfslv iadk zfmfv
dbqfmksj (zbcora ) niCBG jvtfm hQ ntfmsj skfmfslv LmG msbfbDk
jvtfm. (jc} 5/3)
kf LsmG sb mb sjfb zfmt bkcbHfsh zfdhjfv jsv kfsk nQspfub jsv
LsmGv bfm slWqfv lc}nfrdnjkf sjfb mcndtsmv rsk ifsv bf. Lvsbv
zfdhjfvsj dhlzfk W zfdhjfvjsj dhlzfkD hst. dhlzfk hfVsk Kfjst
ncfrv st dhlzfk lJt jvsh hQ ncfr rafn sisk Kfjsh. pfv Ist LsmGv
zfntvi idvhdkGk rsq bjstv iv zfmt jsv mcndtm iK rsq pfsh.
zkh pdl iaskAjde sn jfu pf LmDGq hf ntfmD zKhf `jvsk rq' -mb
msb jsv jvf rq zKy sn ians wvDqskv (djkfh W ncfrv) sjfb dbslGw bf
Kfsj, kfrst kf dhlzfk hQ JbDq W idvkAfuA. (hc} 2697, mc} 1718)
i[fsv pf LmDGq dhNq hf jmG bq, hvQ LmG jvfv znDtf hf mfLAm mf zKhf
ifdKGh hf nfQnfdvj jmGfdlv bkcb zfdhjfvsj (spmb mfj, smfev ofVD ShlcAdkj
nvfm, shkfv p kAfdl Shfdbj zfdhjfvsj) dhlzfk htf rq bf.
dbsmf nCfhtD fvf dhlzfk dydrk rsq Kfsj}1. iasa kAj jKf jfu zfjDlf (hf dhhfn pdlW kf uskrflD rq) pdl kf ncfrv
dhivDk rq. spmb snrvD hf kfrfcslv zfpfsbv idvhskG jcvzfb sktfzk W
ufovBD Ffj. ucmzfv nmq zfpfsbv idvhskG jcvzfb ifE W iad kv zfrhfb.
zffr nh ufqofq zfsYb LfvBf, rpvk mcrfmfl ofsqh ufbskb, dkdb
mfbcN dYstb bf kAfdl dhhfn vfJf.
2. iasa kAj sn zfmt pfv fvf zffrv nd tfsHv zfwf jvf rq zKy k]fv
vnCt kf dbsNL jsvsYb. spmb sjfb ztDv jhv dpqfvk jvfv ubA nIv
jvf, jhsvv iv Ov hf mndul dbmGfB, jhsv hfdk uftfsbf, mndul snZlpGJdyk jvf, smsqslv jhv dpqfvk kAfdl.
3. iasa kAj sn zfmt pfv iv wvDqskv (jcvzfb-ncfrv) sjfb dbslGw sb.
spmb bhD dlhn, mcrfvGm (mrvm), yftsw, ufmfqfkD bfmfspv iv rfk kcst
mfsmv lczf W mcfdkslv `zfmDb zfmDb' htf.
4. jfsIvslv iaskAj sn iaKf hf zfyfv pf ntfsm hflk msb jvf rq.
spmb, ocvub hf dikfmfkfv yvB iwG jsv nftfm (iaBfm) jvf kAfdl.
5. ivhkGDjfstv tfmfoB pf mcf rfh msb jsvsYb, zKy kfv sjfb ltDt hf
dHd sb. spmb sjfb hflskv dbqk mcsJ yfvB jvf kAfdl.
6. iasa kAj sn hflk pfv idk pqDI hf uft rflDn YfVf zbA sjfb (nrDr)
rflDsn hdBGk rqdb. spmb, wshhvfskv svfpf W bfmfp, nftfkck kfrIDp, mclfG v
ubA jcvzfb ifE, rfk kcst lczfv swsN mcsJ rfk hctfsbf kAfdl.

kfWrDl

106

7. hflsk iadkde zdkvdk W zdkdv jfu. spmb lvsl djqfm, ycb,

nftfsm mfKf Ucjfsbf, jcvzfb ifsEv swsN mcnrfsI ycb W jift sEjfsbf
kAfdl.
8. iaskAj zfmt pf wvDqsk zdbdlG vfJf rsqsY. dj stfsj kf sjfb dlb,
nmq, fb, dbqm hf nQJAf fvf dbdlG jsv dbsqsY. spmb kfWqfsIv iadk ysv
dbdlG lczf ifE, ucmzfv iCshG dbdlG bIt, wshjlsv dbdlG bfmfp kAfdl.
spsrkc pqDI rflDn vnCt -v ndEj d bfW rsk ifsv, kf pqDI
rflDnsj dHd jsv sjfb zfmt dn bq. zhwA zsbsj `Ifpfsqst zf'mfst'
pqDI rflDn hAhrfv jvsk zbcmdk dlsqsYb. zKGf{ mb zfmstv IpDtk
hBGbfq, sp zfmt nrDr ltDt fvf iamfdBk rsqsY. zf'mftct Ifpfsqst (zKGf{
mb zfmt pfv IpDtk zfsY sn zfmt jvsk) bq.
lfrvBvi, yfsv bfmfp nrDr rflDn fvf iamfdBk. (mc} 719) kfv IpDtk
ians j rflDsn htf rq, sp hAd bfmfp iVsh, kfv sofbfr nmcslav sIbfv
nmfb rstW mfI jvf rsh. (zf}lf} 1287, dk} 476, }mf} 1382) zbA
rflDsn htf rq, sp dbqdmk 12 vfjzfk zflfq jvsh kfv ubA zffr ifj
uffsk j snfbfv mrt SkvD jsv slshb. (dk} 473, }mf} 1380) dj
lcde rflDn pqDI. W]slv msk yfsv bfmfspv IpDtsk rflDn lcdesj hBGbf
jvf pfsh.
iv v isvW W]slv dbje dkbde wkG vsqsY}iaKmk} rflDnde spb oVf hf uft bf rq.
dkDqk} zfmtjfvDv spb ufbf Kfsj sp, sp rflDsnv dHdsk sn zfmt
(IpDtk hBGbf W dhhfn) jvsY kf pqDI hf lcht
G .
kxkDqk} kf spb (hAfijHfsh) iayfv bf jvf rq.
iv rflDn hAhrfsvv hAfifsv zfrjfm W Ifpfsqstv mfsU sjfb ifKGjA sb .
jfvB, Hq wvDqk. kf ndEj sp, pqDI rflDnsj dHd jsv sjfb iajfsvv
zfmt dn bq. (kf}dm} 34) nrDr (W rfnfb) rflDsn pf hdBGk rsqsY kf
zfmstv ubA psK.
sjfb sjfb dhlzfk jcIvD W dwjG. spmb jhv iCuf, pf zffr YfVf sj dlsk
ifsv bf kf ofqvfrv jfsY yfWqf kAfdl. Lvsbv dhlzfkD sKsj mcndtm
nijG dY jsv.
ksh dhlzfkDsj jfsIv kJb htf pfsh, pJb kfv jfsY zfmstv sjfb
zucrfk hf nslr Kfjsh bf hQ kf jcIvD rWqfv ltDt W pcd kfv jfsY
siwjxk rsh.
`dhlzfsk rfnfbfr' hst sjfb dhlzfk sb; pf jvst tfH rq [dk djYc rq
bf. hvQ iaskAj dhlzfk ocmvfrD hf kf.
LmDGq sjfb dhNsq jfsvf fb, mk hf vfq kAfdl zyt. (jc} 28/50,53/23)
LmG zffr vct zftfmDsbv kvI sKsj bfsptjxk. sk sjfb jKf, sjfb kKA
ndEj W ncfb W zdHmskv hdrHCk
G rsk ifsv bf. wvDqk mb djYc hst bf,
pf znHh hf zhfh rsk ifsv. ksh mb rsk ifsv sp, mfbcN kfv nDdmk

kfWrDl

107

fsb wvDzskv djYc Jhsv zhfj-rkhfj rsq isV.

wvDzskv iv mfbcsNv fsbv yfjf zyt hst zfsqmfsq ntfm zfrst
jftfm, mfbskj W IftfnfIfv jsEfv nmfstfybf W dblfhfl jsvsYb. hvQ
zsbsj nh tsm bfdj rhfv zfwf iajfw jsvsYb hQ dw[fsj zShL
hstsYb. (w} kf} 72)
j pco dYt pJb mfbskjD W IftnfIDslvsj lv mk uhfh slhfv ubA
mfbskj W IftnfIf dwJf Hfstf htf rk. dj lfbDQ sn iasqfub zfv sb.
kf kf idvrfv jvf m.
kcvkcwD hstb, `sp hAd IftnfIf W mfbskj fvf ntfsmv nfrfpA jvsk yfq
sn hAdv imf kfv mk , sp ianfa h fvf ifdb sLZk jsv. (dnqfv zf'tfdmb bchftf

19/334)

nhGpsc ov ubA DbD dhNsq jcvzfb W rflDsnv fb W zfstfj psK. plAdi

wvDqkD sjfb dhNqsj fb W zfsjstv dhivDk hst msb jvf rq, kKfdi sn
s[s wvDqskv hhA dhhfnA W oarBDq rsh. jfvB, wvDqk dbHGct ncdbdyk
nkA, dj mfbcsNv fb W dhshj nkA rstW zdbdyk. ntfsmv iadk jfsu,
zfslw W dbsNsL drjmk hf pcd zfsY. (jfvB, kf nxdjkGfv dhLfb.) dj
zsbj s[s sn pcd mfbcsNv dbje iajfdwk rq bf. sn s[s mcndtm pcd bf
hcsU kfv iv zfmt jsv. jfvB, mfbcN Jch nfmfbA fsbv. (hc} 17/85)

ffddr
rF
Fffj
j
znrfsqv nrfq, lc}sJ-swfsj, dhisl zfisl nrfqj zffr. hflfv dhisl
zfjct zfshlb, jfjcdk-dmbdk, msbv shlbf wahB jsvb W ufsbb jmf
dkdb.
dkdb lc}JDv lc}J, swfjfskGv swfj, dhisv dhil, shlbfskGv shlbf lCv jsv
Kfsjb. spmb dkdb ncJDv ncJ, nilwftDsj nil ialfb jsvb. k]fv jfsu
sj wvDj, nrfqj hf ncifdvwjfvD sb. hflfv zfrhfsb nfVf slb, kfv zfshlb
mcv jsvb. dkdb hflfv zdk dbjehkGD. (jc} 2/186) k]fsj Ffjfv ubA, ifhfv
ubA, k]fv nfrfpA, lqf hf zbcora tfsHv ubA sjfb djt, znDtf hf
ncifdvwjfvDv iasqfub rq bf. iasqfub rq wcLc k]fv Yfv. dkdb YfVf sjfb
dIdvf, bhD, ztD, dub sj lczf mcv jvsk ifsvb bf, zfv bf ifsvb jfsvf
msbv zfjf[f dmefsk. kf dhisl k]fsj sYsV sjfb ofqvfrsj Ffjf,
kfv jfsY dhislv jKf ufdbsq nfrfpA yfWqf dwsjG zfjhv. (jc} 39/38,

7/197)

zhwA mb sjfb dhisl iVf, pf sKsj fv jvf uDdhk sjfb mfbcsNv nfsLA
zfsY, ksh kfsj zfrhfb jvf sjfb dwjG bq. spmb, ifdbsk Fchf sKsj rfk Lsv
skftfv ubA, sjfb drQna u hf wv rfk sKsj v[fv ubA, sjfb uDh n[m
idk hAdv nfrfpA yfWqf hQ kfsj `h]fyfW' hf `v[f jv' hst Ffjf dwjG

kfWrDl

108

bq. pdl kfsj h]fyfv znDtf msb bf jsv, sjht zffrv iv Hvnf vfJf pfq.
mcdmsbv msb nvBDq wcLc zffr. mcdmb wcLc k]fv dpjXv jsv. k]fv wfdsj Hq
jsv. k]fv dbje nfrfpA yfq. zbA sjfb bhD, ztD (iDv-IjDv) kfv nvBDq
bq. kfslv dpjXvW jsv bf sn. kfslv nvsB sjfb tfH rq hst msbW jsv bf.
kfslv sjfb ophsj (oph rqW bf) HqW jsv bf. k]fslv dbje sjfb nfrfpAW
yfq bf.
mcndtm sjfb jhvhfnDv dbje djQhf sjfb hcpcsoGv dbje djQhf sjfb dIdvf hf
dusbv dbje nfrfpA yfq bf. dhil rsk fv hf nfb iafKGbf jsv bf. yfq skf
wcLc k]fv jfsY, dpdb lfb jsv Kfsjb.
nckvfQ pdl sjfb mcndtm bfmfp-svfpf jvf nsW mnDhsk mxksj Ffsj, zKhf
uDh sjfb hcpsc oGv hf sjfb dub, dIdvf, zftD, Ifskmf hf rfnfb-nfsbv mb
jfsu nfrfpA yfq, pf zffr hAkDk sj fv jvsk n[m bq, hQ kfsj
bnDrk jvf nsW sn zhf jsv zlmA-msb sn jfsu dt Kfsj hQ sn
zhfq kfv mxkAc rq, ksh sn mcwdvj rsq W ntfm sKsj Jfdvu rsq mfvf pfq.
fbD mcndtm ufsb, lczf hf iafKGbf jvf rq k]fv jfsY }
dpdb nlf hkGmfb W dhlAmfb. kf pfv zdk sb hf sp nlf hkGmfb bq,
kfv jfsY iafKGbf hxKf.
dpdb nh djYcv (zKhf zk}is[ sn h, pf k]fv dbje yfWqf rsh kfv)
mfdtj. sp nhdjYcv zKhf pfdyk dudbsnv mfdtj bq, kfv dbje pfyf db}nslsr
kf.
dpdb mfdtsjv wvDj. kf sp mfdtsjv sjfb djYcsk wvDj hf zQwD bq,
kfv jfsY yfWqfW zpKfKG.
dpdb mfdtsjv nrfqj. zkh sp k]fv nrfqj bq, kfv jfsY pff jvf
dbIt.
dpdb mfdtsjv dbje ncifdvwjfvD. kf sp sYfq ncifdvwjfvD bq zKhf
pfv ncifdvw jvfv spfoAkf W [mkf sb, k]fv dbje iafKGbf jvfW dbvKGj.
dpdb nilwftD. kf db}sv jfsY djYc yfWqf mCJfG dm.
dpdb nhGswafkf. kf hdLv hf dbuDGshv dbje lczfW dbYj fd.
dpdb lfbwDt. kf jxiB hf hAqjcsv jfsY djYc dH[f yfWqfW J]fde Hct.
dpdb lqfhfb. kf lqfrDb W ifNfB-rlsqv jfsYW djYc iafKGbf jvf
shfjfdm.
dpdb lfb jvfv dbu wd W Jdkqfsvv zdLjfvD. kf pfv dbu sjfb
zdLjfv hf Jdkqfv sb, kfv jfsY rfk ifkfW zfrfmdj.
dpdb isvv Ffj wcbsk ifb. kf sp isvv Ffj wcbsk ifq bf zKhf sp
wcLc dbsusj dbsq hA-nm, kfv dbje zf]yt ifkfW dhIt.
dpdb lCv-hlCsvv hQ dhswv sp sjfbW iaf sKsj njt iajfv w wcbsk
ifb. dhLfq sp vjm bq, kfv jfsY djYc yfWqf hV fd.
dpdb ixdKhDv nm HfNf W msbv jKf shfsUb. nckvfQ sp nm vjsmv

kfWrDl

109

HfNf W msbv jKf hcsU bf, kfv jfsY djYc pfybf jvf Hct.
htf hftA, nm ocsBv zdLjfvD jmf zffr. dkdb YfVf jfsvf jfsY
iafKGbf jvf pfsh bf. kf skf k]fv jfsY djYc bf yfst dkdb vfofdhk rb. (dm}
2238) dj mfbcsNv jfsY yfst sn vfofdhk rq.
kf skf fbD k]fv jfsY yfq, dpdb dhshv jY mfdtj. k]fv sj wvDj
hf zQwD sb. zfv ufsb sp, zffrv dbjse bhD-WtDv mpGflf KfjstW k]fvf k]fv
sjfb jfsu nrfqj bb hQ jfsvf usbA dbsuv Yfq ncifdvwjfvDW bb. (jc}

17/56, 34/22-23)

ddnnu
ullffr
r
mcndtm bfmfp isV zffrv ubA. nfulf hf dnulf W vjc jsv k]fv ubA.
mfKf bk jsv, U]sc j, iadBifk jsv wcLc k]fv ubA. sjfb bhD, WtD, dub, dIdvf,
dikf-mfkf, hcpcoG, jhv, mfde, ifKv, y]fl, nCspGv nmcsJ hf sswA kfv mfKf bk
rq bf. (jc} 41/37) (35)
kf'pDmD dnulfW zffv ubA. jfsvf if Y]csq hf U]sc j jfsj nftfm jvfvW
zbcmdk ntfsm sb.
rpvk zflm
-sj dnulf jvfv ubA zffrifj dIdvfoBsj zfslw
jsvdYstb. zfhfv dkdb mfbcNsj k]fsj YfVf zbA sjfb nxdsj snulf jvsk
dbsNL jsvsYb. (jc} 41/37, 53/62) kf zffr YfVf dnulf rfvfm. hvQ kf
dwsjG zfjhfv.
zffrifj mfbcsNv dikf zflm
-sj dnulf jvfv ubA htDnsjW zfslw
jsvdYstb. zfslw zmfbA jvfv Ist sn zdHw W dhkfdVk wqkfb rt.
dHvsi zffr mfbcNsj wcLc k]fsj dnulf jvfv zfslw dlstb hQ dkdb hAkDk
zbA jfsj dnulf jvsk dbsNL jvstb. zfslw W dbsNL zmfbAjfvD
zhwA jfsIv rsh. (36)
rpvk ncI
k]fv dikfsj dnulf jsvdYstb. kf'pDmD dnulf k]fslv
wvDqsk ShL dYt. dj wvDqsk mcrfmfdlqfsk rfvfm. iChhG kDG bhDslv wvDqk hf
sjfb zfmt zfmfslv ubA kJb mfbA rsh, pJb zfmfslv wvDqk sn zfmst
hfLf bf slsh. jfvB, mcrfmflD wvDqk iCshGjfv nm wvDqksj mbnCJ W hfdkt
jsv dlsqsY. zkh iChhG kDG sjfb wvDqskv zbcjvB jvsk pdl mcrfmflD
wvDqk zbcmdk slq hf sjfb hfLf bf slq ksh zbcjvBDq rsh, bsy{ bf. spmb,
rpvk zflm
-v wvDqsk Hf-shfsbv zfsifsn dhhfr ufsqp dYt. dj
wvDqsk mcrfmfdlqfsk kf dyv dlsbv ubA rfvfm. rpvk nf
-v wvDqsk
() sjfb dudbn jcVfsk hf kctsk U]cjfsj snulf htf rq bf. snulf kKf nm hflskv ubA

swA W nQji iaLfb dhyfpG.

() zsbj zfdtqfslv msk zffr uffr wfbcr zflsm dmdtk rsq (bfpc dhfsr dmb pfdtj)
dIdvfhoG W wqkfbsj dnulf jvsk zfslw dlsqdYstb. - LfvBf jcIXv. Wvf nfvf dnchfdvsj
sYf jtnDsk Hvsk yfq! rflfmcfr.

kfWrDl

110

mlA rftft dYt, dj mcrfmfdl wvDqsk kf rfvfm.

zbcviHfsh sjfb mfbcN hf nxdsj snulf jvf sjfb jfst sjfb wvDqsk ShL
KfjstW wvDqsk mcrfmfdlqfsk kf rfvfm W dwjG.
bfmfp zffrv ubA. kfv dnulf, vjc W djqfm (jdb rsq lfqmfb) utcn
(jfoadys ishwb) kAfdl zffrv ubA. zkh jfsvf zfkfv kf'pDm hf
wafOG dbshlsbv swA zKhf sjfb mxk djQhf uDdhk hcpcoG hf mfbAhv mfbcsNv
nfmsb zKhf sjfb dusbv sswA bDvhkf iftb jsv jfoadys lfqmfb rWqf
zKhf jfsvf nd nfLsb jfoadys ishwb (spfofnb) jvf hf LAfb jvf dwsjGv
ipGfqHc. (dk} 2755)
mcndtm iYl jsvbf sp, kfv kf'pDsmv ubA sj kfv nfmsb lfqmfb srfj;
spmb zffrv vnCt kf ziYl jvskb. (dk} 2758) wfqJ hf mclfdvGn rsq
Yfsv dbje `djqfm' zfwf jsv bf. spmb sn dbsu sjfb wafHfubsj slJst
k]fv kf'pDsmv sswA sE lf]Vfq bf. spmb nfrfhfoB diaq bhD -v sswA
sE l]fVfskb bf.
zhwA zfoj sjfb smrmfsbv nrfqkf W zHAKGbfv sswA iakcAfb jsv
ishwb jvf lCNBDq bq. (hc} 6262)
klbcvi mcnfIfrf W mczfbfjf jvfv sswA hQ ShEsj fb iaw jvfv
sswA sE hnfW dbdN bq.
zffr uff wfbcr hflfsj k]fv ubA vjc W dnulf jvsk zfslw jsvsYb. (jc}
41/37, 22/77, 53/62) dj jKf hstbdb sp, wqkfb spJfsb dnulf jsvsY
snJfsb jsvf bf. zffrv vnCt hQ k]fv iChhG kGD nm zfdqfoB (zf})
mfdesk dnulf jsvsYb hQ njst dbu dbu mksj Hfsh dnulf jvsk
dw[f W dbslGw dlsqsYb. rpvk duhaft
dbsu mfdesk dnulf jsv bhD
jvDm -sj bfmfp dwdJsqsYb hQ kf]vf njst mfdev isv dnulf jsv
zffrv nd W nfdLAtfH jsv sosYb. j k]fvf sj hstbdb sp,`wqkfsbv
dnulfv fsb dnulf jsvf bf.' zfmfslv zflwG k]fvf, k]fvf jsvsYb ksh zfmfslv
s[s hfLf sjfKfq?
kfYfVf wqkfb pJb nfvf ixdKhDsk dnulf jsvdYt (jKfde iamfB nfsi[) kJb
sn wqkfb dYt bf. dnulfv nmq dYt zffrv dbjekm dIdvfslv nmfuHc.
hk} dyvdlb zffrv sbj hflfvf k]fsj dnulf jsv Kfsj. i[fsv wqkfsbv
hfLA hflfvf wqkfsbv mk zffrv zfslw nsW dnulf jvsk zDjfv jsv.
kf `wqkfsbv dnulfv ufqofv dnulf jvh bf' hst wqkfsbv nfsK hfv
Shdvkf hf dhvfo iajfw bq, dmkf hf zbcvfo iajfw. zfv v slfrf dlsq mrfb
zffrv zfslwsj zmfbA jvf hQ nm zfdqf W zfWdtqfosBv zflwGsj
idvrfv jvf LQsnv jfvB YfVf djYc bq. jfvB, zffrv dbslGw W vnCt -v
zfslw YfVf zffrv nd, vrmk W mf'svIk skf ifWqf pfq bf. hvQ rfnvk,
bflfmk W rftfjk rfdnt rq.

kfWrDl

111

j
jKKffqq ddw
wj
jG G
mcndtm ufsb sp, zffrv ocsBv jfsY nxdv ocB djYc bq. k]fv Yf W sjfb
nxdv Yf nmfb bq. nxdv OebfOesb sjht mf k]fv vflf-wfvf yst; zfv
jfsvf bq. kf mcdmb sjfb mfbA mfbcNsj hst bf sp, `zffr W zfidb pf
sysqsYb kf rsqsY' djQhf `zffr W zfidb pf Yf jvshb kf rsh.' jfvB,
mfbcsNv rfsk klhDv zfsY zfv kjlDv zfsY zffrv rfsk. zkh lc'desj
nmfb jvst dwjG rsq pfsh. (dm} 4778)
zbcviHfsh `zffr W zfibfv Ipst zfmfv jfuef fv rt. zffr W
zfibfv zbcosa r yfjvD sisqdY. zfmfv pf rq zffr ufsbb zfv zfdm ufdb.
zfmfv isv zffr zfv dbsy lw YfVf sj sb. zmcsjv jcm sJflfv jcsmv
nmfb.' kAfdl htf jKfq dwjG. spsrkc zffr jf pf yfb, kf rq. wcLc k]fv
Ipt W zbcosa r nh djYc rq. zffrv ufbf W mfbcsNv ufbf nmfb bq. zfv
zffr hflfv ubA psK.
khcW pdl k]fv wcjXv zflfsqv nfsK mfbcsNvW wcjXv zflfq jvsk rq (spsrkc
kfv rfsk klhDv Kfsj), kfrst vi htst dwsjGv Hq Kfsj bf, `zffr kfviv
zfidb pf Yf jvshb kf rsh. zffr kfviv zfibfv Ipst zfmfv jfuef
fv rt. zffr kfviv zfibfv zbcosa r zfdm yfjcvD sisqdY. zfmfv pf rq
zffr ufsbb, kfviv zfdm ufdb. zfmfv isv zffr kfviv dbsy lw YfVf
zfv sj sb.'
htf hftA, mcdmb zftXof dusH jKf hst bf, hvQ wvDqk jkxj
G zf]ef dusH jKf
hst. bsy{ jKfq jKfq jJb sn dwjG jsv hnsh kf sn dbsu sev ifsh bf.
jfvB, dwjG (dhswNk} sYfe dwjG W jKfq dwjG) jfstf zjfv vfsk jfstf
ifKsvv isv ytmfb jfstf diiDdtjfv sysqW nC[. pf ytsk Kfsj zKy hcUsk
ifvf pfq bf. (n} uf} 3730) kf mcndtsmv dyk, Lvsbv dwjG sKsj nfhLfb
Kfjf hQ kfv ubA zffrv jfsY [mf iafKGbf jvf. (n}uf} 3731)

kfWrDl

112

z
zffffr
rvv i
ivv nnfft
tffmm
mcndtm zffrv bfsm nftfm ifEfq bf. jfvB, nftfm (dbvfif hf wfd) skf kfv
lvjfv, sp dhiloa rq hf dbvfifrDb W ivmcJfsi[D Kfsj. zffr skf nh
sKsj zsbj sLG. kf dIdvf, dub W mfbcsNv ubA `zfnnftfmc zftfjcm' hf
`zftfdrmcn nftfm' kAfdl htf pfq' dj `zfnnftfmc zftffr' htsk ifvf
pfq bf. spsrkc zffr `zfnnftfm' (wfd W dbvb). k]fv kvI rsk wfd
zfsn. (dm} 909)
klbcvi mcndtm hst bf sp, `zffrv lczfq Hfstf zfdY.' jfvB, nmoa nxd
zffrv jfsY lczf jsv, zffrv lczf jfv jfsY rsh? kf sn hst `zffrv
lqfq Hfstf zfdY. zfibfslv lczfq Hfstf zfdY' kAfdl.
zfhfv `bhD-vnCstv (hkGmfb) lczfq Hfstf zfdY' hf `rpvk zftDv lczf
tfocj' hf `mf Ifskmfv lczf srfj' kAfdlW htf pfq bf. jfvB, k]fvf rstfsj
uDdhk sb. mLAstfj sKsj sj jfsvf ubA lczf jvsk ifsv bf.

bbffmm vvffJJffqq ddw

wj
jG G
mcndtm zffrv nmkctA jfsj msb jsv bf. jfsvf mb bfmW vfsJ bf pfsk
zffrv nmj[kf hcUfq hf dwsjGv o ifWqf pfq. spmb, zfcb bhD, zfcv
vnCt, (zKGf{ bhD hf vnCstv hflf hf lfn) wfrfbwfr (vfufdLvfu). jfvB, mfbcN
zffrv hflf hf lfn, vfufdLvfu skf jmf dkdb.
zbcviHfsh bhD-hJXw, vnCt-hJXw, zftD-hJXw, srfsnb-hJXw, iDv-hJXw,
mflfv-hJXw (zKGf{, bhD, vnCt, zftD, srfsnb, iDv hf mflfsvv lfb) kAfdl bfm
vfJfW dwjG. jfvB, nfb lfb skf zffr jsv Kfsjb.
skmdb softfm bhD, softfm vnCt, softfm smfIf, softfm mkGcuf (mckfG pf) softfm
iDv kAfdlv zKG pdl (`dnIfk-mWnCI' hf ocBhfyj bf rsq `mcpfI-mcpfI
tfsr' hf nil rq hQ kfv mfsb) bhD hf iDsvv softfm hf hflf rq,
kfrst kfW dwsjGv ipGfqHc. jfvB, mfbcN zffrv hflf, nm hsloD k]fv.
klbcvi sp bfm zffrv bq kfv iCshG zfX (zfct) spfo jsv bfm vfJfW
ipGfsq isV spmb, zfct mf'hcl, zfct oWn kAfdl.
skmdb mb bfmW vfJf pfq bf, pfv zKG ml. spmb, rfpfb (lcdyfjfvD)
zf'dnqf hf zfdyqf (zhfLA) kAfdl. jfvB, bfsmv nfsK hAdsv djYc nijG,
kfnDv hf iaHfshv jKf ntfsm Djxk. (hc} 6190)
zfhfv sp bfsm kfpdjqfkcb bfIn (zrfv hf zfkwfOf) rq sn bfm mjvr.
spmb, hfvGfr, kfjD, mcfjD, mckD (mkD), mcrdnb, mcJstn kAfdl. (mc} 2141, mc}

kfWrDl

113

mf} 123)

j
xk
jk
x
k
kff
mcndtm zffrv ial nil ifWqfv iv kf zDjfv jsv k]fv jxkOkf jsv
bf. hvQ kfv pfhkDq ncJ-nilsj k]fv slWqf hst mfsb. Ist kf]v jxkkf
Djfv jsv, wcjXv zflfq jsv hQ sk kfv nil hxd ifq. (jc} 14/7, 2/152)
(37)
kf mcdmb sjfb dlb hst bf sp, `zfmfv mft, zfdm hfi-lflfv mDvfnnCs
sisqdY. djQhf msb jsv bf sp, zfdm dbu klhDv W smrbk hst umf jsvdY.
Fffv zfmfv sYstsj h]fyfstf. pdl Fffv bf Kfjk, kfrst sYstde mfvf
spk. jcjvc de bf Kfjst hfdV ycdV rsq spk.' kAfdl. hvQ vjm sjfb jKf
pJb sn hst Kfsj, kJb zffrsj iajk
x jkGf hst dhhfsn vfsJ hQ k]fv bfm
zfso sbq W hst,`zffrv dbLGfdvk kjlDv, k]fv pf Yf kf jsvsYb.' (38)
jfvB, iajk
x nil lfkf, uDhb-mvB lfkf, v[fjkGf wcLc dkdb. kf skf
dikfv zofL nil Kfjf nsW ic ldvla rq. rfufv klhDv W smrbk jvfv
IstW zsbsjv lc shtfv veDv spfofV rq bf. wk Fffv KfjskW jfsvf ufb
h]fsy bf. jk klhDv nsW ycdv rq, zfsvf jk dhil zfsn.
zkh nh hfdrAj jfvB mf. (39) kf zDjfpG bf rstW iajk
x is[ nh djYc
k]fv wfvf W Yfq rsq Kfsj. zkh k]fv nhGhAfiD yvm wdsk jfsjW
wvDj jvf pfsh bf.
`pdl' hf `pdl bf' htfq wqkfsbv lvuf sJftf pfq. dhswN jsv sjfb dhil hf
lc}sJv iv `pdl WJfsb bf spkfm, kfrst zfmfv dhil rk bf' pdl W jvkfm
kfrst rk bf' kAfdl htf slfNfhr.
spsrkc zfIsnfn W zfs[si `pdl-pdl' htf hf jvfq mfbcsNv msb swfj W
nfi zdLj mffq hxd ifq. zfv wqkfb ncspfso mcndtmsj zfsvf dhmNG
jvsk zKhf mCt jfvsBv jKf Hcdtsq zmCtj jfvsBv iadk kfv mb dIdvsq kfsj
dwsjG dbidkk jvsk jcdk rq bf.
zhwA `jfvB' hf `srkc' hfh W ndEj rst htf pfq. spmb, pdl Wmcj bf
( ) wcjXv iajfsw lcde dudbn uvvD } iaKmk} zsv ufbf sp, sn pf sisqsY kf sbqfmk hQ

kf zffrv lfb. zfv dkDqk} fb zbcpfqD jmG jvf; zKGf{, lfkfv iadk siam, Hd, dhbq
W iawQnf jKf W jfsu iajfw jvf. k]fv isK sn sbqfmk hAq jvf.
() dj sjfb ifi jfsu vi htf yst bf. spmb, 79ixfq zfstfdyk rsqsY.

( ) dydj{nfv sswA Fffv hfdV pfWqf dwjG bq. jfvB, hflf ufsb svfo lCvjkGf zffr.

NL hAhrfv jef jfvB, hf srkc mf. pf ntfsm Djxk W zbcsmfdlk. dj loGfq pfWqf dwjG.
jfvB, hflf snJfsb jhvhfnDsj nhdjYc msb jsv. zfhfv kfsj srkc mfbstW sn srkc ntfsm
Djxk bq.

kfWrDl

114

Kfjk kfrst zfdm Fcsh spkfm. spmb bhD kf]v dikxhA zfhc kfstshv ubA
hstdYstb, `pdl zfdm bf rkfm, kfrst sn ufrffsmv nhGdbms v rk.'
zbcviHfsh zhLfvBfsKG `pdl Kfj ksh JcwD r', zfwf hf jfmbf iajfwfsKG
`pdl zfmfv Lb Kfjk, kfrst ovDhslv snhf jvkfm' (vi jfmbf mfbcN
sbjDv zdLjfvD rq.) zKhf `pdl zfmfv Lb Kfjk kfrst ofb-hfubf kAfdlsk
ICdkG jvkfm' (vi jfmbfq ifsiv HfoD rq.) nHfhbf iajfwfsKG, `svfoD
pdl ufso, kfrst NL dlW', nQwq hf zfwf iajfwfsKG `pdl hxd bfsm, kf
Yfkf dbtfm' `pJb v zKG iajfwfsKG `ijfv pdl jvsh skf Hfstfvsi jv'
kAfdlsk `pdl' hAhrfv jvfq sjfb zfjDlfok [dk sb. (I}})
iaKmfsKG `pdl' hAhrfv jvf HfsoAv iv mfsbv lcht
G kfv idvyfqj.

mm LLffvvBBff
mcdmb zffr ians m LfvBf sifNB jsv. (mc} 2877) zffrv dbje djYc
yfst niCBG mc[fsi[D W dhbk rsq yfq. zkh sn iafKGbfq hst bf sp,
`zffr! pdl kcdm yfW skf zfmfsj [mf jsv lfW, pdl yfW skf zfmfsj wfd
lfW.' hvQ k]fv jfsY jf zfoasrv nfsK yfq. hst, `zffr zfmfsj [mf jv,
zfmfsj wfd lfW' kAfdl. (hc} 6339, mc} 2678)
i[fsv pdl sn sjfb dhNsqv Hfstf-ml dhyfv bf jvsk ifsv hf kfv idvBfm
nisjG zfk Kfsj, ksh sn vi lczf jvsk ifsv. spmb, pdl sjfb jfu
kfv nfmsb snsY pf jvf Hfstf djbf sn hcUsk ifvsY bf, kJb hst, `zffr pdl
jfu zfmfv ubA mtlfqj rq, kfrst kf rfdnt jsv lfW. [dkjv rst sn
jfu sKsj zfmfsj lCsv vfJ. (hc} 1162) zffr! pdl zfmfv uDhb hf sh]sy Kfjf
zfmfv ubA drkjv rq, ksh zfmsj uDdhk vfJ. zfv pdl zfmfv mvB jtAfBjv
rq, ksh zfmfv mvB lfW' kAfdl. (hc} 5671,mc} 2680)
jfvB, mvB sn yfsk ifsv bf. mvst sp idvfB ifsh, kfW bq, kf zffrv
iv v Hfstf-ml bA jsv. i[fsv mxkcAv jfmbf jvst wcLc wrDlD mxkcA
jfmbf jsv. (hc} 2797) zKhf (J]fde) mcndtm rsq mvfv jfmbf jsv. (jc}
7/125, 12/101) spmb ivjfstv wfdv sysq ifdKGh wfd nru rstW kf
zffrv jfsY yfq bf hvQ Hqjfstv wfd sKsj mcd yfq. (mc} 2688)
mcndtm zffrv jfsY mnDhskv ubA (zfnfv iv) SLpG yfq. dj mnDhk zfnfv
iCshG kfv ubA SLpG yfq bf. kf hst bf sp, `lc}J pdl dlW iaHc wd dlW
ndrhfsv', `zffr pdl zfmfsj svfo lfW, ksh nrA jvfv [mkf dlW.' hvQ hst
`iaHc zfmfsj lc}J dlW bf, svfo dlW bf' kAfdl.
sp hAd lcHfG soA SLpG LfvB jsv bf zKhf zffrv vrmk rsk dbvfw rq zKhf
LfvBf vfsJ sp, kfsj zffr zjfvsB wfd slshb zKhf msb jsv sp, zffr
mcdmbslv nfrfpA jsvb bf, kfrst sn zffrv iadk m bq hvQ ml LfvBf vfsJ;

kfWrDl

115

pf kfWrDslv iadkjCt, mrfifi W mrfnhGbfw. (jc} 48/6)

hhj
Gk
Gj
jk
G W
Wk
kffhhffvvj
G
kfhfvGj sjfb hv mfsU mt W jtAfsBv zfwf vfJf, H LfvBf W jfmbf
jvf, iafycpG W idhkfv dhhfn vfJfsj hcUfq.
pfhkDq hjGk zffrv kvI sKsj zfsn. spmb, vuD, vrmk kf]v kvI
sKsj. kf zffr hAkDk jfsvf dbje hjGk zbcnfb jvf dwjG. spmb, dkdb
YfVf jfsvf dbje vuD hf vrmk yfWqf dwjG.
sp nm fb, jft, if kAfdlv kfhfvGj oarB jvf rq kf wcLcmf ntfsmv
Djxdk W zbcmdksk rsh hQ ufbsk rsh sp, ocdt hjGskv jfvB hf srkc mf;
pfv mfsU hf fvfq hjGk rfdnt rsq Kfsj. kf hjGklfkf bq, hjGklfkf wcLc
zffr. spmb NL svfomcdv srkc hf jfvB; svfomcdlfkf bq.
dj wvDI, dj mchfvj, djsn hjGk zfsY dj fvf kfhfvGj rsh, sjfKfq sjfb nmq
djHfsh hjGktfH rsh kf wcLc wvDqk htsk ifsv. jfsvf LfvBf, Hd hf
kf'pDsmv zdkvb kf dbBGq jvsk ifsv bf.
wvDqk jkGj
x dbBGDk mchfvj hAdk dYt zffrv JtDt, diaq bhD -v. k]fv
mfsU zffr h rstZdjj W ifvstZdjj Jfqv W hjGk icDHCk jsvdYstb. sp
k]fv dbje kfhfvGsjv zfwfq spk, zffr kfsjW hjGkiCBG jvskb. sn
hjGskv jKf nfrfhDoBW ufbskb hQ nxdv snvf mfbcsNv dbje sn hjGk tfHW
jvskb. kfv idh rfskv hjGk sbhfv ubA ifs ifdb dbsq k]fv rfk Fchfv
zsi[f jvskb. (mc} 2324)
mfKfv sjw mcb jvfv nmq nfrfhDoB k]fv yfv ifsw dOsv l]fVfskb. k]fv jde
yctW mfdesk iVsk bf dlsq rfskv mcsEfq dbsq njtsj heb jvskb hQ kfv
fvfq kfhfvGj rfsnt jvskb. (mc} 2325) spmb ntfsmv mrfb spff W
snbfidk Jfstl dhb ztDl pcsv nmq k]fv ifoVDsk sn yct kfhfvGj vi
sh]sL vfJskb. sm nctfm (vf}) kf]v slsrv Ofm dwdwsk Hsv vfJskb hQ kf
sJfwhcv nfsK dmdtsq hAhrfv jvskb hjGk tfsHv ubA. (mc} 187, mc} 2345)
nfrfhfoB k]fv Wpcv ifdb hjGskv zfwfq ifb jvskb. (hc} 187, mc} 2345)
kf]v KcKc ofsq mfJskb. (hc} 2732) k]fv dY ifdb hjGskv zfwfq ifb
jvskb. (hc} 4328) kf]v idvdrk sthfn hjGk tfsHv ubA idvLfb jvskb.
jfIsb hAhrfsvv sswA svsJ dbskb. (hc} 6036)
smfe jKf, k]fv slr W slr sKsj dhdY yct, Ofm, sthfn hQ k]fv hAhrk if
W zbAfbA h nh dYt hjGkiCBG. k]fvf kfsk hjGskv zfwf jvskb hQ NL
vi hAhrfv jvskb. zffr k]fv mfLAsm k]fslvsj lcdbqf W zfsJvfskv hjGk

kfWrDl

116

W jtAfB lfb jsvsYb.

skf zffrv rfhDshv jKf. dkdb zfv mfbcsNv mfsU sb. kf]v hAhrk sjfb
dudbn hf k]fv slr sKsj dhdY yct hf zbA djYc ncdbdykHfsh kf]v hst sjfKfW
nQvd[k sb. kf sn Lvsbv kfhfvGj oarB Jb zfv nHh bq. zfv k]fv
mk sjfb rfhDh sb, p]fv slr hf slrfQw dbsq mfbcN kfhfvGj dbsk ifsv hf
hjGskv zfwf jvsk ifsv.
wvDqk djYc jKf W jfusj hjGkiCBG hst dbBDGk jsvsY. spmb zffrv dpjXv
W k]fv djkfshv sktfzk. pfv fvfq mcndtm zffrv dbje h hjGk tfH
jvsk ifsv. jcvzfb ifsEv mfLAsm svfomc rsk ifsv. (jc} 17/82, hc} 2637,

mc} 804, 2201)

DbD W tmD mrdIt (utnf) jvf. (mc} 2699) durfl jvf W wrDl rWqf.
(dk} 1728) YfVf js JfWqf, Jfhfv swsN zfct yfef kAfdl hjGk rWqfv
jfvB. (mc} zf}2341,3/501)
smfe jKf, iadk jKf W jfu pf zffr W klDq vnCt htsk hf jvsk dbslGw
dlsqsYb, mfbcN kf pdl mfb svsJ nkA susb mrfbhD -v iCBG zbcnvB jsv
iftb jsv Kfsj, kfrst kfsk zhwA hjGk W nfdhGj jtfAB tfH rsh.
zbcviHfsh wvDqk djYc fbsj mchfvj hst dydrk jsvsY. spmb, mndul.
(mc} 671) ksh mnduslv hjGk kfv slWqft, dmv hf Lcstf Ycs] q hf hAhrfv jsv
bq. kfv hjGk snJfsb 'skjfI jvst, bfmfspv ubA iakD[f jvst, ufmfzfsk
bfmfp iVst, tXmD mudtsn zQw oarB jvst tfH rq. kfYfVf zbA djYc hjGk
bq, dhlzfk.
mndulnmCsrv msLA nhGfdLj hjGk vsqsY jf'hfv mndusl; Jfbjfv 1de bfmfp
1 tfJ bfmfp zsi[f m. zk}iv mndusl bhhDsk; Jfbjfv 1de bfmfp j
rfufv bfmfp zsi[f m. zk}iv mndulct zfjXnfq; Jfsb bfmfp iVst
bfmfpD dbifi rsq pfq. zk}iv jchfv mndusl; Jfsb 1de bfmfp jde mvfv
nmfb. (mc} 1394,mc} zf} 3/487,bf} 690, }mf}1412)
mf mcjfvGfmf, mlDbf bhhDqf hQ wfm (dndvqf) idh hQ mchfvj fb. (mc}
1360, mc} zf} 5/185) zkh sp hAd mf, mlDbf hQ wfsm hjGskv zfwfq
hfn jvsh kfv ubA zffrv kvI sKsj hjGk W jtAfB tfH rsh. dj sp
wvDqkD nDmf zdkm jsv kfv mfde Ycs] q hf ofsq smsJ, ifKv hf ofYiftf iwG
jsv hjGskv zfwf jsv, mfde fvf zfsvfoAtfsHv zfwf jsv sn [dkoa.
klbcvi zfvfIfk, mcplfdtIf, dmbfW idh fb. ksh kf dbdlG dlsbv ubA.
wvDqk dbBGDk idh W mchfvj jft hf nmq spmb, vmpfb mfn, wshjlv,
ucmzfrv dlb, snfmhfv, hxridkhfv, rfvfsmv yfv mfn (vuh, pctjflf,
pctrffr W mcrfvGfm; pfv msLA pcdhoarfdl rfvfm). pctrffv iaKm lwdlb,
10 mcrfvGfm hf zfwCvfv dlb, iaskAj vfskv swN kxkDqfQw kAfdl.
njt nmsq mcndtm wvDqskv dbslGdwk isK hjGk zuGb jsv. zbA isK
sjfb jfu jvst hjGk bf rsq sh-hjGskv dhlzfk rsh. spmb, vmpfb mfsn
svfpf jsv, wshjlsv bIt hflk jsv, ucmzfv zfso bIt isV, zdLj lvl

kfWrDl

117

ifE jsv hQ lczf jhct rWqfv mcrCkG zshNB jsv, snfm W hxridkhfv nck
svfpf svsJ, zfwCvf W kfv zfso djQhf isvv dlb svfpf jsv. pctrsv 10 dlb
bIt hflk hQ dhswNk} 9 kfdvsJ (zfvfIfsk bf rst) svfpf jsv, swN vfsk
kfrfcl isV mcndtm iaHCk hjGskv zfwf jsv.
wvDqk dbvdik hjGkiCBG JflAnfmoaD spmb, pqkcb skt, lcL, jfstf dusv,
zfuWqf bfmj sJucv, Yfj, mLc, hxd W pmpsmv ifdb kAfdl. iafBDv msLA
sOfVf, Yfot hQ hx[fdlv msLA sJucv W pqkcb hx[ hjGkmq hst dydrk rsqsY.
mcndtm hAhrfv-idk susb hAhrfv jvst h hjGktfH jvsk ifsv.
dj sp fb, jft W ifsj wvDqk mchfvj hf wvDI hst dydrk jsvdb, zKhf
kfhfvGsjv sp idk wvDqk hBGbf jsvdb, sn fb-jftsj mchfvj hf wvDI msb
jvf W sn idksk kfhfvGj oarB jvf dhlzfk rsh. zfhfv dwjGW rsk ifsv.
jfvB, kfhfvGj j hflk. zkh kf wvDqk zbcpfqD rWqf jf uvvD.
kf dhil hf svfo lCvDjvBfsKG mnduslv Lctf hAhrfv. zfvfIfk, mcplfdtIf W
dmbfv dbdlG dlb YfVf zbA dlsb snJfsb idk rsq hjGskv zfwf jvf.
hcpcosG lv of-if Y]sc q zfdqf W zfWdtqfslv jhv Ycs] q hf dpqfvk jvsk dosq
kfhfvGj msb jvf, (ifvmfdKGj zKhf iafdkHfdNj) zfWdtqf zKhf hfdtqfslv
um hf mxkAc fbsj mchfvj hf wvDI Hfhf, mrfbhD -v umfb (dbdlGHfsh
sp fsb dkdb umoarB jsvb), ufhfst vrmk (?) (zfvfIfskv j ifrfV),
l ihGk, nfsqlcw wcrflf', mfndusl Jfmnfr, hfjD' (mlDbf wvDsIv), hlv,
Jfqhv, drvf' W nWv dodvocrfq (mfq wvDsI) idk rsq kfhfvGsjv zfwf
jvf, dkdb sp nm ufqofq zdbYfjxkHfsh bfmfp isVsYb sn fsb kfhfvGsjv
Yfq bfmfp iVf, mfjfsm hafrDm (ifKsvv iv rpvk hafrDm
-v
ildyr) jf'hf wvDsIv dotfI, jhXsv bhhDv svdtQ, mndusl bhhDv dmv W
smrvfh iwG jsv rfk ofsq hcdtsq kfhfvGsjv zbcmdk wvDqsk sb. mbdj
rfuXsv zfnWqfl (jf'hf wvDsIv iChG sjfsB fdik jfstf ifKv) (40) pf r W
mvfv kWqfIjfst ycb jvf rq zKhf iwG hf wfvf jvf rq hQ vjXsb
qAfmfbD (wcLc) iwG jvf rq kf sjfb kfhfvGsjv ubA bq. hvQ kf zffrv vnCt
-v zbcnvB jsv -pf dkdb r W mvfq nck jsvsYb- hQ sn
zbcnvsBv Ist sbjD tfsHv zfwfq.
rfuXsv zfnWqfl jfsvf djYc [dk hf ijfv jvsk ifsv bf. (mc}
1270,zf}lf} 1873, dk} 860, bf} 2940) ycbjfst rfuDv ifiW ycsN sbq
bf.
ifKsv rpvk zflm -v ildyr dYt (jKfde dHdrDb) hst ycb jvf rq
bf. ifKvdesj ycb jvf rq uffskv jde nxdk hst. uffksj sj bf
Hfstfhfsn, sj bf yfq? diaq hv nix iadk dudbnsjW nhf Hfstfhfsn.
rfuXsv zfnWqfl shsrX sKsj mskG ifdik rsqsY. (dk} 877, n} uf}
() de zfnst shsrsv ifKv. de j jfst suAfdkmGq wc dYt. zflm nfsbv dwjG W ifi
ifKvdesj jx jsv sIstsY. (dk} 877,mc}zf}1/307,n}uf} 6632) zbcvi vjXsb qAfmfbDW jde
uffskv ifKv.

kfWrDl

118

3174) kf sn diaq hv siasm zffrv bhD -v zbcjvsB rfuDoB kf ycb

jsv Kfsjb hQ shf hf zbcjvsBv hjGsk (ifKsvv hjGsk bq) hQ nm

r jfpG nmf jvst (hQ kf jhct rst) rfuDv ifi [q rq. zffrv vnCstv
mrsk kf ycb jvst ifKvde djqfmsk zffrv lvhfsv kf ycsbv iv
ycbjfvDv ubA nf[Alfb jvsh. (n} uf} 5222, } mf}2944, dm} 2578)
i[fsv kf ycb hf iwG bf jvstW rsv sjfb [dk rq bf. zkh efsj
siZdtjkfv nfsK kctbf jvf sjhfsv of-sufvfdm hAkDk djYc bq.
skmdb jf'hf wvDI sjfb mfpfv bq. jfsvf jhv zfsY hst dpqfvk hf kWqfI
jvf zKhf kfsj sjhtf hfdbsq bfmfp iVf rq bf. kf jmf zffrv Ov,
zffrv sswA pfhkDq hflk WJfsb jvsk rq. nmoa mcndtm ufrfbsj
jnCs o]fKfv ubA, kfslv mb-iafB j jsv j zffrv hflskv ubA
oxrfdHmcsJ bfmfp iVf rq hQ rsv sswA njtsj Jfsb zfnsk rq.
swA jf'hf bq, swA p]fv jf'hf dkdb. k]fv zfslw W dbslGw msk k]fv
ifnbf jvf rq.
mfbcsNv ubA jf'hfoxr ixdKhDv nhGiaKm oxr; pf zfdwniaf W dhhuoskv
dlwfvD. pfsk h nci dblwGb vsqsY -mfjfsm hafrDm- hQ sp sj snJfsb
iashw jsv, sn dbvfil. (jc} 3/96)
zkh ixdKhDv nhGiaKm Ov -pf dIdvfoB hf rpvk zflm
(mkfsv)
rpvk hafrDm
jkGj
x dbdmGk rq. ksh k]fvf jfv jhsvv iv mfpfv SkvD
jvstb? jKf mfpfvDslv mfpfv-iCufv ShL jvfv mfbsn ztDj zbcmfb YfVf
djYc bq.
nfmKGAhfb mcndtsmv iv idh mfHCdmv hfqkcfrv r uDhsb jhfv
Ivp. (jc} 3/97) Ivp zflfsqv ubA mcndtm h zKGhAq jsv mf wvDI zfsn.
ixdKhDv nhGiaKm Ov, zffrv mchfvj Ovsj sjla jsv kWqfI jsv zffrv
ndv zfwfq. rfusv zfnWqfl ycb jsv, vjXsb qAfmfbD iwG jsv. rfusv
zfnWqfl W jf'hffsvv mLAhkDG slWqfst h[ tfdosq zffrv jfsY zfjct
zfshlb ufbfq. hjGskv j]cqf pmpsmv ifdb ifb jsv, zffrv LAfsb kmq rsq
zftcKftc shsw dmbf, zfvfIfk W mcplfdtIfq zhfb jsv. ufmvfsk ifKv mfsv,
jcvhfbD jsv, mj mcb jsv. mf W mlDbfv rfvfsmv mpGflf v[f jsv; snJfsb
sjfb iajfsvv UoVf dhhfl jsv bf, rfvfsmv sjfb ofY, j]fef hf Ofn b jsv bf,
iwc-ifJD dwjfv jsv bf kAfdl. nh djYc jmf zffrv kf'pDm, kcd dhLfb W
k]fv zfslw iftb hQ k]fv vnCt -v zbcjvBfsKG mcndtm jsv Kfsj.
zkh sjfbW hcpcoG hf WtDv jhv dpqfvsk r hf rsv nWqfshv zfwf
vfJf, sjfbW jhvsj dhji jf'hf hfdbsq kfv kWqfI jvf, WtDv ndv zfwf
jvf sjfbW ifKv, jhv djQhf mfpfv syZjfsE rfusv zfnWqfslv mk ycmc slWqf,
snJfbjfv Lcstfmfde iwG jsv ofsq mfJf hf JfWqf, mfpfsvv H hf slWqft hcsj
tfdosq WtDv jfsY iafKGbf jvf, sjfb Uvbfsj dhji pmpm hfdbsq kfv ifdb
hjGkvi ifb jvf, WtDv LAfsb hnf, mfpfv nQtso hfn jvf W kfv dJlmk jvf,

kfWrDl

119

sjfb dhji ufmvfq ifKv YcV

] f, snJfsb Jfdn-mcvoD kAfdl pshr (jcvhfbD) jvf,
mfKf sbVf jvf, sn fsbv mpGflf v[f jvf, snJfbjfv ofY-iftfv nmfb jvf,
iwc-ifJD dwjfv bf jvf kAfdl pf djYc WtDv kcd dhLfb jvfv syf jsv k]fv
jfsY djYc ifhfv zfwf jvf rq kf dbyq rfvfm, dhlzfk W dwsjGv zHc
G .
zbcviHfsh sjfb blD hf icjcsvv ifdbsj idh msb jsv sofnt jvf, sjfb
mfpfsvv dnd hf `LctIct' hf zbA djYc (spmb, jhsvv yflv, o]fufv Yf kAfdlv
ianfl) sj kfhfvGj hst hAhrfv jvfv zbcmdk ntfsm sb.
zbcviHfsh sjfb dbdlG dlbsj (wvDqk dbdlG jfvB hAkDk) idh hf iftbDq
msb jvf hQ hjGskv msb jvfsj wvDqk zbcmdk slq bf. spmb, bhD dlhn,
wshdm'vfu, wshhvfk hf zbA jfsvf um zKhf mxkcA dlhn kAfdl.
kfhfvGj hf zHD tfsHv zfwfq `zff' hf sjfb jcvzfbD zfqfk tsjse
dtsJ otfq tejfsbf, djQhf j]fsy h]fdLsq slWqfst hf ofdVsk Uctfsbfv dbslGw
ntfsm sb. zfhfv ifwfifdw `zffr-mcrfmfl' nmHfsh dtsJ, `qf mcrfmfl'
`qf vfnCtc fr' `qf zftD' `qf nfb' `qf ovDh sbWqfp' dtsJ, jf'hf,
mndusl bhhD hf zbA sjfb mndul hf mfpfsvv Ydhsk kfhfvGj oarB djQhf hftf
mnDhk lCv jvfv sswA zKhf sjfb zHD tfsHv zfwfq otfq, hfdVv
slWqfst zKhf ofdV kAfdlsk Uctfsbf dwsjGv ipGfsq isV.

z
znnDDt
tffr
r
zffr zdk lqfwDt. hflfsj Yf jvst mdb h djYc lfb jvsk ifsvb.
khcW dkdb hflfv jfY sKsj djYc dhdbmq zfbcokAvsi sisk yfb. hflf pdl
zffrsj JcwD W vfdu jvsk ifsv ksh dbyq zffr hflfv zfwf iCBG jsvb.
dj zffrsj kc jvfv ubA dmndjb hflfv zfsY hf dj? jmf kf]v hflk,
zfbcokA W ocBofb YfVf zfv dj dlsq hf k]fsj n jvsk ifsv? kf hflf
k]fsj n jvfv ubA, k]fv vrmk W uffk ifhfv ubA hQ k]fv znd, oph
W slfpsJv zfpfh sKsj h]fyfv ubA znDtf hf mfLAm hAhrfv jsv. zffrW
hflfsj sn znDtf zbcnfb jvsk hstsYb. (jc} 5/35) sp znDtfq dkdb
vfuD rb; nm mcIfnsnvDbslv msk sn znDtfv zKG zffr W klDq vnCstv
zfbcokA, sbj zfmt W mrk. (k} } jf} 2/52, pf} mfn} 2/348, kf} jf}

vf} 2/285, lc} m} 3/71, n} kf} 1/340, k} mf} 6/369)

sjfbX znDtfv mfLAsm zffrv nd W SbjeA ifWqf pfq, hflfv zfshlb mcv
rq kf hflf ufsb bf. kf kf ufbsk hf znDtf dybsk wvDqskv dbslGw dbsk
rq. bsy{ nmcslav ufrfu-Fcdhsk vfskv zjfsv jcmDvsj jfItj msb jsv
k]fv iv ysV hsn kfsj bfufskv znDtf HfhstW zfnst kf rftfsjv znDtf.
zdysv kfsk LQn zhwAHfhD.
wvDqsk mf dkb iajfv znDtf hAhrfsvv zbcmdk hf dbslGw
vsqsY }

kfWrDl

120

1. zffr kfzftfv zfnmfsq nbf W dnIfsk tf (k]fv nclvkm bfm hQ

mrm ocBfhtDv) znDtf. spmb hflf hst, `sr zffr! kcdm vrDm W vrmfb,
jfslv W ofIXIfv, kcdm zfmfv iv vrm jv, zfmfsj [mf jsv lfW.' zKhf
`sr zffr skfmfv vrmskv znDtfq hf pXpk W jclvskv znDtfq hf skfmfv
bfsmv znDtfq zfdm skfmfv dbje lcdbqf W zfsJvfskv mt iafKGbf jvdY kcdm
zfmfsj kf lfb jv.' kAfdl. (jc} 7/180, dn} n} 199, mc} zf} 1/391,452)
2. sbj zfmt hf Hfstf jfsuv znDtf. spmb hflf lczf jsv `zffr! zfdm
mfb sbdY, zkh kcdm zfmfsj [mf jsv lfW.' (jc} 3/16,53,193) zKhf
`sr zffr! skfmfv iv zfmfv mfb W mrk hQ vnCstv shfv znDtfq
zfmfv mnDhk lCv jsv lfW.' zKhf `zfdm skfmfv ndv ubA zfmfv dikfmfkfsj JcwDsk svsJdY hQ kfslv hfLA rsq ydt, zKhf skfmfv kcd dhLfsbv
zfwfq zfdm njstv zfmfbk v[f jdv, sJqfbk jdv bf, lfb jdv, zKhf
skfmfv nsfNtfsHv sswA zfdm spZhsb SLpG LsvdY, ncspfo nsW hAdHyfv
jdvdb- zkh kcdm zfmfv hftf mnDhk lCv jsv lfW.' (hc} 2272)
3. uDdhk sjfb sbj nfstr W mcfjD (djkfh W ncfrv iv zfmt jsvb
mb) hAdv lczf. spmb sjfb hAd hV mnDhsk isVsY. sn kfv ubA zffrv
dbje lczf jsv hQ nvfndv lczfq sn v[f siskW ifsv. dj sn ufsb sp, sn
hV sofbfrofv, rqskf hf kfv lczf jhct bfW rsk ifsv. (jfvB, lczf jhct rhfv
wkG zfsY, spmb rftft JfWqf-ivf kAfdl) zkh sn sjfb mcfjD stfsjv
jfsY sn zffrv dbjse lczfv zfshlb jsv. pfsk kfv dhil lCv rsq pfq.
zKhf zbfhxd hf zdkhxdv nmq sjfb ivsrpofv zfstsmv lczfv znDtfq hxd
yfq. (hc} 1010)
dkb iajfv znDtf YfVf zfv sjfb znDtfq zffrv dbje bfufk zKhf
zbA sjfb zHD tfsHv zfwfq iafKGbf jvf pfq bf. zbA jKfq dkb znDtf
YfVf sjfb znDtf bq. kf bhD-vnCt, zftD-Ifskmf, rfnfb-nfb, WtD hf
sjfb hcpsc oGv hAdk, mfb hf mpGflfv znDtfq, zKhf zfvw-jcvnD hf zbA sjfb
mJtcj hf nxdv znDtfq mcndtm iafKGbf jvsk ifsv bf, bfufkW sisk ifsv bf.
bfufskv znDtf sjht mfb W zfmt.

sjfb hflwfv jfsY sjfb zfshlb siw jvsk rst nvfndv k]fv dbje si]ZYfb
pfq bf. hvQ k]fv lfsvfqfb, dnif djQhf sjfb mDv znDtf hf nfrfpA dbsk rq.
zbcviHfsh sjfb zflftsk mcjffmf siw rst nvfndv rfjDsmv nfsK sjfb
spfofspfo nHh rq bf. hvQ dbvivfL iamfB jvsk jDt Lvfv iasqfub rq.
jfvB, vfuf hf rfjDsmv fb k sy sp kfslv nfsK nfLfvB stfsjv nvfndv
nf[f{ jvf, sjfb zfshlb siw jvf hf sjfb jKf htf mcwdjt W znHh.
zkh zffr dpdb njt vfufslv vfuf, njt rfjDmslv rfjDm k]fv dbje sjfb
diaq bhD hf WtDv znDtf YfVf nfLfvB mfbcsNv sjfb zfshlb si]ZYfsbf dj jsv
nHh? sjfb zmfskAv nrfqkf dhbf spmb vfufv zbcora sKsj hdk rsk rq,
jDt bf Lsv spmb, mcjffmfq srsv spsk rq, skmdb dhbf sjfb bhD-WtDv
znDtfq zffrv vrmk, zbcora W uffk sKsj hdk rsk rq.

kfWrDl

121

dj mfbcsNv mb k dby sp, sn sn dhwft bAfqivfqB ncdhyfvj lqftc hflwfv

wfsb Lvsbv LfvBf vfsJ hQ k]fsj lcdbqfv sjfb ufstm, SvfyfvD W zrfvD
vfufv ns kctbf jsv, sp iaufslv zhf hcsU bf. kfv W iaufslv mfsU jk
zvft, lcqfv W lfsvfqfb, jk slrv[D W zvfq dbLGfdvk jsv. iaufslv nfsK
sjfb mfLAm dhbf jKf htf kfv dbqm bq. jJsbf hf vfufsj jJsbf hf mfLAmsj
(znDtfsj) isTZjb hf OcN kAfdl dlsq sjfb dhNsq vfdu jvfsk rq.
lcdbqfv rfjDm zivfLDslv zhf nisjG djYc ufbsk hcUsk ifsv bf. sn dEj
sn mk dhyfv jsv, sp mk jDt kfsj wcbfq. jJsbf hf OcN fvf dmKAf mfmtf
nfufsbf rq. zivfLD dbvivfL hQ dbvivfL zivfLD nfhA rq.
zkh vfuf W rfjDsmv nfsK sn mrfb hflwfv kctbf! dpdb dhbf sjfb
mfLAsm njstv zhf ufbsk ifsvb. p]fv lvhfsv OcN-skfNsBv hftf sb! p]fv
zflftsk dhlc idvmfB pctcm sb!
bDymbf mfbcN jfsj jfv nfsK kctbf jsv! zffrv kf'pDm, Hq, Hd siam
nh sp LCdtnf{ rq LfvBfsk!
jub hflwfr dbu iaufslv nfsK nvfndvHfsh jKf hstb. iaufvf kfslv
zfshlb dhbf jfsvf hfLfq nvfndv hflwfrv lvhfsv siw jvsk ifsv. hflwfr
kfslv dbshlb nvfndv mcv jsvb. zfv ziv jub hflwfr dpdb iauf sKsj
lCsv Kfsjb. sjfb mfLAm, siwjfv hf jf nyDh YfVf k]fv jfsY sjfb zfshlb
siw jvf hf iaufslv dbsuv sjfb zhf ufbfsbf nHh bq. sYfe msbv
mfbcsNv jfsY sj shwD m?
mfbcN zfhfv rpvk mfv -v hflwfv wkmcsJ kf'vDI jsv, k]fsj
dbsq ohG jsv. jfvB dkdb dYstb zkA dhbqD hflwfr. mcndtmslv JAfkbfmf
JtDIf. k]fv mfsU zrfv hf lfdHjkf dYt bf. k]fv slrv[D hf zbAfbA
zfv[D-iarvDW dYt bf. dkdb njt mfbcsNv dbjse Kfjskb. nhsysq lcht
G swaBDv
nfLfvB mfbcNW k]fv nfsK nf[f{ jsv jKf htsk ifvk. dbsuv shlbf-hAKf
ufbfsk ifvk. oafmA idvshswv zmfduGk mCJG jecHfND mfbcNW dhbf sjfb mfLAm W
siwjfv YfVf k]fv ns zftfi jsv zfshlb siw jvsk ifvk. JtDIf nvfndv
kfv Idvqfl wcsb iasqfub dmefskb.
zkh k]fv jfsY Lvsbv hflwfr Hfstf, bfdj sn Lvsbv hflwfr, pfv
nfsK zffrsj kctbf jsv hQ k]fv imf slq? bAfqivfqB nhGubdiaq hflwfv
iawQnf jsv ufstm W lfdHj hflwfv nfsK mrfmdrmfdhk zffrv kctbf!
fb-dhshsjv zfstf sjfKfq swaBDv mfbcsNv?
a fv k ocB
i[fsv zffrv sjfb imf sb. (jc} 16/74) k]fv ubA nhGij
swfHbDq hQ nmAjX jfmft hf iCBk
G f sjht kf]v ubA. (jc} 16/60)
k]fsj pdl rpvk mfsvv nfsKW kctbf jvf rq hQ k]fv imf slWqf rq
ksh jfsIv rsk rq. nckvfQ sjfb ufstm, lfdHj W oshGfk hflwfv ns
k]fsj kctbf jvst sjfbX ipGfsqv jfsIv rsk rq kf nrsu zbcsmq.
smfe jKf, mcndtm sjfb bhD, WtD hf hcpcosG j kfv bfufskv znDtf hst msb
jsv bf. hflwfv hflwf dkdb nhfv dbjse, nhfv nfsK. dkdb nvfndv nhfv zfshlb

kfWrDl

122

wcsb Kfsjb. kf k]fsj nvfndv dbsuv zfshlb, lc}J-uftf, shlbf-hAKf W

iasqfub ufbfq. dkdb nvfndv kf mcv jsvb. (jc} 2/186) dkdb Yf jvst
hflfsj bfufk dlshb, bsy{ jfsvf mpGflf hf pswv Jfdksv jfsj bfufk W
dbjdx k dlsk hfLA rshb bf. v dhivDk vjm dhhfn vfJf mrfifi.

zfhfv pdl sj msb jsv sp, zfmvf iDv-iqov hf slhkfsj sJflf hst mfdb
bf, wcLcmf k]fv zfpfh sKsj bfufskv hf shVf ifv rhfv znDtf hQ ncifdvwjfvD
hst mfdb. sJflfv jfsY k]fslv mpGflf zfsY, sJflf kfslv jKf nlf wcsb Kfsjb.
zfmvf h]fyfv iK dydb bf. kfvf k]fv nmDsi zfmfslv mcdv ubA iafKGbf hf ncifdvw
jvshb. dkdb kf zoafrA jvshb bf. Ist zfmvf ifv sisq pfh. (dhbf js sj
tfH rsh). kf kf]slvsj n jvfv ubA kfslv ifnbf, k]fslv bfsm bpvdbqfp dbshlb jvf.

dj sLfjfhAj LfvBf bf hse! vi mfbf pdl sjfb slfsNv bf rq ksh mfv

mCdkGiCuj mcwdvjslv dj slfN dYt? kfvfW skf sjfb mCdkGsj zffr hst mfbk
bf, hvQ kfslv jfsY wcLc zffrv lvhfsv ncifdvswv zfwf jsv kfslv iCuf jvk.
ksh kfslv nfsK ntfsmv , pc-dhoar djsnv dYt? rkHfoA mfbcN dpdb
dbjse k]fsj lCv sHsh icbvfq k]fv SbjeA yfq zisvv nfrfspA; pfslv sjfb iajfv
[mkf sb- bf kfslvsj mcd slhfv, zfv bf- kfslv ubA ncifdvw jvfv. (jc}

24/3, 10/18)

nckvfQ mcndtm kf]v SbjseAv ubA ziv sjfb nxdv nfrfpA sbq bf. k]fv jibf
jsv k]fv sJqfdt iadkmf osV iCuf skf lCsvv jKf k]fv sjfbvi zfjxdkv jibfW
msb zfsb bf. jfvB, sjfb jibf kfv Lfsv-jfsY si]ZYfsk ifsv bf. sjfb
jdikvi k]fv sb. kf]v mk djYc sb. (jc} 16/74) mfbcsNv jibf-LfvBf
k]fsj Lvsk ifsv bf. yfsqv diqftfq jdhlc ifdb slsJ sn dhwft dncv
jibf rq bf. wcLc wcLc k]fv iCuf rq, zKy sp zfwfq iCuf rq kfv djYc iCvB
rq bf. i[fsv zffrv zfnsb kfslvsj nmfnDb jsv zKhf zQwD fib jsv
k]fv oph W tfbfv dwjfv rsk rq. kf nm zfdqf (zf}) W mrficvNslv
zfslftb siZdtjkfv dhvs dYt hQ kf ntfsm mCdkG hf Ydh SkvD rfvfm.
zfv kfv ubA mcndtm zfib dikf-mfkf hf sjfb hcpcsoGv Ydh slWqfst so]sK kfsk
Ict yVfq bf, LCi-hfdk uftfq bf. kfv nfmsb U]csj mfKf bk jsv wafOG dbshlb
jsv bf, zfwDhGfl yfq bf. jfvB, nh dwjG hQ siZdtjkfv wfdmt.

z
zffffr
rvv H
Hfft
thhffnnff
mcdmsbv dbje nhsysq zdLj diaqmk kfv iadkiftj zffr. sn kfv uDhb,
kfv dikf, ic, D, zfkDq-ub, nil, hAhnfq, zfhfnHCdm- j jKfq nmoa
nxd uoskv sysq zffrsj hQ k]fv ubA k]fv vnCtsj zdLj Hfstfhfsn.
YfVf sn mcdmb rsk ifsv bf. (jc} 9/24, hc} 16)
kf skf zffr W vnCt -sj Hfstfhfnsk jfsvf znsfN, sfL, OxBf, wkf

kfWrDl

123

W dhsvfdLkfsj isvfqf jsv bf. lcAstfsj-HCstfsj njtsj idvrfv jsv wcLc

zffr W vnCstv iawQnfsk imcJ rq. zffr W vnCstv (41) hfBD W
dbslGwfhtDsj kfv uDhsbv njt nmnAfv nmfLfb hf uDhb-nQdhLfb hst mfsb.
zffr W vnCstv Ifqnftfv iv kfv sjfb Yf hf Jdkqfv Kfsj
bf.(jc}33/36)
mcdmb pfsj Hfstfhfsn zffrv ubA hfsn hQ mlhfsn skf k]fv ubA. kf
jfsj Hfstfhfnfv iCshG sn kfv siadmjsj zffr siasmv jdifKsv pfyf jsv
sbq. pdl sn zffrv siamfil rhfv spfoA rq zKhf sn pdl zffrsj siamfil
hfdbsq Kfsj, ksh kfsj dbsuv siamfil hfbfq; bsy{ bf. hck W zvkf
jsv k]fv Jfdksv. Shdvkf jsv W tVf tsV skf k]fv jfvsB. k]fv ubA
zffrsfrD W mcwdvj, bfdj W jfsIvslv nfsK kfv sjfb zfsifN sb,
zvkf sb. (jc} 3/28, 5/57) jfvB, sn Hfstfhfsn kfsj, sp zffr W k]fv
vnCtsj Hfstfhfsn hQ mlhfsn kfsj, sp zffr W k]fv bhDsj mlhfsn.
mcndtm zffrv Hfstfhfnfq jfsj wvDj jsv bf. sn sjfb hAd hf hsj
mb Hfstfhfnf hfsn bf, spmb sn zffrsj hfsn. zKhf mb Hfstfhfsn bf
spmb, zffrsj hfnf dyk dYt. jfvB, kfsk mcwdvj rsk rq. (jc} 2/165)
mcndtm zffr W vnCstv iadk Hd W Hfstfhfnfv dblwGb W dyr jcvzfb W
ncfrv dbslGw W islwfhtDsj z[sv z[sv iftb jsv. (jc} 3/31) dhbf
zfmst Hd dmKAf. jfvB, siadmj kfv diaqksmv sjfbdlb zhfLAkf jvsk ifsv
bf. kfv mb diaqksmv mbmk yst -ksh Hfstfhfnf nkA rq, siam J]fde rq.
mcndtm pf dbsuv ubA iYl jsv kf zisvv ubAW jsv. zfv pf kfv dbje
ziYlbDq kf zisvv ubAW ziYlbDq msb jsv. (hc} 13) zfsifsN fkxk W
nrspfdokfv hb vfsJ. (jc} 39/10) Hfstf jfsuv zfslw slq W kfsk ivivsj
nfrfpA jsv hQ mljfsu hfLf slq W kfsk ivivsj sjfb iajfsvv nfrfpA
jsv bf. zfv dbsuW kfsk zQw oarB jsv bf. (jc} 5/2,9/71) rfk hf mcJ fvf hfLf
dlsk bf ifvst kfv zv kfsk OxBfshfL jsv. bsy{ sn mcdmb Kfsj bf. (mc} 49)
mcdmb spmb zffrsj Hfstfhfsn skmdb HqW jsv nhGfdLj. k]fv zfpfh, oph,
drnfh ufrffm W kfv Hqfbj zdosj Hq jsv. kf sjfb ifi zn{ jsmG
bfmsk Hq jsv.
mcndtm wcLc k]fsj Hq jsv. k]fsj spmb Hq jsv skmb zfv jfsj jsv bf.
sjfb wd W iakfisjW bq. (jc} 33/39) kfv k dwv dkdb YfVf zfv jfsvf
nmcsJ zhbk rq bf. zffrv wfdv nfmsb nxdv sjfb wfdsj sn djYc msb
jsv bf. zffrv zndsk jfsvf kcd sn yfq bf. (jc} 2/150)
mcdmb zffrv lqf W vrmk sKsj dbvfw rq bf. (jc} 12/87, 39/53) ifi jsv
sItst k]fv lqf W [mfv zfwf vfsJ W kWhf jsv. ifdKGh ncJ-fYlA sisq
zffrsj Hcst pfq bf. k]fv mjv W yf sKsj dbsusj dbvfil msb jsv bf.

()

`zffr W vnCt' lc dhswsNAv idvhskG `k]fslv' nhGbfm hAhrfv jvf pfq bf. jfvB,
kfskW dwsjGv o Kfsj. (mc} 870)

kfWrDl

124

(jc} 7/99)

k]fv uffskv stfH vfsJ, lwGsbv zfwf vfsJ. ksh k]fv lqf W vrmskv Hvnf
svsJ zfmt kAfo jsv bf. zfmt jvfv nfsK nfsK k]fv jvBfv zfwf vfsJ. zfhfv
wcLc dbu zfmstv iv mcdv hf uffskv Hvnf vfsJ bf. jfvB, hflf pf zfmt
jsv kf uffskv nfmfbA sjfb zQswvW mCtA bq. k]fv lqf W zbcora hAkDk sj
uffsk pfsh bf. (mc} 2816)
zfmt uffskv lfm hf hltf bq. hvQ uffk tfsHv jef srkc mf. sjbbf,
zffr pkef hflskv zdLjfvD kf sjfb hflf jvsk n[m bq. nfLAmk k]fv
hflk jvst dkdb k]fv lqfocsB hflfsj wfd lfb jvshb.
zfhfv mcndtm zfmt jsv dj zfwf jsv -kf jhct rsh dj bf? (jc} 23/60,
dn}n} 162) zfmstv isv kfv dbdyk Hvnf Kfsj bf, hvQ zfwf Kfsj.
jkGhA pKfnfLA iftb jsv lqfv nfosvv jfsY lqfv zfwf vfsJ. (jc} 2/218)
ksh zfwfv iv jsqjde iasqfubDq jkGhA vsqsY }- iaKmk} pf zfwf jsv
kfv iadk zfdvjkf W Hfstfhfnf vfJf. dlkDqk} zfjfd[k h bf ifWqf hf
zfwf iCvB bf rWqfv zfwf vfJf. (zsv mb Hq vfJf sp, k]fv sn zfwf rqskf
iCBG rsh bf.) kxkDqk} sn zfwf tfsHv diYsb nfLAmk syf vfJf. YfVf iadk
zfwf lcvfwf W nfL rsh pf sjfb dlb iCvB rhfv bq. (w} kf} 366)

H
Hvvnnff
sp zffrv iv Hvnf vfsJ kfv ubA dkdb psK. (jc} 65/3) mb zsbj
jfu zfsY spJfsb mfbcsNv klhDv zyt. sp jfsuv fv zffr hAkDk jfsvf
jfsY sb skmb sjfb jfsuv Hvnf sjfb bhD, WtD hf sjfb nxdv iv pdl vfJf
pfq, ksh kf dwsjGv ipGfqHc. jfvB, zffr jmf Hvnft. (jc} 5/23)
ksh k]fv iv niCBG zff W Hvnf svsJ klhDsvv iasqfub zfsY. (zhwA dkdb
Yf jvst dhbf klhDsvW hflfsj h djYc lfb jvsk ifsvb.) pdl sj
zffrv iv nkA Hvnf svsJ nfb yfq, nfb ifsh. dj kfv zfso klhDv
zKGf{ dhhfr W kfviv dmtb zhwA jvsk rsh. spmb ifdbsk U]fi dlsq Fchfv
nmq zffrv jfsY uDhsbv Hvnf svsJ wcLc `zffr kvfW' hst rfk-if zhn
svsJ of dtsq dlst rq bf. hvQ kfv kfWqfct kfsj htsh `rfk-if skf
bVfW.' zKGf{ n]fkfv skf jfefv syf jv. smfe jKf, kfWqfcstv nfsK klhDvW
iasqfub. iv sp wcLc klhDv hf hAhfhtsbv iv Hvnf vfsJ hQ zffrv
iv kfWqfct vfsJbf, sn mcdmb rsk ifsv bf. (jc} 10/84) (42)
() zHDtfsHv sswA hQ zbdHsiak rsk h]fyfv sswA klhDv (hf hAhfhtb) jsv

zffrv iv Hvnf vfJfsj `kfWqfct' hst. zkh pdl sj sjhtmf klhDsvv iv

Hvnf jsv, ksh sn dwsjG isV. zbAKf pdl sj klhDv bf jsv sjhtmf zffrv iv Hvnf
vfsJ, ksh sn zffrv drjmsk zfOfk jsv. zKy mrfb zffr klhDv, jfvB hf srkcv mfLAsm
jmG jsv Kfsjb. (jc} 2/26, 35/9) zfv dkdb iaskAj hv iyfsk djYc bf djYc jfvB hf srkc dbLGfvB
jsvsYb.

kfWrDl

125

sjfb hAd dhswsNv iv vuD-veDv niCBG Hvnf vfJf, yfjcvD W jfmf-v

iv nQnfv ytfv Hvnf vfJf, Fffsvv iv svfoDv zfsvfsoAv Hvnf vfJf sYfe
dwjG. zhwA sjfb hAdv iv sjfb jfpGHfv nmiBG jsv kfv iv zff vfJf
mfsbv sJtfI bq. spmb, jfsj hAhnfv Hfv slWqf, mfmtf-mjmfq djstv
iv zff vfJf kAfdl. jfvB, mcdmsbv zfnt Hvnf zffrv iv Kfsj hQ
hAhfhtb jef srkcmf, pf idvrfpG bq. zffrv bhD - v mk zffrv
iv sj pKfpK Hvnf W kfWqfct vfJsk ifsv? zKy dkdb nIsv nt nfsK
dbskb. pcs dhdH zw hAhrfv jvskb. kfWqfcstv nfsK klhDvW
jvskb.

z
zddk
kvvbb
zdkv djYc Hfstf bq. zdkvsb dudbsnv zfntk yfif isV hQ sn
zdkvsb [dkW rq hV. z Hvf Hdislv Hdsk zdkvvb W
hfVfhfdV jsv kfsj zfX sKsj mf'hcslv zfnsb si]ZsY slq. spmb, rsqsY rpvk
nf
v s[s. JaDfbvf k]fv iadk hfVfhfdV jsv k]fsj zffrv ic W zffr
smsb dbsqsY. Ist zffr sYsV bhDv hflk W iCuf jsv kfvf.
rpvk bCr
-v jWsm zX, ncqf, qfocn, qfj W bnXv bfmj i]fyub
sbj W nfstr stfj dYstb. (jc} 71/23) k]fslv hflk W sbj zfmstv jKf
mfbcsNv mfsU iadnW dYt. k]fslv ok rWqfv ivW sn iadnd mfbcsNv mfsU
nvBDq dYt. sjfb hflk jvfv nmq stfsj kf]slv hflk nvB jvk. k]fslv
jKf msb rst spb hflsk zdLj mb hnk. kf kfvf k]fslv jhv dpqfvk
jvk. djYcdlb iv k]fslv jhsvv Lfsv-ifsw hflk wcv jvt stfsj. ncspfo
sisq wqkfb Wslv msb zfv j bkcb jcmBf dlt sp, k]fslv mCdkG hfdbsq pdl
kfvf kfslv mudtsn (ShEjJfbfq) fib jsv kfrst k]fslvsj iafq nhG[B
dbjse slsJ k]fslv hflskv jKf nhGlf msb iVsh, Ist kfslv hflsk
msbfspfo hfVsh. dj kfvf v idvBfm hcUsk ifvt bf. wqkfb jxkfKG rt.
iadkmf hfdbsq kfslv mudtsn iadkdk rt. dj kJb k]fslv iCuf rk bf. sn
pcsov mfbcsNv mxkAc v iv ivhkDG hQwLvslv msb wqkfbD jcmBf iVt sp,
]slvsj nmcsJ svsJ kfslv dikf-dikfmrvf hflk jvk; hvQ ]slv iCuf
jvk. kfvf kf nkA sHsh wcv jvt mCdkGiCuf. zfv kJb sKsj nCybf rt
mCdkGiCufv. (hc} 4920)
zbcviHfsh sjfb WtDv kf'pDsm hfVfhfdV jsv iaaKsm k]fv jhv dpqfvskv Lcm
isV. kfviv kfv iv mfpfv SkvD rq. Hfhf rq sp, mfpfv dbmGfB jsv
zfstfdjk W idvY bf vfJst k]fv pKfKG kf'pDm rq bf. zk}iv msb jvf rq
sp, k]fv mfpfsv dosq zffrv jfsY lczf jvst k]fv mpGflfq dkdb lczf jhct jsv
sbb. isv LfvBf jvf rq, dkdb zffrv dbje lczf jsv mfbcsNv lc}J smfyb

kfWrDl

126

jsvb hQ nhGswsN mffdkdvHfsh kf'pDm jvsk dosq msb jvf rq, dkdb
nhdjYc dlsk ifsvb. k]fv bfsm bpvfbf hf jcvhfbD siw jvst zHD tfH rq
kAfdl. zfv Hfsh nCifk rq jhv iCufv.
kf zffr kfzftf LmDGq sjfb dhNsq mffdLj zdkdv W hfVfhfdV jvsk
hQ sjfb dhNsqq nDmftOb jvsk mcdmbslvsj dbsNL jvstb. (jc} 4/171, 5/77)
zfv k]fv diaq vnCt W k]fsj dbsq zdkvb hQ k]fv nnDm (zfc W vnCtc)
kf'pDsmv shVf zdkm jsv bfnfvfslv ifhtb jvsk dbsNL jsv sosYb. (hc}
3445) pfsk jsv k]fsj bhczkD sKsj kcst tfrD zfnsb nmfnDb bf jvf rq.
nQnfsv iaskAsjv dbu zfnb zfsY. mfsqv zfnb dH. Dv zfnb kfv sKsj
ixKj. mfsqv zfnb nhfv sKsj isv. Dv jfsY fmDv zfnb k. fmDv
zbAfbA zfkDqslv fb zftflf. kfslv - zfnb hf fb sKsj jfsj
mffdkdvHfsh sLG hfdVsq dlst nhGbfw Ose. pdl Dsj mfsqv zfnb W nfmDv
sjfb zfkDqsj (slhv kAfdlsj) nfmDv zfnb slWqf rq kfrst dbyq nQnfsv
zfocb tfso. mf hf nfmD kf sjfbdlb nrA jsv bf. zbcviHfsh sjfb nxdsj
nafv zfnsb, bhD, WtD hf zfXsj mf'hcslv zfnsb zdLdk jvst zhwA naf
mf'hcl kf sjfbdlb nrA jvshb bf.
klbcvi hflwfv sjfb iauf pdl hflwfrv hkGmfsb sjfb zmfkA hf HxkAsj
zKhf nfLfvB sjfb iaufsj k]fv zfnb slq, hflwfrv mk kfv kf'pDm W Jfdkv
jsv, kfv uqofb ofq, kfsj vfu ialfb jsv, vfuHdv bAfq kfsj zdkHd
jsv, ksh dbyq kf vfuslafdrkf hst oBA rsh. zfv vi dhslafrDsj vfuf sjfb
dlb [mf jvshb bf. skmdb vfufdLvfu zffrsj sYsV pdl kfv sjfb diaqub
zKhf nxdv bfsm uqofb ofWqf rq, bpvfbf siw jvf rq, snulf jvf rq, k]fv
mk Hd jvf rq ksh kf db}nslsr zffrslafdrkf rsh.
Hd W wafv zdkvsb spmb, nxdsj nafv zfnb slWqf rq, spmb zhf
bfnfvfslv; pfvf rpvk nf
-sj zffrv zfnsb hdnsqsY. dEj skmdb
zHd W zwafv zdkdvkfq mfbAsj OxsBAv zfnb slWqf rq, spmb, zhf
lDslv; pfvf rpvk nf -sj (dhbf dikfq um hst) ufvu hst zdHdrk
jsv. dj mcndtm pfv sp zfnb kfsj sn zfnsb vfsJ. bf kfv sLG zdLdk jsv
zfv bf- kfv dbsm zhkfvB jsv. jfvB, zdkvb iChhG kDG h mksj LQn
jsvsY. (mc} zf} 1/215, } mf} 3029)
mcndtm sjfb dlb `so]fVf' rq bf. (43) pfsj mfsb bf kfsj nfsbW bf. LmDGq
hAfifsvW sjfb hfVfhfdV jsv bf. hflk jsv, dj kfsk sjhfsv nQnfv ShvfoD
rq bf. (jc} 28/67, 57/27) ntfsm ShvfsoAv fb sb. (mc} zf} 6/226)
nQnfv kAfo jsv wcLc kinAf jvfq (IjDvD sbWqfq) ntfsmv zbcmdk sb.
ntfsmv bDdk `znQJA hb mfsU mrfblmq tdHh mcdv fl.' LmG uDhb, jmG

()

nkAfhtDsj sp `so]fVf' hst sn dmKAfhtsb j so]fVf. nkA W bAfsqv i[ifdkk

so]fVfdm bq. so]fVf skf kfvf, pfvf znkA W zbAfqsj zHfsh nkA W bAfq fb jsv kfv
zbcdyk i[ifdkk jsv.

kfWrDl

127

uDhb, nQnfdvj, nfmfduj, vfuSbdkj, zKGSbdkj nh uDhb mcndtsmv

uDhb. njt uDhsbv mfsU sKsj sn ivstfsjv ncJD uDhb yfq. njt
uDhsb zffrv nd zfsY; pdl kf k]fv nQdhLfb zbcpfqD idvyfdtk rq. zfv
sn uDhb rq `zfsvI dhfr'v uDhb. sp uDhsb nhGij
a fv hflk ni jsv
zffrv zdLj dpjXv jsv Kfsj. mrfb zffrv zdLj nvsB, djkfh W ncfv
oVsb W iadk isl mrfbhDv zbcnvsB odEk rq hlDoDv dpsloD hQ tfH rq
zdLj zffrv mf'svIfk.
zffr idh. dkdb idhkfsj iYl jsvb. (jc} 9/108) dkdb nclv,
snZlpGsj iYl jsvb. (mc} 91) dkdb yfb bf sp, hflf kfv ubA snZlpG kAfo
jvj. Hfstf JfWqf, Hfstf ivf huGb jvj. dhhfr-wflD bf jsv zKhf dhdY
rsq dbuGbkfq hsn wcLc `zffr-zffr' jvj. hvQ dkdb hflfv ubA nh djYc
yfb. nshv mfsU dkdb k]fv hflk yfb. ksh hflf spb kfsk dmkhAqD W
nQpmD rq. dbdlG nDmf spb Ob bf jsv. oc W iajfwA zwDtkf idvrfv
jsv. (jc} 5/87, 7/31-32)
htf hftA, mcndtm `zdk' W `bR'-v mLAhkDG if zhtb jsv. kf
zfdjlfq zffrv sjfb ocBsj sjfb nxdv ocsBv nfsK imf slq bf, zfhfv kf]sj
ocBrDbW msb jsv bf. zdLj hflsk dbsuv zfkfsj zdk j slqbf, zfhfv
zhsrtfq hflk kAfo jsvW hsn bf. ifsi (zdk mrfifi hAkDk) ifiDsj
jfsIv msb jsv bf, zfhfv jKfW hst bf sp, mfsbv iv sjfb ifi djYc [dk
jsv bf. kjlDvsj znDjfv jsv bf, zfhfv hflfsjW JdkqfvrDb ickctnm
Hfsh bf. sjfb bhD hf WtDsj zdkHdsk zffrv zfnsb hnfq bf hf zffrv
sjfb ocsB k]fslvsj zQwD jsv bf, zfhfv k]fslvsj zHdsk dbsuv zfnbycAkW jsv bf. Jvsy zdk lfbwDt hf zihAqD rq bf, zfhfv jxiB W hAqjcW
rq bf. (jc} 17/29, 25/67) JfslA (nfmKGA Kfjsk) m Jfhfv, ivsb m
sthfn idvkAfo jsv bf, mdtbkf W zidvYkf zhtb jsv bf, snZlpG hQ
lfikA ncJ si[f jsv nQnfv-kAfoD rq bf, zfhfv zdLj dhtfdnkf W lfikA
ncsJfisHfso m rsq lcdbqflfv rsqW pfq bf. nQnfv W hflk lc- bhDv
zflwG. (hc} 5063, mc}1401) ksh nQnfv it[A, dj hflk W zfsJvfk
rt mCt t[A. (jc} 28/77, 7/32)

j
cv
jv
c hhffbbDD
jcvhfbD W iwchdtlfb j hflk. kf jcvhfbD W pshr wcLc zffrv bfsm W
zffrv ubA dbdlG. dkdb YfVf sjfb bhD, WtD, dub, jhv hf loGfv bfsm hf kfv
ndv sswA (zffrv bfm fvf) pshr rfvfm W dwsjGv zH
cG . zfv sn
{ndoGk pshrjxk iwcv mfQnW mcndtsmv ubA rfvfm. zffr k]fv SbjeA tfsHv
ubA pk vjsmv hflk hflfsj dw[f dlsqsYb kfv msLA jcvhfbD W pshr
zbAkm. kf kf ofqvfrv ubA siw jvf zhwA pctcm. (jc} 5/3, 6/162, 108/2)
zdHw sn, sp zffr hAkDk zisvv sswA iwchdtlfb jsv. (mc} 1978)

kfWrDl

128

zhwA zffrv bfm fvf smrmfsbv ubA hf mfQsnv ubA pshr jvf ipGfsq
isV bf. jfvB, kfsk jfsvf nfmDiA hf kcdtfH t[A Kfsj bf.
spvi ofqvfrv bfsm hf sswA pshr dwjG dEj klbcvi mb fsb zffrv
bfsm W sswA pshr dbdN, sp fsb ofqvfrv bfsm ihdtlfb hf pshr jvf
rq. (mc} zf} 4/64, zf} lf} 3313) zkh sp Kfb, loGf, zffbf hf mfpfsv
ofqvfrv bfsm hf sswA ofqvfrv Hvf pshr jsv Kfsj, snJfsb sjfb
mcdmb zffrv sswAW jcvhfbD hf pshr jvsk ifsv bf. jfvB, kfsk hfrA
lxdsk mcwdvjslv nfsK nmKGb, nrmk W nrfqkfv dhjfw Ose. (jc} 9/108)

bbppvv W
W mmffbbk
k
bpv W mfbk mfbf hflskv zbAkm. kf zffr hAkDk sjfb bhD, WtD
hcpcoG, dub, jhv hf mfpfsvv bfsm bpv mfbf hf mfbdnj jvf dwjG. zffrv bfsm
bpv mfbst kf iCBG jvf hf zflfq jvf Wqfsuh. (jc} 22/29,76/7) nfb
tfsHv ubA, sjfb dhil sKsj mcd tfsHv zfwfq, hAhnfq tfsHv sswA djQhf
sjfb svfo-hftf lCv jvfv ts[A sjfb bhD, WtD hf iDsvv jhv hf mfpfsv efjfiqnf, dmEf, mcvoD, J]fdn, Lcihfdk, uftfbD skt kAfdl zKhf Ict hf yflv
yVfsbfv mfbdnj hf bpv mfbf db}nslsr zffrv hflsk wvDj jvf hQ
dhlzfk. pdl sj Hctsm vi bpv smsbW sIst, ksh kf icvf jvf zShL,
hQ kfv iv kWhf Wqfsuh. jfvB, sp hAd Lvsbv bpv-dbqfp smsb Kfsj
kfv dhhfsn bpv fvf pfv bfsm bpv mfsb- kfv nfdLA W nd tfH rq. Ist sn
kfv jfpG dn W zfwfiCBG jsv, kfsj svfo W dhilmc jsv, nfb lfb jsv
kAfdl. zKy v iaskAjdev mfdtj jmf zffr. kf zHDlfb p]fv nfsLA
k]fv jfsY bf sysq, k]fv bfsm bpv bf smsb k]fv nxdv jfsY yfWqf W bpv mfbf
zhwA zbAfq. iajfw Kfsj sp, ofqvfrv bfsm (bpv hf JcwDsk) {ndoGk
JflA, iwcv mfQn hf dmEf mcndtsmv ubA JfWqf rfvfm. (jc} 5/3, 6/121)

j
jnnmm hhff w
wi
iKK
mcndtm sjfb dhNsq jnm JfWqfv iasqfub msb jvst sjht zffrv bfsm
jnm Jfq. kfYfVf sjfb bhD, WtD, dIdvf, dub, hcpcoG, dikf-mfkf hf ic-fkfv
bfsm zKhf ziv jfsvf bfsm jnm jsv bf. jfvB, zffr hAkDk ziv jfsvf
bfsm jnm, rtI, wiK, dldhA hf djsv jvf (sYfe) dwjG. (hc} 6646, zf} lf} 3251, dk}

kfWrDl

129

1535)

jnsm pfv bfsm jnm jvf rq-kfv kf'pDm zKhf siam swA Kfsj. sp kf'pDm
W siam sjht zffrv iafiA. djQhf sp dhNsqv nkAkf W dbyqkfv iv wiK
jvf rq kf dmKAf rst pfv bfsm wiK jvf rq, wiKjfvD kfv mxkcA zKhf dhislv
zfwf jsv. zKy vi dhhfn pKfKG bq.
sjfb djYc iwG jsv hf Ycs] q htfW jnsmv ipGfqHc. spmb, mndul, dmv,
iDvktf, zffbf, sYstv mfKf, jfsvf of, syfJ hf h Ycs] q htf. klai dhlAf Y]csq,
t[D ycs] q (nfLfvBk} JflAh iwG jsv jnm jvf rq. de jde slhDv
bfm. ufsrt mcndtmvf zufs slhDv bfsmW rtI jsv.) mfde hf zbA djYc Ycsq]
htf. mfdv (smvD) hst dlhA jvf. zbcviHfsh,idym dlsj mcJ jsv htf, hncmkD
(ixdKhD hf mfde)sk l]fdVsq htf LsmGv slfrf dlsq htf kAfdl.
zsbj nmq ufsrtvf mrfmdrmfdhk zffrv bfsm dmKAf jnm sJsq Kfsj, dj
sYstv mfKf, iDvktf hf t[D kAfdl Ycs] q dmKAf rtI hf djsv sJsk Hq jsv.
Lvsbv mfbcsNv zffr ians fb hf LfvBf sp smfse sb, kf htf hftA
hk pfvf mcdmb bq kfslv dbje j zffrv jKf sdJk rst kfslv rlq
dhkxfq nQjcdyk rq. dj zffrv idvhskG kfslv mfbA hfdkt mf'hcslv jKf
sJ jvf rst kfvf zfbsl dnk rq. (jc} 39/45) Lvsbv dhhfsn dwsjG
zfjhv rq.
iajk
x mcdmsbv dbje zffr nh sysq mrfb. k]fv mrskv jfsY nmoa nxd skf
]sev dhfv mk. (srlfqf zsbrfqf zfWqfsvI 63 hfh, IfWqfsqlct IfWqfsql
3q J 8m mudtn) kf]v bfsmv kf'pDm sn pKfKG jsv. kf jnm Jfq skf k]fv
bfsm. sjfb dhNsq k]fv bfsmv jnm pdl kfsj zbA sj slq ksh kf smsb sbq.
k]fv bfsm wiKjxk jKfq sn niCBG dhwfn jsv. (mc} zf} 5/24, } mf} 2101,
n} uf} 7124) skmdb k]fv bfm dbsq kfv jfsY sj djYc yfst kfsj dlsq
Kfsj. (mc} zf} 2/68, zf} lf} 1672, bf} 2568)
k]fv bfsm jKfq jKfq zpKf jnm Jfq bf. (jc} 2/224) dmKAf jnm skf Jfq
bf. zpKf wiK jsv hAhnfq tfH jvsk yfq bf. jfvB, kf mrfifi W
hjGkdhbfwD. (hc} 2087, mc} 1606)
mcndtm zffrv iv jfsvf bf jvfv ubA jnm Jfq bf. spmb, `zffrv
jnm! zffr spb Wslv [mf bf jsv' hf `zffrv jnm, zffr spb Wslv LQn
jsv' kAfdl. zhwA sj kfv zffrv iadk lxP iakAq, zff W mfsbv
{nfrhst jnm jvst hQ dbsuv lcht
G kf nDjfsvv nfsK zffrsj djYcsk hfLA
msb bf jvst, snvi mcdmsbv ubA zffrv iv jnm JfWqf ShL. zfv
jnsm zffr hflfv zHD iCBGW jsvb. (hc} 2703, mc} 1676, 2621,

2622)

klbcvi k]fv iv sjfb ofqvfrv jnmW Jfq bf. spmb, `zffr skfmfsj
skfmfv bhDv wiK hf zftDv jnm, zfmfv sYst h]fdysq bfW' kAfdl. vi jnm
zhwA dwjG, spmb iCshG zfstfdyk rsqsY.
mcndtsmv dbje zffr spsrkc mrfmrDqfb, kf k]fv bfsm spmb dmKAf jnm Jfq
bf, skmdb sjfb jfu jvfv dbyqkf dlsq rtI jvst kf zhwA jsv. jvsk bf

kfWrDl

130

ifvst jfIXIfvf dbyq zflfq jsv. (44) bsy{ sn ifiD rsh.

zffrv pKfKG kf'pDm iajfswv sswA mcndtm k]fv bfsmv nfsK `kfzftf,
zfppf zuf' kAfdl pc jsv.

k
kffhhDDpp
sjfb mnDhk hf dhO dbhfvB jvfv ubA, nfmD-Dv mfsU siam nxdv sswA, dub
dhkfVb hf Ov h jvfv sswA kfhDp (jhy hf mflcdt, sjfb Lfkc dbdmGk) hftf,
sbfqf hf ncskf kAfdl hAhrfv jvf mcdmsbv mfb zniCBk
G fv nf[A. nh
hAhrfv jvf hAhrfjfvDv dhwfnfbcpfqD dwsjG zfjhvW rsk ifsv; dwsjG zfnovW.
kfhDp sbfqf kAfdlsj NsLv nfsK kctbf jvf mrf Hct. jfvB, zffr-ifj
iaskAj svfsov iadksNLj NL dlsqsYb hQ kf hAhrfv jvfv zbcmdkW
dlsqsYb. NsLv iadkdqf [mkf zfsY. dj kfhDp hf hftfv mnDhk lCv jvfv
nfsK sjfb nijG sb, kfv msLA sn wdW sb. dhil-hftf lCv jvfv [mkf
wcLc zffrv rfsk. (jc} 10/107) k]fv hAhf-ifbcnfsv iftb W NL hAhrfv
jvst Sldrj zfil-hftf lCv rq hQ zfdkjW.
dkdb iaskAj hv iyfsk sjfb bf sjfb jfvB hf srkc nxd jsvsYb, pfv
ndmtsb sjfb djYc nQOdek rsq Kfsj. djYc skf wvqD (dhdLok) hQ djYc
nxdok iafjxdkj (Shfdbj) srkc. lcde srkc YfVf sjfb dudbsnv iadkdqfsk
mcdmsbv iakAq umfsk ifsv bf.(45)
kf sjfb zfsvfoA-zfwfq hAhrfpG hv mfsU pdl lcde srkcv sjfbde bf Kfsj,
kfrst kf hAhrfv jvf hf kfsk zfsvfoA tfsHv zfwf vfJf zKhf Hvnf jvf dwjG
rsh. zkh sp h Shfdbj oshNBfq hf zdHkfq zKhf wvDqkD Ifqnftfq
svfsov iadkjfvj, iadksNLj W dhOdbhfvj hst dydrk rsqsY, sn h hAkDk
zbA sjfb hsj sjhtmf LfvBf W zdhhfsn zhAKG NL msb jvf W kf
hAhrfv jvf ShL bq.
zffrv bhD hstb, dbyq (m fvf) UfVI]cj, kfhDp-jhy W spfo-pflc
hAhrfv dwjG. (zfhC lfl 3385bQ) sp nm kfhDp bf hfdbsq nQJAf fvf dtJf
rq, sjfb dIdvf, dub djQhf wqkfsbv bfm fvf SkvD jvf rq zKhf sjfb
skstmfdk uflcdhlAfv nfrfpA dbsq zKhf sjfb Lfkc, iwc-ifJDv rfV, stfm hf
iftj djQhf ofsYv dwjV dlsq hfbfsbf rq, kf hAhrfv jvf db}nslsr dwjG.
zhwA jcvzfbD zfqfk fvf dtdJk kfhDp ians tfmfslv msLA mksHl
vsqsY. ksh kfW hAhrfv bf jvfef ndEj. jfvB, iaKmk} zffrv vnCt
kfhDp hAhrfvsj dwjG hstsYb. kfsk nm vjsmv kfhDp d rsk ifsv.
dlkDqk}, jcvzfbD zfqfk fvf dtdJk kfhDp hAhrfvjfvD otfq, rfsk djQhf
()10 ub dmndjbsj nfLfvB mLAm Lvsbv JflAlfb zKhf kfslvsj hlfb djQhf jde

Dklfn mc jvf, zfv nsh nmKG bf rst dkb dlb svfpfhak iftb jvf. (jc} 5/89)
() fkhA sp,pflc, laufdtj W wqkfbD iadkdqfW ntfsm Djxk.

kfWrDl

131

sjfmsv sh]sL ianfa h-ifqJfbf jvsh, D-dmtb jvsh, mdrtfvf mfdnj zhfq W
zbAfbA zidhkfq hAhrfv jvsh. pfsk jcvzfb mfuDslv znmfb W zmpGflf
rsh. (46)
kxkDqk}, pdl vi kfhDp hAhrfv ShL jvf pfq, kfrst zjcvzfbD kfhDpW
hAhrfv jvsk slJf pfsh. kf dwsjGv mCstf{ifeb jvfv mfbsn kfv dYiK
h jvsk jcvzfbD kfhDp hAhrfvW zShL rsh.
ykcKk
G }, bhD jvDm UfV-Icj
] jsvsYb, jvsk zfslw W zbcmdk dlsqsYb
hQ k]fv dbsuv isvW UfV-I]cj jvf rsqsY. zkh pdl jcvzfbD kfhDp
hAhrfv ufsqp rk, kfrst dbyq dkdb nisjG sjfb dbslGw dlskb. zKy
jcvzfb W ncfq mb sjfb dbslGw ifWqf pfq bf. (m}pf} hsb hfp 2/384)
zbcviHfsh sjfb tsjsev iv `zffr' hf `mcrfmfl' hf sjfb jcvzfbD
zfqfk hf lczf dtsJ hAhrfv jvfW ipGfsq isV.
sjfb svfo dbvfmq hf dhO-hftf dbhfvB jvfv sswA jcvzfbD zfqfk ifE
jsv ifdbv iv lm jsv zKhf sjfb idh ifs dtsJ kf ifdb fvf sLZk jsv
ifb jvf pfq. (pf} mf} 3/381)
mcndtm spmb dbsusj djQhf kfv dwwcsj hlbpv, dub-Hck hf svfo-hftf rsk
h]fyfhfv ubA kfhDp hAhrfv jsv bf, (hvQ kfv ubA pKfpK bhhD lczf hAhrfv
jsv,) skmdb kfv hfdV, ofdV, i, s[skv Int hf ofsYv Itfdlsj hlbpv hf
zbAfbA zfil rsk h]fyfhfv ubA mcsVf U]fef, kfv, sY]Vf sbjVf, uft hf ucskf,
stfrf, kfmf, sjfb iwcv mc hf rfV, mfdev Hff rf]dV, Hff UcdV, zfmVfv zf]dE,
kAfdl hAhrfv jsv bf. klai tobLvf hv-jsbv rfsk hf jifst ncskf h]fLf,
(nfLfvBk} hlbpv hf dub kAfdl sKsj v[f tfsHv sswA) ns nhGlf stfrf
(p]fdk hf jfut tkf) vfJf, dhhfsrv iv lfiskAv mt hf nfmD-Dv hbD sHsh
Dv (qkDv iakDjvsi) rfsk ycdV hf sjfb ztfv (zbcviHfsh nfmDv nfsKW
zfQde) vfJf uvvD Hfhf, sYstslv Jkbf jvfv iv kfslv ifsq hf rfsk stfrf
h]fLf, mxskv sofnt slWqfv iv kfv mqtfdl sItsk pfWqfv nmq ns stfrf
vfJf, zf]kV
c Osv stfrf, mcsVf U]fef hf sY]Vf uft kAfdl vfJf, sjfb Jfhfv dudbn
hfdVv hfsv sost kfsk stfrf hf tf iaHdx k vfJf, ofdVsk sY]Vf uckf h]fLf
kAfdl -pfsk wvqD hf dydj{nf dhfsbv sjfb pcd hf srkc Kfsj bf kf- hAhrfv
jvf dwsjGv swaBDHc.

U
c] j
UffV
VI
Ij
c]
mcndtm wvqD srkcsk pKfKG dhhfn vfsJ. jcvzfbD zfqfk hf (nrDr) lczfsq
vnCt fvf UfVI]sc j svfoD nc rsk ifsv. dhswN jsv dhNf uv lQwsb,

() Wslv msk kfhDp sh]sL mVfOv hf zf]kcVOv sost kfhDp Yck rsq pfq. dj zYcskv ofsq

kfhDp dj jsv Yck bf rsq Kfsj?

kfWrDl

132

hlbpsv (47) W wqkfb lCvDjvBfsKG jfpGjvD. spmb, mcndtm dhhfn vfsJ jcvzfbD
zfqfk W lczfv wd, iaHfh W iadkdqfv iv hQ zffrv nxd iaskAj
ilfsKGv dbu LmG W iajdx kok ocsBv iv. spJfsb zffrv zfslsw k]fv
zbcok dIdvfoB dhdH dqf-iadkdqf nfLb jsv Kfsjb. spmb, rfvfm-jfspG
hQ spfo-pflc iaHdx kv iadkdqfsk wqkfb nfrfpA jsv Kfsj.
UfV-I]j
c ntfsm nDjxk. vnCt UfVI]cj jsvsYb hQ k]fv iv jvf rsqsY.

(mc} 2191, 2192, 2186)

zkh mcndtmW UfVIcj

] jvsk ifsv. dj v ShLkfv ubA dkbde wkG
zfsY. iaKmk} spb kf jcvzfbD zfqfk, (nrDr) lczfsq vnCt zKhf zffrv
zfnmf W dnIfk (bfm W ocBfhtD) fvf rq. dlkDqk}, zfvhD HfNfq hQ kfv
zKG shfLomA rq. kxkDqk} spb svfoD W UfVI]cjjfvD dhhfn vfsJ sp,
UfVI]sc jv (zbcviHfsh NsLv) dbu sjfb wd hf kfnDv sb. hvQ (kf
zffrv lfsb) zfsvfoA k]fv Yf W kjlDsvv iv rq. zkh sjfb dIdvf,
dub hf sjfb slhkfv (spmb, Nfe hf Nd mfsqv) bfsmv dpjXv dbsq zKhf sjfb
zKGrDb mk fvf UfVIcj
] jvf hf jvfsbf dwsjGv zH
cG .
UfV-I]sc jv iv sjfb dhdbmq oarB jvf mcndtsmv ubA ShL. (hc} 5737, mc} 2201)

ppffllc c
pflc nkA. zffrv bhD -sj pflc jvf rsqdYt. (mc}2189, hc} 3268) pflc
sjfb dudbsnv iajdx k idvhkGb jvsk ifsv bf; hvQ bjt hf jxdm sJqft W
LfvBfv um slq. iajk
x is[ pf bq kf shfL rq hf msb rq mf, spmb utfk
svfoDv s[s rsq Kfsj. kf pflc-jxk hAd vdwsj nfi msb jsv. (jc} 20/66)
zjfvsB Hq sisq Kfsj. pf jsvdb kf jsvsY msb rq kAfdl.
pflcv iadkdqf mdsj rq. kfsk wfvDdvj [dkW rq hQ kf shwDv Hfo
s[s wqkfbD nrfqkfq rq. kf pflcdhlAf dw[f mcndtsmv ubA zShL W rfvfm.
dub W wqkfb fvf pflc jvf dwsjGv swaBDHc. sjfb NL hf udVheD fvf rst
dwjG bf rstW sofbfsr jfhDvf (mrfifi) rsh.
sp pflcjv kfv mhst sjfb dub hf wqkfbsj hwDHCk jsv pflcv jfsu
hAhrfv jsv, sn jfsIv. (jc} 2/102) ntfmD zfsb kfv wfd rkAf. (dk}
1460) spmb, sp msb jsv sp kfv pflc zffrv zbcmdk W Yf dhbf zKhf
zdb nfLb jvsk ifsv, snW jfsIv.

ssu
uAAffddk
kNN W
Wr
rffk
kooBBff
sjfb mcdmb dbu HfoA W HdhNA{ ufbfv ubA sjfb IjDvhfhf, oBj hf
() hl-bpv tfof nkA W ntfsm nDjxk. pfv bpsv bpv stsosY kfsj ufbsk ifvst kfv

sofnt jvf ifdb fvf pfsj bpv stsosY kfsj sofnt jvfstW dbvfmq rq.

kfWrDl

133

suAfdkNDv jfsY pfq bf. rfdvsq pfWqf dudbsnv sJ]fsu zKhf sjfb zlxwA Jhv
ufbfv sswA sjfb dubhfhf hf dubdhdhv dbje zfsn bf. kfslv zlxwA Jhsv W
HdhNA{hfBDsk dhhfnW jsv bf. jfvB, kfsk sn mfb sKsj Jfdvu rsq spsk
ifsv. (mc}zf} 2/408, zf}lf} 3804) spsrkc njt iajfv Hck-HdhNA{ W
zlxswAv Jhv jmf zffr ufsbb. (jc} 6/59,27/65)
zffr kfzftf kfvjfvfdusj zfjfwmtDv snZlpG W ncswfHbkfv ijvB,
sofisb zfnmfbD kKA nQoarjfvD wqkfb ltsj dhkfdVk jvfv ubA kfslv iadk
s[iBDq z (jf)vi hQ zjfsv ut W tisKv idKjslv ubA iK
dbslGwj W dlj dbBGfqj vi nxd jsvsYb. (jc} 6/97, 16/16,37/610,67/5) ixdKhDv mtfmt OebfOesbv nfsK k]fv nxd-dhdysv sjfb
nijG sb. kf mcndtm suAfdkNdhlAfv wcHfwcH dhyfsv dhhfnD bq. hxd-hNGf W
It-Instv dhLfkfW zffr. sjfb vfdwysv hst bf hxd rq, bf Int Ist.
nh djYc k]fv dsk Ose Kfsj, mfbcN zbcmfb W LfvBf jsv mf.
jfsvf rsvJf slsJ HfoA W HdhNA{ dbviB, Sldrj sjfb t[B spmb, sevf
y[c, sufVf ,jCioft, Yq zfct, dkt, uVct iaHdx k slsJ HfoA hf ydv dhyfv,
`zfhufdl' drnfh ucsV, Iftbfmf Jcst, wcHfwcsHv z[v hf rvI dbdlG jsv y[c
hcsu rfk dlsq, IftjfdE sesb, hf ifJD dVsq HfoA-HdhNA{ hf pff-jmG kAfdlv
wcHfwcH dbLGfvB ufsrdtqfdk W mCJk
G f. ntfm nhsj nmKGb jsv bf. (jc}
5/90) mcndtm nsh dhhfn jsv bf. klbcvi rfk yfdtsq, hlbf Ocdvsq nfi
slJf, syfv Lvf hf djYc htfW zbcmfb mf.
zhwA sjfb dhNsqv mDmfQnf W Ifqnftfv ubA (spmb sjfb jfsu jfdLj
stfsjv msLA sj nhGfsoa zQw oarB hf zfvH jvsh kf dbBGq jvfv ubA) tefdv
jvf pfq hQ ef ipGfsqv bq. iajfw Kfsj sp, hkGmfsbv tefdv sJtfq zQw
oarB jvf hQ kfsk icvfv oarB jvf mcndtsmv ubA rfvfm.

ooffqqhhDD JJhhvv
tsm ofqh dhbf sjfb znDtf hf mfLAsm oc zlxwA hf Hck-HdhNAskv Jhv
ufbfsj hst. vi fb sjfb nxdv msLA sb. jmf nxdjkGfv zffr
dhNsq nmAjX idvfk. (jc} 27/65)
dj pdl sj sjfb znDtfv mfLAsm sjfb zlxwA dhNsqv fb tfH jsv Kfsj
ksh kf ofqhD Jhv ufbf bq. zkh pdl sj dIdvfv nfrfspA (zfdqfosBv
ubA dbdlG) zlxwA hf HCk-HdhNAskv Jhv hst Kfsjb ksh kf tsm ofsqh
bq. kf zfdqfoB ofsqh ufbskb bf. jfvB, k]fslv nm Jhv zffrv kvI
sKsj duhaDt
jkxj
G WrD mfvIk idvshdwk rk.
zbcviHfsh sj sjfb dub hf wqkfsbv nfrfspA zlxswAv Jhv hst Kfjst
kfW ofsqh ufbf hf htf bq. spmb, sjfb iadn hAd zfmfslv lxswA sb. zfmvf
pdl kfv nisjG sjfb Jhv pfv jfsY dub zfsn mb hAdsj dusn jdv hQ

kfWrDl

134

sn dub iadn hAdsj dysb Kfsj hQ dkmsLA kfsj slsJ Kfsj djQhf kfv
nisjG wcsb Kfsj W kfv mfbcN nDsj Jhv slq hQ sn zfmfslvsj hAdv
Jhv ufbfq ksh kf ofsqh hf zlxswAv Jhv bq, hvQ lxswAv Jhv.
i[fsv dub lx hf wak dhNsqv k hAkDk zlx-iChG hf zwakiChG sjfb HckhkGmfb zKhf HdhNAskv k ufbsk hf ufbfsk ifsv bf. (jc} 34/14) jfsvf
djYc ycdv rsq sost syfsvv nfb slWqf sjfb dusbv is[ nHh bq. ksh ycdvv
nmsq pdl dub snJfsb hkGmfb sKsj syfvsj slsJ W dysb Kfsj zKhf syfv sj kf
jfsvf jfsY wcsb Kfsj, ksh rqskf htsk ifsv. zfv kf ofqhD kKA bq.
klbcvi pspfso sjfb zlxswAv nfb ufbf sost kfW ofsqh ufbf bq. spmb,
oHGhkDv osHG dj nfb zfsY kf psv fvf hcUf sost kf zlxwA fb bq.
skmdb lDOG ivD[f, nmD[f hf zdHkfv Ist sp Jhv idvshwb jvf rq kfW
ofqhD Jhv bq. spmb, yla W nCspGv lqf W oarB, sufqfv-Hfef kAfdlv dbdlG
nmqfdl ufbf ofsqh ufbf bq. zfhfv Lvsbv ksKAv hf drnfshv Jhsv HctfdW Ose Kfsj.
h oBsjv jKf pf vse, kfv djYc bf djYc nkA Ose. r]Af, zffr kfzftf pJb
zfnmfsb ixdKhDv sjfb Oebfv Ifqnftf jsvb, dIdvfvf sn jKf wcsbb spb
ifKsvv iv dwjt iVfv w. kfsk k]fvf OfhsV pfb hf mCdYGk rb. k]fslv
OfhVfdb hf mCYfG lCv rst sj zivsj iaw jsvb, `zffr dj htstb hf dj
Ifqnftf jvstb?' hstb, `nkA.' dIdvfosBv zfsifsNv zfstfybfq dbm
zfnmfsbv dIdvfmtDW wfdmt rb. kfv djYc ycdv-Ycsi wqkfb dub wcsb sbq
hQ kfvfW sj zivsj zfsifsnv msLA ufdbsq Kfsj. zfjfswv Lfsv-ifsw
wcbsk sost jf Ycse sn hfLf slq. zffr ifj zfjfwsj zhfLA wqkfb rsk
srIfpsk svsJsYb. Ist sn LG uoskv djYc wahB jvsk ifsv bf. (jc} 37/7-

10)

djYc wqkfb sn Jhv ixdKhDsk kfslv nryv oBjslv msb si]ZsY slq. oBjvf
kfslv zbcmfb W LfvBfv zfsvf wk dmKAf ucsV dhwlHfsh iayfv jsv. Ist pf
nkA kf nkA Ose, djYc zflfuW ndEj rsq pfq hQ zdLjkv dmKAf W
zhfh. (jc} 26/21-223, hc} 4701)
zkh djYc iajk
x nkA OdekhA Jhv, oBj sjfb wqkfsbv mfLAsm ufbsk
ifsv. nckvfQ kfW kfv ofsqh ufbf bq. skmdb zbcmfb W LfvBfW ofsqh ufbf
bq. kf jJsbf dEj rskW ifsv; dj shwDv Hfo Hct rsq Kfsj.
ofsqshv yfdh i]fyde, pf sjfb iajfsv zffr hAkDk sj
ufbsk ifsv bf }1. dhh jJb LQn rsq mrfiatq dlhn djqfmk jJb nQOdek rsh.
2. hxd jJb, sjfKfq hQ dj idvmfsB rsh. zfhrfWqfv iChhG fkGfq hxd rhfv
iCshG psv nfrfspA djYc t[B Lsv hNGsBv nHfhbf htf rq mf hQ zbcmfb
jsv kfv fb W idvmfB sOfNBf jvf rq. kf tsm ofqh bq. sn Jhv jJsbf
ndEj rq zfhfv jJsbf Hct.
3. oHGhkDG osHGv B, oHGfwsq zhfbjft, zfqc, zfmt, vuD, HfoA hQ

kfWrDl

135

zfjxdk iajfw ifWqfv iCshG sn sYst bf smsq, dhjtf bf iCBfG kAfdl dhNq.
zfjxdk zfnfv iv zKhf sjfb nmD[fv Ist sjfb dbdlG t[B fvf sjfb
psv nfrfspA kfv dt, z-dhjxdk kAfdl dbLGfvB jvf tsm ofqh bq.

(I}t} 2/116, I}} 3/77)

4. sj zfofmD jft (HdhNAsk) dj jvsh, dj Oesh kAfdl. rqskf idvjibf

W mb} jsv sj htsk ifsv sp, jft sn hfufsv pfsh hf mfsE pfsh. dj sn
ufsb bf sp, rEf{ jsv kfsj rfnifkft spsk rsh zKhf Osv Kfjsk rsh.
5. sj sjfKfq mvsh. ust-st bf wCsbA, Osv, hfsv, oafsm bf hdr}oafsm.
nm dhfdvk ndEj W dbJck
] dhhvB zffr hAkDk sjfb bhD ,WtD, dub, jfsvf
fb, dhfb zfslZ htsk ifsv bf. (jc} 31/34)

z
zH
H LLffvvBBff
mcndtm sjfb h hf Oebf dhswNsj zH t[B hst mfsb bf. kfv zsv Kfsj
zffrv iv iCBG zff W Hvnf. sjfb djYcsj zH LfvBfq sn sjfb jfsu
diYif rq bf. sjfb hYv, sjfb mfn sjfb dlb kfv zH bq. sjfb fb, iafBD
hf hAd dhswsNv jfvsB sjfb zmt zfsn bf.
zhwA mb bfm pfv zKG msb Hq W zwcH LfvBfv nxd jsv skmb bfmsj
mcndtm OxBf jsv. jfvB, hAdv iv bfsmv kfnDv ntfsm Djxk. (hc} 6190)
mtfmt skf zffrv rfsk, k]fv Yfsk sn Kfsj. kf sn hst bf W
dhhfn vfsJ bf sp, zmcj mfsn dhhfr sb, zmcj dlsb Lfb dlsk sb, h]fw jfesk
sb, pff sb kAfdl. njft shtfq zmcj slJst nfvfdlb zmst jfse.
zmfhnAfq zmcj jvst zmcj rq kAfdl.
zbcviHfsh, sOfVf, ov, mdrN iaHdx kv s[s jift y]flf rst zH LfvBf,
jcjsc vv jffncsv Ffj wcsb hf l]fV jfsjv `jf-jf' wcsb sjfb lcOeG bf hf zfymjf
dhil zfn Hfhf, jfsvf j y[c slJst UoVf rsh Hfhf, hfmy[c tfIfst
sbfjnfb rsh msb jvf mcndtsmv ubA dyk bq.
ksh nmsq sjfb Hfstf W rlsqv {Ickflfqj jKfsj H t[B hst mfbsk
ifsv. jfvB, kfsk kfv msbfht lxP rq hQ jfsu {nfr ifq. (rf}) lfrvB
vi jub sjfb zdIsn yfjcvDv ubA zfshlb i siw jsvsY. dj kf mcv
hf oxrDk rsh dj bf kf dbsq kfv msb Jch nQwq ndk rsqsY hQ kfv It
ufbfv ubA dhswNHfsh iakD[f jvsY. sn sswA pfhfv isK dhNsqv sjfb
Hfviaf zdInfsvv nfsK nf[f{ rt. kfv bfm dusn jvst htt, `mbpcvt
rj.' kJb kfv H LfvBf rt sp, dbyq- zffr yfst kfv lvJf mcv rsh.
zbcviHfsh ne W nmnAfv isK sjfb fsbv bfm nmfLfbicv wcbst nmfLfsbv
zfwf jvf, hAhnfv isK mcbfIfv jKf wcbst tfH rWqfv zfwf jvf dblbDq bq.
ksh hfufsvv bfm tfHicv rst sp snJfsb sjfb sbfjnfb rsh bf hQ jfsvf
bfm lf rst sp sn shlf W zfcfr hf mkDv vrmfb rst sp sn syfv rsh bf

kfWrDl

136

kf bq.
zH hf jct[BDq pdl djYc rq ksh kf, oxr, D hQ sOfVf. (mc} 2225) dj
nhW jct[B bq. zKhf nshv jct[B htsk hfdrAj [dkv jKf Lvf pfq.
spmb, Dv jct[B } kfv hAk W ydvrDbkf, oxsrv jct[B } nDBGkf W
iadkshwDv jlfyvB hQ sOfVfv jct[B } kfv ixs yVsk bf slWqf W ml
zfyvB jvf iaHdx k.
sjfb h dhswNsj zwcH hf jct[BDq hst mfbf hf dhil zfnfv jfvB mfbfq
zffrv iadk ml LfvBf sifNB jvf rq. zKy mcndtm zffrv iadk ncLfvBf
vfJsk zfdl rsqsY. kf djYc slsJ hf wcsb dhislv zfwf bf jvf, zffrv
iv Hvnf vfJf hQ zffr kfsj dhiloa jvshb bf - LfvBf jvf zffrv
iadk ncLfvBf. zbAKf jcLfvBf W ifi.

ppsc sc oovv ssllffNN

mcndtm pco, ufmfbf djQhf sjfb iafjxdkj zhfsj ofdt slq bf. sjfb dhil W
dhipGsq pco, jft, smO, hxd, UV hf kcIfbsj slfNfsvfi jsv bf. jfvB, zffr
dhshv dbqf, pcsov mfdtj, -pcsov dhhkGb dkdb Oefb. iafjxdkj dbqsmv
dbqfmj dkdb. zkh pco hf iajdx ksj ofdt dlst, (j) kfsj ofdt slWqf rq sp
ofdt JfWqfv ipc bq. jfvB, pco hf iajdx k skf zffrv nxd, kfv sjfb
zivfL sb. hvQ sn skmb yst spmb dkdb yftfb. kfv sjfb Jdkqfv sb.
(J) dwjG jvf rq. jfvB, iajdx ksj oft-mljfvD kJb oft-ml jsv pJb sn
LfvBf jsv sp, -zdbsv diYsb iajdx kv rfk zfsY. zKy iajdx k hf pcsov
dbu sjfb Jdkqfv sb. (o) sn ofdt isvf[Hfsh pco hf iajdx kv nxdjkGf,
mfdtj W iadkiftjsj tfso. jfvB, dkdb pco W iajdx k idvyftbf W dbqB
jsv Kfsjb. kf pco hf iajdx ksj ofdt dlst zffrsj j slWqf rq. (hc}

7491, mc} 2246)

zhwA pco htsk pdl sj pcsov mfbcNsj hcUfq hQ kfv idvddk hBGbf jsv,
spmb hst `pfmfbf hV Jfvfi, pco hV OcNsJfv.' iajdx k ns idvddk hBGbfq
spmb, `lcdbqf hV fKGiv, nhGofa nD hf nhGbfwD (ofdtv zsKG bq) hbAf hf UV, dhwaD
ovm kAfdl hst, kfrst kf slfNfhr bq.
mcdmb ufsb sp, sp dhil zfsn kf kfv sjfb sofbfsrv jfvsB zfsn. kf sn pco
hf iajdx ksj ofdt bf dlsq dbsuv zfkfsj H{Gdnk jsv hQ kWhf jsv. zfv
jfsIv, Ifsnj hf ufsrt jsv v dhivDk.

z
cj
zffbbj
c vvBB
mcndtm nmfuh rsq hfn jsv. nlGfv dbhGfdyk jsv W kfv zfbcokA jsv. nhG
dhNsq jmf zffr W klDq vnCt -v (djkfh W nrDr ncfrv) zbcjvB

kfWrDl

137

jsv. zufbf dhNsq ntsI-nfstrDbslv (nfrfhf W kfshqDb), mcrfsnDb,

zfsqmfsq mcukfsrlDb W tfmfslv zbcjvB jsv. dj jfsvf zfbcjvB jsv
bf. jcvzfb W ncfrv dbslGswv iv jfsvf dbslGw W vfqsj zbcjvBDq hst msb
jsv bf. pf zffr W vnCt rfvfm jsvsYb jfsvf vfq msk kf rftft msb jsv bf
hQ pf rftft jsvsYb jfsvf jKf smfkfshj kf rfvfm Hfsh bf. jfvB, vi
zbcjvB dwsjGv ipGfqHc. (jc} 9/31, dk} 3095)
zbcviHfsh hfi-lflfv ivivfok sjfb iaKf, zfyfv hf vDdk-svWqfu -pf
ntfmD wvDqskv ivDiD rq- kfv zbcjvB jvfW dwsjGv swaBDHc.
mcndtm nlGfsvv nlGfvD W sbkfv sbkxk mfsb, kfslv zfbcokAW jsv. dj
zffr W vnCstv bfIvmfbD jsv sjfb zbAfq W ifi jfspG zfbcokA bq. ic
mfkf-dikfv hQ D nfmDv zfbcokA jsv. dj zffr W vfnCstv dbslGw zmfbA
jsv sjfb odrGk jfsu bq. spmb dikf-mfkf pdl svfpf vfJsk dbsNL jsv, zn{
jfsu iqnf zuGb jvsk hst zKhf sjfb dwjG jvsk hst hQ nfmD pdl ilGfq
Kfjsk dbsNL jsv zKhf sjfb sbfQvf jfsu bfmsk dbslGw slq zKhf sjfb LmGDq
jfsu hfLf slq, ksh kfslv zfslw mfbf rfvfm. (jc} 29/8, hc} 71/44, mc}
18/39, mc} zf} 5/66) i[fsv zfmDv nlGfv mfm hf sbkf pk pctcm hf
zkAfyfv jvj, mcndtm kfv ubA hczf jsv bf. kfv dhvs dhslafr hf pc
sOfNBf jsv bf. hvQ kk[B ipG kfv zfbcokA jsv, pk[B ipG bf sn sjfb
sofbfr hQ zffr W vnCstv bfIvmfbD jvfv zfslw slq W iajfwA jcIvDsk
dt rq. hvQ kfv ubA srlfsqk nciK W ncmdk iafdv lczf jsv hQ sofisb
bnDrk W ivfmwG lfb jsv Kfsj. zffrv dhNsq rj jKfq jfsj Hq hQ
jfsvf skfNfml jsv bf. jfvB, zfmDsvv zfbcokA Wqfsuh. (jc} 4/59, hc}
7056, mc} 1709, 1854) kfv zfbcokA zffrv zfbcokA, kfv zhfLAkf
zffrv zhfLAkf. (hc} 7137, mc} 1835)
zfhfv sp hAd dhbf ufmfzfk W zfmDsvv zfbcoskA mxkcA hvB jsv, kfv mxkcA
ufsrdtqfskv, (ntfsmv bq). (mc} 1849, hc} 7054)
mfmk hf vfiaLfb msbfbqb lDsbv zbAkm iaLfb uvvD zQw hQ kf j
dhvfe lfdqk; pf bf rst vf W nmfu idvyftbf djYcsk nHh W ni rsk
ifsv bf. wvDqsk kf IspG djIfqf mfbf rsqsY.
mfmk dkb Hfsh iadkdk W Djxk rq}1. iChhG kDG vf iaLfsbv msbfbqsb.
2. lfdqkwDt, hlwGD W bAfqhflD sbkxfbDq iadkdbdLhsoGv zhfL dbhGfysb. sp
iadkdbdLlt iChhG kDG vfiaLfb jkxj
G msbfbDk Kfsj zKhf isv kf msbfbqb W
oEb jvf rq.
3. dhm W dhusqv mfLAsm.
vfiaLfb dbhGfdyk rst njstv iv kfv zfbcokA hvB W nDjfv jvf Wqfsuh
rsq pfq.
htf hftA, zfmDv hf sbkf sp hQw, vM hf hBG sKsj srfj, mcndtm kfv
zbcok rq. pfstm rst kfv pctcsm SLpG Lsv. kfv zdLjfv kfsj ialfb jsv hQ

kfWrDl

138

dbsuv zdLjfv zffrv dbje sysq sbq. spsrkc dhslafr sOfNBfq zdLj Ifnfl,
dhid W zwfd nxd rsh. zKy SLspG sofbfsrv jfIXIfvf W zdLj icBA tfH rsh.
zffr uff wfbcr mfbcsNv jxkjsmG pctcsmv Ist kfslv iv pfstm sbkf hf
hflwfr dbsqfduk jsvb. (jc} 6/129) kf iauf Hfstf rst vfufW Hfstf rsh.
bsy{ ml rst ml. (w} kf} 430, hc} 7052, mc} 1843)
iaskAj sbj W Ifsnj mfsmv nfsK W kfv zfbcoskA r W durfl djqfmk
ipG ufvD Kfjsh. sjfb nmnAf W iadkhjkf kf hfdkt jvsk ifvsh bf. kfv
ubA sjfb mfncm (dbifi) mfsmv iasqfubDqkf sb. (w} kf} 437)

ddj
jk
kffhh W
W nnc c ffr
r
hkGmfsb mcndtmslv `bfbf mcdbv bfbf mk' W bfbf isKv nxd rsqsY. sj hfilflfv zbcjvsB icvfsbf iaKfq ytsY, sj hf (ziajk
x ) hcpcosG lv jKf mk, sj
hf dbm zfstsmv Wqfp mk, sj hf dbsuv fb W dhshj mk yst lDblfvDv lfhD
jvsY.
dj mcndtsmv ubA nhGswa mk W iK djkfh W ncfrv (48) mk W Hsqv bCsv
zfstfdjk iK. sp isK kf hf sjfb dhil-zfislv Hq sb, Hq sb kfv
zmCtA mfb-nil rfvfhfv. jcvzfb W ncfrv jd-ifKsv njt iaKf, njstv
jKf, mk W iKsj ivJ jsv ytst Db W mfsb sHufstv Hq Kfsjbf.
mcndtm jcvzfb ifE jsv, hcsU hQ dbsusj kfv dbslGw mk yftbf jsv.
jcvzfb W ncfr zfu iafq njt HfNfq HfNfdvk rsqsY. zfstm YfVfW pfvf
dbsuv HfNf iVsk ifsv kfvfW jcvzfb W rflDn hcUsk ifsv. zffr jcvzfbsj
hcUfv ubA hQ kf sKsj islw oarsBv ubA Jch nru jsvsYb. (jc} 54/17)
kf mcndtsmv sjfb Wuv-zfid yst bf. syfJ h svsJ njft bf rWqfv
Wusv Ocsmv Hfb zfv nfsu bf. spsrkc fb zbcnfb jvf Ivp. (n} uf}

3808)

zkh kfsjW iVsk rsh, hcUsk rsh, hcUsk bf ifvst zfstmslv dbje hcsU
sbsh, dbsu dw[f jsv D-idvubsj dw[f slsh. (49)
mcndtsmv LmG, pcd iamfsBv LmG. kf sn dhbf ltDst djYc hst bf, mfsb bf,
jsvW bf. kfv nhGiaKm ltDt jcvzfb W ncfr, zk}iv umf (nhGhfdlnmdk)
hQ djqfn (zbcdmdk). ntfm-lcwmbvf h uft rflDn SkvD jsv ntfsm
dhfd zfbfv zisyf jsvsY. dj zffrv zbcosa r hV hV mcrfsnDb fvf
njt nrDr rflDn dhdH oas ndtk W nQvd[k rsqsY hQ pqDI (lcht
G )W
() djkfh htsk jcvzfb hQ ncfr htsk nrDr (W rfnfb) rflDn. spmb `zfrst rflDn' hf

ncfr htsk `zfrst nrDr rflDn' hf ncfr hcUf rq.

() nkjGkfv dhNq dhNq sp, sjfb jde dhdY zfqfk zKhf rflDn dbsq sjfb mkhfl nxd jvf
zfslZ dyk bq. msmG iafndj zbAfbA zfqfk zKhf rflDsnv nfrfpA iasqfub. zfhfv zsbj
vdrk zfqfkW zfsY spmb h, lcht
G W uft rflDnW vsqsY. kf dbHGvspfoA HfNAoa zKhf
zfstsmv nfrfpA hAkDk sjhtmf zbchfsl jcvzfb W rflDn nrushfLA bq.

kfWrDl

139

mWpc' (oVf) hf uft rflDn dydrk rsqsY. mcndtm pqDI jmsufv W hfdkt hf
uft rflDnsj dHd jsv sjfb zfmt jsv bf. (50)
jcvzfb W ncfq mcndtm sp jKf ifq, kf J]fde nkA hst hQ sp mDmfQnf W
Ifqnftf ifq kf swN Ifqnftf hst dbdGLfq ufsb W mfsb. lcsqv dhivDk
jfsvf fb, vfq, jfwXI zKhf jKfsk j iqnf hvfhvW lfm zfsY hst mcndtm
msb jsv bf. (jc} 4/65, 33/36)
pJb mcdmbslvsj kfslv msLA mDmfQnf jsv slWqfv ubA (sjfb dhkdjGk dhNsq
ndEj nmfLfb slWqfv ubA) zffr hQ k]fv vnCstv (djkfh W ncfrv) dlsj
zfrhfb jvf rq, kJb kfvf sjf sjht jKf hst, `zfmvf wahB jvtfm W mfbA
jvtfm' (zfv ShmcJA W zbDrf iajfw jsv bf). Wvf skf nItjfm. (jc} 24/51)
djkfh W ncfrv iv mcndtm ufmfzfk zKGf{ nfrfhfsq sjvfm hQ ntsI
nfstrDsbv zbcnvB jsv. jfvB, k]fslv mk W iK hAdksvsj ytf sofmvfrD W
slfpsJv isK ytf. (jc} 3/115) ufmfzfkhHfsh zffrv Dsbv zbcnvB jsv
(jc} 3/103) hQ dhdYkf, zSbjA W mkdhsvfLsj mcndtm zkA OxBf jsv.
(jc} 3/105) jfvB, mkSLkf W JdktfI mskv ubA vrmk bq hvQ
prmk W LQsnv jfvB. (mc} zf} 4/278)
jcvzfb W nrDr (W rfnfb) rflDsn pf djYc hdBGk rsqsY kf zdhjxk zhfq
oxrDk rsh hQ kf sn mk hcUsk rsh, sp mk ntsI nfstrDboB hcsUsYb.
kf mcndtm kfsk kfv dhshj-hcd zbcnfsv sjfb iajfv znk kf{ispGv
zbcisa hw Oefq bf. zKhf iajdx kv iasvfybfq sjfb nQwq nxdjfvDv nQwqsj
iawqa slq bf. jfvB, LmDGq hAfifsv jmf sn hAd ilJtb rsk dbvfil
Kfjsk ifsv, sp iahdx v dhfd sKsj mc. sp sjfb iajfv iasvfybfq jBGifk jsv
bf hQ njt mDmfQnf zffr W klDq vnCstv (djkfh W ncfrv) iv bA jsv.
jfvB, zfknmiGB W hwAkf Djfv YfVf jfsvf jlm ntfsm lxP Kfjsk ifsv
bf hQ dbsHGuft kfWrDl, mf'svIfk W dhwc mfb zuGb jvskW ifsv bf.
iv sn nslsrv shVfufst Ocvifj sJsq, bf iajk
x mcdmb rsk ifsv, zfv bf-
zDjfvjfvD jfsIv.

( ) sjfb zfmt hf sjfb dhNsqv nkAfnkA iamfsBv ltDt drnfsh wcLc jKf psK hf

pcdpc bq sp, kf zmcj djkfsh zfsY. jfvB, kf dHdrDb sjfb jKf rsk ifsv. zbcviHfsh
W htf psK bq sp, zfhc lfl hf dkvdmpD wvDI hf zbA sjfb rflDn oas zfsY. hvQ kfv
iajk
x zhf slJf jf lvjfv. jfvB, nh oasv nm rflDn nrDr (hf rfnfb) bq. hvQ
pqDI W mWpc' hf uft rflDnW zfsY. zfhfv jKfW psK bq sp, zmcj rflDnsj hsb drfb,
rfsjm hf dkvdmpD nrDr hf rfnfb hstsYb, zkh kf nrDr hf zfmstv spfoA. hvQ mbW rsk
ifsv sp, rflDn W]slv ufbf msk nrDr; dj iajk
x is[ zbAfbA mcrfsnDbslv ufbf msk kf
nrDr bq. spmb, `jcksc h dnfr'sj `dnrfr dnfr' htf mrfHct. jfvB, hk}is[ nfLfvBHfsh
nrDr rflDn sjht nrDrfqb (hcJfvD W mcndtm) wvDsI ifWqf pfq. zbAfbA rflDn oas pqDI W
uft rflDn hkGmfb, pdlW kfsk shwDv Hfo nrDr rflDn zfsY.
smfe jKf rflDn iajk
x is[ nrDr hf rfnfb rst zKhf mbncJ hf vdrk bf rst, ndEj zKG hcsU
kfv iv zfmt uvvD, bsy{ bf.

kfWrDl

140

mmppr
rffhh
qflD 71 lst hQ bfnfvf 72 lst dhH rsqsY. msk mcrfmflDqf 73
lst dhH rsh. 73 lt dhdH sYfe sYfe mprfh W ilstv {n W mCt
mf. jfvB, mcndtm ufrfsb 73 v zdLj mprfh dhlAmfb. 73 lstv jde
YfVf nhocdt ufrffmD. sn jde lt kfvf pfvf bhD W k]fv nfrfhfsq sjvfm
hxslv mk W isK yst. lt mcd W idvfsBv snZHfoA tfH jvsh. sp
lt lcdbqfsk dhlzfk sKsj mc Kfjsh hQ zffrv kvI rsk nfrfpA iaf rsq
djqfmk ipG rj W nskAv iv iadkdk sKsj hfdkstv dhvs tVfsq dhuqD
Kfjsh. zfv zfsJvfsk sn lt zffrv zfpfh sKsj h lCsv Kfjsh, sn lt
dIjGf bfduqfr, zfrst ncfr, zfrst rflDn hf nftfID ufmfzfk.
lstv mCt ShdwA sp, kfvf zfdjlf W dhhfsn, zfmt W jfsu djkfh W
ncfrv jdb zbcnfvD rsh. zffrv iaHcsk, hflsk hQ k]fv bfm W
BfhtDsk dhwc kfWrDlhflD rsh. jcvzfb W ncfrsk pf iamfdBk rsh, kf sjfb
iajfv srvsIv, zihAfJAf W f kf{ipG bf jsv dhhfn jvsh.
ufmfzfk kfv dhhfn W bDdkmftf jcvzfb W nrDr ncfr hQ nfrfhfsq
sjvfsmv kvDjf rsk oarB jsv. dhhfn W bDdkmftf iak
jvfv iv jcvzfb W
ncfrv ltDt sJ]fsu bf hQ v iadkjCst sjfb zfqfk hf rflDnsj kf'hDt jsv
bf.
kfvf hflsk kfv nQJAf, idvmfB, dbqm-idk, nmq-fb hQ dhdH jfvB W
iajfv sHsl zffr vnCt -v zbcofmD. lstv jfsY hfVdk (dhlzfk) hst
sjfb dudbn sb. dIjGfr bfduqfr sn isKv zbcnfvD sp isKv dlwf sJfl vnCt
dlsqsYb hQ k]fv isv k]fv nfrfhfoB sp isKv zbcnfvD dYstb.
sjfb dhNsq mkdhsvfL W dhksjGv nmq kfvf lfv-dys jcvzfb W (nrDr)
ncfrv iadk vuc jsv hQ kfsk sp Ifqnftf Kfsj kf OfV sisk smsb sbq.
kfsqIfr mbnCvfr jcvzfb W rflDsnv iv jfsvf jKf , vfq hf zdHmksj
zoafdLjfv slq bf. (jc} 49/1)
dIjGfr bfduqfv iaKm swA rt dwjGg lCvDHCk jsv kfWrDl iadkf jvf, dwjG
(mfpfv kAfdl iCuf), dhlzfk iaHdx k jcIvDv iadk s[i bf jsv zfrjfm W
Ifpfsqstv kfjDl zKhf ntfmD vf vybfv idvjibf jsv bf. spsrkc nhGfsoa
mfbD W kfWrDlD kvdhqk, kfviv sn hcbDqfsl zfrjfm W vf-vybf rq. zfv
dHd muhck bf rst nhdjYc Hcv W dhIt rq.
zfrst rflDn hflk, zfyvB W uDhsbv nhGs[s mrfbhD -v ncfrsj
uDdhk vfsJ. kfvf jcvzfb W (nrDr) ncfrv mk YfVf zbA jfsvf mskv z
i[ifdkk jsv bf. kfvf zfsqmfsq mcukfsrlDbslv njstv iadk oHDv
wafwDt. sjfb dbdlG j mfm hf LmGnQfvsjv zfbcjvB W i[ifdkk jsv
bf. k]fslv msLA p]fv jKf jcvzfb W (nrDr) ncfrv zbchkDG rq k]fv jKf oarB

kfWrDl

141

jsv; spmb k]fvf jsvsYb hQ njtsj kf jvsk zfslw jsvsYb.

ufmfzfk n{jsmG zfslw hQ zn{jsmG hfLf lfb jsv. Dsb bh-vdyk if
hf dhlzfksj zDjfv W v jsv hQ iadk sn lt W ufmfzfk sKsj lCsv
Kfsj pf kfWrDslv mCst jcEfvfOfk rfsb hQ mfrv mfsU dhdYkf nxd jsv.
kfvf mcndtm kKf nfvf dhshv mfbcNsj sjht djkfh W ncfrsj dHd W
zbcnvB jsv sjAv iadk zfrhfb jsv. mfbh-vdyk mboVf jfbcb znDjfv jsv
hQ ntfmD jfbcb fvf dhyfv W mDmfQnf jvfv lfWqfk slq. v idk, nhGfsoa
nQswfLb, zk}iv nQoEb. v dhivDk bq.
kfvf mcndtmslvsj vnbf, dtJbD, zKG W uDhb fvf durfslv iadk Ffj slq.
pfsk Db iadkdk rq hQ ntfsmv wfd-vf vdyk rq.
YfVf ufmfzfskv zbAfbA dhhfn W bDdk icdjfq zfstfdyk rsqsY.
ydvoak dlj sKsj kfvf nhfv isv. j zisvv drkfjfJD, lfvh[,
nf[fsk ncdmk, ncHfND, nlftfiD, zv nfKD hQ SspG W hDspG hV zflwGhfb.
hAhrfsv kfslv nkkf, mr, mrfbcHhkf, zDjfv iftb, zfmfbklfvD kAfdl
iajfw ifq.
zhwA hAhrfdvj hf yfdvdj sjfb ocsBv Ofedkv jfvsB `dIvjfr bfduqfr'
rsk sj Jfdvu rsq pfq bf. ksh kfWrDl W zfjDlfv sjfb zniCBk
G f hQ
dhlzfk (pf jfsIv jsv sIst) ufmfzfk sKsj Jfdvu jvsk ifsv.
kfvf hfdkstv Jb W iadkhfl jsv djkfh W ncfr fvf. dhlzfksj zbA
dhlzfk dlsq, zHdsj zdkHd hf zdkvb dlsq hQ zdkvbsj zHd
dlsq, Jb jsv bf.
mcndtm jkf yfq. ltfldt mcndtsmv ydv bq. (jc} 6/159) dj zfrjfsmv
mfnfsqst (jfpGfjfspGv hAhrfdvj uDhsbv nmnAfq) djYc uskrflD mkdhsvfL
Kfjfv ubA zfrst ncfr zt-ufmfzfskv msLAW dhdH mprfshv nxd rsqsY.
dhdH zfsqmfsq mcukfsrlDbslv mkfSbsjA k]fslv mcjfsloB k]fslv bfsm
zfib zfib mprfh SkvD jsv dbsqsY. sp mfsmv mcjfsl jm, sn mfsmv bfsm
sjfb mprfh SkvD rqdb. dj sp yfv mfsmv mcjfsl shwD dYt, k]fslv bfsm
iadn yfvde mprfshv um rq. (51)
zKy njstv {nmcJ jcvzfb W ncfr. njt mfm zfrst ncfr hf rflDn
dYstb. zffr W kf]v vnCstv zbcnvBsj k]fvf Wqfsuh ufbskb hQ nhf sk
jmk dYstb. k]fvf jKfW ufbskb sp, vnCstv jKf YfVf hfjD zbA sjfb
nfrfhD, kfshqD mfm hf zfstsmv jKf mfbAW rsk ifsv hQ zmfbAW. dj k]fvf
mf'ncm dYstb bf, mcukfdrl dYstb. k]fslv sjfb Ifqnftf Hct rst jde hQ
dEj rst lc'de sbjDv k]fvf rjlfv rb.
dj idvjfv wc hf nrDr rflDn Kfjf nsW k]fvf jJsbf jJsbf h dhNsq kfv

( ) fkhA sp, bulD hf WqfrfhD sjfb ixKj mprfshv bfm bq. buslv wfqJ mcrfmfl dhb

zfct Wqfrrfh sjfb zdHbh mprfshv iahkGj dYstb bf. hvQ dkdb dYstb zfrst ncfr hf
nftfID ufmfzfskv nQfvj.

kfWrDl

142

dhivDk (rflDn dhv) mDmfQnf hf nmfLfb sjb dlsqsYb? kfv jsqjde jfvB
zfsY }1. k]fv dbje nrDr rflDnde si]ZsYdb. vnCt -v nm rflDn ufbf sjfb
jusbv is[ nHh dYt bf. mskv msLA LmDGq hAfifsv nhsysq shwD fb
vfJskb nfrfhDoB. dhswN jsv yfv JtDIf hQ k]fslv msLA rpvk zfhc hjv
nhGlf vnCt -v nfsK nfsK Kfjskb . khcW k]fv is[ nm rflDn ufbf nHh
rqdb. dkdb ziv nfrfhDsj rflDn nisjG iaw jvskb. (zf} lf} 2894)
zbcviHfsh rpvk Wmv W zbA nfrfhDv dbje susb dbskb. (hc} 6245, mc}

2153)

zkh db}nslsr k]fslv isv sjfb mfsmv dbje nm nrDr rflDn sp si]ZsYdb
kf J]fde nkA. skmdb dbdlG sjfb jde djkfsh W nm rflDn jdk ifWqf pfq
bf. (iv k]fslv pcso rflDsnv k hV hV njt oaW dYt bf.) pfv ubA sjfb
nmnAfv nmfLfb dlsk dosq mfm nfsrh sjfb pqDI rflDn zKhf djqfn zKhf dbu
vfqsj dHd jsvb, pf nrDr rflDsnv dhivDk rq. dj pdl k]fv dbje nrDr
rflDn si]ZsY Kfjk, ksh dbyq dkdb kf nflsv oarB jvskb hQ kf zmfbA bf
jsv klbcnfsv Ifqnftf dlskb.
2. rflDn skf mfsmv dbje si]ZsYsY dj sp svuft (hBGbfjfvD) nCs k]fv dbje
si]ZsYsY kf pqDI zKy sn rflDn zbA svuft-nCs nrDr.
3. rflDn k]fv dbje pqDI zKy (j svuft-nCs) zisvv dbje kf nrDr.
ubA mfsmv jKfq ifWqf pfq, ` mfnzftfq (nmnAfq) zfmfv vfq,
dj rflDsn hdBGk vfq dH. zhwA rflDn pdl nrDr rq, kfrst zfmfv vfq
rflDsnv vfq.'
4. sjfbW svuft-nCsv sjfb sv sjfb hBGbfjfvD jf iVst (Jhv Wqfsrl)
zsbsjv msk kf oarBDq bq. zfhfv zsbsjv dbje djYc wskG oarBDq hQ
zsbsjv dbje kf dhbf wskG oarBDq.
5. rflDn k]fv dbje si]ZYfbv iv dkdb kf Hcst sosYb. spmb rpvk Wmv
v OsedYt. (hc} 338, lc m} 2/466)
6. rflDsnv mCt swA k]fv dbje hA rqdb. sjfb hfjA hf wsv jfdLj zKG
Kfjfv jfvsB zKhf kfv zfdHLfdbj zKG j vjm hQ wvqD zKG zbA vjm
rWqfv jfvsB dbu dbu hcsUv iv dHd jsv sjfb dhNsq Ifqnftf slb. spmb,
svfpfv dlsb nfrfhDslv nflf W jfstf ncskf vfJfv hAfifv. `Jfk' v zfdHLfdbj
zKG ncskf dj wvDqsk `Jfkcb zfhXqAfp' (nflf ncskf) v zKG Nf (nchsr
nfslj), hQ Jfkbc zfnWqfl' (jfstf ncskf) v zKG vfd. (jc} 2/187, hc}
1917) dj k]fvf zfdHLfdbj zKG oarB jsv zfmt wcv jsvdYstb.
7. mfsmv dbje rflDnde zfstfyA dhNsqv sjfb dk hrb jsv bf.
8. rflDn sp mfnzftfv ubA ltDt vsi siw jvf rq, mfsmv dbje Wv dhis[
mb jde ltDtW zfsY pfsk dkdb iCshGv ltDt hf rflDnsj ndEj msb jsvb
bf. kf dbdlG-zdbdlG, nfLfvB-dhswN, mCJAfKG-soZBfKG zfdHLfdbj hf zftfdvj

kfWrDl

143

zKG, iajk
x -ziajk
x iaHdx k hAfjvB, dIjrX hQ znCt-wfDq dbqm-bDdkv
mkdhsvfsL jde oarB jsv zivdesj idvkAfo jsvb.
9. zsbj nmq mfm rflDnsj (iviv-dhsvfLD rWqfv ubA) mbncJ (vdrk)
lcht
G zKhf dH kf{ipGspfoA hst msb jsvb. zKy zsbAv dbje kf ivivdhsvfLD hf mbncJ bq kAfdl.
YfVf h jfvsB ntfsm mksHslv nxd rq. zkh hAfifsv k]fslv
sjfb de dYt bf. kf k]fvf njst nWqfh W sbjDv zdLjfvD. mcndtm k]fslv
iadk sjfb jecd jsv bf. njstv iadk waf W Hfstfhfnf vfsJ. pJb k]fslv
sJ jsv, Hd W lczfv nfsK jsv; (jc} 59/10) `vfrmfkcfdr zftfdrm.'
p]fslv smrbk W iasyfq mcndtm nmfu dhswNHfsh ijxk. k]fvf j nialfq
p]fvf ok rsq sosYb. k]fvf pf jsvsYb k]fv iadklfb ifshb hQ skfmvf skfmfslv
jxkjsmGv iadklfb ifsh. zkDsk dhokusbvf pf jsvsY sn nisjG skfmfslvsj
dufnfhfl jvf rsh bf. (jc} 2/134)
dj vrnA ufbfv iv mcndtsmv dyk dj ?
kfv dyk, pJb kfv dbje sjfb mkdhsvfLiCBG nmnAf zfsn, kJb nmfLfsbv
ubA djkfh W ncfrv zfstf sJ]fuf. njstv mk W iK idvkAfo jsv zffrv
dbdmGk hQ vnCstv ialdwGk isKv zbcnvB jvf. ef mfsbv iCBG lfhD. (jc}
4/59) nrDr rflDsnv ndEj zKG ufbfv iv kfv iadkjCst jfsvf jKfq hf msk
ytf mcndtsmv LQsnv jfvB. (jc} 4/115)
kf dbdlG sjfb mfprfshv kjtDl jvf Wqfsuh bq. (52) Wqfsuh skf wcLc
mcrfml v zbcnvB. zhwA pfvf ufsb bf kfvf zfstmslv kjtDl jvsh.
zfstm sp dhNq ufsbb bf, sn dhNsq hV Wtfmf, mcrfsnDb W zfsqmfosBv
`shf' jvshb. mksHl sist k]fv Ifqnftf hf jKf oarB jvshb p]fv jKf
jcvzfb W ncfrv zbcnfvD. p]fv Ifqnftfv ltDt zdLj muhck.
mcndtm nm IjDrosBv dtdJk oafhtDv iadk waf vfsJ. sn zmCtA tm
Hd W pknrjfsv zLAqb jsv. k]fslv dhdH mskv msLA sn mkdesj oarB
jsv pf djkfh W ncfrv zdLj zbcnfvD.

r
rj
jW
W hhffddk
kt
t
mcndtsmv dyk sp, sn spb sjfb sh-zfmt Ifsnj zfstm zKhf sjfb mCJG
zfshslv (H kiD, LmGLu
D W lvshwslv) hfdrAj shwHCNf W zfVviCBG
yftytb slsJ kfslvsj dhvfe djYc msb bf jsv hQ kfslv zbcnvB hf zbcjvB
bf jsv; pfvf zn{ ifsq sLfjf dlsq stfsjv zKG tcse shVfq. (jc} 5/77,
() yfv mfprfshv sjfb jdev kjtDl Wqfsuh rWqfv iv sjfb dlb `umf'

(nhGhfdlnmdk)W rqdb. sp dhNsq dyv-dhsvfL sKsj sosY kfsj `mcumf' zftfsr' hf

nhGhfdlnmk dj jsv htf pfq? kfYfVf zsbAv mskv iv sjfb ocvk bf dlsq wcLcmf zfsifsnv
nmKGsb umf' jfsqsmv lfhD jvst umf' rq bf.

kfWrDl

144

9/35)

mcndtsmv Hfh bq sp, ndEj sjfb pcd hf ltDt YfVf dhok pcsov stfjslv
slfrf dlsq sjfb jfu jsv. (23/23-25, 28/36-37) zKhf rj hfdkstv idvdydkv
ubA nQJAfdLjAsj mfbl msb jsv. zkh sjfb dhNsqv zbcnfvDslv nQJAf
zdLj rst sp kf rj hQ zi rst sp kf hfdkt -kf zhwA LfvBf jsv bf.
pfslv pcd W ltDt zdLj muhck kfvf nQJAftdO rstW kfvf rjiD. (jc}

5/100, 6/116)

zbcviHfsh, rj ufbfv mfbl sjfb ufdkv wd, ifdKGhA fb, hcdmf,

sbkxk, nil hf iaHfh-iadkidW bq. LmG rfdvsq njt dhNsqv qb iaodk
x is[ pfvf LsmGv suAfdkv nfsK
bq, lcodG k. (jc} 34/34-36,46/26) iajk
dhfsb k kfvf `iaodkwDt'. zfv pfvf LsmGv zfstfv nfsK dhfsbv zfstf
sisq Kfsj, kfvf `zfstfj iaf' mfbcN. pdlW zfnst LsmGv zfstfq pfslv mb
mdj W uDhb zfstfdjk kfvf zfstfjiaf, nciKiaf W nItjfm.
pfvf rstfjsj nhdjYc msb jsv zKhf pfslv uDhsbv sjfb t[A sb
kfslv ubA idysmv zfstf (LmGrDbkf, bokf, zwDtkf kAfdl) psK hQ
ipc. dj pfslv uDhsbv mCt t[A ivstfsjv dyvfqD ncJ kfslv ubA
idysmv zfstf zjfv hQ ntfsmv zfstf isKv dlwfvD. idysmv ifdKGh
fb-dhfb, zfdhjfv W dwsifqb kAfdl zhwA lcdbqfv zfstfj, kf hst
kfv nfsK kfslv nmfu-hAhf W tfofmrDb uDhb hAhfsj zfstfj htf pfq bf.
zfhfv dhfb ifyfskAv sjfb zdhsYlA z bq zKhf LmGrDbkfv It bq. LmG
dhfsbv isK spsk hfLf slq bf. ksh snafsk sKsj kfvf pfsj nHAkf, fLDbkf,
iaodk W fYlA msb jvsY, LmG kfsj kfv dhivDk msb jsv.
mcndtm iaHfh-iadkidwftD stfjslvsj syfJ hcsu spmb rjiD msb jsv bf,
ki sjfb lcht
G swaBDv mfbcNslvsj dbdhGyfsv hfdktiD msb jsv bf. rjiD
kfvf pfslv jfsY nkA rj Kfsj. (jc} 11/27)
mcndtm rjiD rq. lfv msb rj jhct jsvW Kfsj. spmb, rj W nkA
ufbfv iv kf sofib jsv bf hQ rj W hfdkstv nQdmwab Oefq bf. (jc} 3/71)
sn bf hcUfv hf mb dEj bf Kfjfv zucrfk sldJsq rsjv (LsmGv) zbcwfnb sKsj
lCsv Kfjsk yfq bf. jfvB, jfsIv vi sJf]Vf zucrfk siw jsv Kfsj hQ
Hfsh sp, kfv zv fb-dhfsb Hvicv. kfv zfv sjfb fsbv iasqfub sb.
kf bfj dnedjsq hst,`smffslv jKfq jfb dlsq dj
lvjfv?'(jc}2/88,11/91,41/4-6)
mcndtm ltDq bDdkv dhsvfLD rWqfq hf ivwaDjfkvkfq sjfbW rj hf nkAsj
oarB jvsk znDjfv jsv bf. (jc} 2/91) (spmb blGmfq isV KfjstW snfbfsj
snfbfv mfb slq.) zfhfv jfsvf pflc hf dub fvf jxk zstZdjj dqfjf slsJ
dbdhGyfsv `jfvfmk' msb jsv kfsj rjiD msb jsv bf. (jc} 2/101-102)
spJfsb iadk lt dbsuv dhhfn dbsq odhGk, iaskAj lt jKfq hf jfsu dbsusj
rjiD W nkAfbcnfvD hst lfhD jsv, snJfsb mcndtm pcd W ltDt zshNB jsv.
dbsuv dhshj-hcd W fLDb dyfq sn pcd W ltDt dbsq dyf W oshNBf jsv,

kfWrDl

145

hQ ltDt W pcd pfsj nmKGb jsv kfsj snW nmKGb jsv. (jc} 2/11-113)
iv kfsj W sJqft vfJf dyk sp, pfsk nfmfbA dhNq dbsq zfsifsN kjGdhhfl hf wcv bf rq. jfvB, jkj zfrjfm mb zfsY pf lcHfsh iftb
jvf rq. spmb, bfmfspv jfmk jj zKhf Fht, ucmzfv j zfpfb zKhf
(iasqfub iVst) lc zfpfb, sIkfsr `zffmf hfsql hfqbD' iVsh zKhf
`nchrfbfjf' iVsh, dnulfq pfhfv nmq zfso rfk vfJsh bf rf]ec vfJsh, ufbfpfv
bfmfspv iaskAj kjhDsv rfk kctsh dj bf kctsh, kAfdl dhNq. LGis[ jde
zivde sKsj zfIpt hf m. dj spef dbsu jsv snefsj zhwA iftbDq hf
dEj hQ zsbA spef jsv snefsj zhwA huGbDq hf Hct msb jsv zfsifsN
kjGfkdjG W msbfmfdtbA nxd mcndtm jsv bf. skmdb spJfsb zdLj mkifKGjA hf
rftft-rfvfsmv mksHl slJf slq, snJfsb nmsUfkfv nfsK zffr W klDq
vnCstv nmfLfbsj dbdhGhfsl OfV sisk smsb sbq. spmb, mcndtm sjfb dlb bf
susb sjfb dhNsq zspZdj kjG W UoVf jsv bf. (jc} 3/66)
pcso pcso rjiDvf rsjv zbcnfvD rsq yst. dj hfdktiDvf kfslv iv
slfNfsvfi jsv Kfsj. kfslvW lfhD kfvf rjiD. (nhf hst tfqtf zfmfv,
tfqtf jfsj sysb bf.) kfvf rsjv dEsjlfv rsq rjiDslvsj dhdH
zdHspfso zdHpc jsv; bhDv iv lvl isVbf, bhDsj Hfstfhfsn bf, bhD W
zfWdtqfslv iadk kfslv sjfb Hd W zflh sb, kAfdl. jfvB, rjiDvf
k]fslvsj zffrv zfnsb hnfq bf hf wvDj jsv bf kf! zffr W zffrv
vnCstv jKfv iv jfsvf jKfsj iafLfbA slq bf hst kfslvsj ofqv mcjfsl
jfsIv htf rq ! kAfdl.
iCshGW jJsbf hf rjiDsj fKGfshND, iadkid-stfHD hst zfJAfdqk jvf
rsqsY. (jc} 10/78) wfd nxd jvsk yfst kfslvsj Ifnfl W zwfd nxdjfvD
hst zdHdrk jvf rsqsY. (jc} 2/11-12) Hct Ldvsq rsjv nfb dlsk yfst
kfslvsj Db idvhkGbjfvD, dhwxJtf nxdjfvD htf rsqsY. (jc} 40/26) nkA
iayfv jvsk sost kfvf kfslv dhvs slswv nvjfvsj jfbHffdb dlsqsY hQ
rjiDslv dhvs nvjfv-dhsvfLD yfsv dmKAf zihfl vdesqsY. (jc} 7/127)
spmb, vnCstv dbslGwmk jcIvD bf slJf ipG [mkfnDb wfnsjv dhvs pc
sOfNBf bf jvst kfslvsj vfuskfN iaHdx k htf rsqsY. jJsbf hf kfslvsj
ifot, so]fVf W dbshGfLW htf rsqsY. (jc} 2/13, 7/16) dj rj lsm pfqdb, rfv
mfsbdb, nkA zfuW uDdhk. dhuq dyvdlb nskAv.
mcndtm ydv oEbjfvD zffrv ilfhtD jcvzfb (W ncfr) sKsj mcJ dIdvsq
ydv dhbjfvD wqkfsbv ilfhtD (bfdjkf, bokf, zwDtkf W spZb nidjGk
h, i-idjf) iEsb zhwA msbfspfoD rq bf. skmdb LmDGq hfBD iakAfJfb jsv
ncv-hflA W nDk wahsB hf zwDt Ydh lwGsb zhwA mb slq bf. dlaq (y[c,jBG
rlq kAfdl) zffrv lfb. dlaq nisjG dhyfv dlhsn hflfsj SjdIqk jvf
rsh. (jc} 17/36)

kfWrDl

146

ddhhu
cj
uffddk
kvv z
zbbj
c vvBB
nkAfbcnfvD nlf nskAv zbcnvB jsv. jJsbfW dmKAfv zbcnvB jsv bf. znkA
W dmKAf sKsj lCsv Kfsj. mcndtm nskAv zbcnfvD kf dmKAfbcnfvD sjfb dhufdkv
zbcjvB jsv bf. jfvB, sp dmKAfv zbcjvB jsv, sn spb dmKAfsj iYl jsv,
kfsk nmdk W nmKGb iajfw jsv. zfv sp pfv zbcjvB jsv sn kfv ltHc.

(zf} lf} 4031, m} uf} 6025, mc} zf} 2/50)

ntfsm mcndtmslv ubA lc'de l hf JcwDv dlb; lct dIkXv W lct zfprf.
lc'de YfVf ntfsm sjfb iftbDq kxkDq l sb. spsrkc ntfsm hAdiCufv
sjfb fb sb, kf mcndtm jfsvf um hf mxkcAdlhn iftb jsv bf, sl mDtflcb
bhD (bhD dlhn) Ifskrf qfplfrfm, Ifskrf slfqfplfrfm, zfsJvD yfrfv swff,
mcrfvGm, wsh-hvfk, wsh-dm'vfu kAfdl sjfb iftishGv zdk ntfsm sb.
mcndtm Lvsbv sjfbW zfsmfdlk {nh-zbcfsbv mfLAsm mrfbhD -v nxdk
ufofsk yfq bf. spsrkc nxdk-hfdNGjDsk k]fv nvB psK bq. k]fv nvB W
zbcnvB skf mcndtsmv Slbdlb hvQ nfhG[dBj jkGhA. jfvB, mcndtmsj nhGlf
nhGjfsu (mb dj ianfa h ifqJfbfv nmqW) k]fv zflwG msk ytsk rq. zkh
[sBsjv nvB, mrk sjfb jfsuv bq. k]fv nxdk W cdksj zffr
kfzftf y mpGflf lfb jsvsYb. (jc} 94/4) zfv mcndtsmv uDhb skf k]fv
zflwG, kf]v nxdk dlsq sOvf.
nckvfQ mcndtm Jxfbslv pDwcv umdlb iftb jvf slsJ bhD-dlhn iftsbv
sJqft zfsb bf. kfslv `rAfiD hfKGsF' W `rfbD-mcb' kAfdl iftsb zfbslv
sufqfv slsJ mcndtm zpKf kfv nislv ziyq Oefq bf. jfsvf swfjdlhn
lXpfib jvf slsJ mfm nfb -v swfj dlhsnv bfsm mdnGqf-mfkm, kfdpqf
hf dbwfbf dmdYstv nfsK dhdH hflA-hfubfq zfkiarfsv m rq bf. spsrkc
mxskv ubA swfjiftb, {nh jvf ufsrdtqfskv iaKf. (mc} 934, mc} 5/342)
mcndtm kfv zfyfsv-zbcfsb W sifwfsj-idvYslW dhufdkv nflxwA LfvB jsv
bf. kf mcndtm bv-bfvD mb nQjDBG (efeXdIe) sifwfj isv bf, pfsk kfslv
wvDsvv ]yc-dbyc iajfdwk rq. zKhf mb ifktf isv bf, pfsk kfslv slr
iajfw ifq. zKhf (sjfb sJtf hf jfsuv ubA hf IAfwfb (?) sU]fsj) mb Jfsef
sifwfj isv bf, pfsk icvNslv bfdH sKsj r]fec ipG hQ smsqslv (ofsqv
mfrvfsmv nfmsb) mfKfv sjw sKsj ifsqv bJ ipG sjfbW zQw iajfw ifq.
zKhf mb tf isv bf sp, kfsk icvsNv ifsqv o]fe slsrv sifwfsj iwG jsv.
jfvB, Lvsbv sthfn dhufdkv. IAfwfsbv bfsm pfsk k iajfw ifq,
dhtfdnkfv bfsm zrQjfv (mfbD) hxd ifq hQ nHAkfv bfsm hfVsk yst y[cv
hAdHyfv W wcv rq spZb-mflbf.
zbcviHfsh mcndtm (bv hf bfvD) mb sjfb idvYl W shw-HCNf LfvB jsv bf,
pf dhufdkv jxd W ShdwA. spmb, cw, ef, sovqf, dnlcv, sbfqf, mt-nC,

kfWrDl

147

icvsNv lfdV bf vfJf hQ smsqslv yct Yf]ef kAfdl.

dhufdkv zbcjvsB bfvD-fLDbkfv bfsm mcndtm kfv mf-shfbsj bokfq bfmfq
bf. iv-icvsNv nfsK zhfL dmtf-dmwfv ncspfo slq bf. spmb, iadndubj W
icvsNv sthfn ivsk kfslvsj zbcmdk slq bf.
mcndtm nftfm jvsk iaBfsmv zbcjvB jsv bf. mcndtsmv ydwv wcLc zffrv
nfmsb zhbk rq. zkh dhufdkv zbcjvB jsv sjfb vfuf-hcpcoG W
vubsj nftfm jvsk dosq mfKf bk jsv bf, ifsq isV bf hf U]csj (iaBfm jsv)
bf. mcndtm skf jfsIvslv dhivDk jvsk hQ k ShdwA vfJsk zfdl
rsqsY.
zfjDlfq mb kIf{ Kfjf nsW mcndtm zmcndtmslv nfsK nArfv jsv. (jc}
60/8) kfslv nfsK snZrflGiCBG nijG vfsJ. hAhnf-hfdBuA, fb-dhfb W ifdKGh
uDhsbv zbAfbA lcqfsv kfslv nfsK zQwoarB jsv. bAfq-ivfqBkf W lfv
mfbhkfv nfsK dhyfv W mDmfQnf jsv. kfslv irfv W isTZjb -pf ntfsm
rftft kf- oarB jsv hQ mcndtm kfv iadklfbW dlsq Kfsj. kfslv ldvlasj
(bIt nljf rsk) nfrfpA jsv, dhisl nfrfpA jsv. kfslvsj ndEj iK slJfhfv
iasyf jsv. (sh} } 71-74)
zhwA kfslv dwjG W zbAfsq sjfb iajfsvv nrfqkf jsv bf. dwjG W zbAfsqv
mudtn, mrdIt smtf hQ nmfshsw zQwoarB jsv bf. (jc} 6/68) kfslv
dwjGD, jcIvD, (klbcvi sjfb ifi W dhlzfskv) l hf ishG kfslvsj
smfhfvjhfl hf zdHblb ufbfq bf hQ y]flfW slq bf. jfvB, kfsk kfv nmdk
W nmKGb iajfw ifq.
zfhfv pfvf ntfm-lcwmb. mcndtsmv vdiifnc, pfslv fvf ntfsmv [dk
rq, ntfsmv ut ialDisj I]c dlsq dbhGfdik jvsk yfq. ntfsmv iv dmKAf
jt W zihfl vefsk yfq, ntfsmv [dksk pfvf dmd rfdn rfsn, mcndtmslv
ubA zmt W dhil jfmbf jsv- kfslvsj mcndtm dbsu zv jsv bf.
jcvzfb kfslv dhvs tVsk hstsY. (jc} 2/290,58/22, 60/9)

i
xB
iffi
issj
j OOB
x ff,, i
iffi
iDDssj
j bbqq ((??))
`ifisj OxBf jv, ifiDsj bq.' jfvB, ifiD j dlb kWhf jsv LfdmGj rsk

kfWrDl

148

ifsv. zfv ubA ifiDsj mfbdhj nfrfpA (sjfb zLmDGq odrGk jfsu bq) rsk
hdk jvf dyk bq. jfvB, iaskAj (ijfvD zKhf pfv fvf sjfb zijfv
nfdLk rq bf mb) uDshv uDhb h]fyfsk nfrfpA jvfq icBA zfsY. kf jcjcvdhVftsjW JflA-ifbDq dlsq nfrfpA jvst ifi [q rq. (mc} 2244-2245)
zkh mfbcN skf v yfsk shwD rjlfv. dj sjfb mfbcN pdl jcjcv dhVft
sKsjW dbjx rq? (mfbcN jmGslfsN ykcil u sKsjW dbjx rq.) (jc} 7/179)
`drQna hfsOv zfmBsj Hq jv, hfOsj bq. nfsiv lQwbsj Hq jv, nfisj
bq.' dj kfW dj nHh? nHh kJb, pJb drQsnav drQnakfsj jfhc zKhf
dbdq jvf pfq.
zbcviHfsh mrfifiDv mrfifi zHAfnsj lCv bf jsv kfsk OxBf bf jvf sjfb
pcdv jKf bq. zbAfq W ifi slJst rfk fvf (wd fvf) hfLf dlsk rsh. bf
ifvst duH fvf (islw dlsq hf HDdk ialwGb jsv), kfskW zifvo rst zv
fvf OxBf ufbsk rsh-ifisj hQ ifiDsjW. ifiD YfVf wcLc ifisj dj iajfsv
hfLf slWqf pfq hf OxBf jvf rq? nfisj Hfstfshsn pdl zufs lQwb jsv hsn?
ifiDv sHfoAIt pdl dbifiD hcsjW sHfo jvsk rq? D pdl hAdHyfdvBD rq
ksh sj htsh sp, hAdHyfvsj OxBf jv Dsj bq? zfv Hfsh dj ifi W zbAfsqv
kcIfb svfJf nHh rsh? nmfsu dj wfd W wxJtf iadkf nru rsh?
ifiDsjW OxBf jvf rq hst kfsj Ifsnj, mcbfsIj, jfsIv kAfdl htf rq.
zfv kfv ubA wfdv[fhfdrbD, zflftk, jfvfofv hQ dhdH lfdl dbLGfvB
jvf rq. zsv OxBf susbW ifiDslv ifi mudtsn zQw oarB jvf pfq bf. jfvB,
kfsk hfrAk} ifsiv nmKGb rq. (jc} 6/68) zfhfv pdl jfsvf zsv OxBf bf
usm, kfrst kfv LCdtjBf idvmfBW mfb sb hst ufbsk rsh. (mc} 49)
smfe jKf, ifiDsj iaKsm hcUfsk rsh. kfv Hct Ldvsq dlsq nQswfLb W ifi
huGb jvfv ts[A islw dlsk rsh. pdl sn ifi huGb bf jvsk yfq ksh slJsk
rsh sp, kfv ns nijG dY jvfsk zKhf nfmfduj hqjse sjfb It zfsY
djbf. pdl kfsk sjfb ncIt tfsHv zfwf Kfsj hf ifiD ifi kAfo hQ nkA isKv
zbcnvB jvsh hst msb rq, kfrst hqje jvsk rsh. (h} 4677, mc} 2769)
dj pdl kfsk sjfb tfH idvlx bf rq, hvQ hqjse hf nfmfduj nijG
dYkfq [dkv zfwf zdLj Kfsj, ksh kf jvf pfsh bf.
zfhfv kfv nfsK WEf-hnf dmtf-dmwf hf Hfh-hck vfJfsk pdl kfv iakAfhkGsbv
zfwf Kfsj, kfrst kfv ns hck hf Ef-hnf svsJ kfsj n{isK dIdvsq zfbfv
iasyf jvsk rsh. bsy{ dbu sjfb fsKG ifiDv ns (rfsk-dush-msb dhbf
sjfb iadkhfsl) hck jvfv zKG rt kfv ifsi nmk rWqf. pf sjfb
mcndtsmv is[ zfslZ ShL bq.
spmb, `Wslv nfsK dmwsk sb' hst islw jvf rsk lCsv KfjfW dyk bq.
spmb `sp jfE Jfsh sn zffv rfosh' hst jkGhArDbkf iajfw jvfW zbcdyk.
zfhfv sp ifiD hf dhlzfkDv nQnash iaHfhfdhk rWqfv zfwf iajfw Kfsj
kfv nfsK nijG dY jvf, kfv sKsj lCsv Kfjf, hck bf vfJf, kfsj nftfm bf
slWqf, nf[f{ bf jvf kAfdl zhwAjkGhA rq.

kfWrDl

149

nnffr
rffhhff
mcndtm zffrv vnCt -v sjfb nfrfhD (nryv)sj ofdt-ml hf zdHnifk
jsv bf. (mc} 2540, hc} 3673) sp hAd sjfb nfrfhDsj ofdt slq, sn ntfmD
zfsb jdEb wfdv ipc. zhwA kfsj rkAf jvf rsh dj bf, sn dbsq mksHl
zfsY. sp hAd k]fslv njtsj zKhf djYcsj jfsIv hf Ifsnj msb jsv kfrst
sn jfsIv. zfhfv sp k]fslv jfsj jxiB hf HDv kAfdl hst ofdt slq sn
jfsIv bf rstW ifiD hse. k]fslv ydvs sjfb iajfsvv ml mhAjfvDv ubA
ntfsm ipc wfdv hAhf zfsY.
mcndtm kfv rlq W vnbfsj nfrfhfsq sjvfmosBv ubA lfv, idh W
wafdn vfsJ. kfslv iv sjfb iajfsvv jcLfvBf W jchfjA HcstW mcsJ zfsb
bf. mcndtm k]fslv ubA kf hst, pf iadkiftj zffrkfzftf kfsj dw[f
dlsqsYb, `sr zfmfslv iadkiftj! zfmfslv hQ mfsb zoaBD zfmfslv
fkfoBsj [mf jv hQ mcdmbslv dhvs zfmfslv zsv sjfb drQnf dhsN
svsJf bf . sr zfmfslv vh! kcdm skf lqflGa, ivm lqftc.' (jc} 59/10)
djYc nfrfhfhoG ians nmfstfybf-ndtk hBGbfv djYc skf dmKAf. zfv djYc mb
pfsk jm-shwD W srvsIv jsv zfnt Oebf yfif svsJ zKhf sjfb ltDq fsKG
zdkvdk jsv hBGbf jvf rsqsY. k]fvf pf jsv sosYb kfsk k]fslv Wpv W
zucrfk dYt. k]fvf mcukfdrl dYstb; ndEj jkGhA jsv Kfjst lcde hQ Hct
jsv Kfjst jde sbjDv zdLjfvD rshb hQ k]fslv Hct [mfrG rsh. (hc}

7352)

mcndtm dhhfnW jsv bf sp, iada k nfrfhD nmfb zKhf mf'ncm djQhf nfoDvfr
W jfhDvfr sofbfr sKsj mc dYstb. hvQ k]fvf mfbcN dYstb. k]fslv fvf ifi
rWqf sjfb znHh W zfypGubj hAfifv bq. dj k]fslv iaycv icBA W sbj
zfmt, ntfsm zoaofdmkf hQ h mfb-mpGflf vsqsY; pfsk pdlW k]fslv fvf
sjfb ifi rsq Kfsj khcW kf mfI rsq pfq. mb dj spmb k]fslv ifi [mf jvf
rq, skmb sjfb ivhkDG jfstv mfbcsNv ubA jvf rq bf. jfvB, k]fslv sp icBA
dYt -pfv fvf ifi[ftb rq- kf k]fslv ivhkDGjfstv jfsvf msLA sb.
k]fslv wkfD dYt nhGswa wkfd. (jc} 2550, hc} 3650) zfdqfosBv iv
kf]vf dYstb nhGswa zoaoBA mfbcN. k]fslv j mcX (iafq 625 oafm) idvmfB
zKhf kfv zLGHfo lfb k]fslv ivhkDGjfstv jfsvf ihGknm BGlfsbv sysqW
m. (mc} 2540)
i[fsv, pdl k]fslv msLA jfsvf fvf sjfb ifi Ose sosY, ksh dkdb kf sKsj
kWhf jsvsYb, djQhf mb sbj zfmt jsvsYb pfv jfvsB kf mfduGk rsq sosY.
zKhf k]fv ntfsm zoaofdmkfv ubA k]fsj [mf jvf rsqsY. bkchf diaq bhD
v wfIfzfskv Ist zffr k]fsj mfI jsv slshb. (jfvB, nfryspGv Ist k]fv

kfWrDl

150

wfIfzfskv zdLjfvD k]fvf shwD. djQhf sjfb svfo-hftf-mnDhk k]fv sofbfsrv

jfIXIfvf rsqsY.
zkh nfLfvB sofbfsrv s[s pdl k]fslv zhf rq, kfrst sp dhNsq
k]fvf udkrflD Hct jsvsYb; pfsk ndEj rst lcde, Hct rst jde sbjD ifWqf
pfq hQ Hct [mfrG rq, sn s[s k]fslv [mfv hAfifsv sjfb nslr Kfjfv jKf
bq. zfhfv k]fslv msLA pfvf djYc sofbfr jsv sIstsYb k]fslv nQJAf sbrfk
jm. k]fvf mb j jWsmv mfsU Tfjf isVb p]fslv zdkwq mpGflf W iawQnbDq
h n{jfpG vsqsY. zffr W klDq vnCstv iadk iaofP mfb W Hd kf]v vffq
durfl, druvk, ntfsmv ixsifNjkf, ItianC tXm hQ zfsvf zsbj sbj
zfmt p]fslvsj dyvnvBDq W hvBDq jsv svsJsY.
mcndtm nfrfhfsq sjvfm ians mLAhkDG if zhtb jsv. k]fslv zfsifsNv
mfsU sp dhhfl-dhoar rsqdYt kfsk jltsj dbifi W ziv ltsj ifiD msb
jsv bf. jfsj mf'ncm W jfsj jfsIv msb jsv bf. hvQ pcs Hq lstv
dbrkslv ubA lczf jsv. njstv ubA nfrfhD rst `vfdpqff zfb' hQ
kfshqD rst `vfsrmffr' hst. Hq ltsj mcdmb msb jsv. jfvB, wvDqk
dw[f slq sp, tVf-UoVfv Ist mcdmb sKsj mfb Jfdvu rsq pfq bf (jc} 49/9)
hQ dwjG W jcIXv YfVf sjfb ifsiv ubA (kf rftft msb bf jvst) jfsj
jfsIv htf pfq bf.
ntfmD BGpsc o sp dIkbfv nxd rsqdYt kfsk djYc mcbfdIj W qflDv niCBG
rfk dYt. Ist sp mrfwd wv nfsK iff tVk Hfsq Hfsq oxrpcs sn wdv
ziyq rt. rpvk nmfb -v Jcsbv hltfsj sjla jsv qflD yfs
rpvk zftD W rpvk zfsqwfv (vf}) tVf rt.
rpvk mczfdhqf pJb zftDv dhvs pc jsvb, kJb dkdb sJtfIskv
lfhD jsvbdb, sJtfIskv hfqfkW sbbdb. pcsv nmqW Hfshbdb sp, dkdb
JtDIf, djQhf dkdb sJtfIskv ipc. zfv bf- dkdb W k]fv nmKGbjfvD lt
rpvk zftDv dhvs pcsj ShL msb jvskb. hvQ rpvk zftD pJb
slJstb sp, mczfdhqf -W k]fv nmKGbjfvDslv ubA k]fv rfsk hfqfk jvf hQ
hwAkf W zfbcokA Djfv jvf Wqfsuh. jfvB, nmfsuv ubA j nmsq lcde
JtDIf ( zSbjA W dhdYkfv nfsK) rsk ifsv bf. dj k]fvf (rpvk mczfdhqf
v lt) k]fv zfbcoskAv hfsv. kJb dkdb k]fslv dhvs pc jvf dyk
Hfhstb, pfsk k]fvf kf]slv Wqfsuh zflfq jsvb hQ zfbcokA W jA tfH
rq.
dj rpvk mczfdhqf -v lt Hfht, kfslv iv rpvk zftD -v
hfqfk kk[B ipG Wqfsuh bq, pk[B ipG rpvk Wnmfb -v JcbDslv
jfY sKsj k]fv Jcsbv hltf bf sbWqf rsqsY; sp JcbDvf rpvk zftD -v
snbflst wfdmt dYt.
rpvk zftD skf Jcsbv hltf dbsk yfdYstb, dj dkdb ncspfo W zbcjCt
nmsqv zsi[f jvdYstb. bkcb sJtfIsk zfnfv iv jfpGHfv iCBH
G fsh nfmst
dbsq idvddk wf rst zivfLDsj dyk wfd slhfv jKf HfhdYstb, pfsk
iadkdqfsk zdHbh sjfb dhslafr wcv bf rsq pfq.

kfWrDl

151

zbAdlsj mczfdhqf -v lt Hfht rpvk zftD Yf jsv Jcsbv hltf

dbsk yfb bf. (hQ sk k]fv fKG zfsY zKhf rkAfjfsv nfsK dkdb udVk
W nmk dYstb.) Hct hcUfhcdUv Ist mcndtm ufrfsb hV lcdlGb wcv rsqdYt.
dj pKfKG bAfq W rj dYt rpvk zftD -v nfsK. mczfdhqf -W k]fv lt
mfrlD, vfswl W lCvlwDG JtDIfsj hcUsk Hct jvstb.
sv suv rpvk rfnfb dhb zftD (vf}) W qfdpl dhb mczfdhqfv iv
hkGft. rpvk rfnfb mcndtmslv Jcb v[fsKG hQ kfslv mfsU jA W nmwd
iadkfv sswA sJtfIskv lfhD huGb jvstb. {nsoG mcndtm ufrfsb j
iajfv wfd t. dj ivhkDGjfst rpvk nfb zdLjfv msk sJtfIskv
lfhD jvstb hQ jcIfhfnDv yfs isV jfvhftfq wrDl rstb.
qfdpl dhb mczfdhqf nisjG mcndtmslv LfvBf sp, sn mcntmfbslv jub
nfLfvB hflwfr dYt. pfv ifiW dYt, icBAW dYt. pfv um dYt rpvk nmfb
v sJtfIkjfst. zkh sn sjfb nfrfhD dYt bf. zffrv sjfb ztDW bf.
ksh sn jfsIvW dYt bf. dj kfv jfvsB jfvhftf iafsv zfrst hfqskv iv
pctcm rt. rpvk nfb wrDl rstb. kfv jfvsB mlDbf bhhDqfv rfvGfsk
hxr{ rkAfjf rt. kf kfsj Ifsnj htf pfq (pdl rkAfdlsj rftft bf Hfsh).
mcndtm qfdplsj bf waf jsv W Hfstfhfsn, zfv bf- ofdt-ml W
zdHnifk jsv. jfvB, dbdlG sjfb Ifsnjsj tfbk hf zdHwfi jvf ShL bq.

(hc} 678)

zfhfv sjfb dbdlG Ifsnsjv ubA W LfvBf Hct sp, sn ufrffmD. jfvB,
ufrffmD sj kf dbdlGHfsh zffr ufsbb. kfYfVf dInXj jvfv iv sn kWhf
jvsk ifsv, djQhf mb sbj zfmt jsv pfsk kfv dInXsjv sofbfr mfduGk rsq
pfq. zKhf sjfb mnDhk kfv sofbfsrv jfIXIfvf (ifsiv iafqdyk) rsk ifsv.
djQhf sjfb wfIfzfskv jfvsB [mfrG rsk ifsv.
zfv mcndtm kfsj waf ubA jsv bf sp, kfv mb sjfb sJspfoA Hfstf
jfu hf sbj zfmt sb, pfv jfvsB sn wafrG rsk ifsv. hvQ zfrst hfqk W
zfrst rfvGfv iv pctcm, zkAfyfv W rkAfjfsv jfvB rWqfv Ist mcndtsmv
rlsq kfv ubA dhlcmf waf sb.
nfrfhfsq sjvfm dYstb zfdqfv iv nhGswa mfbcN. p]fslv iv zffr uff
wfbcr n hQ p]fvf zffrsk n. (jc} 9/100) k]fvf dYstb zdk zflwGhfb
mfbcN hQ nxd-snvf mfbcsNv zdk dhh nryv. bf k]fvf sjfb dhNsq dmKAf
htskb, zfv bf- sjfb nfrfhDv jKfsj dmKAf LfvBf jvskb. pfv ubA k]fslv
njt svWqfqfk (rflDn hBGbf) oarBDq. hBGbfjfvD j srfj djQhf jfdLj, D
srfj zKhf icvN, zfjDlfq srfj zKhf zfrjfsm, njt dhNsq njt s[s
k]fslv hBGbf jhct jvf rq. (zhwA nf[Aialfb W oarsBv hAfifv k.) p]fslv
zfmfbklfvD, nkkf hQ nxdk W LDwd iaJvkfq zfmvf iCBG zdhjxk wvDqk
sisqdY.
mcndtm dhwfn vfsJ sp, nfrfhfhsoGv nhGswa nfrfhD rpvk zfhc hjv dndj.
zk}iv mfv Ifvj, zk}iv rpvk nmfb pcb bCvfb. zk}iv rpvk zftD
mcvkfpf vfdpqff zfbm zfumfb. (hc} 3655, mc} 2384)

kfWrDl

152

pf]vf mfhsq vnCtc fr -v zhAhdrk isv, k]fv yfv srlfqfk W nciKiaf

JtDIf (tfdHdN iadkdbdL dYstb.) p]fslv ncfr W zflswGv zbcnvB jvsk
mcndtm zfdl rsqsY. (mc}zf} 4/126, zf}lf} 4607, dk} 2676, n} uf}
2549) k]fslv iv mpGflfq vsqsYb uffskv ncnQhfliaf hfjD Yqub nfrfhf.
zk}iv zhdw zbAfbA nfrfhfoB.
mcndtm mrfbhD -v hQwLv zfrst hfqksj Hfstfhfsn W waf jsv hQ
ncoHDv Hd vfsJ k]fv ifdjuf DosBv iadk; p]fvf mcdmbslv mfkf. k]fslv njstv
ubA mcndtm hst `vfdpqff zfbm.' zfv njt nfrfhfhxlsj zfdvjHfsh
waf jsv. dj jfsvf waf W Hdsk zdkvb jsv bf. jfsj `mcwdjt jcwf'
hf hftf lCv jvfv znDtfW msb jsv bf.
nfrfhfsq sjvfsmv iadk Hfstfhfnf W Hd mfsbv zQw hQ Dsbv z.
k]fslv iadk zwaf W zHd iajfw, OxBf W dhsNsifNB zKhf sjfb iajfsvv
jecd jvf jcIvD, mcbfsIjD hQ mrfifi. kf mcndtm kfslvsjW Hfstfhfsn
pfvf nfrfhfsq sjvfmsj Hfstfhfsn hQ kfslvsj OxBf jsv, pfvf k]fslvsj OxBf
jsv. (zf} kf})

z
zffffr
rvv z
zffW
Wddt
tqqff
iaskAj mcdmb-mcfjD hflf zffrv ztD. (jc} 2/257, 10/11) sp nhfv sysq
shwD zffrsj Hfstfhfsn hQ pfsj zffr Hfstfhfsnb. zfv hcv hck kJb
hxd ifq, pJb hc hcv Yf W mbmk yst. kf ztD kf Hfstfhfsnb, pf
zffr Hfstfhfsnb hQ kf ml hfsnb pf zffr ml hfsnb.
pfv mfb W kfjWqf pk shwD rsh dkdb kk hV zffrv ztD rshb. kf
zfdqfoB dYstb nhGswa zfWdtqf hQ swakm ztD dYstb swN bhD mcrfmfl
. zk}iv swa zfWdtqf dYstb k]fv nfrfhfoB hQ nfrfhfosBv msLA swa
zfWdtqf dYstb zfhc hjv dnDj .
nckvfQ zfdqf zfWdtqf rsk swa. hvQ jub mf bhD njt zfWdtqf sKsj
swa. (w} kf} 555) ztDv hflk W dvqfpk pk srfj bf sjb, sjfb msk
dkdb sjfb bhDv luGfq (iduwsb) si]ZYsk ifsvb bf.
zfdqf wvDqkD fb zffrv dbje rsk zuGb jsvb. zfWdtqf fbfuGb
jsvb hQ zffrv mf'svIfk ifb zfdqfv bhcqk sKsj. bhDv ialdwGk iK
wvDqk YfVf ztDv ubA zffrv mf'svIfk tfsHv sjfb iK sb. ufsrvD W
hfskbD njt iajfsvv tXm bhczsk hf wvDqsk mucl. wvDqskv iK YfVf
shtfqskv lfhD dmKAf.
rpvk nf
ixdKhDsk icbhGfv sn wvDqsk mcrfmfdlqfv zbcjvB jvshb.
dkdb YfVf pdl zbA sjfb bhDvW zfomb Oek, ksh wvDqskv zbcjvB
hAkDk k]fv ubA zffrv siam W nfmDiA tfsHv sjfb vff Kfjk bf. (jc} 3/81,

mc} 155, lf} 1/115-116, dm} 194)

zkh wvDqskv shf hAdksvsj jfsvf is[ ztD rWqf nHh bq. kf
zffrv zfWdtqf skf kf]vf, pf]vf k]fv wvDqskv zbcofmD. Ifvfsqp W ncbfb p]fvf

kfWrDl

153

zflfq jsv Kfsjb. ucmzfr W ufmfzfsk p]fvf rfduv rb. rfvfm W bf ufsqp
idvkAfo jsvb.
YfVf pfvf dbsuslvsj wvDqskv sLG Hfsh. pfslv dbje wvDqskv rfvfmrftft jfjfv. ucmzfr W ufmfzfk kAfo jsv, mfljlahA snhb jsv, dnulf
oarB jsv, dbsuslv bfsm bpv W dbqfp oarB jsv, ofqv mfrfsvm D-jbAfslv
nfsK dbuGbkf zhtb jsv hQ kfslv jfsY Sldrj dJlmk sbq, jhsv smtf
hnfhfv W jhv iCufv kfjDl slq, ofb hfubfq kmq rq zKy jcvzfb swfbf
ziYl jsv, wvDqk kAfo jsv mfsvIskv bfm dbsq hQ wvDqksj ufsrvD
sHsh hfskbD tXm W zfmstv lfhD jsv iahdx v zbcnvB jsv, wvDqskv hdBGk
hflk idk-YfVf mboVf idksk hflk W dvqfpk jsv -kfvf zffrv bq,
hvQ wqkfsbv zfWdtqf hQ kfvf zfWdtqf bq; hvQ zfdtqf (nruiD nfLj
zft nialfsqv stfj) hf hfdtqf. (jfvB, Lvsbv ydv W zHAfn ntfsm
zShL W dwjG.) pdlW hf kfvf h zstZdjj wd ialwGb jsv, hfkfsn WsV,
ifdbv iv yst, wfsi jfsj ic jsv, stfj ys[ zlxwA rq, ofsqshv Jhv
hst, syfsvv nfb slq, sj kfslv bfsm mfbk W bpv mfbst kfv zfwf iCBG rq
kAfdl.
sjbbf, Lvsbv zstZdjjkf h mcwdvj W jfsIvvfW sldJsq Kfsj, hQ
zsbsjv msk mfde-ifKsvv jfsYW zfwf iCBG rq. pf nfLfvBk} wqkfb fvf
shdw nHh rq. wqkfb hf dub hwDHCk jsv dhdH kfmfwf slJfq kfvf. (jc}
26121) zfhfv jkj zOeb pflc fvf Oefsbf rq. skstnfdk iadqfq nfLfvB
mfbcsNv nflf mb tcef rq. jJsbf hf pfdj W Shfdbj sjfb iadqfv nfrfpA dbsq
dbsuslv sjvfmdk iajfw jsv Kfsj z mfbcNslv jfsY. hQ zdLj nmsq `UsV
jfj msv, zfv IjDv nfsrshv sjvfmdk hfsV' z Hslv dbje.
zkh mcndtm kfslv dbje smfse sLfjf Jfq bf. jfvB `yjyj jvst snfbf
rq bf.' kfv jfsY jcvzfb W ncfrv mCtAhfb jdifKv zfsY. kf dlsq nh djYcsj
sn ivJ jsv sbq. pfsk sn zfWdtqfv vrmfb W zfWdtqfw wqkfbsj nrsu
dybsk ifsv.
zffrv ztD pf djYc hstb kf dhhfn jvf W mfbA jvf Wqfsuh bq. wvDqskv
dbdsk smsi dhhfnspfoA W mfbA rst kf oarBDq rsh, bsy{ kf sjfb Hct hst
msb jvf rsh. jfvB, zfWdtqf mf'ncm bb. dj zfdqf pf djYc hstb, kf dhhfn
W mfbA jvf Wqfsuh. jfvB, k]fvf mf'ncm hQ pf djYc hstb zffrv kvI sKsj
hstb.
zffrv WtD oc Kfjsk yfb,dbsusj stfjnmfsu iajfw jvsk yfb bf. ncJAfdk
W iadnd yfb bf, stfj k]fv dbje dHV umfj kfW yfb bf.
zffrv zfWdtqf lc iajfsvv}zft-mcjk
fdnlCb (mLAofmD) hQ zfn-nfdhjCbft zfWqftCb (zoaofmD W
zoaBD). zft-mcjkfsnlCb, p]fvf zffrv Ifvfsqp zflfq jsv hQ dkdb pf rfvfm
jsvsYb kf huGb jsv k]fv nd tfH jsv Kfsjb. bIt W mcf rfh zfmt jvsk
k]fvf kkef n[m rb bf. dj zfn-nfshjCbft zfWqftCb, p]fvf Ifvfsqspv nfsK

kfWrDl

154

nfsK h idvmfsB bIt hflk W zfmt fvf zffrv nfdLA tfH jsv Kfsjb.
k]fvf Wqfsuh W mcf rfh lc iftb jsvb hQ rfvfm W mjvr nh idvrfv
jsvb. pKfnHh zffrv njt iajfv diaq zfmt W hflk fvf k]fv zdLj kcd
W nfmDiA zuGb jsv Kfsjb. Ist zffr k]fslvsj k Hfstfhfsnb sp, dkdb
k]fslv wahB jvfv jBG, lwGb jvfv y[c, LfvB jvfv r hQ dhyvB jvfv yvB
rsq pfb. zKGf{ k]fv nfrfpA W nd mk k]fvf wcsbb, slsJb, LfvB jsvb W
ystb. zfv k]fvf kf]v dbje pf yfb, kf sisq Kfsjb. (hc} 6502)
zffrv ztDv hfdrAj mb sjfb dbdlG vi W shw sb; pfv fvf k]fv idvyq
ifWqf pfq. zkh k]fsj k]fv zftJff sthfn, tf hf sYfe yct kAfdlsk sybf
pfq bf. jfvB, shtfqk zsvv ocLb. ksh k]fv zfmst zhwA iajfw ifq.
k]fv rlq Kfsj idvwc hQ kfjWqf W rnfsb idviCBG. (53)
mskv njt swaBDv mfbcN, fbD-BD, spff, hAhnfqD, LbD-ovDh, jfvDovyfND, zfvhD-zfumD, kAfdlv mfsU ztDfrv zfdhHGfh rq. kfv ubA jdifKv
wcLc kfjWqf. (jc} 49/13)
ztD rWqfv ubA wkG bq sp, dkdb dbifi rshb hQ sjfb iajfsvv Hct-de
kf]v fvf Oesh bf. hvQ k]fv dbje iCBG wvDqskv fb bfW Kfjsk ifsv.
uskrflD Hcst sjfb ShLsj zShL W kfv dhivDk msb jvsk ifsvb. sjfb
wqkfbD zdkiafjxk yfsj dbsuv jfvfmk msb jvsk ifsvb. khcW dkdb
ztD. jfvB, zffrifj hflfv Hct jvf W Hcst pfWqfsj si[f jsvb. (jc}

2/186, 33/5)

zbcviHfsh jfvfmk ialwGbW ztD rhfv ubA sjfb wkG bq. zffrv vfusk
k]fv zfWdtqfslv sjfb rfk hf Jdkqfv sb. k]fvf sYfq pf yfb kf rq bf;
hvQ wcLc kf rq pf dkdb jf yfb. jfsvf sjfb nfrfpA jvsk, mnDhk lCv jvsk,
sjfb svfo dbvfmq jvsk, nfb lfb jvsk k]fslv sjfb Jdkqfv sb. (jc}
35/13, 46/5-6) zfv k]fvf ofsqhW ufsbb bf.
kf mcndtm k]fslv psK nmfb W waf jsv, k]fslv islw mk zfmt jsv,
dj k]fslv jfsY mb djYc yfq bf; pf jmf zffr dlsk ifsvb. k]fslv
(uDhsb zKhf mvsBv iv) jfsj `mcwdjt jcwf' (dhifvB) (pf zffr hAkDk
sj dlsk ifsv bf, kfv) `lfkf' hf djqfmsk ksv pfWqfv znDtfW msb jsv bf.
jfvB, nh LfvBf dwjG. (I}t} 1/100)
rpvk dJdpv
-sj mvHcdm hf ifdbv (nmcslav iDv hf) zdLfkf W zdLjkGf
msb jsv bf. sj iK Hcst sost dkdb iK slJfb kfW Hfsh bf. dkdbW zbAfbA
mfbcsNv mk sjft jsvsYb. (jc} 2134,hc} 116, mc} 2538) k]fv rfsk hf
zbA sjfbW bhD hf ztDv rfsk sjfb iajfsvv Jdkqfv sb. dhisl k]fslv
wvBfi rWqf hf k]fslv dbje sjfb nfrfpA dH[f jvf dwjG. (I} 1/101)

() rnfb hst mbHfsh hflk (n{jmG W ifnbf) jvfsj, pfsk zfshl msb jsv, sn spb

zffrsj slJsY zKhf zffr kfsj slJsYb.

kfWrDl

155

j
jffvvffmmk
k
zffr kfhfvfjf zkfzftf zfdqfoBsj spmb dhdH mc'supf dlsq k]fslv
nkAkf iamfB jsvb, skmdb k]fv zfWdtqfoBsjW iasqfub pk jfvfmk dlsq
Dsbv kfhtDso nfrfpA jsv Kfsjb. sp jfvfmk wcLc bhD mcrfml -v shfv
hvjsk zfWdtqfoB tfH jsv Kfsjb.
Jfhfv ifsv knhDr ifE, (hc} 3579) zjfv vfs tfdE suAfdkmGq rWqf. (mc}
zf} 3/138) hfsOv nfrfpA jvf, zk lCv rWqf, wv ys[ zlxwA rWqf
kAfdl hiajfv zSbndoGj jfvfmk h zfWdtqfslv rfsk ialdwGk rsqsY.
djYc Jfn zfWdtqfv dbje zffrv kvI sKsj jfwXI W trfm rsq Kfsj. pfv
fvf k]fvf mtfmt zbcmfb jvsk ifsvb. (mc}2398)
jfwXI nfLfvBk} dkb iajfsvv rsq Kfsj }1. jfwXsI mfbD; pfsk zffrkfzftf k]fv ztDv z}jvsB mfbD bCv dhYcdvk
jsvb. pfv fvf ztDv dbje h nmnAfv nmfLfb hQ h dhNsqv zfLAfdkj fb
tfH rsq Kfsj. pf]v pk mfbD wd shwD rsh, k]fv kk bCv W jfwXI shwD rsh.
(kf hst dbu Yfmk sjfb ofsqshv Jhv htsk ifsvb bf. kfYfVf jfwXI
rsh wvDqk mckfdhj. zfv jfwsIv sjfb dhNqsj wvDqk msb jvf pfsh bf.)
2. jfwXsI dvqfpD, dvqfpk (dhdH nfLbf W zbcwDtb) fvf spmb, ihfn, vfd
ufovB, dbuGbkfhtb kAfdlsk pf tfH rsq Kfsj. vi jfwXI mcdmb jfsIv
njstv rsk ifsv. kf ef ztD rhfv ltDt bq. iv Lvsbv jfwXI
sjfb jtAfBmCtj vrnA lXOfeb jvsk n[m bq. pf wcLc dyf W jibf-ianCk.
3. jfwXsI JftjD (nxd hf iajdx koB jfwXI) pf nfLfvBk} Fffv W oshNjslv
dbje rsq Kfsj. wvDsvv dhdH t[B slsJ svfo dbBGq, sjfb hv B-LmG kAfdl
zfdhjfv. sjfb ztDv nfsK Lvsbv jfwXsIv sjfb nijG sb. (w} kf} 563)
mcndtm sjfb jfwXsIv sLfjfq isV bf. jfvB, jfwXI hf trfm sjfb zrD bq.
jfwXsI t jfsvf fb mfbD rsk ifsv, zfhfv wqkfbD zKhf mbmfdb jcmBfW
rsk ifsv. kf kfv dyk, djkfh W ncfrv jdifKsv kf dbjdNk jsv sbWqf.
mb zsbj zffrv zfWdtqf Kfsjb pfslv fvf sjfb jfvfmk hf zstZdjj
wd ialdwGk rq bf. dj khcW k]fvf zfWdtqf. jfvB zfWdtqfv jfvfmsk dbu
sjfb Jdkqfv W zdLjfv sb. zffr yfst k]fslv rfsk kf ialwGb jsv
Kfsjb. zhwA zfWdtqf sjfb dhisl iVst v[fv ubA k]fv i[ sKsj zstZdjj
Hfsh nfrfpA W iK sisq Kfsjb. jibfkDkHfsh vuD tfH jsv Kfsjb. (jc}
65/2-3) mb fbtfH jsv Kfsjb, pfv fvf rj W hfdktsj ixKjDjxk jvsk
ifsvb. (jc} 8/29) zfsJvfsk hQ ifdKGh uDhsbW h nc-nQhfl sisq Kfsjb.

(jc} 10/62-64)

kfWrDl

156

ddu
b
ub

dub mfbcsNv mk jde ufdk. pfslvsj mfbcsNv iCshG zdo rsk nxd jvf
rsqsY. (jc} 15/27) ufdkv zfdl dikf rt htDn. SlkA, lfbh, wqkfb,
zncv, vf[n, slW-ivD, Hck-siak-siadkbD, siakfkf, diwfy -nh djYc dusbv
dhdH HfNfq zKhf dhdH ocsBv iv j jef bfm.
mcndtm spmb zlxwA dIdvf uo{sj dhhfn jsv, skmdb dub uo{sjW dhhfn
jsv. spsrkc jcvzfb W ncfq kfslv zdk iamfdBk rsqsY. (jc} 72)
h dhh mfbcsNv jfsY swfbf pfq sp, k]fvf dub slsJsYb. spmb, djYc uufsbfqfvW dub slsJ Kfsj. (zf} lf} 5102, mc zf} 3/306)
h dudbn zfsY pf zfmvf slJsk if bf, zKy sjfb u kf slJsk ifq spmb,
smZmfdY shocBDv isv zfstfjvdw slJsk ifq hQ ubA kfvf smOtf dlsbW
nCpG slJsk ifq. spmb, si]yf vfskv zjfsvW dwjfv slJsk ifq. (zf} du}

12)

dub Jfq W ifb jsv. kfvf zffrv bfm dbsq iafBDv zdsk rfk dlst kf
mfQsn idvBk rq. zfv sofhv kfslv iwcslv JflA. (mc} 450)
dubslv D-icvN zfsY kfvf dhhfr-wflD jsv hQ nfsbv um slq. (jc}
55/56) dj dusbv nfsK bnfsbv dhhfr rq dj bf kf swfbf sostW ndEj htf
pfq bf. zsbsjv msk kf nkA Ose Kfsj. (I}}kf} 19/39) hQ kfslv dmtb
rq W nfbW umfq. spmb, uffskv vDv ns dub W bnfb Hsqv dmtb
nHh. (jc} 55/56)
kfvf mxkAc hvB jsv. (jc} 7383, mc} 2717) ksh kfslv msLA wqkfb
lDOGuDdh. (jc} 7/14-15)
sp ixdKhDsk mfbcN hfn jsv sn ixdKhDsk dubW hfn jsv. ksh kfvf shwDv
Hfo sifsVf hf LQnfhswN Ov-hfdV, Jfdt mqlfb, ihGkocrf kAfdlsk hfn jsv.
dj wqkfb iajdx kv dubvf ianfa h-ifqJfbfv ufqofq, dhdH sbfQvf fsb hQ
jhvfsb hfn jsv.
wqkfb dub mfbcsNv hfnoxsrW hfnf h]fsL. ksh zffrv bfm, dpjXv, jcvzfb
sktfzk, dhswN jsv nCvf hfjfvfr W zfqfkct jcvnD wcsb itfqb jsv Kfsj.
nfv nmq wqkfb dubvf shwDv Hfo YdVsq isV. pfv ubA dhswN jsv sYfe
dwwcslvsj Osvv hfsv spsk slWqf dyk bq. (hc} 3280,n} uf} 776) zfhfv
`dhndmfr' hst hfdVv lvuf h jvst sjfb dlsj wqkfb dHksv zfnsk ifsv
bf. (n}uf} 776)
wqkfb dubslvsj vmpfb mfsn hlD jsv vfJf rq. (hc} 3277, mc} 1080)
spmb, zfpfb Ldb kfvf wcbsk ifsv bf, zfpfb wcsb slZsV itfqb jsv Kfsj. (hc}

608)

wqkfbslv zfnt syrfvf Hqv jc{dnk W hDH{n rq. pfv ubA ufrffsmv
pfcm ofsYv Itsj kfslv mfKfv nfsK kctbf jvf rsqsY. (jc} 37/64-65)

kfWrDl

157

wqkfsbv lcde dwQ zfsY. (hc} 3273, mc} 51,828) hfm rfk fvf Jfq W ifb
jsv. (mc} 2020)
zffr kfzftf dub ufdksj mfbcsNv sysq zdLj zfuh zfuh wd lfb
jsvsYb. spmb, kfvf syfsJv itsj dhudtv mk spJfsb-snJfsb sV spskzfnsk ifsv. j IvDk rpvk nctfmfb bhD -v zfslsw dhtdjn vfBDv
dnQrfnb qfmfb sKsj dIdtdsb k]fv j ShEsjv zfso idk jvfv jKf
iajfw jsvdYt. (jc} 27/39)
wqkfb dubvf zfjfswv Jhv dIdvfslv dbje rsk ycdv jsv oBjslv jfsY
si]ZYfq. (jc} 470, mc} 2229)
dub Yfmk vi hf zfjxdk LfvB jvsk ifsv. j hxsv vsi mfv
jfsIvslv dbje sn vnCt -sj rkAfv ivfmwG dlsqdYt. (nD} } dr} 2/9395) ncvfjf dhb mfstsjv vsi hlv pcs sjfvfswv is[ wvDj rsqdYt. ( lc}
m} 4/77) syfsvv vi Lsv pfjfskv mft ycdv jvsk sn zfhc vfvfv rfsk
dkbhfv Lvf isVdYt. zfv swsN zfqfkct jcvnD iVst wqkfb zfsn bf hQ
zffrv kvI sKsj drIfpk rq- kf dwdJsqdYt. (hc} 2311) zhwA sn mrfbhD
-v vi LfvB jvsk ifsv bf. (hc} 110, mc} 2266)
dub dhdH u-ufsbfqfsvvW vi LfvB jsv Kfsj. zdLjfQw jfstf jcjcv,
jfstf dhVft hQ nfsiv zfjxdk LfvB jsv Kfsj. sjfb sjfb mcndtm dub nfsiv
vsi mfbcsNv hfnoxsr hnhfn jsv Kfsj. ubA ixs lc svJfdhdw stu mcVf
nfi hAkDk zbA sjfb nfisj Osvv dHkv wDOa mfvf dyk bq. hfvQhfv pdl sn
nfisj Osv slJf pfq, kfrst kfsj htsk rq, `zffrv jnm! Ov sKsj
shdvsq pfW, bsy{ smsv sIth.' pdl vi dkb dlb (hf dkb hfv) htfv ivW
slJf pfq ksh kfsj smsv sItsk rq. (mc} 2233,2236.n} uf} 2237)
dhNLv nfi spsrkc mfbcsNv W zbAfbA uDshv w, kf Osvv hfsv sp sjfb
ufqofq slJst kfsj smsv sItsk rq.
iaskAj mfbcsNv nfsK spmb dIdvf Kfsjb, skmdb dubW Kfsj. pfsj `jfvDb'
htf rq. (jc} 41/25,43/36, mc} 2814, mc} zf} 1/385) zhwA mcdmsbv dbje
mfbD wd Kfjfv Ist `jfvDb' k]fv djYc [dk jvsk n[m rq bf.
zfmfslv mk dubslvW nmfu zfsY. Hfstf-ml, mcndtm-jfsIv zfsY. (jc}
72/11) mfbcsNv mk kfvfW Db-LmG jsv, sj zLmG (wqkfbD) jsv. zffr
dub-bnfb Hqsj k]fv hflskv ubA nxd jsvsYb. (jc} 51/56)
mfbcsNv mk kfvfW uffk zKhf ufrffmhfnD rsh. (jc} 7/179, 55,46-47)
dub zfsbv nxd rsqW ufrffsmv zfsb ust j ifsh; spmb mfbcN mfdev nxd
rsqW mfdev zfOfsk j ifq.
kfslv bhD zfmfslv bhD mcrfmfl , zfmfslv wvDqk kfslv wvDqk. (jc}
46/29-32, 72/12) kfvfW zfsifsN Db iayfv jsv Kfsj. jJsbf jJsbf
Ylshsw hf zlxswA mfbcN tfmfslv dbjeW tXm dw[f jsv.
zfmfslv mk kfslvW dhdH dwijtf W jfdvodv zfsY. (jc} 34/13) zffr

kfWrDl

158

uffk jclvfkcr rpvk nctfmfb

-v ubA dub W hfqcsj hwDHCk jsv
dlsqdYstb. dkdb spmb Yf skmdbHfsh kfslvsj hAhrfv jvskb. dkdb lczf
jsvdYstb sp, k]fsj mb vfuk slWqf srfj, spb k]fv isv zfv jfsvf ubA
skmb vfuk bf rq. (jc} 38/35) zkh snvi hwDjvB zfv jfsvf fvf
nHh bq. ksh dub Yfmk sjfb mfbcsNv zbcok rsk ifsv.
nckvfQ pdl sj kfv zbcok dubsj zffrv hflk dw[f slq hQ kfsj
dub W bnfsbv mfsU Dsbv khtDso hAhrfv jsv ksh kf swa ztDv jfu.
zfhfv sj pdl kfsj sjfb ShL nfQnfdvj jfsu hAhrfv jsv hQ
zfbcoskAv dhdbmsq dub pdl bnfsbv jfsY sjfb rfvfm mCtA (spmb, kfv ubA
snulf, jcvhfbD hf ihdtlfb kAfdl) bf yfq -ksh kf ufsqp. dj pdl sj
dubsj zShL jfsu spmb, dwjG, rkAf, ycdv kAfdlsk, dbsusj ztD hf hcpcoG
ufdrv jvfv sswA kfv nfrfspA sjvfmdk ialwGb, wkf jsv djQhf iqnf
jfmfhfv stfsH jfsj zncsJ sItf, sjfb bfvD rfk jvf kAfdlsk hAhrfv jsv
ksh kf ncdbdykHfsh rfvfm. (I} } kf} 11/107, I} } 2/229)
dub hf wqkfb sjfb ofsqshv (zlxswAv) Jhv ufsb bf. (jc} 34/14) zkh
sjfb dusbv dbje HfoA hQ HdhNA{ pf dusbv dbje zlxwA W zfk sn
nisjG (sn ofsqh ufsb msb jsv) iaw jvf hQ kfv Jhsv dhhfn jvf
surftdk, dwjG W jcIXv. zhwA ivD[f jvfv ubA iaw jvf (hQ sv dhhfn bf
vfJf)sk zKhf dusbv slJf, swfbf hf ufbf rsk ifsv mb dhNsq iaw jvfsk sjfb
slfN hf sofbfr sb.

ddu
GB
ubb z
zffj
jNNB
G
zfsqmfsq zfrst ncfr dhNsq jmk sp, dub mfbcsNv slsr-msb iadh rsk
ifsv. zffr kfzftf hstb, pfvf nCl Jfq kfvf sn hAdv mk lfqmfb rsh
pfsj wqkfb iwG fvf ifot jsv dlsqsY. (jc} 2/275) zfv zffrv vnCt
hstb, wqkfb mfbcsNv vdwvfq idvmB jsv. (hc} 3289, mc} 2974)
zfcfr dhb mfm zfrmfl (v}) hstb, zfdm dikfsj (mfm zfrmflsj)
httfm, `h stfj hst Kfsj sp, dub mfbcsNv slsr iashw jsv bf?' dkdb
htstb, `shef Wvf dmKAf htsY. (dub iadh rq hQ) mfbcsNv dush jKf hst.'
mfm hsb kfdmqfr (v}) hstb, `dkdb (mfm zfrml) pf hstsYb kf
iadn. jfvB, mfbcN dub zfjx rsq jJsbf mb HfNf hst pfv zKG hcUf pfq bf.
kfv slsr k shwD zfOfk jvf rq sp, pdl hf sn zfOfk sjfb ]sev iv jvf
pfq, skf ]e j ifq. zKy zfjx hAd sn zfOfskv djYcW zbcHh jsv bf.'

(I} } kf} 24/276)

zfhfv zsbj nmq mb [mkf ialwGb jsv sp, [mkf sn zfjx mfbcsNv bq.
jJsbf hf jcvzfb isV, sp zfvhD z[v ipG dysb bf.
dkdb zfsvf hstb, `zfsqmfsq mcnstmDbslv sj mfbcsNv slsr dub iashwsj
zDjfv jsv bf. sp zDjfv W zdhhfn jsv hQ lfhD jsv sp, wvDqk kf dmKAf

kfWrDl

159

msb jsv, kfrst iajk

x is[ sn wvDqskv iv dmKAf hst. zfv wvDqsk mb
sjfb ltDt sb, pf dub zfjx rWqfsj zDjfv jsv hf slsr dub iashwsj
znHh msb jsv.' (I} } kf} 24/277) zfv dkdb (19/ 12sk) zfsvf sJ
jsvb sp, `jKf mc'kfsptfv j nialfq zDjfv jsv Kfsj.' klbcvi dhfb
W hfhhflDvfW nh djYcsj ztDj LfvBf msb jsv.
bhD jvDm rsk jsqjde rflDn hdBGk rsqsY; pfsk hcUf pfq sp, dub mfbcsNv
wvDsv iadh rq. pfsv' bfmj uSbj nfrfhD k]fv j mfl sYst zKhf Hfsosj
ns dbsq vnCt -v dbje stb hQ kfv ubA k]fsj lczf jvfv zfshlb
ufbfstb. dkdb sYstdesj k]fv jfsY dbsq zfnsk zfslw jvstb hQ htstb,
`Wv disEv dljef zfmfv dbje jv.' kfviv dkdb sYstdev jfisV Lsv disE
zfOfk jvsk jvsk htstb, `shv r' zffrv lcwmb, shv r' zffrv lcwmb'.
nfsK nfsK sYstde nc W fHfdhj lxdsk slJsk tfot. dkdb ifdb fvf kfv mcJ
mcsY dlstb hQ kfv ubA lczf jvstb. (} mf} 3548, mf} pf 9/2)
zbcviHfsh ziv j Oebfq dkdb j dwwcv mcsJ KcKc dlsq dub dhkfdVk
jsvsYb. (mc} zf} 4/170-171)
dub zfjNGB nfLfvBk} dkb jfvsB rsq Kfsj }
1. dub mfbcNsj kfv sjfb ocB hf snZlpG slsJ Hfstfshsn sIst. spmb, mfbcsNmfbcsN rsq Kfsj. Ist zdHHCk, dhsmfdrk, mc W zfjx rsq nhGlf (hf sjfb
sjfb nmsq) mfbcsNv jfsY sKsj msbfncJ W nkxd tfH jsv Kfsj. jJsbf hf
hAdHyfvW jvsk yfq. mfbcN nmk bf rst kfsj dhdH Hq W j dlsq Kfsj.
zfhfv JhDn bf rst hcskv shsw kfv h ijfvW jsv Kfsj. sn s[s mfbcsNv
sjfb j rq bf. ipGfsq nfLfvBk} icvsNv iadk bfvD dub hQ bfvDv (pchkDv)
iadk icvN dub zfjx rsq Kfsj.
2. mfbcN zufs dubsj jJsbf (kfv iv ianfa h jsv, ifdb sIst zKhf iafBDv
shsw Kfjf jfst kfv iv zfOfk jsv) j dlsq Kfsj. Ist kfv iv c rsq
iadkswfL oarsBv Yfq kfv slsr sn kfsj j slq. iafBD (nfi-dhYf kAfdl)
vi dubsj mfbcN rkAf jvsk yfst dubW mfbcNsj mfvfv syf jsv. hf smsvW
sIst. (mc} 2236)
3. zjfvsB Jfmfjf mfbcsNv nfsK lchAG hrfv jsv Kfsj. kfsj iCuf hf dnulf jvsk
zfslw slq. spmb lc sYstvf sjfb zidvdyk mcnfdIsvv nfsK zbcdyk hAhrfv
jsv Kfsj. (iCuf hf dnulf jvsk htst kfv jKf mfbf svfoDv sjfbsm dyk
bq.) (l} hc} 14-15)
zfhfv pfvf dusbv iCuf jsv (nfLfvfk} spJfsb ofqvfrv iCuf rq spmb,
mCdkG, ifKv, ofY, jhv kAfdl snJfsb wqkfb dub-zf]eb hf zff ofsV hQ
iCuf sbq) (mc} zf} 5/135) kfslvsj mfsb, kf'pDm jsv W kfslv dbje Hsq
zfwaq W nfrfpA iafKGbf jsv, dub kfslvsj zfsvf zdLj Hq ialwGb jsv. pfsk
kfv wd W kfv iadk Hdsk zdLj ohGfbcHh hQ iCuf hxd rq. (jc} 72/6)
usbA HqfkGvG f zdLj Hq sisq Kfsj. zfhfv zsbj nmq nfqcdhj slZhGstAv
jfvsB mfbcN nfmfbA djYc slJst Hq ifq.

kfWrDl

160

sj dub zfjx rst, dub dhkfdVk jvfv ubA nhsysq hV NL zfqfkct

jcvnD. (hc} 2311) kfviv szfpfr (dub-wqkfb rsk svrf ifWqfv ubA
dhdH zfwaq iafKGbf-mCtj lczf) iasqfub rst Lmj W iarfvW hAhrfv jvf pfq.
ksh kf bnfI mk. iarfsvv hAKf svfoD zbcHh jsv bf. iajk
x is[ dusbv
isv rq. (I}} kf} 19/60) zhwA svfoD isv shlbf zbcHh jsv.
dydj{nfv ubA jcvzfbD zfqfk ifE jsv ifdbsk lm jsv zKhf idh ifs
dtsJ kf sLZk jsv ifb jvfsbf pfq. (I} } kf} 19/64)
zbAKfq dusbv jKf hf wkG mk sjfb iwc kfv bfsm hdtlfb jsv hf kfsj
dnulf jsv n jsv lCv jvf iff dwjG. zhwA dhdH nrDr nckD lczf kAfdl
fvf UfV-Icj
] jvf pfq. sp UfV-Ics] jv wkGfhtD iCshG sdJk rsqsY.
jcvzfbD zfqfk dtsJ kfhDp hfdbsq hAhrfv jvf nisjG Wtfmfslv mfsU
mksHl vsqsY, kfW iCshG zfstfdyk rsqsY. dj zfhuflD bf hfdbsq, dIdvf
hf wqkfsbv bfm dlsq zKhf skstnfdk jhu SkvD jsv hAhrfv dwjG kf nhGlf
msb vfJf lvjfv. dydj{njsj (hQ svfoDsjW) nh dhNsq zdLj nfhLfbkf
zhtb jvf dyk, pfsk sjfb dwjG bf jsv hsn.
zfhfv nHhk} dub WUfv sysq shwD uhvW rsk ifsv. sn s[s mfbD wd
W zdLj lczf lvlsj jfpGjvD jvsk rsh. JhDn dub zdLj dmKAf hcdt hQ Ucef
Hq sldJsq Kfsj, kfsk jfsvf Hq jvf dyk bq.
skmdb WUfv dyk nhGfsoa svfo dbBGq jvf. nHhk} svfoDv mflbf hf
mdj-dhjxdk (shab dFsI) zKhf mcYGf (drdedvqf) ufkDq sjfb svfoW rsk
ifsv. zkh dub msb jsv wcLc wcLc mfvLv jsv `mVfv iv J]fVfv Of' slWqf
dyk bq. zfhfv zsbj nmq svfoDv iv jfsvf pflcv iadkdqf, djQhf kfv
sjfb mfbdnj svfo zKhf sjfb zHD tfsHv zfwfq ncidvjdik zdHbq (Ytfjtf)W rsk ifsv. zdH dydj{nj hf WUf kf nrsu dbBGq jvsk ifsvb.

w
wqqk
kffbb
dusbv j YxJt nialfsq bfm wqkfb. slv nlGfv htDn. htDn iaKsm
zffrv dbjekm hflfslv msLA oBA dYt. dj rpvk zflm
-sj zffrv
zfslsw dnulf bf jvfv Ist mftb wqkfb rt. wcv rt zflm
W k]fv
nfbslv iadk kfv wkf. wkfv ubA wqkfb zffrv dbje wd dH[f
jvt. zffr kfsj sn wd lfb jvstb. mfbcsNv vdwvfq W LmbDsk iashw
jsv kfsj iastfHb W jcmBf dlsq iK W nciK-rfvf jvf rt kfv iaLfb
jfu. djqfmk ipG uDdhk sKsj sn jfu jvsk Kfjsh. dj kfv k hV
wd nsW zffrv sbj hflfv jfsY sn hV jmsufv W bfyfv. (jc} 4/76,
17/65) mcdmsbv jfsY sn sjfbdlb dhuqD rsk ifsv bf.
wqkfb kfv idvBdk ufrffm kf ufsb. kf mfbcsNv iyfsk kfv lcwmdbv
iaLfb swA rt, pfv jfvsB sn ufrffsm pfsh kfsj kfv jfvsB pkef nHh
ufrffsmv nD jsv sbWqf. (jc} 7/11-18)

kfWrDl

161

mfbcsNv iyfsk nlf sIsv wqkfb. mcndtm W sbj mfbcsNv jfsY kfv shwD
zfomb. jfvB, jfsIv skf jfsIv. mxksj smsv It dj? (ksh kfslvsj
mcdmbslv dhvs stdtsq slq.) kf mfsb uDdhk mfbcNsj mfvfv dhdH yI]fsl
iaKmk} kfsj jcIXv W dwsjG sItfv syf jsv. jmsufv mfsbv mfbcN svfo,
mnDhsk hf hAsk iVst wqkfb hxr{ ncspfo oarB jsv. zffrv lvuf YfdVsq
kfslvsj zsbAv lvufq (lvofq) yfWqf jvfq. sjfb drkfjfQJDv shsw sn
kfsj hst, `zmcj lvofq pf, skfv nh zfwf iCBG rsh. skfv sYst mfvf sosY, k
efjf sbfjnfb rsqsY, zffr skfv iadk pctcm jsvsY---' kAfdl.
pdl jfsIv W mcwdvj bfW hfbfsk ifsv, ksh sn mfbcNsj sjfb mrfifsi sItfv
syf jsv. kfslv iahdx v sYfyfdvkfsj c jsv, kfslv msLA zfsifsN drQnf,
sN W wkf nxd jsv. nfmfbA dhNqsj sjla jsv Hfsq-Hfsq W fmD-Dv mfsU
msbfmfdtbA W UoVf hfdLsq j ziv sKsj dhdY jsv. (jc} 2/169, 5/91, mc}

2813)

pJb sjfb ifsiW sItsk ifsv bf, kJb sn mfbcNsj kfslv msb dhdH Hq,
jcmBf W iastfHb dlsq zffrv hflsk hfLf slq.
sj mcndtm rsk yfst hst, `hfi-lflfv LmG kAfo jvdh? stfsj dj htsh?'
druvk jvsk yfst hst, `mfkxHCdm kAfo jvdh, dhslsw ncJ ifdh?' durfl
jvsk yfst hst, `Jcb rsq pfdh, skfv nil W D-icsv dj rsh?' bfmfpD
Iusvv bfmfp iVsk yfq skf wqkfb hst, `Jsbf h vfk hfjD. Effq Wpc
jsv bfmfp iVf hV jdEb, Ocmf.' sj mflafnfq iVsk yfst hst, `IjDvD dhlAf,
Wsk iqnf sb, sie ytsh dj jsv? smso sJsk rsh' kAfdl!
r jvsk yfst hst, `r jvdh? k rfufv Jvy rsq pfsh, iqnfef zbA
jfsu tfosh.' pfjfk dlsk sost hst, `pfjfk djsnv ? Wsk Lb jsm pfsh. W
udvmfbf sjb dldh? W skf skfv dbsuv jfmf.' svfpf vfJsk yfst hst, `hV
jdEb! fA sHs pfsh. jfu rsh bf, yfN rsh bf' kAfdl. D jbAfsj shfvjf
ivfst hf lfdV vfJst hst, `dY}! slJsk Hck tfso, stfsj Eff jvsh. pcso
zfv Wnh yst bf.' wvDqkD ilGf jvst wqkfb zfkDqkfv hb dY jvfv
ncspfo oarB jsv hst, `dY}! Wslv hfVD pfdh sjb? smsqvf tcsjftcdj jsv.'
kAfdl. (n} uf} 1648)
zhwA `bfIXsn zfmfvfr'W mfbcNsj vjm htsk ifsv. kf skf vmpfsb
wqkfb hlD KfjstW bfIXn wqkfsbv jfu jsv. Ist h ifi h rq bf.
wqkfb pJb mfbcNsj jcmBf slWqf nsW hflsk hfLf dlsk ifsv bf, kJb
kfv (mcdmsbv) hflksj nmCst b jvfv syf jsv. pfsk hflsk sn sjfb
sbjD hf It bf ifq. zkh kfv bfmfsp sn nfQnfdvj pk jKf nvB jdvsq
slq. zffrv lvhfv sKsj kfv mb dIdvsq sbq. pfv Ist bfmfsp dhdH Hct rq.
bfmfp nr zbAfbA njt hflsk `dvqf' Hvfv syf jsv hQ zfsvf dhdH isK
kfv hflk dhb jvfv syf jsv. zsbsjv jfsY kfv sn syf nIt rq. dj
iff mcndtsmv jfsY wqkfsbv sjfb jc-hcd nIt rq bf.
iaskAj sn jfu pfsk zffrv bfIvmfbD rq kfsk wqkfsbv (zKhf msbv)

kfWrDl

162

kfshlfvD rq. iaskAj iCuf, ifnbf, bpv-dbqfp, hdtlfb pf ofqvfrv bfsm rq

kf hk} wqkfsbv bfsm. jfvB, wqkfb nshv zfslw-dbslGw W ivfmwG
dlsq Kfsj. ubA pfvf dIdvfv iCuf jsv, iajk
x is[ kfvf wqkfsbv iCuf
jsv. (jc} 4/117,118,34/40-41)
smfe jKf, wqkfb iaskAj Hfstf W bAfq jfspG hfLf W HDdk hQ ml W zbAfq
jfspG zfslw W {nfr ialfb jsv Kfsj. (jc} 2/268,7/16-17)
dj wqkfb kfsk [f bq. hvQ mfbcNsj mfbdnj W wfvDdvj jW dlsq
Kfsj. (jc} 58/10) jfsj Hqv i sldJsq, (n} uf} 3526) jfsvf Ov hf
sjfb djYc ufdtsq, (zf}lf} 5236) usmv nmq iwGg jsv, (pJb dwwc dy{jfv
jsv sj]sl WsE) (hc} 3431) mxkcAv nmq iwG pBf dlsq, (n} uf} 1293) dhdH
zncJ-dhncJ W svfo sb, (jc} 38/41 n}uf} 3579,4107) mfbcsNv slsr iadh
rsq, (I} } kf} 24/276) j dlsq Kfsj.
wqkfsbv wqkfbD jfsu kfv h sIZuW zfsY. nmcslav iv dnQrfnb svsJ
kfv sIZu mfbcsNv dbje ifdEsq Kfsj. kfv dbje nhsysq m sn, sp zdLj hV
Ifnfl W dhO nxd jvsk ifsv hQ fmD-Dv mfsU dhsYl zfbsk ifsv. (mc}
2813) kfv mfbcN hcW zfsY zsbj. hcshsw mfbcNsj ifsi I]fdnsq lCv sKsj
rfsn. LQsnv isK hfdVsq dlsq iyf{isl itfqb jsv. (jc} 8/48)
zbcviHfsh djqfmskW pJb kfv zbcnfvD dhiKofmD wfdspfoA mfbcN kfsj
slfNfsvfi jvsh, kJb sn nh djYc zDjfv jvsh hQ sjfb iajfsvv zivfL
OfsV sbsh bf. (jc} 14/22)
ntfm W mcndtmslv dhvs njt iajfv pcsv ubA wqkfb kfv slf-hcslv
c W {nfdrk jsv. (jc} 6/121) mcndtmslvsj dhN jsv. (jc} 58/10)
kfslvsj kfv hc-hfhslv Hq slJfq. (jc} 3/175) bfvD-fLDbkf, iaodkhfl
kAfdlv bfm dbsq wqkfb kfv hfh-hfhDslvsj nfdusq mcndtmslvsj dj
efbf-sifsVsb bf sIst! smZthflD, iafyDbiD, jviD, nfnD kAfdlv bfm
dbsq hQ ntfsm dhdH nQwq, nslr W dhkjG nxd jsv zmcndtmslvsj
mcndtmslv dhvs stdtsq slq.
nQnfsvv dbqm . n{ jm, zn{ shwD. ixdKhDsk iaskAj pcso (HfhD rpvk
nf
-v pco hAkDk) djqfmk ipG mcdsmq jkj stfj YfVf nhf skf
wqkfsbv sytf-yfmcf. (jc} 34/20)
wqkfsbv jvfv idk znQJA. pfv ubA iK mfbcsNv
nQJAf zdLj. kfv djYc idk, pKf }1. rjsj hfdkt hQ hfdktsj rj jsv ialwGb. (jc} 16/63) pfsk sI]sn
zodBk mfbcN bfmfp-svfpf kAfo jsv jhv W loGf iCufq mb hnfq. ncfksj
dhlzfk W dhlzfksj ncfk msb jsv. iafsyAv (ntfsmv) idh nfmfduj
uDhbpff W dwfyfvsj ivfLDbkf hQ iakDsyAv bokf, DbrDbkf W lcodG ksj
fLDbkf W iaodk hst. spJfsb icvNvf kfslv bfvDslv idhkf W nkDskv uDhb
zdkhfdrk jvsk kfslvsj tftfdqk jcjcsvv rfk rsk drIfpsk vfsJ, snJfsb
bfvDsj sHfoAiBA hst. zfv spJfsb icvNvf mfsE, Ofse, isK, dhlAftsq, zdIsn

kfWrDl

163

kAfdlsk bfvDv vi-snZlpG W spZhb dbsq sJtf sJst snJfsb kfslvsj LbA-LbA
hst. nkA W bAfqsj znkA W zbAfq jsv sldJsq wqkfb hV nfItA zuGb
jsvsY hQ mfbcN I]fsn sI]sn nhGfdLj shwD [dkoa rsqsY. (jc} 4/51,

6/137, 18/103, 27/24, 2938)

2. rfvfm hf zShL, zwDt W znHA dudbsnv msbfstfHf, wDt W nHA bfmjvB}

spmb uffsk rpvk zflm W rfWqfv (zf}) dbje dbdN hxs[v bfm dlsqdYt
zdhbhv hx[ (pfv It H[B jsv zdhbfwD uDhb tfH rq.) (jc} 20/120)
zfv zfuW LmGrDbkfv bfm LmG-dbvsi[kf, bokfv bfm IAfwfb W nHAkf. nCslv
bfm tHAfQw W befsv, mslAv bfm ncvf W wfvfh, OcsNv bfm hJdwn, hAdHyfsvv
hf zShL nisjGv bfm Hfstfhfnf, ofb-hfslAv bfm vsrv sJfvfj, shwAf W jnhDv
bfm spZbjmGD kAfdl dlsq mfbcNsj sLfjfq sIst kfv zfsJvfk hvhfl jsv.
3. zdkvb W zHd, zhf hQ zhsrtf nxd jvf. sp mfbcsNv msb LmG
sykbf shwD slsJ kfv msb zdkvsbv jcmBf slq, Ist mfbcN zfhXlsj
mf'hcslv zfnsb hdnsq mf'hcl sYsV zfsv dbje nh djYc sysq Kfsj hQ iafq
iaskAj hflsk djYc bf djYc zdkdv (dhlzfk) jsv Kfsj.
i[fsv pfv msb LmG-sykbf jm kfv msb zfsvf zdLj zhf W zhsrtf sb
kfsj iafq sh-zfmt jsv sIst. zfv lcubsj dnvfsk mcf jDm rsk nclCsv
zinfdvk jsv.
4. mfbcNsj ztn W dbvlAm jsv sItf, pfsk mfbcN hflsk dTt dlsk dlsk
jdlb dhtjct kAfo jsv hsn. (hc} 1142, mc} 776) (54)
5. dhdH zn{jfspG mfbcNsj nItkfv zDjfv W zfwf ialfb. (jc} 4/120)
zn{ hAhnfq zdLj tfsHv zfwflfb. bfrj tVfsq dhusqv zfwflfb. (jc}
8/48) kAfdl.
6. drkfjfJDv vsi mfbcNsj nhGbfsw sItf. (jc} 7/21)
7. mfbcsNv mtubj W drkjv nvBDq hsj dhnxk jvf. (jc} 20/115,
18/63) LmDGq zbcwfnb W jkGhAsj dhnxk jvf. (jc} 6/68) hflfv mb sKsj
zffrv nvB Hcdtsq slWqf. (jc} 12/42,58/19)
8. kfv sytf-yfmcfslvsj mcndtmslv nfmsb hV (k W wdwftD) jsv
sldJsq kfslvsj HDdk ialwGb jvf. (jc} 3/175)
9. mcdmsbv msb dhdH nslr W nQwq nxd jvf. spmb, ef sj nxd jsvsY?
Wef sj nxd jsvsY? zffr nhsj nxd jsvsY, zffrsj sj nxd jsvsY?!
kAfdl. (hc} 3276, mc} 134, mc} zf} 1/235)
mfbcNsj dhiKofmD jvfv dhdH I]fl, uft hf rfdkqfv vsqsY wqkfsbv. pKf}
mlA, ucqf, mfbcsNv mboVf mf'hcl, IftjfdE hf Iftbfmf. (jc} 5/90-91) pflc
(jc} 2/102) mfbcsNv iahdx W dvic; jfm-sfL-stfH-smfr-ml-mf{npG, bfvD,
ifdKGh siam, zwDt Ydh, ofb-hfubf, ofsIt mb iaHdx k.

( ) mfbcN pJb dblafshsw zKhf zftsnA rf skfst kJb wqkfb rfsn. kf rf ldmk jvf

zKhf sn nmq mcsJ rfk vfJf dyk. (hc} 3289)

kfWrDl

164

hk} nh I]fl fvf mfbcsNv mfb-LmG dwjfsv htDn hV nItkf zuGb

jsvsY. mfbcsNv ns htDsnv iakAfwf nIt rsqsY. Wslv msLA jde mcdmb
lt YfVf njst kfv zbcnvB jsvsY. zKy Wslv iv wqkfsbv sjfb
zfdLikA sb. (jc} 34/20-21)
wqkfb mfbcsNv (mcndtsmv) dyvw. sn wv nfsK mxkcA ipG kfv durfl
55
( ) yst. sp durfslv z mfsbv nufo dlt, djkfh W ncfrv zbcnvB,
dzfpfr (zffrv dbje wqkfb rsk zfwaq iafKGbf), zffrv dpjXv,iCBG ntfmD
nmfsu hfn, wqkfsbv dhdH sLfjflfb idk W mfLAmfdl nisjG fb, kfv
dhsvfdLkfjvB kAfdl. (56)
nh z mcndtm pJb hAhrfv jsv, kJb wqkfb jfhc rsq ivfuq Djfv jsv.
sbj W mcdmb hflfv jfsY sn sjfbdlb uqtfH jvsk ifsvbf. (jc} 15/42,

16/99)
wqkfb pdl bf rk, kfrst mfbcN nvt isK ytsk ifvk hQ ifi rsk h]fysk
ifvk, dj zffrifj kfsj sjb nxd jvstb?

dbifi nxd dIdvfmtD. zodBk dIdvf sjfb iajfsvv ifi bf jsv nlf k]fv
hflsk mo. dj dkdb mb j nxd yfstb pfvf hflk jsv zfhfv ifiW
jsv hQ nfsK nfsK k]fv jfsY [mfiafKGD rq. jfsvf lvofq bf dosq wcLc k]fv
lvofsr Hcstv mfKf zhbk jsv [mf iafKGbfv r sftb jsv. dj wqkfb
nxd bf jvst mfbcN rqskf ifi jvskf bf. zfv mfbcN dbifi rsq hflk jvst
kfrst skf dIdvf psK dYt. zfhfv k]fv zfslw iftb jvf spmb hflk,
skmdb k]fv dbsNL mfbfW hflk, ifi bf jvfW hflk. ifsiv mrfb sbkf
(dtFfv W dFtfv) htDsnv nfsK tVf jvfW hflk.
klbcvi Hfstf-ml hfYf jvfv ubAW wqkfb nxdv iasqfub dYt. spsrkc
zjfv nxd bf jvst zfstfv jlv rk bf. wqkfb nxd bf jvst sbjD hf icsBAv
jlv rk bf. zffr uff wfbcv j HDNB ivD[f. dkdb slJsk yfb, znQJA
hb W hfLf nsW nmsj Ob jsv sj k]fv wvBfi rsq sjht kf]v
hflk jvsY. wqkfsbv hfLf W kfv yhb bf rst sn ivD[f (dhbf iasw)
() durfl nkA W bAfsqv iadkhj lCvDjvBfsKG znkA W zbAfsqv dhvs nQoafmsj hst. v
dhswN zKG, jcIvD W dwsjGv mCstf{ifeb jsv zffrv j Db iadkf, slw W zfkv[fv
sswA pc jvf. nfLfvB zsKG, zfkf W iahdx v jcisa vfybfv dhvs, dhdH sbfQvfmD, zwDtkf W
ifsiv dhvs hQ wqkfsbv dhvs nQoafm W tVf tVfsj durfl htf rq. sp durfl rq
pcsofispfoD zw, tXm, stJbD W hfjkvhfvD kAfdlv nfrfspA. hfdkt wdv dhvs dhdH
wd fvf tVf spvi durfl, klbcvi jciha dx v sYfyfdvkf W wqkfsbv jcmBfsj ivfHCk jsv
zffrv hflk jvfW j durfl. hfdkt mkhfl hQ nkA W bAfsqv iv zfsvfdik zihfl
Jb jvfW durfl. dj v ubA tXsmv Lfvft zsv iasqfub. kf tmX dw[f jvfW j
durfl. jft-if sHsl durfl Ivp zKhf Ivsp djIfqfr (psK idvBfsm djYc stfj kf jvst
zsbAv iv Ivp bq). dj wqkfb W jciha dx v dhvs pc njstv iv Ivp.
() ksh wqkfbsj oftfofdt hf zdHnifk jvf smfse dyk bq. jfvB, kfsk sn IDk W
odhGk rq. (zf} lf} 4982, mc} zf} 5/59)

kfWrDl

165

znmf sKsj pfq. (jc} 7/168,21/35)

i
i
mfbcN dbdlakfhfq zfkfy[csk dhdH i slsJ Kfsj, pf nfLfvBk} dkb
iajfsvv rq }1. nkA i } pf zffrv kvI sKsj hflfsj slJfsbf rq. dIdvf mfbcNvsi
kfv zfkfv nfsK jKf hst zKhf lfrvB vi sjfb Oebf kfsj slJfsbf rq,
zKhf zffrv kvI rsk kfv msb nkA jibfv Ydh Icse WsE hQ kf si lx
rq. pf hfsh nkA Ose zKhf kfv kf'hDv (kf{ipG) nkA rq. Lvsbv i
bhczskv 46km zQswv j zQw. jfvB, nkA i bhczskv zrDv mk bf
rstW kf zffrv kvI rsk trfm rq. (mc} 2263)
2. mb hv i slsJ pfv Ydh mfbcN dbu jibfq W sJqfst msbv ilGfq Jch
shwDvsi zdk W dydk jsv Kfsj. kf pf jfmbf zKhf zfwf jsv kf slsJ
Kfsj si. Lvsbv i ztDj, pfv sjfbW kf{ipG sb.
3. j Lvsbv i; pf slsJ mfbcN zkA Hq ifq. zKhf j W lc}J ifq.
Lvsbv i wqkfsbv kvI sKsj rq. jfvB, wqkfb mcndtmsj j W lc}J dlsq
x lcwmb. kf
Jch kxd ifq. (jc} 58/10) spsrkc wqkfb mcndtsmv iajk
zffrv vnCt -v dbslGw, sp lc}i slsJ sn spb jfuocdt jsv }
wqbfhfq hfm dlsj dkbhfv KcKc sIst.
wqkfsbv zdb sKsj zffrv jfsY zfwaq iafKGbf jsv.
sp lc}i slsJ, sn ml W [dk sKsjW v[f iafKGbf jsv.
ifhG idvhkGb jsv wqb jsv.
wpAfkAfo jsv bfmfp iVsk wcv jsv.
zfv siv jKf spb jfsvf jfsY iajfw bf jsv. (hc} 7044, mc}

2261, 2262)

zhwA nci rst zfkDq-hcsj htsk ifsv. (mc} 2261) zbAfbA i diaq
hAd YfVf zbA jfsj htsk sb. jfvB, siv sp kf'hDv (kf{ipG) jvf rq
kf iafq hfh rsq pfq. zkh diaqubsj htst wcH zKGg jvsh, dj pfv
dbje sn zdiaq, kfsj htst kfv ubA zdiaq zKG shv jvsh. zfv kfsk dhil
nHh.
i[fsv nkA i sj slsJ, zKhf jfv i nkA hst dhwfn jvf pfq-pdl sn
nkA i slsJ Kfsj? mcfjD ivsrpofv nkAhflD stfsjv i nkA W dhhfnspfoA
rq. (mc} 2263)
ksh mcfjD stfjW hfjD lc iajfsvv i slJsk ifsv. dj sp hAd zffrv
vnCt -sj si slJsh sn nkA slJsh. jfvB, wqkfb k]fv vi LfvB jvsk

kfWrDl

166

ifsv bf. (hc} 110, mc} 2266) dj kfv si qfjDb rWqf yf. sjht LfvBf hf
zbcmfb jsv zbA jfsj bhD bf msb jsv hsn. zfhfv nfLfvBk} lxiChG hf
jdik dudbn si slJf pfq, dj spsrkc zffrv bhD -sj zffr k]fv diaq
hflfsj slJfb, kf sn nkA slsJ.
pdl sj mb ifdl rq; pf wvDqsk dbdlk hf odrGk, kfrst kf nkA hf
zffrv kvI sKsj bq. kf db}nslsr msbv sJqft zKhf wqkfsbv i. spmb,
pdl sjfb svfoD slsJ sp, sjfb lvshw kfsj htsY, zmcj zffbfq hf loGfq JfnD
yVf, skfv svfo Hfstf rsq pfsh. djQhf nfk mndul Lcsq ifdb Jf, svfo Hfstf rsq
pfsh. djQhf jcjsc vv sofX Jf, zfsvfoA rsh. zKhf sj si slsJ sp, sjfb mxk
hcpcoG kfv jhsv mfpfv SkvD jsv smtf hnfsk htsY kAfdl. jfvB, ocdt nh
wvDqsk rfvfm W dwjG. (I} t} 3/67)
sjfb mxk hAd Yf jvst jfsj i slJfsk ifsv bf. ksh zffrv Yf
rst kfv zfkDq-ub hf zbA jfsj kfv hfvpfJD zhf si ufdbsq Kfsjb.
sJA sp, dwwc si sj]sl Est `(slhD) Nfe mf'sqv slfrf sbWqf iff dwjG.
spmb LfvBf vfJfW dwjG sp, jdy dwwcsj Nfe mfsq rfnfq-j]flfq.

z
v
zv

zv slsrv mb j zQw pf idvjfv W wc Kfjst nfvf slrW jmG wc rq.

zbAKf kf sbfQvf W zwc Kfjst nfvf slr W jmG zwc rq. kf zv mfsb
idviCBG Kfjst hfdrAj slsrW mfbD iaHfh dhjfw tfH jsv.
mcndtm pf djYc zfmt jsv kf dbHGv jsv zsvv iv. mb dEj Kfjst
jfu Hfstf rq, bkchf ml. dbqk hf nsiv fb dlt, mcJ bq. kf sj
mcsJ jstmf iVst mcndtm rq bf, pk[B bf kf zsv fb slq. zfhfv
dIkbfv nmq jstmfsj zsv oc svsJ mcsJ kfv dhivDk (jcIvD) htst mcndtm
jfsIv rsq pfq bf. (jc} 16/106)
zbcviHfsh Iusvv bfmfspv dbqk zsv jvst hQ mcsJ spfrsvv bfmfp
htstW dbqk Iusvv rq. (mcsJ dbqk dhlzfk. zfhfv zfvhDsk dbqk jvst
hQ kfv zKG bf hcUst dbqk rq bf. spmb, zfvhDsk jstmf isV kfv zKG
rlqm bf jvst mcdmb rWqf pfq bf.)
dj Hfstfhfnfv s[s hAfifv dH. jfsj wcLc zsv Hfstfhfnst zKGf{ mcsJ
hf jfsu Hfstfhfnfv hfhkf bf slJfst sn Hfstfhfnfv sjfb mCtA Kfsj bf. D
pdl fmDv iadk Hfstfhfnf zsv oc vfsJ, zKhf wcLc mcsJ siasmv lfhD jsv, zKhf
zsv W mcsJ lcsqv Hfstfhfnfv lfhD vfsJ zKy fmDv sjfb jfsu, zfslw hf
dJlmsk of bf sOnfq kfrst dbyq sn siasmv mrt sHs ycvycv rsh. klbcvi
zsv hf mcsJ bf rsq wcLc hfdrAj jfsu Hfstfhfnfv zdHbq jvst kfW dejhfv
bq. kf mfb zsv dhwfn, mcsJ Djfv W jfspG idvBk - dkb nmdv bfm.
mcndtm kf mbsj dv jsv zv idvjfv W dhwc jsv. wcdsk kfv

kfWrDl

167

nhdjYc wc rq. zfhfv zsv sp hDu Kfsj kfv Int hfdrAj slsr (lfdV, sthfn
W zbAfbA zflswG) iajfdwk rq. kf mb dEj bf Kfjfv slfrf dlsq hflsk
odVmdn jsv bf. vi sJ]fVf Wpsv kfsj [mf jvf rsh bf. zffr skf njstv
zpfG mD. (jc} 5/7)
msb msb sJqftD ifi dyf jvst ifi rq bf. ksh dyf lCNBDq. (hc} 5269)
msb msb ifsiv hfnbf W ni jvfv iv kf hfsh zfmt bf
jvfq yfv zhf rsk ifsv }1. sp ifi jvfv ncspfo W nfmKGA Kfjf nsW kf zffrv Hsq kAfo jsv, kfv
ubA icBA dtJf rq.
2. sp ifi jvfv ncspfo W nfmKGA Kfjf nsW kf sjfb mfbcsNv Hsq kAfo jsv
ksh kfv ubA ifi dtJf rq. jfvB, sjfb mfbcsNv ubA zfmt jvf hf kAfo jvf
dvqf W dwjG.
3. sp ifsiv hfnbf W idvjibf jvfv iv kf ydvkfKG jvsk sydk rsq,
ncspfo hf nfmKGA bf Kfjfv Ist kAfo jsv, kfv ifi dtJf rq.
4. sp sjht ifsiv jfmbf W jibf jsv, jvfv sjfb ni jsv bf, hvQ kf
OxBf jsv W lCsv Kfjsk yfq ksh kfv mb dyf W jibf [mf jvf rsh.
sp ifsiv hfnbf jsv hQ zfdvj jsmG ifi dyf jsv W kf zs t fb dlsq
Kfsj. spmb, zffrv kfWrDsl, bhczk, icbvfb kAfdlsk nQwq jsv, ksh sn
jfsIv zKhf mcbfdIj rsq pfq. klbcvi, kf Hfstfhfnf pf zffr hfsnb bf W
kfv dhivDk, zrQjfv, ohG, drQnf, zjfvsB sjfb mcndtsmv iadk jcLfvBf
kAfdlsk jfdhvfr sofbfr dtJf rq.
sp zfdj jsmG ifi hfnbf W jibfv iv kf jvfv ni jsv. spmb,
hAdHyfv, ycdv, mlAifb, rkAf iaHdx k. ksh kf jfsu idvBk jvfv syf bf jvstW
sjht idvjibfv ubA ifi dtJf rsh. spsrkc sn zsv kf fb dlsq Kfsj.

(kfmfD hA)

zfhfv sp ifsiv Yf jsv jvfv syf jsv bf, zffrv Hsq hf mfbcsNv Hsq bq
hvQ mdb kAfo jsv, ksh kfv bf ifi dtJf rq, bf icBA.
zfhfv zsv sjfb icBA hf n{jfspGv ni jvst (jfpGde bf jvsk ifvstW)
sbjD dtJf rq. jfpGde ni jvst zfsvf lwB sbjD dtJf rsq Kfsj. (hc}

6491, mc} 128)

jfsvf yfsi dbvifq rsq zKhf msbv zufs Hcst zdbYfjxk sjfb sofbfr
jsv Kfjst, kfW LkGhA bq. (jc} 2/283, 33/5) klbvi dbfsOfsv hf si
zKhf ifotfhfq zKhf bfhftjfhfq sjfb ifi jsv sItst, kfW LkGhA bq.

(n}uf} 3506, 3509)

njst dbu dbu ifsiv wfd sHfo jvsh. sj jfsvf ifi-shfUf zhwA hrb
jvsh bf. (jc} 35/38) sj pdl jfsvf ifsiv lfdqk dbsq sjfb ifi jfsu kfsj
iatc jsv, ksh sn kfv ifiHfv `hrb jvh' htstW sn ifi Hfsvv djYc zfslZ
hrb jvsh bf. (jc} 29/12)
hfi-lflfslv ifsiv iadkIt nfbvf sjfbdlb sHfo jvsh bf. kf ufvu

kfWrDl

168

nfb zidh bq. kfv dikf-mfkfv ifsiv ubA kfv sjfb wfd rsh bf.
jfsIvslv mxk dwwc-nfb hQ pfslv dbje ntfsmv Jhv smfse si]ZsYdb mb
stfjslvsj djqfmsk ivD[f jvf rsh. zffrv zfbcoskAv ivD[fq DBG rst
kfvfW uffk ifsh.
dj sj pdl dhbf tXsm Hct Iskfqf dlsq sjfb mfbcNsj ifsi dt jvfq ksh
ifiDv sjfb nfuf bf rsq mcIkDv nfuf rsh. jfvB, z mfbcsNv ifi W
kfv ubA sn lfqD. (jc} 29/13,16/25)
zbcviHfsh sj sjfb jcvDdk yftc jvst sn kfv dbsuv hQ vDdkv iv
djqfmk ipG zfmtjfvD stfsjv ifiHfv hrb jvsh. (hc} 7321)
zffr kfzftf hflfv sjht hfdrAj vi slsJb bf. hvQ dkdb kfv z}jvB
slsJ Kfsjb. hfdrAjHfsh zffrv ubA bfmfp iVstW zsv pdl stfj ialwGb
djQhf zbA sjfb swA rq ksh kf sYfe dwjG rsh. zfhfv bfmfsp l]fdVsq
sjfb hcpcoG, WtD hf bhDv kf'pDmD Ydh pdl msb svJfifk jsv, kfrst kf hV dwjG
rsk ifsv.
rlq-msbv mfv-iA]fsyv jfvsB mfbcN mcbfdIj, jie hf dhhfnOfkj rq.
kf mcdmsbv zv hfdrAj vsiv nkAkfv iv nf[A slq hQ kfv hfdrAj vi
zfHAvDB nkAkfv iv nf[A slq. spsrkc kfv dHkv-hfdrv j nmfb.

nnffmmAA
ntfm bAfq-ivfqBkfv LmG. ntfsm nhf nmfb. sjfb hBG hf swaBD sHslv fb
sb ntfsm. sjfb ufk-ifk y-bDykf mcndtsmv msb fb ifq bf. mcndtm
rst nhf kfv Hf. LbD-ovDh, shkjfq-jxjfq, HxkA-mfdtj, zfvhD-zfumD,
swJ-Snql-mdj-ifEfb, hAhnfqD, yfND, jfdvov nhf nmfb. jfsvf iv jfsvf
zdLj mpGflf sb. mpGflf W swaskv jdifKv wcLc `kfjWqf' ivsrpofvD,
nQpmwDtkf hQ zffrHDdk. zffrv dbje sn nshGf{jx mfbcN pfv
`kfjWqf' nh sysq shwD. (jc} 49,13, mc} zf} 5/411)
kf mcndtm dbu hQw hf nil dbsq ohG jsv bf. hQw dbsq ohG j
ufsrdtqfdk iaKf. (mc} 934) kfjWqf W zfmt bf Kfjst bhDv hQwLv rstW
zffrv zfpfh sKsj sj svrf ifsh bf. zfhfv ufvu rstW kfjWqf hf zfmt
Kfjst sn swa rsh hQ zffrv zbcora tfH jvsh. kf wcLcmf hQw slsJ
mfbcsNv idvyq zKhf hQswv sjfb lc-j hAdv hAhrfv slsJ nfvf hQswv
hAhrfsvv zbcmfb zfslZ ndEj bq. zhwA hQwDq iaHfh hf kfnDvsjW zDjfv
jvf pfq bf.
zffrifj k]fv zfdqfosBv msLA jsj zisvv sysq zdLj IpDtk W mpGflf
ialfb jsvsYb. (jc} 2/253, 17/55) dhbf ifKGsjA njstv iv mfb zfbf
Ivp. (jc} 2/285) dj mpGflfq njtsj nmfb Hfhf pfq bf. zkh swN bhD
mcrfml k]fslv njstv dwsvfmdB. (hc} 3340,mc} 2278)

kfWrDl

169

zffr uffk jclvfkcv dhdy nxdsk mfbcN LbD W ovDhvsi nxd rsqsY.
nisl dkdb njtsj nmfb jsvbdb. (jc} 16/71) kf zKGSbdkj nmnAfv
ntfmD nmfLfb bf dbsq hQ pfjfk h jsv nfsmAv ofb sosq njstv nil
nmfb Hfsh heb jvfv i slJf hxKf. mrfb zffr hstb, `Wvf dj skfmfv
iadkiftsjv zbcora heb jsv! ifdKGh uDhsb zfdm Wslv uDdhjf Wslv msLA
heb jsv dlsqdY hQ jsj zisvv iv mpGflfq k jsvdY, pfsk sj
zisvv fvf jfu jdvsq dbsk ifsv. zfv Wvf pf umf jsv kf rsk skfmfv
iadkiftsjv zbcora {jxkv. (jc} 43/32)
mfbcsNv nxd dhdys icvNsj dkdb bfvDv iv zdLj mpGflf W sbkxk lfb
jsvsYb. (jc} 2/2288,4/34) nfsmAv ofb sosq bfvD-icvN jfjfv rsq idh
W wxJtfmq nmfu W nQnfv oVf zhwA jdEb. jfvB, kfv iaskAj nxdv
iyfsk drjmk zfsY. dj mfbcsNv dyfv iyfsk wqkfb W iahdx jfu jsv.
bfvD mb iajdx ksk nxd rsqsY sp, sn jf ytst kfsj hfLf W Lff sJsk rq.
zKy kfv nrfqkf dhvfe. mf rsq nfsbv, D rsq fmDv dhvfe nrspfdokf jsv
Kfsj. kf sn dbsu vfuf bf rsk sistW vfumfkf rsq hf vfuvfBD W vfundbD
rsq ohGshfL jsv.
icvN ufdk bfvD ufdk zsi[f swa W fbD. (jc} 2/282, hc} 304,mc} 79)
ixdKhDsk pk hV fbD bfvD Kfjcj kfv docB fsbv icvN zhwA zfsY. kf
sbkxskv zdLjfv icvsNv. zhwA bfvD bfvDv, lfn W dksmv zKhf bicQnsjv
sbkxk jvsk ifsv.
zfv spsrkc iaskAj bfvD sjfb bf sjfb fmDv D rq hQ Dv dbje fmD zdLj
hV. zfv iajdx kok iasHslv jfvsB Hqsj nmfb htf pfq bf. spmb, nfb
usmv s[s niCBG j Djfv bfvDsj jvsk rq. icvN bfvD-LNGB jsv Kfsj,
dj bfvDv is[ icvN-LNGB nHh bq. fAok dlj dlsqW icvN zdLj
wdwftD, SpG W SLpGwftD rq. kf icvN hfsvv jfu W bfvD Osvv jfsuv
lfdqk iftb jsv Kfsj. ivfLDbkf W sHfoAisBAv bfsm bq, drIfpk W
nfhLfbkfv bfsm idhkf, ncwxJtkf W lfikA-ncJ pKfKG jvBfKG bfvDsj icvsNv
stftci lxd rsk oc Kfjsk rq. (jc} 33/53) dj sbkxk W jkxsG kv ubA
nmfsuv nfsK dmtfdmwf, icvNslv (fmD hf mfrfsvm hAkDk zbAfbA nHfnslv)
nQnoG, jKfhfkGf, ivfmwG, pc idvyftbf W vfsfqsbv sswA dhdH hxkfdl
uvvD rq. pfsk ilGf, idhkf bfvDk hQ zsbj s[s nkDkW sJfqf pfq.
icvsNv rfsk bfvDv jkxk
G KfjstW icvN zShL jkGk
x hQ zkAfyfv jvsk
ifsv bf. zfv bfvDW icvsNv sn jkxk
G mfbsk hfLA bq. hvQ h s[s (spmb,
zffrv bf IvmfbDsk) bfvDv ubA icvsNv zfbcokA jvf rfvfm. (n} uf} 7396)
ntfsm bfvD-icvsNv - zdLjfv W fLDbkf zfsY. Hsq dbsuv Yf W
iYlmk dhhfr W dhhfrdhsYl jvsk ifsv. (dj bfvDv fb jm rWqfv lvb
kfv s[s kfv zdHHfhj jf uvvD.) ksh dhdH jfvsB W pcdv dHdsk
ntfm icvNsj j nmsq yfvde D vfJfv zbcmdk dlsqsY.
spmb, sjfb pcs hf lcOeG bfq znQJA icvN rk rst bfvDv nQJAf shwD rq. sn

kfWrDl

170

s[s jfdLj dhhfr ShL bf rst hAdHyfsvv hfufv ovm rq.

zsbj icvsNv spZbwd k shwD rq sp, jde bfvDv is[ kfv spZbkxf
dbhfvB jvf nHh rq bf. pfv Ist sn hAdHyfsv if hfVfsk hfLA rq hQ `oftG
s' (iikD) -v nfrfpA dbsk rq.
h dhLhf zdkjs jftfdkifk jsv. dhhfsr Yf KfjstW shwDv Hfo s[s
sjfb zbCP pchsjv vdynmk rq bf. sn s[s pdl sjfb dhhfdrk icvN kfsj
dhhfr jsv kfrst kfv spZb W zKGSbdkj nmnAf kKf lcdlGb jfse. bsy{ sn ifi
W dH[fhxdv isK if hfVfq.
dhhfsrv iv Dv mb svfo slJf dlsk ifsv pfsk sn spZb nsHfo rsk lCsv
Kfjsk yfq zKhf kc SlOGAkfv lvb fmDv is[ SLpGLfvB znHh rq.
zKhf Dv hAskv jfvsB nfb bf rq hQ fmD nfb yfq. mkfhfq kfsj
kftfj dlst kfv lcdlGb zfsn. kf dkDq sjfb iK bf Kfjfq zShL spZb
nsHfsov iadk zoanv bf rsq hQ nfb tfsHv zfwfq zbA j D oarB jsv.
dj ntfm hAdHyfv, zwDtkf, zidhkf, LNGB, htf{jfv W zShL nijGfib
rsk nmfusj mc W idh vfJsk yfq. kf jfdLj (nhGfdLj yfvde) dhhfr ShL
jsv Dslv mfsU bAfq, bnfI W nmfbfdLjfv dlsq idh uDhb zdkhfdrk jvsk
c jsv. i[fsv Dslv mfsU nmfbfdLjfv bf slWqfv zKhf sjfb i[ifdkk
hf sjfb iajfv zbAfq W zkAfyfsvv pdl zfwf Kfsj, kfrst sns[s sjv
zdLj dhhfr ShL bq. spmb, dhhfsrv nmq iaskAjsj nmsb ipc smfrvfbf
zflfq jvf zhwA jkGhA. (jc} 4/3-4)
dEj ipc
G jfvsB ntfm bfvDsj oc W ilGfbwDb jsvsY. kfv mpGflf [c
jvfv sswA bq; hvQ kfv nvt smfrbDq nkDk uDhbsj nclv W dbmGt jvfv
ubA. (jc} 33/53, 59,24/31, mf} mc} 163)
htf hftA, ilGf iaKf sjfb zhsvfL iaKfv bfm bq. ef jde yfdvdj nQfv,
sjfb jcnQfv bq.
i[fsv dhivDk s[s jub bfvDv uDhsb jfdLj icvN wfd zfbsk
ifsv bf.
bfvD nfLfvBk} lcht
G . dbsuv ifsq l]fVfsbf kfv is[ nru bq. kf ntfsm
(bfvDv zKGne lCv jvfv ts[A sjfb dbu iaqfn, jfu hf yfjcvD bf Kfjst)
jbAf zhfq dikfv iv, D zhfq fmDv iv hQ mf zhfq sYstv iv
bfvDv HvBsifNB W zbAfbA lfdqkHfv Kfsj. pfv sj sb, kfv zdHHfhjk
nvjfv jsv Kfsj. pfv ubA bfvDv mDvfn icvsNv zsLGj. (zhwA sjfb sjfb
s[s bfvD icvsNv nmfb Hfo sisq Kfsj.) kfv pKfKG mpGflf v[fsKG nfLfvBk}
Osvv hfsv (ilGfrDbkfq hQ iv-icvsNv nQnsoG) jf jmGs[s kfv pfWqf
zhfbDq. dj pfstm nmfsu ntfmD uDhb-hAhf niCBG tc rWqfq bfvDfLDbkfv bfsm bokf W hofrDb uDhsbv dhdH ntfm-dhsvfLD htDnD
zfslftsbv UV sEsY.
zKy bfvDW ntfmD odv dHksv sKsj (dw[f skf hse) zKGSbdkj nQje lCv
jvsk ifsv. ntfsm kfv hAhfW zfsY. iasqfusb hfsv spsk, yfjcvD, hAhnf W

kfWrDl

171

pcs[s spsk ifsv; pdl sn dbvfif W ivicvsNv lxd rsk sofibDqkf zhtb
jvsk ifsv kfrst. pfsk kfv k, mfb-nm, nkDk, LmGivfqBkf W bfvDk
hufq Kfsj.
zft-jcvzfsb bfvDsj wnAs[sv nfsK kctbf jvf rsqsY. dhswN jfvB W
nfmnA dhlAmfbkfv ubA skf hse, kf YfVf sk bfvDv mpGflfrfbDv dj zfsY ?
sJk skf yfNDv iafB rq. sJskv srIfpk, sOvf-shVf, dnb. pk, zfofYf W
dhdH iwc sKsj v[Bf-sh[B jvf kfv hfbDq jkGhA. klbcvi D fmDv dbje
sn drIfpk W pskv zdLjfdvBD. sJk nhcu Int, Ict-It lfb jsv, D lfb
jsv bqbmdB snsrv oVf ic-jbAf.
qflDslv dhwfn dYt sp, Dv ixslw rsk nm jvst nfb dhjtf rq.
spsrkc vi dhhfn W LfvBf sjhfsv zShfdbj, zspZdj W m dYt, kf
jcvzfb bfvDsj sJskv nfsK kctbf jsv kf Jb jsvsY. sJskv sp sjfbW dlj
sKsj yfNfhfl W hibfdl zfvH jvst spmb Instv idvmfB W icdv sjfb [dk
rq bf, klbcvi Dv sp sjfb dlj sKsj (sjht mf spfdb isK) nm jvst
nfsbv slrf oEsb sjfb [dk rq bf. (jc} 2/223, k} } jf} 1/260)

nndx dx k
k
zffr uff wfbcr dYstb, pJb djYc dYt bf. k]fv zfvw dYt ifdbv iv. (hc}
3191) dkdb nhGiaKm jtm nxd jsv nxdv HfoAdhLfb dtJsk zfslw jsvb.

nxdv dbqdk dtdih rq. v ifw rfufv hYv iv dhh-ufrfb nx rq Yq

dlsb. (mc} 2653, jc} 7/54,10/3,11/7) (n) ixdKhD nx rq lc dlsb. (jc}
48/9) viv nfjfw nxd rq lc dlsb. (jc} 49/12, 2/29)
zfjfw sjfb h dbdmGk. pf Yfslv bAfq dhbf sH dk. pfv fv W iarvD
zfsY. zfjfw iCshG dYt LCmaic dhswN. (jc} 41/11) dkdb zfjfsw ncvd[k lCoG
(vfdwy) nxd jsvsYb. (jc} 15/16) sp zfjfw kvfdqk. (jc} 51/7)
zfjfwmtD W ixdKhD nQpc dYt pf isv Hqsj ixKj jsvsYb. (jc} 21/30)
sv sv dhbA dhwft nfjfw. (jc} 67/3) jfsj dhiKofmD jvsk yfst
dkdb kfv rlqsj zdkwq nQjDBG jsv slb } spb sn zfjfsw zfsvfrB jsv. (jc}

6/125)

zbAfbA zhdw mfJtCjfk lcdlsb nx rq. iajfw sp, 18 rfufv mfJtCjfk hst
iaydtk jKf dEj bq. zffrv mfJtCjfskv sjfb ndEj drnfh sb.
zffr ifj zfjfw rsk hfdv hNGB jsvb. Wsk skfmfslv ubA vsqsY ifbDq
hQ kf rsk umfq dl, pfsk skfmvf iwcyfvB jsv Kfj. dkdb skfmfslv ubA
Wv fvf wnA umfb; pqkcb, JuGcv hx[, laf[f hQ nhG iajfv It. zhwA sk
zfsY dyfwDt nialfsqv ubA dblwGb. dkdb skfmfslv zLDb jsvsYb vubD,
dlhn nCpG hQ ylasj, b[vfduW zLDb rsqsY kfv dhLfsbv. dbyq sk shfL

kfWrDl

172

wdni nialfsqv ubA vsqsY dblwGb. hQ dkdb skfmfslv zLDb jsvsYb

dhdhL iajfv h, pf skfmfslv ubA ixdKhDsk nxd jsvsYb. sk vsqsY dblwGb
sn nialfsqv ubA pfvf islw oarB jsv. dkdb nmclsa j zLDb jsvsYb pfsk
skfmvf kf rsk kfuf mfY zfrfv jvsk ifv hQ kf sKsj vkfhtD zfrvB
jvsk ifv pfv fvf skfmvf ztxk rW, hQ skfmvf slJsk ifW } Wv hcj dysv
utpfb ytfyt jsv hQ ubA sp skfmvf spb k]fv zbcora nfb jvsk ifv
hQ skfmvf spb jxkkf iajfw jv. dkdb ixdKhDsk nclPx ihGk fib jsvsYb
pfsk ixdKhD skfmfslvsj dbsq dlj-Wdlj yst bf pfq hQ dkdb fib jsvsYb
bl-blD W iK, pfsk skfmvf skfmfslv ohA-st siZ]Ysk ifv. zfv dkdb nxd
jsvsYb iK dbBGfqj dyr nmCr hQ Wvf b[sv nfrfspAW isKv dbslGw ifq.

(jc} 16/10-16)

zfdm dbjehkDG zfjfwsj ncswfdHk jsvdY ialDimftf fvf hQ Wslv jsvdY

wqkfsbv iadk dbs[siv ijvB hQ Wslv ubA iak
svsJdY ut zdov
wfd. (jc} 67/5) dkdb iwc nxd jsvsYb, skfmfslv ubA Wsk wDkhsv
ijvB W h ijfv vsqsY hQ kf rsk skfmvf zfrfpG sisq Kfj. skfmfslv
zfsvfrsBv ubA W swfHfhLGsbv ubA dkdb nxd jsvsYb zh, zshkv W olGH
hQ dkdb nxd jsvb mb zsbj djYc pf skfmvf zhok bW. (jc} 16/5,8)
dkdb nCpsG j skuv W ylasj suAfdkmGq jsvsYb hQ Wv dkdK dbdlG
jsvsYb, pfsk skfmvf hYv oBbf W jft dbBGsqv fb tfH jvsk ifv. zffr
kf dbvKGj nxd jsvbdb. (jc} 10/5)
mxk LdvD Wslv ubA jde dblwGb; pfsj zfdm nDdhk jdv hQ pf rsk
{i jdv wnA; pf Wvf H[B jsv. Wsk zfdm nxd jdv sJucv W zfcsvv lAfb
hQ {nfdvk jdv ianha B; pfsk Wvf H[B jvsk ifsv v ItmCt, pf Wslv
rfskv nxd bq. khcW dj Wvf jxkkf iajfw jvsh bf? idh W mrfb dkdb,
dpdb dl, mfbcN hQ Wvf pfslv ufsb bf kfslv iaskAjsj sufVf sufVf jsv
nxd jsvsYb. vfd Wslv ubA j dblwGb, rsk zfdm dlhfstfj zinfdvk
jdv, Ist njst zjfvfY rsq isV. zfv nCpG kfv dbdlG oDv msLA
zfhkGb jsv; ivfmwftD, nhG jkxj
G ncdbdlG. hQ ysv ubA zfdm dhdH
j[ dbdlG jsvdY, zhswsN kf wcjsbf hf]jf sJucv wfJfv zfjfv LfvB jsv. nCpG
yslav bfoft ifq bf, vubD dlhnsj zdkm jsv bf. zfv iaskAsj dbu dbu
j[isK nvB jsv. (jc} 36/33-40)
dkdb skfmfslvsj dhudt slJfb, pf Hq W Hvnf nfv jsv hQ dkdb nxd
jsvsYb Ob smO. hua-dbsOGfN W dIdvfoB nHsq k]fv niawQn mdrmf W idhkf
sOfNBf jsv hQ dkdb huaifk jsvb hQ pfsj Yf kf dlsq rkfrk jsvb.

(jc} 13/12-13)

kfv zfslsw zfjfw W ixdKhDv ddk ----. zfjfw mtD W ixdKhDsk pf djYc
zfsY kf kf]v. njst k]fv zffhr. (jc} 30-25-26) zffr
zfjfwmtD W ixdKhDsj dv jsv svsJsYb, pfsk Wvf fbycAk bf rsq pfq. Wvf
fbycAk rst dkdb hAkDk sj Wocstfsj dv vfJsh? (jc} 35/41) n

kfWrDl

173

zfjfw, ixdKhD hQ Wslv zhk

G DG nm djYc kf]v idhkf W mdrmf sOfNBf jsv
hQ mb djYc sb pf k]fv niawQn idhkf W mdrmf sOfNBf jsv bf. dj Wslv
idhkf W mdrmf sOfNBf skfmvf zbcLfhb jvsk ifv bf. (jc} 17/44)
dkdb skfmfslv zLDb jsv dlsqsYb zfjfwmtD W ixdKhDv nm djYc dbu
zbcosa r, dyfwDt nialfsqv ubA sk vsqsY dblwGb. (jc} 45/13)
kcdm dj slJ bf sp, zffrsj dnulf jsv pf djYc zfsY zfjfwmtDsk W
ixdKhDsk, nCpG, yla, b[mtD, ihGkvfdu, hx[tkf, uDhu hQ dnulf jsv
mfbcsNv msLA zsbsj. (jc} 22/18)
zffrifj dIdvfsj bCv (suAfdk) rsk hQ dubsj (mfbcsNv iCshG) zdo sKsj
nxd jsvsYb. (jc}15/26) dkdb wdbhfsv mfde W vdhhfsv ihGkmftf, snfmhfsv
hx[fdl, mthfsv OxdBk h hQ pfhkDq Jdbu ilfKG, hcLhfsv suAfdk hQ m{n,
hxridkhfsv iwci[D W jDeik nxd jsvb hQ idvswsN wchfsv zfnsvv iv
rpvk zflm -sj mfde rsk rs nxd jsvb. (mc} 2789)
zk}iv k]fv slsr `vr' Ics] j dudbsnv bfm dwdJsq nmoa dIdvf-mtDsj
zfslw jsvb zflmsj dnulf jvsk. njt dIdvfhoG zffrv zfslw mfbA jsv
k]fsj dnulf jvstb. dj htDn (sp dub ufdkv zbAkm hQ dIdvfv
ufmfzfsk wfdmt dYt) zfslw zmfbA jvt hQ noshG dnulfhbk rsk zDjfv
jvt.
zffr kfzftf kfsj htstb, `sr hdtn! dj rt skfv ? zfdm pJb njtsj
zfmfv lc rfvf nxd (zflm)sj dnulf jvsk zfslw jvtfm kJb kc
dnulfjfvDslv zH
cG rdt bf. sj skfsj sk dbhx jvt ? kc dj kA
iajfw jvdt? bf kc ympGflfni ?'
htDn htt, `zfdm zflm rsk swa. zfidb zfmfsj zfocb rsk nxd jsvsYb
hQ Wsj nxd jsvsYb mfde rsk. zfdm dj kfsj dnulf jvh sp mfde rsk nx ?
zfidb icvfkb idvhdkGk wcj EbEsb mxdjf rsk sp mfbcN nxd jsvsYb zfdm
kfsj dnulf jvhfv b.'
zffr htstb, `sbsm pf fb rsk, Jfsb sKsj zrQjfv jvfv zdLjfv
skfv sb. nckvfQ shv rsq pf, kc zLmslv zH
cG , dhkfdvk hQ jmGIt
dlhn ipG skfv iadk zdHwfi vt.'
htDn htt, `sr zfmfv iadkiftj! icbvfb dlhn ipG zfmfsj zhjfw
dlb.'
zffr kfzftf htstb, `zhLfdvk nmq idk rWqfv dlb ipG pfslv
zhjfw slWqf rsqsY kfslv msLA kc zH
cG rdt.'
htDn htt, `zfibfv mfrfskAv wiK! zfibfv dhwcdy J]fde hflf YfVf
zfdm njtsj zhwA jvh.' zfidb sp zfmfv nhGbfw jvstb kfv wiK!
zfdm ixdKhDsk mfbcsNv dbje ifijmG (W lcdbqf)sj swfHb jsv kcth hQ kfslv
njstv nhGbfw nfLb jvh. zfidb zfmfv nhGbfw jvstb kfv iadkswfsL zfdmW
zfibfv nvt isK mfbcsNv ubA W]{ sisk Kfjh. zk}iv zfdm kfslv nmcJ,
iyf{, ld[B W hfm dlj rsk kfslv dbje zfnh hQ zfidb kfslv

kfWrDl

174

zdLjfQwsj jxk ifshb bf. htcb, sjb Wsj zfmfv iv mpGflf lfb jvstb?
djqfmskv dlb ipG pdl zfmfsj zhjfw slb, kfrst zfdm zi jsqjub
hAkDk kfv hQwLvsj nmCst b W jsv YfVh.'
zffr htstb, `shv rsq pf Jfb rsk dbjx W dhkfdVk zhfq. ef zfmfv
dbje si]ZYfbv nvt iK. dhfslv msLA pfvf skfv zbcnvB jvsh kfvf hAkDk
zfmfv hflfslv iv skfv sjfb [mkf Kfjsh bf. zfdm nkA hQ nkA htdY,
skfv fvf hQ skfv zbcnfvDslv fvf zfdm ufrffm zhwA iCBG jvh.
ufrffm skfslv nmAjX wfd. zfv kc skfv zfrhfsb pfsj ifdvnX nkAycAk jv,
skfv zwfsvfrD W ilfdkj-hfdrbD fvf Wslvsj zfmB jv hQ Wslv Lsb W
nfb-ndksk zQwD rsq pf hQ Wslvsj iadkwadk sl. (zfv wqkfsbv
iadkwadk skf Ytbf mf). zfmfv iajk
x hflfslv iv skfv sjfb [mkf sb.'
rpvk zflm (zf}) v ivfd rsk k]fv D rfWqfsj nxd jsv zffrifj
Hqsj zfslw jvstb, `kcdm W skfmfv ndbD uffsk hnhfn jv hQ pKf W
spKf Yf zfrfv jv. dj hxs[v dbjehkDG rsqf bf. bsy{ skfmvf
zkAfyfvDslv zH
cG rsh. sr zflm! (wqkfb) skfmfv hQ skfmfv Dv
w, nckvfQ sn spb djYcsk skfmfslvsj uffk sKsj shv jsv bf slq. dlst
skfmvf lc}J j ifsh. skfmfv ubA de vt sp, kcdm uffsk [cLfkG rsh bf
hQ t rsh bf. zfv snJfsb diifnfkG W svZladjW rsh bf.'
zk}iv wcv rt zflsmv iadk wqkfsbv wkf. kfslv sofib tffb
iajfw jvfv sswA k]fslvsj jcmBf dlt htt, `sr zflm! zfdm dj skfmfsj
zb uDhbial hxs[v jKf W zdhbhv vfsuAv jKf hst slh bf? ifsY skfmvf
Hsq dIdvf rsq pfW djQhf skfmvf dyvfqD rW ubA skfmfslv iadkiftj
hx[ ns skfmfslvsj dbsNL jsvsYb.' wqkfb Hsqv dbje jnm jsv
htt, `zfdm skfmfslv drkfjf[Dslv jub.'
Hfsh sn kf]slvsj iahdk jvt. k]fslv ilJtb Odesq snJfb rsk
kfslvsj shv jvsk jxkfKG rt. nckvfQ pJb k]fvf sn hx[ (Ist)v zffl oarB
jvstb kJb k]fslv tffb iajfw rsq iVt hQ k]fvf uffskv i fvf
dbsuslvsj zfhxk jvsk tfostb. kJb zffr kfzftf k]fslvsj nsfLb jsv
htstb, `zfdm dj skfmfslvsj hx[ ns dbsNLff jdvdb? wqkfb sp
skfmfslv iajfwA w zfdm dj kf skfmfslvsj hdtdb ?'
zk}iv zflm
zffrv dbje rsk djYc hfBDiaf rstb. k]fvf htstb,
`sr zfmfslv iadkiftj! zfmvf dbsuslv iadk zkAfyfv jsvdY, pdl zfidb
zfmfslv [mf bf jsvb, kfrst zhwA zfmvf [dkoas lv zH
cG rh.' (57)
zffrifj k]fv iadk [mfwDt rstb W k]fsj srlfqfk jvstb. htstb,
`skfmvf njst Jfb rsk sbsm pfW. skfmvf sj zisvv w hQ ixdKhDsk
skfmfslv hnhfn W uDdhjf vt. snJfsb skfmvf uDhb-pfib jvsh, snJfsb
(57) rt jcvzfb hdBGk zflsmv lczf. htf hftA, nmsq mcrfmfl
lczf jvfv jKf dHdrDb.)

-v znDtf Lsv

kfWrDl

175

skfmfslv mxkAc rsh hQ snJfb rsk skfmfslvsj shv jsv zfbf rsh. snJfsb
pJb zfmfv i[ rsk skfmfslv dbje n{isKv sjfb dbslGw zfnsh, kJb pfvf
zfmfv sn dbslGw zbcnvB jvsh kfslv sjfb Hq sb hQ kfvf lc}dJk rsh bf,
dhilofmD hQ lclwG foa rsh bf. dj pfvf zfmfv dblwGbnmCrsj zDjfv jvsh
W dmKAf ufbsh kfvf rsh slfpJhfnD hQ kfvf snJfsb dyvjft Kfjsh.' (jc}

2/30-39, 7/11-25,17/61-65, 20/115-126, 38-67-68)

klv sn zfdl mfbcNpcot sKsj um rq k mfbcsNv. bsvv smvl W bfvDv

h[fdv mLA rsk dboGk hQ nshso Jdtk kcY kvt ilfsKGv dbpGfn (ifdb)
sKsj dhwft mfbh ufdkv dhdH hQw W sof {i rq. (jc} 25/54,

32/8, 86/6-7)

wcdhlc mfkxosHGv dbvfil zfLfsv 40 dlb sKsj umfe vs idvBk rq.

zk}iv kf 40 dlsb dis vifdvk rq. zhfq 40 dlb zdkhfdrk rst
kfv iadk j dIdvf ifdEsq kfv jmGfjmG, vdu, snZHfoA hf lcHfG oA dtJf rq.
zk}iv kfsk `vr' Icj
] f (zfkAf lfb jvf) rq. zk}iv kf zdisv idvBk
rq. zk}iv kf mfQn fvf Tfjf rq. zhswsN Wsj zfsvf j vi lfb jvf rq.
ncdbicB naf zffr jk mrfb. (23/14, hc} 3208)
zffrv iajdx k, sp iajdx k zbcpfqD mfbshv um rq. (jc} 30/30) zfv
iajdx kv iv mrfb iadkiftj zflm nfsbv ixslw rsk kfslv nfb-ndk
hfdrv jsvb hQ kfslv dbsuslv ns Djfsvfd oarB jsvb zfv hstb,
`zfdm dj skfmfslv iadkiftj b?' kfvf hst, `dbyq, zfmvf nf[D vtfm.'
(jc} 7/172) Hfsh iaskAj bhufk dwwc ntfsmv iajdx kv iv um oarB
jsv. (hc} 1358, mc} 2658)
htf hftA sp, mcndtm dKWvDv dhhfnD. dhNsq zbA sjfb dKWvD kfv
dbje rfnAjv W zdhhfnA.
K

nnmmffdd