Prem Rog

siamsvfo } iadkiflb W iadkdhLfb
zfct rfmDl zft-IfpD zft-mflfbD
mcJh
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siam-Hfstfhfnfv hAfifvef djswfv-djswfvD W kvB-kvBDv jfsY hV

zfjNGBDq. kvB nmfsu siamsvfo nQfmj mrfmfvDv zfjfv LfvB jsvsY.
iafq iadk Osv sj bf sj svfso zff svfoD zfsY zfsY. f mf
wfzffr. oxrfb W dw[fb siam sKsj mc bq. rfuD-ifuD, zfstmpfstm, dwd[k-mCJG, ilGfbwDb-shilGf iafq njt idvshswv sj bf sj
siam-Hfstfhfnfv sbfQvfdmsk udVk rsq iVsY!
siam-Hfstfhfnfv idvshw nHA nmfusjW mbHfsh oafn jvsk ystsY sp,
kf jdhv jdhkf mvB jdvsq slq,
ìdysm UV sp zfsn icsh zjfv
mrfjfstv hfusY iatq-sHvD,
hncvfv j]fib hV HfsY skfvB-fv
kcIfb zfnfv bfsjf shwD slvD.
Lcstfq bqb z]fLfv rt, zfjfw Ffsj v
mfKf so]fufv bfsjf sjfKfW E]f,
jft-bfsodv wskj IBfq h[-lcvlcv
ifdtsq pfWqfv iK skf ufbf bf.'
zfu Osv-Osv divDskv hfubf, rfsk-rfsk siasmv h]fdw, msb-msb iaBsqv
shlbf. iayfv-mfLAm Jcst hnst zShL siam-svfmfsnv jfdrbD W zdHbq.
spb zfhft-hx-hdBkfv dbkAjfv wafhA W lxwA rsq sEsY. siam jvf spb
zfLcdbj IAfwsb idvBk rsqsY. h jfsu spmb ifyfskAv softfmD zfuW
huGb jvsk ifdvdb, skmdb kvB-kvBDslv zShL siasmv fLDbkfv
zbcnfb jef iamfB sp, kfvf msb jsv, kfslv softfmDsk zfsY zfmfslv
nmCr jtAfB.
zfmfv iaqfn, nfmfduj nQfv nfLb jvf. iaodkv bfsm lchGfv lcoGdkv iK
zhsvfL jvf. kcIfsbv nfmsb jde Yfkf vi [c iaqfsn vsqsY zfmfv
zfdvj zfwf, zfmfv kvB-nmfu W idh srfj. sbfQvfdmv uft
sKsj mc W idvY srfj.
hfh jKf sp, `siasm bf iVst sj siasmv jdhkf dtJsk ifsv bf.'
zfmfv hAfifsv ifEsjv msb iaw ]dj dlsk ifsv. kf zfdm wfqJ nf'lDv
mskf hst vfdJ, `mftD zfdm, dj zfmfv hfofb sb. siadmj zfdm, dj
dbdlG sjfb siadmjf sb.'
zfdm zfmfv `pch-nmnAf, zflwG vmBD W uDhb-liGB' hsq dhNsq djYc
djYc zfstfybf jsvdY. Yf dYt, dbsq dhfdvk djYc dtJh. zfu zfmfv
sn Yf iCvB rt.
zfmfv irfv rt sn rlqhfb djswfv-djswfvD, kvB-kvBD W pchjpchkDslv ubA, pfslv rlsq zfsY siasmv kcIfb. zfv zbA dlsj zfsY
zniCBG mfb. pfslv rlsqv jtdn Hfstfhfnfq jfbfq-jfbfq Hvdk. pfvf
Hfstfhfnsk ufsb, Hfstfhfnf dbsk ufsb. dj kfvf snefsj dbqdk W
idh vfJsk yfq. spsrkc kfvf Hq jsv ivjfstv zfpfhsj.
$&% '() *+',( (.' 0 . '1 $'&. 3
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dbyq sk sn hAdv ubA dblwGb vsqsY, sp hAd ivjfstv wfdsj
Hq jsv. Wef mb jef dlb rsh, spdlb nm mfbcNsj nmshk jvf rsh
hQ Wef rsh njstv iddkv dlb. (rCl } 103)
zffr zfmfslvsj v[f jvb sndlbjfv jdEb zfpfh rsk, spdlb mfbcN
itfqb jvsh zfib fkf rsk hQ kfv mfkf W kfv dikf rsk, kfv ikD
W kfv nfb rsk. (hfnf } 34-36)
spdlb zivfLD wfdv hlst dlsk yfsh dbu nfb-ndksj. kfv D W
Hfsj. kfv fdk-sofDsj, pfvf kfsj zfwaq dlk hQ ixdKhDv njtsj,
pfsk mcdiB kfsj (wfd rsk) mcd slq. (mfzf'dvu } 11-14)
dhbDk----
zfct rfmDl zft-IfpD zft-mflfbD

zft-mfumfzfr, nlD zfvh
15/8/37, 22/5/16
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Hfstfhfnfv bfbf iajfv 1
j } zffrv ubA Hfstfhfnf 4
lc } fKGiv Hfstfhfnf 8
dkb } iajdx kok Hfstfhfnf 10
yfv } zffrv nfsK zbAsj Hfstfhfnf 11
i]fy } zffrv ziYlbDq djYcsj Hfstfhfnf 12
zShL Hfstfhfnf nxd rWqfv jfvBnmCr 14
1. Dblfdvsk lcht
G kf 14
2. nclv tfof 16
3. mc rWqf 17
4. ijfv tfH 19
5. zShL lxdifk 20
6. rfdnv dUdtj 22
7. dmd jKf 23
8. isTZjb dhdbmq 24
9. iawQnf 25
10. nftfm 26
11. Hfstfhfnfv ofb W jdhkf 27
12. iayfv mfLAm 28
13. siam hLjfvD wvqD dhLfb 31
14. siasm siavBflfqj jKfvfdu 33
15. lfWqfk W drlfqfk lfb 37
16. dhji hAhf oarB 38
17. dydhsbflb 41
18. zfbcjvB 42
19. sYstsmsqv iadk zdk dhwfn 44
20. iYl j'sv dhsq 46
21. hfolfb hf bsousme 48
22. dhhfsr sldv 48
23. zhnv W jmGrDbkf 49
24. jfdjk W dbuGbkf 50
25. fKGivkf 51
26. ilGfrDbkf 52
27. zhfL smtfdmwf 54
28. zn{ nQnoG 55
29. ispfo 56

30. zwDt Ydh lwGb 57
siam W jibf-uo{ 59
siam dhNsq zdHslv jdkiq d 64
siam nIt jvfv bfbf zShL idk 66
siasmv idvBdk
zShL siasmv DbD [dknmCr 75
j } Hfstfhfnfv dwjG 76
lc } mfb rfdvsq pfq 78
dkb } nafv dpjXv sYsV nxdv dpjXv jvf rq 79
yfv } dhufdkv zbcjvB 82
i]fy } zwDtkfv ifsi uVfsbf 82
Yq } dikfmfkfv zhfLAfyvB 83
zShL siasmv mfbdnj [dknmCr 84
1. siam mfbcNsj z-hdLv jsv 84
2. siam mfbcNsj dbtG jsv 86
3. siam mfbcNsj ifot hfdbsq YfsV 87
4. siam stJfiVfq znIt jsv 91
5. zsybfv iakD[f 91
6. msbv wfd W dv db}swN 92
7. zfkdhwfn dhtDb 94
zShL siasmv nfmfduj [dknmCr 94
1. zdhhfdrk Kfjf 94
2. hAdHyfv 96
3. BrkAf 100
4. nmjfm 101
5. rSmKcb 103
6. iakfvBfv dwjfv 104
7. siasmv znItkf 107
8. siam W zwfdv nQnfv 112
9. lfiskA dhwfnOfkjkf 114
10. kftfj 115
11. wkfv nxd 117
12. rkAf 118
13. zfkrkAf 119
14. zbAfq W zkAfyfv 125
15. zfkDqkfv hb dY 126
16. jsv uDhb hvB 127
zShL siasmv nmfbok [dknmCr 129
jctmfb Hfnmfb 129
zShL siasmv fAok [dknmCr 131

zShL siasmv zfdKGj [dknmCr 134
mDvfn sKsj hbf 135
siamsvfsov dydj{nf 136
1. zffrsj Hq jv 136
2. mrfb zffrv Hfstfhfnfsj iafLfbA lfW 145
3. zffrv dpjXsvv mudtsn WEf-hnf jv 146
4. y[c nQpk jv 147
5. LpGLfvB jv 148
6. nhGswa durfl jv 149
7. zfvswv Yfqf tfsHv zfwf vfsJf 151
8. kWhf jv 153
9. lczf jv 155
10. dbqdmk bfmfp iV 157
11. dhhfr j'sv bfW 157
12. bIt svfpf vfJ 161
13. ivjft dyf jv 162
14. ijfvD jfsu hA Kfjfv syf jv 162
15. siasmv mfbcNde sKsj lCsv Kfsjf 163
16. Hfstfhfnf dIsv zfsn hf hxd ifq mb jmG sKsj lCsv Kfsjf 164
17. sp skfmfv msbv zfnb lJt jsvsY, kfv ml dljef sJqft jv 166
18. Hfstfhfnfv mfbcNdev rfdvsq pfWqfv jKf sJqft jv 170
19. zfcv It ej msb jv 171
20. dbuGbkf kAfo jv 172
21. ifi W kfv wfdsj Hq jv 173
22. idvBfm dbsq dyf-Hfhbf jv 177
23. hmcJD [dkv jKf dyf jvf 179
24. siam-ifotslv lcvhf slsJ dw[f bfW 180
26. dbu dhhfdrk ucdV dbsq n Kfsjf 182
27. hfdrAj zhfq sL]fjf sJsqf bf 182
28. siasmv hAfifsv Hct LfvBf lCv jv 183
29. zfknmfbshfL ufodvk jv 184
30. msb vfsJf, rfwv rsh diasqv nfsK 185
31. tf jv tf 186
idh siam 190
Hfstfhfnfv bfbf iajfv

ixdKhDv iaskAj iafBDv mfsU lqf-mfqf-mmkf zfsY. mrfb nxdjkGf
vrmfsbv `vrm' snef. mrfbhD hstsYb,
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zffr vrmksj jw Hfo jsvsYb. kfv msLA dbvfb Hfo dkdb
dbsuv jfsY svsJ dlsqsYb. zfv ixdKhDsk jHfo zhkDBG jsvsYb. j
Hfsov jfvsB nxuo{ sj zsbAv iv lqf jsv. mbdj u kfv hfyfv
iv sKsj if kcst sbq Hsq sp, sn hAKf ifsh.
zbA j hBGbfq zfsY, dbyq zffrv jwde vrmk zfsY, pfv mLA
rsk jde mf vrmk dkdb mfbh-lfbh, i W jDeiksv msLA zhkDBG
jsvsYb. j Hfsov jfvsB (nxuDh) sj zivsj mfqf jsv, kfv
jfvsB sj zbAsj lqf jsv hQ kfv jfvsB drQna uvf kfslv nfbsj
mfqf j'sv Kfsj. hfjD dbvfbde zffr ivjfstv ubA svsJ dlsqsYb, pfv
fvf dkdb djqfmskv dlb zfib hflfslv iv vrm jvshb.
mcndtsmv j hBGbfq zfsY, dbyq zffr kfzftfv jwde vrmk zfsY,
pfv mLA rsk mf jdev jfvsB nxduo{ sj zsbAv iadk lqf ialwGb jsv.
zfv dbvfbde (vrmk) djqfmskv dlsbv ubA vsqsY.
zbA j hBGbfq zfsY, zffr kfzftf zfnmfb pmDb nxd jvfv dlb
jwde vrmk nxd jvstb. iadkde vrmk zfnmfb W pmDsbv mLAt
idviCBG (dhwft). zk}iv dkdb kfv mLA rsk jde vrmk ixdKhDsk
zhkDBG jvstb. jdev jfvsB mf kfv nfbsj mfqf jsv hQ drQna
iafBD W ifJDvf sj zsbAv iv lqf j'sv Kfsj. zk}iv pJb djqfmskv
dlb rsh, kJb zffr vrmk fvf nQJAf iCBG jvshb. (hcJfvD 6000,
mcndtm 7148-7151bQ)
mrfb nafv vrmskv Yfqf nfvf dhsw YdVsq vsqsY. iafBDv mfsU siam-iaDdk,
mfqf-mmkf, snr-waf, Hd-Hfstfhfnf, nh djYc sn vrmskv dblwGb.
mfbcsNv mfsU Hfstfhfnfv bfbf Lvb zfsY, bfbf idk zfsY. zfmvf Jfsb
sn Lvb W iajvB dbsq djYc zfstfybf jvh.
hbct jfsqm (vfdrmffr) hstsYb, Hfstfhfnfv djYc zfsY ijfvD

hQ djYc zijfvD.
ijfvD Hfstfhfnf 3 iajfv }j } zffrsj Hfstfhfnf
lc } zffrv Wqfs zbA djYcsj Hfstfhfnf (zffr pf Hfstfhfsnb, kf
Hfstfhfnf)
dkb } mb djYcsj Hfstfhfnf, pf zffrv zfbcokA jvfv hQ kfv
zhfLAfyvB sKsj lCsv Kfjfv ubA nrfqj.
zfv zijfvD HfstfhfnfW 3 iajfv }j } zffrv nfsK zbA djYcsj Hfstfhfnf
lc } zffrv ziYlbDq djYcsj Hfstfhfnf
dkb } mb djYcsj Hfstfhfnf, pf zffrv Hfstfhfnf sKsj lCsv ndvsq slq
zKhf k]fv Hfstfhfnf rafn j'sv slq.
6 iajfv Hfstfhfnf nfvf nxdv mfsU vsqsY.
v msLA zffrsj Hfstfhfnf rt zfnt Hfstfhfnf. Hfstfhfnf rt
mfb W kWrDslv mCt. zfv zbA lc iajfv Hfstfhfnf kfv zbcofmD.
i[fsv zffrv nfsK zbAsj Hfstfhfnf rt dwsjGv mCt. Hfstfhfnf
dblbDq. zfv zbA lc iajfv Hfstfhfnf kfv zbcofmD. (ofNfkct tfrIfb
512-513ix})
htf hftA, zffrv Hfstfhfnf sp hflfv mfsU Kfjsh hQ sp sn njt

hAd, h W jmGsj Hfstfhfnsh, sp njtsj zffr Hfstfhfsnb hf iYl
jsvb, sn hflf dbyq zffrv Hfstfhfnfv if hQ iajk
x mfsbv
zdLjfvD rsh. Lc kf bq, sp zffrsj Hfstfhfnsh, sn k]fv nfsK zbA
jfsj Hfstfhfnsh bf. k]fv Hfstfhfnfv isv zbA jfsvf Hfstfhfnfsj
iafLfbA W zoafdLjfv slsh bf hQ uDhb Kfjsk k]fv Hfstfhfnfsj iakAfJAfb
W huGb jvsh bf.
mrfbhD hstsYb,
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( Aj * ( * Z
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pfv msLA dkbde h ifWqf pfsh, sn dkb hv mfLAsm mfsbv dmkf
zbcHh jvsh. (1) zffr W k]fv vfnct kfv dbje nhGfdLj diaqkm rsh,
(2) sjfb hAdsj sn jmf zffrv ubA Hft hfnsh hQ (3) sn

(mcntmfb rWqfv iv) icbvfq jcIvX Dsk dIsv spsk mb ziYl jvsh,
spmb sn zfsb dbd[ rWqfsj ziYl jsv. (hcJfvD 16, mcndtm 174bQ )
mfbcN iajdx kokHfsh zsbj djYcsj Hfstfhfsn. dbsuv uDhb, dikfmfkfD-nfb, Lb-nil, JflA, hfnfb kAfdlsj iajdx kokHfsh Hfstfhfnf rq.
dj Jdkqfv jfst iafLfbA ifq mrfb iadkiftsjv Hfstfhfnf.
k]fv Hfstfhfnfv zbcofmD rt k]fv Hfstfhfnfsj Hfstfhfnf. k]fv vnCtsj
Hfstfhfnf, spsrkc dkdb k]fv Hfstfhfnf.
sp zffrsj Hfstfhfnsh, sn zhwA k]fv hfBDsj Hfstfhfnsh, jcvzfb W
ncfrsj Hfstfhfnsh.
Hfstfhfnfv jde Lvb rt, Hfstfhfnfv ifsj mvB jvf. nckvfQ sp
zffrsj Hfstfhfsn, sn zhwA k]fv dpjXv (mvB) jvfsj Hfstfhfsn. zfv
k]fv dhswN dpjXv rt nftfk hf bfmfp.
ntfmD uDhb hAhf k]fv lfb. ntfm k]fv msbfbDk Db. dkdb
Hfstfhfsnb, mfbcN ntfsmv zbcnvB jvj. nckvfQ Hfstfhfnfv nkAkfv
ivD[fq mfbcNsj DBG rWqf Hfstfhfnfv lfhD.
sp zffrsj Hfstfhfsn sn tXmsj Hfstfhfsn. spsrkc tXm k]fv
Hfstfhfnfv idvyq slq, Hfstfhfnfv nfb slq.
zffrv Hfstfhfnf tfsHv ubA k]fv hflk W zfbcokA jvsk rq, k]fv
iYl zbcpfqD dbu ydv oEb jvsk rq. jfvB rt k]fv Hfstfhfnfv
idvyq.
vfnCtc fr hstsYb,
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zfkfnmCr nmshk SnbAlstv mk. nckvfQ zfsifsn sp zfkflt
idvdyk W zdH iajdx kv rq, sn zfkflstv mfsU dmtb W hck fdik
rsq Kfsj hQ sp zfkflt zfsifsn zidvdyk W dH iajdx kv rq, sn
zfkflstv mfsU dhdYkf W zSbjA iaje rsq WsE. (hcJfvD 3336bQ)
nckvfQ fHfdhjHfsh mfbcN kfsj Hfstfhfnsh, pfsj zffr Hfstfhfsnb.
sp pf Hfstfhfsn, sn kfv jKf sb zfbdlk rq, kfv w W ivsw
ictdjk rq.
sp zffrsj Hfstfhfsn, sn zffrv dpjXv sb zfbdlk rq. jcvzfb
sb kfv mb ictdjk rq. tXsmv mqlfsb dhyvB j'sv sn {Ic rq.
sp mCdkG Hfstfhfsn, sn mCdkG dbsq zfbdlk W ictdjk rq.
10
sp w Hfstfhfsn, sn w dbsq zfbdlk W ictdjk rq.

sp bfvD Hfstfhfsn, sn bfvD slsJ W kfv jKf sb zfbdlk W ictdjk
rq.
v zbAKf rq bf. zKGf{, sp jcvzfb Hfstfhfsn, sn ofb-hfubf sb
zfbdlk W ictdjk rq bf. zfv sp ofb-hfubf Hfstfhfsn, sn jcvzfb sb
zfbdlk W ictdjk rq bf.
kfYfVf sp pfsj Hfstfhfsn, sn kfsj OxBf jsv, pfsj kfv Hfstfhfnfv if
OxBf jsv. zffr-Wqftfsj slsJ kfvf OxBf jsv, pfvf zffrsj Hfstfhfsn
bf. zfv zffrv dhsvfLDslvsj kfvf Hfstfhfsn, pfvf zffrsj OxBf jsv.
nckvfQ zffrv ifbfr.
Hfstfhfnf pJb rlsqv zfmt. Hfstfhfnfsk mfbcsNv nfItA W [dk
dbdrk vsqsY. kJb v bfbf iajvB ns dhfdvk zfstfybfv iasqfub.
mcndtm kvB-kvBD! snf zfmvf jhfv Hfstfhfnfv bfbf iajfsvv iv
buv hcdtsq db.
j } zffrsj W zffrv Wqfs Hfstfhfnf
rt Hfstfhfnfv nshGfy ipGfq. zfv Hfstfhfnf jmf ndEj Dblfvvf
j'sv Kfsj W sisq Kfsj. mrfb zffr Hfstfhfnfv hAfifsv mc'dmbslv
iawQnf j'sv hstsYb,
'zZ
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sjfb sjfb stfj zfsY, pfvf zffr YfVf zbAfbAsj (zffrv) nmj[
hst msb jsv hQ kfslvsj zffrsj Hfstfhfnfv mk Hfthfsn, dj pfvf
dhhfn jsvsY, kfvf zffrv Hfthfnfq lxPkv. (hfjfvfr } 165)
Hfstfhfnfv bfbf ncIt zfsY. spmb }1. Hfstfhfnf mfbcsNv idviCBG mfsbv iamfB W idvyq.
mrfbhD hstsYb,
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( * %:"(
sp hAd zffrv Wqfs (jfsj) Hfstfhfsn, zffrv Wqfs (jfsj)
OxBfhfsn, zffrv Wqfs (djYc) ialfb jsv hQ zffrv Wqfs (djYc ialfb
jvf rsk) dhvk Kfsj, sn hAd iCBGf mfb tfH jsvsY. (zfhc lfl
4683bQ)
2. Hfstfhfnf pfslv zfsY, kfvf mfsbv dm fl sisq Kfsj. mrfbhD
11
hstsYb,
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pfv msLA dkbde B Kfsj, sn mfsbv dmkf tfH j'sv Kfsj. zffr W
kf]v vnCt kfv jfsY zbA nh djYc sKsj zdLj diaq rsh; jfsj Hfstfhfnst
sjht zffr'v ubA Hfthfnsh. zfv jcIvX D sKsj kfsj zffrv h]fyfsbfv
iv icbvfq kfsk dIsv pfWqfsj mb ziYl jvsh, spmb sn dbsusj
zfsb dbd[ jvfsj ziYl jsv. (hcJfvD 16, mcndtm 174bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstsYb,
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( (O0 ( , 1 , 1 AB . n, ). * (N4% ( 0k, . ?* A i
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sp hAd mfsbv fl sisk iYl jsv, sn hAd sjht ncmrfb zffrv
sswA zivsj Hfthfncj. (zfrmfl , rfsjm 3, 7312, nrDt ufsm' 5958 bQ)
3. Hfstfhfnf rt mfsbv nhsysq shdw muhck hb. ef rt
mfsbv wdwftD rfkt. mrfbhD hstsYb,
.}~% .' (, '1 '> ,? nk. (, 1 > ,? [ ( (. (, 1 > ,? [ m&(. A i
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mfsbv nhyfsk muhck rfkt rt, zffrv Wqfs hck fib jvf,
zffrv Wqfs wkf fib jvf, zffrv Wqfs Hfstfhfnf vfJf hQ
zffrv Wqfs OxBf sifNB jvf. (kfhfvfbD 11372, dntdntfr nrDrfr 998,
1728bQ)
4. zffrsj sp Hfstfhfnsh, zffr kfsj Hfstfhfnshb. zffrv Wqfs

sp jfsj Hfstfhfnsh, zffr kfsjW Hfstfhfnshb. mrfbhD hstsYb,
'0 * ?* 'o* "( , _, P
( L( % "( * ( * ( U( ( ( L% W*? (45
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% >x 4( % * m : ( * , * ( D( !n4. U( =( % , %:",
.(( , ?, . _(% (Z
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j hAd zbA sjfb oafsm kfv Hfsqv nfsK nf[f{ jvfv ubA shv rt.
zffr kfzftf kfv vffq j dIdvfsj hdnsq dlstb, dkdb kfv zsi[f
12
jvsk Kfjstb. pJb sn kf]v jfsY si]ZYt, kJb dkdb kfsj htstb, `kcdm
sjfKfq pfY?' sn htt, ` stfjftsq zfmfv j Hf zfsY, zfdm kfv jfsY
pfdY.' dIdvf dusn jvstb, `skfmfv iadk dj kfv sjfb zbcora vsqsY, pfv
dhdbmq slWqfv ubA kcdm pfY?' sn htt, `bf, zfdm kfv dbje sjhtmf
ubA pfdY sp, zfdm kfsj zffrv Wqfs Hfthfdn.' dIdvf htstb,
`(kfrst swfsbf) zfdm skfmfv dbje zffrv lCk drnfsh ( jKf ufbfhfv
ubA) sndY sp, zffr kfzftf skfmfsj Hfthfsnb; spmb kcdm kfsj zffrv
ubA Hfthfn. (mcndtm 6714bQ)
zfhC laDn JfWtfbD (v}) hstb, zfdm dlmfwXsjv mndusl iashw j'sv j
pchjsj slJsk sitfm, k]fv nfmsbv lf]kdt Jch yjysj hQ k]fv ns
djYc stfjW (hsn) vsqsY. pJb kfvf sjfb dhNsq mksHl jvsY, kJb
(dnfsv ubA) k]fv dlsj vuc jvsY hQ k]fv mk oarB jvsY. nckvfQ
zfdm k]fv nisjG dufnf jvtfm (sp, db sj)? (zfmfsj) htf rt sp,
`db mczfp dhb ufhft.' zk}iv zfofmD jft zfdm zfsoHfso mndusl
sotfm. dj slJtfm sn (pchjde) zfmfv zfso si]ZsY sosYb hQ k]fsj
bfmfpvk zhfq sitfm. nckvfQ k]fv bfmfp swN rWqf ipG zfdm zsi[f
jvtfm. zk}iv zfdm kf]v nfmsb sn kf]sj nftfm dltfm. kfviv httfm,
`zffrv jnm! zfdm zfibfsj zffrv Wqfs Hfthfdn.' dkdb htstb,
`zffrv jnm?' zfdm httfm, `zffrv jnm.' icbvfq dkdb htstb,
`zffrv jnm?' zfdm httfm, `zffrv jnm.' zk}iv dkdb zfmfv
yflsvv zf]yt Lsv zfmfsj k]fv dlsj efbstb, kfviv htstb, `ncnQhfl
bfW.' jfvB, zfdm vfnCtc fr -sj htsk sbdY,
0>?, (:)ALA (O_([ ( 0>?, ( , 3
( _([ ( 0>?, ( !x ( _(. , 0( "( %(P
( (: * ( U( )) * (
.(( 0>?, ( ,,[(_( (

`zffr kfzftf hstsYb, zfmfv nd tfsHv ubA pfvf ivisvv msLA
mrk vfsJ, sj zisvv ns hsn, sj zisvv nfsK nf[f{ jsv hQ
sj zisvv ubA Jvy jsv, kfslv ubA zfmfv mrk W Hfthfnf Wqfsuh
rsq pfq. (zfrmfl 22030, mczf 1779, kfhfvfbD, rfsjm, nrDt ufsm' 4331 bQ)
5. Hfstfhfnf pfslv msLA Kfsj, kfvf djqfmskv YfqfrDb dlsb mrfb
zffrv zfvswv Yfqf ifsh. mrfbhD hstsYb,
'( ( _(P
% , S ']! ( U( A' *.PL( (cD ") : . , 1mB 0\, *m (&% )( , ; , S [ c. D. , ). t=( % M( ))
13
.((, * ( * 40 p* U( , * (
zffr kfzftf nfk hAdsj sn dlsb k]fv (zfvswv) Yfqf lfb jvshb
spdlb k]fv Yfqf hAkDk zfv sjfb Yfqf Kfjsh bf; (kfslv msLA rt,) sn
lc hAd pfvf zffrv ndtfsHv sswA hck W Hfthfnf fib jsv;
pfvf Hfthfnfv iv dmdtk rq hQ Hfthfnfv isv dyvdhdY
(kfslv mxkAc ) rq. (hcJfvD 660bQ, mcndtm 1031bQ)
(&% )( >; , >,? %cD. , [ (&% ( > ,* 3
( !, (&n! ( _([( :)% : ,="( ( q, &( % )( .[&q)( * ( U( ] B ))
.(( >; , 1mB 0\, *m
zffr kfzftf djqfmskv dlb htshb, `zfmfv mdrmf W swaskv ubA
ivivsj pfvf HftshsndYt kfvf sjfKfq? zfusjv dlb zfdm kfslvsj
zfmfv Yfqfq zfwaq slh, spdlb zfmfv (zfvswv) Yfqf YfVf zbA sjfb Yfqf
sb. (mcndtm 6713bQ)
6. Hfstfhfnf fibjfdvoBsj mrfb zffr nmfb lfb jsvb.
kfslvsj lcdbqfsk mfb, tXm, sbj zfmt W bfbf sbqfmk dlsq nmfdbk
jsvb. zfv zfsJvfsk uffk dlsq mpGflf lfb jsvb.
mrfbhD hstsYb,
.(( . "( 4( h* 1mB ( $ ( 0kZ
( * "( ))
pJb sjfb hflf sjfb hflfsj zffrv Wqfs Hfstfhfnsh, kJb
zffr kfsj nmfblfb jvshb. (hsb zfdhcbqAf, dn} nrDrfr 1256bQ)
7. Hfstfhfnf fibjfvDvf djqfmsk dhswN nmfb tfH jvsh.
mrfbhD hstsYb,
('&n, 0 .cD. [, ~% )( L &. %:", 4. !, ("( %cD. * >, P
( S (&n! ( _([ : 0\P
( (O0 ( [ )) * (
. (( .N (D( En (
zffr zfpXpf zuf hstb, `zfmfv mpGflfv Wqfs pfvf zfsifsn
Hfthfnf fib jvsh, kfslv (hnfv) ubA rsh bCsvv smv; pf slsJ bhD W
wrDloB NGf jvshb. (dkvdmpD 2390, zfrmfl 22080bQ)
8. njstv Hfstfhfnf djqfmsk wkfq idvBk rsh. dj zffrWqftfslv Hfstfhfnf kf rsh bf.
mrfb zffr hstsYb,
945O L&M () {( q, _0. 1 AB . ( }% (, %cD.
. % !( X8Y, "( &% )( N 1 5
, *W }
14
hcvf sndlb sj zisvv w rsq iVsh, ksh zffrHDvvf bq.
(pcJvI } 67)
9. zffrv Wqfs sj jfsj Hfstfhfnst sn mpGflfq zsbj hV rstW

djqfmsk W uffsk kfv nfKD rsh.
hsb mfnl hstb, j hAd vnctc fr -v dbjse sn dufnf
jvt, sr zffrv bhD! sn hAd nisjG zfibfv zdHmk jD, sp hAd
sjfb j nialfqsj Hfthfsn zKy sn kfslv mk zfmt jvsk ifsv bf?
sv bhD htstb, sp pfsj Hfthfsn sn kfv nD rsh. (hcJfvD 61696170, mcndtm 6888bQ) zKGf{, uffsk sn kfv nD rsh. (mlfkct jfvD
22/197)
dkdb zfsvf hstsYb,

((cD. ( "( 4( E, Z
. 1mAB "&* $\P
. L( nk, ). *m))
sp hAd sp ufdksj Hfstfhfnsh, kfslv nfsK kfv rfwv rsh.
(kfhfvfbDv zfWnfk 6450, n} kfvoDh 3037bQ)
zfbfn hsb mfstj hstb, j hAd vfnCtc fr -sj dusn jvt,

`sr zffrv vnCt! djqfmk jsh Oesh?' dkdb kfsj dusn jvstb, kcdm
v ubA jD iad k dbsqY? sn htt, `zffr W k]fv vnCstv Hfthfnf.'
dkdb htstb, kcdm pfsj Hfthfn, kfv nfKD rsh. (hcJfvD 3688, mcndtm
6878bQ, wdt mcndtsmv)
zfbfn
hstb, `zfdm bhD , zfhC hfjXv, mfvsj Hfstfhfdn. zfwf
jdv, k]fslvsj Hfstfhfnfv jfvsB zfdm k]fslv nD rh; pdlW zfdm k]fslv
mskf zfmt jvsk ifdvdb.' (hcJfvD 3688bQ)
zLm stJj zwa dhnuGsbv nfsK sn jfmbf jsv.
lc } iajxdkok Hfstfhfnf
spmb dikfmfkf, D-nfb, zfibub W slwsj Hfstfhfnf.
jlf zfmXv dhb zfn mrfbhD -sj dufnf jvstb, `stfsjslv msLA
zfibfv nhsysq diaqkm sj?'
sv dkdb htstb, zfsqwf.
---icvNslv msLA sj?
dkdb htstb, kfv zff.
---kfviv sj?
dkdb htstb, mfv dhb Jffh.
zk}iv zfsvf djYc stfsjv bfm dbstb. (hcJfvD 4358, mcndtm 6328bQ)
15
mrfbhD mfv sswA hstdYstb,

.((,4( % * .% o* M( "( ,+% ", >, &.P4( 5
% * ,+"( &% * 0 *m%&* (0>* AB ,+0Z
( * (,+(( * "( ))
kcdm jk bf nclv wrv! kcdm zfmfv dbje jk bf diaq! zfmfv jWm
pdl skfmfv mLA sKsj zfmfsj hfdrv bf jsv dlk, kfrst skfmfv mLA YfVf
zfdm zbA sjfKfW hfn jvkfm bf. (dkvdmpD 3926, kfhfvfbD 10477, hsb
drfb 3709, dmwjfk 2724bQ)
zhwA swaBDv Hfstfhfnf iaKm swaBDv Hfstfhfnfv zHG

c rsk ifsv,
pdl njt Hfstfhfnfv dudbnsj zffrv Wqfs Hfstfhfnf pfq.
zhwA nshv Hfstfhfnf zffrv Hfstfhfnfv iv iafLfbA ifsh bf.
kfrst mfsbv dmkf swN rsq pfsh, hvQ kfsk sj shmfbW rsq spsk
ifsv. spsrkc mrfb zffr hstsYb,
t L( 3
( U, (K( &. _.? 4( _( $"&(% * (%c[oU.
( E, ( (%c[oP
. (% * (%c[o.&(5
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, , , '(M >',? X(' DP
, (, ,&'.ML( (, 'w ( :'x" c[o% '* AB 0k'(Z* D( (&% '(4% U( .:h, ( '(" (K( ( ( h* (&% E( y
% U(
=!&_ L&M () {( q, M, p* &( % q* , D% )( *m . w (,V4A "% *W!, . w >( U, W)( _0Z

( &. !04( _(?*
ht, skfmfslv dikf, ic, fkf, D W zfkDqoB, zduGk Lbvfdw hQ
sn hAhnf-hfdBuA skfmvf pfv zyt rWqfv Hq jv hQ diaq hfnfbnmCr
pdl skfmfslv dbje zffr, kf]v vnCt W zffrv vffq durfl zsi[f
zdLjkv diaq rq, kfrst zffrv zfslw zfnf ipG zsi[f jv. hk}
zffr nkAkAfoD nialfqsj n{iK ialwGb jsvb bf. (kfWhfr } 24)
vfnCtc fr hstsYb,
. ( , ( P
% * A 0 (,V, , ((,V, * (%:", , % * AB 0kZ
( * ([&h* _0Z
( %c[h. Z
( * .:", % ). *m
skfmfslv msLA sj mcdmb rsk ifvsh bf, pk[B ipG bf zfdm kfv
dbje kfv dikf, nfb hQ njt mfbcN zsi[f diaqkm rsqdY. (hcJfvD 15,
mcndtm 178bQ)
hvQ dbsuv uDhb zsi[f shdw Hfstfhfnf bf rst mfb idviCBGkf ifsh
bf.
jlf mrfbhD mfv dhb Jffh -v rfk Lsv dYstb. mfv
k]fsj htstb, sr zffrv vnCt! zfidb zfmfv uDhb YfVf njt dudbn
sKsj zfmfv dbje diaqkm. jKf sb mrfbhD htstb, bf. sn nfv
jnm, p]fv rfsk zfmfv iafB zfsY. pk[B bf zfdm skfmfv dbje skfmfv
uDhb sKsjW diaqkm rsk sisvdY (kk[B ipG kcdm mcdmb rsk ifsvf bf).
16
mfv htstb, [sB zfidb zfmfv uDhb sKsjW diaqkm. kJb dkdb
htstb, Jb (kcdm mcdmb) sr mfv! (hcJfvD 6632bQ)
i[fsv mfbD Hfstfhfnfv lfhD rt sp, zffr W k]fv vnCt -sj
Hfstfhfnst, zffr W k]fv vnCt -v dhsvfLDslvsj Hfstfhfnf pfsh bf.
sjfb mc'dmb kf jvsk ifsv bf. mrfb zffr hstsYb,
%cK. N '(! &. h* &% * (. * &.ML( ( (1 0 Z
( %:"( (n)&(. 4A 5
, A&% ( (, 1 !, (&.", % ). " &% * . 3
, U( *m}
. '% "x s.4',! c.K( '0)* (' ( (iA c. DA !, &'[ [ >',? (k'(_h* *+Y, * % [ %cD. U(
( E, ( % * %cD. (&(5
% AB % * %cK. N (!% * % *
. '% ( '&.L( (%cD. % '( . '1 '>( ,L( '(D ?, (:), , 5

( L. D( % *W D( _, % U( :," A43
% U( X 0P
( %cD. [ 5
, % ). (
= L&M () {(&. ,p . .cK. , 1 ( 7O% Z
, 0AB * * , 1 .7O% Z
, *+Y, * % [
kcdm zffr W ivjfst dhhfnD mb sjfb nialfq ifsh bf, pfvf
Hfthfsn zffr W kf]v vnCstv dhvfyfvDslvsj; srfj bf dhvfyfvDvf
kfslv dikf, ic, fkf zKhf kfslv ufdk-sof. kfslv zsv zffr
mfb dtsJ dlsqsYb hQ kfslvsj wdwftD jsvsYb kf]v i[ rsk vr
(suAfdk W dhuq) fvf. dkdb kfslvsj iashw jvfshb uffsk; pfv dbmslsw
blDmftf iahfdrk, snJfsb kfvf dyvfqD rsh. zffr kfslv iadk ian hQ
kfvfW kf]v iadk n. kfvf zffrv lt. susb svsJf sp, zffrv lt
nItjfm. (mcuflftfrX } 22)
dkb } fKGivkfv Hfstfhfnf
swaBDv Hfstfhfnf nfLfvBk} jmfdwGqft stbslsbv mskf. dlst ifsh.
slWqf swN, ifWqfW swN. Hfstfhfnf djYc jef ifWqfv stfsH
Hfstfhfnf. sjfb jef fsKGv Jfdksv Hfstfhfnf.
sn kfv mAfsbufvsj Jch Hfstfhfsn, pfsk kfv yfjdv de]sj Kfsj, iasmfwb
ifq kAfdl. yfjdv swN rsq sost Hfstfhfnf swN.
zmcj kfv dw[jsj Jch Hfstfhfsn, waf jsv, pfsk sn ivD[fq bv shdw
ifq. ivD[f swN rst Hfstfhfnf swN.
Hfsh sj Lc vsiv ubA Hfstfhfnst vi b rsq sost kfv
HfstfhfnfW b rsq pfq.
zbcvi sj sjht Lsbv ubA Hfstfhfnst Lb swN rsq sost, kfv
HfstfhfnfW swN rsq pfq.
il hf odl tfsHv ubA Hfstfhfnst kf tfH bf rst Hfstfhfnf swN.
slr isHfsov ubA Hfstfhfnst slr bf sist Hfstfhfnf db}swN.
17
`fKGiv [c zdk pfrfslv mb,

nmfsbv disY kfvf yst nhG[B.
djsv lXf pfvf siasmv ifot,
dhislv kfst yst Hcdtqf njt.
iajk
x siadmj jsv zfkdhnuGb,
[c sp zfib siasm Kfsj sn mob.
zfibfv ncJ yfq fKG zfibfv,
siasmv djYc sn sp bfdr Lfsv Lfv.'
yfv } zffrv nfsK zbAsj Hfstfhfnf
swaBDv Hfstfhfnf rt rfvfm W dwjG, mrskv dwjG. zfv kf rt
zffrsj Hfstfhfnfv mskf zbAsjW Hfstfhfnf hQ sn Hfstfhfnfq k]fv
wvDj dv jvf. mrfb zffr hstsYb,
'zZ
. n v( * &."( (:),81 (, w xk. h* %cD. (&n, ). * (, w A. :," .8y
, _0)( :(" A 0 ( :", } (
4q L&M () {, w ;
dhhfn jsvsY, kfvf zffrv Hfthfnfq lxPkv. (hfjfvfr } 165)
stfsjvf rt mcwdvjvf, pfvf jjHfsh zffrv hflk bf j'sv k]fv
nfsK zbAslvsj kf]v wvDj fib j'sv Kfsj. kfslv nfsK vi Hfthfnf
sifNB jsv, spvi Hfthfnf zffrv nfsK rWqf dyk. zfv ef sp sjht
mrfbhD -v zfomsbv nmq dYt kf bq, hvQ dwsjGv iaytb
hkGmfsbW hAfij. hkGmfsb ntfsmv h lfhDlfvslv msLAW svfo nQmB
jsvsY. kfvf ofqvfr, iDv-IjDv hQ mfufsvv odlbwDbslvsj sjht
dbsuslv (dhisl) zfwaqt, (mcdv) zfLfv, iasqfubiCvsBv djhtf hfdbsq
svsJsY sp kf bq, hvQ kfvf kfslvsj zffrv sKsjW shwD Hfthfnf lfb
jsvsY!
Hfstfhfnfv kf'pDsm kfvf k zH sp, zffrv bfsm dmKAf jnm Jfq,
dj iDsvv bfsm dmKAf jnm Jfq bf. kf'pDsmv zdkvsb kfvf kfslv
iDvsj dhifvB, mllofv, loDv kAfdl LfvBf jsv. kfvf LfvBf jsv
kfslv iDv msbv Jhv ufsb, ofqhD kfmfm Jhv vfsJ!
18
kfv iadk Hfstfhfnf W kf'pDsmv mb zhf sp, kfWrDslv lnG W bnDrk

kfslvsjW vi ziYl tfso, spvi mfv mcwdvjslvsj tfok.
jvc zfsbv j zfqfsk mrfb zffr kfslv sn dy kcst Lsv hstb,
, , . :," (:),81 4( h, .( AB (, 4( 5
, !, (&.", % ). * (:),81 .7&[ [ %0 *W( v% .V( Z
% (. 1 4( h, .( AB} (
4"O L&M () {(.4E, % _(% )( %cK. (AB
pfvf ivjfst dhwfn jsv bf, `zffr j'--- jKf htf rst kfslv
zv dhkxfq nQjcdyk rq hQ dkdb YfVf zbA (ifnA)slv sJ jvf
rst kfvf zfbsl dnk rq. (nCvf pcmfv 45 zfqfk)
i]fy } zffrv ziYlbDq djYcsj Hfstfhfnf
zKhf mb djYcsj Hfstfhfnf, pf zffrv Hfstfhfnf sKsj lCsv ndvsq slq
zKhf k]fv Hfstfhfnf rafn j'sv slq.
icdjfv zfmfslv mCt dhNq rt Hfstfhfnf. sp Hfstfhfnfv
zwDtkf nfvf dhwsj oafn j'sv sIstsY. sp Hfstfhfnfv iyfsk vsqsY nc
jfmbf. spZb-nQnoG W nfKD hfdbsq nQnfv jvfv jj hfnbf.
swaBDv zShL Hfstfhfnf nfLfvBk} yfv iajfv rsk ifsv }1. icvsNv bfvDsj Hfstfhfnf. zfv ef rt hAfij. siam-Hfstfhfnfv
jKf Est nfLfvBk} iajfv nisjGv dlsj dk jsv.
2. bfvDv icvNsj Hfstfhfnf. swaBDv HfstfhfnfW hAfij. ksh
iaKmefv mskf kk hAfij W iajfw bq. jfvB nfLfvBk} bfvD lchGt W
tfwDtf.
ksh jKf zbDjfpG sp, siasm bfvD zdLj zjie. nxd W iajdx kokHfsh
shdw zfshomqD. icvsNv kctbfq kfv zbcHdC k W siam shdw oHDv. pdlW
YtbfmqD ttbfv Ytbf icvsNv yfsk zsbj B shdw.
3. icvsNv icvNsj Hfstfhfnf. swaBDv Hfstfhfnf kk hAfij bf rstW
zfsY. ksh kf dhjxk vdyv mfbdnjkfv dhvt Hfstfhfnf.
4. bfvDv bfvDsj Hfstfhfnf. swaBDv zfuh siamW zfsY. ksh kf
sbrfk jm. dhjfvoa mfbdnjkfv dhvt swaBDv bfvDv siam ef.
njt siasm Kfsj zfsifsnv sJfwoi, zff, sj zisvv jKfhfkGf,
rfdn, yftytb, JfWb-ivb kAfdl iYl jvf. jusb pf Hfstfhfsn,
zsbAv kf Hfstfhfnf. sj zsbAv nfsK spfofspfo v[f jvf. sj zbAsj
nfrfpA jvf. ivivsj jfsY ifWqfv jfmbf jvf. pKfnh nfdsLA Kfjf.
Odb sKsj Odbkv rWqf. idvswsN spZbjfmbf ydvkfKG jvf skf Kfsj.
19
Hfstfhfnfq Kfsj iasmfl-dhrfv, sntID skftf, sj zsbAv mxdk vfJf,

Ydh vfJf, iaskAsjv Ift W siafIfst Hfstfhfnfv Ydh vfJf, ivisvv
isTZjb-dhdbmq jvf. j nfsK iVsk pfWqf, hfufsv hf smtfsk pfWqf,
dnsbmf W Ocvsk pfWqf, blDv Lfsv, nmcsv njsk, ifsjGv UfsV-sU]fsi siamdbshlb jvf, siamftfi W svfmfnX jvf. zfv msb msb svfmfjv FAfnX jvf.
sn Hfstfhfnf, pfv bfbf dlj vsqsY nhGbfdwkfv. icdjfq zfmvf
kfv jfvBnmCr J]sc u kf h jvfv pKfnfLA syf jvh. zShL siasmv bfbf
[dkjv dlj dbsq zfstfybf jvh hQ siamsvfsov dydj{nfv idk W iKA
hst slh. pfsk djYc rstW pfslv hcsj mfb zfsY, sn pchj-pchkDvf nc
rsq fHfdhj uDhsb dIsv zfnsk ifsv, pfslvsj siamsvfso LQn jvsY
zKhf j'sv sIstsY. zfv zffr kWIDjlfkf.
20
zShL Hfstfhfnf nxd rWqfv jfvBnmCr

zShL siam-Hfstfhfnf nxd rWqf ncwDt W nHA nmfsu hfbDq bq. Dblfv
mcndtm nmfsu skf kf smfse oarBspfoA bq. dj zkDh lc}sJv dhNq sp,
siasmv bfsm bfbf sbfQvfdm shsV ystsY nmfsu. zhswsN snef spb iajk
x
mfbh-nHAkf W mfbh-fLDbkfv nQxdksk idvBk rsqsY. spJfsb ntfmD
zfb sb, snJfsb dlsbv dlb v iasjfi mb shdw ifsY, spmb hvsIv ht
pk oVfq, kk shsV smfef rsk Kfsj. spJfsb dbm mfsbv hfLf KfjstW y
mfsbv siavBf W {nfr zfsY, snJfsb zShL siasmv hfV-hfV skf zhwA
zdbhfpG.
dj zfmvf pfvf siasmv bfsm bfbf zwfd yf bf, Hfstfhfnfv bfsm
sbfQvfdmsj hQ fLDbkfv bfsm shstfibfsj iawqa dl bf, kfslvsj
dhNsq Hfhsk rsh. kf pfsk bf Ose kfv iasyf yftfsk rsh. nckvfQ kf
sofVf sKsj dbmGt
C jvsk rsh. kfv uDhfBc dydrk jvfv iv bfwj NL
iasqfo j'sv LQn jvsk rsh. pfsk zfmfslv idvhfv W idvshw sn uDhfBc
fvf nQdmk bf rq, kfv nhGfkj iaqfn yfdtsq spsk rsh. ifswv hfdVsk
zfb tfost dbsuv hfdVsj jDHfsh v[f jvh, kfv hAhf oarB jvsk
rsh. zfb tfofv jfvB susb, pfsk zfmfv hfdVsk zfb bf tfso, sn
hAfifsv nkjGkf zhtb jvsk rsh.
iaJv kfilfsr zdojf OesY hst sjfb sjfb nvjfv dbdlG efsmv ubA
ycstf sust vff dbsNL jsv. zfb tfso hst dmbfq rfduoBsj sefH
sust vff jvsk dbsNL jvf rsqsY. dhsIfvB Ose lcOGebf rq hst
pfbhfrsb lfrAilfKG hrb jvf dbdN. dhdH jfvJfbf W siseftifsiv
zfswifsw dnofsve JfWqf dbdN. zdojfsv jfvB susb zfofm hAhf
sbWqf rsq Kfsj. ef jkGhA.
zfncb! zfmvf ivhkGDsk siam-Hfstfhfnf nxd rWqfv jfvBdt dbsq
zfstfybf jdv hQ zdHHfhj W lfdqkwDt drnfsh nkjG r. kfrst kf
Oesk slWqfv zfso zfmvf iadksvfLj W iadksNLj hAhf oarsB n[m rh.
1. Dblfdvsk lchGtkf
idvhfsvv sjfb nlsnAv msb zShL siam nxdv jde jfvB rt Dblfdvv
lchGtkf. zShL siadmsjv dHksv Dblfdv Kfsj bf zKhf kfv idvhfsvv
stfsjvf Dblfv bq, zKGf{ sn idvhfsvv stfsjvf iafddnQ mcndtm bq.
21
bsy{ sp idvshsw Db W mfsbv zfstf Kfsj, sn idvshsw ififyfsvv

zjfv zfnsk ifsv bf.
sp mb mfbD zfmt fvf zfhfl Kfsj, sn msb sifsVf hfdVsk hfnf h]fLfv
mskf sjfb siasmv wqkfb dub hfnf h]fLsk ifsv bf.
sp rlq mrfb iadkiftsjv Hfstfhfnfq idviCBG Kfsj, sn rlsq zbA jfsvf
sjfb iajfsvv Hfstfhfnf fb sisk ifsv bf.
sp msbv zfjfsw mrfb zffrv Hfstfhfnfv nCpG zfstf dhjDBG jsv, sn
msbv zfjfsw zbA sjfb y]fl-kfvfv Hfstfhfnfv zfstf dhjfw tfH jvsk
ifsv bf.
sp idvhfsvv stfsjvf DbD kvdhqk sisq rftft-rfvfm hcsUsY, kfvf sjfb
dlb zShL W sbfQvf sjfb jmGjfs udVsq spsk ifsv bf.
bf, hQwDq mpGflfv sjfb sJqft Kfsj bf siam-divDsk. Hfstfhfnf W pcs
sjfb nmfb sb, jKf kfvf ufsb. nckvfQ Dblfdv bf Kfjst dbsuv mfbnmfb h]fyfsk zbA djYcv lfWqf ItianC rsk ifsv bf.
Dsbv zbcnvB W zffrv mvB sKsj sp hmcJ rsh, sn zhwA wqkfbD
yfs W zwDt jmGjfs udVsq pfsh. mrfb zffr hstsYb,
945O L&M () {$:)A4* . * &( D. ?* * % v( . * %}x q* . A:( Z
% 40 4A h , :( .% )( :("} (
sp hAd ivm lqfmq zffrv mvsB lfnDb rq, dkdb kfv ubA j
wqkfbsj dbsqfduk jsvb, zk}iv sn rq kfv nryv. (pcJvI } 36)
zfv dkdb wqkfbD ilf zbcnvB jvsk dbsNL j'sv hstsYb,
4. ". W)( . 0A?* A * % E0 ,[&(5
. %^, _0)( :(" (A * % E0 ,[&(5
. &. , _0U( * &."( (:),81 D( )n* )( }
L&'' L&M () {4A o* . (N E( % p* !,
sr mfblfvoB! skfmvf wqkfsbv ilf zbcnvB jsvf bf. sj
wqkfsbv ilf zbcnvB jvst wqkfb skf zwDtkf W ml jfsuv dbslGw
slq. (bCv } 21)
pdl ht, mnduslv mfmvf mnduslv dHksv siam jvsY.
jk ilGfbwDb srsvm W shfvjfv dHksv siam jvsY.
jk zfstm W rfuD Osvv shef-shdevf siasmv h]fdw hfufsY.
kfrst zfdm hdt, kcdm pfslv jKf htst, kfvf Dsbv iakDj dEj. dj
kcdm dbdyk rW sp, kfvf iajk
x Dblfv bq.
sj bfmfp iVst hf siwfq mfmdk jvst kfsj Dblfv msb jvfv
jfvB sb. sj shfvjf ivst kfsj ìlGfdhdh' LfvBf jvf ndEj bq.
22
W sp htf rq bf, `Wvf mcndtm; dj iafddnQ mcndtm bq.'

2. nclv tfof
dbyq `Hfstf tfof' sKsj `Hfstfhfnf' nxd rq. zfv Hfstfsj sj bf
Hfstfhfsn? nclvsj sj bf iYl jsv?
Hfstf tfof nxd rq lcdev mfLAsm; lwGb W wahsBv mfLAsm. lcdev msLA
jdesk sjfb djYcsj nclv tfost kfv iadk msbv zfjNGB nxd rq. mbdj
iajk
x nclv bf rstW msbv kDha zfjf[fq kfsj nclv tfso. zk}iv sjfb
hfLf bf Kfjst sn kJb siasmv if hf ifDvsi idvodBk rq. kfv iadk
hfnbf ufso, kfsj hfvhfv slJsk Yf rq; pdlW sn zfymjf nclvD rq.
zKGf{, iajk
x nclvD bf rq,
o _? 5 9 ? ... & 94 \ K&K > U
zKGf{, siam ufbfv iCshG kfv siam zfmfv jfsY t. zk}iv wCbA zv
sisq fb j'sv dbt.
iay [cLfv nmq nhGiaKm sp Jfhfv JfWqf rq, kf shw Hfstf tfso. kDha
diifnfv iaKm ifsb sp ifdb ifb jvf rq, snef ncsiq dmd ifdb tfso. ef
fHfdhj.
kJb sj kfsj siadmjfv ubA znclvD htst, sv sn hst, `zfmfv
syfJ lcde dbsq slJ, Wsj dhwnclvD tfosh!' ef siasmv iajdx k.
IfvnD jdh swJ nf'lD hstsYb, pfslv sie iCBG kfslvsj pshv vde Hft
tfosh bf. zfmfv diaqkmf zfmfv syfsJ hV nclvD; pdlW skfmfv syfsJ sn
jc{dnk. shsrD vDsj dufnf jv sp, `zf'vfI jD?' htsh, `kf jde
slfpJ.' dj sjfb slfpJDsj dufnf jv, sn htsh, `zf'vfI jde
shsrX.'
pfsj Hfstf stso pfq, kfv hAfifsv sjfb dhvi mhA nrA jvf pfq bf.
sjfb desj de msb rq bf. spsrkc sn kJb diaqkm. sn kJb Hfstf tfof
msbv mfbcN. zfvhD jdh hstsYb,
) , U. y. ] ( :o ... t= h k \h :
( 4] .
zKGf{, nsfsNv lxd iaskAj de zbcHh jvsk lchGtkfv dwjfv rq, dj
znsfsNv lxd iajfw jsv h de.
mb siadmj-siadmjfv kJb mb zhf rq sp, kfslv syfJ KfjskW z
rsq pfq. spsrkc siam kfslv kxkDq sb fby[csj z j'sv slq. zfv
mrfb zffr hstsYb,
23
' L&M () {LA . n > ,? >,_1 .7&[ [q ( % U( :,o* (L. ( !% *W ( % U( * D( 0A?* }

hk} y[c skf z bq, hvQ z rsY h[dk rlq. (rf } 46)
spmb swaBDv msbv z dYt tCk bhD
nialfq. kfslv hAfifsv
mrfb zffr hstsYb,
( :43 &({ ) .D( % )( %cDA U, 4( o M( >,p* %cD. 0AB *4. % ( * }
(sr bhD!) skfmfv zfqcv wiK! zhwA Wvf dbsuslv mkfq (z)
dhmCP dYt. (druXv } 72)
zfv nkAis[ siadmjf pdl vinD rq, kfrst skf htfv zsi[f vfsJ bf.
B bf KfjstW vi pfv jfmA, sn isV zbcvi vinDv siasm.
`jfmvi siasn mb Ycse yst ,
slqf zfsY dwobAft Kfdmsh bf jJb.
ofFGnfh zfsY jftf djQhf sn ufsb bf,
djQhf sn sYfe Hfsh kfskf sn mfsb bf.
r]fdj jk, `hfhc hfhc! mb zfsY mb mb',
vsJ bf khcW ofdV yst pfq UbXUbX.
z[m mb dIsv zfdnsh bf sjfbdlb,
rfdbstW ilfOfk bfdysh sn kfkfdLb.
zfib Hfdhqf sjr slq pdl Jcwdlt,
pfsj slsh kfv sKsj dY]sV zfbf mcwdjt.'
3. mc rWqf
rflDsn snsY, mrfbhD hstsYb,
.* () (%!(4A U( A:)x ,(8!, 4% p* ?* D( , ), , (D( , ( 3
( , (D( , ( ( , (D( , ( , ^!(L% *R [ * 4% ( .o* % U.
mdrtfv yfvde dudbn slsJ dhhfr jvf rq; kfv nil, y hQw, vi W
Db slsJ. kcdm Dblfv mdrtf sisk nIt rW, skfmfv rfk LCdtLCndvk
srfj. (hcJfvD 5090, mcndtm 3708bQ)
htf hftA, vi, B, hQw, Lb hf Db slsJ mfbcsNv msb mckf zfsn
hQ kfv dbjsN mfbcN mfbcNsj Hfstfhfsn, dbsuv uDhb-nD hfbfsk yfq
hQ dbsuv ufmf hf h dbhGfyb jvsk yfq.
zsbsj zfsY, pfvf vi slsJ ifot rq. ksh zbA zsbsj zfsY, pfvf
msbv bqsb slsJ BW sisk yfq. kfvf hst,
24
`sp rsl siam bfdr bsr sn rlq,

vsqsY kfrfsk ut jflf jdkiq.
sp Icst snZvH bfdr djsnv sn Ict,
jlfy kfrfv siasm msu bf hcthct.
sp Icstv vi-B sjfbdev bf,
hcthct kfsv Hfthfsn djsv Hf.'
msb msb dmt skf stso sot dJt. sjfbW ydvs mc rst mfbcN mfbcNsj
Hfstfhfsn. iYslv hAifsv lcde mb j rsq sost Hftfhfnf nxd rq Bmc
msb.
`lc'de ifdJv jde bDV,
jde blDv lc'de kDv.
lc'de msbv jde zfwf,
kfv bfm Hfstfhfnf.'
nhfsj slJst nhfv nfsK Hfstfhfnf rq bf. slJfv nfsK zdkdv
sjfb B tfso.
sj kfv hAhrfsv mc jvt, rsq sot sn kfv msbv mfbcN. zmfdqj
hAhrfsv mc rsq mb dlsq hnt BoafrD siadmj.
`z]fdJ skf zsbsj srsv, ht jfsv msb Lsv?
ksh kfsv msb Lsv, sp rq msbfvb.'
sn tfjfv sj bq. ivD[f sjs ivD[f dlsk snsY. Iusvv bfmfp
isV YfD-zfhfsnv ifswv vff dlsq ifv rsq pfdYt. smfrbDq js jcvzfb
sktfzk jBGsj mc jvt. zfv zmdb kfv iadk siadmsjv msb Hfstfhfnf
fb j'sv dbt.
sYstde mffnfv ufbftfq hsn out ofdYt. ifswv vff dlsq smsqde
ifv rsq pfdYt. oustv ncv kfsj mc jvst sYstdesj sn mb dlsq
sItt.
`Jsbf kfsv syfsJ sldJdb Lc h]fdw sbdY,
mb iafB pfrf dYt dlsq sIstdY.'
jfsvf nItkf hf JAfdk slsJ hf sb mc rsq kfsj mb dlsq sIst
zsbsj.
y hQswv nclwGb pchj pchkDsj mc jsv. y hQswv pchkD pchjsj
zfjx jvsk ifsv. JAfdkmfb pchj pchkDv mb ycdv jvsk ifsv, nIt jdhnfdrdkAj, sJstfqfv, dwiD, iaHdx ksj sj Hfstfhfnsk ifsv. sj kfslv
25
Bmc W H rsk ifsv. dj zsbsj uDhb-nDvsi ifWqfv mskf j'sv

Hfstfshsn sIst. zKy sn Hfstfhfnfv Jhv kfslv jfsY si]ZsY bf. syf
jsvW si]ZYfsk ifsv bf. kf nsW zufbf Hfsh kfsj Hfstfhfsn hQ
mvsBv isvW kfsj k Hfstfhfsn sp, sn zbAsj uDhb-nDvsi hvB
jvskW ifsv bf! sn ufsb, sn kfsj ifsh bf, ifWqf nh bq, khcW sn
kfsj Hfstfhfsn. ifot mb kfsj sisk yfq, pdlW sn Lvf-sY]fqfv hfsv.
sj mc rq zfjNGsB. kfsj zfjNGB jvf rsqsY, kf sn zfjx rsqsY.
kfv jfsY siamdH[f yfWqf rsqsY, kf kfv iadk mc rsq Hfstfshsn
sIstsY.
`z]fdJ smdt pfsv Hfstf tfso
kfrfsv Hfstf hst ufdb.
nh siam siam bq
dYt bf skf sn nQwq
sp zfmfsv jfsY efsb kfsv jfsY efdb..'
4. ijfv tfH
sj sjfb ijfv hf zbcora jvst mfbcN kfv iadk lchGt rsq pfq. ìadk
lfb iadklfb yfq'--- vDdkv dHdsk iadklfb dlsk ifvstW sjmb spb
mbef lfkfv lfsn idvBk rsq pfq. nckvfQ siasmv diifnf Kfjst snef
Hfstfhfnfq idvBk rsk sldv tfso bf.
dhil sKsj fv jvst, dhislv nmq ifsw sn l]fVfst zKhf sjfb
ijfv jvst zhwA kfsj Hfstf stfj htsk rq. zfv sn nfsK pdl
Dblfdv, zfmfbklfdv hf nydvkf t[A jvf pfq, kfrst sn zhwA
hfbDq hAdsk idvBk rq. msmG mCnf bhD
-v dhhfr-jfdrbD jfsvf
zufbf bq.
pJb mCnf mflXqAfb zdHmcsJ pff jvt, kJb htt, `zfwf jdv zfmfv
iadkiftj zfmfsj nvt iK ialwGb jvshb.' pJb sn mflXqAfsbv jCsiv
dbje si]ZYt, kJb slJt jlt stfj kfslv idtsj ifdb ifb jvfsY
hQ kfslv iyfsk lc'ub vmBD kfslv idtsj zfost zfsY. mCnf htt,
`skfmfslv jD hAfifv?' Wvf htt, `vfJfstvf Wslv idtsj dbsq nsv bf
sost zfmvf zfmfslv idtsj ifdb ifb jvfsk ifdv bf. zfv zfmfslv
dikf zdk hx mfbcN.' mCnf kJb Wslv idtsj ifdb ifb jvft (hQ
kfvf Osv dIsv sot). kfviv sn Yfqfv bDsy zfwaq oarB j'sv htt, `sr
zfmfv iadkiftj! kcdm zfmfv iadk sp jtAfB zhkDBG jvsh, dbyq zfdm
kfv mcJfsi[D.' kJb vmBD lc'usbv jub tf-udVk ils[si kfv
26
dbje t hQ htt, `zfidb sp zfmfslv idtsj ifdb ifb jdvsqsYb

kfv ifdvwadmj slWqfv ubA zfmfv dikf zfibfsj FfjsYb.' zk}iv mCnf
kfv dbje sn nm hxf hBGbf jvst sn htt, `Hq jsvf bf. kcdm pfstm
nialfsqv jht rsk sh]sy soY.' Wslv jub htt, `sr zff! zfidb
]sj mucv dbpc jvb, jfvB zfibfv mucv drnfsh dbyq sn (hAd) m
rsh, sp wdwftD, dhw.' sn mCnfsj htt, `zfdm zfmfv jbAfsqv
jubsj skfmfv ns dhhfr dlsk yf wskG sp, kcdm zfe hYv zfmfv
mucdv Jfesh; zk}iv pdl kcdm lw hYv iCBG jv, ksh sn skfmfv Yf. zfdm
skfmfsj j dlsk yf bf. b wfzffr (zffrv Yfq) kcdm zfmfsj
nlfyfvD ifsh.' mCnf htt, `zfibfv W zfmfv msLA ycd vt. lc'de
smqfslv sjfb jde zfdm iCBG jvst zfmfv dhvs sjfb zdHspfo Kfjsh
bf. zfmvf sp dhNsq jKf htdY zffr kfv nf[D. (jfnfn } 22-28)
5. zShL lxdifk
siasmv nCifk rq lxd sKsj. syfsJv yfrdb rlsqv msLA mb zfOfk nxd
jsv, spmb kDv jsv dwjfsvv msLA. kfsk pdl dwjfv rk bf rq, kfrst
[k W zfrk zhwA rq. lc lxd rt zfsvv bAfq, kf pdl sjfb j
JsVv oflfq isV, kfrst kfv Ist nm JV bf icVstW djYcef icsV zhwA
b rsq pfq.
y[c mb j z, pfv fvf dhidv nCybf rq. syfJfsyfdJ sKsj wcv rq, dj
swN rq otfodtsk. sYf zfv ecjvf sKsj nCifk rq nhGof nD hV
zdojfsv. zfvhD jdh hstsYb,
L4E 4~ _ " :" L c " ... 4 :" K " f\ &h
4U m ! & D +_? ... D Z k S o_? 4 ch
4b
9&&" ~
S ... D q) " N4
L4 ! L4 ! Z4" m ... _3D" 4 " _ q" 4 )
zKGf{,nm (spZb) lcOGebfv nCifk lxd sKsj rq. zdLjfQw zdojf
Ose sYf zfv sKsj.
jk lxd kfv jkGfv rlqsj LQn jsvsY, Lbcj W kfvrDb kDsvv mskf.
syfJ-Wqftf mfbcN pk[B jfdmbDslv syfsJ syfJ svsJ hfvhfv lxdifk
jsv, kk[B sn dhislv iv lfqmfb Kfsj.
sp dudbn kfv zfkfv ubA [dkjv, kf dlsq dbsuv y[csj sJfw jsv.
zKy sn JcwDsj sjfb fokm bq, pfv idvBfm rt [dk.
27
lxdv mfLAsm sp dhid nxd rq, kfv dhdH ipGfq hBGbf j'sv zbA j jdh
hstsYb,
N q ? & ? o? ... ? !_ "= ? 4
zKGf{, iaKsm lxd, kfviv mcydj rfdn, kfviv nftfm. kfviv hfjAftfi,
kfviv Wqflf, kfviv dmtb (hAdHyfv).
jfm-buv htDsnv kDvvfdwv jde kDv. buv rt hAdHyfsvv sifeXzdIn.
syfvf yfrdbsk mb ycdv jsv. msb hfnbf nxd jsv, siam nfv jsv. syfJ W
lxdv jKf jdh hstsYb,
zf]dJ W skf zf]dJ bsr, hf]jf Ycdv sof
sj ufsb sn jfv mb jsv ycdv sof!
siam uosk y[c jKf h'st mb dhNq hcdUsq Kfsj, pf durf iajfw jvsk
z[m. syfsJv sjfsB zfsY pflcv svJf.
bqbf Jfsb pflc ufsb nJf j zf]dJ wfvfq
t[ pcsov mrf-kinAf sjfKfq dhqf pfq!
`buvhfB' smsv zsbsj zsbjsj Ofsqt j'sv Kfsj. syfvf yfrdbsk
zsbsj hcdUsq Kfsj sofib iaBsqv nC[ dk.
--sofib diaqfv ydjk yfrdb; Yt jsv slJf zbcJb,
--yit smsqv Hfstfhfnf kfv j]fjb ycdVv jbXjbX.
lxdsk hAdHyfv rq. nckvfQ lxd hV nfQOfdkj dhidmq. pfv ubA
zffrifj hstb,
'( !,
$ , '(5 * 0AB %cD. * h* % * *+, (%cD. P
( .4[? [&p* % )( (%cK, LA ( !% * %:", &n~. )( ( , ", % . ; \[}
{0:D. P
( .4[? (: p* % )( (0:K, LA ( !% * %:", (:
%
. ~% )( , (", % . ; \[&( * (. (% )(
mc'dmb icvNslvsj ht, kfvf spb kfslv lxdsj nQpk vfsJ (buv U]dc jsq
yst) hQ kfslv spZbfsj nfhLfsb nQpk vfsJ; de kfslv ubA m. Wvf
pf jsv, dbyq zffr sn dhNsq zhdrk. zfv mc'dmb bfvDslvsj ht, kfvfW spb
dbsuslv lxdsj nQpk vfsJ W tffb nQv[f jsv---. (bCv } 30-31)
diaq bhD hstb, (sjfb vmBDv iv skfmfv lxd iVst kfv iadk) hfvhfv
lxjXifk jsvf bf. hvQ buv nkv dIdvsq dbW. (nrDr dkvdmpD 2228, 2229bQ)
spsrkc y[cW hAdHyfv jsv hQ kfv hAdHyfv rt (jfm)lxd. (hcJfvD, mcndtm,
dmwjfk 86bQ)
wvDqskv dhLfb zmfbA jvfv Ist iafvdj dhid v rq. mb
28
idvshw, spJfsb ianfdLjfvf ianfLsbv iadkspfdokf jsv. iv kfvf ilGf jsv

bf. ilGfq syrfvf sofib jsv bf. Ist shfvjfv nfsKW syfJfsyfdJ W
slJfsldJsk zfjNGB-iahfr nxd rq. zfv zfjNGBDq nclv hncvf.
Ìcst-Icst snKf Hcstv shlbf, bqsb-zLsv wfi,
ylsb snKf jfmbfv uftf, y]fsl ycb-kfi!
snKf jfdmbDv bqsb jfut, swafBDsk ylrfv,
yvsB tf[f, sE]fse kfct, slsJ msv zfsY mfv!
iarvD snJfsb syfJf syfJ dbsq nclv wqkfb,
hcsj-hcsj snKf h]fjf Ict-Lbc, syfsJ syfsJ Ict-hfB.'
spb slJfsldJv iadkspfdokf, slJfsbfv iadkspfdokf. snZlspGv ialwGbD
smtf. zfv spZhsbv iafvs pchsjv hvQ djswfsvv msbv spb njvB
zfshlb, `lflf skfv ifsq idV sv, smtf sKsj h sb sl.'
htf hftA, sYf zfv-ecjvfsj sp dbqB bf jvsh, kfv Osv sn lwGb
jvsh dhwft zdojf.
6. rfdnv dUdtj
nf[fsk mcydj rfdn jde nsmfrbD ncydv. pfslv mfsU slJf-nf[f{ W
rfdn dhdbmq hL zfsY, kfslv mfsU mcydj rfdnv dUdtj mbsj rlsqv
jfvfofsv hlD j'sv sIst.
i[fsv nf[fsk sofmVf-mcJ rsq Kfjfsk zsv dhsN nxd jsv. kf
Hfhk} rfnmcJ bf rstW Hfsqv nf[fsk mxlc rfnA jvf nydv mfbcsNv
t[B. zfv snef jef icsBAv jfu W nfljf.
mrfbhD hstsYb,
.((` * X P
% &( !, * 5
( * q* U( %& *% * (Y v( ,9.4 * ( :", 04,q% U( *m ))
kcdm icsBAv sjfb jfusj kcY msb jsvf bf. pdlW kcdm skfmfv (mcndtm)
Hfsqv ns rfdnmcsJ nf[f{ jvsk ifv. (zKGf{ rfdnmcsJ nf[f{ jvfW
icsBAv jfu). (mcndtm 6857bQ)
ncydvhfb spb iaskAj mfbcsNv jAfsmvfv nfmsb Kfsj hQ mcydj rfdn
ialwGb jsv, Ist njstv jfsY kfv Ydh nclv tfso.
zShL siam uosk jKf zdhdlk bq sp, mcydj rfdn dhlcAk zsi[f Jvsy
jm, dj ymsj zsbj shwD. ncydvhfb sn ymj hL niaDdk fisb hAhrfv
jsv. ubA stfsj hst, `srsnY dj sI]snY.'
zfsvf htf rq, `pfv mcsJ zfsY rfdn, kfv zfsY siasmv I]fdn, pfv mcsJ
29
sbsjf rfdn, sn skf rq nhGbfwD.'

spmb jKfq-jKfq dIjXdIjX, rf}-rf}, srf}-srf}, dr}dr} j'sv shdw rfnA
jvf nydvkfv t[B bq. iaotH hf dTse mfbcN ncydvsv zdLjfvD rsk
ifsv bf. kfYfVf mrfbhD hstsYb,
.(((kq* . , U. ,+,
0 * 4( %h* 0A?* *+,
0 .4,o U. *))
skfmvf shwD shwD srsnf bf. jfvB, shwD rfnfv Ist rlq mfvf pfq.
(zfrmfl, hsb mfufr 4193, nrDt ufsm' 7435bQ)
zfv lcydvsv t[B rt rfdnv mfsU I]fdn dlsq zShL iaBq nxd jvf. iaKm
nf[fskv rfdn iawfnsbv zKhf zfkrkAfv I]fdn ipG si]ZYfsk ifsv.
7. dmd jKf
pfv ydv nclv, kfv jKf sjb nclv rsh bf?
zhwA. ydvhfsbv jKfq sJ]fef Kfjsh bf, sJ]fyf Kfjsh bf, zrQjfv
Kfjsh bf, e Hd Kfjsh bf. kfv HfNf jjGw rsh bf, zwDt rsh bf,
znHA rsh bf. hvQ kfv jKf rsh wadkmLcv. zfv sn rsh dmHfND. kfv
dhdbmsq sn mrficvfv tfH jvsh. zfcfr dhb zfmXv
rsk hdBGk,
jlf bhD htstb,
.(( K( 4A K, * %:", D( ., !( (D( , , !( %:", K( 4. K, * (4). =?* 4% [ ,=03
( > ,? 0AB))
uffskv msLA mb jde j[ zfsY, pfv hfdrsvv zQw dHkv sKsj
hQ dHksvv zQw hfdrv sKsj slJf pfsh.
kf sb zfhc mfstj zfwzfvD
htstb, `sn j[ jfv ubA rsh, sr
zffrv vnCt?' dkdb htstb,
.(($ ( , . 0 (a, * , 1 , ( !( ( ( (1 ( c( * * ( (o* * * ( %:( ,))
sp hAd bvm jKf hst, zlfb jsv W stfsjvf pJb Ocdmsq Kfsj, kJb
bfmfsp vk rq; kfv ubA. (zfrmfl 6615, kfhfvfbD 3388, rfsjm 270, 1200,
zfhct mfb hfrfjD 3090, nrDr kfvoDh 617bQ)
zbA j hBGbfq zfsY,

.(($ ( , . 0 (A\% 1 !, , 1 , 1 ( ( ( (x ( ( ( *(( 1 ( c( * * ( (o* ( 7 * * %:( ,))
sp hAd nclv jKf hst, zlfb jsv, hvfhv svfpf vfsJ W stfsjvf pJb
Ocdmsq Kfsj, kJb bfmfsp vk rq; kfv ubA. (dkvdmpD 1984, 2527bQ)
jKf nclv htsk ifvst nclvDv nclvkfq hxd tfH rq. kf shofbf
icvsNv nfsK jKf htsk rst sn snZlpG ycdv pfWqfv zfwfq kfsj mrfb
30
zffrv dbslGw msb svsJ jKf htsk rsh. dkdb mdrtfslv sswA hstsYb,
() { ? .4% "0 &% * (: [ ($4( "( , , * >,? ,81 *? ( (^( A&% q* !, (:%
(y
% U( * ?* 0:_.% q* U0 AAB}
pdl skfmvf zffrsj Hq jv, ksh ivicvsNv nfsK sjfmt js
mbHfsh jKf hstf bf, pfsk zsv pfv hAfdL zfsY sn iatc rq. zfv
skfmvf nlftfi jv. (fHfdhjHfsh jKf ht.) (rXpfh } 32)
dj pfvf Hfstf HfNf iasqfo j'sv zShL Hfstfhfnf nxd jsv, kfvf dbyq
ydvhfb bq.
8. isTZjb dhdbmq
zfsifsn irfv-isTZjb dhdbmq jvf ncydvsv jde nclv zfyvB.
spsrkc kfv mfLAsm ifvidvj niaDdk nxd rq.
`nxdk dlsq h]fLf Kfsj iaDdk,
iaDdk dlsq h]fLf Kfsj mb,
irfsv h]fLf Kfsj iaDdk,
kf slWqf iasqfub.'
zfv mrfbhD hstsYb,
.((.&n! ( U( . D( U())
skfmvf irfv dhdbmq jv, ifvidvj niaDdk tfH jvsh. (hcJfvDv
zft-zflfhct mcIvfl 594, zfhC qAf'tf 6148, nrDt ufsm' 3004bQ)
dYiK dlsq iashw jvsk dosq zsbsj zShL iaBq-ufst zfh rsq
isV. sjfbW pchj pdl sjfbW pchkDv nfsK zKhf kfv dhivDk irfv hf
isTZjb dhdbmq jsv, kfrst dj kfsk siasmv hDu svfiB jvfv jKf Hct
rsh? j[sbf bf. zfv tft softfi irfv slWqf skf zfLcdbj pcsov iaKm
siam dbshlsbv dhswN iakDj.
ìaBq zfbsk dhub iafs
LCLCmq sn mfsE,
mqcv bxskA jvB dys
ici zfdbst o]fse.
rlq IcdVqf h]fLb dY]dVqf
yfsr iadklfb dlsk,
dj dj dlh dj lfb lfdbh
tfdosh skfmfv drsk?
31
bfdr djYc kk slWqfv mskf

zfsY Lc mcsJ HfNf,
iajfdwh zfdu nQsjfy kAfdu
rlsqv Hfthfnf.
ifKsvv 'isv dhbf dwjsV
dEqfdY tkfofY,
dj ofb ofdrqf tkfqf tkfqf
slJfh sjfbX bfy?
Ldvh sp diYc if bf djYc
zfjfsw kcdth dwv,
jsvsY nf[f{ iay zfOfk
dwtfhxdv kDv.
zfmfv htf rstf kcdm sh hstf
zfrf nJD jD yfW?
bfdr djYc ksh db} sr psh
Hfstfhfnf dbsq pfW.'
9. iawQnf
zsbj znsykb dikf-mfkf zfsY, pfvf zsbj pchsjv jfsY dbsuslv
smsqv iawQnf j'sv Kfsj. zsbj pchkD dbu dikf-mfkfv jfsY sjfb pchsjv
HCqnD iawQnf swfsb. zfv snJfsb sn iawQnf hfBD sKsj kfslv msb
siasmv lfbf h]fLsk v jsv.
zsbj mb NGfrDb Hf zfsY, pfvf dbu hcslv jfsY shfsbv iawQnfq
imcJ rq. zsbj NGfrDb fmD zfsY, pfvf dbu Dv iawQnfq hcslv mb
zfjNGB jsv. zfv kfv Ist msbv zufs siasmv ifdJ hfnf sh]sL hsn.
zsbj shfb kfv dbu Hfsqv jfsY nJDv iawQnbDq W zfjNGBDq oi
dbsq Kfsj. zsbj rkHfoD D zfsY, pfvf dbu fmDv jfsY ivDv vi W
ByyGf j'sv Kfsj hQ kfv Ist kfslv msbv nQsofisb j iajfv iahfr
nxd j'sv Kfsj, pf ivhkGDsk siam vsi zfkiajfw jsv.
ubA rflDsn snsY,
.(( D( % * AB 4. [% )( . 0*Wh* D( P
, % O( , D( _(( % _(?* * * 4% ( * [ 4% ( 4. v, (U. *m))
sjfb mdrtf spb sjfb mdrtfsj (bo) zfdtb jsv zk}iv sn kfv
fmDv dbje kf hBGbf bf jsv. (pfsk kf wcsb kfv fmD) spb mdrtfsj
32
(msb) iakA[ lwGb j'sv Kfsj. (hcJfvD 5240-5241bQ)

zfv nvfndv sj zsbAv iawQnfv mfsb rt phf. spsrkc mcsJfmcJD
iawQnfq nxd jsv zrQjfv, nxd jsv pchj-pchkDv msb zufbf siam-iahfr.
mrfbhD hstsYb,
.((.!% 08 . 0A?* (s._ ( 0 (%c[h )0 AB))
mcsJfmcdJ iawQnf jvf W sbWqf rsk lCsv Kfj, jfvB kf phf. (zfrmfl
16837, hsb mfufr 3743, kfhfvfbD 16172, hfrfjDv zfhct mfb 10307,
nrDt ufsm 2674bQ)
htf hftA, pdl sjfb pchkD sjfb pchsjv mcsJ dbu iawQnf swfsb, kfrst
dj kf siam bf rsq zbA djYc rq? `kcdm Jch nclvD, kcdm spb Ffbfjfef ivD,
kcdm spb iCdBGmfv y]fl, kcdm spb iaIdc ek softfi' kAfdl sb odhGkf rsq
mb n]si dlsk dj sldv tfso? zfvhD jdh hstsYb,
.N 0:K. 40 ~) > ~&... .N % Z
( c&q! K& 5
(
zKGf{, Wsj Wvf `nclvD' hst sL]fjfq sIstsY. zfv iawQnf nclvDslvsj
sL]fjfq sIst.
iawQnfq mb jfv bf ost? iawQnfv I]fsl jfv mb bf dwjfv I]fnfv mskf
I]fsn? zdk yftfj zKhf zffr-HDv bf rst zdk nrsu if diYst pfq
iawQnfv skst.
10. nftfm
nftfm-dhdbmq iaDdk nxdv zbAkm jfvB. mrfbhD hstsYb,
(AB XN%>v( * ( %c[o.* m ( &n! ( U( _0Z
( &.", % U. *m ( &.", .U _0Z
( *=0d
* [& 5
. % U( *m ))
.(( %c[o(% !( ( *0 & .E? * %c_.% !( ( U( .V&. _. ( ?*
skfmvf mfblfv bf rWqf ipG uffsk iashw jvsk ifvsh bf. zfv
pk[B bf skfmfslv ifvidvj Hfstfhfnf osV Esh, kk[B ipG skfmvf
iajk
x mfblfv rsk ifvsh bf. zfdm dj skfmfslvsj mb jde jfu hst
slh bf, pf jvst skfmvf sj zivsj Hfthfnsk tfosh? (kf rsY)
skfmvf zfsifsnv msLA nftfm iayfv jv. (mcndtm 203bQ)
Hfstfhfnfv dYiK dlsq zShL Hfstfhfnf nxd rsq Kfsj. sjfb pchj
sjfb pchkDsj zKhf sjfb pchkD sjfb pchjsj nvfndv nftfm dlst zKhf
jfsvf mfLAsm nftfm dlsq ifEfst kfsk j iajfv zfjNGB nxd rq kfslv
33
msbv orDb sjfsB. sp zfjNGB nmsqv kfst zShL siam vsi zfkiajfw
jvsk Kfsj.
ubA tfmfoB msmG mfbcNsj nkjG j'sv hstb, dIkbfv Hq
Kfjst shofbf bfvD-icvsNv mfsU nftfm dhdbmq hL bq. zfv mcnfIfrf skf
bq. dIkbf rt zShL siam-Hfstfhfnf.
11. Hfstfhfnfv ofb W jdhkf
lc}sJ sp isVdb, sn ncsJv nfb dlsk ifsv bf. siasm sp isVdb sn siasmv
jdhkf dtJsk ifsv bf. ef jde hfh jKf.
dbyq siadmj-siadmjf siasmv jdhkf W ofb bsk Hfstfhfnsh. zfv
zsiadmj rst siasmv ofb W jdhkf kfsj siadmj hfdbsq YfVsh.
mdbsk ofb mfbcsNv mbsj dhsmfdrk jsv. kfv iv zfhfv siam W
svfmfsnv ofb. ofb swfbf zHAfsn idvBk rst msbv mfsU mkf zfbqb
jvsh. mb yfsh jfsj Hfstfhfnsk hQ kfsj njt mLcmq jKf
htsk, pf ofsb sb Kfsj.
zfhfv kfv nfsK wqkfb spfo dlst hQ siasmv zfsb hfkfn dlst zfv
dj sj dbsusj dbqsB vfJsk ifvsh?
ofb sb jibfv uosk sHsn pfsh. msb msb Hftfshfnfv mfbcsNv nfsK
ofsbv kfst W Ysl hfj-dhdbmq jvsh. zfv kJb kfv zufbf Hfstfhfnf
syfsJv Ocm sjsV sbh. msbv ncJ tcse sbsh. zdvkfv dhVbfq zfHfdhj
zfyvB jvsh. msbv yfstA zbA uosk hnhfn v jvsh.
jfsj sisk yfsh jfsY. pfsj sn ncJ-lc}sJv jKf htsh. sp kfv msbv
drdudhdu bsh. siam-nfosv msbv kvD Hfdnsq slsh. nfosvv kvmftf
kfsj zfOfskv iv zfOfk jvsh. sn Hfhsh, kvmftf uq j'sv siasmv
kvD nfIstAv jCst dHVfsh. dj ft nmcsv d[ sT kfsj zkt
oHDsv kdtsq slsh.
zfvhDsk jde iahfl zfsY, `zft-dobf, vjqX fkcp dpbf.' zKGf{, ofb
hAdHyfsvv m. htf hftA, siasmv ofb pchjsj tie hfbfsk ifsv,
pchkDsj shwAf hfbfsk ifsv. spZbfbcHdC k sjjv ofb mfbcNsj hAdHyfsv
dt jvfsk ifsv.
i[fsv icvsNv kctbfq bfvD rt lchGt. msbv dlj sKsj lchGt. iaHfh W
iadkdqfq lchGt. zdk nrsu bfvDv mb smfrbDq w, Yl W ncsv hQ kfv
iaHfhwDt zsKG iaHfhfdhk rsq Kfsj.
mdrtfv mb spb mfdev mrt. ofb spb hfb zfsb sn mfdev mrst. mcrsC kG
34
ifdhk rsq nrsu ost LQnjhdtk rq sn mrt.

smsq mfbcsNv mb spb dwwmrt, j]fy dlsq kdv. zfv ofb spb hfB. ofb
spb ifKv rsq hNGB rq sn dwwmrst. Ist kf sHs yCBGdhyCBG rsq pfq.
dhlfqD rsv nIsv zfbufwfr bfmj jde lfn mdrtfslv e
idvyftbfv lfdqsk dbpc dYt. isK ytfv nmq sn ncsvtf js ofb
ofdYt. kf sb mrfbhD kfv sswA htstb,
.((4A )AL&(q* !, &% M( *( )% (L. [=E( 3
( % * )( ))
sr zfbufwfr! j]fsyv shfktstf dbsq LDsv yftfW. (hcJfvD 6149,
mcndtm 6180bQ)
mdrtfslv lchGt msb ncsvtf jsv ofsb sjfb dIkbf nxd rsq spsk ifsv,
kf dkdb kfsj nkjG jvstb.
htf hftA, kf dYt mfb W kfjWqfv jfsItf. nckvfQ jfsItfv mdrtf
pdl lchGt mfsbv zKhf mfbrDbfslv rq, kfrst kfslv msb jD Oesk
ifsv, kf zbcsmq.
zfnst Hfstfhfnfv ofb wqkfsbv m, pfv fvf sn siam-ifotfslvsj
nsmfdrk jsv. ofb kfv j swaBDv I]fl, pfv fvf sn hAdHyfsvv bfqjbfdqjf dwjfv jsv. spsrkc swaBDv ofb nc spZb-hfnbfsj ufodvk jsv,
subf hxd jsv, tf dhtDb jsv hQ zfkmpGflf LQn jsv. zfv kfv
Ist nQOdek rq hAdHyfv. hAfifsv ofb rt mslv tfdHdN. ml spmb
mfkftsj sbwfq m j'sv h zOeb Oefq, spZb-mflbfmCtj ofbW kf
Oefsk ifsv.
jhckv siasmv Ffj dlst jhckvD Ycse zfsn. N]fV Ffj dlst of Ycse zfsn,
sOfVf Ffj dlst sOfVD nfVf slq. zdHnfvDv Ffsj zdHnfdvjf sn idk
rq. iaskAsjv dhswN ufovBD ofb zfsY, siam-dmtsbv zfrhfqj w zfsY.
siadmj-siadmjfv dmtb-m rt ofb. msb siam nxdjfvD pflc rt ofb.
12. iayfv mfLAm
iayfv mfLAm hkGmfb pcso zsbj. djYcv mfLAsm swfbf pfq, djYcv mfLAsm
swfbf W slJf pfq. djYcv mfLAsm slJf W iVf pfq.
h oi W ibAfsnv h-icj
hf i-idjfv mfLAsm siam-Hfstfhfnf
kKf zwDt jfdrbD idvshdwk rq. zfv kf isV siamrDb msbW siam ndk
rq. hxd ifq siadmj-siadmjfv siasmv tDtf.
35
nh yfsk shdw dhibj iayfv mfLAm rt sn njt nAfeftfe yAfsbt W

lCvlwGb sj, pfsk sjht siam W spZb zwDtkf ialdwGk rq. v mfLAsm
Osv hsn siam swJf pfq, siam hxd jvf pfq. zfv bfej, pff, dnsbmf, dKsqefv
skf zfsY. efvsbe skf zfsvf jfmft jsvsY siam-uosk.
njt yAfsbstv swA rt }Db-LmG dbifk pfj, bfdjkf hxd ifj.
bfvD-fLDbkf kKf uvfqc-fLDbkfv uquqjfv.
nydvkf LQn srfj, zwDtkfv kcIfb zfncj.
nfmfduj hf LmGDq hfLf tQOb j'sv spHfsh srfj uDhbefsj isHfo jv.
siam-Hfstfhfnf W kfv isK zdkvdkHfsh Lb-mfb-iafsBv dhnuGb.
zfv njt sHfo-dhtfsnv nfmoaD zdk nrut j'sv Hsv slWqf rsY
iaskAsjv Osv Osv. Esk-hnsk-sJsk-sk ubnfLfvB kf lwGb jvsY.
kfrst sn lwGsbv dj sjfb iaHfh iVsh bf? zhwA.
`jfj pdl jfsvf isKv rq vfrhfv,
yftfsh sn isK sp isK HfofV.'
zdLjfQw yAfsbst ialdwGk rq siam-jfdrbD. zdkvdk siasmv zdHbq,
siam dbshlb W siadmj-siadmjfv ncJ-lc}sJv uDhb.
iadkshwDv iadkshdwbDv smsqv nfsK siam.
hcv h hf shfsbv nfsK siam.
wftD hf wfVDv nfsK siam!
HfhD hf Hfsqv hsqv nfsK siam!
iafsHe snsefvDv nfsK mAfsbufsvv siam.
yfjsvv nfsK mfdtsjv h hf shdev siam.
lfnDv nfsK mfdtj hf mfdtj-icsv siam.
LbDv nfsK ovDshv siam.
LbDjbAfv nfsK dvf-Wqftfv siam
nrifdEbD hf nrjdmGbDv nfsK siam.
mcndtsmv nfsK zmcndtsmv siam.
sYstv nfsK sYst zKhf smsqv nfsK smsqv siam.
dw[sjv nfsK YfDv siam.
LmGvv nfsK dwsNAv siam.
zfsvf jk vjsmv, jk vsMv W TsMv siam. siasmv fb-ikb, rfdnjff, jcvhfbD, zwa, zfwf-rkfwf, dmtbf nItkf zKhf dhsqfof
36
znItkf. nh slsJ wCbA rlsqW yfdrlf zfsn, diifnfrDb rlsqW diifnf

zfsn, ucdVv sJ]fsu zsi[fq Kfsj. zfv sn mcrsC kG sp pfv Jsv isV, sn
kfv dwjfsv idvBk rq; pdlW sj jfsvf ipc bf rq.
iayfv mfLAsmv---dhswN j'sv--- njt yAfsbstv iayvc [mkf zfsY.
[mkfq mfbcsNv msbv idvhkGb Oefsk ifsv, bkcb dyf-sykbfv zfdhHGfh
Oefsk ifsv, mfbcNsj dEj zKhf Hct isK nclvHfsh yftbf jvsk ifsv,
ufdkv uDhsb dk-zhbdkv isK iaLfb HCdmjf iftb jvsk ifsv,
ufdksj LQsnv dlsj sEst sItskW ifsv dmdFqf, ufdkv ydv W bDdkbdkjkfv dhbfw nfLb jvsk ifsv iayfv-mfLAm.
mfbcN pJb iayfv-mfLAsmv nmcsJ dlhfvfdv zdLjfQw nmq
zdkhfdrk jsv, kJb dj iaHfhfdhk rsh bf djswfv-djswfvD, kvBkvBD? nDrDb uDhsb dj nDv yfdrlf nxd rsh bf. svfmfnXrDb uDhsb dj
svfmfdej nfKDv sJ]fu zfnsh bf?
kJb iaskAj kvB LfvBf jvsh, uDhsb h]fysk rst jub mb
(zdHsbDv mskf) ndbDv zf iasqfub. iaskAj kvBD LfvBf jvsh,
uDhsb ncJ sisk rst kfv mb (zdHsbkfv mskf) svfmfdej kvsBv
zhwA iasqfub. nflf-mfEf okfbcodkj dhsqv mfLAsm skmb nD hf ndbD
tfH jvf pfq bf.
Ist idvshw sbfQvf rq. Osv Osv siasmv jDdkG-Wqftf pchj hf pchkD
zKhf Hq hnhfn jsv. zfv iaskAj Osv Kfjfv Ist sj zfv jfsj
Jfvfi msb jsv bf. jt kJb zfv jt Kfsj bf.
Osvv dHksvW zShL siasmv lxwA slJf pfq. Osvv stfsjslv sj djYc hst
bf. Osvv hfsv, Int-s[sk, icjsc vv ifsV, ifsjG, hfofsb, hsb, blDv kDsv,
nmcsv njsk Hfstfhfnfv pcot zfmHfsh busv isV. sj jfsj
zfidjv zhfq slsJW djYc hst bf, OxBf jsv bf, hfLf slq bf. spsrkc
dmdFqf W kfoCkD zfsb kfslvsj zfwfn slWqf W zbcifa dBk jvf rq. kfv
iv zbAfbA dlhsnv mskf dhw ucsV dhwHfstfhfnf dlhn iftb jvf rq.
Ist zShL W znHA siamW hL nHAkf W nQxdkvsi dhwub mfbsn
DjxdktfH jsv. sj siam bf jvst kfsj dhvt iafBD LfvBf jvf rq. jfsvf
siadmj hf siadmjf, hq-s hf oftG-s bf Kfjst kfsj zfHfdhj mfbcN
hst msb jvf rq. siamrDb uDhsbv mfbcNW dbsusj srq msb jsv hQ
rDbmbAkfv dwjfv rsq j iajfv mfbdnj svfoDsk idvBk rq.
37
nckvfQ sp zfsbv {n Osvv dHkv sKsj, sn zfb dbhGfdik rsh

jDHfsh?
diaq mcndtm pchj W pchkD! siasmv ibAfn isV zKhf dImX slsJ LfvBf
jsvY kcdmW bfqj hf bfdqjfv mskf skfmfslv siasm nIt rsh? zmCtj
LfvBf. jibf W hfh j bq. i W ufovB j bq. ibAfsn stJj hQ
dIsm Ffsvv jfqlf j'sv drsvf-drsvfbsj wk hfLfv mfsU nIt j'sv sbq.
dj skfmfslvsj nIt jvsh sj?
13. siam hLjfvD wvqD dhLfb
iafyDb W zLcbf jfstv zsbj zfstsmv Iskfqf zbcpfqD ufbf pfq, idh
siam hL. Iskfqf oarB j'sv zsbj ydvhfb LmGHDv mfbcNW siasm
idkk rsq Kfsj. pdlW kfvf kfslv siasm idhkfv nDmfsvJfv dHksv
zhfb jvsk n[m rq bf.
hAfifsv jde rflDsnv zbcnvB jvst idh siasmv siadmj-siadmjfvf
dhisl isV bf hQ snafkdbDv djbfvfq ytsk ytsk ilJtb Ose snafsk
sHsn pfq bf.
mrfbhD hstsYb,
A 0 ( :",
$ *h 0:D. . * % )( *m $ D( (_(E% ". ( D. (% !( ( $:x !( (4* 0B( $:x !( ( * *0B ))
A(4'* S (^'* (, D( .En ' > ,? (^* (%:"( ( ,
, 4% , (, ), , * 4( % _(M% , D( .En q* U0 A:( ?*
0B(* m '( Z
, X+',"( ]\'[o 0B(* m , ' ?, (^'(U4% )( %[ +v, &.) ( , &( % Z
( ( 4% )( >, 40 h*
(AB ( . '[h . ( '(3 ( * '( ( * '( (AB =~(
% '." , ( '*d'> ,? 0B(* m . ". LA ( "( , ( Z
,
.(( .k q* >( K, * (m . [h . ( 3
( *? ( ( %( ( ?*
zhwA rftft dhhxk W i hQ rfvfm dhhxk W i, zfv Hsqv
mfsU vsqsY h ndlrfb h; pf zsbj stfsj ufsb bf. zkh sp hAd
ndlrfb hnmCr rsk lCsv Kfjsh, sn kfv Db W ksj hf]dysq sbsh
hQ sp hAd ndlrfsb idkk rsh (ndl h H[B jvsh), sn rfvfsm
idkk rsh. (v lfrvB sn) vfJfstv mk, sp dbdN yfvBHCdmv
zfswifsw i yvfq, kfv is[ dbdN nDmfbfq isV pfWqfv nfhbf vsqsY.
swfb! iaskAj hflwfrv nQvd[k yfvBHCdm Kfsj. zfv swfb! zffrv
nQvd[k yfvBHCdm rt k]fv rfvfmjxk hnmCr. swfb! slsrv msLA jde
mfQndi vsqsY; pJb kf nc Kfsj, kJb sofef slref nc rsq Kfsj. zfv
38
pJb kf Jfvfi rsq pfq, kJb sofef slref Jfvfi rsq pfq. swfb! kf rt
r{di (zv). (hcJfvD 52, 2051, mcndtm 4178bQ)
htf hftA, fbDvf ndlrfb sKsj lCsv Kfsj, lCsv Kfsj sn isK ytf rsk,
pfsk ilJtb Oefv zfwf Kfsj. zfv zfbDvf hLkfv Iskfqf dbsq
shisvfqf rsq iK yst. idvswsN ilJtb Oest zShLkfv dbdN HCdmsk
dhyvB v jsv. kfv idvBfm rq zH, wdKstAv idvBfm.
nmfsuv bfbf h ics j rflDsnv bfsm h lchGt W uft rflDn iaydtk
rsqsY. kf sp zfmtspfoA bq, kf bf susb zsbsj kf isV zfmt v jsv
slq; spmb rsqsY h dhlzfskv iaytsbv s[s.
siam hLjfvDvf jde rflDn sJ j'sv Kfsj, sp hAd siasm isV idh
sKsj kf sofib jvt hQ LpGLfvB j'sv mxkAc hvB jvt, sn wrDl rsq
sot.
iaKmk} rflDn nrDr bq, hvQ de mboVf uft rflDn. (dn} pqDIfr
409bQ, zfvW } zft-ufWqfhct jfID 559, 562ix})
jKf `tfqtf-mubc W dwv]D-Ivrfl' uoskv h mfbcsNv dbjse

iaydtk KfjstW hQ zsbsj kf `rflDn' hst ufbstW, zfnst kf dj
siamhfuslv Dsbv bhDv bfsm dmKAf vybf.
rflDn vfnCtc fr jkGj
x hdBGk rsk ifsv bf. hfBD k]fv mcJdb}nxk
rsk ifsv bf. jfvB wrDlD mpGflf rt mrfb zffrv dbje j y mpGflf, pf
dnDjosBv ifwfifdw mpGflf. sp mpGflf tfsHv ubA zfsY dhdH zhf W
zfmt, pf sn mpGflf tfsHv wkGvi.
mrfb zffrv dbjse iajk
x wrDl rstb dkdb, dpdb mrfb zffrv jfstmf
ncy jvfv ubA durfslv mqlfsb dbrk rb.
YfVf djYc dbrk hAd wrDlD mpGflf tfH j'sv Kfsj, spmb nrDr rflDsn
hdBGk rsqsY.
, (.kZ
, ( ($ DA v( .4A ~( ($ DA v( .&. ( , 1 A\ , M( ?, A\_% q* (&M, $^% M( [ ( D( E0
$ DA '(v A% '(D ( % U( .&. )( ,81 ($ DA v( A`)A4( .kZ
, ( ($ DA v( .[&% ( ($ DA v( ,k% 3
(
. $ DA v( ^% 3
. !, .&. U( [ * 4% ( (
zffrv isK (durfsl) dbrk rWqf YfVf zfsvf nfk hAd wrDl rq; sio
svfso mxk hAd wrDl, Fcsh dosq mxk hAd wrDl, icdvdn svfso mxk hAd
wrDl, sisev svfso mxk hAd wrDl, icsV dosq mxk hAd wrDl, yfif isV
mxk hAd wrDl hQ sn mdrtfW wrDl sp nfb ianh jvsk dosq mfvf pfq.
39
(zfrmfl 23753, zfhc lfl 3113, bfnf 1846, rfsjm 1300, kfhfvfbD 1755,
nrDr zfhc lfl 2668bQ)
-----[q svfsov Ist mvB wrDslv mvB. (mfumfp pfWqfl 2/317, 5/ 301)
zbA j rflDsn snsY,
&( '.D?* , ', ),( . % * , ',"(( . % * , ',K% * (.'\( ,_[ %:'(" ($ DA '(v &( '.D?* , , "( (._\( , [ %:"(
.$ DA v(
sp hAd dbsuv mft v[f jvsk dosq dbrk rq sn wrDl, sp dbsuv
idvhfv v[f jvsk dosq dbrk rq sn wrDl, sp kfv dbsuv iafB v[f jvsk
dosq dbrk rq snW wrDl hQ sp dbsuv Db v[f jvsk dosq dbrk rq sn
wrDl. (zfhc lfl 4774, dkvdmpD 1421, bfnf 4095bQ)
nrDr rflDsn siamsvfso mxk svfoDsj wrDl htf rqdb. zfv jDHfsh sn
siamsvfso mxk hAd wrDlD mpGflf sisk ifsv, sp siam rt mrskv dwjG, sp
siasmv Ist rlq zffrv Hfstfhfnf W dpjXv sKsj wCbA rq hQ k]fsj sYsV
jub nxdv jfsY rlqfkf W Hfstfhfnf dbshlb jvf rq?
jDHfsh mrfbhD
mb hAfij jKf htsk ifsvb, zKy siamsvfoDv
zsbsj djswfsvv siasm isV dbsusj LQn jsv, sj znkDv siasm isV
dbsusj mxkAc v mcsJ sEst slq? kfvfW dj wrDlD mpGflf tfH jvsh? ef
rsk ifsv bf.
nckvfQ dyk bq sjfb fbD pchj-pchkDv, swaBDv zdhshyj mcIkDslv
Iskfqf sb zKhf mboVf hdBGk rflDn isV dbsusj hL siasmv siadmj
hfdbsq idvswsN zShL siam hf idvBfsmv dlsj zfiXsn odVsq iVf. (dhfdvk
} pflct mfzfl 4/352-356)
14. siasm siavBflfqj jKfvfdu

zhwA iaskAj jsmGv diYsb sjfb bf sjfb jfpGjfvB hf srkc Kfsj, Kfsj
sn jsmG cjfvD sjfb bf sjfb zsmfO hfBD. siam W Hfstfhfnf jsmG
siavBflfqj zsbj jKf swfbf W iVf rq. pfsk c rsq h siadmj siamlDdOsk siasmv il kctsk bfsm. kfv djYc dbmvi }** `siam zfsY hst ixdKhD k nclv!'
zhwA idh siam zfsY hst ixdKhD k nclv! jKfv v sjfb
zidh hf zShL siam bq.
** `siam hV zfbslv dudbn.'
40
zhwA idh siam hV zfbslv dudbn. lfikA W nQnfsv siam bf Kfjst

zfbl zfnsh sjfssj?
** `siam dyvncJ zfbqb jsv.'
jdh hstsYb,
`nfhfn hdt divDk-sbwf srkc kcdm njt ncsJv,
pk Hcdo svfso swfsj, hdlA kcdm njt lcsJv.'
zbA j jdh hstsYb,
`siam-Jfkfsk jhfv sp
dtdJqf dlqfsY bfmde kfv,
bf iasqfub soG kfrfv
bvj doqfsY lCsvv ifv!!'
jKfq sL]fjf JfWqf dyk bq. jfvB dhwjhD hstsYb,
`siasmv zfbl Kfsj Lc i[B,
siasmv shlbf Kfsj nm uDhb.'
** `siasmv mVf ust sFfsh bf.'
h siamhfu Lxvf siamjfsu zffrv msbfbDk bhDslvsjW wfdmt j'sv
dbsuslv lt HfvD j'sv sIstsY! zffrv jcvzfbsjW dmKAf hfdbsq kfvf
sosqsY,
`siasmv mVf ust sFfsh bfsiam jsvsY ncI bhD,
kfv siasm sufstJf dhdh sof---!'
hst kfvf kfslv jfu sp Jfvfi bq, kf iamfB jvfv mfbsn nDmfrDb
Lxkf iajfw jsvsY.
spmb nf bhD
-v nfLD mfkf mfvqAfmsjW kctbf jvf rsqsY
hfvfbfv nfsK! jdh hstb,
`zrtAf pdl mcd tsH mf, smvD rsk ifsv slhD,
skfmvfW sjb rsh bf iCuAf dhmt nkA sndh?!'
ifiD hfbfsbf rsqsY dbdhGyfsv njtsj. ubA htf rsqsY,
` ifi-mctsc j ifi jsvdbj sj zfsY icvN bfvD,
zfmvf skf Yfv; ifsi idt ifiDslv jffvD!
---zflm rsk wcv jsv buvt kjX nsh,
jm-shwD jsv ifsiv YcvDsk icsBA jsvsY ushr!'
zKy jKf zbAfbA LsmGv slhkfslv s[s nkA rstW nskAv jffvD
41
bhDosBv s[s sjhfsv dmKAf. nckvfQ sjfb djYc dbsq mhA jvfv iCshG
dhshybf jsv slJf uvvD sp, pfsj yfhcj tfofdY, zfslZ sn yfhcj JfWqfv
spfoA dj bf?
wcLc bhD bq, hvQ zffrv dIdvfslvsjW YfVf rqdb hAfifsv! jdh
hstsYb,
`--lc'dlsb zfkwD (?) sIsvf iafB dHdut mfdev vsn,
wIvD syfsJv yect yfkcvD hcsj lfo sjse hsn.
OfOvD Utdj' ofovD Ytdj' bfovD `sufrvf' pfqsoGv lCk mdut sn vsi, dhjft vfMf ifq!
zLv zfbfv vsn Fcsh sot slfusJv mfv HDdk,
mfdev snfvfrD mfbf rt zfcdv Jcsb dkdk!'
sjfKf sHsn sot nQpm h]fL, hfvsBv shVf ecse,
iafB Hsv disq mfdev mdlvf W ici icse!!'
Lvsbv h mufv oi wcdbsq swaBDv kKfjdKk mfbhkfhflD
bdkjkfv wvf dbsuslv ifisj ncswfdHk j'sv h mfbcNsj dhf j'sv
Kfsj.
mrfb zffr hstb,
{m.% "( . % ( ( h* *+Y, [n\[h (([p (4( ( ( ^( (% 0 0AB $c , , !, *+* (% * "( .uq U( *m} (
sp dhNsq skfmfv fb sb, sn dhNsq kcdm zbcmfb fvf idvyfdtk rsqf
bf. dbyq jBG, y[c W rlq -Wslv iaskAjdesj (jft djqfmsk) SjdIqk
dlsk rsh. (nCvf nvf 36 zfqfk)
jlf msmG sjfb j lsnG hhA vfJsk dosq htdYtfm `siasmv mVf ust
sFfsh bf'--- jKf Hct jKf.
kJb yeX j'sv jub htstb, `nAfv! zfdm slsJdY, efedbj dIsmv
siadmj-siadmjf ust Fcsh msvsY. zkh dbdyk Wef Hct jKf!'
zhwA Wslv swA dH rsk ifsv. zfv kf rt siasmv mvB hxKf bq, sn
mvBW nIt mvB, sn mvB wrDlD mvB.
dj `wrDl' rt zffrv dbje rsk iaf j dhvfe `mpGflf.' sn mpGflf
k]fv ndv isK dbsuv ufbsj jcvhfbD dlst---ksh tfH rq. dbsuv
jfmbf-hfnbf W msbv sJqft-JcwDv kfshlfvD j'sv jub nclvD tfsHv
isK uDhb dlst sn mpGflf zhwA ifWqf pfq bf.
** `siam-divDk uDhsbv nhdjYc.'
jdh hstsYb,
42
`divDdk bosv hndk jdvh divDsk h]fdLh Ov,

divDk zfib divDk ub kf dHb njt iv.'
jKf sjfb mcndtm htsk ifsv bf. jfvB kfv zfibub W zfkDq Kfsj
hQ zfkDqkfv hb dY jvf hL bq. mrfb zffrsj hfl dlsq zbA sj
hf zbA djYc kfv zfib rsk ifsv bf.
** `divDskv sbZjf ifrfsV yst.'
siasmv zfstf dbsq pfvf iK yst, Hsqv zjfv kfslv iK sKsj zfibfzfidb nsv pfq.
** `Hfstfhfnf zbAfq rst zfbk} dbdN bq sjb?'
** `cstv dnsthfsn siasmv vDdkbDdk dw[f slWqf rq sjb?'
** `dhwHfstfhfnf dlhn bfsm zfuGfdkj dlhn iftb jvf rq sjb?'
mcndtm rsq mb iaw skftf hV zfuh. kfoCkD zfsb djYc hL jvf rst
kf mcndtm mfbA jvsh sjb? mcndtm slJsh, ntfmD zfsb kf hL dj bf?
ntfmD zfb rt kfv uDhb-nQdhLfb.
** `siasmv nQnfv zfuDhb ncsJv rq. Hfstfhfnf j'sv shsY sbWqfv
nQnfv mLcv rq hQ zfuDhb fqD rq.'
zfvhD jdhW hstsYb,
.k
k S + ? & " LA U ` E U B
zKGf{, pdl kcdm siam bf jv hQ siam jD dudbn, kf bf shfU, kfrst ncJD
uDhsb skfmfv sjfb zQw sb.
zfmfslv slswv iafq 90 wkfQw lidkv nQnfv okfbcodkjHfsh n
j'sv dhsqv mfLAsm nQnfv ifsk hQ sjfb vjm siamjmG yfdtsq dhsqv
zfso sj zivsj ivD[f j'sv sbWqfv ncspfo oarB jsv bf. j kfslv
njstv nQnfv skf zncJD hf dk bq. hvQ zdLjfQw siasmv nQnfv
kfsnv Ov rq.
** `siam YfVf uDhb hxKf. pfslv rlsq siam sb kfslv rlq rt mvmq,
jvBfrDb.'
zfvhD jdh hstsYb,
P 4y " P :" 43Z :o? & " LA U ` E U B
zKGf{, pdl kcdm siam bf jv hQ siam jD dudbn, kf bf shfU, kfrst kcdm
jdEb w ifNfB rW.
zfv j jdh hstsYb,
43
N. &M p S 4$ % ( W? & " LA U ` E U B

zKGf{, pdl kcdm siam bf jv hQ siam jD dudbn, kf bf shfU, kfrst kcdm
W mvHCdmv ofLf nmfb.
zhwA jdhslv jKf nkA. pfslv rlsq jvBf W Hfstfhfnf sb, kfvf
ifNfB-rlq jsEfv. kfv mfsb zidh W sbfQvf siam bq. pfslv msb idh
siamW sb, pfvf dbsuslv Dv nfsK ycdesq siam jvsk ifsv bf, kfslv mb
zhwA mvmq siamrDb. nckvfQ jKfv zKG bq sp, dhsqv zfso
zShL iaBsq uVfsk rsh hQ dbdN siasmv tcsjfycdv sJtsk rsh.
HfstfhfnfrDb rlq zhwA mvmq. sp rlsq dikfmfkfv iadk Hfstfhfnf
sb, fmD hf D-nfsbv iadk Hfstfhfnf sb, dmnjDb-lcht
G slv iadk Hfstfhfnf
sb, nydvkfv iadk Hfstfhfnf sb, mfb-nmfb W nfmfduj mpGflfv iadk
Hfstfhfnf sb, idhkf, idvYkf, nkkf W nkDskv iadk Hfstfhfnf sb,
iafjxdkj snZlspGv iadk Hfstfhfnf sb, sn rlq dbyq jejmq.
hvQ njt Hfstfhfnf W mfqf-mmkfv sLG rt tXsmv iadk Hfstfhfnf.
nhsysq hV zbcvfo rt dw[fv iadk zbcvfo. iVf W stJf mb j sbwf,
pfsk mb fl W ncJ zfsY, sp fl W ncJ mlAifqD kfv mlAifsb hQ siadmj
kfv siam-tDtfq ifq bf. mfm wfsIqD (vfdrmffr) zKhf kfu nchjD sn
fl W zbcvfo kKf kf dbsq zfbslv jKf jdhkfq iajfw j'sv hstsYb,
A k X= A\% :" > n8 & q _ 4DM
E N h :" Z DU p
>" 4)4
zKGf{, nclvDv dmtb W zfdtb zsi[f tXm idv jvfv ubA zfmfv
ufovB shdw ncflc.
tXsmv Jfkfv ifkfq zfmfv jtsmv w mfkft W siadmsjv (sbwf)
zsi[f shdw mLcmq.
hvQ nhfv yfsk swa Hfstfhfnf, nhfv yfsk mpGflfni Hfstfhfnf,
nhfv yfsk ijfvD Hfstfhfnf, nhfv yfsk nclv Hfstfhfnf, nhfv yfsk
idviCBG Hfstfhfnf, nhfv yfsk nfItAmq Hfstfhfnf rt mrfb iadkiftsjv
Hfstfhfnf. njt idh Hfstfhfnf Hfstfhfnfv wfJf-iawfJf.
15. lfWqfk W drlfqfk lfb
zsbj Dsbv Jfslm, DbD Hf-shfb lfWqfskv mqlfsb jfu jsvb.
zk}iv zsbsj sj zsbAv iadk zfjx rsq isVb. ef fHfdhj. mrfb
zffr bfvD-icvsNv mfsU iajdx kok zfjNGB nxd jsvsYb. kfv iv
44
zdkdv nlXB Kfjst mb Hfhk zfjx rq. jKfq hst, `sj skf
bfdysq-hcdV, kfv isv sTfstv kcdV.'
`sysb kfrf siam, ufsb wcLc iafB,
sjfKf rsk zfsn k zjfvsB
iafsB iafsB shlbfv efb.'
ilGf Kfjst jD rsh? ifwfifdw WEf-hnf, jKf htf, dydEv zflfb-ialfb
kAfdlv bjeA mb idvshw kdv jsv sp, kfsk zfsn Hfstfhfnfv dmd
zfshw. zfv lfWqfkD mqlfsb zdkdv sjfb iadkHf hf hdwA Kfjst skf
htsk rsh bf. `sj dodv sofhLGb, kfsr ncswfdHk hb, kfsr zfv y]fldbqf
vfdk.'
nckvfQ v rq sq, zfv sq sKsj dhsq. kfviv zsbj siadmj mb
dkrfn osV dbsuv nfIf sosq ohG j'sv hst, `jub zmcndtmsj
mcndtm hfbftfm.' `jubsj nrDr zfjDlfq dIdvsq zfbtfm.'
dj ufdb bf, kf zffrv ubA hQ jde mfbcNsj ufrffm sKsj v[f
jvfv ubA, bfdj dbsuv siam-jfmbf ydvkfKG jvfv ubA?
Hfsh zsbj siadmj ovDh-jbAfsj uDhb-ndbD hfdbsq hst, `jub
ovDhsj fv jvtfm.'
dj ufdb bf, kf nkA fsvv ubA, bfdj dbsuv Hfstfhfnfsj zdbhGfB
jvfv ubA hQ siasm sI]sn dosq dbsusj fv bf jvsk ifvfv ubA?
mrfbhD hstsYb,
, ,&'.ML( (, '1 *' AB . '.U4( 3
% K, %'( h* %:'( ?* (&'( '(" 4A "% , ( 0AB (,=0 x !, . ( % *W ( 0AB))
. '.U4( 3
% DA ?* '(DP
. 0 O( _()( X * 4( '%" % * D( . , ). ( % . , . U.4( 3
% K, %( h* %:"( (, ,&.ML( (, 1 * AB . U.4( 3
% DA ?*
.((, % * AB 4( P
( K( "( * AB
pfhkDq jfpG dbqk hf nQjsiv iv dbHGvwDt. zfv mfbcsNv ubA kf
iafiA rsh, pfv sn dbqk jvsh. zkh sp hAdv druvk (slwkAfo)
zffrv (nsfN tfsHv) sswA W kf]v vnCstv ubA rsh; kfv druvk
zffr W kf]v vnCstv ubA rsh. zfv sp hAdv druvk ifdKGh nil
zuGb djQhf sjfb mdrtfsj dhhfr jvfv sswA rsh, kfv druvk sp
nQji dbsq jvsh, kfv ubA rsh. (hcJfvD 1bQ, mcndtm 1907bQ)
16. dhji hAhf oarB
fmD y dwd[k. ksh yfjdv bf sisq yfNhfn jsv. dkb-dkbde smsq.
kfslvsj iVfhfv ubA iafsHe deev svsJsY. jdlb mfE sKsj dIsv sn
45
slsJ smsq dkbde jff jvsY. `jD sv? mf sjfKfq sot?' ùfdb bf.' `zfu
mfefv zfsndb?' `bf.'
sldv rsk sJ]fu dbsq slJf sot, D deesvv nfsK yie dlsqsY. dj
sjb smsq iafsHe mfefsvv nfsK 3 nfb svsJ ifdtsq sot?
rf cstv deyfv. ct lCv rWqfv ubA nfrfs jhfv hfdV zfsnb. DW
dwd[kf. k]fslv jde nfbW zfsY se isV.
hfdVsk vfudmdv jfu ytdYt. srF dmd zbA ufdkv. khcW mfefv
mwfq hfdV dIsv slJstb, k]fv dwd[kf W mfduGkf D dHb ufskv dmdv
ns itfqb jsvsY!
sjb dwd[kf mdrtf dwd[k yfjdv-Wqftf fmD sYsV jub dHb
ufskv nfmfbA jub vfudmDv nfsK yie dlt?
dwd[k nmfsu pdl mb rq, kfrst zdwd[k nmfsu sjmb rsh?
snfbfrfv bfsmv j mdrtf nfLfvB ovDh yfND Osvv h dYt. jsqj mfsnv
msLA ifswv hfdVv j pchsjv nfsK Hfstfhfnf j'sv ifdtsq sot!
zsbj iahfnDv mb Oebf swfbf pfq. lDOG nmq iv hfdV dIsv slsJ, kfv
h Jb zsbAv h rsq Ov-nQnfv jvsY!
sjb fmD Kfjsk iv-icvNsj siam dbshlb j'sv ofsY,
`zfdm sIfef softfi sv hc
sofef hfsov mfsU,
sKsj sKsj vi sp zfmfv
zivif nfsu sv hc
zivif nfsu.
hfsov mftD bfsv hc
Jfdt zfsY hfo,
snZvH zfmfv soZvh Hsv
hst, zfv jsvf bf vfo sv hc
zfv jsvf bf vfo.
mb sp zfmfv fLDb rt
sn lDb rsk zfu,
sofib hc n sr hn
jv mLcsk dhvfu sv hc
jv mLcsk dhvfu.'
46
hAfifv jD? njt Oebfv jfvB dhswNB jvst jfdLj jfvB busv
zfnsh. dj sp jfvBde buv jfVsh, snde rt dhji ncJ W Hfstfhfnfv iK
zhtb, zsi[fjxk shdw ncJ W Hfstfhfnfv hfnbf.
jfvB rqskf kfv fmD iYl dYt bf.
fmDv sjfb hV de dYt.
fmDv sjfb wJ-zfrtfl dYt bf.
nfusofu iYl jvk bf.
fmDv hAhrfv rqskf Hfstf dYt bf.
fmDv hAhrfsv dmkf W Hfstfhfnf dYt bf.
fmD ok hf rkspZhb dYt. fmDv spZb-[mkf rqskf ddmk rsq sn
dYt. Ist spZb[cLf lCv jvfv jf iasqfub dYt.
Hfsh fmD n slq bf zKhf jfsY Kfsj bf. dhslsw Kfsj zKhf kftfj
dlsqsY zKhf mfvf sosY.
zsbj icvN h Kfjsk siam jsv, jfdLj dhhfr jsv. sjb h Kfjsk
h zfsb Osv?
rqskf Dv hAhrfsv dmkf W Hfstfhfnf dYt bf.
rqskf spZb-dmtsb pKfKGHfsh nfVf dlk bf.
rqskf kfv zfyvsB svfmfnX dYt bf.
smfsev iv jKf, rfdvsq pfWqf Hfstfhfnfv fl dIdvsq sisk mfbcN
dhji iK shsY sbq. idvBfsmv Hfstf-ml djYc bf hcsU mb dnf oarB
j'sv sIst. jfvB uDhsbv ncJ W kxdsj iCBG mffq isHfo jvsk yfq.
spef mfbcsNv iajdx kok yfdrlf, kf smefsk rq. rftftHfsh bf rst mfbcN
rfvfsmv isK if hfVfq. fHfdhjHfsh bf rst dhji hAhf oarsBv mfsU
iajdx kv diifnf dbhfvB jvsk yfq.
kcdm jv, kf zfdm jdv. iadkswfL dbsk zsbj nmq fmD ivjDqf siasm
isV, D isV zbA icvsNv siasm. spmb v, skmb ld[Bf. dee Iv efe.
zsbj nmq mfbcN Hfstfhfnfv mcJ slJsk ifq bf. njt nmq sn js Kfsj,
lc}sJ Kfsj. zk}iv sn lrb-pBf sKsj mcd sisk yfq. spmb sj
mv-iafsv diifnfq j z]futf ifdb sisk yfq.
sjfbW jfvsB mf-hfi Hfstfhfsn bf.
mf-hfhfv dlbvfk bfbf UoVf-Ufsmtf Hfstf tfso bf.
Hf-HfhDv nQnfsv j ifq.
mfmf-yfyfv hfdVsk mfbcN rsk dosq zkAfyfdvkf rq.
47
dblGq n{-hfi hf n{-mfsqv nQnfsv dbiDdVkf rq.

zKhf zbA sjfb zfwasq tfdkf rq.
kJb sn jef iK sJ]fsu. sp isK sn Hfstfhfnf ifsh. sj kfv jlv
jvsh. sj kfsj rfk Lsv fv jvsh. jKf sjfb pchj ufbsk hQ
sjfb iajfv nrfbcHdC k iajfw jvsk idvBfsmv jKf bf sHsh kfsj mbiafB nh dlsq sIst.
17. dydhsbflb
zsbsj siam jsv, siam jvf hf Hfstfhfnfv ubA bq, siasm nIt rsq dhsq
jvfv ubA bq, hvQ dydhsbflb jvfv ubA. vf siam jsv hc hfdbsq, vf
hst siam jvf mfsb dhsq jvf bq. nfmdqjHfsh zfsmfl-iasmfl, dqfsjZkcj
W zfkdhsbflb jsv. jec-zfLec muf j'sv efm ifn jsv!
j hYsv dkb dkb zfkDsqv dhsq, zhwA dkb nmsq. mf-hfsiv zflcvD
smsq, sn pfsh dhsqsk. ns pfsh yfyfskf shfb W sheX s. spJfsb
sot snJfsb zflcvD jub pchsjv nfsK udmsq hck jvt. yfyfskf shfb
dYt nfF drsvfb. sn zhfj rsq zflcvDsj dufnf jvt, `kc spJfsb
pfn, snJfsb jef j'sv sYst spfdosq dbsq siam jdvn. idvswsN jfsj
kc oarB jvdh?'
zflcvD sv htt, `W nh kc hcUdh bf. efm-ifn. uDhbefsj isHfo
jvdY. djYc zfbl-IcdkG zfv dj? sYfe sYfe dhVft Yfbfstf dbsq sJtf
jvsk jk Hfstf tfso ufdbn? skmdb zfdm Wslv nfsK sJtf jdv, nfmdqj
sJtf. h]flv bfyf zflv jdv. Jch Hfstf tfso. siam jvf mfsb dhsq jvf
bq!'
---kfrst jKfW skf dbn, stfsj jk jKf hst, skfsj Jfvfi hst.
---htsk ifsv. zfmfv jD? zfv ufdbn skf? `Hfstfhfnfv muf dwjfvDv
mskf. dwjfv kfVf bf jvst dwjfsv muf zfsn bf.'
r]Af, j swaBDv pchj-pchkD mbW zfsY. kfvf siasmv zdHbq jsv zKhf
ndkAndkA siam j'sv uDhbefsj isHfo jsv. swN hqsn jefsj ysqn
j'sv djYc dlsbv ubA nQnfv jsv. dhsq bf j'svW nQnfv rq, dhsqv isvW
siam yst. nmnAf jD? kfslv jfsY siam, sn siam bq. kfvf LsmGv hfLf mfsb
bf, nmfsuv nmfstfybf hf zdHHfhsjv wfnb sjqfv jsv bf. kfrst jfsvf
syfJ-vfMfdb nsh sjb? slswv lqfhfb nvjfv sp kfslv nfsK zfsY.
dj mcndtm kf jvsk ifsv bf. mcndtm ufsb zShL siam jvf ShL bq.
jfsj sL]fjf slWqf hL bq. zShL djYc dbsq dydhsbflb jvf hL bq.
48
mb siam-sJtf dhVft hf h]flv-sJtf bq, hvQ nfi-sJtf, ut zfb

dbsq sJtf. zfv kfsk efm-ifn jvf bq, hvQ nmsqv ziyq jvf, nmq b
jvf. zfv sJtfv idvBfm zhwA H bq.
18. zfbcjvB
sp z hf lchGt rq, sn zfbcjvB jsv. dbsuv hcdsk bf yst isvv hcd
oarB jsv. dbsuv sn [mkf bf KfjstW isvv slJfsldJ nfrn j'sv siam
jsv.
smsq zbcjvB jsv mfsqv, of sB dO, mf sB dU. zfef sB vde, mf sB
shde.
zKhf shfb shfsbv zbcjvB jsv. UcdVv jef zfsist iyb Lvst ifswv
zfsitdtW Jfvfi rsk v jsv.
zKhf hc hcv zbcjvB jsv. j hc siam jvst, kfv siadmj Kfjst
hcv hf Kfjsh bf sjb?
zsbj pchj zbcjvB jsv kfv hfsiv. `sp mskf sjflft rsh, sn mskf
yfi, sn mskf shef rsh, sp mskf hfi.'
zKhf Hf Hfsqv zbcjvB jsv.
zbA zfkDqsj dbu siasmv idKjx{ msb jsv. zKhf zsbAv siamjDdkGsj
dbsuv siasmv ltDt LfvBf jsv. kfskf dw[f dlsk sost hst, `zmcj
jsvsY, skf zfdm jvst slfN jD? dbsuv Ov nfmtfWso! kcdm dj skfmfv
shdev hAfifsv oAfvfde dlsk ifvsh?' kAfdl.
kfvf zbcjvB jsv idvshswv. sp idvhfsvv nhf siadmj-siadmjf, snJfsb
lc-jub dj hfl Kfjsh? hfi shefsj, Hf Hfsj, mf shdesj, shfb shfbsj
siasm wfhfw dlsY. slswv zfsb hfLf sb, {nfr zfsY. iayfv
mfLAmdtsk c W {nfr zfsY. sofef idvshw siam-Hfstfhfnfv dn
snZvsH mfskfqfvf.
pchj zbcjvB jsv dIsmv bfqsjv, pchkD zbcjvB jsv bfdqjfv. zKhf
sjfb ibAfsnv bfqj-bfdqjfv. siasmv s[s j jub dbu dbu
iYlmskf j j dIm hf ibAfsnv bfqj-bfdqjfsj msFt hf zflwG
hfdbsq siamsj zfdosq dbsq pfq. dhsqv s[sW dEj j eft Kfsj.
spsrkc sp zfbl kfvf jfidbj uoskv dImX slsJ hf ibAfn isV
sisqsY, sn zfbl hfh uDhsb isHfo jvsk yfq!
49
Lc kf bq, hvQ siasm hfLf iVst sn FftoW UfsV, pf kfvf sb Kfsj

hf isV Kfsj. `diqfv djqf skf Fvbf djqf, dlt dlqf rAfq u]f HD sls, siam
jsvdY shw jsvdY jvh skf jvh skf. siam jvf zivfL bq.'
zfdm hdt, dbfrfvf hc zfmfv! sLfjf sJsqf bf zdkvdk ibAfn W
dImD-lcdbqfv svfmfdej dhdH siam-jfdrbD isV W wcsb. `siam zdbhGfB'
jKf nkA rstW skfmfv siam sp vi dhvt W svfmfdej rsh kfv dbyqkf
sjfKfq? kcdm skf icvN. icvsNv mk mbsj nht jv hQ dbsusj `drsvf'
jvfv syf jsvf bf. bsy{ zdysv `dusvf' rsq dbsy sbsm pfsh.
i[fsv pdl sjfb nclvD skfmfsj zpfdykHfsh siam dbshlb jsv, khcW
kcdm dbsusj snZHfoAhfb msb jsv mb `]lvc -mfvf jt'- if dlsqf bf.
bsy{ siadmj jdh rWqfv hlst dbsuv iadkHf rfdvsq hnsh.
ifyfkA nHkfv z zbcjvB j'sv `sq jsv dhsq' zKGf{ idvyq sKsj
iaBq hQ iaBq sKsj idvBq rWqfv jKf HfhY? mb dhhfrsj ìYl jsv
dhhfr' bfm dlstW zfnst kf rt svfiDq `sjfeGwDi' iaKf. pf sjfb
mcndtsmv ubA ShL W swfHbDq bq. nCslv bfm idvhkGb jsv `tHAfQw'
htst spmb nCl rftft rq bf, dEj skmdb dhsqv zfso zShL iaBsq sI]sn,
syfJ, rfk, duH, if W spZbfsv hAdHyfv jsv dhdH ivD[f-dbvD[fv iv
dhsq jvfsj `tfH-mAfsvu' hf ìYl jsv dhsq' bfm dlst kf rftft rsq
pfq bf. ntfm iYl j'sv dhsqsj dhdLh jsvsY hQ dhsqv zfso jsbsj
jhfv slsJ dbsk zbcmdk dlsqsY dEj, dj dhsqv zfso rlsqv zflfbialfsbv mfLAsm siam nxdv ubA hv-jsbv rfsk sFfv sYsV slqdb. spmb
Hsqv msLA jfsvf kfv dhhfsr znmdk Kfjst sufviChGj dhhfr-hbsj
ntfm zbcsmflb W Djxdk slq bf.
zfnt jKf rt, zfLcdbj pcsov ifyfskAv zdHw rfWqf zsbj mcndtm
pchj-pchkDv mfsUW h dw[f-iadkfb W dnsbmf-uoskv mfLAsm sn
isVsY. kf idymD jfqlfq kfvf dbsuslv nQnfv osV skftfv iCshG mb
spZbfyfv W Hfstfhfnfsj jef ShL W nHA IAfwb hst hvB j'sv dbsqsY.
zKy ifyfkA nmfu, spJfsb `tfH-mAfsvu' YfVf zdHHfhjslv zdHkft ifsq hQ wvqD lCvldwGkfv lxdHd dbsq dhhfr smfse rq bf htst
yst. spZb-fLDbkfv sn tfofm-YfVf slsw lfikA-uDhb sp jk dk W
uftfmq, kf zsbj mfbcN ufsb bf.
ifyfkA nHAkfq zfbcfdbj dhhfr kctbfmCtjHfsh Jch jm rq. zfv
specjc rq snecjc hV lDOG zdHkf W slr-mb slWqf-sbWqfv iv rq! hc-
50
hfhDvsi hfn jvsk jvsk 35/40 hYv hqsn si]ZsY dhhfr-hsb zfh
rq. sj rq, sj rq bf. sj seeX jvsk jvsk uDhb zdkhfdrk jsv
sIst; iYl zfv rsq WsE bf. zfsmdvjfv vjm j hsvv hqn 94
hQ jsbv hqn 93 hYv. lDOG iafq j wkfD jft Lsv hck W j
zivsj hcsU sbWqfv iv kfvf sndlb dhhfdrk nQnfv-uDhsb iashw
jvt! zfv kfvf jKfW iajfw jvt sp, kfslv hfnv (?!) vfk dYt
uDhsbv nhsysq tf (?) W mLcvkm vfk! (zfp-dpWqfu idjf, diat-ucb
1998, 25ix})
fLDbkfjfmD hc zfmfv! mb Sbdkjkf W wftDbkf-hduGk fLDbkfsj

iaodk sHsh hsnf bf. jfvB, ef rt kfslv lcoGdkmq zsLf}odk.
19. sYstsmsqv iadk zdk dhwfn

zsbj zdHHfhj zfsY, pfvf dbsuslv sYstsmsqslv iadk shdw mffq
dhwfn vfsJ. pfv Ist kfvf LfvBf jsv, kfslv sYstsmsqvf sjfb sbfQvf jfu
jvsk ifsv bf. zShL sjfb siam-iaBsq uVfsk ifsv bf. kfvf LfvBf jsv,
jKf htst sj siasm udVsq pfq bf. j nfsK WEf-hnf jvst siam rsq
pfq bf.
ilGfv dhLfb bf mfbfv jef jcIt zShL nijG osV WEf. dj zsbsj
ilGf mfsb mfKfq jfiV slWqf shfsU hQ syrfvf slJfsbf ufsqspv Iskfqf
dbsq shofbfv nfsK WEf-hnf jsv. zdHHfhjvf kf jvsk ncspfo slq.
nckvfQ ofsq-mfKfq jfiV svsJ kfvf shofbfv nfsK spfofspfo v[f j'sv
yst. shfvjfv dHksvW kfslv ydvrDbkfv yvjf dbu odksk Ocvsk Kfsj.
sn nfsK zdHHfhjvf kfslv sYstsmsqslv hAfifsv idviCBG zff W dhwfn
vfsJ. kfvf Hfsh, zfmfslv sYstsmsqvf swaBDv sjfb sbfQvf jfsu uVfsk
ifsv bf. ncLfvBf svsJ bhD -v rflDnsjW hcsVf zfct slJfq hQ
wqkfsbv iastfHb W iasvfybfv hAfifsv kfslvsj dbvfil LfvBf jsv.
mrfbhD hstsYb,
.((. * %E0 ( D( (, g( ( h* 1mB X* 4( "% !, $\P
. L( 0[ (&y
% )( m m* ))
pJb sjfb icvN sjfb mdrtfv nfsK dbuGbkf zhtb jsv, kJb
wqkfb kfslv kxkDq nfKD (sjfebf) rq. (nrDr dkvdmpD 934bQ, bfnfv jchvf
9219, hfrfjD 13904, rfsjm 387, 390, kfhfvfbD 561bQ)
'() *+'%", [(' (.((A0 ' (4'%3"( %c[h, '(Z* %:'," A43
% )( ( * %E0 0A?* , ( ~, . & (* .3,U( *))
.((c*M% *W?* , %*( >,( ( * ( 1 0:o, *> (x", )) (:( * , 1 &( .ML(
51
skfmvf mb mdrtfslv dbje omb jsvf bf, pfslv fmD hkGmfsb idk
sb. jfvB wqkfb skfmfslv iaskAsjv v-dwvfq iahfdrk rq. zfmvf
httfm, `sr zffrv vnCt! zfv zfibfv?' dkdb htstb, zfmfvW. ksh
zffr kfv dhvs zfmfsj nfrfpA jsvsYb, kf zfdm dbvfil Kfdj.
(zfrmfl 14324, dkvdmpD, hsb mfufr 1779, nrDr dkvdmpD 935bQ)
jlf mrfbhD htstb,

: (' (& *' % * ( )% 4( ?* * : LA ( % *R( :", $\P
. L( ( q* ?* (( ! ,N ( x &( ( * .5n (%c[h )0 AB ))
. (( ! .&% * & . % * ))
skfmvf (shofbf) bfvDslv dbje (jfjD) pfWqf sKsj dhvk Kfj. (
jKf sb) uSbj zfbnfvD dbshlb jvt, `fmDv zfkDq nisjG zfibfv
zdHmk jD?' dkdb htstb, fmDv zfkDq skf mxkAc nm (dhibj).
(hcJfvD 5232, mcndtm 2172, dkvdmpD 1171 bQ)
dj syfvf bf swfsb LmG-jfdrbD. Ist sYstsj kfv HfhDv nfsK jfjD

sYsV slq. smsqsj kfv slftf-Hfsqv nfsK jfdjbD sYsV slq. slftfHfsqv dJlmsk kfv hfdV ifEfq. yfyfskf-mfmfskf-Jftfskf-IcIfskf Hf
hQ ifVf hf oafm nisjGv Hf-shfbslvsj zfsifsn smtfdmwf jvsk zhfL
ncspfo slq.
smsqsj nrifEDv nfsK, iafsHe deesvv nfsK, kfv hq-ssv nfsK (?),
sYstv zKhf ufmfsqv hcv nfsK, slfjfblfsvv nfsK, jAfsmvfmAfsbv nfsK,
Hfsov nfsK, Hfsifv nfsK, vfudmDv nfsK, hf hfdVv sjfb jfsuv sYstv
nfsK jfs sYsV slq.
mfm nfsrh hf kfstsh tXsmv Jfhfv siw jvsk kvBD smsqsj ifEfq.
sjfb zfkDqv dJlmk jvsk smsqsj dbpc jsv. sjbbf, kfslv dbsuslv
sYstsmsqslv iadk Hvnf zfsY, dhwfn zfsY. kfvf mb sjfb jfu jvsk
ifsv bf, pfsk kfslv hf kfslv hQswv mpGflf [cB rq. zfv v dbyqkf
kfvf `tWsr mfrICp' sKsj sisq Kfsj! nckvfQ dLjX wk dLjX mb
zdHHfhjslv iadk.
mrfbhD hstsYb,
.\'.P40 ( , ',_0 , L( %:'( $. '("( (L . (" j : , _0 , L( %:( $.% "( %c[o[h ( (L %c[o[h ))
'(D_, 0 , L( %:'( t=* .% '("(' (DP
, % (,% !( S t=( , (L [ * 4% * ( , _, 0 , L( %:( $. "( (, ,K S (L
.(( , _, 0 , L( %:( $.% "( ( (L %c[o[h ( , _, 0 , L( %:( $.% "( (,V, x M " S (L ., b
* (
52
iadkde mfbcN lfdqkwDt. nckvfQ iaskAsj zhwA kfv zLDbslv

lfdqkwDtkfv dhNsq dufdnk rsh. slswv wfnj ubosBv lfdqkwDt. sn
kfv lfdqkwDtkfv hAfifsv uhfhdlrD jvsh. icvN kfv idvhfsvv
lfdqkwDt. zkh sn kfv lfdqkwDtkfv dhNsq dufdnk rsh. D kfv
fmDoxsrv lfdqkwDtf. jfsu sn kfv lfdqkwDtkf dhNsq dufdnkf rsh.
lfn kfv iaHvc nislv lfdqkwDt. sn hAfifsv dufdnk rsh. skfmvf
iaskAsj lfdqkwDt hQ iaskAsj dbu dbu zLDbsv lfdqkwDtkfv
hAfifsv dufdnk rsh. (hcJfvD 893, 2409, 5188 iaHdx k, mcndtm 4828bQ)
A\K% * %:( (\P
. 40 *( W% )( _0Z
( (^0
( %* *+,( * p, Z
( .V ( 4% _(M% 0 ( (L 0\[h $\a, M( ( 1 0AB))
.((, _, % !(
zffr kfzftf iaskAj v[jsj kfv v[Bfsh[B nisjG hQ iaskAj
kfhLfqj W zdHHfhjsj kfv kfhLfb W zdHHfhjk nisjG iaw
jvshb. pKfKG dj kfvf kfslv jkGhA iftb jsvsY, zKhf zhsrtf srkc kf
dhb jsvsY? (bfnf 9174 , hsb drfb 4492, n} ufsm'1774bQ)
dj lc}sJv dhNq sp, kfvf rflDn dhwfn jvfv yfsk shdw dhwfn jsv
kfslv sYstsmsqslvsj.
zhwA sj nh djYc susbsb Yfjxk Odesq slWqfv ts[A sYsV dlst
njt LmG-jfdrbD kfslv sjfb jfsu tfosh bf. jfvB, kfslv mb hst, Òse
skf Ose pfj, ise skf ise pfj. zfv iB-spZkcsjv pcso dhbf iqnfq dhsqef
tfso skf stso pfj.'
dj mbW skf rsk ifsv sp, Òse sot, ise sot, dj dhsqv bse hcdVsq
sot.'
20. iYl j'sv dhsq
dbsu iYl j'sv dhsq jvf zKGf{, siam-Hfstfhfnf j'sv dhsq jvfv
sjfeGdwi iaKf qflD-dJaefbslv, pfvf rlsqv zflfb-ialfb jvfv mfLAsm
sj zisvv seeX ivD[f dbsq dhsq ivD[fq ifw jvsk yfq.
ntfsmv vDdk ef bq sp, smsq dbsu hv J]u
c sh. zdHHfhsjv zbcmdk
YfVf sn dbsuv Yfmskf dhsq jvsh.
`smsqmfbcN,
rlqkfsiv Hfsi Hvf Ifbcn.
uDhb jef jdEb nfLb, sb sn Wslv fb.'
53
jub zbdH djswfvDv is[ icvN dybsk ifvf nru hAfifv bq. ilGfv
dHksv sKsj bfvD icvN dbhGfyb jvsh, snefW hV jdEb jfu.
ubA ifsv nfb zfbsh zdHHfhj. zhwA kfv mfsb bq sp,
smsqv sjfb mkfmskv iasqfub sb. sjfb dhsqsk smsqv nmdk bf Kfjst
dhhfr hfdkt, spmb zdHHfhj nmk bf rst dhhfr hfdkt. smsqvW iYlziYslv vk zfsY. ksh Hfsh Hfstfhfnf j'sv sj zivsj hcsU
sbWqfv zbcmdk sb. jfvB rt bdkj zh[sqv jef hV dYiK.
dj lc}sJv dhNq sp, Wvf nCslv bfm dlsqsY `befsve', shwfAv bfm
dlsqsY, `spZbjmGD', mslv bfm dlsqsY `vsrv sJfvfj', uvfqc-fLDbkfv bfm
dlsqsY `bfvD-fLDbkf', skmdb zShL Hfstfhfnf j'sv dhsq jvfv bfm
dlsqsY ìYl j'sv dhsq'!!! spb dhsNv dFfv ofsq stshst `mLc' dtsJ
zivfLsj sofib jvfv iaqfn.
zfv dhufdkv sn yejlfv bfsm sL]fjf sJsq mcndtmvfW mLcv bfsm dhN
nfbsl otL}jvB j'sv ystsY.
mrfbhD hstsYb,
k'( 4A % P
. ?, [&5
( (& % * _0Z
( (L,8!, (L, (4 % E, !, 4% v, %c[o,% * %:", (:),81 ( :(M( 0:. , _0_(*
. %:( ?* ( * (L ( 0 &( (.D( , 1 &( .ML( )( ( [ . %cK. &. _.% (U0*m
zhwA skfmvf skfmfslv iChGhkGD ufdkv iK zbcnvB jvsh dhOk-dhOk
hQ rfk-rfk (nm) idvmfB. mbdj kfvf pdl sof-nfsiv (nff)v oskG
iashw jsv, kfrst skfmvfW kfslv diYsb diYsb pfsh. (hQ kfslv sj
pdl vffv iv iajfswA nm jsv, kfrst skfmvfW kf jvsh!) nfrfhfoB
htstb, `sr zffrv vnCt! zfidb dj qfl W bfnfvfv zbcjvB jvfv jKf
htsYb?' dkdb htstb, ksh zfhfv jfv? (hcJfvD 3456, 7320, mcndtm
6952, rfsjm, zfrmfl, nrDt ufsm' 5067 bQ)
zfv nfrfhD pfIfr dhb zft-qfmfbW ndEj hstsYb, `skfmvf

zhwA skfmfslv iChhkDG ufdkv iKvfduv zbcnvB jvsh uckfv idvmfsiv
mk (icvficdv Jfsi-Jfsi), skfmvf iK Hct jvsh bf hQ kfvfW skfmfslvsj
(ns jvsk) Hct jvsh bf. mbdj kfvf pdl wcj zKhf bvm ifqJfbf Jfq
kfrst skfmvfW kf (kfslv zbcnvsB `db IAfwb' msb jsv) Jfsh!' (zftdhlf zbXbfrXqAc zfbrf, hsb zppfrX 71ix}, kfbhDr dtt zfhnfv 172 ix})
54
21. hfoXlfb hf bsousme

deW jde dhufkDq iaKf. sk bfbf zbcfb-nr jsbv zfcst zfQde
ivfsbf rq hQ sn zfQdesj HfH zsbj djYc msb jvf rq. zfv kfv
iv rsk jsb hsvv ubA `bsou' rsq pfq. zfv msb jvf rq, v iv
rsk kfvf zfsifsn zhfsL slJf-nf[f{, pfWqf-zfnf, jsKfijKb, dbuGbkf
zhtb kAfdl jvsk ifvsh. rlsqv zflfb-ialfb jvsk ifvsh.
Hfstfhfnfv mk-dhdbmq jvsk ifvsh. sj zivsj hcsU dbsk ifvsh. zfv
dhsq skf rsh, jKf msb svsJ sqW jvsk ifvsh!
h lDOG nmq bf rstW dhsq bf rWqf ipG Hqsj Hfstfhfnf jvfv ncspfo
slWqf rq. Hsqv idvhfv kfslv hAfifsv dbdy Kfsj. zhwA sj
ivD[fv zfso svufsev zfwf jsv bf.
zKy ntfmD wvDqsk zfjXl (dhsq iVfsbf)v zfso ipG swaBDv
sjfb jfu jvf hL bq. zhwA dhsqv zfso hv jsbsj j buv slsJ dbsk
ifsv. dj ifyfkA-sONf dhufkDv zfbcjvBjfvD y ipGfsqv stfsjvf
spmb `hfKG-sF ifdeG' jvsk zpKf zKGhAq j'sv Kfsj, skmdb zsKGv zihAq
Oefq bsousme zbcfsb. rqskf kfvf LfvBf jsv nshv sjfb drnfh
tfosh bf kfslvsj. kfslvsj mrfbhD -v nkjGhfBD sjfb iajfv
nkjG jvsk ifsv bf. dkdb hstsYb,
.(((L ( 0 !, m( ,&.D( !, &.D0E( U( *m (4A % ~( !, ( 0E( U( %:"( 0", (% * ))
sn hAd zfmfv ltHc bq, sp hAd zfmfslvsj sYsV zbA jfsvf
nflxwA zhtb jsv. skfmvf lDslv nflxwA zhtb jsvf bf, zfv
dJaefbslvW nflxwA zhtb jsvf bf. (dkvdmpD 2695bQ, kfhfvfbD, dntdntfr
nrDrfr 2194bQ)
. %cD. % ", &( D. ?* &% q* !, ( 0E( U( %:"(

sp hAd sp ufdkv nflxwA zhtb jsv, sn hAd sn ufdkv
ltHc. (zfhC lfl 4033, kfhfvfbDv zfnfk pfIfr jkxjG , nrDt ufsm'
6149bQ)
22. dhhfsr sldv

zShL siam-Hfstfhfnf nxd rWqfv jde jfvB dhhfsr sldv jvf. iVfswfbf
swN srfj, yfjdv srfj, dbsuv ifsq l]fVfj kAfdl Wuv dlsq dhsqsk sldv
jsv zsbj zdHHfhj hQ zbcvi zsbj sYstsmsq. smsqv yfjdv rst
kfv shkb fmD sHfo jvsh, kf kfv shksbv stfsH kfv dhsq dlsk sldv
55
jsv zdHHfhj. Wdlsj sYstv msb bfvDv sbwf hQ smsqv msb icvsNv
sbwf Lsv hsn. iv sn jKfv sJqft bf svsJ dhhfsr sldv j'sv kfslv hqn
zsbj shdw j'sv sIst. zfv kfv Ist It rq dhivDk. msbv dHksv
zbcnfb W sbwf Kfjst OcvisK nfmsb pfsj ifq, kfsj zhtb drnfsh
oarB j'sv sbq hQ sn rsq pfq sofib Hfstfhfnfv if hf ifD. pfv nfsK
dydhsbflb jvf rq hQ dhsqv Wqflf j'sv sqW jvf pfq. zfv sn Wqflf
jJsbf iCvB rq, jJsbf rq bf. mfUJfb sKsj bDdk-bdkjkf dhbfwiaf rq,
hvQ kf rq, pf nfLfvBk} zShL siasmv dmnjDbslv rsq Kfsj.
s[s zdHHfhjvf mCtk} lfqD, sn jKf zbcsmq.
23. zhnv W jmGrDbkf
mfbdnj W ldrjHfsh jmGrDbkf zShL siam nxdv rWqfv zbAkm jfvB.
nckvfQ pfvf iVfswfbf hf sjfb fb-oshNBf fvf dbsuslv mdjsj hQ
idvwasmv sjfb jfu fvf dbsuslv slrsj mwt vfJsk ifsv bf, zbA
jKfq sjfb jfsu dbsuslv nmqsj jfsu tfofsk ifsv bf, kfvf zdLjfQw
mb zShL siam-divDsk udVsq isV.
sifsVf hfdVsk wqkfb dub hfnf h]fsL. zfofYf W Hff e-ifKsvv nfsK
nfi-dhYcv dbvfil zfwaqt rq. sp mdj wCbA W jmGrDb Kfsj, kfsk skf
zbcvi djYc hfnf h]fLsh.
hsb zfjDt hstsYb, `nhsysq hV zjmGBA YfVf jfsvf siam-ifotfdm
zfsn bf. Jch jm siasm isV sn hAd, sp sjfb dwi hf hAhnf dbsq hA
Kfsj. nckvfQ wvqD tXm hf zbA sjfb fb-dhfb dbsq hA hAd jDHfsh
siasm iVsk ifsv?'
hsb zfdt hfvG hstsYb, sjfb j dhfb hAdsj dufnf jvf rt,
`siam jD?' sv dkdb htstb, `wCbA rlsqv hAkf.'
zfItfkcb hstsYb, `Hfstfhfnf rt wCbA rlsqv zfslftb.'
zfvf hstsYb, `siam rt nfmdqj mCJGkf. pf sn hAdv wCbA rlsq hfnf
h]fsL, pfv hAhnf hf dwifdlv sjfb hAkf sb.'
hbct jfsqm hstsYb, `hAd-siasm isV sn rlq, sp rlq zfrv
Hfstfhfnf sKsj wCbA Kfsj, k]fv iadk hmcJ Kfsj, zbA djYcsj k]fv dhji
hfdbsq vfsJ. nckvfQ rlq pJb zffrv Hfstfhfnf W k]fv nf[fskv zfoasr
idviCBG Kfsj, kJb snJfsb hAd-siam fb jvsk ifsv bf.' (pflct mfzfl
4/246)
56
dkdb zfsvf hstsYb, `hflfv ubA nhsysq shdw [dkjv dhNqmCsrv msLA
djYc rt, kfv jmGrDbkf W zhnv. spsrkc mfbcsNv mb shjfv hsn Kfsj bf.
nckvfQ kfsj ijfvD djYc dlsq hA bf jvsk ifvst zhwA zijfvD djYc
dbsq hA rsq iVsh.' (kfvDjtc druvfkfb 488ix}, zfsvf } zft-wXj, mcrfmfl
zft-rfmfl 14ix})
nckvfQ shabefsj wCbA vfJst kfsk bfbf jcdyf zfnsh, wqkfb bfbf
jcmBf slsh, bfbf ifidyfq mb zfY rsh. zfv kfv isv siam hf ifi Ose
pfWqf Jch fHfdhj.
zfvhD jdh zfhct zfkfdrqfr mcufsw' bfmj j hAdv sswA
hstsYb,
V " :! ^v - )
d 4p 7 E B
p" N4
p"
zKGf{, ufsbf sr mfnzflfv shef mcufsw'! dbyq spZhb, zhnv W Lbhf
mfbcsNv ubA j iajfv dhid.
nckvfQ sp pchj-pchkDv Lb zfsY, spZhb zfsY hQ zhnv nmq zfsY, sn
pchj-pchkDv dhid zhwAfhD. siasmv h]fdw hfufhfv ubA dkbde dhNq
Jch ipc vnl.
zhwA hL ifsq zhnv dhsbflb jvsk slfN sb. pfsk Hfstf jfu W
hflskv ubA slr-mb ICdkG W wd dIsv ifq.
i[fsv Jfvfi djYc slsJ hf j'sv zhnv dhsbflb jvst hfk Hfstf
jvsk dosq shlbf rsq hsn Kfjsh.
fkhA sp, ntfmD zdHLfsb zhnv hf zhjfw hst sjfb w sb.
spsrkc mcndtm rq sjfb Dsbv jfsu Kfsj, bf rq sjfb lcdbqfv jfsu. zfv
hsn KfjstW mrfb zffrv dpjXsv hA Kfsj. dkdb hstsYb,
s4E L&M () {%k* L% ?* *+!xL( * AB( () %k( ?* ( 4( ?* (A?* }
zkh pJb zhnv ifW, kJb (zffrv hflsk) nsy rW. zfv
skfmfv iadkiftsjv iadk msbfdbshw jv. (tfm bfwXvX fr } 7-8)
24. jfdjk W dbuGbkf
jfu KfjstW jfdjk zhtb jvf dyk bq. jfvB zhnsvv mskf
jfdjkW mfbcsNv msb bfbf jcmBf slq. dhswN j'sv Jfvfi djYc dbsq
57
jfdjk zhtb jvst wqkfb kfv nfKD rq. kfsk siam Oesk ifsv,
siasmv oi jfjD dIsm slJst hf ibAfsn iVst zfsbv iv dOsqv
jfu jvsk ifsv.
dhswN j'sv djswfvD hf kvBDv jfdjbD nIv, hfdVv msLA jfdjbD
zKhf hfdVv hfsv sjfKfW jfdjbD hnhfn smfse H bq.
zfmfslv wvDqk zfmfslvsj hst,
.(( 4( % "( , ("^( 1mAB [ 4% * 4. ?, ( U. *m ( 4( % "( . D( ( "( (1mAB X * 4( "% !, $\P
. L( 0 [ (&y
% )( *m ))
sjfb icvN spb sjfb shofbf bfvDv ns kfv nfsK ofbf icvN YfVf
zhwA dbuGbkf zhtb bf jsv. zfv mfrvfm hAdksvsj sjfb bfvD spb
nIv bf jsv.
j hAd zfshlb jvt, `sr zffrv vnCt! zfmfv D r iftb jvsk
shv rsqsY. zfv zfdm zmcj zmcj pcs bfm dtdJsqdY.' dkdb htstb,
pfW, kcdm skfmfv Dv ns r jv. (hcJfvD 5233, mcndtm 1341bQ)
25. fKGivkf
zsbj nmq fKGivkf mfbcNsj siam jvsk c jsv. zhwA sn s[s
iakfvBf W siasmv zdHbq yst hQ fKG Icdvsq sost siamW Icdvsq pfq.
dj kfsk iakfdvk rq j i[.
Hfstf tfof sKsj Hfstfhfnf v rq. vi-spZhsbv zfjNGB slsJ Hfstf
stso sost kfsj jfsY ifWqfv zfjf[f kDha rsq WsE. f[f-hcsj tcdjsq
Kfjf dwvDb-wfvfh siqftfq sb ifb jvsk yfq. nckvfQ jfmbfv uftf W
spZb[cLf dbhfvsBv iaht Yf siasmv zdHbq jvsk hfLA jsv. nfmdqj
subf siadmjfv dmtb-hfnbfq mbsj zdv j'sv skfst.
siasmv dudbn pk lCsv Kfsj, siam kk shsV yst. dmtsbv nmq pk jfsY
rq, LspGv h]fL kk shwD rfvfsk yst. zfv dmtb Ose sost siasmv lw
Hfsov bq Hfo sbwf sjse pfq.
kf sjht pfvf slr (vi-snZlpG) iYl jsv, kfslv sp sjfb jef slr
rst yst. dj pfvf mb iYl jsv, kfslv sn mb bf rst yst bf, pf
kfvf iYl jsv.
Hfstfhfnfv ubA Hfstfhfnf bq, Hfstf j'sv Hfstfhfnfv ubA Hfthfnf.
zhwA Hfstfhfnfv jde zfjNGB rt vi-snZlpG, dj snef swN jKf bq.
zsbj mfbcN zfwaqrDb zhfq HhOcsv rsq Ocsv shVfq. kfv iasqfub rq
jde zfwasqv. jde zfwaqstv zbcnfb kfsj siasm c jsv. dj
58
jfsj zfwaq dlst sn zfibfv rq bf. fsKGv mfqf-mmkf fKG Icvfst

dhtDb rsq pfq.
zfdwaskv iadk lqf ialwGb jvst Hfstfhfnf rq bf. lqf lfd[BA zfbsk
ifsv, dj iaDdk zfbsk ifsv bf. lqf sldJsq Hfstfhfnfv zdLjfv tfH jvf
pfq bf.
Lb-nislv stfH W kf zfknf{ jvfv jlpG Yf mfbcNsj Hfstfhfnfq
zbcifa dBk jvsk ifsv. pdlW siasmv zdLjfv siadmjfv Wiv Itfsbf yst,
kfv Lsbv Wiv bq.
zfv bfvD kfsj Hfstfhfsn, pfv spZhsbv nfsK Lb zfsY. efjf bf Kfjst
bfvD Hfstfhfnsk yfq bf. j zfvhD jdh hstsYb,
.k% * ,N ] ,N(%W!
$ ! ... ]? ,N ] ! > &[ W% U( %?*
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zKGf{, skfmvf pdl bfvD nisjG dufnf jv, kfrst zfdm kfslv hAfifsv
dhy[B, kfslv hAfdLnmCsrv jdhvfu zfdm.
icvsNv mfKfv pJb yct sisj pfq zKhf kfv Lb jsm pfq, kJb kfslv
Hfstfhfnfq kfv sjfb zQw Kfsj bf.
kfvf dhict zsKGv jKf ufbst kf sisk Yf jsv. zfv spZhsbv iafv
kfslv dbje mcjv.
pfvf fKGivkfv Hfstfhfnf jsv, kfvf kfv iadklfsbv djYc ifWqfv zfwf
jsv. dj kfvf ufsb bf sp, rlsqv dhdbmsq rlq ifWqf pfq. rlq bf dlsq
rlq ifWqfv zfwf jvf mrfHct.
kfvf ufsb bf sp, Hfstfhfnfq lc'de mb bq, rvsmfsbv dmt.
kfslv susb vfJf dyk sp, `siasm pfv iafB efsb bf, Ytbf kfv siam
jfmbf.'
26. ilGfrDbkf
zShL lxdifk W lwGb spmb siam nxd rWqfv zbAkm jfvB, skmdb zShL
ialwGbW kfv zbAkm jfvB.
djswfvD W kvBD pdl ianfdLjf rsq dbsusj ialwGb jsv, kfv slsrv sofib
snZlpG pdl pchsjv y[csofyv jsv, spZhsbv yftA pdl pchsjv nmcsJ
iajfw jsv, znHA sifwfj isv pdl dbsuv dlsj pchsjv lxd zfjNGB jsv,
kfrst skf sn kfv HdeduQ W siasmv dwjfv rsh.
59
dIkbf sKsj h]fyfv ubA wvDqsk ilGfv dhLfb snsY. mdrtfslvsj

shilGf rsk dbsNL jvf rsqsY. mrfbhD hstsYb,
B 74' '&oU m D B E D?4E_M D_ ! :" P45 B D B L& 4))
.(( D_ ! 4 S D "
smsq mfbcN (nhef) tffb (sofibDq). zfv sn pJb dbu hfdV sKsj
shv rq, kJb wqkfb kfsj icvsNv lxdsk ncswfHb jsv skfst. sn dbu
hfdVv zlv mrst zhfb j'sv zffrv zdLj dbjehkGD Kfsj.
(kfhfvfbDv zfWnfk 2890, nrDr kfvoDh 344bQ)
hsb mfnl
hstb, mdrtfvf sofib dudbn. sjfb zncdhLf YfVf
mdrtf pJb dbu hfdV sKsj shv rq, kJb wqkfb kfsj oHDv lxdsk
kfdjsq slsJ. zk}iv kfsj hst, `kcdm pfv ifw shsq zdkm jvsh,
kfsj mc jvsh.' mdrtf pJb kfv sifwfj idvLfb jsv, kJb kfsj
dufnf jvf rq, `sjfKfq pfWqfv Yf jvY?' sn hst, `zfdm sjfb svfoDsj
slJf jvsk pfh, sjfb mvf-Ov pfh zKhf mndusl dosq bfmfp iVh.' zKy
mdrtf kfv Osv sKsj dbu vshv hflk jvfv mskf hflk zfv zbA
sjfKfW jvsk ifsv bf. (kfhfvfbD, nrDr kfvoDh 348bQ)
mrfb zffr hstsYb,
7OZR L&M () { * [W ,=0 ,K, 3
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% 40 (U( *m (0:[oU, &. !. >,? (4% * } (
skfmvf oxsr zhfb jv hQ (iafj-ntfmD) ufsrtD pcsov (smsqslv)
mskf dbsuslvsj ialwGb j'sv shdVsqf bf. (rXpfh } 33)
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sr bhD! kcdm skfmfv DoBsj, jbAfoBsj W dhwfnDslv vmBDoBsj ht,
kfvf spb kfslv yflsvv djqlQw dbsuslv (mcJmstv) iv sesb slq.
sk kfslvsj sybf nrukv rsh; Ist kfslvsj A jvf rsh bf. zfv
zffr yvm [mfwDt, ivm lqftc. (rXpfh } 59)
ntfsmv dhLfb zmfbA jvfv Ist zShL siam-Hfstfhfnf, hAdHyfv W
LNGB dlsbv dlb shsV ystsY, spmb ufsrtD pcso dYt. hvQ zfLcdbj pcsov
shilGf bfvD, kfv zwftDb, jcvdyjv W spZbfbcHdC k sjjv dhdH sifwfj,
zfyvB, bfy kAfdl iafyDb ufsrtD pcosjW rfv mfdbsqsY. nHAkfv bfsm
znHA sthfn-sifwfsjv iaytb shsV ystsY. zKy bokf pdl nHAkf
60
rq, kfrst ivf mfbcsNv yfsk shdw nHA. nHAkfv iaodk

kodksk mfbcNsj sn zfdlm nHAkf W ifwdhjkfv dlsj Lfdhk jvsY.
27. zhfL smtfdmwf
shilGf rst siasm I]fnsk ifsv, kfv mfsb bq sp, ilGfbwDbvf siasm
I]fnsh bf. hvQ kfvfW sOfmefv dHksv sJmefv bfy slJfsk ifsv. dhswN
j'sv ilGf KfjstW pchjslv nfsK zhfL smtfdmwf W WEf-hnf jvst. zKhf
hfsv ilGf W Osv ilGf bf jvst zKhf sjht idvdyk stfjsj slsJ ilGf
jvst siasmv pflc-jfdE bfVfv ncspfo sKsj pfq.
shfvjf isvW ilGfv nfsK smsq pdl ObOb mfsjGe jvsk pfq, ifsjG shVfsk
pfq, dhsq kAfdl ifdeGsk pfq, rfnifkfst pfq, smtf-sJtfq pfq, ctjstsu hf zdIsn pfq hQ icvNslv nfsK sONfsOdN slJf nf[f{ rq, kfrst
zhwA kf dIkbf kKf siasm iVf W sItfv jef hV jfvB.
zdHHfhjvf sJqft jsv bf. susb zKhf bf susb zhsrtf j'sv zKhf
smsqv iadk zdkwq dhwfn svsJ slfjfblfsvv nfsK zhfsL jKf htsk W
iasqfubDq dudbn djbsk sYsV slq. rqskf-hf dudbn nfW ifq. dj
djsnv dhdbmsq? sn sJ]fu sbq bf.
mffnf hf ct-jstsu dw[j W nrifEDslv nfsK zhfL smtfdmwfq sjfb
hfLf slq bf.
zdIsn nrjmGDslv nfsK ifwfifdw hsn jfu jvsk kfslv zfknmfsb
hfsL bf.
Fffsvv nfsK bfnG rsq zhfsL (zsbj nmq dbvftfq j vsm) nrfhfb
jvfsj kfvf dhibj LfvBf jsv bf.
hfdVv jfsuv stfsjv nfsK zhfsL dmwsk dlsk kfslv bdkjkfq hfsL bf.
DbD W lfWqfkD Hfslv nfsK zhfsL dmwsk dlsk kfslv Dblfdvsk sjfb
hfLf Kfsj bf.
deesvv nfsK dbvftfq hsn iVfswfbf W sJfwoi jvsk dlsk kfslv
nfmfdujkfq sjfb nmnA Kfsj bf.
zsbj nmq mf-hfsiv ufmf vsi jfsj iYl rst kfv nfsK dmwsk
smsqsj ncspfo slWqf rq. kfvf Hfsh, Òse skf Ose pfj, ise skf ise pfj.
zfv iB-spZkcsjv pcso dhbJvyfq dhsqef tfso skf stso pfj!'
ubA sjfb jfu iVst zKhf bf iVst deesvv nfsK smsqsj jf
sYsV dlsq mf hst, `zfdm jec ifswv IAfe sKsj zfdn.'
61
kfv mfsb `mfefv yst sost zfmfv sJ]fu jdvn bf'? bfdj `zfdm yst
pfdY, IAfe Jfdt, skfvf pf ifdvn jdvn'?
zsbj nmq shofbf zfkDsqv nfsK jfdjbD smsqsj sYsV dlsq jHfsh
Ov sYsV hfsv yst pfq mf-hfhf! swA i.
zsbj nmq iYslv sYstv nfsK sYfq smsqsj jfdjbD sjfKfW ifEfsbf
rq Odesq slWqfv ubA.
sj kfslvsj dhislv jKf ufbfst Wuv slq, `W jcvzfsbv mfefv. W
Hfstf sYst. sbfQvf LfvBf jvsk rq bf.'
kfvf nkkfv nfdeGdIsje dlsq smsqsj Jfvfi jsv. kfvf dj dufdnk rsh
bf? kfvf dj ufrffsmv Hq zKhf dhwfn vfsJ bf?
mrfbhD hstsYb,
4n q, ). ,81 .f&n)0 (n ( ( 4A % y
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( %cDA % * ( * ( U(* (L( (U( . 1 ( 40 Z
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dkb swaBDv stfsjv ubA zffr kfhfvfjf zkfzftf uffk rfvfm j'sv
dlsqsYb. zhAfrkHfsh ml ifbjfvD, dikf-mfkfv zhfLAub hQ mb
shrfqf, sp kfv idvhfsvv zwDtkfsj smsb sbq. (zfrmfl 5372, 6113bQ)
28. zn{ nQnoG
db}nslsr nQnsoGv iaHfh isV mfbcsNv isv. dhswN j'sv lchGt hAdk
rst ycsjv jfsY sn stfrfv mskf rsq pfq. nckvfQ Hfstf rst nfKDsj
Hfstf jvsk nIt rq hQ Jfvfi rst nDsj Jfvfi jvsk jxkfKG rq.
db}nslsr hc siadmj rst, sn kfv mskf hcsjW siam jvsk {nfdrk
jvsh. dbsuv siadmjf sldJsq W bfbf mufv oi dbsq kfsj siasmv Ofse
ut Jfsq YfVsh.
zbcvi nJD jfsvf siadmjf rst nJDsj dbsuv mskf siam jvsk c
jvsh. siasmv zfbl W IpDtk hBGbf j'sv nJDsjW jfsvf siadmjf hfdbsq
YfVsh.
jKf njstv ufbf sp, `n{ ns oGhfn, zfv zn{ ns nhGbfw.' `n{
ns pf Jf sqf ifb, zn{ ns pf jfef lc'de jfb.'
zfv mrfbhD Hfstf-ml nDv lfrvB hBGbf j'sv hstsYb,
.\'," ( ?* A',o A?, '( (,+% ', A\", ( h* ,N&n A ,P
( (A, 0 A ,d
* .\("( ( 0AB ))
.?, '( ( ='(x * 'AL . '% ", ( ',3U( %' 0"B( . % ", ((_ % U( %" 0 B( *+)( ,8% ). %" 0 B :,+% ,
62
.(( =(_, % ". AL . % ", ( 3

, U( %" 0 B( *+!( ( g, (4A % ). %" 0 B :
A o,
n{ nD W zn{ nDv lfrvB rt, jvD hrbjfvD (zfkvWqftf) W
rfisv Ic{jfvjfvD (jfmfsvv) bAfq. jvD hrbjfvD (zfkvWqftf) rqskf
skfmfsj djYc lfb jvsh zKhf kfv jfY sKsj kcdm djYc Jdvl jvsh zKhf
kfv jfY sKsj nchfn tfH jvsh. zfv rfisv Ic{jfvjfvD (jfmfv) rqskf
skfmfv jfiV icdVsq slsh zKhf kcdm kfv jfY sKsj lcoG ifsh. (hcJfvD
5534, mcndtm 6860bQ)
dbyq, `n slfsN stfrf Hfsn.' stfrf dj ifdbsk Hfsn? j[sbf bf, dj

jfsEv nfsK slfd j'sv kfv nQnsoG sKsj kfsjW Hfnsk rq. `n slfsN jD
bf rq? Y]sc yf Y]sc t o rq.' wfvfh Jfbfq hnst hf zfnf-pfWqf jvst dj
wfvfhD rsk sldv tfso? pk hV ydvhfb hf hQwmpGflfni srfj, `nfF
drsvf' Kfjsk Kfjsk `smb drsvf' rWqfv wJ zhwA ufosh.
ubA mcndtm pchj-pchkDv dyk, ydv slsJ jfsvf nfrypG oarB jvf.
mrfbhD hstsYb,
.((.\, y
( ). %:"( %c[h. Z
( * 4% [% ( ?* , , ,5
( :A ), ( * .\P
. 40 ))
mfbcN kfv hcv Dsbv iv rq. zkh skfmfslv iaskAjsj slJf
dyk sp, sn jfv nfsK hck fib jvsY. (zfrmfl 8028, zfhC lfl 4835,
dkvdmpD 2378bQ)
diaq bhD
zfsvf hstb,
. q,U( 1mAB *+"( ( * %\[hW)( *m" (, % ". 1mAB %kZ
, ( U. *m
mcdmb YfVf jfsvf nD rsqf bf hQ ivsrpofv hAd YfVf skfmfv JflA spb
zbA sj bf sJsk ifq. (zfrmfl, zfhC lfl 4834, dkvdmpD 2395bQ, rfsjm)
dj Dsbv dhLfb bf smsb pfvf psKYfyfdvkf jsv, kfslv idvBfm dbyq
Hfstf rq bf.
zsbsj zivfL yfifv ubA `siam' hst bf, djswfv-djswfvD W pchjpchkDv mfsU osV WEf nijGsj `hck' hst. kfvf hst, `siasm jfm Kfsj,
hcsk Kfsj bf.'
dj jk dlb? pchj-pchkDv mfsU dbjfm hck dj zfslZ nh?
29. ispfo
ispfo siamspfsov jde nclv hAhf. pdlW jfosu stJf dydEi
zflfb-ialfsbv iaytb Jb sjhfsv sb htst yst. Jb ytsY
stdbj mAfsnsuv spfofspfo. i nfsK nfsK si]ZsY pfq, sk nfsK nfsK
63
vW ifWqf pfq. sk j iajfv yAfe jvf pfq, nvfndv jsKfijKb jvf

pfq. nckvfQ dEjfbf spfofV jsv v jvst rt.
zhwA JbW vsq sosY jfosuv idjfq ifdtv jtfm. spJfsb Ydh-nr
dEjfbf W dydEi stJfv hAhf Kfsj. kfskW dwjfv Lvf zdk nru.
YfVf vsqsY sIfb hAhf. bv susb zKhf bf susb vQ jfsbjwsb
stso pfq jfsbjwb. zbcmfsb jk sYstsmsq Hfsh zufbf siadmjsiadmjf spfofV j'sv dbsY.
j vfsk rEf{ dvQ shsu Et. zfdm Hfhtfm znmsq sj sIfb jvt.
slJtfm, zsybf bv. `rAfstf' htsk swfbf sot mdrtf j. `zfn-nftfmc
zftfjcm. sjmb zfY? zfdm skfmfv nfsK jKf hst jec mb d jvsk
yf.' zfdm hcsU sotfm. httfm, `shde zfdm Jb hA zfdY.' nfsK nfsK
tfb sjse dlt.
Hfsh jk ytsY. rsbA rsq J]u
c sY dbu nD, dEj zfdwb-jfdkGsjv
Wslv mskf. nfb tfsHv isv iaKsm idvyq, idvyq sKsj iaBq, kfvisv
idvBq.
smfhft-mAfsnsu siam. Ydhv dhdbmq. kfv isv sbe W kfv sInhcj,
ecefv, du-smt, qf-smt, re-smt kAfdl hfufv re j'sv svsJsY. siamHfstfhfnfv mc hfufv Jb. dhwfqsbv zjc mrfdmtb.
kfsk vsqsY nvfndv msbv mfbcNsj slJfv hAhf. kfv mb slJf bf sostW
icsvf slr slJfv hAhf. zsbsj Hfsh, sn zfv sn YfVf zfv sj slJsk ifq
bf. dj kfvf ufsb bf sp, kfslv jDdkGv svjFG sbse sKsj pfsY. zfv
kfv zfnt jdi slJsk ifsh svfu djqfmsk.
mqlfsb U]fdisq isVsY h lfWqfkD Hf-shfsbvfW. iaKm dlsj Hfstf
ytstW djYc lCv dosqW bdY, kfslvW if diYst pfsY. kfsk sj iVsY,
sj mvsY. zfnst spZhsbv iKef hV didYtA.
30. zwDt Ydh lwGb
r]Af, nvfndv zKhf dHdFW hf det Ydh lwGb jvfv Ist msb jfmbf ufso
zfv sn nfsK ufso jub nD ifWqfv hfnbf. pchsjv msb nclvDslv Ydh
lwGsbv kxd dbdlG hf zdbdlG jfsvf nfdLA ifWqfv kDha hfnbf mbsj ktf
j'sv skfst. npsk kfslv Ydh vd[k rq, kfslv bfbf psv smsmfdvsk,
Afthfsm. zsbsjv slWqfstW fb ifq nclvDslv bo Ydh.
64
zbcvi ncjbAfW. kfv jfstjwsbW Kfsj h nclv W rAfXnfm pchjslv

Ydh. pfvf rq kfv bqbmdB W y[c wDktjfvD. pfslvsj slsJ siasmv h]fdw
hfsu kfv kcIfb-skftf msb.
Hfsh iBGofa ID slsJ dbsusj sduk j'sv nDv sJ]fuefsj zfsvf
d[ia j'sv skfst. wqkfb kfsj zfsvf d[ j'sv sbfQvfdmsk bfmsk
kvfdhk jsv.
ntfm y[c nQpk jvfv dbslGw slq. zfv pf slJf rfvfm, kfv Ydh slJf
rfvfm. y[c nQpsmv nfsK lxP nijG vsqsY spZb-nQpsmv. y[c nQpk bf
jvsk ifvst spZbf nQpk jvf jdEb rq. ubA jcvzfb hstsY,
( !,
$ ,5
( ( 1 0AB %cD. * h* % * *+,( %cD. P
( .4[? [&p* % )( (%cK, LA ( !% * %:", &n~. )( ( , ", % . , %\[ }
:L& { 0:D. P
( .4[? :( p* % )( (0:K, LA ( !% * %:", (:
%
. ~% )( , (", % . , %\[&( * (. (% )(
mc'dmb icvNslvsj ht, kfvf spb kfslv lxdsj nQpk jsv hQ kfslv
spZb zsj nfhLfsb nQpk vfsJ; de kfslv ubA zdLjkv idh. Wvf pf
jsv, dbyq zffr sn dhNsq zhdrk. mc'dmb bfvDslvsj ht, kfvf spb
kfslv lxdsj nQpk jsv W kfslv tffb v[f jsv. (bCv } 30-31)
spsrkc pk vjsmv spZbjmG zfsY, rSmKcb, iomb, nmjfm, hAdHyfv,
nshv iafKdmj HCdmjfq vsqsY zShL lxdifk. zwDtkfv dlsj pfWqfv iaKm
Lfi rt rfvfm buv.
djYc ntI hstsYb, ìfi rt jcIvDv FfjOv, ycb rt nsmv FfjOv,
ofb rt hAdHyfsvv FfjOv, lxdifk rt siasmv FfjOv, svfo rt mvsBv
FfjOv.' (lft dt mcrfvGfm W lfWqfr, dblf zfhC zfrmfl 36ix})
65
siam W sJqftD uo{

siadmjf syfsJv zfVft rst siadmsjv msbv dbHxk sjfsB sofib siasmv
kcIfb nxd rq. suso WsE jk jibf, jk hfnbf. nf[fskv zfwf mbsj
zdk W zLDv j'sv skfst. vfskv zjfsv spb j]fefv dhYfbfq wqb j'sv
zdbfq jibfv uosk dhyvB jsv. slJf Ydh mfbnise sHsn Est
k]fkfstf ifs ifdb iVfv mk mbef `YA]fj' j'sv WsE. siam-nmcsv
kvmftf dv h[jCst iaht shso zfOfskv iv zfOfk dlsk Kfsj. iaBsqv
jdy-djwtq spb msbv mfde sYsV jfmbfv mc zfjfsw slftf slq. wqsbisb-dbdw ufovsB Hfstfhfnfv zfshoHvf jk jdhkf nxdkv mfbnise
suso WsE. sofib diaqfv sswA mb sosq WsE}`hNGf-Uvf mdb iafsk zfmfv mk dj
Uvsh kcdm jtf msb, hsbv sjkjD?
msbv msb dbwDK-vfsk
ycm slsh dj jibfsk?
i slsJ Esh suso, Hfhsh jk dj!
smsOv nfsK j]flsh kcdm, zfmfv yfkjD!
--- hc, kcdm rfskv-jfsYv nfsKv nfKD bW,
lCsv pk vW -drqfv kk dbje rW!
Kfjsh kcdm Yfqfv nfsK
mfqfv mk y]flbD vfsk!
pk sofib kk mLcv -bfhf jKf jW!
wqb-nfsK vW bf kcdm, bqb ifsk vW.
Wsof zfmfv zfVft-Kfjf, Wsof ib-syfv!
kcdm zfY, zfdm zfdY skf JcwD smfv.
sjfKfq zfY sjmXsb vfBD,
jfu dj sJ]fsu, bf hf ufdb!
Hfstfhfdn zfbsl zfiXdb zfdY sHfv.
yf bf ufof, KfjcjX syfsJ mdb Ocsmv sOfv!
vfsk pJb jtf swfh yfsh skfmfq hcj,
dbdhV-Ob rsh pJb jtf Kfjfv lcJ.
lcsJv ncvfq mX rsq
Kfjsh iafB skfmfq tsq,
66
jibfsk z]fjXh skfmfv y]fl-ycqfsbf mcJ!

Ocsm ufofq udVsq vsh, sn skf yvm ncJ!'
Hfsh pk dlb pfq, sofib diaqfv iadk lwGb-kxf kk shsV WsE.
nf[fskv hfnbf kDha rq. dj hfLf isV nfmfduj W LmGDq Sbdkjkfv nufo
lxd. hfLf rsq l]fVfq znm siasmv hNmA. Ist shsV WsE shlbf. zfv `vfd
pk oHDv rq, iaHfk kk dosq zfsn. shlbf pk dbdhV rsq zfsn, siam
kk jfsY zfsn.' `siasm pk hfLf isV, siam kk shsV yst.'
siadmj-siadmjf kJb Ydh z]fsj, ofb ofq, jdhkf stsJ, nfdrdkAj mb
smsk WsE. zfv wqkfb kfslv nfK slq.
siasmv s[s nIt W uqD rsq sj jdh W dwiD rsk ifsv bf, hV sufv
dhsq jvsk ifsv. ksh siasmv hAKGkfq zsbsj jdh W dwiD rsqsY. zHfh
spmb syfv kvD jsv, skmdb siam kvD jsv jdh, jibfv jdh.
siam W jfhA-jdhkf
siam mb dudbn sp, msbv sofib sjfsB kf LDsv-LDsv shsV Esk Kfsj.
siam spfofq jibf. Hfstf-mslv jibf. zfwf W zfwfv, Hq W Hvnfv
jk wk nclvC jibf. zfv jibf zfsb dyfwd W nfdrdkAj vybf-wtD.
siam zfsb uDhsbv zfslftb, zfmCt idvhkGb W nQfv. nfdsLAv zfwf
hQ lCvskv rkfwf kKf dhdY rWqfv zfwfv ncJ W lc}J mfbcsNv msb
jdhk nxd jsv.
`bfvDv dhvsr, bfvDv dmtsb, bv sit jdh-iafB,
pk jKf kfv rt jdhkf, w rt ofb.'
mb kJb wcLc sosq WsE Hfstfhfnfv ofb, dmtsbv ofb, dhvsrv ofb.
`kcdm zfmfq Hfstfhfn kf skf zfdm jdh,
zfmfv vi---sn skf skfmfv Hfstfhfnfv Ydh!'
`mA]fq zfswj ], kC smvD zfswjD,
mA]q wfsqv ], kC smvD wfsqvD.'
jdhv dhNq-h rq zfjfw, smO, ifrfV, blD, nmc, Ict, Icthfofb kAfdl
svfmfdej fb W h.
sjfmt jfdmbD zfv vi msbfvm,
thfso jmdtbDv siam lclGm.
blD kse mxdk ise z]fdjqfsY Ydh,
ufsbf? sn ivsw zfdm rqfdY jdh.
siam spmb lc iajfv; idh W zidh. dEj jdhkW lc iajfv; ShL W
67
zShL. zfjfw-jcncm zhfh jibf j'sv zfshft-kfshft hf zwDt

jKfmftfv jdhkfv jdh nfLfvBk} zidh siasmv siadmj rsq Kfsj. zfv
swaBDv jdhv mb pJb jdhkf dtJsk dbuGsb hsn, kJb wqkfb kfv
nD rsq jdhv jibfq nrspfdokf jsv. (nrDt ufsm' 5706 bQ)
swaBDv jdh ians mrfb zffr hstb,
%c'.D0* ( () ('&. DA )( X (x\'[h >',? %c'.D0* (4U( %c* * () (. (~ %cD. . , _0)( .N(4( En }(
() {( ( [&p )( * "( ([& [&q)(
dhf stfsjvf jdhslv zbcnvB jsv Kfsj. kcdm dj slJ bf sp, Wvf
iaskAj ikAjfq (t[ArDbHfsh nhGdhNsq) jibf-dhrfv jsv? hQ Wvf
pf hst, kf jsv bf. (nCvf wczfvf 224-226 zfqfk)
swaBDv jdh jJsbf kfWrDl W ntfsmv iawQnf W uqofb ofstW dwjG
W jcIvD kKf dhlzfskv iawQnf hQ uqofb sosq Kfsj. jJsbf hDvskv
jKf, jJsbf bfvD-siasmv jKf, jJsbf nkDskv dblf, zfhfv jJsbf shwAfv
iawQnf, hQ Hfsh uDhsbv iafq iadk s[s jibfv sOfVf Ycdesq jdhkf
vybf j'sv Kfsj. zfv zdLjfQw s[s jdhkfq pf hst, msb kf dhwfn vfsJ
bf. pkef hst, hfh kkef bq hf smfse bq. pf hst, kf dbsu jsv bf.
siamufst zfh jdh hc zfmfv! skfmfv siam pdl idh rq, kfrst sn
jKf dH. skfmfv jdhkfv w-Yl pdl jibf-iank
C zhfh bf rq,
zdkvdk, zwDt W Sbdkjkf-dhsvfLD bf rq, hvQ hfhLmGD W nskAv
zfrfqj rq, hfdktsj Jb jvfv ubA rq, kfrst zhwA kf iawQnbDq.
mrfb zffr hstb,
'&. ,[ '(" , '% !( :'," .4( '(_ (, '*h ( '1 .4'*h( (, ( , 0 ' [& , ( & (."( (:),81 1 AB}
N4 E L&M () {(&.,q* )( Xk* q* ". 0* &. * * (:),81 .c* % ( M( (
ksh kfslv jKf dH, pfvf mfb sb n{jmG jsv, zffrsj Jch nvB
jsv hQ zkAfyfdvk rWqfv iv iadkswfL oarB jsv. zkAfyfvDvf wDOa
ufbsk ifvsh, kfslv ohAt sjfKfq? ( 227 zfqfk)
siam-ifot sJqftD jdh siadmjfv dmtb sysq zhfh bfbf jibf jsv,
umfvhfsl dhwfn jsv, dbsuv Yfmskf siadmjfv jfsYv djYc rsq um
sbWqfv jKf znh zfwf W jibf jsv.
`hfv mst ncskf rh, k]fdkv Osv um sbh
ifYfsisV wfdV rsq lcth skfmfv sjfmsv.'
68
`hfv mst mfde rh, jcsmfv Osv um sbh

ut zfdbhfv jtdn rsq yVh skfmfv sjfmsv.'
`rskm pdl hjct Ict, sikfm skfmfv mfKfv yct.'
`suAf{nfv nfsK ylb dlsq mfdJsq slh ofsq,
vMLbc rsk tft vM sb zftkf ivfh ifsq.'
rf-rf! swaBDv zfsvf jk jD sJqftD siftfW. zfshomdKk jfidbj
stJf W ofWqf.
siam W spfofspfo-mfLAm }
msbv hfnbf, jibf W sn nfsK hfLfv Ist msbv yftA zfsvf hxd ifq.
mb yfq siasmv jKf siadmjfv jfsY nf[fsk mcJ Icse zjise htsk. nvfndv
sn ncspfo bf Kfjst jtm fvf sn dbshlb W zfsho si]ZsY slWqf rq.
`jtf vfsk wcsq Kfdj
isb skfmfsv sldJ
hfdtw dHsu syfsJv ust
dhYfb dHsu Ofsmsk,
pfsv pf dydE stJf dltfm
snfbfv hcv bfsmsk---!!!'
mb kJb jtsmv mcsJ jfosuv nfsK Hfstfhfnfv jk jKf hst. jk jKf
HfNfq iajfw jvsk bf sisv bf-htf sKsj pfq.
`jtsm bf jfdt rfsk bf sufv,
i dtJsk hsn zfmfv vfd rt sHfv!
iaDdkv nfsK dk dlsq swN jvtfm stJf,
ufdb bf sp, skfmfv nfsK jsh rsh slJf!'
dydE sisq dhvr-dhLcv siaqnD ofq,
hcv dydE t sv iftfm rfsk,
iafsBv hc dtdJqfsY, ìfdvh bf spsk.'
zfdm zHfdobD siam ifodtbD
zhtf bfvD zfdm ifq bf ufdb
sjmsb rsh slJf diaq hcv nfsK..
lcdbqf zfmfv z]fLfv spb
v lvuf jfvfofv srb
dlsb z]fLfv sn skf zfhfv isVdY mLA vfsk..
69
zfhfv jD uftf rt
dtsJsY, ìVfmf icdVsq sIt'
dj hcv dydE iafB sp zfmfv hsn Hfdh Yfsk..
jJsbf-hf siadmj-siadmjfv jKf rq msb-msb, sofisb, jfsb-jfsb, sIfsbsIfsb.
jJsbf sInhcsj yAfe rq, smfsk dHdFW jt rq, slJfsldJ rq ivisvv
nhGf!
jJsbf-hf isvv Ydh sldJsq zKhf Ydhsj bjt hfdbsq zfjx W sduk
jvf rq siasmv zfb.
rfsk stJfv djYc Kfjst siam-slWqfbfvf siasmv jKf stsJ. siam uDhsbv
ncJ-lc}sJv jKf stsJ. zwDt jKfW dtsJ sIst. spsrkc siam kfslv tfwvm sjsV sbq zfso sKsj.
slWqfst siasmv jKf stsJ, siadmsjv bfm stsJ. ifsjGv slWqfst, ofsY hf
ifKsv stsJ, dmbfsv stsJ, mbdj zfvfIfskv ifrfsVv iv sW
stsJ. wqkfb dusbv hfnfsb hfKvsm stsJ, sifsVf hfdVv slWqfst stsJ.
iVfswfbfv h-Jfkfsk stsJ, iVfv sh-sedhst stsJ. nmc-njsk
stsJ, blD-kse stsJ.
Lc stsJ bf, z]fsjW. siam hf dmtsbv dkhfrD h djYc z]fsj. zsbj
nmq dbsuv disE, rfsk hf rfskv hfucsk siasmv sjfb nfQsjdkj w hf
dyr {jDBG jsv!
dbdlG siadmjf bf sist vf dusbv smsqsj siadmjf hfdbsq jk wk jibf
jsv. siv slJf sjfb zivif vinDsj dbsq jibfv Ydh z]fsj.
`zfv jsvf bf tcsjfycdv zvi vi dbsq,
zfdm z]fjh skfmfv mrfb Ydh siasmv kcdt dlsq.'
Wslv jfsb hfsu siaqnDv jKf, ztQjfsvv w zKhf kfv ilLdb. kf
kfvf hst,
`bsk sp if zfdm skfmfv ifsqv bcivc -Ldb
kf skf zbc[B,
skfmfv isKv ifsb sysq sysq sKsj
j]fsl zfmfv mb.'
70
siam dhNsq zdHslv jdkiq d

zsbsj msb jsvb, Hfstfhfnf j iajfv hqfdj lchGtkf.
sj msb jsvb, Hfstfhfnf jde mfbdnj svfo.
sj hstb, `Hfstfhfnf msbfdhjfv W j swaBDv ifotfdm.'
Hfthfnf rsY siasmv nCspGflq, zfv dhhfr rsY siasmv nCpGf. zfv siasmv
lDOGwf n, fsbv swN db}wfn.
Hfthfnf sjbf pfq bf, HfoAhfsbvf mdb ifq.
Hfthfnf mb dudbn, pf sjfb vfuf mCtA dlsq djbsk ifsv bf. zfhfv
sjfb IjDv dhbfmCstA zuGb j'sv Kfsj.
Hfstfhfnfv iCBG zKG rt }
Hf = Hft-ml dyf bf j'sv,
stf = stfjtf si[f j'sv,
hf = hfhf-mfv mcsJ ycb-jfdt dlsq,
nf = nfosv U]fi slWqf.
Hfstfhfnfv zKG j j usbv dbje j j vjsmv }
odBk dw[j hstb, `pfv lOGA, ia W ykf sb hQ sjht oHDvkf
zfsY, kfsj Hfstfhfnf hst.'
Fffv hstb, `Hfstfhfnf mb j svfsov bfm, pf Ocm b jsv, [cLf rafn
jsv W lcdyf hxd jsv.'
icdtw hstb, `Hfstfhfnf mb j sutJfbf, spJfsb rlqsj hdl vfJf
pfq.'
jdh hstb, `Hfstfhfnf mfsb lfn rsq jistfsj hfn.'
vfubDdkdhl hstb, `Hfstfhfnf mfsb vfujbAfv nfsK zsLGj vfuk tfH.'
dH[cj hst, `Hfstfhfnf mfsb dbsuv mb dH[f slWqf, zisvv mb dH[f
yfWqf. nh djYc sYsV isKv dHJfvD rWqf.'
jcdt hst, `Hfstfhfnf mfsb lc}sJv shfUf hrb jvf.'
mfdU hst, `Hfstfhfnf mfsb mfb-zdHmfb W zfshsov l]fV efbf.'
hAhnfqD hst, `Hfstfhfnf mfsb rlsqv shyfsjbf.'
hAKG siadmj hst, `Hfstfhfnfv sjfb zKG sb. Hfstfhfnf mfsb ncJ jfmbfq
hAKGkf.'
Hfstfhfnf rt oHDv nmclk
a stv zjfv nlxw. Hfstfhfnfv iK hV
didYt, hV nQjemq.
71
siam-uo{ hAKf W zfwf dlsq sOvf, hfLf W dhid dlsq smfVf.

siasmv iK mv-jejmq, kfv nIv hV dhilnct, kfv JflA W ifbDq hV
dk, kfv hfrb hV zyt, kfv svfo hV lcvfsvfoA.
siam uosk wfd W d sb. kfv jCtrDb nmc hV ft. kfv
kvmftf lCsv sesb dbsq dosq siadmj-siadmjfsj dbmdk W LQn jsv.
Hfstfhfnf rt wCbA rlqsj hAkfq iCBG jvfv bfm.
zfItfkcb hstsYb, `Hfstfhfnf rt wCbA rlsqv zfslftb.'
zfvf hstsYb, `siam rt nfmdqj mCJGkf. pf sn hAdv wCbA rlsq hfnf
h]fsL, pfv hAhnf hf dwifdlv sjfb hAkf sb.
siam rt jibf W zbcHdC kv dhjfv. siam rt siadmjfsj dbsq zdkvdk
ztDj sJqft.
uSbj zfvhD jdh hstsYb,
4oM ! %:"( [= ?B _" * X=" " 4o.M &K 4. o M. 4oM
lc iajfv mkf } iahdx v mkf W mslv mkf. zfv sn hAdv
ykbA jJb dIvsh, pfv zfsY lc iajfv mkf.
zbA jub hstsYb,
A ,3
( ( !, 0 ", .c* % * .È% , * %cD. * [q?* (&D% U( %:( !, % , P
. * [&
A , > ,? .&.3
% ( .4( % ). ( 0AB * (. .Z
, ( 4( K% 0 .` p, _(% )( * .È% ,
stfsjvf (zfmfsj htt), `zfdm zfmfv siadmjfv siasm ifot rsq sodY.'
zfdm kfslvsj httfm, ìfotslv ifotfdmv yfskW shdw hV siam.'
siam-ifot sjfb jfstW ykbAtfH jsv bf. i[fsv ifot nfmdqjHfsh
zSykbA Kfsj.
zsbsj hstsYb,
. & ? :" È & ? &d
ifotfdmv bfbf jtf-sjZwt zfsY. siam kfv jde.
siam hflwfsj IjDv jsv hQ iaHsc j jsv lfn.
siam Lc shlbf, hfnbf W jfmbf, z dhwfn W lDOGwf n.
72
siam nIt jvfv bfbf zShL idk

zsbj nmq j kvIf Hfstfhfnf rq, pJb ziv kvsI iakAfJAfb Kfsj
zKhf sjfb hfLf Kfsj, Ist sn Hfstfhfnf nItkf ifq bf. zfv kJb iaKm
i[ bfbf zShL iK W ifq zbcnfb jsv, pfsk sn Hfstfhfnf nfIstA
si]ZsY dhhfr oshA dosq d tfH jsv. LfvBf jsv,
rqskf-hf msbv mfbcNef isv msbv rsq pfsh.
rqskf-hf msbv mfbcNef isv smsb sbsh.
rqskf-hf kfv zdHHfhj isv smsb sbsh.
nckvfQ sn mfbsn msbv mfbcNsj ifWqfv ubA bfbf zShL ifq zhtb
j'sv Kfsj zsbj j kvIf siasm iVf siadmj.
sufviChGj siamdH[f
msbv mfbcNdev diYsb f tfdosq hf ht iasqfo j'sv kfsj hsw zfbsk
yfq. zsbj nmq kfsj hf kfv sjfb zfibubsj smsv sItfv mdjW
slWqf rq. kfsj zirvB j'sv zfesj svsJ dhsqsk nmk rsk hfLA
jvfsbf rq!
dj sufv j'sv dj siam jvf pfq? ofsqv sufsv dj Hfstfhfnf nxd jvf
pfq?
utfwsqv Lfsv jef isj sufv j'sv dbsq pfWqf pfq. dj kfsj sufv
j'sv ut JfWqfsbf pfq bf.
iakfiwftDv iakfisj nhf Hq jvsk ifsv, dj kfsj sj waf jsv
bf.
ofsqv sufsv nh rWqf pfq, dj v rWqf pfq bf.
sufv j'sv lw-dhN ubsj sbkf hfbfsbf pfq, dj sbkfuD hfbfsbf pfq bf.
òfsqv sufsv nhdjYc sjsV sbWqf pfq,
snfbf-lfbf oqbf-ifdk Hfstfhfnf bq.'
nckvfQ yfi dlsq hf wd iasqfo j'sv siasmv nfItA zfbqb jvf dbyq
zShL iaqfn. mb nfItA Djxk bq ntfsm. zfv susb vfJf dyk sp,
sYfq sj Hfstf bf hfnst Hfstfhfnf rq bf.
`zfmfsv pJb Hfstf sn bf hfsn,
ifsq LdvstW hfdnsh bf sn.'
73
hfjsmt jvf
sufv pJb jfu slq bf, kJb kfv Ydh iayfv jvfv mdj slq. zfidjv
Ydh efvsbse dlsq nfvf dhwsj slJfhfv Hq sldJsq zfknmiGB jvsk hfLA
jsv.
dhswN j'sv zfLcdbj pcso mfbcN nhGlf spb jAfsmvfv nfmsb jftfdkifk
jsv. sjfKfq sp sofib jAfsmvf sofisb kfv Ydh kcst vfJsY, sn jibfW
jvsk ifsv bf. kfYfVf spJfsb sn Hct j'sv Ydh skftfv zbcmdk slq,
snJfsbW sn dbsuv [dkv iK mc jsv. zfv kJbW sn LfvBf jvsk
ifsv bf sp, Ydh kfv mdjv jfvB rsk ifsv.
zfhfv sn Ydh bjtW rsk ifsv. pcso zdk nru. pfv nfsK uDhsb
nf[f{ rqdb, kfv ifsw skfmfsj zfidjv zhfq ialwGb jvf spsk
ifsv.
susb vfsJf tfqtf W mubc! zsbj nmq nvt msb zjise jKf ht kcdm,
LfvBf jvsk ifv bf sp, sn skfmfv jKf svjFG jvsY. dHdFW jt jvsk
dosq slr sldJsq msbfvb jvsk dosq wvDsvv nm z sldJsq Kfsjf,
HfhskW ifv bf sp, sn skfmfv njt Ydh svjFG jvsY. sp Ydh sldJsq kcdm
pfsj dhwfn jsvdYst, sn skfmfsj hfjsmt jvsk ifsv.
sn svjFG bf jvstW pfslv mfLAsm skfmfslv sofib jKf W Ydh dhdbmq
rsY, kfslv jfsY svjFG rsq pfq. kfvf Yf jvst skfmfslv sIfb-sn hf
dHdFW snsv jKf bsk W slJsk ifsv. dj skfmfslv Hq rq bf. Hq rq
bf sn mrf jAfsmvfsj hQ kfv `deQ zifsvwb'sj, pfv dbJ]k
c Icseu
skfmfslvsj swN dhyfsvv dlb slJfsbf rsh.
= O O ( ) {.V4( )( z4v( X L0 ( ( q* % ", %\( % )( :("( () .V4( )( 4% 5
( X L0 ( ( q* % ", %\( % )( :( ?* }
nckvfQ sj zBc idvmfB Hfstf jfu jvst, sn kf slJsk ifsh hQ
sj zBc idvmfB ml jfu jvst, kfW sn slJsk ifsh. (dptpft } 7-8)
zfsbv nfrfpA
zsbj nmq zfsbv nfrfpA dbsq msbv mfbcNefsj I]fnfsbf rq. dmKAf
zihfl dlsq zKhf zivfLDv zivfL iamfdBk j'sv kfsj uDhb-nD drnfsh
oarB jvsk hfLA jvf rq. pdlW mLc slWqf zivfL, khcW kcdm mLc sJsq sV
pfsh, kf skf rq bf. dj zdbYfv sn nQnfsv dj jlc YfVf mLc sufse? sEtfv
nQnfv rasl dj ncsJv sHtf nvB jsv? j[sbf bf.
74
iastfHb
msbv mfbcNde djQhf kfv zdHHfhj siasmv zfrhfsb nfVf bf dlst
iastfHb slJfsbf rq. efjfv iastfHb, ofdV W hfdVv iastfHb, yfjdv W
dHnfv iastfHb, iB W spZkcsjv iastfHb kAfdl. zfv kfsk iatc rsq
mb slq, slr slq siadmj hf siadmjf. nmk rq kfslv zdHHfhj W
zfibusbvf. dj sn nQnfsvW dj Hfstfhfnf Kfsj?
efjf bf Kfjfv Ist Hfstfhfnf yst pfq. dj efjf dlsq Hfstfhfnf djbsk
ifWqf pfq bf. jKf nmfsuv sj bf ufsb?
nhf ufsb, èfjf dlsq lfmD Jfhfv sjbf pfq, dj dJsl sjbf pfq bf. efjf
dlsq lfmD dhYfbf sjbf pfq, dj Ocm sjbf pfq bf. efjf dlsq h sjbf pfq,
dj fb sjbf pfq bf. efjf dlsq WNcL sjbf pfq, dj fA sjbf pfq bf.
efjf dlsq jef fmD zKhf D sjbf pfq, dj Hfstfhfnf sjbf pfq bf. efjf
dlsq ncJnfmoaD sjbf pfq, dj ncJ sjbf pfq bf.'
`Hsq iafB sp jdvsh lfb siam sn skf n]dish bf,
efjf dlsq Lc mfKf sjbf pfq, rlq pfq bf sjbf.'
dj khcW mfbcN rlq W Hfstfhfnf djbsk yfq. iaqfn dj hxKf bq?
iasyf dj i bq?
iasvfybf
dhhfdrk sYst D dbsq nclv Ov-nQnfv jvsY zKhf dhhfdrkf smsq fmD
dbsq shw ncsJ hnhfn jvsY, dj sjfb j stfH zKhf fKG hfl nfsL kfslv
sn nQnfsv. Ist stfHD hf fKGiv mfbcN fmDsj kfv Dv dhvs zKhf Dsj
kfv fmDv dhvs iasvfdyk jsv hQ bkcb i sldJsq kfslv ncsJv hfnf
dhb j'sv YfsV. zsbj nmq iasvfyj nIt rq. zdLjfQw nmq dhIt rq,
dj jde ncsJv nQnfvsj LQn j'sv mvHCdmsk idvBk j'sv YfsV.
zfmfslv mrfbhD hstsYb,
. ,V, x M( * ( % ( % * D( P
, % * ( * (4( "% ( k05
( %:"( 0", (% *
sp hAd jfsvf D zKhf Dklfnsj kfv (fmD hf iaHvc dhvs) iasvfdyk
jsv, sn zfmfslv ltHc bq. (zfrmfl 9157, zfhC lfl 2177, rfsjm
2795, hsb drfb 5560bQ)
75
zShL dhhfr
siasmv nfItA rt dhhfr-hsb zfh rWqf. dj zsbj nmq sn hb
rq bf. Hfstfhfnfv mfbcNdesj rqskf ifWqf pfq, dj sn ifWqf kfv
ubA `rftft' rq bf.
spmb zisvv dhhfdrkf hsj dhhfr jvf.
zKhf kftfj hf fmD-dhsqfsov iv skv dHksv dhhfr jvf.
zKhf sufviChGj kftfjbfmfq f[v jdvsq dbsq sufviChGj sbjfrbfmfq
f[v jdvsq dhhfr jvf.
zKhf oHGhkDsj dhhfr jvf; pdlW LfvBf jsv sp, sn oHG nfb kfv.
zKhf smsqv ndEj zdHHfhsjv zbcmdk YfVf dhhfr jvf.
zKhf nf[D YfVf dhhfr jvf. drlc siadmj-siadmjfv zbcjvsB mfufv hf
mnduslv nfmsb dbsu-dbsu dhhfr hsb zfh rWqf!
zKhf zmcndtmsj mcndtm bf hfdbsq dhhfr jvf. zhwA s[s iajk
x
zfrst djkfshv nkD smsq rst mcndtm bf hfdbsqW dhsq jvf pfq. dj sYst
sp sjfb LsmGv rst kfsj mcndtm bf hfdbsq sjfb mcndtm bfvDv zdHHfhj
kfv nfsK dhhfr dlsk ifsv bf.
hAfifsv mrfb zffrv dhLfb rt,
*m (%c[o_% '(3
( % * &% '* (X=h* 4A E% 'n" :'x" 4$ '% 5
( t=(", % "n t="( *R (0:", % ). _0Z
( , h* 4A E% . & . o, U( *m} (
* AB (&. % )( *+Y, * % [ %c[o(3
( % * &% * (X4A E% "n :x" 4$ % 5
( $:", % "n $ % ( * & (.", % ). _0Z
( ( h, 4A E, . & . o, U.
() {(.4h1 (8_()( %cD. 1 ( * A 0 , , U, )( .:x (). (, , %A!, , 4( p, ~% ( (,=03

( * AB &( . % )( . w (LA 0
zQwDhflD vmBD sp ipG bf (ntfm LsmG) dhhfn jsv, skfmvf kfslvsj
dhhfr jsvf gbf. zQwDhflD bfvD skfmfslvsj ym{jxk jvstW dbyq
(ntfm LsmG) dhhfnD DklfnD kfv sKsjW m. (ntfm LsmG) dhhfn bf
jvf ipG zQwDhflD icvsNv nfsK (skfmfslv jbAfv) dhhfr dlsqf bf.
zQwDhflD icvN skfmfslvsj ym{jxk jvstW (ntfm LsmG) dhhfnD
Dklfn kfv sKsjW m. jfvB, Wvf skfmfslv zfocsbv dlsj zfrhfb
jsv hQ zffr skfmfslvsj Dq Yfq shsr W [mfv dlsj zfrhfb
jsvb. dkdb mfbcsNv ubA Dq dblwGbnmCr nciHfsh hA jsvb, pfsk
kfvf kf sKsj islw oarB jvsk ifsv. (hfjfvfr } 221)
%c'.D1 n\',Z %c[o". '( * (%c'[o1 \',Z (7 '(_o, '& .U( [:),8'1 . ( * ( . (x 1 .c[o* 0\Z
, [ (&% ( }
0:K. &'. _.% U( (AB %c[o,% '* :'," (7 '(_o, & .U( [:),81 ( :", . (( % . (, (", % . ( :", . (( % . (
76
. '[ ( ( * , '(Z % '*q?* A i

( Aj !, 4% [po )( :(" ( (5
% * ,8y
, _0". *m ( (, ?, ( ". 4( % * ( , , % ". 0:K. L( &.P[
a L&M () {(:)A4M, y
( ( :", , 4( 5
, 6> ,? &( K. (
zfu skfmfslv ubA nm Hft dudbn ShL jvf rt, pfslvsj djkfh
slWqf rsqsY, kfslv (pshrjxk) JflAlahA skfmfslv ubA ShL W skfmfslv
(pshrjxk) JflAlahA kfslv ubA ShL hQ dhhfnD nydvf bfvDoB W
skfmfslv iCshG pfslvsj djkfh slWqf rsqsY, kfslv nydvf bfvDoB
(skfmfslv ubA ShL jvf rt); pdl skfmvf kfslvsj smfrv ialfb j'sv
dhhfr jv, iajfwA hAdHyfv zKhf iikDvsi oarB jvfv ubA bq. zfv sp
sj mfbsj zDjfv jvsh, kfv jmG dbIt rsh hQ sn ivjfst
[dkoas lv zHG
c . (mfdqlfr } 5)
zKhf ntfm kAfo j'sv mcvkfl W jfsIv rsq zmcndtmsj dhsq jvf!
zKhf sjfb mfrvfm hf ofbfsj Hfstfshsn h hf fmD hfbfsbf. spmb
yfyf-HfdU, mfmf-HfoD, n{-mf W sYstv siam hQ siam sKsj dhsq!
j swaBDv nfmdqj mfrvfm zfsY, kfslv nfsKW siam W dhhfr Ose Kfsj
sbfQvf nmfsu. spmb D Kfjsk kfv shfb hf shfbdU hf HfdU hf Jftf hf
IcIvc nfsK siam W dhhfr. sjfb nLhf mdrtfsj dhhfr, pfv fmD zfsY hQ sn
kftfjiaff bq hf dhLhfW bq.
j nmsq yfvdev shdw h vfJf hL bq ntfsm. dj vsnv bfovslv
jKf zftflf. vn sItsk siadmjf mfdYv zHfh Kfsj bf siam uosk.
rst hf sn yfvde Dv fmD, rst hf kf ntfmD wvDqsk zShL W rfvfm.
Lbhfb W vihfb vdnj bfosvv nfsK siasmv nfItA hV nfItA!
v yfsk zfuh siam W dhhfr rt, icvN rsq icvNsj, mdrtf rsq
mdrtfsj, mfbcN rsq isj Hfstfshsn dhsq jvf. nckvfQ zffrv ifbfr.
sjfebf
siam nQOeb jvfv ubA zsbsj sjfebf, jcebD hf lCkD hAhrfv j'sv Kfsj.
pfv jfu rt bfqsjv jfsY bfdqjfv jKf hQ bfdqjfv jfsY bfqsjv jKf
sh]sL-sY]sl hst siam W dmtb nxd jvf. jfsu lCkD Oesjv mskf
ifdvskfdNjW tfH j'sv Kfsj. dj dbjx jfu, dbjx zShL iaBq W
dmtb nQnfLsbv siwf.
siasmv zdHbq
siamufst zfh jvfv ubA mfjVnfv mskf uft ifsk zsbsj.
siasmv bfbf zdHbq jsv.
77
ucv siadmjsj jfsY sisk hQ kfv ivw dbsk kfv UfVI]cj sbWqfv
ubA bfej jsv.
Fffv siadmsjv ivw sbWqfv iaht Yfq svfoD nfsu.
bfej sisk jfsj siadmjfv diYsb tfdosq dlsq kfsj h]fdysq dbsusj
drsvf iamfB jsv. hAfnX! zmdb Hfstf tfof W kfviv Hfstfhfnf.
pchsjv mb zfjx jvsk pchkD zdHbq jsv. zvfo W zHdv mfLAsm
kfsj siamufst zfh jsv. zsbj nmq znHA, zwftDb sifwfj idvLfb
j'sv zKhf slsrv sifwfj ndvsq pchjsj dbsuv dlsj zfjx jsv!
zShL dmtb
siam ifjf jvfv ubA zsbsj wfvDdvj dmtb Oefq. oHGhkD bf jvst siam
ifjf rsh bf zKhf smsqv zdHHfhj dhsqsk nmdk slsh bf hf kfVfkfdV
jvsh bf sHsh zsbj LCkG siadmj idk hAhrfv j'sv Kfsj. ef sp
rfvfm kf jfsvf zufbf bq. kfvisvW ifi Tfjsk kfVfVf j'sv
dhhfrjmG snsv sItf rq. pdlW oHGfhfq dhhfr-hb bq. Ist rfvfm
siadmj-siadmjfv nQnfv zfuDhb rfvfm sKsj pfq.
dmKAfv zfwaq sbWqf
dmKAf hst dbsusj zfjNGBDq j'sv ialwGb.
zfdm zdhhfdrk zdhhfdrkf, (zKy sn dhhfdrk hf dhhfdrkf.)
zfdm yfjdv jdv, (zKy sn yfjvdodv jsv hf dU Jfse.)
zfmfv hAhnf zfsY, (rqskf-hf Hff stfrf hf j]fy dhd jsv.)
slfjfb zfmfv, (zKy sn slfjfsbv jub jmGyfvD.)
ofdV zfmfv, (zKy sn ofdVv mfdtsjv rfn-FafHfv.)
zsbj nmq ufdtqfdkv zfwaq sbq siadmj-siadmjf. dhsq ifjf jvfv ubA
bfhfdtjfv hqnsj nfhfdtjfv hqn hfbfq. uft hfKGnfdeGdIsje hfdbsq zKhf
dhsqv jfou hfdbsq stfjsj sldJsq siamsj nIt j'sv hcj Icdtsq nQnfv jsv.
ndEj ntfm-dhsvfLD zfsbv nfrfpA dbsq siam zdbhGfB jsv. tfv mfKf
sJsq sj djYc htst sI]fn j'sv jfmV dlsk zfsn. rfWqftf slq
nmfstfysjv sjfb zfkDqv, sp kfslv mskf sjfb jf OdesqsY. spsrkc
zfujft iafq iadk Osv siasmv dhsq, bsy{ zbcvi jcjDdkG zfsY.
spfo-pflc hf kfhDp j'sv siam
idh siam-dHJfvD pchj hc! mrfb nxdjkGfv lvhfv sYsV siasm nfItA
tfH jvfv ubA sjfb nxdv lvhfsv dosq zfsvf uObA zidhkf dwsjG isV
78
spsqf bf. zKGf{, msbv mfbcNdesj ifWqfv ubA sjfb kfhDp-hAhnfqDv jfsY
dwjGD kfhDp dbsk Jhvlfv spsqf bf. msbv mfbcsNv idvsLq sifwfj hf
hfQw, yct, ifsqv mfde kAfdl dbsq spfo-pflc j'sv kfsj hwDHCk jvfv
sswA sjfb pflcjsvv iadk if hfVfsqf bf.
dhwfn jsvf bf mb kfhDp-hAhnfqD mcwdvjslv Hcqf iayfsv, pfvf hst,
`si ifWqf kfhDp. siasm nfItAlfbjfvD kfhDp. j nfsrv msLA
siadmjfsj kfv dhYfbf-nr kcst sb slsh!'
r]Af, hwDjvsBv ubA zsbsj kfhDp hf spfo-pflcv zfwaq sbq, pf ntfsm
dwjG W nhsysq hV ipGfsqv ifi. kfvf kfhDspv mfLAsm zfjNGB W
nsmfrb nxd jsv, kfv zdHyfv dqfv mfLAsm dhjNGB nxd j'sv
Hfstfhfnfv nQnfsv zdonQspfo jsv.
dj nkA dj kfhDp hf pflc fvf swaBDv jfu rsq Kfsj?
r]Af, pflc nkA. pflcv iaHfhW nkA. pf wqkfb fvf Oefsbf pfq hQ kf
jcIvD. jcvzfsb kfv nf[A vsqsY. mrfb zffr hstsYb,
.4'*ph* ( , % E0 ' 0:',o* (. ( % * '.M 4( p* h* "( ( ( (% * M. ,+ ". * ( . , ( E0 _ [& % U( "( &. (U0}(
X '(Z* %:'," A) ( ; (' . "( ( (.L "( ( (.L K( (\!, (!, A:% o* * ( ( ( * OA [ "( (4( % x ( 0 &( . ; ( ).
'(" (, ',P% ( (,N4% '( ( :% !( , !, ([&4x p* ). "( ( D. % ", (&. 1 ( _(( ?* 4% [po U( * ?* t=(_% ?, .:% ( ( 0AB *m&[q)( _0Z
(
A:'( * '&. ,( % '*q* (%cD. . p* '() *m (%cK. 4n

. '() '(" (&. 1 ( _()( (, w A%A!, 1mAB X Z
( * %:", , !, (:)xL(!, c.K
() {(&. * % )( &. h* &% * %cD. ( [p * , !, % 4( v( "( (Y% , * * (5
( %:", , 4( 5
, 6> ,? . * "( .V(4_(v%
nctfmfsbv vfusk wqkfsbvf pf zfhxd jvk, kfvf kf zbcnvB jvk.
zKy nctfmfb jcIvD (nkAiakAfJAfb) jsvbdb; hvQ wqkfsbvf jcIvD
(zdhwfn) jsvdYt. kfvf mfbcNsj pflc dw[f dlk, pf hfsht wrsv rfvk W
mfvk dIdvflsqv iv zhkDBG jvf rsqdYt. `zfmvf (rfvk W mfvk)
ivD[fvi. nckvfQ skfmvf jcIvD (nkAiakAfJAfb) jsvf bf'--- bf hst
kfvf (rfvk W mfvk) jfsjW dw[f dlk bf. khc lcub rsk kfvf mb
dhNq dwJk, pf fmD-Dv msLA dhsYl Oefk. zKy zffrv dbslGw YfVf kfvf
jfsvf sjfb [dknfLb jvsk ifvk bf. kfvf pf dw[f jvk, kf kfslv
[dknfLb jvk hQ sjfb ijfsv zfnk bf. zfv kfvf dbdykHfsh ufbk
sp, sp sj kf (pflcdhlAf) q jsv ivjfst kfv sjfb zQw sb. zfv kfvf
pfv idvhskG zfkdhq jsvsY kf dbkf uObA, pdl kfvf kf ufbk!
(hfjfvfr } 102)
79
dj `jfrfsjW pflc jdvqf hw jvf nkA rstW siam-pflc dmKAf bsr. hvQ
rf zfsvf zdk Hqv. jfvB pflc sjfb iajfsv jfefsbf pfq, dj siam lCv
jvf pfq bf. ifKsv bf jfefv mkb msb lfo jfef pfq.'
loGfq dosq iafKGbf
sjfb loGf hf mfpfsv dosq siam zdbhGfB vfJfv zfshlb ufdbsq mfbk smsb
hf `Lct-Ict' sJsq snf bf. vjm jvst kcdm nh yfsk shwD zidh W
bDy rsq pfsh.
mfnCl bfmj j pchj jfisVv slfjfsbv jmGyfvD dYt. jfiV djbsk sn
nflfv ns kfv idvyq W siam. zhwA kfslv LfvBf zbcpfqD kfslv sn siam
dYt idh. ksh nflf sn siasm dbdyk dYt bf. nckvfQ jdlb slfjfsb
sn zfvdu ufbfstf, jYi iDvsj vde JfWqfsk rsh hQ snJfbjfv
lvhfsvv Ict sJsk rsh, kfrst kfslv siam ifjf W dbdyk rsq pfsh.
mfnCslv isjse sjfb efjf dYt bf. sn jef Wuv sldJsq htt, `zbA dlb
pfsh. zfu sn hA. slfjfsb zbA sj sb. mfdtj mft zfbsk sosY.'
dj nflf bfsYfV hflD. sn zffv j'sv htt, `! Jb ystf bf. dvfq
pfshf, zfv zfnh. zfu zfdm ncspfo sisqdY. bsy{ hfdV sKsj shv rWqf hV
mcwdjt. jfdYm-hfhf vde sJsq dbst ufbsk rsh zfmfslv siam ifjf.'
nflfv dmd jKf mfnCl sItsk ifvt bf. slfjfsbv jAfn-h sKsj 100de
efjf dbsq slfjfb h j'sv dvfq yVt. ifwfifdw hsn rlsqv zflfb-ialfb
jvsk jvsk ictsjv nfsK dosq si]ZYt lvhfsv. snJfsb vde djsb
nftfm-sntfmDv jfu snsv nflf dbsuv rfsk jfdYm-hfhfduv mcsJv jfsY
vde svsJ dlt. dj jD nhGbfw! hfhfdu skf vdesk mcJ dlstb bf.
msb msb nflf Hq sisq sot. sn Hfht, kfrst kfslv siam rqskf nIt
rsh bf. mfnCslv dhwfn kkef lxP dYt bf. sn zfwfn dlsq htt, `njft sKsj
zsbj sJsqsY, kf zfv JfsY bf.'
dj nflf htt, `bf. rsk ifsv bf. rq skfmfv Hfstfhfnfq sjfb
jiekf zfsY. bf rq skfmfv vde sjbfv efjf rftft bq.'
mfnCslv msb dhlcAk odksk lq rt, kfrst slfjfsbv jAfn-h sKsj
efjf sbWqfv ubA dj hfhfdu vde sJstb bf? rskW ifsv. jfvB snef skf
bf hst sbWqf j iajfv ycdv. dj mfb v[fv Jfdksv sn jKf nflfv jfsY
sn htskW ifvt bf. sn sufv dlsq htt, `skfmfv dhwfn hV z. zfmfv
Hfstfhfnfq sjfb jiekf sb. zfv zfmfv efjf rfvfm rsh sjb?'
80
mfnCl msbv dHksv dj lchGt rsq isVdYt. kfvW zfwf dYt rqskf
kfslv Hfstfhfnf nItkf ifsh bf. jfvB nflfv spfoA sn bq. nckvfQ
Jfdlm hfhfslv ivfmwG dbsk hfLA rt. jub htt, ` sp softfi Ict dhd
rsY. WJfsb kf djsb j]fyf Ict dydhsq JfW. kfrst skfmfslv siam ifjf rsq
pfsh.'
hAfnX! zfv pfq sjfKfq? nfsK nfsK kfvf j]fyf Ict djsb dydhsq sJsq msb msb
zfjct iafKGbf ufbft jfdYm hfhfduv jfsY, pfsk kfslv siam dhsqv ifd ysV.
siam-ifot hc zfmfv! dhwfn jsvf bf mb ztDj ush. dhwfn svsJf bf
mb dwjGD zffJfbfv bfbf iadkwadksk.
zmCtj dwjGD LfvBf
jhfv dlDv ufsm' mnduslv dmbfsv sEdYtfm. snJfb sKsj nfvf dlD
wrv W pmcbf blDv lxwA busv zfsn. dmbfsvv nhGswN ykfq sE sldJ
snJfsbv slWqfst znQJA sYst-smsqv bfm, bCv+bCvD. dvqfpct tCsm dbsq
zfstfybf jvst j Yf htt, `WJfsb siadmj-siadmjf pfq hQ kfvf
kfslv bfm dtdih jsv. sk bfdj siam ifjf rq.'
jhfv mlDbf dbHfdnGdev Ycde-nIsv zfvfIfk msB dosqdYtfm.
snJfsb zhdk ufhfst zfvfIfk njt rfuDvf lwGb jsv Kfsjb. pdlW
rsv nmq sn ifrfsVv iv yVf uvvD bq. khcW snJfsb j Djfv
j'sv ysV hQ j j dhwfn dbsq kfv iv zhfb jsv. j dhwfsn
stfsjvf ifrfVsj ùfhfst vrmk'W hst Kfsj.
ifrfsVv mLAst jde dyr zfsY. zfmvf slJfv ubA ifrfsV
yVtfm. smZnmef rsv dYt bf. Ist sjfb dHVW dYt bf. ksh mB sjs
spmb Kfsj, skmb dYt. ncndk sev disE nWqfv rsq mxdkYdh skftfv
ubA e-Wqftfvf dYt.
zfmvf isv sE slJtfm, sv ofsq stJf vsqsY wk wk pc-Wqftf
bfvD-icvsNv bfm. sjb stJf rsqsY njt bfm?
Jfsb dbsuv bfsmv nfsK pc j'sv siadmjfv bfm dtJst bfdj siam
idvij rq.
Jfsb dbsuv bfsmv nfsK pc j'sv siadmjfv bfm dtJst bfdj Dsj r
jvfsbfv kWIDj tfH rq. ufbf sb, zfsvf jk jD!
siam nxd jvfv ubA zbcvi h zmCtj dwjGD LfvBf zfsY. pfsk dhwfn
vfJst mfbcN mcwdvj rsq pfsh. mcndtsmv siam pdlW idh rq, khcW kfv
nfIstAv ubA mcwdvj rsk ifsv bf.
81
siasmv idvBdk
zShL siasmv DbD [dknmCr
jKf dhdlk sp, ntfm snsY mfbcNsj zffrv hflk dwJfsk, mfbcNsj
mfbcsNv mskf ncwxJtfv nfsK ixdKhDv hcsj uDhb LfvB jvsk. nckvfQ sn
siad[sk mfbcsNv mfb, ufb, mfb, fb W Lbsj v[f jvfv dhswN dhLfb
dlsqsY. kfsk rfvfm W zShL sOfNBf jvf rsqsY sn njt jmG W h, pf
i]fyde dhNsqv sjfb iajfv [dk nfLb jsv.
ntfsmv swN bhD mcrfmfl mfbcsNv jtAfsBv ubA siadvk rb.
{(a, (y
( .cDA % * ( .4x ( ). (, (x 1 .cD. * n\, ). (4A o* . A:( %cK. D( % )( (,9.4% ( !, c.K4. ". W)( }
dpdb kfslvsj n{jfsuv dbslGw slb W zn{jfsu dbsNL jsvb, dpdb
kfslv ubA idh hnmCrsj ShL jsvb W zidh hnmCrsj zShL jsvb.
(zf'vfI } 157)
hAfij dhLfb dlsq dkdb hstb,

.((L( (4
, *m (L( 4(
( *m))
jfsvf ubA zisvv sjfb iajfv [dk jvf ShL bq. sjfb lc'usbv ubA
idkswfLmCtj ivivsj [dkoa jvfW ShL bq. (zfrmfl 2865, hsb
mfufr 2340, 2341bQ)
sjfb hAfifsv sj jfsvf [dk jvsh bf hQ dbsuW [dkoa rsh bf. ef

rt ntfsmv nclv dhLfb.
hfv zfmvf pdl zShL siam-Hfstfhfnfv dhNqdesj dbsq dyf-oshNBf j'sv
sldJ, kfrst zhwA slJsk ifh sp, kf jde dbYj [dkjv dhNq. kf rt
jde zhfh jibf-uo{ hQ ztDj iivc D. kfsk vsqsY nfmdqj djYc
zfbl, djYc ncJ W kxd isHfo. dj kfv [dkv kctbfq sn zfbl W ncJ
djYc bq. iv kf idh W ShL ncJ bq.
siasmv hfofsb sufVf sIfef Ict tfqtf W mubc! ufsbf tfqtf mfsb jD?
zfv mubc mfsb hf jD? mfsb ufbst hcUsk ifvsh siam-uoskv djQhld
lc bfqj-bfdqjfv bfm nfKGj. siam uosk kf zfsY, pf kfslv bfsmv
zKG rq.
`tfqtf' zfvhD w. kfv mfsb rt zjfv vfd zKhf ml.
zfv `mubc'W zfvhD w. v zfnt rt `mfubCb', zfv kfv zKG rt
ifot.
82
dmdtsq slsJ bfW skfmvf, skfmfslv uo{ zjfv jD bf?

skfmfslv msLA siasmv mfljkf W sbwf rq dj bf?
skfmfslv msLA mflbf, mkf W ifotfdm zfsY dj bf?
skfmvf rqskf dHkv sKsj sbwfq `bf' htsk ifv. jfvB mfkftsj
`mfkft' htst sn Djfv jsv bf sp, sn mfkft. dj siam-lcdbqfv hfsvv
stfjsj dufnf jv, ndEj Jhv kfvf htsk ifvsh.
hfv snf! zfmvf zShL siasmv [dkjv dljdt dbsq zfstfybf jdv.
pfsk islw oarBjfvD islw oarB jsv hQ lfn kvB-kvBD nkjG
rq.
j } Hfstfhfnfv dwjG
zsbj mcndtm kvB-kvBD Hfstfhfnfq isV, dj kfsk kfvf dwsjG
idkk rq. spsrkc sp Hfstfhfnf mrfb zffrv iafiA, kfv zsbjef kfvf
kfslv Hfstfhfnfv mfbcNdesj lfb j'sv sIst. siasmv slhDv iCufvD rsq pfq
zsbj siam-ifot pchj.
zKy dwjG dhwft hV zivfL.
dwsjGv ifi djqfmsk [mfrG bq.
dwjGjfvDv ubA uffk rfvfm hQ ufrffm zdbhfpG.
mrfb zffr hstsYb,
'zZ
. n v( * &."( (:),81 (, w xk. h* %cD. (&n, ). * (, w A. :," .8y
, _0)( :(" A 0 ( :", } (
4q L&M () {, w ;
mfb sbsY, kfvf zffrv Hfthfnfq lxPkv. (hfjfvfr } 165)
zfvshv zsbj siasmv jdh hstsYb, `zfmfsj qf zffrf (siadmjfv lfn)
hst sFsjf, jfvB kf rt zfmfv nhsysq hV oshGv bfm.'
zfv rt i dwjG. jKf zdLjfQw siasmv slWqfbfvf hst Kfsj.
mcsJ bf htstW kfslv zfyvB W zhf hst sn lfnk Djfsvv jKf.
jub dtsJsYb,
,&M . " &M ) ,+]Z .qE U "
`zfdm skfmfv Hfstfhfnf YfVf Db vsi zbA djYcsj Hfstfhfdndb hQ
skfmfv YfVf sjfb ofqvfrv zfvfLbf jdvdb!' (idjf `kfhDhcj' snsev 1992)
sj hstsYb,
83
. (( K8" )] k ))
`Hfstfhfnf rt zfmfv Db, zfmfv LmG.'
bfpc dhfdr dmb pfdtj.
sj hstsYb, `diaqkmf! usmv iv sKsj skfmfv bfm zsi[f zdLj dmd
zbA jfsvf bfm zfdm mcsJ yfvB jdvdb. spdlb sKsj ixdKhDv zfstf slsJdY,
sndlb sKsj zfu ipG skfmfv yfsk nclv djYc zfmfv y[c lwGb jsvdb.
skfmfv bfm zfmfv bfsm zfmvB dmdtk Kfjsh. zfdm skfmfsj dyvdlb
Hfstfhfnh. sp sjfb idvddksk zfdm zfmvB skfmfsj Hfstfshsn pfh.
skfmfsj zfdm mb dlsqdY, iasqfusb zfdm skfmfv ubA uDhb slh. zfdm pdl
sh]sy Kfdj, kfrst sn ixdKhDv zfstf-hfkfn kcdm. kfv snZlpG W snZvH kcdm.
zfmfv pdl rlq Kfsj, kfrst kfv ilb kcdm. zfmfv pdl y[c Kfsj,
kfrst kfv lxdwd kcdm. zfmfv sjfb ncJ Kfjst sn ncsJv {n skfmfv
WfLsvv mLcv rfdn.
diaqkmf! skfmfsj YfVf zfmfv uDhb zjibDq. zfwf jdv, zfmfsj YfVf
skfmfv uDhbW kf. kcdm YfVf zfmfv uDhsbv sjfb fl sb. kcdm sb,
kf spb zfmfv zdsub sb. kcdm YfVf zfmfv uDhb mvHCdmsk idvBk
rsqsY. zfmfv uDhb-mvB nmfb rsq sosY. dj jD jdv ht? HfoA sp
zfmfslv mfsU dhsYl Ifqnftf jsvsY----!!!!' (idjf `zft-ufpDvfr' nQJAf
9682)
swaBDv zsbj jKf hfQtf idjf, ibAfn hf jfshAW dhvt bq. mb

siamjKf isV rflDsn jclnD mvB zfsn, pfsk mrfb zffr hstsYb,
---zfmfv hflf bIt hflskv mfLAsm zfmfv bjeA tfH jvsk Kfsj,
idvswsN zfdm kfsj Hfthfnsk tfdo. zk}iv pJb zfdm kfsj Hfthfdn,
kJb zfdm kfv jfb rsq pf, pfv fvf sn swfsb, kfv syfJ rsq pf,
pfv fvf sn slsJ, kfv rfk rsq pf, pfv fvf sn Lsv hQ kfv if rsq
pf, pfv fvf sn yst! zfv sn pdl zfmfv jfsY djYc yfq, kfrst zfdm kfsj
dl hQ sn pdl zfmfv zfwaq yfq kfrst zfdm zhwA kfsj zfwaq dl.
(hcJfvD 6502bQ)
hst msb jsv hQ kfslvsj zffrsj Hfstfhfnfv mskf Hfthfsn.
mb siadmjfv iCufvDvf dj sn stfsjslv zHG
c bq?
zKy mrfb zffr hstsYb,
84
*+,(8',! (. * *+)A4v( *m () ( , * ( x7L( , w , >,U ( "( ( ( (% "( > (,o. .> (,U* ( 0AB %\[}
R L&M () {( , ,% . .0 * (* (.4% ", [

ht, `dbyq zfmfv bfmfp, zfmfv ifnbf (jcvhfbD), zfmfv uDhb W
zfmfv mvB, dhh-uoskv iadkiftj zffrv ubA. kf]v sjfb zQwD sb
hQ zfdm ns zfdl rsqdY. zfv zfknmiGBjfvD (mcndtm)slv msLA
zfdm iaKm. (bXm } 162-163)
sjfKfq zffr-Wqftf, zfv sjfKfq siam-hftf? bfpc dhfdr dmb pfdtj.
lc } mfb rfdvsq pfq
siasm isV siadmj kfv Db W mfsbv mk zmCtA LbW rfdvsq hsn zsbj
nmq. zShL iaBsqv jciha dx mc'dmsbv mfbsj lchGt jsv sIst. nkA
skf, sp rlsq zShL bfvD-siam nmfnDb Kfsj, sn rlsq idh zffrv
Hfstfhfnf sjb hfnf h]fLsh? kf jef hfh jKf sp, nfLfvBk} kfvf
shwD zShL bfvD-siasm sI]sn Kfsj, pfslv msb kkef zKhf smfse
zffrv Hfstfhfnf sb.
`zdbhGfB siam'-v sjfb sjfb rkHfof siadmj shDb bfvDv siasm isV,
diaqfv siam W mbsj uq jvsk dosq dbsuv Db kAfo jsv mckGfX rsq hsn!
pfv Ist lcdbqfsk ntfmD zfsb rkAfspfoA zivfL hQ zfsJvfsk
dyvfqD slfpJ hfn jvfv mk ifsi dt rsq pfq!
siam Dblfv pchsjv rlqsjW mfbD dyfLfvf W zffrv dpjXv sKsj
mwXt jsv vfsJ. zsbj nmq bfmfpdtskW siam W siadmjfv jKf Hfhsk
Hfhsk wqkfb kfsj mb mb jKf mvB jdvsq slq sp, kfv bfmfp
z}nfvwCbA rsq isV hQ kfv `WEX-hnX' jvf nfv rq. siadmj pk kfv
siadmjfv (zShLHfsh) jfsY rWqfv syf jsv, dEj kk sn zffr sKsj lCv
rsk Kfsj. zfv Hfsh zffrv Hq W `kfjWqf' LDsv-LDsv rlq sKsj
dhtDb rsq pfq.
dlj dlsq `siam' wqkfsbv mb j rfdkqfv sp, kfv fvf sn nrsu
sbj stfjslvsj Ofsqt jsv Kfsj. dhswN jsv kfv dhvs sp nQoafm shwD
jsv zKhf kf jvfv iadw[B dbsk Kfsj (spmb zfstm, mnduslv mfm,
kfstsh tXm iaHdx k) kfsj nhGfsoa ivf W [f jvfv ubA sn mfvBf
iasqfo j'sv Kfsj. zfv bfvD W zKG-siasmv mfLAsm htDn mcndtm
nmfusj kfv wasq zfstm nialfq sKsj dhdY jvsk hQ zfstmtfmfsj nmfsuv syfsJ Jfsef W OxBA jvsk jxkfKG W ifvm rq. nckvfQ
85
zffrv dbje zfmfslv iafKGbf sp, dkdb spb mcndtm pch-nmfusj

wqkfsbv mb yf W jce-sjZwstv rfk sKsj v[f jsvb hQ mb
tXm lfb jsvb, pfv fvf rlsq `kfjWqf' tfH rq W wqkfb rq tfdkivfHCk.
i[fsv iCBG mc'dmsbv mfb sjfb dlb mfsbv dmkf sYsV jcIvDv
dkkfq dIsv spsk ifsv bf. sp mrfb zffrsj Hfstfhfsn, sn siasmv ickt
c
zuGsbv zfwfq sn Hfstfhfnfsj zidh jvsk ifsv bf. spsrkc mrfbhD
hstsYb,
'0 ", , '% * AB 0k'(Z* . [ &'.ML( (. '1 *' ( h %:'(" A i
( Aj * ( * Z
( 0:DA !, ( P
( (, ?, 0:[h %:"( $f* g(
. '1 .V(8'*q% * %' ( *% !( 4A p [o ? , (&. )( %( *V4( o )( % ( *, 1 , 1mAB . n, ). *m (N4% ( 0k, ). % ( ( *K. &(M,
. LA 0 ? , (9(8q ). % *.V4( o )( ( h* . % ",

pfv msLA dkbde h ifWqf pfsh, sn dkb hv mfLAsm mfsbv dmkf
zbcHh jvsh.
(1) zffr W k]fv vfnct kfv dbje nhGfdLj diaqkm rsh,
(2) sjfb hAdsj sn jmf zffrv ubA Hfstf hfnsh hQ
(3) sn (mcntmfb rWqfv iv) icbvfq jcIvX Dsk dIsv spsk mb ziYl
jvsh, spmb sn zfsb dbd[ rWqfsj ziYl jsv. (hcJfvD 16, mcndtm
174bQ)
zfv mrfb zffr hstsYb,

4q L&M () {, w ; zZ
. n v( * &."( (:),81 }(
pfvf mfb sbsY, kfvf zffrv Hfstfhfnfq lxPkv. (hfjfvfr } 165)
dkb } nafv dpjXv sYsV nxdv dpjXv jvf rq

siam Dblfv pchsjv rlqsjW mfbD dyfLfvf W zffrv dpjXv sKsj
mwXt j'sv vfsJ. j rlsq nCpG W y j nfsK zfstf slq bf. j
rlsq naf W nxdv mvB j nfsK rsk ifsv bf. hvQ dhswN dpjXv bfmfspv
nmqW siasmv mfljkf sb bfmfpDsj bfmfp sKsj ndvsq dbsq pfq.
mdbsk snef wqkfsbv zHAfn. pf msb isV bf, kf msb jdvsq slq
wqkfb. kfrst pf wqsb-isb-dbdw ufovsB nlf-nhGlf msb isV, kfv jKf
dbsq wqkfb bfmfsp jD jvsk ifsv?
mrfbhD hstsYb,
( ,'[ (A'*? (*(R (^( % '() *m '0_(Z t(4'. . '* .* % 0E' ( 4(!% *A*(R ,! (,&. (AB)
86
, , 'p( ( ,N%4( ( :% (! .4[%y() (\( * .k)A&%0_ ( ,[ (A*? (4(!%( *D,! (7x&.g (A*? (\( * .*(R
.( 1 ( %c*h AL% () %AB .\.P04 0\*() 0_(Z .4[h%8() %:[o() %c* ( , .(8*h %4[h%( 8*h %4[h% .[&q()
bfmfspv ubA zfpfb slWqf rst wqkfb iflsk iflsk k lCsv iftfq,
spJfsb zfpfb swfbf pfq bf. zfpfb swN rst zfhfv dIsv zfsn. jfmk
wcv rst icbvfq iftfq. jfmk swN rst bfmfpDv jfsY sn kfv msb
dhdH jcmBf zfbqb jsv hst, èf msb jv, Wef msb jv.' Hfsh
bfmfpDv pf msb dYt bf, kf msb jdvsq slq. v Ist bfmfpD swsN jk
vfjzfk bfmfp iVt, kf ufbsk ifsv bf. (zfrmfl 2/313, hcJfvD 608,
mcndtm 1296bQ, zfhC lfl, bfnf, lfsvmD)
htf hftA, zsbj nmq bfmfpdtsk siam W siadmjfv jKf Hfhsk Hfhsk
wqkfb bfmfpDsj mb mb jKf mvB jdvsq slq sp, kfv bfmfp
z}nfvwCbA rsq isV hQ kfv `WEX-hnX' jvf nfvjKf rq.
rt siasmv sbwf. Ocsmv sbwf KfjstW (bIt) bfmfp iVf dyk bq.
mrfbhD hstsYb,
1 '( (AB ch 'Z 0A? .&0 . % ( (kK( %8)( _0Z
( % [4% ( ?* >; ( ). &( K. (%c[h. Z
( * (( ( (AB ))
.(( . ( p ( nk. ( ?* 4. p, ~% _(% )( .kK( %8)( . 1 ( * AL% )( m $, ( &( K. (
pJb bfmfp iVf zhfq skfmfslv jfsvf klaf zfnsh, kJb kfsj Ocdmsq
pfWqf dyk, pk[B bf kfv Ocm yst pfsh. jfvB, skfmfslv sj pdl klaf
zhfq bfmfp isV, kfrst sn zbcHh jvsk ifvsh bf sp, nhk} sn [mf
iafKGbf jvsk dosq iajk
x is[ dbsusj ofdt dlsY. (hcJfvD 212, mcndtm
1871bQ)
vsk mslv sbwf dbsq bfmfp iVf dbsNL dYt. mrfb zffrv dbslGw dYt,
() {([& [&qU( "( &. * % U( ( _0Z
( (L o* M. %c_. * * * (0 & .!4( q U( *m &."( (:),81 D( )n* )( }
sr dhhfdnoB! skfmvf sbwfv zhfq bfmfspv dbjehkDG rsqf bf, pk[B
bf skfmvf jD htY, kf hcUsk ifv. (dbnf } 43)
idvswsN mlsj rfvfm sOfNBf jvf rt. spsrkc mslv mfljkf fvf wqkfb
mrfb zffrv dpjXvjfvDsj k]fv dpjXv sKsj hQ bfmfpDsj kfv bfmfp sKsj
dhvk vfsJ. dkdb dbslGw dlstb,
87
A * % E0 ' A\'( ( %:'x" $P

% LA .*m% *R (.7 ( *R (4. , % ( (4. % y
( ( 0AB &."( (:),81 D( )n* )( }
>',? N
( '%~( (' ( ( * (.c[o('% !( (^',&.) *. * % E0 . )A4). ( 0AB () (&. ,p U. %c[o1 ( * .V&., _(P
% ?*
a L&M () {(&.D_( "n c._ * %\D( ?* , * 0 A:( (, w 4A h , :( %c[h0 . )( (4A , % ( (4A % y
(
sr dhhfdnoB! ml, ucqf, mCdkGiu
C fv shlD W HfoAdbBGfqj wv OxBA h
wqkfsbv jfu. nckvfQ skfmvf kf huGb jv, pfsk skfmvf nItjfm rsk
ifv. wqkfb skf ml W ucqf fvf skfmfslv msLA wkf W dhsN Oefsk yfq
hQ skfmfslvsj zffrv nvB W bfmfsp hfLf dlsk yfq! zkh skfmvf dj
dbhx rsh bf? (mfdqlfr } 90-91)
zfv siasmv mfljkf mslv mfljkf zsi[f jm bq. spsrkc sn mfljkf
fvfW wqkfb mrfb zffrv dpjXv sKsj siam-ifotsj dhvk vfsJ.
sn bfmfsp l]fVfq sjhtfmcsJ, dj hcsj Kfsj tfqtfv LAfb.
sn bfmfsp l]fVfq mndusl, dj kfv slr snJfsb KfjstW mb Kfsj tfqtfv
srsvsm.
sn mcsJ rqskf lczf-nCvf isV, dj msb msb jsv tfqtfv dpjXv.
Ist bfmfsp Hct rq, nslr rq. iafq bfmfsp nc dnulf tfso.
j siadmsjv bfm dYt lf. kfsj ifWqfv ubA bfmfsp lczf jvk,
. (~, ( (9 p* ( (q* _n (( D. * +[*WM% * %>xAB 0cD. w *
c f ztzfIf-If ztdobf.
yfvB}- zff-mf D zfnzftcjft lf zkXkj
zKG}- sr zffr! dbyq zfdm skfmfv dbje lf (drlfqfk), ivsrpofvD,
zwDtkf rsk idhkf hQ nYtkf iafKGbf jvdY. (mcndtm 7079bQ)
j zfvhD siadmjf kfv siadmjsj swA jsv dtsJsY,
...
vS> !+P Z
.. S \" + & > ! o) m Z
! &:" &K Z
zKGf{, pJb zfdm bfmfspv mskf vfsk skfmfv nfsK mcbfufk (dIndIdnsq
jsKfijKb) jdv.
pJb kcdm YfVf zfmfv ubA idvfsBv zfwf Kfsj bf.
pJb zfmfslvsj siam jdk jsv, pf bfmfpnmCr rsk nkA. (idjf `zftqAfjfpfr', nQJAf 49)
sHsh slsJf, kfv siasmv LAfb, bfmfspv LAfb zsi[f swa! mrfb zffr jk
hV LpGwDt!!
88
jk mrfb sn siam, sp siam mrfb hflsk hfLf nxd jsv. kfsk lfnA W
ofItdk zfbqb jsv. mrfb zffrv mvB sYsV mubc tfqtfv mvsB iah
x
rq. zfv mrfb zffrv LAfb sYsV tfqtf mubcv LAfsb dhsHfv rq!
yfv } dhufdkv zbcjvB
siasmv ifotvf mcndtm rsqW zsbj nmq zmcndtmslv zfbcjvB jsv.
kfvf dhufdkv zbcjvsB siam jsv. tft Ict dlsq siam dbshlb jsv. ifjG,
nmc-njk iaHdx k ufqofq dbuGsb siamftfi jsv. dhw-Hfstfhfnf dlhn
iftb jsv. tft softfi, tft sjj W tft sifwfsjv iakDj hAhrfv jvfv
mfLAsm sndlb kfvf mc W fLDbHfsh sOfvfsIvf j'sv zfbl isHfo
jsv! tfu-tf dhdtsq dlsq iajfswA stfjfvsBA siamucdevf Oscv shVfq!
sndlb kfvf dhswNHfsh siasmv iadkwadk bhfqb jsv. sndlb kfslv slv
dlb. hvQ kfv yfskW shdw zfbslv dlb!
mrfbhD hstsYb,
. %cD. % ", &( D. ?* &% q* !, ( 0E( U( %:"(
sp hAd sp ufdkv zbcjvB jvsh, sn hAd sn ufdkv ltHc.
(zfhC lfl 4033, n} ufsm' 6149bQ)
i]fy } zwDtkfv ifsi uVfsbf

siasmv tfqtf-mubcslv msLA zsbsj idh siam jvfv lfhD jsv. dj
zfnst kfv siasmv msLA wvDqskv dhsvfdLkf j'sv bfbf zivfL W ifsi
udVk rsq isV. spmb }zShL lxdifk.
zShL jKfhfkGf W siamftfi.
zShL dbuGbkf zhtb.
zShL iwG. zKy wvDqk hst,
.((. * n\, U( m *4( "% 0( )( % *%:", . * 4$ %5
( X ), Z
( %:", X (y
% , !, \P
. L( AL( >,? (:( ). %*R))
sjfb hAdv mfKfq stZr ncy fvf sJ]fyf pfWqf Hfstf, khcW sp bfvD kfv ubA
zShL kfsj iwG jvf Hfstf bq. (kfhfvfbD 16880-16881, dn} nrDrfr 226 bQ)
idvswsN zShL dmtb W hAdHyfv. kfviv oHGifk. kfviv zfsvf jk djYc
wvDqk-dhsvfLD jmGjDdkG! bfpc dhfdr dmb pfdtj.
Hfsh hck hf siam-Hfstfhfnfv bfsm jk pchj zwDtkfq udVsq iVsY,
jk pchkD siasmv sbfQvf blGmfq isV dbsuv tfwDtkf, ilGf W nkDk
rfvfsY, kfv qf sb. nckvfQ zffrv ifbfr.
89
Yq } dikfmfkfv zhfLAfyvB
siam zdbhGfB vfJsk dosq kvB-kvBDvf spmb wvDqskv dhvfyvB
jvsY, skmdb zhfLA rsY zfib dikfmfkfv. sp dikf zfost svsJ svsJ
dbvfil idvshsw kfslv iadkiftb jsv, sp mfkf hcsj Lsv svsJ jk snrmfqf-mmkf dlsq kfslv tftb-iftb jsv, nfhftj-nfhfdtjf rsq sn
dikfmfkfv zhfLAfyvB jsv.
kfslv jKf zmfbA jsv.
kfslvsj bf ufdbsq syfsvv mskf tcdjsq dhsq jsv.
zsbj nmq zhfdk mfbcN hfdVsk Tcdjsq dikfmfkfv msb j slq.
ifdtsq sKsj divDk bosv hnhfn j'sv kfslvsj j slq.
zfsvf jk djsnv mfLAsm siasmv tfqtf-mubc W sndtm-zfbfvjdtvf mfhfsiv msb zfOfk slq. Hfstfhfnfv mfbcNdesj n jvsk dosq dyv
Hfstfhfnfv dikfmfkfsj zn jsv. zfv kfv Ist mrfb iadkiftjsj
kfvf vfofdhk jsv.
mrfbhD hstsYb,
.((, , &(, y
( M( >,? x740 [ y
( M( ( , , &(
( LA >,? * ( U(* (L( (U( x740
( LA ))
dikf-mfkfv ndsk vsqsY zffr kfhfvfjf zkfzftfv nd, zfv
kfslv zndsk vsqsY k]fv znd. (dkvdmpD 1899, rfsjm 7249, hfppfv
2394, kfhfvfbD, dntdntfr nrDrfr 516bQ)
dikfmfkfv hczfsj isvfqf jsv bf, kfslv nfbvf kfslv nfsK j

zfyvB jvsh, sn Hq jsv bf. Hq jsv bf nmfusj, Hq jsv bf ntfmD
zfbsj. spsrkc kfoCkD zfb kfslv nrspfdokf W dbvfif lfb jsv.
dj sjfKfq pfsh sn dhyfsvv dlb, spdlb dhyfvjslvW dhyfv rsh.
90
zShL siasmv mfbdnj [dknmCr

1. siam mfbcNsj z W hdLv jsv
zShL siam pJb iaht iakfsiv nfsK msbv dnQrfnsb hsn vfuk jsv,
kJb sn mfbcNsj jfbf-jftf W shfhf hfdbsq sIst. kJb sn pfsj
Hfstfhfsn, kfv sjfb de sn slJsk ifq bf.
`blD pJb hNGfv ust idviCBG rqf iahfdrk rq, kJb sn dj t[A jdvsk
ifsv utvfdw djHfsh zfdnqf kfrfv h[ iCBG jdvqf dlsksY? bh-spZhsbv
rlq pJb jfbfq jfbfq Hfstfhfnfq Hdvqf WsE, kJb siamfislv jk de
t[A rq bf.'
jlf hflwf rfvb vwDl zfnmfqDsj dufnf jvstb, `siasmv vi jD?'
sv dkdb htstb, `kf mb dudbn sp, siadmjfv B hBGbfq rlq zfik
c
vfsJ hQ kfv de lwGsb z Kfsj. nckvfQ siadmjfv di]qfsuv oW jvD
tfso.'
zfvhD jdh hstsYb,
) U. y :o ... . [=. h \h : 4
zKGf{, nsfsNv lxd iaskAj de zbcHh jvsk lchGtkfv dwjfv rq, dj
znsfsNv lxd iajfw jsv h de.
D"& > p ? ... E D B +_)&K
zKGf{, zfdm skfmfsj HfstfshsndY, kf zfmfv syfsJ ilGf isV sosY.
zk}iv kf pJb smfdyk rt, kJb dbsuv mbsj H{Gdnk j'sv dYdhdYb jvtfm.
siam pk hxd ifq, siadmsjv iadk dev zfwf kk shsV yst.
swaBDv Hfstfhfnfsk siadmj pfv-iv-bf lfv W [mfwDt rq. kfv jfsY
sjfb dev ubA lc}J iajfw jvst nfsK nfsK sn hst, `Hfstfhfnfsk ndv
sb, Hfstfhfnfsk Lc Hfstfhfnf.'
sp pfsj Hfstfhfsn, sn kfv dhvs sjfb djYc bsk yfq bf. bsk yfq
bf kfv nmfstfybf. bsk yfq bf kfv sjfb slfsNv jKf. mfbsk yfq bf kfv
sjfb iamfdBk zivfL!
sp pfsj Hfstfhfsn, sn kfv dhvs djYc htskW yfq bf.
`siam HfNfv zsi[f jsv bf. zsvv zfnDb rsq zsv zsv jKf
htsk swsJ. HfNf-dhsvfsL rqskf Hfh iajfw bf rWqfq dhO Ose, dj
91
zsvv durf iCBG jfsu slq.'

Hfthfnf pJb zfsn, kJb sjfb drnfh bf jsN zfsn. slsJ bf siadmsjv
dev jKf, Hfsh bf siadmsjv sjfb zfkDq-usbv slfsNv jKf. mb pfsj
yfq, kfsj sjfb dlbW OxBf jvf pfq bf. sjfb dhsvfLD mhA sbW sn siasmv
if Kfsj.
dhwaD rstW siadmsjv syfsJ sn rq dhwnclvD.
jecHfND rstW sn rq nhfv yfsk shdw mLcvHfND.
zivfLD rstW durf kfsj zfOfk rfbsk yfq bf.
rt z siam. siasm sjfb Hfstf-mslv dhyfv sb. Jfsb sjfb
bAfqivfqBkf sb. pfsj Hfstfhfdn, kfv nhef Hfstf.
dj mb z siadmj-siadmjfvf ufsb bf hf hcsU bf sp, `Hfstfhfnf Hfstf,
dj Hfstfhfnfq z rWqf Hfstf bq.'
kfvf ufsb bf sp, sjfb djYcv dHksv sKsj kfv slfN-de busv isV bf.
nfLfvBk} sp hAd sp hv dHksv Kfsj, sn kfv de slJsk ifq bf.
sp hAd kfv dHksv iashw bf j'sv hfsv Kfsj, snW kfv de slJsk
ifq bf.
dj sp kfv dHksv Kfjfv iv shv rsq zfsn, sn kfv de iakA[ jvsk
ifsv.
jfvsB bW mcndtmvf umok mcndtm zsi[f ntfsmv iadk shdw
wafwDt.
sp nfrfhfoB ntfsm lDd[k rsqdYstb, k]fvf mcndtm rsq um sbWqf
nfrfhfoB zsi[f zsbj swa.
mfv dhb Jffh hstsYb,
. *=0 ,K, 3
( %94A % )( %c* %:"( A * M% A > ,? *WE( ( (B (4% . (4% . A * M% A (4. .}q* % U. ( 0B
`ntfmsj j dJ j dJ j'sv (LDsv LDsv) b j'sv sIst, sp hAd
ntfsm tfdtk-ifdtk rq, zfv ufsrdtqfksj sysb bf.' zKhf `ntfmvdwv dJ jef jef j'sv b rsq pfsh, pdl ntfsm mb hAd tfdtkifdtk rq, sp ufsrdtqfksj sysb bf.' (mfumC IfkfWqf, hsb kfdmqAfr
10/301, mflfdvucn nfdtjDb 1/343)
zHd, z i[ifdkk W zsiam mfbcsNv i-dlaqsj dhb W

zyt j'sv sIst. sn kJb dbu sJqft-JcwDv kfshlfv rsq pfq. HdHvf
siammq msb HdHfub W siamfislv njt djYcsj Hfstf msb jsv hQ
sn pfsj Hfstf msb jsv, sn jmf Hfstf rq hQ kfv LfvBf msk, kfv
92
msLA sjfb slfN Kfjsk ifsv bf.

mrfb zffr hstsYb,
'* ( (\( P
( (, , * (, , % M( * ( (c_(5
( (c , * ( . 1 . 1
( * (.V&(K( . D( * AB (8y
( U0 A:"( ()% * 4( ?* * }
= g d L&M () {(.4h1 (8U( * ?* * , 1 , % !( :," , ), D% )( :( ?* (E( , ,V4A ( !(

kcdm dj t[A jsvY kfsj, sp kfv sJqft-JcwDsj dbsuv ifnA hfdbsq
dbsqsY? zffr susbsb kfsj dhf jsvsYb hQ kfv jBG W rlq
smfrv j'sv dlsqsYb hQ kfv syfsJv Wiv svsJsYb ilGf. zkh, zffr
mfbcNsj dhf jvfv iv sj kfsj iKdbslGw jvsh? khcW dj skfmvf
islw oarB jvsh bf? (ufdNqfr } 23)
2. siam mfbcNsj dbtG jsv
mfbdnj svfoDv jde rlsvfo rt, sn dbtG W Lx rsq pfq. dhswN j'sv
zShL siam iajfw rWqfv Ist sn dbsuv tfu-tfsj dhnuGb slq.
sn tf jsv bf dbu iadkiftjsj. pdlW dkdb shdw rjlfv sp, k]fsj
nhfv yfsk shdw tf jvf rsh.
tf jsv bf dbsuv zdHHfhj W vubslvsj.
tf jsv bf nmfsuv mfbcNsj.
sjfb siam-ifotD smsqsj pdl dufnf jvf rq, `r]f sTmb skfv tfu
sjmb?' kJb sn sv hst, `tfu Kfjst zfhfv r sTmb.' mcsJ bf
htstW kfv zfjxdk-iajdx k, Hfh-Hd, ytb-zfyvB sn jKf hst.
kfvf hst, `djsnv tf djsnv Hq, siam-divDsk nh nq.'
zShL siam sp jsv, kfv tfu-tf Kfsj bf. tf rq bf hfsiv hfdVv
stfjsj, tf jsv bf wv hfdVv stfjubsj, tf jsv bf ufmfsj W
kfv hfdVv stfjubsj. spsrkc kfv idvshsw kJb dbtG mfbcsNv lt
osV WsE.
kfv Hf-shfb, sYst-smsq zfsvf zbAfbAvf njst iYl jsv dhsq jsv
zKhf `dtH ecsolfv' jsv.
sj hQwDq mpGflfv jKf mvB jvfst Lxsv mskf hst,
`jct Hfs skf sHs pfj, srfj jt pdl rq,
jct Hfs bf sp blDv, sn blD skf blD bq.'
mrfbhD hstsYb,
.(((Y% v, "( %^(% ?* A>% _(% U( %c* (AB , &0 .n A * h* %:", . 0 * L( % *0 ", 0AB))
93
iaKm bhczskv hfBDnmCsrv pf stfsjvf sisqsY kfv msLA jde hfBD

sp, skfmfv tf bf Kfjst pf mb kf jv. (zfrmfl 17090, hcJfvD 3484,
zfhC lfl 4799, hsb mfufr 4183, nrDt ufsm 2230bQ)
zShL Hfstfhfnfv zfofsofVf dbtGkf. nc dhshjhfb mfbcN kf zhwA

zDjfv jsv bf. siasm iakAfJAfk j siadmjfv mcsJ swfsbf,
`sjb ksh sjsV dbst tfu-zfhvB!
rlsqv fv srsb hfdrsv zfdbst sesb,
swsN dj isKv mfsU jdvsh huGb?
Hfstfhfnf kfW pdl dIsv sbsh swsN
sjb tf sjsV dbst, jfdjbD sYsV dlst
dhwft Hshv mfsU dhhnbf shsw.'
3. siam mfbcNsj ifot hfdbsq YfsV
siam skf rsk ifsv. siam skf j iajfv pflc. sjfb iajfsvv msbv dmt hf
zfjNGB nxd rst hQ iahdx v sFfv tfofmrDbHfsh sYsV dlst `Hfstfhfnf'
nxd rq. sjfb iajfv Hfstf stso sost rt. Db, nil, vi hf hQw; jfvB
pf srfj bf sjb, msbv Hfstf tfof nhfv wDsNG. Hfstf tfofv jfsY dhshjW
rfv smsb pfq. njt dhyfv-dhshybf dhjt rsq isV. jc{dnk rstW
siadmsjv syfsJ sn rq dhwnclvD. zivfL jvstW kfv njt Hct Ict vi
lxdsofyv rq. siam mfbcNsj z W hdLv jsv skfst. shrfqf W dbtG
j'sv sIst, j'sv sIst zdv-dy W zLG-ifot.
`syksbsk zsykb, siasm efsb pfv mb.'
siam zfsb lfnA W zfbkf. siam jsv iadkHf b.
`mfbshv msb siam rst iaht,
hcd-fb nmclq pfq vnfkt.
hfsOv dbjse jfsvf Jfse bf wd,
siasmv rfskW bv dbvifq zdk.
siam pdl ufso msb fb bfdr vq,
dhshsjv fb kKf bfdrj dbyq.
hAfsev zLDsb pKf yst nlf ht,
siasmv zLDsb kKf siadmj njt.'
jk mfbdnj iDVf sn hfnf h]fsL divDk-mlAifsb sbwfoa siadmsjv msb.
jJsbf hf msbv h]fLbsj ]se vfJsk bf sisv mb zfyvB jsv hsn, pf
94
fHfdhj syfsJ rfnAjv. ifostv mk zfyvB jsvW dbsusj hDv Hfsh.

dbsusj ncivc N sHsh pfvf siam jsv bf kfslvsj jficvN msb jsv. dbsusj
`drsvf' sHsh kfsj `dusvf' LfvBf jsv.
zsbj nmq mb siasmv mubcsj slsJ msb rq sp, kfsj sj pflc jsvsY.
zsbsj zivfL Vfhfv ubAW jKf dbsu hst Kfsj. dj zfnt jKf
sp, siasmv sysq hV pflc zfv djYc sb.
zfHfdhj zfyvsBv ubA siasmv bfqj stfsjv syfsJ dbdlk rq. kfv
hlbfm YdVsq isV nmfsu. siam-nfLbfq dndtfH bf rst zsbsj zfs[si
sHs isV. zsbj nmq Hfsh `mfY Lvh, zKy ofsq jflf tfofh bf.' dj
idvswsN sn siasmv ltlst kdtsq pfq, bkchf zbA sj kfv ofsq jflf
dYdesq slq. zhswsN siamW nfItA ifq bf. zKy mfUJfb sKsj wCbA rfsk
ifq wcLc hlbfm zfv zimfb.
`sp nh iakDj iadkmfv siasm sjsesY lDOG dlb,
pfslv ubA dbdlk zfdm stfsjv ys[ rDb.
kcsY ifs kfvf zfmfv FcdhsqsY JAfdk-pw,
tOc nDk dhdjsq zfmfv ncbfm wCsbA tDb.'
i[fsv jub mc'dmsbv dyk bq, lfnDb rWqf, dbsusj zil W
tfdk jvf, zShL iaBsq isV zfHfdhj zfyvB jvf.
`msl sbwf rq, dj siasmv sbwf zfsvf sOfv.' sbwfv sOfsv sjfb zfOfskv
jKf pKfnmsq hcUsk ifsv bf. zhwA sbwf sjse sost sn hAKf zbcHk
C rq.
icvN pdlW nhdjYc dbsq sJtsk ifsv, dj siam kfsj dbsq zfuh sJtf
sJst. siasmv mflbf kfsj zdv W yt j'sv skfst. siadmjf lCsv nsv
sostW kfv mxdk kfsj HDNBHfsh j slq.
`nxdk kh dlhfvf dys mm o]fKf,
rlsq zfnDb vi sn mLcv jKf.'
hAKf W shlbfq mb ebeb jsv. sjfKf rsk rlsq zfjNGB zfsn. kfv efsb
spb iafB dY]sV spsk yfq.
`sysb kfrf siam, ufsb wcLc iafB,
sjfKf rsk zfsn k zjfvsB
iafsB iafsB shlbfv efb.'
mslv sbwf sKsj siasmv sbwf sOfvkv. siasmv sbwf mfbcNsj fbwCbA
jsv, mfbdnj dhjfvoa jsv. siamsvfoDv zfyvB zfHfdhj rsq pfq. kfv
uDhsbv nh djYc spb te-ifte rsq pfq. dhswN j'sv siadmj pdl
95
dhhfdrk icvN hf mdrtf rq, kfrst mfbdnj HfvnfmArDbkfv zfwf shdw

Kfsj. jfvB zdhhfdrskv kctbfq dhhfdrskv hfLf shdw, dhil shdw. kf
siasmv sufqfsv sHsn lc jct nfmft slWqfv slfefbfq isV rlsvfso
zffW rsk ifsv.
siadmsjv msbv dnQrfnsb pJb siadmjf idviCBH
G fsh zdLdkf rsq pfq, kJb
kfsj jfsY bf ifWqf ipG zdk j'sv skfst. kfv mvB W LAfb, kfsj jfsY
ifWqfv jfmbf W jibf, kfv nfsK dmtsbv loa hfnbf, kfsj dyvnD hfbfhfv
kDha zfjNGB kfv mdsjv dHksv dhjxdk W dhwxJtf nxd jsv.
siam hV zfypG. jvh bf HfhstW rsq pfq. oHDsv pfh bf nQji
jvstW siam kfsj sesb dbu oHDsv zhkfvB jsv. spsrkc kfv
snafkiahfsrv mfsU mfsU OcBGfhkG Kfsj, pf ifj sJsq sJsq Ocvsk Kfsj hQ
isvv Hfnmfb hsj dbsy Fcdhsq slq. rffHfsh Hfnh htstW sn
OcBGfhkG kfsj oHDsv kdtsq slq.
siam iaKm iaKm dmd tfso. LDsv LDsv oHDv rsk rlq-msb hfnf h]fsL.
swsN snef rlsvfso idvBk rq hQ nh swsN siam mfbcNsj rkAf jsv.
zfvhD jdh hstsYb,
\_ V45 cqM M ...
k ? 5
zKGf{, zShL HfstfhfnfwCbA rsq uDhb LfvB jv. bsy{ siasmv iaKm rt
j, mLAm rt hAfdL hQ nhGswN rt rkAf.
zbA j jdh hstsYb,
`) ! \q_M ? ... È _Z È ! ^ &U
4 D " :o ? ... =P&" D =d L
zKGf{, siasm zfoarD Kfjsk Kfjsk siam jsv sItt. zk}iv pJb siam
dbsq Yl rt, kJb kf dbqsBv hfsv yst sot.
nfmcdj ifdbv slftf slsJ sT Hfht. dj pJb sn kfv jhdtk rt,
kJb dbmdk rt.
vsk Hfhf rq, `nmcs yVh, iv dHufh bf.' dj LDsv LDsv iv-nr kfv
zkt oHDsv kdtsq pfq siadmj.
sn zkt kt sKsj dIsv zfsn, nfLA jfv?
siasmv ltlt sKsj shv rsq zfsn nfLA jfv?
siasmv ifotfdmv dydj{nf jsv sn nfLA sjfb dydj{nsjv?
ifotfdm sjht siadmj-siadmjfv zfyvsB Kfsj bf. hvQ kfslv
96
jKfhfkGfq zndk W zfHfdhjkf iajfw ifq. hvQ mcndtm rsq zsbj

nmq mb znk jKf hst, pf sjht ifot zKhf jfsIvvf htsk ifsv.
spmb j siam-ifot jstmf wfrflskv bjt j'sv kfv siadmjfsj hstsY,
! mB 4" m Dv
zKGf{, zfdm nf[A dldY sp, kcdm YfVf zbA sjfb smsq sb!
siadmjfv nfsK h bdId W ifi jvfv iv mfjfsm hafrDsmv jfsY
kWhfv bfsm sn hstsY,
.7& 4h q? > p P :L ) + B 7&U
! 7&U m > ? DUL )> h4U
&K : "
zKGf{, sr jvBfmq! zfdm dbsuv iadk sp zbAfq jsvdY, kf sKsj skfmfv
dbje kWhf jvdY. spsrkc ifi zsbj shdw rsq sosY.
dj tfqtfv siam W kfv nfsK nf[fskv hAfifsv kWhf jvsk ifvh bf!
zff zfjhfv!
j siadmjsj htf rt, `Wsj skfmfv mb sKsj mcsY sIstf.' sv sn
htt, `zfdm sJflfsj mb sKsj mcYsk ifdv, khcW zfmfv tfqtfsj mb sKsj
mcYsk ifvh bf!'
zfv j siam-ifot hstsY, `sr zffr! kcdm bfvDsj k snZlpG dlsq
nxd jsvY, zk}iv kfv dlsj syfJ kcst kfdjsq slJsk dbsNL jsvY. ef
skfmfv zbAfq iaHc!'
nchrfbffr! tf tfrf ffr!
aL 1 h B> DP&! K& i 1 B > L
) k &d( c. D]Z :o 4vB >! "
zKGf{, zfdm slJdY, bfmfspv nmq zfdm kfv iadk zdHmcJ jvdY; pdlW
mcnff zfmfv diYsb vsqsY.
zfdm dwjG jvsk yf bf, dj kfv Hfstfhfnf W siasmv kDha shlbf
dydj{njsjW jf j'sv sIstsY!
bfpc dhfdr dmb pfdtj.
ufdb bf kfslv msbv Jhv W dbqk. kf dj hA hf irfn, bfdj rlq
dhwfsnv nf[A?
dhyfv jv sr tfqtf-mubcv lt! hfQtf ibAfn, jfhA, bfej, dnsbmf
kAfdlskW mb jk wk jKf ifsh.
97
4. siam stJfiVfq znIt jsv

siam rt jef mb softsmst hAfifv, pfv mfLAsm mfbcsNv zsbj djYc
softmft rsq pfq. nchdc v mfKf JfWqf pfq. Hfstf Yfsv ncdhbA iVfswfbfq
kftsoft sJsq pfq. `jJsbf sJsqf bfsjf kfst zfv sOfst, jJsbf Hcstf
bfsjf sTmsbv shfst' iahfl Hcst dosq ivD[fq soff sJsq Kfsj. jcd] V
zhfq Icstv mk iadkHf uDhb sKsj Usv isV. siasmv ivsw mfbdnj yfi
hxd ifq, ncdyfv fbsj jcdyf sn uhvlJt jsv sbq. Ist zLAqb pfq,
qb pfq, v rq fb dw[fv lcqfv.
siasm isV Yf-YfD mxdkwd lchGt jsv, zjfvsB nmq b jsv, vfd
ufovB jsv. nDv mb v[f jvsk dosq hfsv spsk rq, Oefv iv Oef
sIfsb jKf htsk rq zKhf zb tfsb yAfe jvsk rq. kJb iVfswfbfv
zfv nmq sjfKfq?
mfbdnj pBfq isV h smLfhD YfYfD idvswsN soffq pfq. siasmv
uftfq zsbsj iVfswfbf h j'sv slq.
5. zsybfv iakD[f
h siadmj-siadmjf zfsY, pfvf sjfb iadn mfbcNsj Hfstfhfsn zKhf kfsj
Hfstfshsn sIst, sp kfsj Hfstfhfsn bf, kfsj ufsb bf W sysb bf zKhf
Hfstfhfsn sjfb [BfqD iahfnD hf mcnfdIvsj. zk}iv zsi[fq dlhfvfd
oBbf jsv. kfv nfsK bf slJf rq, bf sjfb spfofspfo Kfsj. idh siasmv
hsbv jk n zfsn. zdHHfhj kfv sn n ifjf j'sv dhhfr dlsk
yfq. dj sn bfbf dmKAf Wuv sldJsq dhhfsr zDjfv jsv hQ zsi[f jsv
sn zsybf idKsjv. vfskv yfstfsj nclvD rfnrc fbf rsq iaIcdek rsq
snZvH dhkvB jsv. dj zfjfswv y sn Jhv vfsJ bf. khcW dn
suAf{nfstfj sisq ysv iakD[fq Kfsj, jsh kfv iBG-jcdesv dlk rsh!
sn kfv iBG-jcdevsj nfdusq vfsJ. nfdusq vfsJ bfbf Ict dlsq, kfv bfbf
Ydh dlsq sp kfsj sysbW bf. dhLhfv mskf wshhvfskv vfsk hfdk ufdtsq
zsi[f jsv. LfvBf jsv, kfv iaqfk fmD dIsv zfnsh Osv! jibfq kfv
nfsK jKf hst, kfv sjfb mxdkdyr dbsq hfvhfv ycb jsv. sJftf ufbftfq
vfskv zfjfsw dbdbGsmN kfdjsq Kfsj, iJDvfu sOfVfq sV jJb zfnsh
kfv siv vfuic?
98
db}nslsr de jde mfbdnj svfo. svfsov Ist bfvD slsr mb

rvsmfb [vB rq, pfv Ist dhw hYv hqnD sjfb sjfb kvBDv ofst lfdV
oufsk slJf pfq! (zrfmct 20ix})
6. msbv wfd W dv db}swN
zShL tcsjfycdv siasm iVst v sKsj swN ipG msb wfd W d Kfsj
bf. nlf nhGlf do W {jf mbsj ktf j'sv vfsJ. zufbf sjfbX
zivfsLv zdbhfpG wfd spb kfVf j'sv shVfq. siasmv ictj W ifishfsLv
zd syfsJv Ocm sjsV sbq.
susbW ufsb bf siadmj-siadmjf, kf zfuDhb jsHfo jsv.
`siasmv zfbl Kfsj Lc i[B,
siasmv shlbf Kfsj nm uDhb.'
`siam mfbcNsj wfd slq, dj d slq bf.' `siam rt ut LCsiv mskf,
pfv v rt zfb dlsq, zfv swN idvBdk rq Yf dlsq. kfv mfsU nchfn
rt siam-uDhsbv mfsU mfsU djYc zfbl.'
kfv nfsK nf[fskv ubA mb ktf Kfsj. sp dlsb kfv nfsK slJf rq bf,
sn dlb hV tf rq. zfv sp hYsv kfv nfsK slJf rq, sn hYv hV nQjDBG
rq.
siadmj-siadmjf siam-uDhsb zbcHh jsv dy-dhs[i W dvsv shlb.
`pksb pfkbf hfsV Hfstfhfnf sjmb,
zdbkA sn zbcvfo zwfdv dbsjkb.'
siasm iakAfJAfk rst zKhf siasmv j]fyf It sh]fef Jsn mfdesk iVst
mfbdnj pBf h zfv jD zfsY siasm? kJb siadmj-siadmjf htsk hfLA rq,
`siam j'sv iv nsb ifskdY pfkbf,
iafBnm Hfdh isv iv zfib rt bf.
bf hcsU mdutfm isv bf Hfdh jD rsh isv,
Jb bf ufdb isv jk rsh tfbf.'
ef pdl kfslv vv jKf rq, kfrst
`hdklf wXj rAfq svfkf rAfq djqf,
zfso zfso slsJf srfkf rAfq djqf?'
kJb siadmjf htsh,
`mvsm tcjfsbf jk lcJ Tfdjqf vsqdY mfbmcJ,
j]fdlhfv bf zhnv jKf bf Lc Ifse hcj.'
99
zfv siadmj htsh,

`zfdm zfjfw Y]sc qdY, y Y]sc qdY, Y]sc qdY oarkfvf,
Lc skfmfv rlq Y]sc q zfdm rsqdY dlswrfvf.'
zdHHfhsjv wfnb W nmfsuv nmfstfybf QOb j'sv siasmv zfblsj
iCBGmffq isHfo jvf jdEb rsq isV.
fmDsj sL]fjfq svsJ zKhf Dsj I]fdj dlsq siam yfdtsq pfWqfv isK hV
U]dc j Kfsj. snfbfv nQnfsv zfb tfofv HDNB Hq spb kfVf j'sv shVfq.
siadmj hf siadmjf Hct hcUst, sn Hct HffskW zsbj JV-jfE sifVfsk
rq. bsy{ sn Hct wCt rsq zfuDhb hcsj dh]Lsk Kfsj.
jtsv jfdtmf mcsJ tfdosq njstv nfmsb mcJ sldJsq nQnfv jvf lc}nfLA
rsq pfq.
ifEfsbf siami, svjFG jvf sIfsbv siamjKf zKhf zfidjv dHdFW Ydh
iajfswv Hq Kfsj. mfsU mfsU msb iVst ofsq j]fef dlsq WsE. siasmv jfhfh
dyhfsk dyhfsk rfd sEsj mcsJ. Ej siadmj kf iajfw jvfv mdj dlsq
kfsj sHfo jvsk Kfsj. zKy kfv jiekfv jKf ufbfv isvW sjfb
iadkjfv, iadkhfl hf iadksvfL jvfv [mkf jfsY Kfsj bf.
jfsvf nfsK sjfb msbfmfdtbA rst jKfq jKfq sJ]fef dlsq zShL siasmv
jDdkG mvB jdvsq slq. `sjfseG-yfif-smsq' zKhf `shdvb ucbD-mfoD' hst
stfsj kfdYtA jsv. siasmv softfi tfH jsvW kfv j]fefv dh]Ldc b nrA jvf
hV lcjv rsq pfq.
jusbv nfsK siam-Hfstfhfnfq lDOG nmq jfdesq zbA jusbv nfsK
nQnfv jvfskW hV zwfd W zd zfsY. rEf{ jJb icvsbf siasmv suv
bkcb uDhsb kcIfb zfbqb jsv. rEf{ jJb kfv sIfb hf dydE zfsn. rEf{
jJb sn dbsu sn idk rq bkcb uDhsbv fviafs. njt Hfhbf W
zfwf siasmv jflfmfJf mbsj zdk j'sv skfst.
ntfsmv slWqfv nvt isK sp ytsk bf yfq, wfdv LsmGv dhLfbfbcnfsv sp
dbsuv uDhb idvyfdtk jvsk bf yfq, kfsj zhwA h]fjf isK dhisl isV
bfbf zwfd sHfo jvsk rq.
mrfb zffr nkA hstsYb,
() { ( % * ,="( ( q, &( % )( .V4. E. % ( (o
( =E( , "( . * 0A?* A4h , :( (4( % * %:"( } (
sp zfmfv nvB sKsj dhmcJ rsh, zhwA kfv rsh nQjDBGkfmq uDhb
hQ zfdm kfsj djqfmskv dlb z zhfq dk jvh. (kf-rf } 124)
100
7. zfkdhwfn dhtDb
siasm sL]fjf sJst, iakAfJAfk rst zKhf iadkwadk H sist zfkdhwfn
rfdvsq pfq. pfv Ist siadmj mb mfbdnj svfsov dwjfv rq sp, sn
zfkdhwfn rfdvsq sIst. zbA zfv jfsvf nfsKW sp nQnfv jvf zKhf
bkcb j'sv Hfstfhfnf nh, sn jKf sn dhwfn jvsk ifsv bf. zsbAv
nfsKW sp ncsJ nQnfv jvf pfq, zsbAv jfsYW sn ncsJv zfwf jvf pfq, kf sn
Hvnf jvsk ifsv bf. iakfvBf kfsj mb zfOfkiaf jsv sp, zsbAv
hAfifsvW sn ndlrfb rsq isV.
k siam, k mLcv jKf, k dbkA-bkcb iadkwadk, kf nsW kfsj sYsV
zbAsj dhsq? k Hfstfshsn swsN k zhsrtfv Lff sn nfmft dlsk ifsv
bf. Ist sn dbsusj zbA jfsvf zbcipc zKhf zbA jfsj dbsuv ipc
hst dhwfn jvsk ifsv bf. idvswsN zfuDhb zdhhfdrk sKsj mfbdnj
iDVfq iDdVk zhfq rjft kAfo jsv.
jk dbjx siasmv uDhb! jk dhwaD siam-lcdbqf.
zShL siasmv nfmfduj [dknmCr

zShL siam-Hfstfhfnfv nfmfduj [dk zsbj. iafq Osv-Osv kfv sjfb bf
sjfb jef [dkv suv slJf pfq. ifdvhfdvj zwfd sKsj dbsq jfvfofsvv
zjfvfY uDhb zKhf uDhb-tDtf nf rq kfv nhGswN idvBdk.
snf, zfmvf jec dhfdvk zfstfybf j'sv sn [dknmCsrv idvmfBef
smfefmcde zbcmfb jdv.
1. dhhfr W nQnfv bf jvf
zsbj siadmj-siadmjf mb zfsY, pfvf mcnfdIv siadmsjv dIsv zfnfv
zsi[fq dhhfr jsv bf. spsrkc kfvf ufsb, sn YfVf uDhsb sj ncJ zfbsk
ifsv bf. sn Hfstfhfnfv jKf ufsb hf bf ufsb, sn rq zjfv uDhsbv
zfstf. sn rq z syfsJv lxd. sn rq mvmq uDhsbv mvlAfb.
zsbj s[s mbW rq sp, jmf msbv mfbcNde zsbAv nfsK dhhfrhsb zfh rsq nQnfv jsv. zKy sn zfuDhb kfv zsi[f jvsk Kfsj.
rt sofib siasmv zfuh ifotfdm.
zsbj nmq `zffrv jnm! jcvzfb Y]sc q htdY, uDhsb zfdm skfmfsj
YfVf zbA jfsj dhsq jvh bf.' wiK W zDjfv zfuDhb iftb jsv.
101
zsbj s[s mb rq sp, Hfstfhfnfv mfbcNde mfvf pfq. zKhf lDOG

Hfstfhfnf W dhhfsrv iadkwadkv iv sn kf v[f jvsk ifsv bf. zhwA
kfsk kfv zucrfk Kfsj. zKhf sn kfsj iakfdvk jsv. zKhf sn kfsj
sjfb fsKG iakAfJAfb jsv. kJb dLfsv siadmj zbA bfvD dhhfr jsv bf.
siadmjf zbA icvN oarB jsv bf. jfvB siadmj ufsb, kfv ipc lcdbqfsk
zfv dkDq tfqtf sb. zfv siadmjf ufsb kfv ipc lcdbqfsk zfv dkDq
mubc Kfjsk ifsv bf!
zKhf siadmj LfvBf j'sv hsn, lcdbqfq njt bfvD sL]fjfhfu. zfv
siadmjf msb jsv, lcdbqfv njt icvN iakfvj.
`sp zfjfw sKsj Jsn isVsY iCdBGmfv y]fl, t[ kfvfq sn zHfh iCBG rq
bf.' kfvf LfvBf jsv sp, kfslv uDhbfjfsw zfv sjfb y]fl dlk rsh bf.
lcdbqfq mbW siadmjf zfsY, sp sjfb mxk nIt mfbcNsj Hfstfhfsn. sp
Hfstfhfnfv sjfb zKG sb, HdhNA{ sb, sn jfidbj Hfstfhfnfq sn j
ifq, jff jsv! dlhfvfd kfv jKf sHsh sn zbA sjfb pchsjv iadk mb
dlsk ifsv bf. sn spb hst, sn sjb slrkAfo jvt? sn sp sjht kfv
dYt! (zft-ufpDvfr idjf nQJAf 8558, 9ix}, lft 32ix})
j jstu YfDv uDhsb j Yf siadmjvsi zfsn. v rq kfslv
siasmv kcIfb-skftf uDhb. odVsq pfq dhsq ipG. Hq idvhfv vfdu. dj
sjfb j nmnAfv jfvsB dhsq didYsq pfq. v mfsU Hsqv msb LpGyAc dk
Ose. sjfb j dbuGb fsb wqkfb kfslv kxkDq nfKD rq. Ist zShL dmtb
Ose pfq! pchsjv msb LfvBf nxd rq, kfv siadmjf jcmfvD bq!
pchkD j]flsk v jsv. kfv dbje jnm-wiK j'sv kfsj hcUfsbfv syf
jsv, sn YfVf kfsj zbA sj iwG jsvdb. dj sn smsb sbqdb.
sndlb ixKj rWqfv iv zfhfvW nf[fsk W lCvftfsi shfUfhfv h syf
jvf rsqsY, dj nh djYc hxKf. sn pchj zfv dhsqsk nmk rqdb. kf
pchkDW zbA dhsqsk nmk bq. jub zmCtj nslr j'sv jcmfvD rWqf
nsW kfsj zjcmfvD sHshsY, kfrst Jb skf sn zjcmfvD. pfv nfsK sn
Ov h]fLsk pfsh, snW skf kfsj nslr jvsh. snW pdl kfsj iakAfJAfb jsv!
(zft-qAfjfpfr idjf, nQJAf 83, lft 24ix})
siasmv zfshso isV zsbsj Lvf isV. nmfsuv slWqf wfdW sisq Kfsj.
jtsv sn jfdtmf kfv dyvnfKD rsq zfsY. Jb zfv sj kfsj dhsq jvsh?
`jfbf shsbv sFfotf Jsv' zfsY, dj kk nrsu sn Jsv smst bf.
spsrkc zdk nfq Hfstf shb hfufsv AfsHtAfht.
102
htfhftA, Hvf spZhb KfjskW h jtdk pchkD zdhhfdrkf sKsj

dhLhfv mskf uDhb-pfib jvsY. nhGbfwD zShL siasmv kcIfb kfv
Ifsbv ncJIcstv hfofb ufV j'sv dlsqsY.
2. hAdHyfv
Hfstfhfnfv iv kfv nfItA rt dmtb. zsbsj hLHfsh dhhfr j'sv
Hfstfhfnfv nfItA zuGb jsv. zfv zsbsj dhbf dhhfsr nfIstAv It
ifjfv zfso sisV Jfq.
zsbsj dtH ecsolfv v j'sv slq. kfoCkD zfb kfslvsj sn hLkf
lfb jsv!
zdLjfQw siadmj-siadmjf nfmdqj ncJ isHfo jsv.
`nmflsv hcsj kfsv ttfm efdb,
sn sn Icstv skfVf zfdm IctlfbD.'
Hfstfhfnfv irfv yf. siadmj mb hst, `Hftshsn zfmfsj pf slsh,
zfdm kf Hfthfdn.' nckvfQ jJsbf Ict, jJsbf irfv-nfmoaD, jJsbf
sofisb hf iajfswA (!) zfdtb, iayfib, ycb, jJsbf hf dmtb. sjfbefsk
kfslv hfLf Kfsj bf.
kfslv bDdk rt, pfsj Hfthfdn, kfsj Hfthfnfv irfv slWqf pfq. snef
sjfb ifi bq.
ntfmD nHA bDdk hst, hL dhhfr-hdrHCGk nijG YfVf bfvD-icvsNv
dmtb rt hAdHyfv W kf mrf zivfL.
r]Af, hAdHyfv hf zShL spZb-dmtb j mrfifi. siam siadmj-siadmjfsj
ifsi dt jvfq. pdlW siam W jfmbf lc'de ixKj dudbn, khcW `dhsq skf
jvh' zfwfq icDHCk jfm ydvkfKG jsv sIst. mb dlsk-dbsk dosq
slr-dhdbmq Ose pfq nhGbfwD siasmv Ict-hfofsb. zfv nkA jKf sp,
hkGmfsb `siam' hf `Hfstfhfnf' htsk pf hcUfq hQ zdLjfQw kfsk pf Ose,
kf rt `hAdHyfv.' siasm nhGiaKm, nhGswN W zfnt sp hfnbf W zfjf[f
Kfsj, kf rt spZbdmtb. YfVf pchj-pchkDv mfsU dhhfsrv iCshG idh
siasmv jKf jibf jvf pfq bf. Lvsbv siam nfLfvBk} jie rsq Kfsj.
mb Hfstfhfnfq bfqj-bfdqjfv mfsU sjht j iajfv `ncVncdV' Kfsj.
zfv kf dmefsbfv ubA Hsqv msLA Kfsj bfbf zdHbq W Yt-sjZwt.
zk}iv sn `ncVncdV' swN rsk nh swN rsq pfq. swaBDv siadmjsiadmjf nfLfvBk} jubsj sisq ncJD rsk ifsv bf. zfnst vf siadmj
103
bq, tie.
dhhfr-hsbv iCshG msbv hb psK msb j'sv bfvD-icvsNv zShL nQnoG
hf spZb-dmtb nmfsuv Sbdkj zh[sqv j hV hAfdL. dhsq bf jsv
Lvsbv spZbdqf ydvok jde uObA zivfL. iK W zfyvB rt
lcydv, W tieslv. Hsqv `dhsq skf rsh' msb jsv sjfb iajfv
iwG hf slr-dmtb ShL rsk ifsv bf. pk[B bf zffrv dhLfb fvf Hsqv
mfsU hb iadkf rsqsY, kk[B ipG slJf-nf[f{W rfvfm.
hAdHyfv jde jlpG W sbfQvf zfyvB. hAdHyfsv vsqsY jfdLj dhO W
dhid. hAdHyfsv hQw-idvyq rfdvsq pfq, nm b rq. hAdHyfv-Odek
jfvsB mfbcsN-mfbcsN wkf YdVsq isV. de mb zivfL, sp zbAfbA
zfsvf zivfL sesb dbsq zfsn. hAdHyfv rt iwcv zfyvB. hAdHyfsvv Ist
bfbfb hAfdL W mrfmfvD slJf slq nmfsu. pfv ubA nxdjkGf mrfb zffr
mfbcNsj nfhLfb jsv hstb,
N4Mj L&M () { , M( N M( = (E( Z
, ?* ( h* . 0AB (Ox & .!4( q U( *m} (
zfv skfmvf hAdHyfsvv dbjehkGD rsqf bf. dbyq ef zwDt jfu hQ
dbjx zfyvB. (nCvf nvf 32 zfqfk)
zivfL drnfsh hAdHyfv kctbfmCtjHfsh zdLjkv uObA. mfm zfrmfl
dhb rft hstb, `rkAfv iv hAdHyfsvv sysq hV sofbfrv jfu zfv zbA
djYcsj ufdb bf.' htf hftA jlfyfv sjfb mc'dmb bfvD-icvsNv rsk ifsv
bf. mrfb zffr dbu hflfv djYc B hBGbf jsv hstb,
'* (x`( ',! '1 AB . '1 ( 40 Z
( >,_1 ( p 0 _ [&( .q )( * (4( 5
( D * AB , 1 &( ("^( . % )( * (:),81 }(
{ ' D( ". , ?, % [ y
% )( (,="( ( q, &( % )( .7(8( . * %u(
( ). () " g(* (` )( *+,( %\( p )( :("&( (.O% )(
4p L&M ()
kfvf zffrv nfsK zbA sjfb ifnAsj zfrfb (dwjG) jsv bf, zffr sp
iafB-rkAf dbsNL jsvsYb, pKfKG jfvB hAkDk kf rkAf jsv bf hQ hAdHyfv
jsv bf. pfvf stf jsv kfvf wfd sHfo jvsh. djqfmskv dlb Wslv wfd
dB jvf rsh hQ snJfsb Wvf rDb zhfq fqD rsh. (Icvjfb 68-69)
mrfbhD
sj dufnf jvf rt sp, nhsysq hV ifi jD? sv dkdb
htstb, skfmfv zffrv nfsK jfsj zQwD fib jvf, zKy dkdb
skfmfsj nxd jsvsYb. dufnf jvf rt, `kfviv sjfbX ifi?' dkdb
htstb, skfmfv ns Jfsh Hsq dbu nfb rkAf jvf. icbvfq
dufnf jvf rt, `kfviv sjfbX ifi?' dkdb htstb, skfmfv iadkshwDv
104
Dv nfsK hAdHyfv jvf. (hcJfvD 4761, mcndtm 86 bQ)

zfqfk W rflDsn t[BDq sp, hAdHyfsvv ifisj mfbcN Jcb jvfv mk
mrfifi hQ dwsjGv mk zdk mrfifsiv ifwfifdw hBGbf jvf rsqsY. kf
uObA jfude mcwdvsjv ubA swfHbDq, sjfb mcndtsmv ubA bq. zfv
ubA mrfb zffr jde hfh idvddk sJ jsv hstb,
*+',(( 4x '.Z (t4A E% ". % * (1 AB D( . o, )( * [=( , 0O = (h* 4A E% ". % * =( , (1 B .o, )( * >, 0O }
L&'' L&M () {( , ", % . ( *
hAdHyfvD icvN sjht hAdHyfdvBD zKhf mcwdvj bfvDsj dhhfr jsv hQ
hAdHyfdvBDsj sjht hAdHyfvD zKhf mcwdvj icvN dhhfr jsv. zfv kf
mc'dmbslv ubA rfvfm jvf rsqsY. (nCvf bCv 3 zfqfk)
mrfb zffr k]fv mc'dmb hflfv B hBGbf jsv zbA hstb,
() ([&?, Z
( %cDA P
, .4[p, %cK. (:),81 (...... () {(&.", % . ( * ? * % * }
mc'dmb hflfvf zhwA nItjfm. ---pfvf dbsuslv spZbfsj nQpk
vfsJ. --- (zKGf{, hAdHyfv jsv bf.) (nCvf mc'dmbCb 5, nCvf mfzfdvu 29 zfqfk)
mrfbhD hstb,
.$:", % ". &( K. > (, O% )( ( Z
, >, 0O , O% )( *m
mc'dmb Kfjf zhfq sjfb hAdHyfvD hAdHyfv jsv bf. (hcJfvD 2475,
mcndtm 211bQ iamcJ) zKGf{, zhfq kfv mfb kfv rlsq zhfb jsv bf!
i[fsv hAdHyfv sn- jvsk ifsv, pfv tf-wvm sb. dbtG bfvDicvN mb zShL spZb-dmtb Oefsk ifsv. zKy tf rt mfsbv
jde wfJf. (mcndtm, dkvdmpD iamcJ, nrDt ufsm 3197 bQ) nckvfQ tf bf
Kfjst kKf dbtG rsq hAdHyfsvv mk mrfifi jvst sn zhfq mc'dmb
Kfjf pfq jD j'sv?
hAdHyfvD zffrv jfsY lczf jvstW kfv lczf jhct rq bf. (nrDt ufsm
2971bQ)
hAdHyfvD ntfmD vfs jdEb wfdv ipc. dhhfdrk bfvD-icvN hAdHyfv

jsv Kfjst kfslvsj ifKv Y]sc V rkAf jvf rq. zhwA hAdHyfvD bfvD-icvN
zdhhfdrk rst kfslv wfd rfjf. mrfb zffr hstb,
A:'),'> ,? t='*? L( '( DA !, c[h%85
. WU( * (X ( P
( *=Y(", ( D. % "x X Z
, (0\[h . ,P
% ?* >, 0O (=[ (, 0O }
L&'' ( ) {( , ", % . ( :"x t=p* a, * ( D. !((8( % D( E% ( (4A 5
, A&% ( (, 1 !, (&.", % U. %c_. [h AB , 1
hAdHyfdvBD W hAdHyfvD -Wslv iaskAjsj jwk shfOfk jv; zffrv
105
dhLfb jfpGjvD jvsk Wslv iadk lqf spb skfmfslvsj zdHHCk bf jsv -pdl
skfmvf zffr W ivjfst dhwfnD rW. zfv mc'dmbslv jde lt spb Wslv
wfd iakA[ jsv. (nCvf bCv 2 zfqfk)
YfVf mrfbhD v uhfbD msk Hqsj shfOfk nr j hYsvv ubA
slw sKsj hdrjfv jvfv jKfW htf rsqsY.
nckvfQ uObAkm jfu sp sj siam W Hfstfhfnfv mfLAsm jvj
zKhf mdb jvj, H jvj zKhf zH jvj, LbD jvj zKhf ovDh
jvj, iaskAsjv ubA j wfd iaspfuA hQ jfsvf hAfifsv wfd
iasqfso sjfb iajfv lqf iajfw jvfv zhjfw sb. jfvB, hAdHyfvD rt
nmfsuv jt, jcstv jctffv, idh idvshswv OxBA uDh. dhswN jsv sn
bfvD W icvN, pfv fmD W D KfjskW zKhf spZb[cLf djYc iawdmk rWqf
nsW hAdHyfv jsv, shwAftsq pfq zKhf `sIX' hAhrfv jsv, kfvf mb
zivfLD; pfslvsj nmfsu h]fdysq vfJf rt jt iadkifdtk jvf, zfv kf
idh nmfu W idvshswv ubA hV zdrkjv.
iv sj pdl sofisb mb mrfifi jsvW lcdbqfv wfd sKsj sh]sy pfq,
kfrst sn sp v[f sit kf bq. lcdbqfsk kfv wfd iasqfo bf rstW
zfsJvfsk mrfdhyfvsjv dhyfsv sn mrfwfd sHfo jvsh.
siasmv tfqtf-mubc! ifi jsv pfsh sjfKfq? skfmfv ifsiv jKf skfmfv
zk-iarvD nD dIdvf skfmfv svfubfmyf zfmtbfmfq dtsJ vfJsYb.
jdlb mb zfnsY, spdlb zffrv dbje dIsv spsk rsh. kfv nmcsJ
l]fdVsq uhfhdldr jvsk rsh. mfde sndlb kfv njt Jhv hst slsh. zBc
idvmfB ifi zKhf icBA ys[ slJf pfsh.
msb jv j js[ kcdm skfmfv diaqkmfv nfsK zShL slr-dmtsb dhsHft
zfY. mb nmq js[v lvuf sEst skfmfv zff, zfmf, Hf, dhw hc
zKhf sjfb w skfmfsj zhfsk slsJ sItt. kJb skfmfv zbcHdC k
jD rsh? zfv pdl kcdm mb yftfj rW sp, skfmfv sn jfu sj Lvsk W
hcUsk ifsv bf, kfrst
{L. ( !% *R , ?, .y
( E% U( &% ( , %cK. 4. 5
x ( ). ( 0AB (&. , 1 .\( % )( 0 ( ?, * ( w 0:(( % U( *m} (
kcdm jJsbf msb jsvf bf sp, zkAfyfvDvf pf jsv, zffr sn dhNsq
lfnDb. zhwA dkdb Wslvsj sndlb ipG dTt slb, spdlb y[c dv rsh.
(nCvf hvfrDm 42 zfqfk)
nxdv buv sKsj sofibDqkf zhtb jvstW nafv buv sKsj kf sjfb
nmq ifvsh bf. Osvv njt lvuf h j'sv ifsi dt rstW zffr W
106
skfmfv mfsU sjfb lvuf hf ilGfv zfVft zfbsk ifv bf. vfskv sofib
orDb zjfsv njst Ocsm Tst isVsY, kcdm sn nmqsj diaqfv nfsK dmtsbv
nchBG ncspfo msb jvstW, jKf Hcst spsqf bf sp, jub nlf ufoak
zfsYb. dpdb njt ilGf W zjfsvv zfhvB sHl j'sv skfmfv iadk nckD[
lxd svsJsYb. nckvfQ ivjfstv mrfwfdv ubA iak
sKsjf.
mrfbhD hstb, zdLjfQw sp z mfbcNsj slfpsJ dbsq pfsh, kf rt
mcJ W spZbf. (dkvdmpD 2004bQ ,hsb drfb 476bQ, hcJfvDv zflh 289 W
294bQ, hsb mfufr 4246bQ, zfrmfl 2/392, rfsjm 4/234 )
dkdb ispfso j swaBDv hAdHyfvD bfvD-icvsNv zfpfh lwGb jsvb; pfvf

t zhfq zfsbv ycDsk zfsbv d[ iahfsr WEf-bfmf jvsY! (hcJfvD
1386bQ)
dkdb zfsvf slsJb sp, j nialfq Icst-sI]si sTft rsq zfsY, kfslv
dbje rsk dhje lcoG YcesY. msb rdYt kfslv sn o spb ifqJfbfv
eAfQsjv mk. kfvf dYt hAdHyfvD W hAdHyfdvBDv lt. (hsb Jcpfmfr 1986,
hsb drfb 7491 bQ, rfsjm 1/430)
zShL spZbfyfv hf hAdHyfsvv Ist mfbcsNv nfmfduj [dk rq, skmdb kfv
Dsbv [dk rq. [dk rq kfv ydv W ncfsAv. (zdLj ufbsk `pch-nmnAf W
kfv wvqD nmfLfb' iVfv zbcsvfL vt.)
iajfw Kfsj sp, dhhfr-hdrHGk

C nijG svsJ nrhfn jvst hAdHyfv rq.
zbcvi z dhhfr-hsb zfh rsq nrhfn jvstW hAdHyfv rq. spmb}siadmjfv zdHHfhsjv zbcmdk YfVf dhsq j'sv nrhfn.
oHGfhfq dhsq j'sv nrhfn.
mnduslv nfmsb zffrsj nf[D svsJ sj-zivsj fmD-D hst Djfv
j'sv dbsq nrhfn.
sjfb ofbf (mfrvfm)sj zKGf{ pfsj dyvksv dhhfr rfvfm zKhf hkGmfsb
dhhfr jvf hL bq (spmb jfsvf dhhfdrkf D, D Kfjsk kfv shfb, Jftf hf
IcIc), kfsj dhhfr j'sv nrhfn.
zffr nmfusj v[f jvb!
3. B rkAf
j ifi ziv j ifisj zfjNGB W zfrfb jsv. slr-dmtb pJb Ose,
kJb iajdx ksj skf zfv nh nmq hfLf slWqf pfq bf. Hsqv zts[A zShL
nfb um sbq. zpfdyk W zhfdk tfbfv nfbsj zfnsk bf dlsq
B zhfq rkAf jvf rq! zsbsj ndEj nmsq idvddkv nfmft dlsk bf
107
sisv iafB rkAf jsv! sB uDhb zfnfv iv kf b jvf iafB rkAfv wfdmt.
hfolfsbv iv dhsqv sFe rt. Hfht zfv nmnAf sb. kf v j'sv dlt
ldrj dmtb. kfslv LfvBf dYt oHG nfv rstW dEj dhsqv nmq sn pfsh
hQ sj hcUskW ifvsh bf. dlsj hsvv mf znc rsq iVt zKhf zbA
sjfb hfLf sn sot. kfv Ist dhsq didYsq sot 1 hYv. jvfsk rt
oHGifk.
tfofm-YfVf nmfsu rkAfv iaytb shsV ystsY. zfb jsv B-rkAf
W oHGifk hL jvf rsY. mb rkAfv ifq W ijvB hV nrut jvf
rsY. pfv siad[sk hAdHyfv zfsvf shsV ytsY. zfhfv mufv jKf sp,
dbifkjxk B sKsj IAfsnv j sjfifbD mdrtfslv zdk diaq ianfLb W
zvfo `dtiXdej' hf `sE]fe-ifdtw' iak
j'sv Kfsj. zfv Hfsh
hAdHyfv W B-rkAf j zKGjvD hAhnfskW idvBk rsqsY!
hAfQjsj iadk hYsv 2 tfsJv iv oHGifk rq! kmsLA 50 Hfo jcmfvD,
37 Hfo YfD hQ hflhfjD oxdrBDvf oHGifk Odesq Kfsj! (zinQxdkv
dhHDdNjf 93ix} })
i[fsv usmv iv zsbsj sn nlAiank

C zpfdyk dwwcsj dbcvHfsh
FfnXdhsb zKhf blD-ust sIst zfsn!!
siadmjf jfsvf D rst kJb B b jvfv iasqfub isV bf. Ist zShL
nfb fmDv hQsw zbcisa hw jsv. sp nfb sn hQswv sj bq, sn mDvfn
ifq, zKy sn Wqfsvn bq. zsbj nmq nfb iajk
x WqfsvnDbsj
hdkW jsv. idvhfsv zsbsjv sn mfrvfm oBA rq, zKy iajk
x is[ sn
ofqv mfrvfm W shofbf. zfv Hfsh jde ifsiv jfvsB zfsvf h
Ifnfl ytsk Kfsj nQnfsv. sp ifsiv jKf sjht mb ufsb, spmb zfnt
hfsiv jKf sjht mf ufsb.
4. nmjfm
spZhsbv uftf dmefhfv ubA j swaBDv pchj kfv mskf jub pchj
zKhf djswfvsj hAhrfv j'sv Kfsj, spmb pchkD j'sv Kfsj kfv mskf
sjfb pchkD zKhf djswfvDsj hAhrfv! jfuW hV zwDt hQ vdydhv
sbfQvf. spZhsbv mflbfq zKhf dbYj sJqft-JcwD W jciha dx v hwhkGD rsq
bDyvf mb bDykf zhtb j'sv Kfsj. zKy kf rt hAdHyfsvv mk jde
jfhDvf sofbfr.
hck W Hfstfhfnfv bfsm kfvf dmdtk rq hQ mfbcsNv syfsJW kf lCNBDq
108
rq bf. dj sn Hfstfhfnf mb oHDsv si]ZsY pfq sp, dhjxk spZbfyfv kfslv

dbkAjfv jmG rsq l]fVfq!
nmjfdmkfv ifsiv ubA bhD tCk
-v nialfqsj yfv iajfv
zfpfh W wfd dlsq LQn j'sv slWqf rsqdYt.
iaKmk} kfslvsj jfbf j'sv slWqf rsqdYt. (nCvf jfmfv 37 zfqfk)
dkDqk} kfslv mfsU HDNB j w siavB jvf rsqdYt. (nCvf druXv 73)
kxkDqk} kfslv oafm-wrvsj se dlsq LGH
fosj dbsm jsv slWqf
rsqdYt.
ykcKGk} kfslv iv mfok j]fjv-ifKv hNGB j'sv kfslvsj LQn j'sv
slWqf rsqdYt. pfv iadkde skfmfv iadkiftsjv dbje dydrk dYt. zfv
kf nDmftQOb-jfvDslv sKsj lCsvW bq. (nCvf rCl 82-83 zfqfk)
zffr kfzftf sbfQvf ufdksj Ifsnj W nDmftQObjfvD hst
zdHdrk jsvsYb. dkdb bhD tCk (zf}) v d sJ j'sv hstb,
%c_.' * %\'(! c'[oP
, (% * %:", %c[o!nL( %c[o* (`* 5
( "( (.L(8U(( () ( , * ( ( :", ((4h n8 &( .UWU(* }
N4 E L&M () {(. ( $&% *
skfmvf nfvf ufrfsbv mfbcsNv msLA sjht icvNslv nfsK spZb-dmtb jv
hQ skfmfslv iftbjkGf skfmfslv ubA sp DoBsj nxd jsvsYb---kf
huGb jv? hvQ skfmvf rst nDmftQObjfvD nialfq. ( wczfvf 165-166)
dkdb zfsvf hstb,
&. '*h %c'.D0AB (',a (y
( .\( % U0 ( h* >,_1 ,=)( 4% q* ( :", .V (% 3
0 ( (, (o Z
. .V (% U( &[ } (
N R L&M () {( q, M, ?* XN&% M( (&% *

tCksj zfdm iaf W fb lfb jsvdYtfm hQ kfsj mb j ubil
sKsj fv jsvdYtfm, pfv zdLhfnDvf zwDt jfsu dt dYt. Wvf dYt ml
W Ifsnj nialfq. (nCvf zfdqf 74 zfqfk)
zfv mrfbhD hstsYb,
.((X &[ A&% * (\( ( (\, ( %:"( $&. "( ))
sn hAd zdHw, sp hAd tCk (zf}) v nialfsqv mk nmjfm
jsv. (zfrmfl 2914, nrDt ufsm 5891 bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstsYb,
.((4A !.n ? , * 4( "% A * P
. L( U(* \P
. L( * AB . 1 4. [% )( *m))
zffr zfpXpf zufX (djqfmskv dlb) sn hAdv dlsj sysqW slJshb
109
bf, sp hAd sjfb icvsNv mtfsv zKhf sjfb Dv ifqJfbf-fsv nm

jsv. (dkvdmpD 1165, bfnfv jchvf 9001, hsb drfb 4418, nrDt ufsm'
7801bQ)
zwDtkfv wfdv dhLfb dlsq dkdb hstsYb,

. , !, (&. p ( \( (, p* _ [& . ?* X &[ A&% * (\( ( .\( % )( .V&. U.% P
( (%:"(
skfmvf sp hAdsj tCk bhDv mskv mk nmjfsm dt ifsh, sn hAd
W kfv nrjmDGsj rkAf jsv sIstf. (zfrmfl 2732, zfhC lfl 4464, dkvdmpD
1456, hsb mfufr 2561, hfrfjD 17475, nrDt ufsm' 6589bQ)
ifqc-mKcb hf nmjfmoa pchj mb dbjx W dhjxk-ydvsv sp, sn rftft

spZb-dmtsb kxd ifq bf, rfvfm YfVf kfv zfwf dmse bf, sbfQvfdm bf j'sv
kfv msb wfd zfsn bf, d zfsn bf. ubA v zHAfnD dhsqv isvW Dv
ifqcSmKcb YfVf nfLfvB nrhfsn kkef kxd ifq bf. zKy Dv ifqcSmKcb rt
j iajfv jcIvD jfu. hfhis[ mb zkxdshfL rt kfv ubA j iajfv
wfd. YfVf FXn iaHdx k spZbsvfo skf zfsY.
nckvfQ fbD pchjsj nkjG rWqf dyk, pfsk sn zbcvi sjfb
rkHfoAslv ltHc bf rsq isV.
5. rSmKcb
jJsbf-hf siadmj-siadmjfv jKf rq msb-msb, sofisb, jfsb-jfsb, sIfsbsIfsb.
yAfe rq sInhcsj hf zbA mAfsnsuv mfLAsm. spZb subfmCtj
jsKfijKb j'sv, siadmjfv slr jibf j'sv rSmKcb rq. jJsbf smfsk
dHdFW jt rq, slJfsldJ rq ivisvv nhGf! yst Hsqv mfsU sIfb-sn
hQ rfk yfdtsq hDpGifk.
dmtsbv fl isHfo jvfv ubA sjfb ipc ijvB bf ifWqf sost
zKhf kf hAhrfv jvfv ncspfo bf Kfjst, lcsLv nfL sOfst dmefhfv sswA
iafq zdLjfQw pchj dbsuv rfksj jxdm dhdh hf siadmjf hfdbsq Kfsj! zfv
jfu spsrkc dbsuv slr W slrfsv msLA nDmfh Kfsj, snsrkc zsbsj
kf Jfvfi hf zwDt Hfsh bf, dhLfq rftft hf ShL msb jsv.
i[fsv jfuW j iajfv bdkjkf W vdy-dhv zwDt jfu; pf
ntfsm zShL. sjfb mcndtm dbsuv dhhfdrkf D hQ zdLjfvHc (Dk hf
jfsIv pchdlbD) lfnD YfVf zbA jfsvf hf djYcv mfLAsm jfm-kxf dbhfvB
jvsk ifsv bf. mrfb zffr hstb,
110
4. '% * %cD. 0A'*? %cD. . '( )% * %'*o* "( '(" % %c'ADP

, (% * '* ( 1mAB () ([&?, Z
( %cDA P
, .4[p, %cK. (:),81 (
() (. ( %cK. *+Y, * % [W?* *+,(( N(L!(_ (~ (% %:( ?* () ( ", &[ "(

dhwfnDvf zhwA nItjfm rsh---- pfvf dbsuslv spZb-zsj nQpk
vfsJ. ksh dbsuslv ikD zKhf zdLjfvHc lfdnosBv s[s zbAKf jfmbf
jvst kfvf dblbDq rsh bf. zfv sj slv hAkDk zbAsj jfmbf jvst,
kfvf rsh nDmftQObjfvD. (nCvf mc'dmbCb 5-7, nCvf mfzfdvu 29-31 zfqfk)
nckvfQ njt iajfv spZbdqf Dv mfsU nDmfh. D bf Kfjst kf rfvfm W
zShL. sn s[s zffrv dbslGw iftb jvf mcndtm pchsjv ubA zhLfpG.
dkdb hstb,
L&'' L&M () {, ,
% ?* :," . 1 %cD. ( , ~% ). _0Z
( Z
o* , (. 3
, )( * (:),81 ,up, % _(% ( } (
pfslv dhhfsrv nfmKGA sb, zffr kfslvsj dbu zbcosa r zHfhmc bf
jvf ipG kfvf spb nQpm zhtb jsv. (nCvf bCv 33 zfqfk)
zfv mrfbhD
dhhfsr znmKG pchjltsj svfpf vfJfv mfLAsm nQpm
zhtb jvsk dbslGw dlsqsYb. (hcJfvD 5065-5066, mcndtm 3464-3466,
dmwjfk 3080bQ)
iv rSmKcb ShL rst dbyq kfv sjfb dk dkdb dlsq spskb.

`rAf-iaAfdnX' hf rfk fvf hDpGifk jvf j iajfv sbwf W jczHAfn, pf
nkv kAfo jsv dbsuv jfm-wdsj dbqdk bf jvsk ifvst [dBsjv
ncsJv hltfq zsi[f jvsY dhvfe tfbf W fArfdbv LQnjfdvkf.
spmb siasm iVfv Ist siadmjfsj si slsJ islfN rsk ifsv siadmjsiadmjfv. pf pchj-pchkDv ubA jde dhhakjv zdkdv nmnAf.
( hAfifsv bfbf zijjfdvkf W kfv dydj{nf ufbsk `pch-nmnAf W kfv wvqD
nmfLfb' iVfv zbcsvfL vt.)
6. iakfvBfv dwjfv
Hfstfhfnf jvfv zKG rt, kcsN zfb slWqf; pf sjhfsv liX jsv ustW
WsE bf, zfv yeX jsv dbHskW yfq bf. hvQ dHksv dHksv sofisb icsV Yf
rsk Kfsj.
rlsq zfbslv zbcHdC k pkef rq, kfv sysq shwD rq hAKfv zbcHdC k.
siasm zfbslv kctbfq hAKf Kfsj zdLj W dblfvB. zfv sn hAKfv sjfb
zhAKG NLW sb. smfe jKf Hfstfhfnf pf slq, kfv sysq hB shwD
sjsVW sbq.
111
i[fsv jie siasm siadmj pJb sL]fjf Jfq, kJb msbv odrb sjfsB rfkfw kfsj zdv j'sv skfst. msbv mfbnise nxdk ufodvk rsq Est
iafsB smfyV dlsq WsE. pJb ilIct yst pfq hQ kfv j]fefv uftf mbsj
zdk j'sv skfst, kJb zimfb W swfsj wfn svfL rq. zfv mb sosq WsE,
`--- zfu zfdm mvsBv hcj sKsj j]fdlzjvBf! iafB dbsq dj dmKAf zjvB sJtf!
k Hfstfshsn swsN k zhsrtf
sjmsb rfdbsk ifv bfvD!
zfOfk icvsNv,
rfdbsk dbmGm zfOfk, ufdbkfm, smfvf wcLc icvsNvf ifdv.'
dwmct Icstv mskf nclwGb, dj nchfnrDb Hfstfhfnfq pJb kcdm iakAfJAfk
rsh, kJb skfmfv mb ofsh,
`Hfstfshsn swsN k zhsrtf sjmsb ndrsk ifdv,
zv j]fsl bf mb rlsq zfOfk rfdbsk bfvD?
kmn dYt zfmfv rlsq
zfstfdjk rt y lsq
skfmfv Hfthfnf rsl dlt zfwf, zdyb slswv jcmfvD..
zfmfv zv zfsuf udtsksY
dh]dLqfsY kDv iawdmsY j?
dyvdlb vdrsh o]fKf hdrsh vdLv ydtsh sof zfrfufdv..
sjb hfdnqfdYtfm Hfstf skfmfq
kfrfdv It dj dlskY zfmfq?
dwmct-Ict nm Hfthfnf skfmfv Lc slJfqfY hfrfvD..'
zfIsnfn W zfs[si mb-iafB lDHCk rsh hQ bqb-bDsv sHsn kcdm
ofsh,
`Hct jsvdY nfvf uDhb skfmfq Hfstfshsn,
ufdb bf sp, j]flsk rsh zfmfq zhswsN.'
jie siam mbsj j slq. j nfsK lc hf kskfdLjsj Hfstfhfnfv jKf
ufbf sost rlsq zfb ust WsE. Hfstfhfnfq hAKG rsq zsbsj jsHfo
jsv siadmj-siadmjf. `jie siam tcsjfycdv, mcsJ mLc rsl Ycdv.' ùstv svJf,
Jstv divDk' rst dvkf YfVf zfv jD ifWqf pfq?
jie siasm pJb Lvf isV, ofdVv yftj zfnst ofdVv mfdtj bq, kfv
rfn-FafHfv zKhf smjfdbj. slfjfsb hnf sYstef slfjfsbv mfdtj bq,
112
kfv jfvshsv. hfufv jvsk zfnf ncndkf smsqef smFfsmv smsq bq,
kfv lfnD. Hfstfhfnfv nD zfnst jub dhhfdrk icvN. kJb siasmv
sbZjfv HvfFcdh rq.
j oosB nCpG W y zfstfdjk rsq j nfsK dlk rsk ifsv bf.
j rlsq lc-v Hfstfhfnf j nfsK pKfKGvsi fb sisk ifsv bf. zfv
sn zfHfdhjkfv jKf sHsh sHsh l rq siadmj hf siadmjfv mb.
jusbv nfsK siam j'sv zbA jubsj dhhfr jsv zsbj siadmj hf
siadmjf. zsbsj dbvifq Kfsj kfv sn ziYslv dhhfsr. zsbsj Kfsj
fKGiv. zsi[fjxk Hfstfv nfb sisq mk W iK idvhkGb jsv! kJb lCv
rsk zfs[i YfVf zfv jD?
skfmfv msbv hfdoyf rsk kcdtqfdY Ict z]fyt Hsv,
nchfdnk uDhb iafsk o]fdKqfdY mftf siasmv sFfsv.
dLfv kh srdvqf skfmfsv rtclhvB hsk,
kf dj zfsY dtdJk rfq sv iakfvj siam wfsk.
siam j'sv spZhb tcsE iakAfJfb jsv zsbj jie siadmj. siasmv nfIstAv
jKf htst hst, `siam jvf mfsb dhsq jvf bq! zfuDhb hc rsqW Kfjf
spsk ifsv!' kJb siadmjfv mfKfq huafOfk rq.
dhhfdrk rsq ivjDq siasm udVk Kfsj zsbj fmD hf zsbj D. idkv
nQnfsv nkD shsw hnhfn j'sv iidkv nfsK znkDv jfu jsv zsbj
lc}nfrdnbD. zsbsj idk sYsV iidkv nfsK shdvsqW pfq! fmD Kfjsk
zfv j fmD oarB jsv!
vf[nD kcdm mfqfdhbD kcdm hV pflc ufsbf,
mfqf hst kcdm Hctfsq zisv rlsq efdbqf zfsbf.
`snfbfrfv' kcdm rqfY ycdv zfibf zfib fvf,
zLDsb kfrfv dYst sof ncsJ, zfu sp nhGrfvf.
h H siadmj fKG dndv ubA siam jsv, vfujbAfv vfuskv stfsH isV
kfsj siamufst I]fdnsq Lb dwjfv jsv.
zsbj siadmjfW iakfvBfv nfsK siasmv zdHbq j'sv zb tfsb dhdH
iadqfq efjf rfdksq sbq.
swaBDv siadmj-siadmjfvf Hfthfnfsj lchGtkf msb jsv. zfv kf
hAhrfv j'sv dbsuslv fKG fv jsv.
fKGivkfv siasm fsKG zfOfk tfost zKhf fsKG dndtfH rsq sost siam
zfv siam Kfsj bf. Wslv jde zdHkfv jKf rt,
113
`Hfstfhfnfv mdb muf spmb bfdj dO,

pfh{ Hot kfh{ Good, Cold rst dY.'
`Hfstfhfnf rt mcdVv mskf, nmq sost dmsq pfq.'
`Hfstfhfnf iaufidkv mskf, pdl w jsv Lv, msv pfsh. rff jsv Lv,
sV pfsh. ksh pdl pk j'sv Lv, kfrst jfsY vsh.'
iajk
x siadmj Hfthfnf YfVf zbA djYc yfq bf. sp Hfthfnfv bfsm zsbj
djYc yfq, kfsj si[f jvf dyk. dj mb j ipGfsq siam sn si]ZYfq,
pJb kf sItfW pfq bf, sotfW pfq bf! mfbdnj iDVf jk hV Hqv
rsk ifsv, kf sHsh slJf lvjfv.
i[fsv sL]fjfhfdu, iahbf, iakfvBf W dhwfnOfkjkf mb ifijfu, pf
mfbcNsj slfpsJ sesb dbsq pfq. (nrDt ufsm' 6726 bQ) jubsj `skfmfsj
YfVf dhsq jvh bf' hst iadkwadk dlsq, kfv pKfnhG tcsE dbsq kfsj sL]fjf
slWqf, zKhf kfv sysq zfsvf Hfstf sj busv iVst iaKmsj huGb jsv
dkDqsj oarB jvf, kAfdl iakfvBf W iahbf jie siasmv zfof-sofVf
zmfbdhj jmG.
hVv iaDdk nmcsv mskf, jfsY efbst lCsv sEst slq. sYfesj kcY j'sv
siam iakAfJAfb jsv. kvfdHOfsk hfvhfv rlq ycvmfv rsk Kfsj.
htf hftA, zShL W iakfvBfv siam zfnst jde mfbdnj pBf, sn jKf
htfv zsi[f vfsJ bf.
7. znIt W znm siam
znm siam htsk dbyc hf ]yc jfsj Hfstfhfnf, pfv nfsK zKG hf mpGflfv
dhwft ShNmA zfsY. spmb mc'dmb-jfsIv, mcndtm-mcwdvj, bfmfpD-shbfmfpD,
so]sqf-wsv, dwd[k-zdwd[k kAfdl.
mcndtm-zmcndtm nrfhfsbv idvshsw zfsifsnv siam znh W
zfHfdhj bq. zfHfdhj rt mcndtm rsq zmcndtmsj Hfstfhfnfef.
zsbsj hst sp, sn skf jub mfbcNsj drlfqfskv zfstf lfsbv syf
jsvsY. dj rqskf zfnt jKf rt sp, sn kfv siamufst hlD rsq
isVsY. kfvf mrfb iaHvc dbslGw ufsb bf hf mfsb bf. dkdb hstb,
*m (%c[o_% '(3
( % * &% '* (X=h* 4A E% 'n" :'x" 4$ '% 5
( t=(", % "n t="( *R (0:", % ). _0Z
( , h* 4A E% . & . o, U( *m} (
* AB (&. % )( *+Y, * % [ %c[o(3
( % * &% * (X4A E% "n :x" 4$ % 5
( $:", % "n $ % ( * & (.", % ). _0Z
( ( h, 4A E, . & . o, U.
() {(.4h1 (8_()( %cD. 1 ( * A 0 , , U, )( .:x (). (, , %A!, , 4( p, ~% ( (,=03

( * AB &( . % )( . w (LA 0
114
zQwDhflD vmBD sp ipG bf (ntfm LsmG) dhhfn jsv, skfmvf kfslvsj

dhhfr jsvf gbf. zQwDhflD bfvD skfmfslvsj ym{jxk jvstW dbyq
(ntfm LsmG) dhhfnD DklfnD kfv sKsjW m. (ntfm LsmG) dhhfn bf
jvf ipG zQwDhflD icvsNv nfsK (skfmfslv jbAfv) dhhfr dlsqf bf.
zQwDhflD icvN skfmfslvsj ym{jxk jvstW (ntfm LsmG) dhhfnD
Dklfn kfv sKsjW m. jfvB, Wvf skfmfslv zfocsbv dlsj zfrhfb
jsv hQ zffr skfmfslvsj Dq Yfq shsr W [mfv dlsj zfrhfb
jsvb. dkdb mfbcsNv ubA Dq dblwGbnmCr nciHfsh hA jsvb, pfsk
kfvf kf sKsj islw oarB jvsk ifsv. (hfjfvfr } 221)
iv zmcndtmsj dbsq nQnfv jvst ufrffsm Ov h]fLf rq hQ kf rq
mfbdnj mrf iDVfv jfvB, pJb sn hcUsk ifsv sp, kfv sn jfu zfslZ dEj
rqdb.
bfvD-icvsNv mfsU nfmA iadkfv pcso LNGB Oef zfHfdhj bq, spmb
zfHfdhj bq sp sjfbW Lvsbv vmBDv nfsK Hfstfhfnf rsq pfWqf. pf
zfHfdhj kf rt, jub fbD W mcndtm pchsjv iamfB jvf sp,
`divDsk mdut mb, dj-hf r]fdV, dj-hf sFfm!' `divDk bf mfsb sYfe ufk, Ocm
bf mfsb wwfb Ofe, diqfn bf mfsb Lcdh Ofe.'
shilGf idvshsw siam-divDk fHfdhj hAfifv. dj zfHfdhj rt
jub mcndtm pchsjv shilGf mdrtfsj Hfstfshsn sItf.
nrdw[f iadkfsb Yf-YfDv mfsU siam rsq pfWqf zfHfdhj bq. dj
zfHfdhj rt, mcndtm slswW mb dw[f-iadkfb yftc vfJf.
hfdVv lfn-lfnDv nsW hfdVv stfsjv zShL iaBq osV WEf zfHfdhj
bq. pf zfHfdhj kf rt, mcndtm idvhfsvv mb dTtf kvdhqk W
zhfiCBG zdHHfhjk.
sjfb dbjefkDqf pchkDv nfsKW Hfstfhfnf rsq pfWqf fHfdhj.
zfHfdhj rt, j hfdVsk ofbf-shofbfv mb nrfhfb. zfv yvm
zfHfdhj rt sjfb ofbf hf mfrvfsmv nfsK siam rsq pfWqf!
nh s[s dblfvB zd W mfbdnj pBf zfsn kJb, pJb siasmv sbwf
sjse pfq. zfvfsmv yctjfdbv iv uftf v rq.
sjfb ovDh-db}sv hVstfjsj Hfstfhfnf mb zivfL pfsk hbf YfVf
zbA djYc sufse bf. lCvhkGD zhfsb sKsj hVsj Hfstfhfnst jff YfVf
zfv jD tfH rsk ifsv? zfjfw nfovsj Hfstfhfsn. kf skf sn kfsj bf
sisq hxdv jff sj]sl ixdKhD Hfdnsq slq.
115
zfnst `pf Hct j'sv yfWqf rq, kf sisk jCt pfq.' zfv nmkfrDb
Hfstfhfnf uDhsb nhsysq hV Hct.
jJsbf rq jkvIf Hfstfhfnf. kfskW Kfsj iakAfJAfb. iv ktfv
stfj kJb dbyc ktfv stfjsj iff dlsk yfq bf. zsbj nmq I]fl-YfVf
hsjv mskf mfY dwjfv jvstW siasmv I]fsl iVsk yfq bf. siam-iafKGbfv
jKf ufbsk sisv sn ufdbsq slq msbv jKf,
zfmfsv Ldvsh djYc dj jdrsh diYsb dlqf Yce?
ifdvsh bf kfrf HfdhqfY pfrf jdr bf zfdm Uce.
zfmfq h]fdLsh? jD dlqf ht? ifsev ifjfqf vdw?
j[sbf bf, h]fLf vdrh bf kcdm pk h]fsLf jdN.
wB rsk ldV ifjfqf dhwB kfsv j'sv
ofsqv sufsv kcdm zfmfsv h]fsLf sr sn sFfsv.
khcW bf zfdm hV lclGm, kfrfsk zfmfv slfN jD?
skfmfv sFfv syfsJv dbsmsN zbfsn dlh Id'.
ksh dj dlqf ht h]fdLsh zfmfq mfqf jff j]fdlqf,
swa vc rlq h]fLsb, ifdvsh vfdJqf h]fdLqf?
dlh IfdVqf pfh dY]dVqf pdlW rq siamsFfv,
zfdm dbmGm, dblGq sOfv, zfdm lfofhfu syfv!
ìv dlsj kfdjsq iK ytst sr]fye sJsk rq.' hVstfsjv smsqsj
Hfstfhfnsk zfOfk sJsk rq. `hVv divDk hfdtv h]fL, [sB rfsk ldV [sB
y]fl.' `hV ofsYv ktfq hfn, Fft Hfst nhGbfw.'
s[s htf pfq, `Hfthfnf ncJsj rkAf jsv, zfv ncJ Hfthfnfsj rkAf
jsv.'
èfjf bf Kfjfv Ist Hfstfhfnf yst pfq. dj efjf dlsq Hfstfhfnf
djbsk ifWqf pfq bf.' `lvuf dlsq zHfh iashw jvst ufbftf dlsq
Hfstfhfnf sofisb itfqb jsv.' `zHfh pJb kcIfb rsq sn Osvv
ufbftfq zfOfk jsv, kJb Hfthfnfv Ictlfdb isV dosq sHs ycvmfv rsq
pfq.' `lfdvsv UsV Hfthfnfv ialDi dbsH pfq.'
Lb dlsq spmb mb djbsk ifWqf pfq bf, skmdb mb dlstW jkvIfHfsh
LbDsj zfib hfbfsbf pfq bf. zfhfv Hfstfhfnf dlsq mb uq jvf pfq, dj
zhfv hNmAsj uq jvf pfq bf.
Hff Ov sKsj y]fl slJf pfq, dj kf Lvf pfq bf. sJftf zfjfswv dbsy
hfn j'sv y]fl slJf pfq, kfv dn suAf{nf sn ofsq tfso, kfv mfLcpG
116
zbcHh jvf pfq. dj kf Lvf pfq bf.

hfmcb rsq y]fslv dlsj rfk hfVfsbf pfq, dj sn rfk dlsq y]flsj sY]fqf
pfq bf.
jlf j ]lvc jde esj slsJ Hfstfshsn sIst kfv tfofm Lsv
dbsuv hfnfv dlsj efbsk wcv jvst eW kfv zbcnvB jvt. oskGv
nfmsb l]fdVsq ]lvc msb msb htsk tfot, `Wsv mb! sj kcdm vfJsh
sjfKfq? mb Ov hfbfW, pf skfmfv siadmsjv ubA ipc. bsy{ mb
siadmj jv, pfv ubA skfmfv Ov ipc rq.'
mfbcN kfv uDhsbv lcde nmsq hV shfjf rq, pJb sn Hfstfhfsn hQ pJb
sn hx rq. dhswN j'sv znmkfv Hfstfhfnf kfsj mb shfjf hfbfq sp,
hbfv shlbfq kfsj zfuDhb zwa dhnuGb jvsk rq.
zhwA iadkwadk v[f jvsk bf sisv dbvifq rsq zsbjsj zsbAv nfsK
dhsqv zfnsb hnsk rq. zfv kJbjfv sn dhvr-hAKf rq zhBGbDq,
zfOfk rq znrbDq. kJb msb msb jKf rq siadmj-siadmjfv,
`pfh zfdm isKv isv yfh bfsjf dIsv,
mcYsh kcdm syfsJv ifdb z]fyt dlsq LDsv.
kf'iv Tcdjsh Ov---skfmfv zfmfv swN slJfsk rh zfdm iv.'
vfduqf dhsqsk vfdu rWqfv isvW zdHHfhsjv yfsiv mcsJ idvddkv
nfmft dlsk ifsv bf. hfLA rsq sn hLC shsw zsbAv Osv yst pfq. zfv kfv
siadmsjv msb sp kDv sn zfOfk jsv, kf dj nhfv mskf? syfsJv nfmsb
kfsj zsbAv nfsK yst spsk slsJ syfsJv ifdbsk oft Hfnfq zfv hst,
`W vfduqf vfduqf bh vsM nfduqf
vbcUbc c hfduqf sjfKfq ydtskY n?
ydtskY srsn srsn jfsj spb Hftshsn
zfmfsj sIdtqf swsN ht skf sjmsb v?'
siadmj-siadmjfv ifqrDbkf W znItkfv jKf Hsq Djfv jsv.
zsbj nmq mbsj nfb f slq. dhdLv dhLfsbv jKf hV jsv nfsK smsb sbq.
`smfvf j hfsov sufVf hcthcdt,
spZhb hns rsNG nlf Ict kcdt.
srb jfst zfsn UV j]fdi KvKv,
lcLfv r smfvf, zfdm kfv iv.'
zhf zbcmfb j'sv Wuv siw jsv. spb sn kfv jfsY [mf yfq hQ
117
dbsuv okAvrDbkf W zifvokfv jKf ufdbsq slq.

`dhNfl-dncv hc zfmfv dhlc-hfdv zf]sJ,
nkst hdlbD sn, rlq blDv h]fsj.
s[fH-tfq zd-mfq iDdVkf lcdJbD dhLcvf,
dhvsr zfmfv jfkv hV iaBsq zfmfv mLcvf.
nDm kfv nDmfrfvf uDh spb mvf,
jD tfdo kfv rt dhl j mLc[vf?
sldJqf sn lxwA j]fsi sp dhw dbjvB hAKfkcv,
yt rlq dhLcdbk-mb hcsU kfrf hlCv.
zfv ifdv bf hc sldJsk zfdm yvm ifqrfvf,
HfdhW bf smfsv z, zfdm zisKv kfvf.'
djYc znIt Hfstfhfnf rt, zufbf Hfstfhfnf. pfsj Hfstfhfnf rq, sn
kfv Hfstfhfnfv jKf hcUsk ifsv bf, kfsj mcJ Icse htfv nfrn rq bf
zKhf ncspfo rq bf. zKy Hfstfhfnf zv dlsq zbcHh jvsk rq, s[s
HfNfv iasqfub rq bf. dj zsbj Hfstfhfnf sjht Hfstf HfNfv msLA
nDmfh Kfsj. zk}iv sn pJb zsbAv nfsK Ov h]fLsk pfq, kJb msbv
lc}sJ dbsusj swN j'sv dlsk yfq. zfs[i W zbckfsi dbsusj dLfv
slq. mbfsi dbsu lDHCk rq. rkfw rsq sHs isV.
`zfdm hxKfq ib jsvdY hib zfjfsw,
kf zfjfw-jcncm jsvdY yqb rkfsw.'
zufbfv zsi[fq zdyb mcnfdIv siasmv iakD[fq Kfsj. zfv hbf kfv
swN iafiA rq.
`dhsYslv dhsYslv zfwfv zfwfq,
uDhsbv sJtf hcdU swN rsq pfq.'
siadmj pdl msbv dhvfyvB jsv, kfrst kfv Hfstfhfnf znIt rq.
`Hfstfhfnfv zKG rt, pfsj kcdm Hfstfhfsnf, kfv mskf uDhb-pfib
jv.' jKf smsb bf dbst idvBfm iDVf YfVf zbA djYc rq bf.
zbcvi siamfil pdl jhfv dhwfn rfvfq, kfrst Hfstfhfnf mdV
sJsq mfdesk isV. spsrkc `dhwk
f hfdtv sjfv mskf, pf kdv jvf
jdEb, dj sHs iVf Jch nru.'
znIt Hfstfhfnf uDhsbv pBf h djYc bq. sp pBf mfbcNsj dv
nfsK uDhb-LfvB jvsk slq bf. hvQ pkdlb h]fsy duWt mfsYv mskf
zi ifdbsk nQjDBG ifs!
118
8. siam W zwfdv nQnfv

zShL siam jsv dhsq jvf h dbsq odEk nQnfv zdLjfQw de]sj bf. jfvB,
dhsqv iCshG Hfstfhfnfq zdkvb W zdHbq Kfsj, siasmv iaht Yfsn
lCvsj Hfstf msb rq, lCsv-lCsv Kfjst siam ofP rq, zdkvdk siam ifWqf
pfq, de busv isV bf. lCsv sKsj sjht siasmv snfrfo sbWqf pfq, wfnsbv
hfLf ifWqf pfq bf. kfYfVf bkcb bkcb nhdjYc Hfstf tfso, znclvDsj
zfymjf-nclvD tfso. `lCv sKsj nvsN s[k Ob tfso.' lCv sKsj
mvHCdmsjW ifdbv nfov msb rq. zfv lCv hst`blDv ifv jsr YfdVqf dbhfn,
W ifsvsk pk ncJ zfmfv dhhfn.---'
Hfstfhfnfv zfnt ivD[f rq dhhfsrv isv. nisjGv vsk siadmjsiadmjf Hfstfhfnf dbsq sJtf v jsv. dj nijG ifjf rsk Hfthfnf
kfslvsj dbsq sJtsk v jsv. siadmjf dhsqv zfso ufsb bf sp, sp
Hfstfhfsn, sn wfnbW jsv. nckvfQ wfnb st mb dhosV pfq.
`dlsqdYst rlq pJb
sisqdYst iafBmb slr.
zfu sn rlq bf pk snfrfo if
Lc kf zdhwfn dhNfl nslr..'
zfnst dhsq rst Hfstfhfnf dmsq pfq.
`Hfstfhfnfv mdb muf spmb bfdj dO,
pfh{ re kfh{gF sjfX rst dY.'
bCksb siam dmsE Kfsj, hfdn rst esj. bCkb siasm bCkb hLC, zfofsofVf
sjht mLc. icvfksb zmmLcv jec U]fUfstf.
kf siasmv dhsqv iaKm hYsv fmD swfsb, dkDq hYsv D swfsb. zfv
kxkDq hYsv ifVf-iadkshwD nhf swfsb!
siadmjf W Dv mfsU ifKGjA rt sp, iaKmf icvNsj nhGfhfsk oarB
j'sv Kfsj, zfv dkDqf msbv mskf jvfv ubA kfv idvhkGb yfq.
dhhfsrv iCshG lCsv lCsv Kfjst iaBdqBD sjht rlsq Kfsj, dhhfsrv iv
nQnfsv st, nhG[sBv ubA jf jfsY st zsbj nmq kfv dhivDk slJf
pfq. (zfv ubA dbsuv D yfsk zisvv D shwD Hfstf msb rq. spmb
DsjW zsbAv fmD zdLj Hfstf stso Kfsj.) zk}iv rq sp, jfsY
sn jde zfOfk sJst siasmv sn dwwmrt sHs ycvmfv rsq pfq. jie
119
siamsj dHd jsv mfjVnf hf kfsnv Osvv mk sp Ov-nQnfv osV WsE, kf

nfmfbA iadkjCt hfkfsn dhL rsq pfq. idymf slwstfsk kftfsjv
zfdLjA jKfv i nf[A hrb jsv. spJfsb Ict kcst kfv o W snZlpG
tcse dbsq Utsn sost Y]sc V sItf rq. bfm-mf dhhfr rstW zi jsqj
dlsb dhhfr-dhsYl Ose.
kfYfVf swaBDv zsbj dhhfr sjfb yfsi isV jvsk rq, mb sKsj bq;
hvQ zsbj nmq nmfu dhhfrsj siadmj-siadmjfv OfsV wfd vi (?)
yfdisq slq. zKhf oHG rsq sost siadmjf zKhf kfv jkGxis[v yfsi hf
sjht tf Tfjfv ubA siadmj dhhfr jvsk hfLA rq. dj nhGswN It
l]fVfq, pchkDv tfhBA LQn W isv dhhfr-dhsYl.
zShL siam-Odek jfvsB zsbsjv snfbfv nQnfv LQn rsq pfq. ziv j
bfvDsj Hfstfhfnsk dosq dbsuv dhhfdrkf Dv iadk zdhyfv W zkAfyfv jvf
rq. zKhf sjfb jcthLCv siasm isV zKhf kfv siamsj iawqa dlsq, kfsj
siami dtsJ hf ofsq-iVf rsq nf[fsk zKhf sIfsb mLcv jKf hst
siamufst zfh jvfv syf j'sv kfv fmDv nQnfsv zwfdv mrfiatq
zfbqb jvf rq. tie rstW sjfb fmD yfq bf sp, kfv D zbAfnf
srfj, spmb sjfb DW yfq bf sp, kfv fmD zbAfn srfj hf dkDq D oarB
jvj. nckvfQ Hq iajfv LQn sp mrfLQn kf htf hftA.
mrfbhD hstb,
. ,V, xM( * ( % ( % * D( P
, % * ( * (4( "% ( k05
( %:"( 0", (% *
sp hAd jfsvf D zKhf Dklfnsj kfv (fmD hf iaHvc dhvs) iasvfdyk
jsv, sn zfmfslv ltHc bq. (zfrmfl 9157, zfhC lfl 2177, rfsjm 2795,
hsb drfb 5560bQ)
zffrv vnCt zfsvf
hstb
.(( 0", (% * ?* . h* &[ % "( % * . _(P

( % (4A "% ( ( * k05
( %:"( (,=( "( *W !, (u* Z
( %:"( 0", (% * ))
sn hAd zfmfslv ltHc bq, sp zfmfbskv jnm Jfq. zfv sp hAd
sjfb Dsj kfv fmDv dhvs zKhf sjfb lfnsj kfv iaHvc dhvs iasvfdyk
jsv, sn hAdW zfmfslv ltHc bq. (zfrmfl 22980, hfpXpfv 4425, hsb
drfb 4363, rfsjm 4/289, nrDrt ufsm' 5436bQ)
kfYfVf zShL siam nxd jvfv hAfifsv spmb wqkfsbv hV rfk Kfsj,
skmdb ShL siam LQn jvf hQ fmD-Dv mfsU dhdYkf nxd jvf rt kfv
jfu. wqkfb nmcsv ifdbv iv dnQrfnb sisk dhdH mrfifi nQOdek
120
jvfv ubA dbsuv sytflt ifdEsq Kfsj. iakAr drnfh sbWqfv nmq kfv
dbje nh sKsj shwD iawQnfrG rq sn sytfde, sp sjfb fmD-Dv mfsU dhsYl
nxd jvsk sisvsY. dnQrfnb sYsV sE sn mb sytfsj udVsq Lsv
nfhfnD W hfrflcvDW slq htDn!
mrfbhD hstsYb,
='(_% ?, %c'.D. * % * ='* OA % "( . % ", %cK. (%*W?* .V )( (4M( .( % )( 0cg. ,N ( ( * . v( 4% ( .^
( )( ( ,!% AB 0AB
.['&q( ?* %cK. . '(Z* .N 3
, )( 0cg. ( * Y% v( (% (( "( .[&q( ?* (8h* ( (8h* . ( ?* .[&q( ?* %cK. . Z
( * .N 3
, )(
( *' . ('% * (c'% , .['&q)( (. '% ", , ' , % . ?* ( * , U, * 4( "% ( :% !( (. (% !( . 40 ?* _0Z
( . _.h 4( U( "(
. . ". OA _( ( ?* ( * .V(L[ .( % *R
nmcsv iv wqkfb kfv dnQrfnb svsJ mfbcNsj dhdH ifi W dIkbfq
udVk jvfv sswA dbsuv dwNAlt ifdEsq Kfsj. kfv jfsY sn dwNA
nhsysq hV mpGflf (W shwD bjeA) ifq, sp nhsysq hV ifi hf dIkbf nxd
jvsk ifsv. sjfb dwNA sn hst, `zfdm jsvdY.' htDn hst, `kc
djYc jdvnXdb.' zbAub hst `zfdm jusbv diYsb stso kfv Dsj
kftfj slWqf jdvsqdY.' kJb wqkfb kfsj dbjse jsv (udVsq Lsv) hst,
`r]Af, kcdm jef jfu jsvY! (zfrmfl, mcndtm 7284bQ)
zsbj nmq icvsbf siasmv suv Lsv sIfb zfsn, sjfb zsybf mcnfdIv siammrst iashw jsv. Ist kf dbsq zwfd nxd rq nQnfsv.
wcLc fmD-Dv mfsU bq, hvQ zwfdv UV sbsm zfsn kfslv
zfkDqslv mfsUW. dhswN jsv kfslv nfb Kfjst kfslv uDhsb sp yvm
nhGbfwD idvBdk sbsm zfsn kf zbcsmq. `sjfstv sYst ust sIst spZhb
nfdusq' fmDv nQnfv sYsV bkcb vdnj bfosvv nfsK sofisb shv rsq nQnfv
W hAdHyfv jvst sYstv zhf pf rq, kf slsJ isKv dwqft-jcjvc W
j]fsl! zfwaqrDb rsq ipc zdHHfhj dhbf mfbcN rsk dosq zsbj nmq
lcydv W zn{vsi osV WsE. zfv v Ist pk [dk rq, kfv mCt jfvB
rt nQnfv-dhbfwD mfbhviD wqkfb vdnj bfov.
9. lfiskA dhwfnOfkjkf
zsbj siadmsjv mb zhf rq sp, siadmjfsj dhsq jvsk nIt rq bf
hQ zsbj siadmjfvW mb zhf rq sp, siadmjsj uDhbnDvsi sisk
jxkfKG rq bf. kfv dhsq rq zsbAv nfsK fHfdhj vDdksk okfbcodkj
iaKfsk. dj siasmv iadkmfsj msbv zfnb sKsj bfmfsk ifsv bf. Ist kfv
121
slr Kfsj idkv jfsY, dj mb Kfsj iidk sn icvsbf siadmsjv jfsY.

Hsqv mb spfdosq yst Jch niGsB, Jch nkjGkfv nfsK!
zbcvi mubcW h dbsq nQnfv jsv, dj tfqtfsjW Hctsk bf sisv
msbv zfnsb kfsj hdnsq vfsJ. jJsbf jJsbf kfv nfsKW sn nijG suso
suso WsE.
v Ist sJqfbk yst. ufbfufdb rsq sost mb nQnfsv bfbf zwfd rq.
oxrhLCv shsw tfqtf fmDv hQsw mubcv nfsbv um slq. zsbj nQnfv
zdysv sHsn pfq znfIstAv hbAfq.
rt lfiskAv dhwfnOfkjkf. sk dhwfnOfkj nIt rsk ifsv bf.
pctfJfv Djfsvfd sJ j'sv mrfb zffr hstsYb,
uM&) () {( , a, y
( ( % h* , D% )( *m ( w 0 ( *,k% ~( !, . % 5
. * %c* >x* (c* % ( , *+,(}
èf ubA sp, pfsk sn ufbsk ifsv sp, kfv zbciddksk zfdm kfv
iadk dhwfnOfkjkf jdvdb hQ zffr dhhfnOfkjslv NVp nIt jsvb
bf.' (ncI } 52)
icvsbf siasmv tfqtfv nfsK nf[f{ bf rstW D-dmtsbv nmq tfqtfsj
jibf jvf, klbcvi mubcv nfsK nf[fskv ncspfo bf rstW fmD-nrhfsnv
nmq mubcsj jibf jvfW j iajfv sJqfbk W hAdHyfv. spsrkc nrhfsnv
nmq Dv ubA hL bq kfv msbv mfbcNsj zKhf zbA sjfb nclv W
ncfAhfb icvNsj jibf jvf hQ fmDv ubA hL bq kfv msbv mfbcNsj
zKhf zbA sjfb nclvD W ncfAhkD pchkDsj jibf jvf. hL bq, ivicvN
hf ivDv bfm dbsq Hsqv spZbkxd sbWqf zKhf subf hxd jvf.
zjfsv zKhf syfJ h j'sv msb msb pfsj Hfstfhfsn, kfv nfsK dmtb
jvsY sJqft jvf.
tfmfoB hstb, `pdl sj j ofn ifdb mcsJ dbsq pdl jibf jsv sp, sn
ml JfsY, kfrst kf ifb jvf rfvfm.' (mflJft 2/194-195, Icv' 3/51,
kfvk kfNvDh 2/19)
10. kftfj
siasmv nfItA rt dhsq jsv nQnfv jvf. dj siam-ifotfslv jfsY
zdhwfnA rstW nkA sp, zShL siam j'sv dhsq jvfv nQnfv zdLjfQw de]sj
bf. mdbsk hhfdrj hb Jch iwGjfkv, kf spb kfsnv Ov zKhf
dwwmrt. kfv iv Hfstfhfnfv nQnfsv Kfsj zdkdv zfwf, zdkdv
122
ifWqfv yfdrlf. zfv kfsk nfmfbA de hf zhsrtf slJf sost mb sHs

pfq. zfOfkef shdw tfso. Hfstfshsn swsN zsbj zhsrtf LfvBf rq.
iv Hfstfhfnfv uDhsb Lc Hfstfhfnf Kfsj, Kfsj lfvkf W
[mfwDtkf. siam-uDhsb sjht snfrfo Kfsj, fLDbkf Kfsj. Kfsj bf wfnb,
zfdLikA W ivfLDbkfv zbcHdC k. dj lfikA uDhsb kf idvtd[k rst
hfdtv iafnfl svfslv kfsi W hfkfsnv lfise LDsv LDsv Jnsk Kfsj. zfv
jibfdHdj sn nIt uDhsbv idvBdk rq kftfj hf dhhfr-dhsYl!
zfsmdvjfv j idvnQJAfsb slJf sosY, pfvf nclDOG siam jfdrbD nxd j'sv
dhhfr-hsb zfh rsqsY, kfslv lfikA nIt rqdb. (zfv-dvqfp idjf, 63
nQJAf)
mcndtm slswv zhfW kfslv sKsj dH bq. dvqfp `mcf wIf kfJfnXnnc D'
rfnifkfstv zLDsb yftfsbf j nfsHGsk slJf sosY, zdLjfQw kftfj
OsesY sn lidkslv mfsU, pfslv dhhfr rsqdYt zShL siasm udVk Kfjfv
isv. (zft-qAfmfmfr idjf, 1482 nQJAf)
siam-Odek jfvsB zsbj dhhfr sjfb yfsi isV jvsk rq, mb sKsj bq;
hvQ zsbj nmq nmfu dhhfrsj siadmj-siadmjfv OfsV wfd vi (?)
yfdisq slq. zKhf oHGhkD rsq sost siadmjf zKhf kfv jkGxis[v yfsi hf
sjht tf Tfjfv ubA siadmj dhhfr jvsk hfLA rq. dj nhGswN It
l]fVfq, pchkDv tfhBA LQn W isv dhhfr-dhsYl.
zsbj lidkv dhhfr dhsYl Ose icvsbf siasmv drnfh dmefsk dosq.
zsbAv siamHck kfslv OfV sKsj bf bfmst ufbfufdbv isv lfikA ncsJ
efbfefdb v rq. swsN Ose pfq kftfj.
zhwA zsbj nQnfv yst fHfdhj nQnfvDslv mskf. ksh kfslv ofdV
ytsk bf yfstW yftfsbf rq. kfslv nQnfv-ofdV yst efsb, bf rq sEtfq.
nfsbv efsb zKhf nmfsuv yfsi zsbsjv nQnfsvv swN ncskf `dY]VhdY]Vh' zhfq zhdw Kfsj.
divDskv vDdksk dhhfdrk tfqtf-mubc! skfmvf rqskf htsh, `svfsiv
stfsjvf shw ncsJ zfsY, zKy kfslv iafq nhfv siam-Hfthfnfq sq j'sv
dhsq.'
zfmvf hth, de skfmfslv zbdH LfvBfiank
C jKf. kfslv siam-Odek
Jcb, zfkrkAf W kftfsjv Jhv bfW, kfviv kfslv ncsJv jKf sHshf.
kfvjf lCv sKsj zfjfsw t slJfq. dj kfv iyfsk zfsY ObOef
zjfv.
123
11. wkfv nxd

siasm znIt rst, iakfdvk hf iakAfJAfk rst Hfstfhfnf wsk idvBk
rq zbfqfsn. iadkswfL sbWqfv kDha zfjf[f kJb siadmjsj lcwmb hfbfq.
syfq Kfsj, sp sjfbW Hfsh kfv lcwmdb iajfw jvsk, sp sjfbW ifsq kfv
sjfb [dk jvsk W nhGncJ Lcdtnf{ jvsk.
zsbj nmq Hfstfhfnf shdw rsq sost, siasmv zdkvb rstW [dk zfsn
zdkv jfvsB.
jKfq zfsY, `zdk siasm zdmk dhsYl.'
`stfrfq stfrf jfse dhsN jfse dhN,
Hfstfhfnf shwD rst rsq pfq dvn.'
`zdk iDdvk spJfsb,
dbkA pfsh bf snJfsb.
pfsh pdl dbdkA,
Oesh jef jDd.'
`Hfstfhfnf iaufidkv mskf, pdl w j'sv Lv, msv pfsh. rff j'sv Lv,
sV pfsh. ksh pdl pk j'sv Lv, kfrst jfsY vsh.'
`Hfstfhfnfv mdb B,
ifsbv ns spmb ycb.
zi rst tfso Uft,
shwD rst icsV oft.'
zsbj nmq mb rq, ifdb uDhb slq, ifdb uDhb sbq. hc uDhb dlsq
uDhb v[f jsv, zfhfv sn hcv rfsk uDhb yst pfq!
`sp rfWqf zfsb rfdn, sn skf zfhfv UV rsq pfq,
sp zfsn hc rsq sn skf zfhfv iv rsq pfq.'
zfv w iajfwA rst kfv fvf pk [dk rq, hc w rst It rq zfsvf
mfvfkj.
msmG rflDsn nkjGhfBD snsY, mrfbhD hstsYb,
( "0 &% K( *+
( ~, !( %}~, !% " 0 "%&)( *+
( ~, !( ([&o)( %" ( 0 &% K( *+( , Z
( %k, Z
% ))
.(( "0 "%&)( *+( , Z
( ([&o)( %
skfmfv hcsj mLAmHfsh Hfstfhfn (zKGf{, kfv Hfstfhfnfsk kcdm
zdkvb jsvf bf). jfvB, jdlb sn skfmfv wsk idvBk rsk ifsv.
zfv skfmfv wsj kcdm mLAmHfsh w sHshf. (zKGf{, kfsj w Hfhfsk
124
hfVfhfdV jsvf bf.) jfvB, jdlb sn skfmfv hcsk idvBk rsk ifsv.
(nckvfQ kJb skfmfsj tfq iVsk rsh.) (dkvdmpD 1997, nrDt ufsm'
178 bQ)
12. rkAf
zShL iaBq-Odek zwfdv susv jk mfbcN Jcb rq, kfv qf sb. sp Jcb
ns mrfb zffr hstsYb,
'(K ( Z
% * %:'(" ' (, P
( (' 0 ( *(_\( 0*Wo* ?* AL% *R> ,? X *? ( % * p ( 4A % ~( !, p ( (\_(* %:"( }
[ : a { ], P
( ( 0 ( Z
% * ( 0*Wo* ?*
zKGf{, jfvsB hbD nafstv iadk dhLfb dltfm sp, sp hAd bvrkAf
zKhf ixdKhDsk LQnfkj jfu jvfv llfb swA YfVf jfsj rkAf
jvt, sn spb ixdKhDv njt mfbcNsj rkAf jvt. zfv sj jfsvf iafBv[f
jvst sn spb ixdKhDv njt mfbcsNv iafB v[f jvt. (nCvf mfsqlfr 32 zfqfk)
zfv mrfbhD hstsYb,
.((c,% ". \P
. L( A\_% * %:", , ( % , . (&K% * ( % n .(O( * ))
jub mcndtmsj Jcb jvfv yfsk uo{ LQn rsq pfWqf zffrv dbje
zdLj nru. (dkvdmpD 1395, bfnf 3987bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstsYb,
. (( N "( x > ,? ,="( ( q, &( % )( A 0 ( :% !(
( q ). "( .0 * ))
djqfmskv dlb (mfbhfdLjfsvv dhNsq) nhGiaKsm stfsjslv msLA sp dhyfv
jvf rsh kf v nidjGk rsh. (hcJfvD 6864, mcndtm 4475bQ)
sp mrfifi Jcb Ose h tfqtf-mubcslv jmGjfsv susv, kfv djYc
dbmvi}dhsqv Yf bf svsJ siam jvsk dosq Lvf iVst sufv j'sv dhsq idVsq
slWqfv iv Jcb jsv jie siadmj. zKhf siadmjf oHGhkD rsq iVst
siadmjsj dhsqv yfi dlst zKhf iawfnb hf nmfusj ufdbsq slWqfv Hq
slJfst kfsj Jcb jsv siadmj.
siasm hfLf iVst isKv j]fef lCv jvsk hfLflfbjfvDsj Jcb jsv siadmj
zKhf siadmjf. s[s siadmjfv hfhf, mf, Hf zKhf fmDsj Jcb jvf rq.
zsbj nmq siadmjfW sn Jcsb nmk W wvDj Kfsj. hvQ bkcb bfov tfsHv
zfwfq D dbu fmDsj dbu rfsk Jcb jsv zKhf dhNifb jdvsq rkAf jsv!
125
spmb siadmj kfv dhhfdrk Dsj ndvsq dlsq bkcb tfqtfsj dbsq nQnfv
jvfv i slsJ.
zsbj nmq sYfe dw nfb mfsqv siam-nfIstA hfLf rsq l]fVfq. Ist
shisvfqf rsq jfhfshv rfd lCv jvsk kfsj Jcb jsv vf[dnbD! nfbsl
kfv siam-jsfdtk msb kJb sn sosq Kfsj,
`sofib siasmv smfrb h]fdw Jb hfufh,
zfdm sjfstv sYst ust sIst spZhb nfufh.
zfv nv j'sv dn]dK sjse yAfQVf bfyfh!'
siadmjfv siasmv dHJfvD zbA sj zfsY ufbsk sisv NGfq sn wvDj
siadmjsj Jcb jsv siadmj.
siadmjf zbAsjW siam-dbshlb jsv ufbsk sisv vfo W NGfq dbu rfsk
siadmjfsj Jcb jvf rsq Kfsj! `kc zfmfv rdh bf skf skfsj jfsvf rsk
slh bf' hst kfsj lcdbqf sKsj ndvsq slq zKhf AfdnF Y]sc V kfv snZlpG
dYdbsq sbq hQ kfv siasm dhwfnOfkjkfv hltf sbq!
siasm iakAfJAfk rst zsbj nmq siadmj siadmjfsj Jcb jsv. zfv zsbj
nmq siadmjfsj b jvfv iv iakAfJAfb jvst siadmjf iadkswfL dbsk
siadmjsj Jcb jsv zKhf jvfq.
zsi[fjxk sYfe ifi jvsk jvsk idvswsN k hV mrfifi j'sv sIst
siasmv ifotvf, sp ifsiv wfd (zffr mfI bf jvst) slfpJ YfVf djYc bq
ivjfst. mrfb zffr hstsYb,
. '* 0 '( * (. '(( * (, % * ( . w ( k
, * (D( ?, , 5
( .c0D( P
( .V. O( 3
( ?* x ( _("n ", % ". %\_.q )( :("} (
N L&M () { , ( !(8(
zfv sp hAd sjfb mcdmbsj YfjxkHfsh rkAf jvsh kfv wfd rsh
ufrffm, snJfsb sn dyvjft Kfjsh hQ zffr kfv iadk v rshb, kfsj
zdHnifk jvshb hQ kfv ubA mrfwfd iak
jsv vfJshb. (dbnf 93)
zsbj nmq smsqv zdHHfhj smsqsj sjfb sYstv nfsK siam jvsk slsJ
nmfb vfJsk kfsj Jcb jsv.
zfv idvswsN idvBfm rq, Jcsbv hlst Jcb bkchf jfvfhfn.
13. zfkrkAf
znIt siasmv jde zdbhfpG idvBdk zfkrkAf.
siasmv jdbkf W zfdvjkfq sL]fjf sJsq sost zfs[siv nfsK dbsusj
126
dLfsv LQn j'sv dlsk sY rq. kJb zfkrkAf jvf jdEb msb rq bf.
Hfstfhfnfv if I]fdj dlst, mb-syfv rfkYfVf rst s[fsH zfkrbb jsv
sjfb sjfb siam-ifot.
siamjf ufbfufdb rWqfv iv uDhsbv yfdvdlj sKsj tfbf, zimfb,
rkfwf W mfbdnj iDVb dOsv Lvst zfkOfkD rq zsbj siasmv bfqjbfdqjf.
ofP siasmv iv sjfb jfvsB Hsqv mfsU dhhfsr hfLf iVst hQ uosk
jmf yfWqf W ifWqf mb-iafB dlsq sysqW bf ifWqf sost, uDhb vfJfq sp
tfH zfsY, kf msb jsv bf zsbsj.
uDhb lcdhGNr dhNmq rsq Est dhN sJsq sn dhNmqkf sKsj dbjdx k tfH
jvsk yfq mb. dy-dhjfsv zsbj nmq mb yfq dbsusj ixdKhD sKsj ndvsq
dbsk.
siamjfsv susv mf-hfhfv jfsY zpKf hjcdb sJst uDhbsj dLfv dlsq
iafBsj h]fdysq vfJfv zspfoA msb rsk ifsv.
ivjDq siasm udVsq sost fmDv jfsY sid[kf rst lchGt msb uDhbsj
b jvf m msb rsk ifsv.
D iakfvBf jvst tfbf W dLfsv uDhsbv ifkf sKsj dbsusj mcsY
slWqf Hft msb rsk ifsv.
siadmj hf siadmjfv jfsY sid[k rst zKhf siasm znIt rst dLfsv
uDhb dhnuGb slWqfsj Hft msb rsk ifsv.
siamsvfouftfq zdkdv dj rst zfvfm ifWqfv zfwfq dbsusj rkAf
jvf swaq msb rsk ifsv.
bo Ydh smfhft hf jAfsmvfhdl j'sv hfjsmt jvfv syf jvf rst tf
Tfjfv ubA zfkrkAf jsv zsbj iahdkf.
`sisvdY pskj jcVfsq tsqdY lc rfsk Hfstfhfnf,
hfLA zfdusj jdvsk nf uDhsbv j]flf-rfnf.'
otfq I]fdn dlsq, dhNifb j'sv, YcdvjfOfk j'sv, ]yc ufqof rsk U]fi
dlsq, ifdbsk U]fi dlsq, svstv nfmsb U]fi dlsq hf svt tfsb sq sKsj,
ofsq zfb tfdosq, dbsusj dt j'sv zfkOfkD rq zsbj tfqtf-mubc.
mfdjGb mcsc j iadk hYv Yq rfufsvvW shwD kvB zfkrkAf jsv wcLc
zShL iaBq-Odek jfvsB. (zinQxdkv dhHDdNjf 92ix} })
dj sr siam-slWqfbf tfqtf-mubc! sjb jvsh zfkrkAf?
skfmfv msbv dhwfn zmCtj hf zlxP rWqfv Ist mb dnf rqskf
127
oarB jvsk ifv. spsrkc mvsBv iv skfmfv jD rsh, kf ufbf bf Kfjst

zKhf ufbf KfjstW kfsk zdhwfn Kfjst zKhf zmCtj dhwfn Kfjst
kcdm zfkrkAfq iasvfdyk rsk ifv.
spmb, kcdm pdl LfvBf jv sp, mvsBv iv mfbcsNv zfv sjfb uDhb sb.
mxkAc v nfsK nh djYc swN. kfrst uDhsbv j sKsj mcdtfsHv zfwfq
kcdm zfkrkAf jvsk ifv.
pdl msb jv, mvsBv iv uDhb zfsY hQ sn uDhsb kcdm skfmfv msbv
mfbcNdev nfsK dmdtk rsk ifvsh, kfrst siasm znIt rsq zfkrkAf
j'sv sjht srfset hf slw idvhkGb jvfv mskf ivuDhsb dosq lc'usb
dmdtk rsq nIt siam-uDhb tfH jvsh. kfrst skf zdk nrsu hcsj mfKf
svsJ zKhf uVfudV j'sv zKhf rfk LvfLdv j'sv srfset hf slw
idvhkGb jvf Hft.
zsbj siasmv hDv-hfrflcv LfvBf jsv, siasmv isK mvB wrDlD mvB.
zsbsj LfvBf jsv, Hfstfhfnfv nrmvB ncLfmq, sn mvB mpGflf W oshGv
mvB. kfslv LfvBf rt,
`jdlb rsh iafB zhwA rvB,
kfv ksv mdv sn skf ncsJv mvB.
diaqkm sn zfmfv zdk diaqkm,
mvB kfrfv isK ncLfmq nm.
iajk
x siasmv ufsbf rf Lvb,
bDvsh ndrqf tq uDhb-mvB.
uDhb sp LbA kfv siasmv iCufq,
uDhb ucVfq mvsBv ifq.'
mfbcN pJb dhwfn vfsJ sp, mvsBv iv zfhfv kfv icbuGm rsh
ixdKhDsk. kJb ufqof idvhkGb jvfv mskf ivusm siam nfItA jvfv
ts[A zfkrbb jsv!
ìvubsm slJf rsh diaq!
HcdtW smfsv srKf HcdtW..
- ubsm pfrf htf r't bf
zfdm hdth bf, kcdmW hstf bf.
ufbfst siam jdvW Ytbf,
pdl zfdn dIsv, shlbf dlW..'
ntfm-idviD dhwfsnv dhwfnD tfqtf-mubc! umfvhfsl dhwfn svsJ
128
pdl LfvBf rq sp, kcdm mvsBv iv zfhfv Yfmskf ixdKhDsk um dbsk

ifvsh, kfrst kcdm zfkrkAf jvsk ifv. jcsmfv spmb bvm mfdesj dbu
Yfmskf j if osV icbvfq kf sHs zbA if oVsk ifsv, skmdb
kcdmW dbsuv uDhbefsj Yf W msbfmskf osV sbsh bf sjb?
zfv sn s[s hfQtfv zdt-odtsk sn ht iaydtk ofb kcdmW rqskf
ofsk ifv,
`hfv m'st ncskf rh
k]fdkv Osv um sbh
ifYf-sisV wfdV rsq
lcth skfmfv sjfmsv!'
dj bf. kcdm dbsuv iafB dbsuv rfsk LQn jvsk ifv bf. jfvB uDhb
skfmfv bq. slr, z-iakAsv mfdtj kcdm bW. rlq-mb, rdlilsbv mfdtjfbf skfmfv bq. kcdm kfsk sJqftJcdw W sYfyfdvkfv
zfyvB jvsk ifv bf.
uDhb, slr mfbcsNv dbu mb nid bq sp, sn kfsk pfsY-kf
hAhrfv jvsk ifsv. zkh zffrv slWqf zfmfbsk sn dJqfbk jvsk
ifsv bf. uDhb pJb mfbcN lfb jvsk ifsv bf, kJb kf LQn jvfv zdLjfvW
kfv sb.
sp uDhb skfmfv nx bq, sn uDhbsj b jvfq skfmfv sjfb Jdkqfv
sb. lcdbqfv pBf sKsj zfvfm ifWqfv zfwfq ivhkGD uDhsbv dlsj slZsV
iftfstW iftfhfv iK sb. jfvB pfsj kcdm mcdlfkf msb jv, sn zfnst
zfsvf hV ufl.
kcdm mcndtm rst nh LfvBf skfmfv zfslZ ndEj bq, mb dhwfn skfmfv
pKfKG bq. ndEj W pKfKG dhwfn rt, mvsBv isv uDhb zfsY hQ snef
jef uDhb. drnfshv iv uffk zKhf ufrffm. ndEj mfb svsJ n{
jfu j'sv rstfj kAfo jvsk ifvst uffsk zhwA YfncJ ifsh.
snJfsb dosq kcdm skfmfv msbv mfbcNdesj sysq dbsk ifvsh. msbv mskf
j'sv uDhb-pfib jvsk ifvsh. zfv zn{ jfu j'sv rtDtf nf jvst
ufrffsm spsk rsh. zfv snJfsb sjfb ncJ sb, yfWqf sb, ifWqf sb.
snJfsb zfsY wfd zfv wfd.
iv zfkrkAf mrfifi. zfv kfv wfdW zfsY slfpsJ. kfrst
zfkrkAfq sp dbjdx k sb, kf nrsu zbcmfb jvsk ifvY.
sj msb jvsk ifsv, `dyf zfv dykf lc' j. ksh dykfef Hft,
129
sjhfsv icdVsq mfsv. dj dyf nfvf uDhb uftfq.'

dj uDhsbv hfhkf dVsq pfvf svrf hf dbjdx kv stfsH dbsuslvsj
LQn jsv, kfvf zfnst svrf hf dbjdx k ifq bf. sp siadmj-siadmjf siasm
znIt rsq iv-uDhsb dmtsbv zfjf[fq zfkrbb jsv, kfslv
zfjf[f zfslZ iCBG rq bf. iv snJfsb dosq sHfo j'sv zdkdv wfd.
iafB rkAf jvfv wfd.
zffrv vnCt hstb,
*(! D( ?, 1 y
( ". , 5
( , ?, 04( _()( (c0D( P
( LA ( >,? &( D. ?* . ( p ( (\_(q* ?* \(P
( %:", 04( U( %:"( ))
*!(' D( ?, 1 y
( ". , 5
( (c0D( P
( LA ( >,? .V 0 ( _()( ,V, )( >,? . n . ?* . ( p ( (\_(q* ?* z M. 0 ( U( %:"( (
' 1 y
( ". ' , 5
( (c0D( P
( LA ( >,? , , !( >,? D( !, [W3
( )( ,V, )( >,? . U.( ), ( ?* X ( ), ( !, . ( p ( (\_(* %:"( (
.(( *(! D( ?,
sp hAd sjfb ifrfV rsk dbsusj sIst zfkrkAf jvsh, sn hAd
ufrffsmW nhGlf W dyvjfstv ubA dbsusj sIst zbcvi wfdsHfo jvsh.
sp hAd dhN sJsq zfkrkAf jvsh, sn hAd ufrffsmW nhGlf dyvjfstv
ubA dhN ifb j'sv pfkbf sHfo jvsh. zfv sp hAd sjfb stZrJ (Ycdv
kAfdl) fvf zfkrkAf jvsh, sn hAd ufrffsmW stZrJ fvf nhGlf W
dyvjfstv ubA dbsusj zfOfk j'sv pfkbf sHfo jvsk Kfjsh. (hcJfvD
5778, mcndtm 313bQ iamcJ)
dkdb zfsvf hstb,

.((LA 0 > ,? D( .. )( D( .. )( ,81 (LA 0 > ,? D( [q.y
% )( . ( p ( .`.y
% )( ,81 ))
sp hAd I]fdn dbsq zfkrkAf jvsh sn hAd slfpsJW zbcvi I]fdn dbsq
zfpfh sHfo jvsh. zfv sp hAd hwGf hf YcdvjfOfk fvf zfkrkAf jvsh,
sn hAd slfpsJW zbcvi hwGf hf YcdvjfOfk fvf (dbsu dbsu) zfpfh sHfo
jvsh. (hcJfvD 1365bQ)
zfkrkAf zfnst jsv nmq zSLpG rWqfv yvm idvBdk. zKy LpG
rt uDhsbv zjfsv zfstfjhdkGjf. mrfb nxdjkGf zfmfslvsj jsv
nmq LpGLfvB jvfv zfslw dlsqsYb.
kfYfVf uDhb pJb mfbcN lfb jvsk ifsv bf, kJb kf LQn jvfv
zdLjfvW kfv sb. uDhblfkf mrfb zffr hstsYb,
(9&% ( ?* [( (% . *+,( %\( p )( :("( () Z
, L( %c[o!, ( h* ( w 0AB %c[o( [p * _ [&.q U( *m} (
N
L&M () {, )( , w * ( * +,( ( h* (L ( , ,% .
130
skfmvf dbsuslvsj rkAf jsvf bf; dbyq zffr skfmfslv iadk ivm
lqftc. iv sp sj nDmf tQOb j'sv zbAfqHfsh kf jvsh, zfdm zdysv
kfsj zdol jvh hQ kf zffrv is[ nrunfLA. (dbnf } 29-30)
dkdb zfsvf hstsYb,
4q L&M () {,=o* [D% _0 * AB %c[o), )%*W!, [&qU. *m} (
zKGf{, skfmvf dbsuslvsj LQsnv dlsj sEst dlsqf bf. (nCvf hfjfvfr 195)
dj sj ivjfstv dyf jsv bf, spsrkc kfv hcsj mfb sb, zKhf hV
lcht
G vsi zfsY. nckvfQ sn zdk nrsu zfkrkAfv dlsj zoanv rq.
sj ivjfstv isvfqf jsv, spsrkc kfv mfb kk lcht
G bq. sn ufsb
zfkrkAf mrfifi. zfkrkAf j'sv zfvfm ifWqf pfsh bf zKhf ivjfst
zfsvf shwD j sHfo jvsk rsh, kf ufsb. snW zfkrbb jvsk ifsv bf.
mc'dmsbv dyk rt, uDhbsj nhGfhfq ndys hvB jvf, nm jsv
dwjfv rsq znQJA hb mfsU mcdv fl tfH jvf. bsy{ kfv zfnt mcd
sb. `mvst zfvfm ifWqf'v jKfv dbyqkf Kfjst skf mvB Hft dYt.
dj zfkrkAf j'sv sp zdkdv jsv zfwf zfsY!
nckvfQ mcndtm pchjsj nkjGkfv nfsK susb vfJf dyk sp, mb iaBq
mrfifsiv jfu. i[fsv pdl sjfb iajfsv siam rsq dosq siadmjf kfsj
sL]fjf dlsq sIst, kfrst kfv ubA zfkrkAf jvsk rsh sjb? zfkrkAf
sp zfv j mrfifi. nckvfQ s[s SLspGv nfsK zffrv iawQnf jvf
dyk. jfvB, dkdb kfsj mb dyfdvBD bfvD sKsj v[f jsvsYb. sp bfvD
zdk nQsofisb kfv siasm zbAsjW wvDj jsvdYt, sn bfvDsj kfv uDhb
sKsj lCv jsv dlsqsYb.
zfv jKfW msb jvf dEj bq sp, lcdbqfsk sjht kfv ipc siammqD
mf jef tfqtf um dbsqdYt hQ uosk zfv mb sjfb bfvD sb,
sp kfsj rfdvsq pfWqf tfqtfv mskf Hfstfhfnsh. hvQ hfh jKf sp,
zdHbDk W zdkvdk zShL siasmv yfsk Shhfdrj-nCs nx idh siam
zfsvf iaofP, zfsvf dbmGt. jfvB, kf rt zffrv dhswN nxd. dkdb hstb,
='( Z
% L( (0' (&0" c[o(% !( (\( P
( (D( % * AB &.[o% _(; P
(% * %c[o, [p * %:"x c[o* (`* 5
( % *, U, )( %:", } (
4 L&M () {(.4o1 p* _()( &% q* ; X )( * *+,(> ,? 0AB
k]fv dblwGbfhtDv msLA j dblwGb sp, dkdb skfmfslv ubA
skfmfslv mLA sKsj skfmfslv ndbDslvsj nxd jsvsYb, pfsk skfmvf
kfslv dbje wfd sisk ifv. zfv dkdb skfmfslv mfsU ifvidvj siam W
131
snr nxd jsvsYb. (nCvf vm 21 zfqfk)

htf hftA, zfkrkAfv mfLAsm dbsuv Db-lcdbqf LQn j'sv lchGt msbv
idvyq slWqf jficvsNv jfu. i[fsv LspGv nfsK idvddkv smfjfdhtf
jsv nht msb bkcb j'sv idh uDhb osV skftf rt ncivc sNv jfu.
14. zbAfq-zkAfyfv
zShL siam-Odek jfvsB zsbsjv snfbfv nQnfv LQn rsq pfq. ziv j
bfvDsj Hfstfhfnsk dosq dbsuv dhhfdrkf Dv iadk zdhyfv W zkAfyfv jvf
rq. zKhf sjfb jcthLCv siasm isV zKhf kfv siamsj iawqa dlsq, kfsj
siami dtsJ hf ofsq-iVf rsq nf[fsk zKhf sIfsb mLcv jKf hst
siamufst zfh jvfv syf j'sv kfv fmDv nQnfsv zwfdv mrfiatq
zfbqb jvf rq. tie rstW sjfb fmD yfq bf sp, kfv D zbAfnf
srfj, spmb sjfb DW yfq bf sp, kfv fmD zbAfn srfj hf dkDq D oarB
jvj. nckvfQ Hq iajfv LQn sp mrfLQn kf htf hftA.
jde mfbcsNv iadk dmKAf zihfl slWqfv pctcm rsq Kfsj. siam htsk
skmb djYc bf OestW nfmfbA djYc slsJ vefsbf rq zsbj jKf. sn pf jsvdb,
kf stfsj hst jsvsY. wsq jub dmKAfqb jsv, dj nkAfqb jsv
dbvfb ub.
nkA yst, dj dmKAf sYfse. jbf jfwIcst zfb YdVsq iVfv mskf vef
Jhv YdVsq isV. jfsvf iadkhfl jvsk sost hst, `pf vse, kfv djYc bf djYc
hse.' zKy hfsh zsbj s[s slJf pfq, `pf vse, kfv djYc bq hse.'
zbcvi pctcm W zbAfq rt j swaBDv pchsjv, pfvf mb pchkDv nfsK
siam-nijG lfhD jsv, sp kfsj sysbW bf, ufsbW bf. dj stfsj kfv jKfq
dhwfn j'sv pchkD W kfv idvhfsvv iadk jcLfvBf j'sv hsn hQ kfslv
syfsJ kfvf zjfvsB sYfe rsq pfq. dhhfdrkf rst fmDv msbW nslr nxd
rq hQ v rq bfbf zwfd.
pfvf siam Oefsk nrspfdokf jsv, sjfebf-jcebD hf lCk-lCkDv jfu jsv,
pflc-sefbf j'sv kfhDp kAfdl dlsq siam nxd jsv, zbAfsq nrspfoDvfW jm
hV pfstm bq.
zfv zShL siasmv zfofsofVf rt zbAfq W pctcm. jfvB sp ifi jsv, sn
zfnst dbsuv iadk pctcm W zkAfyfv jsv. pctcm jsv zsbAv iadk, spsrkc
siasm I]fdnsq kfv Db-lcdbqf hvhfl jsv. kfv dhshj-hcd, mfb-nm, Lbnil, ncJ W fA b j'sv YfsV.
132
zbAfsqv iadkswfsL zbAfqW j iajfv zbAfq. spmb fmD zbA smsqv

nfsK siam jsv, kf iadkswfL dbsk DW zbA sYstv nfsK siam jsv.
siamOdek pctcm-zkAfyfv rt, wDtkfrfdb, LNGB, AdnF YcV
] f W rkAf jvf.
zfv ntfsmv nkjGhfBD rt,
.((,="( ( q, &( % )( $ ( [ [ (c 0A?* ( c [& qU0))
skfmvf zkAfyfv jvf sKsj hf]y. sjbbf, zkAfyfv djqfmskv dlsbv
zjfv. (mcndtm 6741bQ)
15. zfkDqkfv hb sYlb
siam pJb siadmj-siadmjfsj ifot j'sv skfst, kJb kfslv lXf msb
tf-wvm djYc zhdw Kfsj bf. kJb kfslv hcdt rq, `diqfv djqf skf
Fvbf djqf?' `djsnv tf djsnv Hq, siam-divDsk nh nq.' Hq rq bf
nmfusj. Hq rq bf dikfmfkfv Hfstfhfnfv jcvhfbDsj.
ìaBsqv if pKf pfv mb yfq,
mfkf-dikf sfsL kfsv pdly kfjfq.'
zShL iaBq iaBqDsj dbu mf-hfsiv snr-lczf sKsj lCsv ndvsq sIst. sp
pchkDsj Sbdkj jfvsB mf-hfi iYl jsv bf, sn pchkDv siasm sI]sn siam
zdbhGfB vfJsk dosq nQnfv-uDhsb nhsysq mCtAhfb dudbn mf-hfisj jcvhfb
jvsk rq.
ufb-diqfvf siadmjf siadmjsj kfv shsrwXk sKsj lCsv ndvsq zfsb.
zbAfbA zfkDsqv syfsJ kfsj kcY j'sv skfst. kfslv siam-ictdjk
dnk mb hst,
`divDdk bosv hndk jdvh
divDsk h]fdLh Ov,
divDk zfib divDk ub
kf dHb njt iv.'
dlt-Wqftf lctf-dmRf siadmjfsj kcst dbsq zfsn. mfsqv oHGbfdV hQ
hfsiv snr-sFfv dY j'sv dbsuv msbv dnQrfnsbv slhD hfbfq. kfvf ufsb
bf hf mfsb bf sp, dikfv nmdk YfVf sjfb smsq kfv h rsk ifsv bf. jfvB
kJb kfvf sjfb mprfshv slfrfq dlsq hf zfsbv nfrfpA dbsq sbjfv sFfv
muhck j'sv sIst.
zfkdhwfsn dhwfnD hfhf hst, `zfmfv smsq bfhfdtjf. kfsj zirvB jvf
rsqsY.'
133
dj sYstv rsq smsq hst, `zfdm nfhfdtjf. zfdm Wsj shv j'sv dbsq
sndY!'
icdtw hst, `zfv dbsusj tdk jvshb bf. zfibfv smsq AfFfeX. sn
sYfq ifdtsq snsY. zfmfslv djYc jvfv sb.'
zsbj nmq icdtw smsqsj Jdkqfv slq, `kcdm jfv nfsK spsk yfW?
hfhfv nfsK, bfdj siadmsjv nfsK?'
dImX-slJf smsq dnsbmfv bfdqjfv mskf uhfh slq, `zfdm dbsuv mskf
h]fysk yf. hfhfv nfsK pfh bf.'
shfjf smsq kJb hcUsk ifsv bf, hfhfv nfsK dyvhsbv jKf. kf nfmdqj
siam-hsbv iv idviCBG Hvnf j'sv hfhfv vsv hbsj dY j'sv sIst.
kJb sn HfhskW ifsv bf sp, mb sjfb dlb zfnsk ifsv, spdlb kfv sn
lchGt hb nfmfbA Hct hcUfhcdUv Ist b rsq sost zfhfv kfsj hfhfv
hcsj sn tfosk rsh.
mrfb zffr hstb,
(:),8'1 * +',Y* % [ () %c[o"( '(ZL% * '&. ; q* U. (AL% *R'> ,? . , 'pU. % *%c_.% 1 &( '(U %AB %c_.% ( ( %\D( ?*
L&M () %cK. L( ( !% * ( % * (%cD. 0 ( *W?* [ %cD. (( *
[mkfq zdLdk rst nHhk} skfmvf ixdKhDsk dhipGq nxd jvsh hQ
skfmfslv zfkDqkfv hb dY jvsh. Wvf skf kfvf, pfslvsj zffr
zdHw j'sv hdLv W lxdwdrDb jsvb. (mcrfmfl } 22-23)
mrfbhD hstsYb,
.(( . p* Z
% * (7 ( * +, %^
, W*? (Y% v, % ?* ,=0d
* ,7!&(% [ M( % . ,)) &(
dikf-mfkf uffskv lcqfvnmCsrv msLA nhGswa lcqfv. nckvfQ kcdm pdl
yfW, kfrst lcqfvsj b jv zKhf kfv v[Bfsh[B jv. (dkvdmpD
1900bQ)
16. jsv uDhb hvB

idvshw siasmv zbcjt
C bf rst siadmj-siadmjf zbA hfnf h]fLfv syf
jsv. dj Ov sYsV shdvsq pfq jJb? jfHfsh hfLA bf rst sj zfib
Ov sYsV hfsvv sjfb zufbf ufqofq spsk yfq bf. kfvf Hfsh, djYc dlbjfv
ubA shv rsq dosq dhsq j'sv nQnfv jvfv iv idvddk Eff rst pKfnmsq
dIsv zfnsh. dEj hfhf-mf kfslvsj smsb sbsh. ksh nfLfvBk} lc'dev jde
134
idvddk nxd bf rst siadmj-siadmjf dbsuslv mmkfv hfnf sYsV sV pfq

bf.
(j) dmtsbv Ist sise hfyf sn sost hQ kfv nfmft dlsk bf ifvst.
(lc) dhhfsrv hAfifsv dbvfw rsq sost hQ ofsuGb zbA ufqofq dhhfr
dEj j'sv sItst.
nckvfQ kJb kfvf zbA ifq bf slsJ siam ifjf jvsk syfsvv mskf
tcdjsq Ov sYsV ifdtsq pfq. kfslv diYsb stfj tfso. icdtwW kfVf j'sv
shVfq. wfdv uDhbefsj zwfd dlsq idviCBG jsv. dbvfil uDhbsj Hq W
zfks idviCBG j'sv sIst.
Hfstfhfnfv nfIstAv ubA nrspfdokf tfso. hcvf ufqof slq. ififyfvDvf
ififyfvDslv nfrfpA jsv. snJfsb icdtw hf hfdVv stfjub pfsY bsk
zbA hcvf sedtsIfsb Jhv dlsq slq. kfvf zbA itfqb jsv.
sjfKfW isvv zfdwak rsq Kfjsk rq. bfbf stfsjv debD W jcmhA
bsk rq.
wsv uDhb sYsV so]sqf uDhb zhtb jvsk rq. dn sYsV IAfsb, IAfb
sYsV h]fw-hfofsbv hfkfsn vfdpfib jvsk rq.
mrt sYsV iBGjdc esv, ift sYsV mfdev dhYfbfq Ocmfsk rq. jJsbf hf
sifsVf hfdVsk hfn jvsk rq. spJfsb Kfsj bfbf zfwf W zfk. j dlsj
Lvf iVfv Hq, zbA dlsj tie-fv zkAfyfsvv dwjfv rsk rq.
zftfstv Osv lctftD smsq Osvv vffv jfsu mfsqv nrspfdokf jvk bf.
Jb sn dbsuv rfk icdVsq vff jsv! bkcb hvW idvwasmv jfujmG j'sv
sjfb vjm lc-shtfv z spfofV j'sv zfsb.
k jsv siam-uDhb. ef bfdj kfslv hV zfbslv W ictsjv uDhb!
ej bf sJst dj dmdv dmkf iCBGmffq zbcHh jvf nh rq?
dbjx uDhb. mb bDy bf rst bDykf sj sYfq oarB jsv?
135
zShL siasmv nmfbok [dknmCr

siasm iVfv smsqv nm Kfsj bf. sn mfbcsNv syfsJ sYfe rsq pfq. mbdj
pfsj sn Hfstfhfsn hQ pfsj sn LfvBf jsv sp, kfsj Hfstfhfsn, kfv
syfsJW rDb rsq pfq.
smsq Hfsh, W zfmfsj Hfstfhfsn, kf zfdm kfv jfsY zjie r. dj
kfv msb nslr zfsn sp, sp smsq zfmfv dbje kfv fmD hf idvhfsvv syfsJ
LCtf dlsq zfnsk ifsv, sn smsq zfmfv rWqfv isv zfmfsjW sL]fjf dlsq
zsbAv jfsY spsk ifsv.
pdlW mfbhviD sbjsVslv siam j'sv dhsq bf jvfv ef jef zucrfk.
Hfstfhfnfv bfsm smsqv nhsysq shdw mCtAhfb dudbn tcsE dbsq kfsj dhlfq
slWqfv jef Wuv.
`dbsuslv sb mbcNAk, ufdb bf sjmsb kfvfbfvDslv jfsY yfsr nkDk rfqsv wvm-rfvf!'
zfnst kfvf nkDk yfq bf, kfvf yfq bh bh bfvDk. dj bfvD snef hcUsk
ifsv bf. Ist zdk nrsu mb sbjsVv nctH dwjfsv idvBk rq. zbfqfsn
kfsj dbsuv spZhb dhdtsq slq. dhdtsq slq dbsuv kKf idvhfsvv mfbnmfb, nm W mpGflf.
** jctmfb LQn
siasm iVf mfbcN dbu mpGflfv sJqft vfsJ bf. siasmv sbwf kfsj sn sJqft
vfJfv mskf ncspfo slq bf. sn jhfv sHshW slsJ bf sp,
kfv hQwDq mpGflfv jD rsh?
kfv mf-hfi-Hfslv nmfb jD rsh?
kfv hfi-Hfslv lfdVv nmfb sjfKfq Kfjsh?
zfstm hf rfuD nfsrh zfkDqslv mpGflfv zhf jD rsh?
`jct vfdJ bf wAfm vfdJ rfq msb zfmfv ,
sj sp zfmfq hfnsh Hft, sj hfdnsh ml?
shsY sbWqfv ifdb ncspfo zfu kfv swN dlb,
wAfm vfJsk jcst jfdt, kf-dLbfdLb dLb!'
pf Hct j'sv yfWqf rq, kf sisk jct pfq. zfv snef rt Hfstfhfnf. kfsk
icvsNv mfb-nmfb Kfsj bf. tfdk W OxdBk rq nHA nmfsu. zfv jub
bfvD, sn skf idviCBG t rsq pfq njstv syfsJ. ndEjHfsh kWhf jvst
136
mrfb jvBfmq zffr rqskf [mf j'sv Kfsjb. dj nmfu kfv kWhf oarB
hf Djfv jsv bf. Ist zfuDhb sn jtsv jfdtmf ofsq dbsq nQnfv
jvsk rq. dhswN j'sv siam nIt jvsk dosq Kfbfq pfq, zflftsk pfq
hQ zfibusbv dhvs iawfnsbv nfrfpA sbq zKhf ncvd[k sjf sYsV
vdnj bfosvv nfsK syfsvv mskf itfqb jsv. zk}iv jdlb bf jdlb
mfKf dbyc j'sv Ov sTfsj.
mfb Kfsj bf hst sjfb Hct rst jKfq jKfq sJ]fef sJsk rq, `shdvbucbD smsq hse!' `sjfseGv jfEoVfq yfif smsq hse!' jtsv lfo
zfuDhb sKsj pfq hQ mfKf dbyc j'sv msbv rDbkf W ofdb dbsq uDhb
zdkhfdrk jvsk rq.
sjht siadmj-siadmjfv mfb-nmfb LCtftcdk rq kf bq, hvQ kfslv
nfsK kfslv zfkDq W hQswv jctmfb Hfnmfb rq.
siasmv hdhL [dkjfvD dlj sJqft jsv jdh hstsYb,
`softfi Ict Icse zfsY mLci srfkf pfnXsb,
Icstv mLc tcdesk dosq j]fefv Of JfnXsb.'
dj pfslv mfb-tf-Hq dusvf hQ bdkjkfv zh[sq drsvf, kfvf
kfv uhfsh hst,
`j]fef srdv [f sjb jmt kcdtsk,
lcJ dhbf ncJ tfH rq dj mdrsk?'
kfvf hst, `Hfstfhfnf W pcs sjfb nmfb sb.' nmfsbv jKf Hfhsk
sost pcs W siasm uqtfH rq bf.
hfh ef sp, tfqtf-mubcslv msb Lxkf, iaotXHkf W dbtGkf Kfsj.
kf kfvf zbfqfsn siasmv HfsveX uqtfH jsv. bkchf usqv zfwfq
yVsk yVsk hvsIv dbsy yfif isV.
137
zShL siasmv fAok [dknmCr

siasmv fAok [dk zfsY jfdLj. siam-uosk kfv h buDv ifWqf
pfq.
siam jef svfo. nhfv zfso ef jef mfbdnj svfo. zfv sn sKsj
zfsn wfvDdvj znck
f.
siamsvfo [dkjv W Hqfbj rq kJb, pJb siasm hfLf isV, iakfvBf Lvf
isV zKhf znfItA i rsq pfq. siadmj-siadmjfv lCvkW siamsvfo HDNB
zfjfv LfvB jvfv jfvB rsk ifsv.
njt zhfq siasmv mxdk hV j slq. siam yst sost mxdk svsJ pfq.
softfi djsq sost j]fef vsq pfq. zfv mxdk sKsj smfYf pfq bf sn siamsj,
siasmv sn ifsj. zfLcdbj pcsov siasmv iakAfJAfb slsJ j jdh hstsYb,
`ht jD jD sKsj mcsY sItdh zfmfq?
skfv tAfiei skfv siafIft
skfv bh skfv smfhft
mcYsk ifvdh sn Eff-rfdn
zflv zdHmfb Hfstfhfnfhfdn?
ifse sIstdYn hfdV sIvfv iK
j nfsK ytfv sn YfqfiK
Hctsk sisvdYn sIfb-bv
sybf mcJ zfv idvdyk v?'
mxdk Lc shlbf. sn shlbf mbsj dj jsv. slsr znckf zfbqb jsv.
znIt siasmv mxdk mfbcNsj wfd slq bf, dW slq bf. iakfdvkf hst,
òtfq sp sof idvsq sost dhN-mfJfsbf j]fefv mftf,
Ocsmv sOfsv dYtfm psh, vfJst kfsk mxdkv uftf.
HfhdY hsn Osv sjb sustdYtfm siasmv zfstf,
zfusj sn sp zfb rsq icdVsq smfsv jvsY jfstf.
Wsof zfmfv ifsq ytfv nfKD !
zfmfq sIst sofib isK zdybX slsw uftfW hfdk.
skfmfv nfsK h dlsbv zsbj jKf vq sp hfdj,
Hfstfhfnfv dj vDdk! mb j'sv dlst I]fdj?
kdV{ ncsv zfHfN dlsq tcdjsq v'st zufbX slsw,
sjmb j'sv shVfW snKf Wsof zfmfv nhGsbsw.
138
Wsof smfv nh rfvfsbfv mCt !

uo{efsj dybsk bfdv nhef spb Hct.'
siam mfbdnj pBf, hcsjv hAKf W shlbf. divDskv vDdk ef.
`zfidb icsV sifVfq iafB, kfv sp bfm divDdk,
Lvf dlsq slq bf Lvf rfqsv kfv dj vDdk?
mftfq sh]sL pdl Hfdh slh bf zfv iftfsk,
jfsY sisq mdv sp kfv Ytbfv uftfsk.
bf Icse pfq djsq Ifsbv rfq Ict j]dc V,
jec ust pfq sp dbsH snfrfsov sn IctUcdv.'
siasmv isv hAKfv uftfq jfkv rsq siadmj-siadmjf hst,
Ìct sjb IcsedYst pdl Usv pfsh,
Hfstf sjb shsndYst pdl hAKf slsh?'
nfb f slWqfv mskf sj Kfjst LpGrfvf siadmj-siadmjfsj nfb f W
nfrn dlsq hst,
`siasmv softfi sisk rst, j]fef nsk rsh,
uftf dhbf Hfstfhfnf, sj sisqsY jsh?'
Hfstfhfnf syfsJv ifdb. siasm znItkf, lCvk W dhvsrv shlbf siadmjsiadmjfv zd[sq zwa Uvfq. zdHvf hstsYb,
`Hfstfhfnf mrfifi,
siam kfv zdHwfi.
Hfstfhfnfv swNIt,
hcsj hAKf syfsJ ut.'
sj hstsYb, `Hfstfhfnf zfYflb bq, hvQ syfsJv ifdb.'
`zfjfw nfovsj Hfstfhfsn. kf skf sn kfsj bf sisq hxdv jff sj]sl
ixdKhD Hfdnsq slq.'
zdbhGfB divDk-iDdVk slfX zfmfv! ncfA skfmfv ubA zffrv slWqf
j hV sbqfmk W zfmfbk. siasmv lcdyfq isV kf rfdvsq sItfq skfmfv
sjfb zdLjfv sb. Hfstf mfbcN siasm isV zsbj nmq svfodj rsq isV.
spJfsb lCvk W hfLf shwD, snJfsb siasmv hfV shwD. jfvB, zShL siam
hfVfsk wqkfb nrfqj sjfebf rq. pfv Ist bfbfbX zwcH dyf, zShL
hfnbf, zhfh jibf hQ diaqkmf rfdvsq pfWqf hf siam znIt rWqfv
dhdH zfwf rlq-sjfsB sn hfnf h]fsL. Ist jJsbf JfWqfsk zvdy
usm, zdbf slJf slq. jJsbf hf mfbdnj yfsi wfvDdvjHfsh hAfdLoa W
139
lchGt rsq iVsk Kfsj.

`zfndv Yq dyr susbf sr kbq,
lDOGwf n, mfbmcJ, dn zd[q.
dufdnst, zbA dkb t[B sjfKfq,
ifrfv, ziHfN, hdk dbfq.'
dk zdHkf tfH j'sv jub dh hstsYb, `Hfstfhfnfq bf dosq pcs
pfWqf Hfstf. jfvB pcs sost mfbcN rq msv, bf rq h]fsy. dj Hfstfhfnfq
msvW bf, h]fsyW bf.'
spb ufrffsmv uDhb! spJfsb zivfLD mvshW bf, hf]yshW bf. (zf'tf } 13)
idvshswv rfWqf pJb siasmv iadkjCst yst, kJb siadmsjv msbv zfjfsw
lc}sJv jfstf smO sYsq zfsn, j ifq bfbfHfsh. siadmj zKhf siadmjfv
drkfjf[D zKhf w mb siasm hfLf dlsk yfq. hAdKk rlq bf-ifWqfv
zfs[i ufdbsq slq siadmjfv jfsY,
`--- Hcdt bf khc skfmfsv HfstfshsndY
jJsbf uDhsb jft shfswJDv UV
snsY sofisb, sHs sosY h]fLf Ov
jk rfvfsbfv hAKfsv Hcdtsk bDvsh sofisb sj]sldY..
zdo-dwJfq jHc mb dbsusv jsvdY Yf,
jk zwav Lfvfq hcj HfdnsqdY zfdm rfq.---'
siam svfo fArfdb Oefq. zdkdv jff W lcdyfv jfvsB syfsJv sjfsB
jfdt usm. ofst smsykf isV. rfseGv svfo rsq pfq. mCYGf pfWqf, dJ]ydc b
rWqfv jfvB siamsvfo rsk ifsv. siamsvfo zsbj nmq Oefq iafBrfdbW.
siasm znIt rsq zsbsj rfeGsItW jsv! (zfv-dvqfp idjf 11113 nQJAf,
35ix})
140
zShL siasmv zfdKGj [dknmCr

siam jvsk zKG Jvy rq. dhbf iqnfq dj siam ifWqf pfq? dhbf iqnfq
IjDsvW lczf slq bf.
kfvf hst, `jub jilGjrDb stfjsj dbsq jibf-dhtfn jvf yst.
dj kfsj dbsq nQnfsvv e-ifKsvv Ov h]fLf pfq bf.'
`lvuf dlsq zHfh iashw jvst ufbftf dlsq Hfstfhfnf sofisb itfqb
jsv.'
`zHfh pJb kcIfb rsq sn Osvv ufbftfq zfOfk jsv, kJb Hfthfnfv
Ictlfdb isV dosq sHs ycvmfv rsq pfq.'
`lfdvsv UsV Hfthfnfv ialDi dbsH pfq.'
ùDhsbv ofdV yst efjfv yfjfq.'
èfjf zfv h, jef bf rst zbAef rq bf.'
`jdV Iejf dy]sV l, jdV dhsb hc j?'
nckvfQ siasmv isK siadmj pKfnhG dVsq slq, yfjdv, hAhnf b jsv,
zsbsj dkv bfoft sisqW bfvDv mfqfufst sI]sn dosq il rfvfq, yfjcvD
rfvfq, rfvfq zbKGj h Lb-nil.
jKf htfv ubA smfhfst hAfstnX Hsv dlsk hst. kf dlsq dbsuv zbA
jfu yftfq.
sedtsIfsb Oefv iv Oef jKf hst. sbse Oefv iv Oef yAfe jsv,
dHdFW-jt jsv. kfsk jk dht zfsn!
ns shVfsk dosq siadmjfv mbsj kc jvsk dosq mfsjGe, smtf, tu,
srfsest jk wk-nrna efjf hAq rq.
zfvshv j LbDjbAf kfv siadmsjv iasqfusb hAq jvk. yfv mfsn kfv
hAsqv idvmfB rsq l]fVft zfEfsvf rfufv dvqft! (zft-ufpDvfr idjf 8663
nQJAf, 13ix})
dbyq Hfstfhfnfv mfbcsNv ubA hAq, zfbslv hAq. dj zihAq Hfstf

bq. dhswN j'sv kfv diYsb sjfb ijfv bf Kfjst hQ iakfvBf hf
iakAfJAfb rst jD rq?
zfmfslv zft-mfumfzfr wrsv j hfMftD oxrhLC idvyfdvjfv jfu
jvk. fmD dYt slsw hQ sn kfv ziYl dYt. jlf rEf{ vQ jfsbjwsb
j sYstv nfsK kfv idvyq rq. sn spb rfsk y]fl ifq.
sn pchj hst, `zfdm jstsu iVfswfbf jdv. zfmfv mf sb, n{-mf zfsY.
141
iVfswfbfv Jvy slq bf.' pchkD nlq rsq dbu idvwasmv efjf ifEfq.
jhfv jdiefv iasqfub rWqfv jKf hst. sn kfv mCtA ifdEsq slq.
yfjdvv zfwf, dhsqv Wqflf--- nh dmst pchkD Jcw dYt. rEf{ j'sv
jfsbjwb zI. smfhft h!
ef bf zfnst
smsqvf msu sost jD bf dlsk ifsv? Lb, mb, slr, spZhb nh djYc ufV
j'sv dlsk ifsv.
sYstvf hst, `dlt dlqf rAfq u]f (ufb) HD sls Afq nbmX sksv dtsq.'
zfv smsqvf drlD ofb htsk bf ifvstW kfvf hst,
`Wsof jfMft! zfmfq jfMft jsvY
zfsvf dj skfmfq yf?
Wsof dHJfvD! zfmfv dHJfvDitsj njdt n]sidY yvsB
zfv skf djYc bf.'
YfVf siasmv susv zfsvf jk zKGhAq rsq Kfsj. zsbj nmq Kfbficdtw, sjfeG-jfYfdvskW zsbj efjf hAq rq.
zKG ns dj tfqtf-mubc W kfslv zdHHfhjsj djqfmsk dufnf
jvf rsh bf?
mDvfn sKsj hbf
zShL siam j'sv nQnfv jvfv Ist dikfmfkfv mfb-nmfb sJfqf pfq. pfv
lvb kfvf kfslv zhfLA nfbsj mDvfn sKsj hdk jsv. uDdhkfhfq zbA
Hf-shfbslv bfsm t j'sv slq. siasmv uq rq, nislv [q rq.
bAfq-zbAfsqv iaw zftflf. jfsIv rsq sost dEj zfsY. dj jfsIv bf
rst sjfb ifi hf zhfLAfyvsBv jfvsB iafiA zdLjfv sKsj hdk jvf ShL
bq. khcW siasmv sJtf mb sp, sn sJtfq sjht siadmj-siadmjfq duksh,
kf rq bf. kfslv sul Kfjst tftbjfvD mfbcNslv sul sjb hufq Kfjsh
bf?
142
siamsvfsov dydj{nf
siasmv hAKf lfvB, pfv sjfb NL sb, jKf siam-ifotvf hst Kfsj.
dj pfv zbcHdC k zfsY sp, siam jef svfo, kfv dydj{nf nru.
sj pdl dhlzfksj Db msb jsv, kfrst kfv kWhfv zfwf Kfsj bf,
skmdb sj pdl siamsj rftft hf jxdkk hst dhwfn jsv, kfrst kfv
dydj{nf lcvr.
mcndtm kvB-kvBD! pdl Djfv jv sp, skfmfv mfsU sp siam zfsY, kf
zShL siam, sjfb sjfb nmfu W idvshsw kfv hLkf KfjstW ntfm kfsj
Djxdk slq bf hQ skfmfslv mfsU pf Ose sosY kf zfshomq msbv Hct,
kfrst skfmvf sn msbfsvfsov dydj{nf jvfsk yfst, dydj{nf ItianC
rsh b wfzffr.
i[fsv msb pdl mfbD lchGtkf Kfsj zKhf siam zivfL bq hst LfvBf
Kfsj zKhf msbv odrsb kA W zrQjfv Kfsj, kfrst zhwA dydj{nfv
zfwf zfmvf jvh bf. zfv siandjiwb skfmfslv sjfb jfsu tfosh bf.
NL bf sJst dydj{nfv tfH jD?
ksh zfmvf zfwf jvh, hsjqf mfsbv zfstfsk skfmfslv zfstf hxdtfH
jvsh hQ skfmvf svfo nfvfsk dbqdmk NL snhb jvsh. mrfb zffr
skfmfslvsj [mf jvshb hQ skfmfslvsj ncJ W dv uDhb lfb jvshb.
1. zffrsj Hq jv
spsrkc kf zShL iaBq. snsrkc kcdm nhfv iv zffrsj Hq jv.
zk}iv Hq jv mcndtm nmfusj.
sp hAd zffrsj Hq jsv, zffr kfv iK nru jsv slb. nQjse h]fyfv
ifq shv jsv slb. mrfb zffr hstsYb,
L&M () { P
4( y
% "( . 1 \( 3
% )( ( 1 A`_0)( :("} (
sp sj zffrsj Hq jvsh, zffr kfv dbjdx kv iK j'sv slshb.
(kftfj } 2)
L&M () {4% ). ,V4A "% * %:", . 1 \( 3

% )( ( 1 A`_0)( :("} (
zffrsj sp Hq jvsh, zffr kfv nmnAfv nmfLfb nru j'sv slshb.
(kftfj } 4)
siam zffrv kvI sKsj ifWqf mfbcsNv ubA j hV sbqfmk. kf
143
pKffsb iasqfo jvf j hflk. zfv kf ziiasqfo jvf rt sofbfrv jfu.

zKGf{ zShL siam rt nydvkf W Sbdkjkfv idviD. dhhfsrv iCshG
rlsqv zflfb-ialfb hf iYl zKhf Hfstfhfnfv bfsm pchj-pchkDv js
mB-dhrfv, dbuGsb sJfwftfi, zhfL smtfdmwf W slJf-nf[f{, sofisb
dydhsbflb iaHdx k zflwG LmG ntfsm ShL bq. spsrkc zShL siam mrfb
zffrv Hfstfhfnf sKsj mfbcNsj lCsv ndvsq slq.
hkGmfb idvshsw sjht sn pchj-pchkD zShL iaBq sKsj h]fysk ifsv,
pfv rlsq zfsY zffrv Hq. zfv zffrv Hq hcsj Kfjst wk hfLf W
dhidv mfsU ytfv iK nru rsq pfq. zffrv nfmsb uhfhdldr jvsk
rsh--- Hsq sp dbsuv iahdx lmb jvsh, kfv dEjfbf rsh shsrs. hvQ
kfv ubA vsqsY lc'de shsrX. mrfb zffr hstsYb,
:4 L&M () {A(_ 0P
( , !xL( ( q* "( (9 5
( %:( ,} (
sp hAd kfv iadkiftsjv nfmsb idk rWqfv Hq vfsJ, kfv ubA
vsqsY lcde (uffskv) hfofb. (vfrmfb } 46)
i[fsv zffrv Hq rlsq Kfjst zffr hflfsj mb sbfQvfdm sKsj
h]fdysq sbb. mfsb zffrv iadk Jtfn Kfjst dkdb hflfsj zwDtkf
sKsj lCsv vfsJb. bhD ncI
W pctfJfv hAfifsv dkdb hstb,
N E( '% p* ( (N&n ' . '% ( (94A % (, *+,(8h* , !xL( ( K( 4% !. * L0 *m&% * D( !, 0cK( (, !, %0 K( % q* * } (
uM&) L&M () {( , * y
% . ( ,( , %:", . 0AB
sn mdrtf kfv iadk zfn rsq isVdYt hQ snW kfv iadk zfn
rsq iVk, pdl bf sn kfv iadkiftsjv dblwGb iakA[ jvk. kfsj ml
jfu W zwDtkf rsk dhvk vfJfv ubA Hfsh dblwGb sldJsqdYtfm.
dbyq sn dYt zfmfv dhwcdy lfnslv jub. (nCvf ncI 24 zfqfk)
nckvfQ msbv jciha dx W jfmbfv dhvs tVf jvfv iaLfb z rt mfb.
mfb nclPx vfJ, jfsvf zShL Hfstfhfnfq I]fnsh bf hQ zShL ifsq sj
skfmfv mb ycdv jvsk ifvsh bf. zfv ycdv rsq sostW kcdm dbsusj h]fdysq
dbsk n[m rsh.
zffrv Hq hQ zlxwAHfsh zffrv Hq pfv msb Kfjsh, sn v[f ifsh
zShL siasmv ml idvBfm sKsj. vfuf dhb zfmXv bfJXqD hstb, jCIfq j
zfshl pchj dYt, sn dYt hV ncwDa W nclwGb. jlf dbu idvhfsvv nfsK mv
zst dosq j nialfsqv iadkshwD rsq k]fhc ofVt. j nmq rEf{ j'sv
kfslv j nclvD djswfvDv iadk kfv lxd iVt. zfv nfsK nfsK sn kfv
144
siasm isV sot. mb siam sp, kfsk kfv dhshj-hcd spb tq rsk tfot.
sn siam dYt rlq sKsj. sn siasm sjfb jiekf dYt bf.
djswfvDdevW zhf dYt zbcvi. pchsjv i[ sKsj djswfvDv idvhfsvv
k]fhcsk dhsqv iqofm sot. dj djswfvDv hfhf htt, kfv yfyfskf Hfsqv
nfsK kfv dhsq dEj rsq zfsY, sn hfolf.
djswfvDv mb yfyfskf Hfsqv iadk dYt bf. snW msbiafsB ncwDa dwd[k
pchjsj msbv mfbcN vsi ifWqfv jfmbf W iasyf jvsk tfot. nf[f{
jfmbf j'sv kfsj kfv k]fhcsk zfnsk htt zKhf pchsjv k]fhcsk kfsj
sFsj dbsk htt. dj pchj htt, `yfdvdlsj stfjub. jJb sn ncspfo
rsh?'
djswfvD htt, `pJb nhf Ocdmsq pfsh.'
pchjde htt, `dj nhf Ocmfst jub skf nlf-nhGlf suso Kfsjb.
mrfb zffr jJsbf Ocmfb bf.
4q L&M () {$&% ( *m (t=(M, .V.85
. WU( *m .&nq* n>( (& K. }
dkdb dyvDh, nh djYcv Lfvj. k]fsj kf W dbf iwG jsv bf.
(hfjfvfr } 255)
R L&M () {c , ( &% )( (7(8( >!xL( .% ( ( %AB .9 5

( * (>xAB}
zfdm pdl zfmfv iadkiftsjv zhfLAkf jdv, ksh zfdm Hq jdv sp, mrf
dlsbv wfd zfmfv iv zfidkk rsh. (bXm } 15)
zfdm skf sn zfbsj Hq jdv, pfv dwJf stdtrfb, pf sjfbdlb sbsH
bf.' (pfmct rfWqf 263ix})
zff zfjhfv. mrfb zffrv Hq W k]fv ufrffsmv Hq kfsj ifi W
siasmv ifotfdm sKsj v[f jvt. i[fsv pfslv msb Hq sb, zffrv Hq
sb, nmfsuvW Hq sb, kfvf hst, `diqfv djqf skf Fvbf djqf?'
mrfb zffrv iadk nht mfb Kfjst hQ kfv nfmsb l]fVfsbfv Hq
Kfjst siam huGb jvf pfq. iakAfJAfb jvf pfq nclvDv siasmv zfrhfb.
zfrmfl dhb nfl zft-zfshl hstb, zfmfslv jCIf wrsv j ncEfmslrD nclwGb pchj dYt. iafq nmq mndusl Kfjk. jlf j nclvDv ncvmfv
nfsK sjfbHfsh kfv slJf rq. zfv snJfb sKsj kfv msb pchsjv iadk
Hfstfhfnf nxd rq. djYc dlb iv smsqde kfv Hfstfhfnf iajfw jvfv ubA
j nmq kfv mndul pfWqfv isK l]fdVsq pfq. sn jfsY st hst, `
swfsbf! skfmfv nfsK zfmfv djYc jKf dYt.'
145
dj pchj jKfq jfb bf dlsq iK zdkm jvt.

smsqdev msb siam dB dYt. nckvfQ kfv hfdV sIvfv isK zfhfv l]fdVsq
sot. jfsY st kfv nfsK jKf htfv Yf iajfw jvt. pchj mfKf dbyc j'sv
htt, `Jfsb l]fdVsq skfmfv nfsK jKf htst stfsj zihfl slsh. zfv
zfdm dbsuv ydvsj jtdk jvsk yf bf.'
smsqde htt, `zffrv jnm! zfdm skfmfv hAfifsv bf susb Jfsb
l]fVfdb. zfv skfmvf zfshslv lt j]fsyv ifsv mskf. nfmfbA djYcsk
mqtf Lsv pfq. smfejKf zfdm htsk yf, zfdm skfmfsj Hfstfshsn sIstdY.
zffrv jnm! zfdm nlf-nhGlf skfmfv jKf msb jdv. nckvfQ kcdm zfmfv
hAfifsv sHsh slsJf. zfdm skfmfv uhfshv zsi[fq vtfm.'
pchjde kf{[dBj sjfb uhfh bf dlsq hfdV dIvt. dj smsqdev smfrbDq
jKf kfsj mc j'sv sItt. bfmfp iVsk sost bfmfspW kfv jKf mvB
rsk tfot. bfmfspW kfv msbfspfo lCv rsq sot!
idvswsN sn jde dydE dtsJ smsqdev dbje si]ZsY dlt. sn dydE Jcst iVt.
kfsk stJf zfsY, `dhndmfdrv vfrmfdbv vfrDm. susb svsJf bfvD! mrfb
zffrv zhfLAfyvB jvf rst dkdb nrA j'sv sbb. hflf ifi jvst dkdb
sofib j'sv sbb. dj sj pdl ifsiv sthfn idvLfb j'sv sbq, (ifisj
dbsuv zHAfn hfdbsq sbq), kfrst iakfiwftD iaHc mb vfofdhk rb, pfv
Ist zfjfw-ixdKhD nQjcdyk rsq pfq. nckvfQ k]fv sn vfo W sfL dbsuv
iv sj sbsh?
kcdm Hfstfhfnfv hAfifsv pf zfmfsj hstY, kf pdk dmKAf rq, kfrst zfdm
skfmfsj sn dlsbv HDdk ialwGb jvdY,
L L&M () {A:D% , h* .( 3
, .[&oU(( () A\D% . h* N ( 0 .[&oU( (&% )( }
sndlb zfjfw rsh odtk Lfkcv mskf hQ ihGknmCr rsh vDb iwsmv
mskf. (mfzf'dvu } 8-9)
spdlb njt ufdk sn mrf iakfiwftD hflwfv dbje r]fec sosV idk
rsh.
zfv pdl skfmfv Hfstfhfnfv jKf nkA rq, kfrst zfdm skfmfsj hAfdLoa
rlqnmCsrv dydj{nsjv jKf hst dl. kcdm k]fv iadk nkAkfv nfsK vuc
jv. dkdb rstb vct zftfmDb. zfdm skf k]fv jKf msb jdv,
^ p, v( * (c , Z
( %:", ( , , 1 , "( ( , , h* 4A P
, (( ( * .7&[ [q ,AB ,=?* A &( % )( %cK. L% ,8 * } (
() {....x`( !, >,q )( . 1 ( () L. . n > ,py
% U. "( (A:. % *W (=* a, 5
( .c* % )( () .) * .
146
Wslvsj zfn dlb nisjG nkjG jsv lfW, pJb lc}sJ-js Wslv rlq
jfok rsh. nDmftQObjfvDslv ubA zv sjfb hc sb hQ mb sjfb
ncifdvwjfvDW sb, pfv ncifdvw oafrA jvf rsh. y[cv syfvf yfrdb W zsv
pf sofib zfsY, sn ns dkdb zhdrk. zffr ndEjHfsh Ifqnftf
jvshb. (mc'dmb } 18-20)
nckvfQ k]fv ifjVfW sKsj h]fyfv iK sjfKfq?'
zk}iv lc-jdlb iv smsqde zfhfv kfv isK l]fdVsq sot. pchjde kfsj
t[A jvst Ocsv spsk lAk rt. smsqde htt, ` swfsbf! kcdm Ocsv spsqf
bf. zfusjv iv zfdm zfv skfmfv nfsK nf[f{ jvfv syf jvh bf.'
zk}iv sn Fcjsv sj]sl sE htt, `zfdm sn zffrv jfsY lczf jdv,
p]fv rfsk rlqnmCsrv yfdhjfdE zfsY, dkdb spb zfmfv mbsj w jsvb.
kcdm nhswsN zfmfsj jde islw lfW, zfdm dyvdlb kf iftb jvh.'
pchj htt, `zfdm skfmfsj msbv lfnk sKsj lCsv Kfjfv islw dldY.
zfv mvB jdvsq dldY mrfb zffrv hfBD,
z ( "n $\P
(*
( q . , , ?, %c[o.( % )( c0 g. LA D( 0 !, c._Z
% 4( P
( "( .c* % )( (A\% 1 !, c[h ?1 &( _()( ,81 (& K. } (
R L&M () {( ( [&% U( %c_. [h ( !, c[oY.x(). 0cg. %c[o. P
, 4% "( , % * AB 0cg.
dkdb vfd jfst skfmfslv (mxkAc vi) ncNdc zfbqb jsvb hQ dlhsn
skfmvf pf djYc jsv Kfj, kf dkdb ufsbb. zk}iv dlhsn skfmfslvsj dkdb
icbvfq ufodvk jsvb, pfsk dbLGfdvk jft iCBG rq. zk}iv kf]v dlsj
skfmfslv iakAfhkGb, zbv skfmvf pf jv, sn ns skfmfslvsj dkdb
zhdrk jvshb. (bXm } 60)g
islw dbsq smsqde dhlfq dbt. spsk spsk sn htt, ` (siasmv) hAfifsv
zfdm zhwA stZrhmG idvLfb jvh. zfv lcdbqfv ncJsHfsov dlsj zfjx rh
bf.'
zk}iv sn smsq (zdk iasqfub YfVf) Ov sYsV shv rskf bf. mrfb
zffrv hflsk mb zfh vfJk. sjfb nmq msb lchGtkf zbcHh jvst
sn dydE dbsq syfsJ tfofk hQ sn siam W kfv Ist nxd rWqf bfbf jcdyf
W j sKsj zfwaq iafKGbf j'sv zffrv jfsY lczf jvk. (} zdmbft d mf
jfkft 15ix})
siasmv ufst zfh mcndtm kvB-kvBD! sHsh slsJY dj, skfmfslv

nxdjkGf skfmfslvsj nlf-nhGlf slJsYb hQ skfmfslv msbv jKf ufbsYb?
dkdb nfvf dhswv njt Jhv vfsJb. mfbcN pf jsv, sp jibf W idvjibf
147
jsv, kfW dkdb ufsbb.

=!&_ L&M () {,7&. ~. . 1 ( ( w 0 ( *%cK. &(3
% ( (%cK. 40 M, .c* % )( ( w 0& *. * % )( %c* * }
kfvf dj ufbk bf sp, zffr kfslv msbv oc jKf hQ sofib ivfmwG
zhok zfsYb? hQ dbyq zffr zlxwA dhNsq mrffbD? (kfWhfr } 78)
4? L&M () {L. . n > ,py
% U. "( (A:. % *W (=* a, 5
( .c* % )( }
y[cv syfvf yfrdb W zsv pf sofib zfsY, sn ns dkdb zhdrk.
(mc'dmb } 19)
klXnsW dkdb mfbcsNv nlf-nD drnfsh dIdvwkf dbpc svsJsYb. k]fvf

nhdjYc svjFG jvsYb, dHdFW jvsYb.
945O ( ) {(&._.o )( %cDA )% ( * ([ M. L. (! * (c.K&(3
% ( (%cK. 40 M, .^( % ( * 0* (&.( % )( %} *
Wvf dj msb jsv sp, zfdm Wslv sofib dhNq W sofib ivfmswGv Jhv
vfdJ bf? zhwA (vfdJ). zfmfv lCkoB skf Wslv jfsY sKsj nh dtdih
jsv. (pcJvI } 80)
() {( ( [&p U( "( (&. * % )( () ( , U, h* "(4h, () ( , ?, ( * %c[o% * ( 0AB} (
zhwA skfmfslv iv (dbpc zfsY) nQv[joB; nmfdbk (zfmt)
stJjhoG (dIdvf); kfvf ufsb, pf skfmvf j'sv Kfj. (bdIkfv } 10-12)
, ')AL&( A\'% Z
( %:'," , '% * AB .74( '* .:'% ( (. . p ( , !, .&A M% &( U. "( .c* % ( ( ( (% Aj( q * 5
( % q* * } (
, '%)( * 1mAB &% '* %:'," [',p )( '(" () $ , * A ( Ex %:( (A , ( %:( A ( q; * _(. q1 * _()( %AB ()
() {$ _, ( $k , L(
zhwA zfdm mfbcNsj nxd jsvdY hQ kfv mb kfsj sp jcmBf slq, kf
zfdm ufdb. zfdm kfv OfsV zhdk LmbD zsi[fW dbjekv. pJb lc
nQoafrj (dIdvf kfv jmG) nQoar (dtdih) jsv (pfvf kfv) Ffsb W hfsm
hsn zfsY. mfbcN sp jKf yfvB jsv (kf dtdih jvfv ubA) k{iv
iarvD kfv dbjse vsqsY. (jfI } 16-18)
zfv kf jdlb slJfsbf rsh, swfbfsbf rsh. swN dhyfsvv dlb. dhyfv rsh
sndlb. mrfb zffr hstsYb,
%:"( ( () V(4)( 4% 5
( X L0 ( ( q* % ", %\( % )( %:( ?* () %cD. * ( % * %4( . , U _(v% * . 0 L. . % )( X8Y, "( &% )( }
() {V(4)( 4] v( X L0 ( ( q* % ", %\( % )(
sndlb mfbcN dH dH lst shv rsh, pfsk kfslvsj kfslv jxkjmG
slJfsbf rq. nckvfQ sj zBc idvmfB Hfstf jfu jvst, sn kf slJsk ifsh
148
hQ sj zBc idvmfB ml jfu jvst, kfW sn slJsk ifsh. (dptpft } 6-8)

sndlb iaskAj nialfqsj kfv zfmtbfmf slJsk zfrhfb jvf rsh hQ
htf rsh, `skfmvf pf jvsk, zfu skfmfslvsj kfv iadkIt slWqf rsh.'
mrfdhyfvj htshb,
= g d L&M () {( ( [&% U( %c_. [h "( ., _(% ( 0[h 0AB x`( !, c[o% * ( .`, )( (!. _(h, (8K( }
zfmfv (dbje nQvd[k) zfmtbfmf, pf skfmfslv hAfifsv nkA jKf
htsh. skfmvf pf jvsk, dbyq zfdm kf dtdih jvfkfm. (ufdNqfr } 29)
sofib siadmj-siadmjf W Dblfv pchj-pchkD hcvf zfmfv! skfmfslv
zShL siasmv njt zfyvB lcdbqfsk sofib KfjstW djqfmsk kf iajfw rsq
pfsh. DbD idvshswv zfVfst dlsbv shtfq smffdodv W vfskv shtfq jtf
ycdv jvfv jKf nmfsu sofib sKsj sostW sndlb sofib Kfjsh bf. zfv kfv
Ist skfmfslv njt zfmtW i rsq spsk ifsv. mrfbhD hstsYb,
[ (' D[ ( 3
% ( ?* *='(" D( U, A( P
, A ("% * X (( ( !, ,="( ( q, &( % )( (&.UW)( >,_"0 [ %:", " ( * &(:0 p, [R))
((L&.% "( N (K(
zfdm db}nslsr zfmfv mskv jsqj lt stfjsj dydb pfvf djqfmskv
dlb dkrfmf (mf W qfmfsbv mLAhkDG j dhwft tf swaBDh) ihGkmftfv
nmidvmfB dh sbjD dbsq idk rsh; dj zffr kfslv sn nm
sbjDsj V LCdtjBfsk idvBk jsv slshb.
NWhfb htstb, `sr zffrv vnCt! sn stfsjvf sjmb rsh kf zfmfslv
ubA Jcst htcb W kfslv dtqf hBGbf jvb, pfsk zfmvf zfmfslv zufs
kfslv ltHc bf rsq idV.' zffrv vnCt htstb,
.(( K( &[oD( _(% , ALA ( ( !, %&* 5
( (AB $ * &(%cD. 0o, * ( %c[o, &(5
% AB %:", %cD. 0AB "( * ))
swfb! kfvf skfmfslv Hf hQ skfmfslv nialfqHc rsh. skfmvf
spmb vfd ufovB j'sv hflk jv, skmdb kfvfW jvsh. dj pJb kfvf
zffrv dbdN h dbsq stfjy[cv zvfst Kfjsh, kJb kf zmfbA W
tQOb jvsh. (hsb mfufr 4245, kfhfvfbDv zfWnfk 4232, nfoDv 662 bQ)
skfmvf dj LfvBf jv sp, dkdb djYc jvsk mfbcNsj zfslw zKhf dbsNL
jvstb, zk}iv dkdb zfv Jhv sbb bf hQ slsJb bf sp, mfbcN kf iftb
jvsY dj bf? zlxwAHfsh dj zffrv Hq rq bf? kfrst zffr zfsYb,
dhwfn dj sb?
pfslv hcsj mfb zfsY, kfslv zhwA Hq rq. Hq rq ifi-isK if
149
hfVfsk. msb ifidyf rstW sn Hq kfslvsj ifi jvsk hfLf ialfb jsv.
jlf dkDq JtDIf mfv
vfs ert dldYstb. oHDv vfs vffv
ifwGhkGD hfdV sKsj j mdrtfv j sKsj bXbX ws ofb sHsn t,
m ^ 3 m L P &M \ 8K U
&P 4)4 8K :" }p V N>v m m& ?&
U h 4K p) m
p W! \h&" L E5 o
h4" U ! > 4hB ) N !> L =?

zKGf{, vfk tf rsq pfq hQ kfv nhef jfstf zjfv! zfv zfmfv
mb lcvhf sp, zfmfv wqb-nfKD sb, pfv nfsK zfdm sJtf jvh.
zffrv jnm! zbA djYc bq, pdl zffr (HDdk) bf Kfjk, kfrst
iftsv yfdvdlj zfslfdtk rk.
dj zfdm Hq jdv sn ipGsh[j (dIdvfsj dpdb zfmfslv jmGfjmG
dtdih jvfv ubA) Hfviaf hQ sp stJj zfslZ zftnA, wdKtA W
jfdshfL jsvb bf.
zfmfv iadkiftsjv Hq, tfwDtkf W zfmfv fmDv mpGflf zfmfsj hfLf
dlsY, pfsk kfv nWqfvD (D) zbA sj hAhrfv bf jsv.
mfv Jhv dbsq ufbstb, kfv fmD zfsY durfsl. kfv zffr-HDdkv jKf
sb dkdb kfv fmDsj jfsY ifWqfv hAhf jvstb.
jfsY sj bf Kfjcj, isv zffr zfsYb. sj bf slJcj, zffr slJsYb.
dkdb nlf-nhGlf ufoak. dkdb dyvDh, k]fsj kf W dbf iwG jsv bf. k]fv lxd
sKsj dVsq spsk ifsv sj? jfstf zjfv vfsk jfstf ifKsvv dHksv
[cfdk[c jfstf di]isVW kfv lxd Vfsk ifsv bf. mrfb zffr hstb,
%AB &.D'.v %c[o%'*( '0[h 1mAB \'( ( %:'," ( ([&% U( *m (4% [ :," . %", &[_%U( "( (Wv( >,? .[&oU( "( } (
*+',( :'," 4( ~( '% * *m (N ( 0 ' > ,? *m (AL% *R> ,? XL0 ( A q* %"x :," *+!xL0 :( 7
. O. % )( "( (, ?, (&. p,U.
&) L&M () { ,"n X7 _(h, >,? 1mAB 4( (h * m(

zKGf{, kcdm sp zhfsk Kfj bf sjb, sp zhfsk kcdm jcvzfb rsk pf
djYc ifE jv bf sjb hQ skfmvf sp jfu jv bf sjb, pJb skfmvf sn jfu
jvsk wcv jv, kJb zfdm skfmfslv idvlwGj r; zfjfwmtD W ixdKhDv
LCdtjBf idvmfBW sjfb h skfmfv iadkiftsjv (fsbv) zsofyv bq hQ kf
rsk [clk
a v zKhf kf rsk hxrv sjfb djYc sb, pf nci oas (tfWsr
150
mfrXIsc p dtdih) sb. (nCvf bcn 61 zfqfk)

zfvhD jdh hstsYb,
k 'L > \ :o &' 5 \qU ? "&) 4'K & 5 " B
k '~)
'p '" m = M \ 'p~) ' m
zKGf{, pdl sjfb nmq kcdm jfdjk zhtb jv, kfrst hstf bf sp,
zfdm dbuGsb jf zfdY. hvQ ht, `zfmfv iv ipGsh[j zfsYb.' kcdm
LfvBf jsvf bf sp, pf Ose sosY sn ns zffr shJhv zfsYb. zfv W
LfvBf jsvf bf sp, sofib dudbn k]fv zsofyv Kfsj. nckvfQ sofisb jvst
zffr slsJb bf. kf mfbcsNv y[csj I]fdj dlsq dbuGsb sofib siasmv h]fdw
hfdusq pfW. mfbcNsj sofib jvf, zKy pfv djYc sofib Kfsj bf, kfsj
sofib jv bf. sjfbX hcd skfmfslv?
mrfb zffr j swaBDv dJqfbkjfvD nisjG hstb,
([&py
% _(% '() ' g,* '0&5
( ( h* :(" nk, ). *m * 0AB %cD. ( [p * (&. _(y
% )( (:),81 A:( %, 3
( U. *m} (
'( !, [ *' ( h (A&% '*q( :'," '(4% )( *m '(" ('&._x(). %AB %cD. ( "( &( K. ( (:", ([&py
% _(% )( *m (A 0 ( :",
{ , ". ( ([&% )(
zKGf{, zfv kcdm kfslv is[ jKf ht bf pfvf dbsuslv iadk dhhfnOfkjkf
jsv. dbyq zffr dhhfnOfkj ifdisj Hfthfsnb bf. vf mfbcNsj tf
jsv (mfbcsNv lxd sKsj sofibDqkf zhtb jsv), dj zffrsj tf jsv bf
(k]fv lxd sKsj sofibDqkf zhtb jvsk ifsv bf) zKy dkdb kfslv ns
Kfsjb pJb vfs kfvf k]fv (zffrv) ziYlbDq jKf dbsq ivfmwG jsv. zfv
kfvf pf jsv kf nhGskfHfsh zffrv fbfqs. (nCvf dbnf 107-108 zfqfk)
skfmvf rqskf sb Kfjsh jde nkA jfdrbD. hfbD nvfstv pcso dkb
hAd jlf nIsv shv rt. ytsk ytsk vfk sn sot. nckvfQ kfvf vfk
jfefsbfv ubA jde ihGk-rfq iashw jvt. zi[B isv jef hV
ifKv iv sKsj odVsq bDsy sn rfv mcJ h jsv dlt. slsJ kfvf
htt sp, `srb dhil sKsj hf]yfv jmf ifq rsY sp, skfmvf
skfmfslv sbj zfmtnmCrsj znDtf hfdbsq zffrv jfsY lczf jv.' nckvfQ
kfvf zfmstv znDtfq (zffrv jfsY) lczf jvsk tfot. kfslv msLA
jub dikfmfkfv snhfv jKf W zbA jub zfmfbk v[f kKf
lfbwDtkfv jKf sJ jvt.
dj zfv jub kfv lczfq sJ jvt, sr zffr! zfmfv jde
151
yfyfskf shfb dYt. sn zfmfv dbje njt mfbcsNv sysq diaqkmf dYt. (zbA
hBGbf zbcpfqD) zfdm kfsj k shwD Hfthfnkfm, pk shwD Hfthfnf icvNvf
bfvDslvsj hfnsk ifsv. jhfv zfdm kfv ns spZb dmtb jvfv Yf
jvtfm. dj sn zDjfv jvt. idvswsN sn pJb j lcdHGs[v jhst
iVt, kJb sn zfmfv jfsY t. zfdm kfsj wskG 120 dlbfv (BGmlc fa )
dltfm, spb sn zfmfv ns spZb-dmtb jsv. nckvfQ sn (zHfshv kfVbfq)
vfuD rsq sot. zk}iv pJb zfdm kfsj zfqs sitfm. (zbA hBGbf
zbcpfqD) pJb zfdm kfv lc'ifsqv mfsU hntfm, kJb sn htt, kcdm
zffrsj Hq jv hQ zShLHfsh (dhbf dhhfsr) zfmfv nkDYl b jsvf
bf. nckvfQ zfdm kfv jfY sKsj lCsv nsv sotfm; pdlW sn zfmfv jf
diaqkmf dYt hQ sp BGmlc fa zfdm kfsj dlsqdYtfm kfW idvkAfo jvtfm.
sr zffr! pdl zfdm jfu skfmfv ndv ubA jsv Kfdj, kfrst kcdm
zfmfslv iv idkk mcnDhksj lCvDHCk jv.
v Ist ifKv niCBG nsv sot hQ njst (rf sKsj) shv rsq ytsk
tfot. (hcJfvD 2272 bQ mcndtm 2743 bQ)
mrfb zffrv mvsB k]fsj Hq jvfv mfrfkA skfmvfW zuGb jvsk ifv
zbcvi siam W iaBq-Odek bfbf ififyvB huGb jvfv mfLAsm. zffr
skfmfslvsj kWIDj dlb.
2. mrfb zffrv Hfstfhfnfsj iafLfbA lfW
siadmj-siadmjf mcndtm hc zfmfv! skfmvf pdl mcndtm rW, kfrst dbyq
zffrsj Hfstffnsh hQ efW yfsh sp, dkdb skfmfslvsj Hfstfhfncb.
kfrst zbA sj hf djYcv Hfstfhfnfv isv k]fv Hfstfhfnfsj iafLfbA dlsk
rsh.
skfmvf pdl mcndtm rsq Kfsjf, kfrst dbyq mfsbv dmkf sisk
yfsh. zfv kf yfst jD jvsk rsh swfsbf. mrfbhD hstsYb,
'0 ", , '% * AB 0kZ
( . [ &.ML( [&( [ (o)( % : A i
( j ( * Z
( 0:DA !, ( P
( (, ?, 0:[h :% "( $f g( ))
.V(8q* % % ( % !( 4A p [o S (&. )( %( V4( o )( % ( * , 1mB . n, ). m* (N4% * ] k, ). % ( ( K. &(M(
.(( LA 0 S (9(8q ). % .V4( o )( ( h* . % ",

pfv msLA dkbde B Kfsj, sn mfsbv dmkf tfH j'sv Kfsj. zffr W
kf]v vnCt kfv jfsY zbA nh djYc sKsj zdLj diaq rsh; jfsj Hfstfhfnst
sjht zffr'v ubA Hfthfnsh. zfv jcIvX D sKsj kfsj zffrv h]fyfsbfv
152
iv icbvfq kfsk dIsv pfWqfsj mb ziYl jvsh, spmb sn dbsusj

zfsb dbd[ jvfsj ziYl jsv. (hcJfvD 16, mcndtm 174bQ)
kfrst sjb siadmsjv Hfstfhfnf iafLfbA ifq skfmfslv jfsY? sjb
zffrv mvB zsi[f kfv mvB shdw rq rq skfmfslv rlq-msb? sjb
kfsj skfmfslv wqsb-isb-dbdw ufovsB nlf-nhGlf mvB jv? sjb kfv
Ydh dbsq mCdkGiu
C jslv mskf iCuf jv?
mbdj bfmfspW? sp bfmfp mrfb iadkiftsjv dhswN dpjXv, sn bfmfspW
siadmsjv jKf mvsB zfsn. bfmfp iVsk iVskW kfv mcsJv Ydh
skfmfslv mfbnise sHsn WsE. zfv kfv mvsB mb dbvk rst bfmfsp Hct
rsq pfq. iafq bfmfsp n-dnulf dlsk rq. sjb nhdjYc? sjb kfsj
skfmvf skfmfslv rlsqv zfnsb zfnDb jv?
sn dj skfmfsj nxd jsvsY? sn skfmfslvsj mb jD dlsqsY sp, nafv
dpjXvW dhnxk jsv? sjfbX jfvsB skfmvf nxdjkGfv mvB zsi[f kfv
mvB shdw jv? sn dj skfmfslvsj spZhsbv sbqfmk lfb jsvsY? sn dj
skfmfslvsj Hfstfhfnfv mskf rlq lfb jsvsY?
kfrst sjb? susb svsJf, mrfb zffrv ipc NGf zfsY, spmb mfbcsNv
NGf zfsY dbsuv mskf. jusbv bcb sJsq zbA usbv B ofst idvBfm
jD rq, dbyq kf skfmfslv zufbf bq.
3. zffrv dpjXsvv mudtsn WEfhnf jv
msb rq, zffrv dpjXv hfl dlsq skfmfslv Jb siasmv icksc tv dpjXv shdw
rq. zfv kfv mfsb sn zffrv dpjXv sKsj skfmfslv mbsj ndvsq sbq. zfv
kfrst kfv Hqfbj idvBdk sJqft jv. mrfb zffr hstsYb,
945O L&M () {$:)A4* . * &( D. ?* * %v( . * %}xq* . A:( Z
% 40 4A h , :( .% )( :("} (
sp hAd ivm lqfmq zffrv mvsB lfnDb rq, dkdb kfv ubA j
wqkfbsj dbsqfduk jsvb, zk}iv sn rq kfv nryv. (pcJvI } 36)
' () { ( % * ,="( (q, & ( % )( .V4. E. % ( (o
( =E( , "( . * 0A?* A4h , :( (4( % * %:"( } (
sp zfmfv nvB sKsj dhmcJ rsh, zhwA kfv rsh nQjDBGkfmq uDhb hQ
zfdm kfsj djqfmskv dlb z zhfq dk jvh. (kf-rf } 124)
htf hftA, wqkfb skfmfslv nfKD rsh hQ nQjDBGkfmq uDhb skfmfslv
zdk j'sv kctsh. i[fsv siam W siadmsjv dpjXv Hcst pdl mrfb zffrv
dpjXv jv, kfrst rlsq iawfd ifsh. dkdb hstsYb,
153
{.7&[[q n:Y, ( U( , 4A h ,8!, *m* , 4A h ,8!, c.D!.&[[ n:Y, ( U(& (."( (:),81}
zKGf{, pfvf dhwfn jsvsY hQ zffrv nvsB pfslv rlq iawf rq. susb
vfJ, zffrv nvsB rlq iawf rq. (nCvf vf'l 28 zfqfk)
r]Af, dpjXv zffrv jvsh k]fv hflk W zfbcoskAv mfLAsm, msb W mcsJ.
dpjXsvv mudtsn hnsh, mfsb tXmD mudtsn hnsh. spJfsb Dsbv jKf
zfstfybf rq, snJfsb hnsh. DbD h-icj
iVsh, DbD zfstfybf bsh.
zhwA ifotf msb wfd zfnsh. zfv sbY skf, zfpfsbv w sb wqkfb
iflsk-iflsk iftfq.
dbqdmk zKG-nr jcvzfb iVsh, kfrst siasmv Hck ifdtsq pfsh.
4. y[c nQpk jv
siasm isVY kcdm? kfv Ydh slJf h jv, pfv Ifsbv zfb-tfof vi
slsJ skfmfv siasmv zfb dB rsq ust WsE. h jv yAfsbtstfsk
siasmv bfbf Ydh slJf. jfvB skW vsqsY zfsb dO Tftfv hAhf.
hfdVsk mf-shfb-Hfslv nfsK j snfIfsk hsn dedHv ilGfq siam
dbshlb slJY! siamftfi bY! HfhY jf slJfv sKsj zsbj Hfstf. dj
skfmfv tf-wvm sjfKfq sot? h jv dndvqft slJf. h jv siasmv
zdHbq slJf. sk Ofsq mtm isV bf, hvQ isV mdvy-h]fef. kcdm rqskf
bfdqjfsj skfmfv siadmjf jibf jvsh. bfqjsj skfmfv siasmv slhkf fb
jvsh. kfrst ifvsh bf sn ut rsk shv rsk, spJfb rsk hfO-Hcsjv
Hsq itfqb jvsk yfY.
mfbcN W kfv Ydh dj j rq? hfh W jibf dj jfjfv? jibf uosk
dhyvB j'sv sjb dbsusj l jvY? hfsh dIsv snf. fHfdhj uDhsb
dIsv snf. wfd W d ifsh.
pfv siam skfmfv mbsj ifot jsvsY, sn pdl nfmsbW sn isV, khcW
slJsh bf kfv dlsj mcJ kcst. kfv sjfb Ydh Kfjst zKhf skfmfslv sjfb
spZK sntID Kfjst kf b j'sv sIt. pfsj kcdm ifsh bf, ifWqf nh bq,
kfv Ydh Lsv svsJ mbsj j dlsq tfH jD?
dbuGsbW slsJf bf kfv Ydh. zbA jfsvf spZb dbshlbmCtj Ydh, zwDt
dHdFW W iBGofa ID.
mcd sisk yfst skfmfv mrfb iadkiftsjv dbslGw smsb bfW. dkdb
hstsYb,
154
'( !,
$ , '(5 * 0AB %cD. * h* % * *+, (%cD. P
( .4[? [&p* % )( (%cK, LA ( !% * %:", &n~. )( ( , ", % . ; \[}
{0:D. P
( .4[? (: p* % )( (0:K, LA ( !% * %:", (:
%
. ~% )( , (", % . ; \[&( * (. (% )(
mc'dmb icvNslvsj ht, kfvf spb kfslv lxdsj nQpk vfsJ (buv U]dc jsq
yst) hQ kfslv spZbfsj nfhLfsb nQpk vfsJ; de kfslv ubA m. Wvf
pf jsv, dbyq zffr sn dhNsq zhdrk. zfv mc'dmb bfvDslvsj ht, kfvfW spb
dbsuslv lxdsj nQpk vfsJ W tffb nQv[f jsv---. (bCv } 30-31)
sp dudbn slJst msb kcIfb skfst, sn dudbn bf slsJ kcIfb h jvf dj
fbDv jfu bq hc?
5. LpGLfvB jv
siasm isV j ifsh, pdl siam nkA rq. sn js kcdm LpGLfvB jv. sp
siam skfmfv nIt rsh bf, sn siasmv iadkmfv diYsb sjb jsHfo jvsh?
nhcv jv, nhcsv smWqf Ist. rqskf v dhdbmsq kcdm mrfb iaHvc
Hfstfhfnf tfH jvsh. syf jvst ifvsh LpG Lvsk W idh Kfjsk.
mrfbhD hstsYb,
'(" (. [ .V4% x( '.) 4% 0( '(_)( %:'(" ( [ , ', ~% ). A:~% _(% '() %:'(" ( [ . p, ). %up, % _(% )( %:"( )) (
.((4% 0 ( :", (^M( % (4% 5

( N * ( $ Z
( * (>, % [
sp hAd idh Kfjfv syf jvsh, zffr kfsj idh vfJshb. zfv sp
hAd (yfWqf sKsj) zmcJfsid[kf zhtb jvsh, zffr kfsj zmcJfsi[D
jvshb. sp hAd LpG LfvB jvfv syf jvsh zffr, kfsj LpG LfvsBv
[mkf ialfb jvshb. zfv sjfb hAdsj mb sjfb lfb slWqf rqdb, pf SLpG
zsi[f m W dhv rsk ifsv. (hcJfvD 1469, 6470, mcndtm 2471bQ)
rA]f, siam rsq pfWqfv iv pdl sj zffrv Wqfs nhv jsv hQ siadmjfv
iadk lxjXifk bf jsv W kfv nfsK jKf htfv syfW bf jsv; hvQ mrfb
zffrv Hsq idhkf hufq vfsJ hQ kfv dbjehkGD rWqfvW syf bf jsv.
zKy Yf jvst sn nh djYc zbfqfsn jvsk ifsv. dj kf nsW sn
kfv msbv njt zfwf-zfjf[fsj sofisb lmb j'sv vfsJ hQ zffrv
siam, Hq W ndsj nshv iv zoafdLjfv lfb jsv, kfrst sn zffr
kfzftfv iadkwadkv zfWkfHc rWqfv zfwf vfJsk ifsv, sp
iadkwadkv jKf dkdb jcvzfb mfuDsl dlsqsYb,
() {(W( >( K, *=03
( 0A?* () (&D( A:( (p 0 D( ( (, !xL( ( q* "( (9 5
( %:"( "0 * } (
155
sp Dq iadkiftsjv nmcsJ idk rWqfv Hq vfsJ hQ sJqft-JcwD

rsk mbsj dhvk vfsJ, zhwA uffk rsh kfv zfwaqt. (nCvf bfdpzfk
40-41 zfqfk)
:4 L&M () {A(_ 0P
( , !xL( ( q* "( (9 5
( %:( ,} (
zfv sp hAd kfv iadkiftsjv nfmsb lfqmfb rsk rsh--- Hq
vfsJ (hQ sn Hsq njt ifi-idtkf huGb jsv) kfv ubA vsqsY lc'de
shsrX. (nCvf vfrmfb 46 zfqfk)
nckvfQ ivjfst ifWqfv zfwfq rjfst LpG Lv. mbsj ifKsvv mskf
w jv. bsy{ isv mskf jvst ifEA, wafhA W lxwA njt iajfv if
sKsj skfmfv mb zShL siasmv ifdb swfNB jvsk Kfjsh.
6. nhGswa durfl jv
zShL siasm pJb isVY, kJb susb svsJf, siam hV wdwftD. nckvfQ
iad k bfW, kfv dhvs durfl jvsk rsh. bsy{ kcdm kfv rfsk ivfduk W
ivfLDb Kfjsh.
zShL iaBq W kfv bfbf jmGjf zfnst msbv jfmbf, hfnbf W jciha dx
sKsj nxd rq. zfv jciha dx v zfbcokA rt nhGbfwD.
mrfbhD hstsYb,
.(( , p (!, ,N4 .7 3
( % AB ($^(_0"$ & K( ($" * . E. ?* . o* ,D% . " 0 * )) (
---zfv LQnjfvD jmGfhtD rt; mb jxiBkf pfv zbcnvB jvf rq, mb
iahdx pfv zfbcokA jvf rq hQ mfbcsNv zfkmckf. (hfpXpfv 6491,
hfrfjD iamcJ, nrDr kfvoDh 53bQ)
siamsvfsov nhsysq hV zhAKG W zfnt NL rt SLpG W msbv lxPnQjikf hQ ncivc sNv mskf msbv dvkf. Yf ifjf Kfjst ifsqv iK
hV nru. msbv dhvs durfl jvsk ifvst siamsvfo lmb jvf zdk nru.
ksh kf jdEb. zfv jdEb hst sn durfl nhGswa durfl. mrfbhD
hstsYb,
.((V&K p \P4 K Dd)) ?\
Dq mb W jciha dx v dhvs durfl rt mfbcsNv nhGswa durfl. (hsb
bffv, n} ufsm' 1019bQ)
siadmj hc zfmfv! kcdm rqskf HfhskW ifv sp, skfmfv siam idh.
dj susb svsJf sp, mfbcsNv mb hV mliahB. jKf (j msk) ncI
156
bhD
Djfv j'sv hstsYb,
() {$c Z
, L0 L$ &[p* >x!L( 0AB (>!xL( (cZ
, L( "( 1mAB ,N&n !, t L( "0 *R (p 0 0AB >, p ( .4x !([ "( } (
zfdm dbsusj dbslGfN msb jdv bf, mfbcsNv mb zhwA mljmG iahB, dj
sn bq pfv iadk zfmfv iadkiftj lqf jsvb. dbyq zfmfv iadkiftj zdk
[mfwDt, ivm lqftc. (ncI } 53)
spef jvsk dbdN, snef jsv spb mfbcsNv zfbl shwD. zfv spef dbsq
mfbcN zfbsl m W lfn rsk ifsv, snef Dsb dbdN. dbdN hv iadk
zbcvfo, zfjNGB W sjZkcrt mfbcsNv iajdx kok B. htf hftA, Jfsb
Kfsj nxdjkGfv zfbcoskAv zfnt ivD[f.
sp hsqv iv stJf Kfsj, `ziafhqslv ubA iVf dbsNL' sn hef
ziafhqvf zfso iVfv syf jsv. bsy{ spb, wfd ifq bf, d ifq bf.
zdLjfQw mfbcsNv msbv iahBkf dEj ifotfv mk; pJb ifotfsj htf rt,
ìfotf n]fsjf bfdVnX sb!' ifotf htt, `msb dYt bf, Hfstf, msb jsv
dldt.' zfv hst sn zLGHo h]fswv n]fsjf sbsV sHs sItt.
mb Ose Kfsj. pfv pfsk zfbl, kfsj sn jfu jvsk dbsNL jvst
zsbj nmq kfv sn iahdx zdLjkv iaht rsq WsE. iv pfv sp jfsu
iahdx , kfsj sn jfsu dbsNL jvsk dosq slJf pfq sp, kfv sn iahdx suso
sEsY, pf sn Hcst dYt.
zfwf jdv sp, kcdm sn iajdx kv bW. jfvB, skfmfsj msb vfJsk rsh sp,
shsrsv iK hV j]fefmq hQ slfpsJv iK hV zfblmq. (hcJfvD, mcndtm,
zfrmfl, dkvdmpD, nrDt ufsm' 3126, 3147 bQ) zfv sn zfbslv dj sjfb
mCtA zfsY, pfv iyfsk zsi[f jsv lc}J W j?
dj msbv iv skfmfv pdl dbqB bf Kfsj, kfrst nhGbfw! iv
zfjf[fv Lb pk lctGH rq, msbv zfjf[f kk hfsV. zfv sHfo spmb
srfj, kfv jef kDha sbwf zfsY. jif db}swN jsv zdhts zfv j
ifsv dlsj rfk hfVfsk Yf rq. mliahB mb pk sHfo jsv, kfv sHfsov
hfnbf kk shsV yst. kcdm pdl jfvsbv nmfb Lb-mft ifW, sIvfsbv
mk ncfA W slr ifW hQ nhGij
a fv vMX, vi W tfhsBAv lw rfufv dspZhbf nclvD pchkD wpAf-ndbDvsi ifW, khcW kcdm dj msb jv sp, sk
skfmfv mb-ufb Hvsh? j[sbf bf. zShL isK hofrDb msbv iahdx W
iahBkf rt mdb. i[fsv rftft isKv jde bfvD skfmfv ubA psK
rsh. msbv njt yfdrlf kfv mfsU dmse pfsh; pdl skfmfv dbqsB Kfsj
ksh. bsy{ zShL iaBq W jfmbfv uftf skfmfv mbsj sjfbdlb wfd dlsk
157
ifvsh bf.
`jdrsh bf jKf kcdm! zfu msb rq,

siam nkA dyvb, siasmv if sn hcdU dyvb bq.
um pfv jfmbfv hDsu
jfmbfv mfsU sn sp shsV pfq jikv dbsu.
dlsj dlsj ifJf kfv jsv zdHpfb,
W sp wcdNqf sbsh zfjfswv pk hfqc iafB.
zfjfw sTsjsY kfv ifJf
jfmbfv nhcu htfjf!
siam nkA, siam-if h zoBb,
kf -yf, hcsj if, khc sjb sj]sl WsE mb.'
zhwA jciha dx W jfmbfv diYsb cjfvD vsqsY zfsvf jub. sn
nfsK Kfsj zKy kfv jKfW sev ifWqf nru bq. sn rt mfbcsNv zfdl W
dyvw wqkfb. nckvfQ msbv sJqft-JcwDsj dbqsB svsJ lxP-nQji rW
sp, kcdm wqkfbD jcmBfq nfq slsh bf. wqkfb rt skfmfv iaLfb w
hQ iaBsqv iaLfb lCk. kf kfv dhvsW durfl jvsk rsh. zfv kfv
zfbcokA skf jvf pfsh bf.
mrfb iadkiftsjv dbslGw swfsbf,
4. ". W)( . 0A?* A * % E0 ,[&(5
. %^, _0)( :(" (A * % E0 ,[&(5
. &. , _0U( * &."( (:),81 D( )n* )( }
( '1 0:',o* *!(' (X '(Z* %:'x" c[o ", h* (" (. _.( Z
% L( (%c[o% * ( , 1 .\
% ?* * &% * (4A o* . (N E( % p* !,
L&'' L&M () {$c ,( $^ , M( . 1 (N E( )( :(" >;hO( ).

sr dhhfdnoB! skfmvf wqkfsbv ilf zbcnvB jsvf bf. sj wqkfsbv
ilf zbcnvB jvst wqkfb skf zwDtkf W ml jfsuv dbslGw slq.
zffrv zbcora W lqf bf Kfjst, skfmfslv sj jJbW idh rsk ifvk
bf, ksh zffr pfsj Yf idh j'sv Kfsjb. zfv zffr nhGswafkf, nhG.
(bCv } 21)
zkh LspGv nfsK mb W wqkfsbv dhvs durfl jv hQ kfv zdb

sKsj zffrv jfsY ifbfr yfW.
7. zfvswv Yfqf tfsHv zfwf vfsJf
svfu djqfmk ifw rfufv hYsvv dlb. nCpG zdk dbjse Kfjsh, mf j
mft lCsv. kfsk Ofm rsh. sn Ofm zsbsjv bfj-hvfhv si]ZsY pfsh. sn
158
mqlfsb Yfqflfv djYc Kfjsh bf. sjht mrfb zffrv zfvswv Yfqf Kfjsh.
zfv sn Yfqfq ufqofW ifsh bf nhf.
kcdm dj sn Yfqfq ufqof sisk yfW sndlb?
kfrst zfusjv ifsiv nCpGkfsi YfqfoarB jvsk rsh, ntfsmv Yfqf.
dhswN j'sv skfmfsj htdY. jfvB kcdm siamsvfoD. skfmfv nfbsefj
rWqfv nfhbf shdw.
skfmfsj skfmfv sofib siadmjf ifsiv dlsj rfkYfdb dlsq FfjsY.
skfmfv zdHnfdvjf skfmfsj zfjct zfshlb ufbfsY.
bfbf lxd-zfjNGD ianfLsb ianfdLjf skfmfv iadk zfjxf rsq skfmfsj zfjx
jvfv syf jvsY.
ncvmf dbu snZvH dbsq skfmfsj mc j'sv kctsY.
ztQjfsvv UQjfsv skfmfv mbsj ymsj W Kmsj dlsY.
vinDv vsiv Utj W spZbfshlbmqDv zwftDb sifwfj skfmfv buv W
mb sjsV dbsY.
njt lvuf h j'sv spb siadmjf pctfJf skfmfsj htsY, `! snf
bf.'
Ytbfv ttbf bfbf zHd j'sv skfmfsj siamicvDsk spsk dk jvsY.
h]fysk ifvsh kcdm? kib-kfsi Yfqfv sJ]fu jvsh kcdm?
siadmj hc zfmfv! sj pdl skfmfv jfsY zpfdykHfsh siam dbshlb
jvsk yfq, ksh nhGij
a fv ncspfo Kfjf nsW kfv Ytbfq nfVf dlsqf bf. zfv
msb svsJf sp, zffr kfzftf nfk hAdsj sn dlsb k]fv (zfvswv) Yfqf
lfb jvshb spdlb k]fv Yfqf hAkDk zfv sjfb Yfqf Kfjsh bf; (kfslv msLA
jub rt,) sn hAd pfsj sjfb jctjfdmbD nclvD (zShL spZb-dmtsbv
sswA) zfrfb jsv, dj sn hst, `zfdm zffrsj Hq jdv. (hcJfvD
660bQ, mcndtm 1031bQ)
YtbfmqD ttbfv yfs pfsk bf iV, kfv ubA hfQtf iahfslW nkjGhfBD
snsY, kf msb svsJf; `jJsbf sJsqf bfsjf kfst zfv sOfst, jJsbf Hcstf
bfsjf sTmsbv shfst.' dEj skf `hfdtv h]fL, wsEv iaDdk, lcsqv j
vDdk.' zfv kfYfVf ùstv svJf, Jstv divDk' KfsjW bf shwD[B.
Lvsbv yfmq siasm Kfsj j iajfv ncVncdV, j Lvsbv fKG. pf swN rst
nh swN. nckvfQ msb svsJf hc zfmfv! ùt-ut-bfvD, dksb dhwfn
bf, hV mljfvD.'
bfvD wfvDdvjHfsh lchGt rstW hQ zsbsj bfvDsj nfmfbA fb jvstW
159
zfnst msbv dlj dlsq bfvD dhwft. ixdKhDv zm zfypG rt bfvDv mb.
ncdhk
x smOmftf hQ d[iaofmD hfkfsnv odksho rqskf dbBGq jvf nru;
dj bfvDv msbv odksho dbBGq jvf smfse nru bq. kf mfif hf zbcmfb
jvf zfslZ zfnfb bq. zfv ubA zsbsj nvt msb bfvDv Ytbfv ovt
ifb j'sv sLfjf Jfq.
`hcdUbc bf, FfdjbDv Ffj sp,
sp dmKAf mfqf,
ut bsr, sp Jt, sp Yt
mvDdyjf-Yfqf.'
8. kWhf jv
kcdm siadmj rW hf siadmjf, zfjx rW zfjNGj, zffrv jfsY kWhf jv.
jefv iv zfv jef ifsiv sp jfvB rsqY kcdm kfv ubA zffrv jfsY
[mfiafKGD rW.
kWhfv Yqde wkG zfsY, kf iCvB j'sv kWhf jvst zhwA kcdm zShL
siam W siam-Odek ifi-idtkf sKsj mcd ifsh. lCv rsq pfsh skfmfv slrmb sKsj lcvfsvfoA siamsvfo.
j } kWhfq skfmfv Jtfn Kfjsk rsh.
skfmfv msLA Hcstv Djfsvfd Kfjsh hQ jmf mrfb zffrv ubA
kWhf jvsh. kcdm k]fv zhfLA rsq mb ifsi sI]sndYt, kf sjht k]fv
Hsq k]fv jfsY kWhf jvsh. hfLA rsq hf yfsi isV kWhf jvstW dbqksj
zffrv dlsj dIdvsq slsh. sj sjfb stfH sldJsq kWhf jvsk c
jvstW kcdm skfmfv zvsj mrfb iadkiftsjv ubA dh jvsh.
zfv susb vfJsh skfmfv msb sp jciha dx v zfb ustsY, kf zffrv ubA
Jtfsnv ifdb YfVf dbHsh bf. nckvfQ Jtfnsj siamsvfsov zhAKG NL
ufbsh. mrfb zffr ncI bhD -v ubA hstsYb,
N E( '% p* ( (N&n ' . '% ( (94A % (, *+,(8h* , !xL( ( K( 4% !. * L0 *m%&* D( !, 0cK( (, !, %0 K( % q* * } (
uM&) L&M () {( , * y
% . ( ,( , %:", . 0AB
dbyq sn mdrtf (pctfJf) kfv iadk zfnf rsqdYt hQ snW kfv
iadk zfn rsq iVk; pdl bf sn kfv iadkiftsjv dblwGb iakA[ jvk.
kfsj ml jmG W zwDtkf rsk dhvk vfJhfv ubA Hfsh dblwGb
160
sldJsqdYtfm. zhwA sn dYt zfmfv dbhGfdyk hflfslv jub. (ncI }

24)
nckvfQ dhNqdesj kWhfv nmq mfKfq svsJf.

lc } hkGmfsb siam-Hfstfhfnfv pfhkDq jmGjf h jvsk rsh.
jfvB ifi huGb jvfv zfso ifi sKsj kWhfv sjfb zKG rq bf. kWhfv
zKG rt dIsv zfnf. ifi sKsj icsBAv dlsj, hfdkt sKsj rsjv dlsj,
zidhkf sKsj idhkfv dlsj, sbfQvfdm sKsj idvYkfv dlsj dIsv
zfnfv bfm kWhf. bf dIsv kWhf rq bf.
dkb } siasmv dlsj zfv uDhsbW dIvh bf, lxPnQji rsk rsh.
bsy{ ifi sKsj dIsv zfnfv iv zfhfv ifsiv dlsj dIsv sost kWhf
rsk ifsv bf. zhwA kfv ubA nhGlf zbcHdC ksk ifishfLef Kfjsk rsh.
sp jfu jvst zfhfv siam dIsv zfnsk ifsv, sn jfu zfv jvf pfsh bf.
sp jKf bst zfhfv siam dIsv zfnsk ifsv, sn jKf zfv swfbf pfsh bf.
sp dudbn slJst zfhfv siam dIsv zfnsk ifsv, sn dudbn zfv slJf pfsh bf.
sp ufqof sost zfhfv siam dIsv zfnsk ifsv, sn ufqof zfv pfWqf pfsh bf.
kWhfv iv mubc hstdYt, `sr mb kcdm skf Wqflf dlsqdYst sp, zfdm
tfqtf sKsj kWhf jvst kcdmW kWhf jvsh. zfdm skf kWhf jsvdY,
kfrst tfqtfv bfm sb kcdm ost pfW sjb?!
mbsj mb lchGt j'sv vfJst kWhfv ncIt HfsoA ucesh bf.
yfv } zShL siam jvfv Ist msb msb zbck rsk rsh.
bsy{ siam dbsq ohG Kfjst zKhf siam jvf hf siadmjvsi jfsvf zfjfd[k
rWqfsj snZHfoA LfvBf jvst kWhfv sjfb ijfdvkf idvlx rsh bf.
zsbj Lx W dbtG siadmj siam j'sv ohG jsv. sj kfsj sisk yfq,
kf sn kfsk zfbdlk W odhGk rq. oshGv nfsK zfIftb j'sv siasmv
jKf hcmrst iayfv jsv. msb msb lc}dJk, tdk, tfdk hf zbck rWqf
skf lCsvv jKf, siam j'sv sn sp Hct jsvsY, snefW Djfv jvsk yfq bf.
kfYfVf kf dbsq sn ohG W iayfv jvsh sjb? mb siadmj-siadmjf dj siam
sKsj mcd sisk ifsv? siasmv ifi-idtkf sKsj idh rWqfv kWIDj W
mrfb zffrv [mf tfH jvsk ifsv? j[b bf.
mrfbhD hstsYb,
0c'.g ' ( ( A\'% 1 !, .\'.P40 ('\( % )( % *, 4( K( 3
( . %:", 0AB( (:)A4K, 3
( . 1 AB ? ( ". >,_"0 [ n\[h))
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161
.((. % ( , 1 4( _% M, .uE, o )( ., % ). (
zfmfv iaskAj mskv ifi mfI jsv slWqf rsh, ksh sp iajfswA ifi
jsv (zKhf ifi j'sv hst shVfq) kfv ifi mfI jvf rsh bf. zfv ifi
iajfw jvfv j Lvb W sp, jub stfj vfs sjfb ifi j'sv sIst,
zk}iv zffr kf sofib jsv sbb. (zKGf{, sj kf ufbsk ifsv bf.) dj
njft shtfq sE sn stfsjv jfsY hst shVfq, `sr zmcj! ok vfsk
zfdm jfu jsvdY.'
vfskv shtfq zffr kfv ifisj sofib svsJ slb; dj sn njft shtfq
zffrv sn sofibDqkfsj dbsu dbsu I]fn j'sv sIst. (hcJfvD 6069bQ,
mcndtm 7676bQ)
i]fy } siam jvsk dosq jfsvf sjfb zdLjfv rvB j'sv Kfjst kf sIv{
dlsk rsh bkchf kfv dbje [mf sysq dbsk rsh.
hfi-mfsj jk j dlst! kfslv jk dj ycdv jvst! zfkDq-usbv mfbnmfb LCdtmf{ jvst! kfslv zdLjfv dIdvsq lfW, kfslv dbje [mf yfW.
Yq } Jsbf nmq zfsY, nmq swN rWqfv zfso zfso kWhf jv. bsy{
iafB jfok rst zfv kWhf jhct rsh bf. idym dlj sKsj nCpG dlk rst
zfv kWhfv nmq Kfjsh bf.
siadmj-siadmjf mcndtm mfdbjsufV! kWhf jv. ufdb kf hV jsv jfu.
j hvB jv, kfv dhdbmsq d ifsh. zjtAfB huGb jv, dhdbmsq jtAfB
tfH jvsh b wfzffr.
zffrv dlsj dIsv snf. zffrsj sist sjfb lc}J Kfjsh bf, sjfb j
Kfjsh bf. zffr skfmfsj ncmdk lfb jvb hQ skfmfv njt lc}J-j lCv
jvb. zfmDb.
9. lczf jv
mb ktf mcndtm siadmj-siadmjf! mfbcsNv mb rt I]fjf mqlfsb isV
Kfjf j ecjvf rfjf iftsjv mk. hfkfsnv nfmfbA slftfq sn mb lctsk
Kfsj, drtsk Kfsj, Ycesk Kfsj. mb rt idvhkGbwDt. sp mb jJsbf wAfm
yfq, jJsbf jct yfq. sn mb Kfsj zffrv lc zfcstv mfsU. dkdb mfbcsNv
mb Ocdvsq W dIdvsq Kfsjb. zkh hstW lczf jsvf k]fv jfsY,
.*+,)%, ( %>,* %xg( ,7&% [[q( k;q* ". )(
zKGf{, sr msbv odk idvhkGbjfvD! zfmfv mbsj skfmfv Dsbv iv dv vfJ.
162
zfbfn
hstb, vfnCtc fr
shdw shdw htskb, sr rlqnmCrsj
dhhkGbjfvD! kcdm zfmfv rlqsj skfmfv Dsbv iv iadkdk vfsJf. zfdm
httfm, `sr zffrv vnCt! zfmvf zfibfv iadk hQ zfidb pf zfbqb
jsvsYb kfv iadk mfb sbdY, zfidb dj zfmfslv hAfifsv Hq jsvb?'
dkdb htstb,
.((.N E( )( (u% h* D( .; q* ). , A^!, ( * %:", A:% ( (% AB (:% !( (7&[ [q 0AB %c( ())
r]Af, rlqnmCr zffrv zfctnmCsrv msLA lc'de zfcstv mfsU zfsY.
dkdb kf Yfmk dhhkGb j'sv Kfsjb. (dkvdmpD 2140, hsb mfufr 3834,
dmwjfk 102bQ)
siadmj hc zfmfv! bfvDv Ytbf sKsj h]fyfv ubA, bfvDv dIkbf sKsj lCsv
Kfjfv ubA kcdm ncI bhD -v mskf lczf jv,
%:[h* (0:DA % * AB .k% * 0:K. ( % h* %>x( %94A % U( 1mAB (, % * AB %>, (&% . % )( 0 ", 0>* AB nkZ
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zKGf{, sr isvfqfvslofv! Wvf zfmfsj sp dhNsqv dlsj zfrfb jvsY, kf
zsi[f jfvfofv zfmfv dbje zdLj diaq. kcdm pdl zfmfsj Wslv Ytbf
rsk v[f bf jv, ksh zfdm Wslv iadk zfjx rsq iVh hQ z mfbcNslv
zHG
c rsq pfh. (nCvf ncI 33)
mrfb zffrv Yf W zbcmdksk nh djYc Ose Kfsj. kf k]fv dbjse
zfknmiGB YfVf zfv sjfb ifq sb mfbcsNv. nckvfQ iVsk Kfsjf sn
dpjXv, pf uffskv jde LbHffv, tf rfWtf ztf jcWqfkf f dhfr.
zKGf{, zffrv nfrfpA YfVf bVf-yVf jvfv (ifi W zH dudbn sKsj
shs]y Kfjf hQ icBAfuGb W mt nfLb jvfv) [mkf sb. (hcJfvD 4202,
mcndtm 7037bQ)
dub W mbcNA-wqkfsbv jcmBf W zdb sKsj v[f sisk njft-nAfq

dbqdmk 3 hfv j'sv 3 `jt
c ' iV. mrfb zffrv skfmfv nrfq srfb. lCv
jvb skfmfv siamsvfo.
siamsvfoD jub zfkG-iDdVk hAd. zfv mrfb zffr zfskGv zfrhfsb
nfVf slb. dkdb hstsYb,
, '1 '^( 0" $ '* AB* AL% *W' N '*p* 5
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% )( ( (N&n .uE, o )( (.V ( (( AB 40 *
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zKhf dkdb, dpdb zfskGv zfrhfsb nfVf slb, pJb sn k]fsj Ffsj hQ
163
dhil-zfil lCvDHCk jsvb hQ skfmfslvsj ixdKhDv iadkdbdL jsvb.

zffrv ns zbA sjfb ifnA zfsY dj? skfmvf zdk nfmfbA islw
oarB j'sv Kfj. (bfmXt } 62)
10. dbqdmk bfmfp iV
siamsvfoD mcndtm kvB-kvBD! siamsvfo sKsj zfsvfoA tfsHv ubA
dbqdmk bfmfp zflfq jv. spsrkc bfmfp bfmfpDsj ififyvB W ml jmG
sKsj dhvk vfsJ. bfmfp iVst mfbcsNv yfdvdj uDhsb zfmCt idvhkGb
zfsn. htf hftA, jub bfmfpD dmKcAj rsk ifsv bf, syfv W lfofhfu rsk
ifsv bf, mfkft W tie rsk ifsv bf kAfdl. spsrkc mrfb zffr
hstsYb,
4A '*o . (N E( '% p* A:'( '(D% U( * * 0 ' 0AB * * 0 ' Ac, * (,7 _(o, ( :", *+% * AB (>Z
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& o L&M () {(&. (% U( "( .c* % )( . 1 (4. (h * , 1 4. h ,8* (

zKGf{, skfmfv iadk sp oa zrD jvf rsqsY kf ifE jv hQ pKfpKHfsh
bfmfp iV. dbyq bfmfp zwDt W ml jfu sKsj dhvk vfsJ. zfv zhwA
zffrv mvB nhGswa. skfmvf pf jv, zffr kf ufsbb. (zfbjfhCk } 45)
iaw rsk ifsv, h bfmfpDsj slJf pfq, kfvf siam jsv, ifi jsv. hvQ
bfmfspv Ov mndusl hsnW zsbsj siamjfpG W ififyvB yftfq. kfrst
bfmfp isV It sjfKfq?
sv htf pfq sp, mrfb zffrv Jhv dbyq dmKAf hf zhfh bq.
kfrst ncdbdykHfsh bfmfpDv bfmfp dmKAf. bsy{ bfmfp nkA W nIt rst
kfv yfdvdj ncIt zhwA Itskf.
11. dhhfr j'sv bfW

jctjct-kfb spZhsbv pchj hc zfmfv! pdl jfsj Hfstf stso pfq,
kfrst rftft W dhsLq ifsq kfsj ifWqfv syf jv. zfv sHshf bf sp,
siam j'sv dhsq shwD ncJmq. hvQ dhsq jvst lfdqkshfsLv nfsK siasmv
sykbf zdLj hfsV. idh siasm sjfb iajfv sL]fjf Kfsj bf, Kfsj bf sjfb
iajfv zdHbq W jiekf. sp dbmGt siasm Kfsj lfdqkwDtkf W
jkGhAivfqBkf. zfv ubA nmfu-dhfbD bhD hstb,
.((As o* x .\% ", A:% !0 ( _(. , 4( ). %c* ))
siadmj-siadmjfv ubA dhhfsrv mk zbA djYc (dhji) sb. (hsb
164
mfufr 1847, rfsjm 2677, hfrfjD 13835, nrDt ufsm' 5200 bQ)
j hAd bhD -v dbje sn htt, `zfmfslv kfhLfsb jde kDm

smsq zfsY, kfsj dhsq jvfv ubA jub ovDh W jub LbD iaf h dlsqsY.
dj smsqde ovDhsj iYl jvsY, zfv zfmvf LbDsj iYl jvdY.' jKf
sb bhD rflDn hstdYstb.
zkh siam iajfw W hxd jvfv ubA, siasmv Ffdt Jfdt jvfv ubA, siam
zdbhGfB vfJfv ubA, siam-svfo iwm jvfv ubA, idh dhhfr-hsbv mk
zfv zbA sjfb dhji okAv sb. kf zffrv jfsY lczf j'sv sofisb
skfmfv mfbcNdesj sysq bfW hQ k]fv dbje rfvfmjfdvkf sKsj wkhfv
ifbfr yfW. zfv ipc stfj tfdosq ShL ifsq kfsj skfmfv uDhbndbD hfdbsq bfW. sp vdk rsq skfmfv msb sndYt, kfsj nkD rsq skfmfv
Osv zfnsk lfW. sp diaqf rsq siasm dYt, sn hLC rsq skfmfv zLsv zfncj.
sp skfmfv `f[f-hcsj dwvDb-wfvfh' rsq kdlb sofisb tcdjsq dYt, sn
hfv iajfswA skfmfv siqftfq sn pfjX.
zfv jf pdl skfmfv LfvBf nkA rsq Kfsj, kfrst zShL siam sJst
sjb, tcsjfycdv jsv dInXdIdnsq sjb, sofib siam-i dtsJ sjb? hvQ ShL
ifsq kfv zdHHfhsjv dbje iqofm ifdEsq kfsj skfmfv iaBq-nCs so]sK
bfW. rftft ifsq kcdm kfsj skfmfv uDhsb dbsq snf hQ zffr W
vnCstv bfIvmfdb jsvf bf.
siam-dHJfvD hc zfmfv! siam j'sv pdl uDhb-nfKD hfbfsk yfW, kfrst
[BfqD Tt-spZhbf Icv vsiv vinDslv nfsK sjb? zn{ydvf
znkDslv nfsK sjb? r]Af, sn znkD hdj? sp skfmfv nfsK zShLHfsh siam
jvsk zfsn, zhfL dmtfdmwf, slJf-nf[f{, syfJfsyfdJ, rfnfrfdn jsv, sn
znkD Shdj?
nckvfQ siam pdl jvsk rq, kfrst dyvjcmfvD zb-spZhbf, zIcv
vsiv vinDslv nfsK jv. jfb-hlbf, ncbqbf, zfqkstfybf, tf-dhbma,
iahft W ilvfo-nlxw, d-spZhbf sNfVwDslv nfsK jv. sp kvBDvf rsh
njt iajfv zidhkf sKsj idhf, pfvf kcdm YfVf zfv jfsvf iadk buv
kcstW slJsh bf. sp ncvdHkf vinDslv sj pdl ixdKhDv zjfvfY
zfjfsw ]dj mfsv, kfrst kfv Utmst vifstfsj W snZvsH nfvf dhwuo{
zfstfdjk W ncvdHk rsq Esh. sp ncvmfv sjhtmf mfKfv WVbf Jfdbsj
ixdKhD W kfv nm nil hAq jvstW q jvf nHh rsh bf. (hcJfvD 6568 bQ)
nckvfQ rftft ifsq dhhfr jv hQ kfv nfsK ycdesq siam jv. zfv
165
zffrv zfbcokA jvfv mfLAsm vinDslvsj dhhfr jvfv ts[A smfrv

nQoar jvsk stso pfW.
zfv pdl iYslv kfsj ifWqf nh bf rq, kfrstW zbA sjfb iYslv
mfbcNsj uDhbnD hfdbsq bfW. dhhfsrv mfLAsmW Hfstfhfnf zfsY. ef
mrfb zffrv nxd. dkdb hstsYb,
='( Z
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zfv k]fv dblwGbfhtDv msLA zfv jde dblwGb sp, dkdb skfmfslv
ubA skfmfslv mLA rsk skfmfslv ndbDslvsj nxd jsvsYb, pfsk skfmvf
Wslv dbje wfd ifW hQ skfmfslv msLA ifvidvj Hfstfhfnf W mfqfmmkf nxd jsvsYb. dyfwDt nialfsqv ubA sk zhwA h dblwGb
vsqsY. (vm } 21)
djYc smsq stfj zfsY, pfslv nfsK wqkfb Kfsj. Ist kfslv zfyvB
wqkfb fvf iaHfdhk rq hQ wqkfb kfv mfLAsm mfbcNsj ifsi dt
jvfsk jxkfKG rq.
mrfbhD hstsYb,
.((. * % E0 D( ?* 4( E% _(M% ,P
( 4( 5
( (A?* t L( &% ( [ * 4% * ))
smsq mfbcN (nhef) tffb (sofibDq). zfv sn pJb shv rq, kJb
wqkfb kfsj icvsNv lxdsk ncswfHb j'sv skfst. (dkvdmpD 1173, dmwjfk
3109 bQ)
hsb mfnl
hstb, mdrtfvf sofib dudbn. sjfb zncdhLf YfVf
mdrtf pJb dbu hfdV sKsj shv rq, kJb wqkfb kfsj oHDv lxdsk
kfdjsq slsJ (zKhf kfsj ncswfdHkf jsv). zk}iv kfsj hst, `kcdm pfv
ifw shsq zdkm jvsh, kfsj mc jvsh.' mdrtf pJb kfv sifwfj
idvLfb jsv, kJb kfsj dufnf jvf rq, `sjfKfq pfWqfv Yf jvY?' sn
hst, `zfdm sjfb svfoDsj slJf jvsk pfh, sjfb mvf-Ov pfh zKhf mndusl
dosq bfmfp iVh.' zKy mdrtf kfv Osv sKsj dbu vshv hflk jvfv mskf
hflk zfv zbA sjfKfW jvsk ifsv bf. (kfhfvfbD, nrDr kfvoDh 348bQ)
zsbj s[s wqkfb bfvD fvf dhhfdrk icvNsjW iasvfdyk jvsk n[m
rq. ubA mrfbhD hstsYb,
166
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( % *W?* * 4( "% %c[h. Z
( * * L( (A?* * % v( , L( &. >,? %* ( * %* ( * (AB * * 4% ( 0AB))
.(( D( ( "( ,81 \( % ", D( ( "( 0A?* . * K% *

mdrtf pJb nfmsb zfsn, kJb wqkfb vsi zfsn (hQ pJb diYb dIsv
pfq, kJb wqkfb vsi pfq), nckvfQ skfmfslv jfsj pJb sjfb mdrtf mc
jvsh, kJb sn spb dbu Dv jfsY dIsv dosq dmtb jsv. jfvB kfv jfsY
kfv mskf (nh djYc) zfsY. (dkvdmpD 1158, lfsvmD 2215, dn} nrDrfr 235bQ)
dj sp zdhhfdrk zKhf pfv D jfsY sb sn jD jvsh?
sn LpGLfvB jvsh. khcW rfvfm iK shsY sbsh bf.
mrfb zffr hstsYb,
:'x" c[o. '( )% * %o* * "( "x :, ?* , (", % . , (( % . ( o, )( *m&% * %c[o ", %^, _(% )( %c1 :("} (
0:K. &'.U (0:'AD,K% * A%A',! 0:K. &. o, '*? }% !( :x" c[o
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( %:( , *+, (,7(8( ( :", , (( % . (" ( * .u% , 0:DA % * ( ?* X=E( Z
, p* !,
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, L0 L$ &[p* . w (%c[o1 4$ % 5
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skfmfslv msLA jfsvf fLDbf dhhfnD (mcdmb) bfvDsj dhhfr jvfv nfmKGA bf
Kfjst, skfmvf skfmfslv zdLjfvHc dhhfdnbD (mcdmb) pchkD dhhfr jvsh.
zfv zffr skfmfslv dhhfn (mfb) ns Jch Hfstfvsi idvfk. skfmvf
sj zisv nmfb. nckvfQ kfvf (iajfswA) hAdHyfdvBD zKhf (sofisb)
iidk oarBjfdvBD bf rsq nydvf rst, kfslv mfdtsjv zbcmdksm
kfslvsj dhhfr jv hQ bAfqnkHfsh kfslvsj kfslv smfrv ialfb jv.
zk}iv dhhfdrkf rsq pdl kfvf hAdHyfv jsv, kfrst kfslv wfd
(zdhhfdrkf) fLDb bfvDv zsLGj. (lfnD-dhhfsrv dhLfb) kfslv ubA pfvf
skfmfslv msLA (j W) hAdHyfvsj Hq jsv. zfv pdl skfmvf SLpG LfvB jv,
kfrst kfsk skfmfslv mt vsqsY. zffr mrf [mfwDt ivm lqftc.
(dbnf } 25)
zfv zdHHfhjslv dyk, sYstsmsqv dhsqv hqn rst zKhf kfslv siamHfstfhfnfv jKf z]fy jvst---pdl DbD hf yfdvdj sjfb [dk bf Kfsj,
kfrst---dhsq dlsq slWqf. zdkdv jef mfbcsNv Jvsyv Hq j'sv zKhf
fsKG zfOfk tfost sYstsmsqsj Hct isK, bdkj zh[q hf hAdHyfsvv
isK sEst slWqf zfslZ dyk bq. spsrkc mrfb zffrv dbslGw,
167
:'," . 1 .cDA , ~% ). N(4q* [? &.&[o)( AB %c[oa, "( AB (%c[h,( , %:", ( , , 0 (%c[o ", "( )( *W & . o, * } (
L&'' L&M () {$c ,( $^M, (. 1 (, ,

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skfmfslv msLA pfslv fmD-D sb, kfslv dhhfr niflb jv hQ
skfmfslv lfn-lfnDslv msLA pfvf n{, kfslvW. kfvf zHfhoa rst zffr
dbu zbcosa r kfslvsj zHfhmc j'sv slshb. zfv zffr iafycpGmq,
nhG. (bCv } 32)
zfv mrfbhD hstsYb,
$ (?*' ( AL% *R'> ,? t='(_% ?, %:[oU( ( [&p U( 1mAB .V&.Px O( ?* . (), (. q* [ 5
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( 4% U( %:"( %c[h U(* (AB))
.(($})A4(
skfmfslv dbje pJb mb hAd (dhhfsrv iqofm dbsq) zfsn; pfv Db
W ydvs skfmvf mc kJb kfv nfsK (smsqv) dhhfr lfW. pdl kf bf jv,
kfrst ixdKhDsk dI{bf W mrfIfnfl nxd rsq pfsh. (dkvdmpD 1084, hsb
mfufr 1967, dmwjfk 3090, dn} nrDrfr 1022bQ)
zfv sn mrf Ifnfl rsh, zShL nijG W kfv susv hAdHyfv kAfdl. zfv
kfv ubA lfqD rsh zdHHfhjvfW. nckvfQ nfhLfb!
12. bIt svfpf vfsJf
siam-ifot hc zfmfv! jf skfmfv zfwf pdl lcvfwf rsq Kfsj, kcdm
spmb ifWqfv spfoA, kfv yfsk hV pdl yfWqf rsq Kfsj, zKhf zbA sjfb
jfvsB pdl kcdm skfmfv sofib diaqfsj skfmfv uDhb-kvDsk bf- sisq Kfj,
kfrst lc}J jsvf bf. dbyq kfsk skfmfv sjfb mt zfsY zfsY, kf
kcdm kfsj ifWdb. zkh s[s kfsj msb yfif slWqfv ubA sJ]fu jsv
kfv sysq hf kfv mk jub (Dblfv) nclvDsj skfmfv rlsqv dnQrfnsb
hdnsq sIt. ef skfmfv Db-lcdbqfv ubA m. sk skfmfv iChG sbwf
sjse pfsh, mb dv rsq nQnfv ncsJv rsh hQ Ifef W jfef msb iasti
iVsh. zfv dhhfr pdl jf nHh bf rq, kfrst zShL iaBq W spZbiahdx sj lmb jvsk zffrv Wqfs svfpf iftb jv. b wfzffr, skfmfv
msbv njt `znXznf' lCv rsq pfsh, jfvB, svfpf rt LpGLfvsBv nrfqj
hQ `kfjWqf' W zffr-HDdkv jfvJfbf.
mrfbhD hstsYb,
%c'* %:'(" (A4% p* , .:( Z
% * (4A ( (, n}* * . 0A?* %0 O( _((?* * (N ( .c[o%", ((_ * M% A:"( ,7 (E0 4( E( % "( )(
168
. $N P
( A . * . 0A?* A&% 0 !, , %*( ?* %^, _(% )(
sr pchjlt! skfmfslv msLA sp hAd (dhhfsrv zKGf{ Dv HvBsifNB W
vdkdqfv) nfmKGA vfsJ sn spb dhhfr jsv. jfvB, dhhfr y[csj lvmk nQpk
jsv hQ tffb drIfpk jsv. zfv sp hAd nfmKGA vfsJ bf, sn spb svfpf
vfsJ. jfvB, kf spZsbdq lmbjfvD. (hcJfvD 5065-5066, mcndtm 3464-3466,
dmwjfk 3080bQ)
13. ivjft dyf jv

siamsvfoD mcndtm kvB W kvBD! rqskf siamhAfdLsk uvfuuGdvk rsq
skfmfslv msb mdvyf isV sosY. iasqfub zfsY kf idvjfv jvfv, smsu-Osn
yjysj jvfv.
zfv kfv ubA skfmvf svfoD slJsk pfW. rfnifkfst dosq slJ jk svfoD
jk Hfsh j ifsY. jk Hfsh zfkGbfl jvsY. mf wfzffr skfmvf nc
zfY, kfslv kctbfq zsbj Hfstf zfY. skfmvf kfslv lcvhf slsJ dw[f
oarB jv.
sj mfvf sost, hLHfsh lwGb jv. mxkAc v jKf sHsh dyf jv. tfw slsJ
islw oarB jv.
mcndtm pchj hc zfmfv! ufbfpfq zQwoarB jv, jhv dpqfvk jv W
ivjft dbsq dyfHfhbf jv. slJsh, sk siam-udbk zsbj iDVfv iwm
rsqsY. msbv jciha dx v lDqmfb sbwf zsbjef sjse pfsY. msbv dHkv
sKsj ifidyf lCvDHCk rsq pfsY.
ofb-hfubf bst spmb mxk spZbtftnf Ddhk rsq WsE, skmdb mvB
W ivjftsj mvB jvst hf kfv jKf bst zShL spZbhfnbf ialdmk rq.
mrfb zffr skfmfslvsj kWIDj dlb. zfmDb.
14. ijfvD jfsu hA Kfjfv syf jv
zdHoB hstsYb, siam rt wCbA rlsqv jmGjf. msbv dHksv pk
wCbAkf, zhnv, zhjfw W jfdjk Kfjsh, kk siasmv ncJifdJ dbdhGsO
hfnf h]fLfv ncspfo tfH jvsh.
syf jv Dsbv sjfb jfu dbsq hA rsk.
nmfu-snhf W isvfijfsvv sjfb jfsu hakD rsk.
rfskv sjfb jfu jvsk, kfsk kf pk sYfe srfj.
sjfb jef yfjdv J]sc u dbsk, kfsk kf pk jm shksbv srfj.
169
zKGjvD jfu bf sistW `hsn Kfdj bf shofv pf', siamsvfo nfvsk zisvv
shofv JfeskW slfN sb.
dikfmfkf hf Hf-shvflfsvv sjfb nfQnfdvj jfsu nrspfoD rsk ifvstW
ijfv nfLb rq njstv.
smfejKf mbefsj jfu dlsk rsh. jfsuv hAkf bf Kfjst mb siasmv
dlsj h]fLb-sY]Vf sOfVfv mskf slZV slsh. hAKf-shlbf W mxdkv lQwb-uftf
zbcHh jvfv mskf ncspfo ifsh.
msbfsvfoD hc zfmfv! zdHslvsj dufnf jv, jDHfsh jfsuv sbwf W
kfv dhvfmrDb hAkf dlsq msbv lc}J-jsj yfif dlsk rq.
vdeb W siafoafm jvf uDhb, psv mskf yst. jmG-kfdtjfq buv vfJsk
vfJsk vfsk Ocmfhfv nmq zfsn. nmsqv zfso Ocm zfnsk yfq. dhYfbfq
isV msv spsk rq. siW slJsk rq sn jfsuv dIdvd. jJb zfv Hfhf
pfq lc}J-jsv jKf?
sjfb j jfsu dbvk rst, sjfb j hAkfq hAfixk rst siasmv sbwf
LDsv LDsv mb sKsj sjse pfsh. mcsY pfsh uDhsbv Hct ils[siv zdHwfi.
fbD-BDslv zfsvf djYc islw skfmfv msbv mdBsjfEfq kcst vfsJf }`lc}JD rsq WEfv vrnA rt, kcdm ncJD bf lc}JD Hfhsk ifvfv mskf nmq
Kfjf.'
`lcdyf rt shjfvskv hc. jmG W fb-yyGfjfvD mfbcsNv sjfb lcdyf rq
bf, mfbdnj svfo rq bf. jfvB kfslv sjfb zhnv sb.'
`lcdbqfv sbqfmskv msLA ntfm psK, hAkfv msLA hflk psK,
islswv ubA mxkAc psK.'
15. siasmv mfbcNde sKsj lCsv Kfsjf
r]Af, j rstW pfsj kcdm hLHfsh sisk ifv bf, ifWqf nh bq, kfv
dbje sKsj kcdm lCv rsq pfW. kfv syfsJv zfVfst sost `syfJ zfV, bf
ifrfV zfV.' syfsJv zfVft rst msbv zfVft rsh.
ifvst hfnf sy jv. sjfb zufbf dEjfbfq dosq hfnf h]fsLf.
sb Kfjsh, jk kvB-kvBD jstu sYsVsY. Lc siamsvfso dbsusj LQn
rWqfv Hsq. yfjdv sYsVsY, pfsk siamUsV kfv hQswv jctmfb sV bf pfq.
slw sYsVsY, pfsk sn siasmv lfsq dbsusj zkAfyfsvv dwjfv bf hfdbsq
sIst.
r]Af, kfvf fbD. siasmv JsV iVstW ifot rsq pfqdb. ifot rWqfv
170
zfso dbsusj nfmst dbsqsY. jfvB kfvf ufsb, kfvf hfh uoskv nfLfvB
mfbcN. kfvf jibf uoskv viftD ilGfv sjfb drsvf-drsvfb bq.
nckvfQ msb lxPnQji zfsbf, `sp icjsc vv ifdb Jfh bf, sn icjsc vv ifsV
pfh bf.'
msbv mfbcNdev dhsq rsq sosY. khcW kcdm kfv iK sysq hsn zfY. djsnv
zfwfq? kfsj jbuv slsJ kcdm wfd ifsh? smfse bf, kfsk kcdm j
ifsh.
sp iK dlsq sn ifv rsq pfq, sn isKv Lfsv hsnf bf.
sp ufqofq sost kfv nfsK nf[f{ rsk ifsv, sn ufqofq HcstW spsqf bf.
sp hfufsv sost kfv iv skfmfv lxd iVsk ifsv, sn hfufsv kcdm smfseW
spsqf bf.
sp sIfsb jKf htst, kfv nfsK zfso htsk rsh, sn sIfsb kcdm jKf hstf
bf.
kfv nfsK nm nijG W spfofspfo dY jv. kfv sedtsIfb st v dlsqf
bf. i st uhfh dlsqf bf. ifvst sIfb-bv ifse sIstf.
skfmfv iaBsqv hAfifsv kfsj zfwjfvf dlsqf bf.
mb hAhrfv kfsj ialwGb jsvf bf, pfv Ist sn skfmfv iadk zfwf W Hvnf
j'sv sItsk ifsv. hvQ ifvst kfsj bnDrk jsvf hQ mb zn{ ifq
huGb jvsk islw dlsqf. kfsk It bf rst idvswsN Lmj dlsqW kfsj dhlfq
dlsqf.
ufb skf, svfo sKsj mcd sisk rst, svfsov nQiwG W sY]fqf sKsj lCsv
Kfjsk rsh. rflDsn snsY,
.((, M( *W %:", 4n p,U( ( h* A.83
% ( %:", 40 ?, (....))
skfmvf jcsvfoD rsk itfqb jv; spmb hfO rsk lCsv itfqb jv. (hcJfvD
5707bQ)
16. Hfstfhfnf dIsv zfsn hf hxd ifq mb jmG sKsj lCsv

Kfsjf
mb zsbj jmG zfsY, pf jvst icvsbf siam zfhfv msbv zfdMbfq dIsv
zfsn. sn nh jmGjf sKsj lCsv Kfsjf. spmb }1. ofb-hfubf swfbf sKsj lCsv Kfsjf. jfvB, ofsb pch-mb iawfd ifq bf;
hvQ msbv zfbsj dB j'sv ufdtsq skfst. ofsbv bfdob h]fwDsk siasmv
nfi sbsy WsE. ofsbv Lcbfv os siasmv mbnf suso WsE. zfvhDsk hst,
171
`zft-dobf vjqX Afkcp dpbf.' zKGf{, ofb rt hAdHyfsvv m.

htf hftA, siammq msbv lcht
G kf lCv jvsk zdLjfdLj mvBsj nvB jv.
tfmfslv Wqfp-mfrdIst idk rW, kfslv hxkfv jAfsne swfb. jcvzfb
sktfzk jv.
2. zdHbq slJf idvrfv jv. jfvB, dImX-pff-bfej-dKsqefv kAfdl
skf siasmv zfsb siseft Tfst. zfv nh mb dudbn sp, kfsk Kfsj
zdkvdk siam. zhfh jfidbj siam-jfdrbD W svfmfdej OebfhtD.
zkh sn zdHbq slsJ mubc kcdm Hfhsk ifv sp, kcdmW drsvfv mskf
siadmj rsk ifvsh, zKhf drsvfsbv mskf kcdmW jub siadmjf ifsh,
zKhf zdHbDk siam skfmfv hfh-uDhsbW Oesh. zKy sn LfvBf
skfmfv Hct.
tfqtf Hfhsk ifv sp, kcdmW drsvfsbv mk siadmjf rsk ifvsh, zKhf
drsvfv mk kcdmW jub siadmj ifsh, zKhf zdHbDk siam skfmfv
hfh-uDhsbW Oesh. zKy sn LfvBf skfmfv Hct.
zfsoW hstdY, siam-uDhsbv U]dc j W pcs dIsmv dFsvv (idvyftj) skf
drsvf-drsvfbsj hV zfnfbDv nfsK h]fdysq sbq. dj skfmfslvsj h]fyfsh
sj? i[fsv njt sia[foxr hf vmsv Lfsv-ifsw idk rsq
dydhsbflb jvfv mskf B zffrv hflfslv bq; hvQ iahdx v softfmslv.
smsqslv s[s zdkdv zfsvf djYc iftbDq islw rt }1. shilGf rsqf bf. jfvB skfmfv snZlpG iajfsw vsqsY mrf dIkbf.
2. hfdVsk shofbf sj Kfjst nfunf jvsh bf. ncod hAhrfv jvsh bf.
hfubflfv zfjNGBDq sjfb ztQjfv hAhrfv jvsh bf. kfsk lxd zfjNGB rsk
ifsv. zfv susb svsJf sp, nfunf W ncod sjht skfmfv fmDv ubA.
3. sjfb shofbf icvsNv nfsK sIfsb jKf hst mb sJftfnf jvfv syf jsvf bf.
jfvB, kfsk haB oftsk dosq sI]fVf rsq spsk ifsv. nmq sjfb shofbf icvN
---mbdj skfmfv fmDv Hf zKhf shfsbv fmD hcbf zKhf bbslv fmD
blfsj iawqa dlsqf bf. dlsqf pdl dbdkA, Oesh jef djd.
iasqfusb sp stfjslv nfsK skfmfsj jKf htsk rsh, kfslv nfsK jKf ht;
dj sn hAfifsv skfmfv nxdjkGf mrfb zffrv dbslGw mfKfq svsJf,
{ ? .4% "0 &% * (:[ ($4( "( , ,* >,? ,81 *?( (^( A&% q* !, (:%
(y
% U( *?* 0:_.%q* U0 AAB}
zKGf{, pdl skfmvf zffrsj Hq jv, ksh ivicvsNv nfsK sjfmt js
mbHfsh jKf hstf bf, pfsk zsv pfv hAfdL zfsY sn iatc rq. zfv skfmvf
nlftfi jv. (fHfdhj v W Hdmfq jKf ht.) (nCvf zfrpfh 32 zfqfk)
172
4. jfdjbD Kfjst sjfb shofbfsj hfdV iashswv zbcmdk dlsqf bf. `v]fsVv
Osv N]fsVv hfnf' jsvf bf. zfkDq YfVfYfdV rsq pfsh? kfsk skfmfv jD jvfv
zfsY? pdl sj zhcU rq, kfrst zhcU zfkDq bf Kfjf Hft.
zffrv vnCt hstb, skfmvf mdrtfslv dbje iashw jvf rsk nfhLfb
sKsjf. jKf sb zfbnfv sofsv j hAd htt, `dj fmDv Hf ns
zfibfv zdHmk jD?' dkdb htstb, fmDv Hf skf mxkAc vi. (hcJfvD
5232, mcndtm 2172, dkvdmpD 1171 bQ)
bhD hstb, skfmvf mb mdrtfslv dbje omb jsvf bf, pfslv fmD
hkGmfsb idk sb. jfvB wqkfb skfmfslv iaskAsjv v-dwvfq iahfdrk
rq. (dkvdmpD, hsb mfufr 1779, nrDr dkvdmpD 935bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstb, pJb sjfb icvN sjfb mdrtfv nfsK dbuGbkf zhtb
jsv, kJb wqkfb kfslv kxkDq nfKD (sjfebf) rq. (dkvdmpD, nrDr dkvdmpD
934bQ)
17. sp skfmfv msbv zfnb lJt jsvsY, kfv ml dljef

sJqft jv
iaKm lIfq sp syfsJ W msb Lsv pfq, sn rsq pfq msbv mfbcN. wCbA rlsq
sp nhGiaKm zfnb sisk dbsk ifsv, sn rq msbv vfuf, msbv vfbD.
zfv pfsj Hfstf stso pfq, kfsj Hfstfhfnf rq. sjfb djYc Hfstf slsJ
Hfstf stso pfq. kJb dj kfv sjht Hfstf dljef mfKfq zfsn. Jfvfi
dljW sp Kfjsk ifsv, sn dbsq dyfHfhbf zfsn bf. j syfJf zskv
bfm Hfstfhfnf. Hfstfhfnfv nh Hfstf, kfv sjfb djYc ml rsk ifsv bf.
siamifot mubc! pdl skfmfv LfvBf iaht rq, kfrst ifostv lwf
iaf rsh. i[fsv pdl mb ifotfdm sKsj mc rsk yfW, kfrst zhwA
skfmfsj nc dhshsj Hfstfml Hq dlj dhshybf jvsk rsh. hvQ sp
skfmfv msbv ncJ sjsV dbsqsY, kfv ml dljef Hfhsk rsh.
hsb mnl hstb,
. D U " 4h8_ ? 4" ch Z 3 B
`pJb sjfb (shofbf) bfvD skfmfsj mc j'sv sIst, kJb kcdm kfv sbfQvf
dljef sJqft jsvf.' (pfmct rfWqf, hbct ufWpD 38ix})
zkh buv iVfv nfsK nfsK msbv mfbnise sjfb vinDv Ydh zdk rsq
sost kfv ml dljef msb jsvf. sHshf,
sn rqskf zfymjf nclvD, zfnst nclvD bq. bkchf shfvjfv dHksv rqskf
173
znclvD.
rqskf kfv mcsJv waD zfsY dj jKfv waD sb.
bkchf Wv rqskf sjfb svfo hf zncJ zfsY.
sn rqskf Hfstf smsq bq, zidvjfv Kfsj, ofsq o zfsY.
rqskf sn Lx W odhGkf.
bkchf Wv rqskf hQw Hfstf bq.
bkchf Wv rqskf Ov-hfdV Hfstf bq.
bkchf rqskf Wv nfsK dhsq rWqf nHh bq.
bkchf W rqskf skfmfsj iYl jvsh bf, Hfstfhfnsh bf.
bkchf sn rqskf zbA jfsj Hfstfhfsn.
bkchf Wv zkDk rqskf jtdk, kAfdl.
zfcv It bfofstv msLA bf sist ej msb jvst msb nhcv rq.
siam-ifodtbD tfqtf! lxd iVfv nfsK nfsK msbv mfbnise sjfb `rAfXnfm'
nclwGb pchsjv Ydh zdk rsq sost kfv ml dljef msb jsvf. sHshf, sn
rqskf zfymjf nclv, zfnst nclv bq. bkchf Wv rqskf sjfb zncJ zfsY.
bkchf Wv rqskf hQw Hfstf bq. bkchf Wv rqskf Ov-hfdV Hfstf bq. bkchf
Wv rqskf sjfb ifuGb sb. bkchf rqskf Wv nfsK dhsq rWqf nHh bq.
bkchf W rqskf skfmfsj iYl jvsh bf. bkchf Wv zkDk rqskf jtdk
kAfdl. zfcv It ej msb jvst msb nhcv rq.
kfYfVf sht ifjst jfsjv jD? slJY jD HAftXHAftX? pfv nvsN kfv
kAft! kf slsJ skfmfv jfuW sb, tfHW sb.
siaqnD tfqtf! zfu pfsj kcdm HfthfnY, sp skfmfsj kfv syfsJv wfvfq
siasmv ufst zfh jsvsY, zfu pfsj kcdm skfmfv ufsbv ufb msb jvY,
jft rqskf sn skfmfv sjfb zncJ slsJ, sjfb hAhrfv slsJ zKhf skfmfv
yfsk Hfstf zbA sjfb bfdqjfv wfvf slsJ, skfmfsj èf-ef' dlsk ifsv.
sp skfmfv wfvfq kfv dbsuv mf-hfi, hQw, mfb-nm iaHdx k zmfbA W
illdtk jsv skfmfv jfsY sn spsk ifsv, sn sp skfmfv W skfmfv mfhfsiv mfb vfJsh, kfv dbyqkf sjfKfq? zfv jKfW susb svsJf sp,
rqskf skfmfv dmkf ycsN dbsq ycQofsmv mk skfmfsj sIst dlsk ifsv.
nckvfQ mb siasmv icksc tv ubA k jcvhfbD djsnv?
siam-ifotf mubc hc! zfu pfsj kcdm HfstfhfnY, sp skfmfsj kfv
syfsJv wfvfq siasmv ufst zfh jsvsY, zfu pfsj kcdm skfmfv ufsbv
ufb msb jvY, jft rqskf sn skfmfv zHfh slsJ, sjfb zncJ slsJ, sjfb
174
hAhrfv slsJ zKhf skfmfv yfsk Hfstf zfv sjfb bfosvv wfvf slsJ,
skfmfsj èf-ef' dlsk ifsv. sp skfmfv wfvfq kfv dbsuv mf-hfi, hQw,
mfb-nm iaHdx k zmfbA W illdtk j'sv skfmfv jfsY sn spsk ifsv, sn
sp skfmfv W skfmfv mf-hfsiv mfb vfJsh, kfv dbyqkf sjfKfq? zfv
jKfW susb svsJf sp, zfu kcdm mfvf sost jft sn zfhfv zbAsj dhsq jsv
bkcb nQnfsvv bkcb h rsh. nckvfQ mb siasmv iadkmfv ubA k hdtlfb
djsnv?
siadmj hc! ixdKhDsk pk vjm zfypGmq dudbn zfsY, kfv msLA nh
yfsk shwD zfypGmq dudbn rt smsq mfbcsNv mb. nfosvv mk bfvD Ffov
dudbn. kfsj uq jvsk hV idk W fbD stfsjW drmdnm sJsq pfq.
nckvfQ kcdm sj? kcdmW rqskf jdlb htsk hfLA rsh sp,
` kcdm zfu sn - kcdm skf br; zfu srdv kcdmW YtbfmqD,
kcdmW rsk yfW dmKAf dlqf uqD?
djYc smfsv dlsk yfW, zbA ksv vfJ djYc hfjD,
lcHGfdobD! slsJ srsn mdv! jfsv kcdm dlsk yfW I]fdj?
---iafB dbsq dj dblfvB sJtf sJst vf rfq,
v-Uvf vfMf hcj l'st ztj isv vf ifq!
vf slhD, vf stfHD, vf yfsr nhGub iaDdk!
rfslv ksv bsr siadmsjv iCBG iCuf, iCufvDv iCBG nmKGb,
iCuf srdv' rfslv HDv-hcsj kf ufso k nkA-HDdk!
bfvD bfdr rsk yfq wcLc jf jfsvf,
vf slhD, vf stfHD, pk iCuf ifq vf yfq kk zfsvf.
rfslv zdk stfHD mb,
jusb kx bq, j sisq ncJD bq, pfsy h ub!'
hc zfmfv! pdl kcdm Hfh sp, nh bfvD skf zfv j vjm bq. zfmfv
tfqtf zfmfsj sL]fjf slsh bf.
dj jKfv dbyqkf sjfKfq hc? kfv dj sjfb hbD hf shbD zfsY?
bfvD-ifotf hc zfmfv! icvsNv is[ bfvDv dIkbfv mk hV dIkbf zfv
zbA djYc sb. mrfbhD hstb, zfmfv ok rWqfv isv icvsNv is[
bfvDv sysq zdLjkv [dkjv sjfb dIkbf zbA djYc sYsV pfdY bf.
(zfrmfl, hcJfvD 5096, mcndtm 2740 bQ, dkvdmpD, hsb mfufr)
bfvD-Odek dIkbf zKhf bfvDsj sj jsv Odek dIkbfv nQJAf uosk

jm bq. zfv dIkbfq icvsNv Lb pfq, fb rfvfq, mfb rfvfq, Db
175
rfvfq hQ zsbj s[s iafBW rfvfq. kf skf mrfbhD icvNsj nfhLfb

jsv hstb, zkh skfmvf lcdbqf W bfvDv hAfifsv nkjGkf zhtb jv.
zfv susb svsJf sp, hbD nvfstv iaKm dIkbf pf dYt, kf dYt bfvDsj
sj jsv. (zfrmfl, mcndtm 2742, dkvdmpD 2191, hsb mfufr 4000 bQ)
wqkfsbv spmb sjZwt, yf W Ytbf zfsY, icvsNv hAfifsv bfvDvW
dhdH sjZwt, yf W Ytbf zfsY. mrfoa zft-jcvzfsb Hsqv
yfsv jKf zfstfdyk rsqsY. dj dhkfdVk wqkfsbv yf W sjZwstv
hAfifsv jcvzfb hstsY, dbyq wqkfsbv sjZwt lchGt. (nCvf dbnf 76
zfqfk) i[fsv bfvDv sjZwt W Ytbf hBGbf jvsk dosq htf rsqsY,
dbyq skfmfslv Ytbf HDNB! (nCvf ncI 28 zfqfk)
nckvfQ fbD hc! nfhLfb sKsjf. wqkfb W bfvDv yf-ufst sI]sn dosq
dbsuv Db-lcdbqf hvhfl j'sv dlsqf bf.
YtbfmqD ttbfsj kcdm rqskf sysbf bf. kcdm rqskf ofsk hfLA rsh,
`hcUsk bfdv bfvD jD yfq--mfUJfsb sYl jsk jKf,
yfsk yfsk mcsl ifkf
rfnsk rfnsk sj]sl sIst
zfnsk jfsY dIsv pfq.
hcUsk bfdv bfvD jD yfq.'
kcdm rqskf zhfj rsq jdlb Hfhsh,
`bqb sjht bDt {it
mcJ wklt dlqf odEt,
jcsl l i]fdk vfdJqfsY o]fdK
zLsv bhDb ih dlt.
wvDv njt yisjv lt
dlqf zdhjt dhdL vdyt,
kf Hfdh msb ksh jD jfvsB
ifNfsBsk kh mb odEt.'
kcdm rqskf iakfdvk rsq sjfbdlb htsh, `mdrtfv rlq rt mvHCdmv
hfdtv mskf. okjft pf dtsJsY zfu kfv sjfb dyr slJsk ifq bf.'
`hstf bf zfmfv jKf jHc kfv jfsY,
rlsq ifKv pfv dhlAmfb zfsY.
176
Ict sn rstW Ict Icstv mkb,

mvf pfrfv dbje ifq bf pkb.
sosqf bf kfrfv jfsY jHc smfv ofb,
UbGf sp rfufsv jvfq diifnfq ifb.
pdlW hdtsh Hft mvnm mfsE,
bsr kf kfrfv mk siam mLc kse.
zfjfw jdvst zfjfw nf[f{ spmb,
jdvst kfrfv mfsU hfkfn omb.
dlsh dj jHc sn zfjfw rdlsk,
lc siadmj vdh siam iajfdwsk?
jHc spb bfdr swfsb iafskv hfkfn,
zfdm yf kfv jfsY zfvfsmv wfn.
hV iakfvjf sn sp dhwfnOfkjD,
nCspGv mskf sn rsk yfsr nJD.
ovm rqf siam jsv dhnuGb,
nfhLfb rsq pfW W ifot mb.'
kJb kcdm dbsuv Hct Djfv jvsk hfLA rsq htsh.
ìtfw stfysb msbfrv kcdm ndkA itfw Ict,
nchfn dhsb Hfstfhfnf smfv rqfsY wk Hct.'
18. Hfstfhfnfv mfbcNdev rfdvsq pfWqfv jKf sJqft jv
kcdm pfsj Hfstfshsn sIstY, kfsj sHftfv ubA kfv rfdvsq pfWqfv jKf
LfvBf jv.
sn rqskf rfdvsq pfsh.
sn rqskf zi dlsb mfvf pfsh.
lfikA ncsJv bf rsq kftfj rsq pfsh.
nckvfQ [dBsjv ubA jfidbj Hfstfhfnfq dbsusj l j'sv kfv isK
k jcvhfbD sjb?
sp skfmfv dbje jk dlb Kfjsh, kfv dbyqkf sb, kfrst kfsj bf sist
kcdm h]fysk ifvsh bf sjb?
sn mvst kcdmW mvsh, kfrst mvsBv isv dj ncsJv dbyqkf zfsY? zfv
mvfv isv dj skfmfv dbu sjfb Jdkqfv zfsY?
177
iajdx k rW, fHfdhj uDhsb dIsv snf. hfhkfsj dVsq spsqf bf.
jibfv uosk sJqfdt siftfW JfWqf h jv. ncJD rsh.
19. zfcv It ej msb jv
dbyq skfmfv zfcv It esjv oi msb zfsY. dwqft hfvhfv U]fi dlsq
pJb Uct ifjf zfcv sYv bfoft sit bf. kJb dbvfw mbsj nfb f dlsq
jKf htsk htsk ifdtsq sot, `zfcv It ej.'
r]Af, sp dudbn skfmfv ifWqfv bq, kfv diYsb mb sIst svsJ sjfb tfH
zfsY dj?
Hfstfhfnf tfsHv ubA spfoAkf yf. zfv sn spfoAkf tfH rst siam jvfv
iasqfub isV bf.
Hfstfhfnf ifWqfv ubA iayvc efjf yf. ipc yfjdv zKhf hAhnf yf.
]lvc rsq sev nfsK Hfstfhfnf dj yst? kfsj dj skfmfv oskG sb
vfJsh?
rfdksj Hfstfshsn Osv zfbst kfv dj Jfhfv spfofsk ifvsh?
jub zmcndtmsj Hfstfshsn kcdm dj nfmft dlsk ifvsh?
nckvfQ msbfvmf tfqtf! kcdm pfsj Hftshsn sIstY, sn LbDv sYst bq skf?
zKGf{, sjfb iajfsv sn skfmfv uDhsb sn sost, kcdm kfv ns kft dmdtsq
kfv yfdrlf iCBG j'sv ytsk ifvsh skf? pdl kf bf rq, kfrst swfb, `hV ofsYv
ktfq hfn, Fft HfMst nhGbfw.' `hVv divDk hfdtv h]fL, [sB rfsk ldV
[sB y]fl.' nckvfQ siasmv bfsm dbsuv uDhsb hbf W zdHwfi sFsj sbf bf.
zfhfv jfsj wcLc Hfstf tfost rq bf. kcdm kfv hf kfslv idvshw W
hfdVv ipc dj bf, kfW sHsh slJ. bsy{ `hfWsbv y]fl yfWqf'v mk
hAfifv rst wcLc wcLc msb j sb tfH jD? kfYfVf kcdm pdl skfmfv vi,
dw[f, ydv, hAhrfv W nfQnfdvj spfoAkfq kfslvsj mc jvsk ifv, kfrst
ovDh rstW kfslv lxd zfjNGB jvsk ifvsh. zfv kcdm rsh kfslv spfoA
h. i[fsv tcsjfycdvsk ydv b j'sv Kfjst, kcdm kfslv syfsJ Jfvfi
rsq pfsh. swsN zfv hW rsk ifvsh bf.
msbfsyfv mubc! kcdm pfsj Hfstfshsn sIstY, sn LbDv smsq bq skf?
zKGf{, sjfb iajfsv sn skfmfv uDhsb sn sost, kcdm kfv ns kft dmdtsq
kfv hfnbf iCBG j'sv ytsk ifvsh skf? pdl kf bf rq kfrst swfb, lvuf
dlsq zHfh Tcjst ufbftf dlsq Hfstfhfnf tcdjsq ifdtsq pfq. nckvfQ siasmv
bfsm dbsuv uDhsb hbf W zdHwfi sFsj sbf bf.
178
zfhfv jfsj wcLc Hfstf tfost rq bf. kcdm kfv hf kfslv idvshw W
hfdVv ipc dj bf, kfW sHsh slJ. bsy{ `hfWsbv y]fl yfWqf'v mk
hAfifv rst wcLc wcLc msb j sb tfH jD? kfYfVf kcdm pdl skfmfv dw[f,
ydv, hAhrfv W nfQnfdvj spfoAkfq kfslvsj mc jvsk ifv, kfrst ovDh
rstW kfslv lxd zfjNGB jvsk ifvsh. zfv kcdm rsh kfslv spfoA
ufmf. i[fsv tcsjfycdvsk ydv b j'sv Kfjst kcdm kfslv syfsJ Jfvfi
rsq pfsh. swsN zfv ufmfW rsk ifvsh bf.
nckvfQ nkjG rW, sn dlb zfnfv zfso, spdlb kcdm htsh,
htf hftA, pdl jfsj skfmfv Hfstf stso pfq, kfrst kfsj
Hfstfhfnfv syf jsvf bf. `dlt rAfq sj mfbkf sbr]D' hst dltvhfv diYsb
dlt Ycdesq dlsqf bf. hvQ dbvfwf iajfw j'sv hstf, `sht ifjst jfsjv
jD?' `slJY jD HAftXHAftX, pfv nvsN kfv kAft.'
`doqfsY sp Hfdev efsb Jdnqf iVf ifkf,
Hfdnqf sn doqfsY yst nclvC jdtjfkf.
sn skf zfdnsh bf zfv dIsv,
ufb dlqf dEqf sn sIst pfWqf kDsv.'
zfdm hdt,
`spsk lfW kfsv, spKfq JcwD sn pfj,
kcdm rW dyfwCbA, mbef zfvfm ifj.
ifWqfv dYt bf doqfsY yst sHsh It jD kfsk?
bkcb j'sv Hfh vfsk, zfnsh sjr iafsk.
sn dYt jcwDa , zfnsh ncwDa spmbef kcdm yfW,
iafKGbf jdv, kcdm spb sn msbv mfbcN ifW.'
20. dbuGbkf kAfo jv
zShL iaBsqv kfVf sKsj h]fysk dbuGbkf kAfo jv. jfvB, dbuGbkfq
swaBDv jchfnbf msb fb ifq shwD. zfv wqkfb kfsk nrspfoD rq. zkh
njt zn{-ydvsv hc W zfkDq sKsj lCsv sKsj n{-ydvsv hc oarB j'sv
dhdH n{ zfstfybfq iah
x rW. zffrv dpjXsv msbfspfo lfW. dhdH ItianC
h-icj
ifE jv.
jf bf Ocdmsq sjfb zfkDq hf drkfjf[D sbj hcv jfsY Ocmfhfv syf jv.
179
vfs Ocm bf st pk jcvzfb W wqbjfstv lczf W dpjXv mcJ zfsY sq sq

nh isV swN jvfv syf jv. `nchrfbffr' 33 hfv, `zftXrfmlc dtfr' 33 hfv
hQ `zff zfjhfv' 34 hfv ifE jv. kfv isvW Ocm bf st, Ocm bf rst
skfmfv sjfb [dk rsh---mb sHshf bf. zKhf vfk ifv rsq pfsY hst msb
msb zfs[i jsvf bf. mb Hfhst W jvst zfsvf Ocm zfnsk yfsh bf.
zk}iv jf Ocm pdl bf zfsn, kfrst dhYfbf sYsV sE Wpc jsv bfmfp
iVsk wcv jv. v mfsU Ocsmv zfshw sist sq iV. Ocm bf st dhYfbfq
efifef jvst zbAfbA lczf iVfv iv lczf iV,
.L. p1 ~( O. )% OA ( ( D. (% !( "( (AL% *R (, ( (0 n7L( .L D0 q* . Z
, [ &(1mAB ( AB *m
`tf tf-rf ff-t Wqf-drlct jfrXrfv, vfcnX nfmf-Wqfdk ztXzfvdp
zmf hfbfmft zfpDpct ofIXIfv.'
zfv r]Af. Ocsmv WNcL hAhrfv j'sv Ocmfhfv syf jsvf bf. jfvB, Ocsmv iv
wvDsv sp ksvfkfuf Hfh W msb ICdkG zfsn, sn Ocsmv iv kf zfsn bf. hvQ
WNcL sJsq Ocmfsbfv Ist wvDsv j Lvsbv jfd W zhnfl zbcHk
C rsk Kfsj.
zfv shjfv hsn sKsjf bf. sjfb bf sjfb jfsu, dbsuv jfu bf Kfjst
sjfb nmfujtAfBmCtj jfsu hA Kfjfv syf jv. i]fyusbv nfsK jfsuv
mfsU dbsuv jfdjk jfdesq skft.
21. ifi W kfv wfdsj Hq jv
siamsvfoD tfqtf W mubc!
pfsj Hfstfshsn sIstY, kfsj jJsbf jf dbuGsb jfsY ifWqfv zfwf W
syf jsvf bf. hAdHyfv sKsj lCsv KfjstW lwGb W zftfibsj [dkjv bq
hst zhf jsvf bf. susb svsJf hc! pfvf mrf zdojfsj Hq jsv kfslv
dyk, zfsbv sYf zfv ecjvfsjW Hq jvf. dyk bq sYf mb
djYcsj zhf jvf, pf rt hV djYc Ose pfWqfv HCdmjf. [c hsev hDu
ifJDv dhfv nfsK shv rsqW jk dhwft hehx[ nxd jsv. sYf mwf bmvslv
mxkAc v jfvB rsk ifsv; mAftfdvqf sb uDhbbfw jvsk ifsv. sYfe sYfe
ifJDlt rdhfdrbD nr zfhvfrfsj LQn jsvsY. jde sYf dY jde
dhwft ifdb-ufrfusj nmc-kst Fcdhsq dlsk ifsv. dhYfv jfmsV nfi mfvf
spsk ifsv. nfmfbA dhsN mfbcN mfvf pfq. [c lXlX ifJD dhtjDn vfBDv
vfuk LQn jsvsY. jde sYf ]lvc jk wk wrv Hfdnsq dlsk ifsv hbAf
sb. zfv jKfW wcsb Kfjsh sp, rfdkv jfsb boBA di]iVf iashw jvst
zsbj nmq rfdk kfv jfvsB mfvf pfq!
180
ìaskAj nfmfbA de, [c zivfL,

sm efsb ifi isK, Oefq iamfl.'
siadmj wDvDb W Ifvrfl! siasm isV mfbcN hAdHyfsv dt rq. syfJ, jfb,
duH, rfk, if hQ zsbj s[s spZbfsv hAdHyfv nQOdek jsv zShL
divDk. zShL Hfstfhfnfv mfbcNdev dlsj sr]se pfWqf rt ifsqv hAdHyfv.
zkh kfv iadk sp isK W ifsq kcdm ytsk jcdk W tdk bW, sn
isKv iv skfmfv ifsqv dbwfbf W lfosj sjfb dlb Hq jsvY dj? sHshY
dj sp, skfmfv sYsV pfWqf iaskAj dbwfbf npsk drIfpk jsv vfJf rsY.
mrfb zffr hstb,
{ , ". (" AB >,? .V (% ( Z
% XN%>v( 0\[h (%cK. L( g( & (."0 * "( .k_.o ( (U(&% ( > , % . .:% ( 0AB}
zfdm mxksj uDdhk jdv hQ dtsJ vfdJ pf Wvf zsoa ifEfq W iyfsk
svsJ pfq. zfdm iaskAj dudbn i djkfsh nQvd[k svsJdY. (nCvf
qfnDb 12 zfqfk)
zShL siadmsjv nfsK sJfwftfi rt dusHv hAdHyfv. sofib diaqfv nfsK

siam-uDhsbv ncdm jKfv vnftfi kKf dmtsbv fl hV kxdjv. dj hc!
mb ncJ skf [dBsjv ubA. kfYfVf mb ncJ W fslv dj mCtA Kfjsk ifsv,
pfv ivhkGDjfst zsi[f jvsY lDOGf qD wfd W lc}J.
sp duH dbsq kcdm skfmfv iaBqDv nfsK jKf ht, sn dusHv njt jKf
svjFG jsv vfJf rsY, kf kcdm sHsh slsJY dj? mrfb nxdjkGf hstb,
L&M () {$ _, ( $k , L( , )% ( * 1 AB &% * :," [p, )( "( }
mfbcN sp jKf yfvB jsv, kf dtdih jvfv ubA k{iv iarvD kfslv
dbje zfsY. (nCvf jfI 18 zfqfk)
vdnj bfov W siamifotD kvB-kvBD! siasm isV kcdm siadmsjv nfsK
dmst sp ifi jvY, sn ifi dj sYfe sHshY? sHsh slJ, rqskf skfmfslv
mfsU mb ifiW Ose spsk ifsv, pfv ifdKGh wfd rt jwk jwfOfk,
bsy{ iav fOfsk Jcb. dj lcdbqfsk wfd sKsj sjfb vjsm sh]sy sostW
zfsJvfsk zfsY ut zfsbv ycD. zkh `sp icjsc vv ut Jfh bf, sn
icjsc vv ifV dlsq pfh bf'---ef mc'dmsbv lxPnQji rWqf dyk bq dj?
sHshY dj sp, kcdm skfmfv Hfstfhfnfv nfsK sp zShL siamsjdt, iasmfldhrfv jvY, kf dHdFW-svjFG rsq pfsY. iaDdkv nxdk vfJsk dosq zsbj
nmq sp Ydh skfmvf zShL W zwDtHfsh kcst vfJY, sp zwDt sntID
skfmvf snH j'sv vfJY, kf jdlb I]fn rsq pfsh. nh djYc mfbcsNv
181
syfsJ I]fdj dlsq jvstW jft djqfmsk kcdm ys[ slJsk ifsh.
= O O ( ) {.V4( )( z4v( X L0 ( ( q* % ", %\( % )( :("( () .V4( )( 4% 5
( X L0 ( ( q* % ", %\( % )( :( ?* }
sp hAd zBc idvmfB Hfstf jfu jvsh, sn kf slJsk ifsh. zfv sp
hAd zBc idvmfB ml jfu jvsh, sn kf-W slJsk ifsh. (nCvf dptpft 7-8
zfqfk) hQ kfv pKfKG iadklfbW ifsh.
siam-ncJD hc zfmfv! sp mfdev iv kcdm zwDtkf siasmv bfsm jvY,
sn mfde skfmfv sofib sHl oafsmfsIfb svjsFGv mk svjFG jsv vfJsY.
jft djqfmsk sn kf iajfw jsv slsh. ixdKhD kfv hxf hBGbf jvsh. ( 4)
divDk sbwfoa hc zfmfv! kcdm rqskf skfmfv siamsjdtsk mfbcNsj
Hq jvY, mf-hfisj tf jvY. dj nlfufoak sn nhGna fsj tf W Hq
jsvY dj? sp naf skfmfv z-iakA nr skfmfv slr nxd jsvsYb hQ
k]fv SkvD slrsj k]fv zhfLAfyvsB hAhrfv jvY.
jKf skf kcdm dhwfn jv sp, zfmfslv mfKfv yct sKsj dbsq ifsqv bJ
ipG nm slr sn mrfb nxdjkGf zffrv lfb. zfmfslv hAhrfsvv ubA
dkdb zfmfslv slsrv njt z-iakAsj pKffsb fib j'sv zfmfslv
iadk hV zbcora jsvsYb. djqfmsk pJb zfmvf zfmfslv jxk ifsiv jKf
Hsq zDjfv j'sv hnh, kJb znmCr jKf hst zfmfslv dhvs
zffrv jfsY nf[A slsh. (nCvf qfnDb 65 zfqfk) nckvfQ slr zffrv
mfdtjfbfq, zfmfslv mfdtjfbfq bq. slr W z-iakAsj pdl k]fv
zhfLAfyvB W dhsvfdLkfq iasqfo jdv, kfrst kfv sysq hV Lxkf W
dbtGkf zfv jD rsk ifsv? zffr zfmfslvsj nxd jsv k]fv hflk
jvfv ubA ifEfstb lcdbqfsk hQ kfv mrf iadklfb slWqfv iadkwadk
dlstb zfsJvfsk. dj hflf pdl sn iadkwadkv jKf, zfsJvfk W mxkAc v
jKf Hcst dosq lcdbqf nhGswN msb jsv, ksh dbyq kf tfv jKf.
ubA mrfbhD hstb, skfmvf zffrsj pKfpKHfsh tf jv. njst
htt, `sr zffrv bhD! zfmvf skf -zftrfmlc dtfr- zffrsj tf j'sv
Kfdj.' dkdb htstb,
p* % ( ' ((&'(Z '(" ( (40 ' p* % ( ?* ,N ( ( 0`Z
( , 1 %:", ( _(M% %:"( %:o, * * (+,(( % * ))
% q* ?* *+,( *? (\( %:( ?* ( % n )(=* A* 4( U( * 4( 5
, (( L* %:"( * (, ( (&% ( 4% [h%8( ( ( (" ( ( (: (
.((,N ( ( 0`Z
( 0\P
( (O0 ( , 1 %:", ( % _(M%
bf vi bq. zffrsj pKfpKHfsh tf jvfv zKG sp, mfKf W kfv
nQpc zbAfbA z (duH, syfJ hQ jfb)sj (zShL iasqfo rsk) drIfpk
182
jvsh, sie W kfv nQdw z (dt, rfk, if W rlq)sj (k]fv zhfLAfyvB

W rfvfm rsk) drIfpk jvsh hQ mvB W kfv iv rfV mfde rsq pfWqfv
jKf (nhGlf) nvsB vfJsh. zfv sp hAd ivjft (W kfv ncJmq uDhb)
ifWqfv Yf vfsJ, sn rjfstv snZlpG idvrfv jvsh. sp hAd nh djYc
jsv, sn iajk
x is[ zffrsj pKfpKHfsh tf jsv. (zfrmfl 3671,
dkvdmpD 2458, nrDr dkvdmpD 2000 bQ)
zfsvf dhfdvk swfsbf hc! skfmfv syfJ, jfb, rfk, if hQ wvDsvv yfmVf
ipG jft djqfmk sjfseG zffrv nfmsb skfmfv dhvs nf[A lfb jvsh.
jcvzfb hst,
() {( ( [&% )( &. h* ( !, %cK. . [&P
. (%cK. L. ( !% * (%cD. . % M( %cDA % * ( ( DA v( K( . P
( "( (AB _0Z
(}
idvswsN pJb Wvf slfpsJv dbje si]ZYsh, kJb Wslv syfJ, jfb W kj
Wslv jxkjmG ns nf[A slsh---. (nCvf IcndX ntfk 20 zfqfk)
.cDA ?; &( '.) X8',Y"( &% )( () ( ( ['&% )( &. '*h ( !, c.D[ P
. L% * (%cDA ), )% * (%cD. _.(, * %cDA % * ( . D( E% U( (&% )( }
L&'' L&M () {. , . n`( (& K. ( 1 0&( *. * % )( (0`( .cD. (), . 1

spdlb kfslv dhvs nf[A slsh kfslv duH, kfslv rfk W kfslv if,
kfslv jxkjmG ns. sndlb zffr kfslv iafiA iadkIt icsvficdv slshb
hQ kfvf ufbsh sp, zffr nkA, i hAjfvD. (nCvf bCv 24-25 zfqfk)
mrfb zffr zfsvf hstb,
( % '.U X="0 [ n\[h =( g, P
( X="0 [ 0\[h (4U(( () ( [&, % . 4. ( y
% )( X8Y, "( &% )( [=( 0 .[&qU( (&% )( } (
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% U. (&% ( D( !, _(h, * AB
= g d L&M () {( ( [&% U( %c_. [h "( ., _(% (

spdlb djqfmk nQOdek rsh, sndlb dmKAfwaqDvf [dkoa rsh hQ
iaskAj nialfqsj Hsq bkufbc rsk slJsh, iaskAj nialfqsj kfv
zfmtbfmf (jmGdtdi) slJsk zfrfb jvf rsh. zfv htf rsh, skfmvf pf
jvsk zfu skfmfslvsj kfv iadkIt slWqf rsh. zfmfv dbje nQvd[k
zfmtbfmf, pf nkAHfsh skfmfslv hAfifsv jKf htsh. skfmvf pf jvsk
zfdm kf dtdih jvkfm. (nCvf ufdNqfr 27-29 zfqfk)
945O ( ) {(&._.o )( %cDA )% ( * ([ M. L. (! * (c.K&(3
% ( (%cK. 40 M, .^( % ( * 0* (&.( % )( %} *
Wvf dj msb jsv sp, zfdm Wslv sofib dhNq W mBfv Jhv vfdJ bf?
zhwA vfdJ. zfmfv dIdvfoB skf Wslv dbje sKsj nh djYc dtdih
jsv. (nCvf pcJvI 80 zfqfk)
183
sofib-siadmj hc zfmfv! Hfstfhfnfv bfsm jub lfnDbf kvBDsj

sofisb kfv diftq sKsj shv j'sv sb sjfb ufqofq sjfb mcnDsj
500/1000 efjf dlsq kfv zdHHfhsjv zbcmdk YfVf dhsq idVsq dbsq
Osvv h j'sv kcst zfbst, sn sp skfmfv ubA rftft rsh bf, kf kcdm
ufsbf zKhf mfsbf dj? mrfbhD hstb,
.(($\, !( D( Z
. o* , ?* $\, !( D( Z
. o* , ?* $\, !( D( Z
. o* , ?* K( * &% "( 4A "% * 4A % ~( !, [ * 4% ( %( o, . (AB))
sp bfvD kfv zdHHfhsjv nmdk YfVf dbsu dbsu dhhfr jsv, kfv
dhhfr hfdkt, hfdkt, hfdkt. (zfrmfl 24205, zfhC lfl 2085, dkvdmpD
1102, hsb mfufr 1879, lfsvmD 2184, dmwjfk 3131bQ)
zKGf{, h dbsq nQnfv jvst dyv uDhb hAdHyfv jvf rsh. spmb
hAdHyfv rsh D Kfjsk zfib wftDv siam zdbhGfB vfJsk dosq kfsjW h
jsv Osv zfbst. spmb lfvB iwGjfkv `TfjTfj VV' idvddksk
diaqfv osHG nfb LfvB jvf zhfq sofisb yeXie tf Tfjfv ubA dhsq
idVsq sItf rstW kfsj dbsq nQnfv ShL bq. jfvB, dhhfsrv iCshG hvjsbsj `sjfeGwDi' hf rlsqv zflfb-ialfsbv sjfb ncspfo ntfm slqdb.
zfv snD sjfb `seeX-ivD[f' skf bq. zhwA Hsqv ubA sj zivsj
sjht j Utj slsJ sbWqfv zbcmdk zfsY. kfYfVf mdrtfv oHGfhfq
dhhfr-hb wc rq bf. nfb-ianshv iv dhhfr nHh; pdlW nfb
siadmsjv, pfv nfsK siadmjfv dhhfr rsY. hkGmfb idvshsw dhhfr W
kftfjsj j iajfv `sJtf' msb jvf rstW, zfnst kf dj Lvsbv sjfb
`sJtf' bq. nckvfQ dbsuv sJqft-JcwD zbcpfqD iasqfo jvsk yfst zffrv
dhLfsb kf hfdkt oBA rsh.
susb vfJf Hfstf sp, sufviChGj sjfb kvBDsj dhhfr jvst dhhfr wc rq
bf. spmb jfsvf dhhfdrk Dsj Hfstfshsn kcst sb kfv nmdksm rstW
iChG fmD kftfj bf slWqf ipG hQ kfv zdHHfhj nmdk bf slWqf ipG
dhhfr wc rq bf. kfsj dbsq nQnfv jvst hAdHyfv jvf rq. YfVf HfdU,
shfbdU, n{ mf, wfwcVD iaHdx k ofbf bfvDv nfsK siam W hAdHyfv jvf nhsysq
hV ik!
22. idvBfm dbsq dyf-Hfhbf jv
skfmfslv siam W kfv dhdH ipGfq dbsq sHsh slJ, idvBfm jD rsk ifsv?
zShL lwGsbv ItfIt jD rsk ifsv?
zShL rfdnv idvBfm jD rsk ifsv?
184
zShL siamftfsiv idvBdk jD rsk ifsv?

zShL nf[fskv idvBfm jD?
zShL iwG W dmtsbv idvBdk jD?
mrfbhD hstsYb,
K( (A . ( ( . *o* .V (A . ( ; ( ._ ( , M% m ( K. (A A( .[R ( 4. * 0 ( K. (A A( % ( ))
.((. !.x8o* ). % * .4% p* * +,( .x ( ). ( 0( _()( ((&D% )( .k q* ( * [b K( (A .\P
% 4x (. (
y[csqv hAdHyfv (njfm zShL) lwGb. jBGsqv hAdHyfv (zShL
spZbjKf) wahB, dusHv hAdHyfv (njfm zShL) jKb, rfskv hAdHyfv (njfm
zShL) LfvB hQ ifsqv hAdHyfv (njfm zShL isK) omb. zfv rlq jfmbf
W hfnbf jsv hQ ubsbdlaq kf nkA hf dmKAfq idvBk jsv. (mcndtm
6925, hcJfvD 6243, 6612bQ)
zfv hAdHyfv Oest, kfv idvBdk jD?

osHG nfb sn sost idvBfm jD rsk ifsv?
zdHHfhj dhhfsr nmk bf rst idvBfm jD rsk ifsv?
nmfsuv mfbcsNv jfsY sn sofib siam tcsjfycdvv jKf iajfw sist jD
idvddk rsk ifsv?
syfsvv mskf ifdtsq dhsq jvst idvBfm jD Hqv rsk ifsv?
mf-hfsiv mcsJ ycbjfdt dlsq W hcsj tfdK smsv ifdtsq sost kfslv jD
idvBfm rsk ifsv?
iftfsbf nh bf rst zhf jD rsk ifsv?
mcndtm nvjfsvv rfsk Lvf iVst jD wfd rsk ifsv?
siasm pdl iakfvBf hf iakAfJAfb Kfsj, kfrst jD idvBfm rsk ifsv?
zShL siam jvf zivfL hcUsk sisv lcsqv jub kWhf jvst It jD
rsk ifsv?
nshv Ist jhsv idvBfm jD rsk ifsv?
djqfmk W ufrffsm jD HDNB idvBdk rsk ifsv?
nh dj sHsh slJfv iasqfub sb? bfdj nfmdqj ncsJv zfflb nm
lc}J-jsj Hcdtsq slq? kf dlsk ifsv. ksh kfv lc}J-jsj sHftfsk
ifsv, sp lCvlwGD bq hQ sp zidvBfmlwGD.
idvBfm-lwGsb bfvD sj skf lchGt, kfv iv sn shdw iakfdvk W
[dkoa rsq Kfsj. siasmv zfjNGsB siadmjsj dhwfn j'sv uDhsbv nhdjYc
dhdtsq slWqfv iv iakAfJAfk rst kJb jD idvddk rsk ifsv?
185
nh rfdvsq iakAfJAfk rWqfv iv kWhf jvf pfq, mrfb zffr kWhf jhct
jvskW ifsvb. dj kfv nmfsuv mfbcN sjfbdlb kfv kWhf smsb sbsh bf.
syfsJv ifdb skf jdlb bf jdlb mcsY pfsh, dj jtsv jfdtmf nfvf
uDhb mcYsh bf.
mbW rsk ifsv, ycQofsmv dmkf ycsN dbsq ofmef sIst slsh siadmj.
dhhfsrv nmq htsk ifsv, `lcydvf smsqsj sn nf hQswv h jvsk yfq
bf.' htsk ifsv `skfmfv osHGv nfb sp zfmfv, kfv iamfB jD?' kJb jD
idvBfm rsk ifsv?
Kfbf-icdtw? `hfsO Ycs] t j Of, icdtsw Y]c'st zfEfsvf Of.' kfviv nmq W
zsKGv ziyq. zfsvf jk jD?
spZhsbv mkf W siasmv sbwfq zfY tfqtf-mubc! skfmvf htsk
ifsvf, `zfmfslv zH sjfb idvBfm rsh bf. siasmv sbZjf ifrfsVW yst.'
zfdm hth,
`khc kcdm jhfv Jcdtqf ld[Bfv
hdn hfkfqsb,
nclv dlos yfdr jibfq zhofdr
sHsh slJ msb.'
23. hmcJD [dkv jKf dyf jv
siam nfmdqj ncJ slq, iYl jvf hv hf h slq. dj sjsV sbq zsbj
djYc.
siam rt ut LCsiv mskf, pfv wcv rt zfb dlsq, zfv swN idvBdk
Yf dlsq. kfv mfsU nchfn rt siam-uDhsbv mfsU mfsU djYc zfbl.
Hfthfnf rsY siasmv nCspGflq, zfv dhhfr rsY siasmv nCpGf. zfv siasmv
lDOGwf n, fsbv swN db}wfn.
siam sjsV sbq tf W mfb-nmfb.
`sjb ksh sjsV dbst tfu-zfhvB!
rlsqv fv srsb hfdrsv zfdbst sesb,
swsN dj isKv mfsU jdvsh huGb?
Hfstfhfnf kfW pdl dIsv sbsh swsN
sjb tf sjsV dbst, jfdjbD sYsV dlst
dhwft Hshv mfsU dhhnbf shsw.'
siam sjsV sbq il, yfjdv, zKG W iadkidsj.
186
siam sjsV sbq iVcqfslv iVfswfbf, smLf W hcdmfsj.

siam sjsV sbq wasq hfi W snrmqD mfsj.
siam sjsV sbq snfbfv nQnfvsj. zsbj nmq dbvivfL fmD W nfbsj.
siam sjsV sbq idh Hfstfhfnf W mfqf-mmkfsj.
siam dYdbsq sbq mrfb nafv dbmGt Hfstfhfnf jfoakfmq hflksj.
hvQ zsbj nmq siam sjsV sbq dbsuv uDhbsjW.
k [dkv jKf susbW dj skfmvf [f W dbhx rsh bf tfqtf-mubc?
24. siam-ifotslv lcvhf slsJ dw[f bfW
kcdm siasm isVY. Jb skfmfv rqskf-hf iaKm vqfk. vsk zfwf
jdv hfLf ifY, zfOfk JfY hQ zwa-dhnuGb jvY.
`hdklf wXj rAfq svfkf rAfq djqf,
zfso zfso slsJf srfkf rAfq djqf?'
zShL siam jde wfd, rfvfm mrk jde zfpfh. kcdm zbA siamifotslv slsJ dw[f dbsk ifv.
sjmb kfvf ifot-ifvf.
sjmb kfvf tfrDb mfbrfvf.
sjmb kfvf nmfuycAk, zifMXsq.
sjmb kfvf zfkDq-ubslv mfsU Icstv mftfsk djsq pfWqf Icstv
mskf.
sjmb kfvf siam yfdtsq pfWqfsj durfl W siasmv mvBsj wrDl LfvBf
jsv!
kfslv njt zhf slsJW dj sjfb dw[f W islw oarB jvsh bf?
mb siamsvfoD slJst kcdm zffrv jdvqf zflfq j'sv k]fv jfsY ifbfr
yfW. kcdm ht,
. %
, p U( (`* 5
( %:0 "x 4 % , h* ( %>, w
0 ?* (, !, ** _(!% 0 ", %>, ?* ( %,81 , . % ( *
`zftrfmlc dtf-drfpD zf-If-bD dmmfhkftf-jf dhrD zIfpXp f tfbD zftf
jfNDdvm dmmfb Jftfjf kfIpDtf.'
zKGf{, zffrv pfhkDq iawQnf, dpdb skfmfsj sp hAfdL lfvf ivD[f
jsvsYb, kf sKsj zfmfsj dbvfisl svsJsYb hQ dkdb pf nxd jsvsYb,
kfslv zsbsjv sKsj zfmfsj pKfKG swak lfb jsvsYb. (nrDr dkvdmpD 3/153)
187
siam-ifodtbD tfqtf! jk wk rk-nmfb smsqslv lcvhf slsJ, siasmv

bfsm hAdHyfv hf LNGsBv iv huGb jvf smsqslv jvB idvddk slsJ kcdm
dw[f bfW.
sn smsqslv shrft slsJ dw[f bfW, pfslvsj JbW h hst Djxdk
slWqf rqdb hQ Osv skftf rqdb. pfvf `mf' rsq sosY, dj `hmf' rsk
ifsvdb.
zfv siam-ifotc mubc! kcdm iakfdvk siadmsjv stJf sKsj islw
oarB jv. sp siadmj kfv siasm iahdk W iakAfJAfk rsq kfv YtbfmqD
siadmjfsj dtsJdYt.
mfqfdhbD vf[nD! dY} dY} dY}! tfrDb bfvD! skfmfq hdth zfv jD? sr
YtbfmqD! skfmfv Ytbfv dhibj I]flJfdb kcdtqf tr. bf ufdb
I]fsl jk idKj nhGrfvf rqfsY. vfuf rqfsY vfuArfvf. zfvshv jsqn
rqfsY mubc. nfLc-lvshw rqfsY znQpmwDt zduskdq. stJj
sIdtqfsY jtm. nfLj YfdVqfsY nfLbf.
sr lcLGNAf! skfmfv vi-kvhfdvsk jk hDv icvsNv dhbfw OdeqfsY.
iakfvj jxkO ttbf! Ytbf skfmfv zifv. vf slhD vf stfHD, vf yfsr
idvdyk-zidvdyk, Ov-hfdrsvv nhGub iaDdk. bfvD bfdr rsk yfsr Lc jf
jfsvf, pk iCuf ifq vf yfsr kk zfsvf. rfslv zdk stfHD mb, j
(fmD) ifqf ncJD bsr, j (siadmj) ifqf JcwD bsr, pfsy hub!
iahjf kcdm. skfmfv iahbfq zdk LvBD. isK hnfqfY jksj
jdvqfsY db} IjDv, jkusb mfdvqfY Ytbfv kDv.
vrnAmqD kcdm! skfmfv msbv orDsb sofib vrnA lXOfeb jsv, sn nfLA
jfrfv zfsY? ixdKhDsk nfypG dudbn zfsY. dj zmfypG rt smfdrbDv
mb. skfmfv Yt-zdHmfb ivmfBcv hdwsA dqfwDt Kfsj.
sr nhGbfwD jCdetf! skfmfv Jtkf zfmfv msb-iafsB dhN TfdtqfsY. dbsmsN
jfrfsj j]flfsk ifsvf, zfhfv dbsmsN jfrfsj rfdnv irfv dlqf rfnfsk
ifsvf. skfmfv bJliGsB bsr mb yfkcpG zfsY dj?
dY}! jcrdjbD! nQnfsvv zwfdv mCst vdrqfY kcdm. dhw iajdx ksk skfmfv
iahfdrk Udejfq jk kvhsvv mCstf{ifeb rq! jcvs[sv pc hfsL
skfmfv jfvsB.
sr YxJt, spZhb-mflbfq mfdlbD jie siam-ifodtbD ydvrDbf!
kcdm dj zfmfsj skfmfv mfqfv Ytuft rsk mcd dlsh? skfmfv rlq
jfvfofv rsk pfhDhb jfvfl mfuGbf jdvqf dbjdx k lfb jdvsh?
188
25. dbu dhhfdrk ucdV dbsq n Kfsjf

Hfthfnf jv fmDv nfsK. Hfstfhfnf jv Dv nfsK. Hfthfnfv Ffdt Jfdt
j'sv lfW kfv jfsY. zfv susb svsJf, ìajdx kok Hfthfnf jmf
Hfthfnf, pf mfbdnj zfwf-zfjf[fsj iakfdvk jsv bf.'
Hsq Hqsj spmb sisqY, skmbef skfmfslv HfoA, kfsk Hsqv
mt zfsY. kf dbsq Hqsj n Kfjsk rsh. ef mcndtm lidkv
dhwfn, ef rt LmG.
rqskf sjfb jfvsB msbfmfdtbA rst zsbAv dlsj mb yst spsk ifsv,
khcW dbsuv hLkfv nDmf tQOb jvf skf pfsh bf.
syf jv smsb W mfdbsq ytfv bDdk dbsq nQnfv mLcv vfJfv. iasqfusb
zdHbq jsvW dhsLq siam hufq vfJf zfhwAj. bsy{ ufsbf skf, wqkfsbv
zsbj hV jfu rt, hL Hfstfhfnfv hbsj LQn jvf.
nckvfQ fmD-Dv mfsU Hfstfhfnfv dhswN iadkiftb jv. spsrkc
Hfstfhfnf rt Instv mskf. pk dbst nsku Kfjsh. zfv zhsrtf jvst
djsq pfsh.
zfsifsnv l dmdesq sItfv syf jv. fmD hV, kf Dv dyk sYfe
rWqf hQ fmDv hL zfslswv zfbcokA jvf. fmDv mb-mskf ytf hQ
sjfb dhNsq kfv msbv dhivDk so]f hf sul bf Lvf.
spZb-nQf dhNq rst zbA rftft ifsq dbsuslv spZb-diifnf dbhfvB
jvsh hQ HcstW spb hAfifsv sj jfsj j slsh bf. pfsk nD
zbAfn rsq bf isV hQ kfsj huGb j'sv dhlfq bf sbq.
26. hfdrAj zhfq sL]fjf sJsqf bf
sjfb pchsjv vi slsJ sL]fjf sJsqf bf shfbde! siadmjfv syfsJ siadmj
rt jmf dhwnclv.
sjfb kvBDv vi slsJ sLfjf sJsqf bf hc! siadmsjv syfsJ siadmjf rt
jmf dhwnclvD.
dj sn skf zfshsov sJqft, hfh bq. kfYfVf Db W ydv bf slsJ
sjht vsi msu sost nQnfv sp ncsJv rsh, kf sHshf bf. jfvB, yjXyjX
jvst snfbf rq bf. j]fy bf jfb kf pfyf-hfYf jvf fbD mfbcsNv jfu.
iv Icstv snZvH W vsiv soZvh j'dlsbv ubA? kf zsvv snZlpG slJf
dyk. zfv ndkAjfsvv sn snZlpG jifstv lc'de syfJ dlsq bq, hvQ mb W
189
fsbv oHDv lxd dlsq slJf nHh. zkh sn mb pdl dbqB bf jvsk
ifv, kfrst kcdm `f dtfr--' iV. zfv susb svsJf sp, mb snZlpG, Db
W sBv zdLjfdvBD pchkD sjfb dlb tcsjfycdv j'sv skfmfv nfsK siam jvsk
zfnsh bf.
zfv susb svsJf tfqtf! snZlpG, Db W sBv zdLjfvD pchj sjfb dlb
tcsjfycdv j'sv skfmfv nfsK siam jvsk zfnsh bf.
D rt uDhsbv dyvndbD. nQnfsv pk vjsmv nil W Lb mfbcN ifq,
kfv msLA icBAmqD D rt nh yfsk hV W swa Lb. ncJ W lc}sJv nmq
nfsKv nfKD D. D W nfKD dbhGfyb jvsk rst msbv zfsho W
iyDqmfb spZhsbv siam W jfmbf fvf bq; hvQ dhshj W mb fvf Db W
ydv slsJ sHsh-dys dbhGfyb jvsk rq. kfrst idvswsN Ejsk W
ifsk rq bf.
jfsvf syfsJv zwav jKf htY? ksh susb svsJf sp, smsqslv syfJ sKsj
lc' vjsmv zwa Usv Kfsj; jde lc}sJv, zbAde Ytbfv. zfv efW skfmfv
mb W siasmv zfsho dlsq bq, hvQ iafv dhshj dlsq hcUsk rsh.
siam-dhrt hc zfmfv! iCshG hstdY, nfosvv mk bfvD Ffov dudbn.
bfvDsj sYfe W lchGt sHshf bf. nmc-ijCst l]fdVsq mrfnmcsv pkecjc slJf
pfq, dEj sjfb bfvDv kkecjc zQw slJf nHh rq. bfvD lcsGq, zsuq
bfvDv mb. zfv zfmfv msb rq sp, kcdm dbyq dloXdhuqD hDv bW.
27. siasmv hAfifsv Hct LfvBf lCv jv
1. siam-ifodtbD tfqtf! uDhsbv iaKm yfWqfsk Hfstf hst pfsj kcdm
Hftshsn msbv jfsY sisqY, sn skfmfsj Hfthfnsh hQ sn YfVf skfmfsj
zfv sj Hfthfnsh bf hf zfv sj skfmfv jlv jvsh bf---mb LfvBf
Hct. `Hfstf sj? pfv msb tfso sp.' skfmfv mubcv sysq zfsvf Hfstf
mubc sisk ifsvf. nckvfQ dhhfsrv mfLAsmW siammq W Bhfb nD ifsh.
ksh zShLHfsh Wv siYsb sjb?
siam-slWqfbf mubc! uDhsbv iaKm yfWqfsk Hfstf hst pfsj kcdm
Hfstfshsn msbv jfsY sisqY, sn skfmfsj Hfstfhfnsh hQ sn YfVf
skfmfsj zfv sj Hfstfhfnsh bf, hf zfv sj skfmfv jlv jvsh bf--mb LfvBf Hct. `Hfstf sj? pfv msb tfso sp.' skfmfv tfqtfv sysq
zfsvf Hfstf tfqtf sisk ifv. nckvfQ dhhfsrv mfLAsmW siammqD W BhkD
ndbD ifsh. ksh zShLHfsh Wv siYsb sjb?
190
ixdKhDv jk wkfQw mfbcN siam j'sv dhsq jsv? kfvf dj ncJD bq?
kfslv dj sn Hfstfhfnf rq bf, pf siam j'sv dhsqv mfLAsm rsq Kfsj?
htsh, `svfsiv stfsjvf shw ncsJ zfsY, zKy kfslv iafq nhfv siamHfthfnfq sq j'sv dhsq.'
deW skfmfv zbdH LfvBfiank
C jKf. kfslv siam-Odek Jcb, zfkrkAf
W dhhfr-dhsYslv Jhv bfW, kfviv kfslv ncsJv jKf sHshf. kfvjf lCv
sKsj zfjfsw t tfso. dj kfv iyfsk zfsY ObOef zjfv.
2. siam rt [dBsjv mfbdnj ncJ. mfbcNsj h]fysk rst jef sbwf dbsq
h]fysk rq. zfv sn sbwfsk sn msbv mfsU yvm kxd tfH j'sv Kfsj.
zhwA zhcU mb kJb ShL-zShsLv mfsU ifKGjA dbBGq jvsk n[m rq bf.
dj Hsqv mfsU spb shsrD ncsJv zfsmu zbcHh j'sv Kfsj. pk hAKf
zfsn, njt hAKf spb diaqfv nf[fsk zKhf nvsB lCvDHCk rsq pfq.
`nfhfn hdt divDk-sbwf srkc kcdm njt ncsJv,
pk Hcdo svfso swfsj, hdlA kcdm njt lcsJv.'
susb svsJf, siasmv nhdjYc zdkvdk. zdkvb jsv zsbsj hst
Kfsj,
`siam-Jfkfsk jhfv sp
dtdJqf dlqfsY bfmde kfv,
bf iasqfub soG kfrfv
bvj doqfsY lCsvv ifv!'
siadmj hc zfmfv! mb Hcsqf hcdtsk sLfjf sJsq lcdbqfsk jdik
shsrX sJ]fufv zShL hxKf syf jsvf bf. jfvB, siam [dBsjv oG rstW msb
svsJf sp, siasmv zfbl Kfsj i[B, zfv kfv shlbf Kfsj nfvfde uDhb.
siam mfbcNsj wfd slq, dj d slq bf. siam rt LCsiv mk; pfv zfvH
rq ut zfb dlsq, zfv swN idvBdk rq Yf dlsq.
28. zfknmfbshfL ufodvk jv
iaskAj mfbcsNv jef mpGflf zfsY. bfm jvf hQw bf rstW ntfm rt
nhfv yfsk hV hQw. nckvfQ sn mpGflf v[fv lfdqk iaskAj mfbcsNv.
siamufst zfh rsq dbsusj tfbfv mcsJ sEst slWqf fbD mcndtmmcndtmfv jfu rsk ifsv bf.
skfmfv siamsj skfmfv siadmj iakAfJAfb jvsk ifsv, skfmfv siadmjf
iakAfJAfb jvsk ifsv. kfsk dj skfmfv zfkmpGflfv rfdb rq bf?
191
skfmfv siamsj skfmfv siadmsjv hfdVv stfj znmfb jvsk ifsv. kfsk
dj skfmfv nmfsb hfLsh bf?
skfmfslv siamsj nmfu OxBfv syfsJ slJsh. kfsk dj skfmfv mfb-mpGflfq
zfOfk tfosh bf?
zShL siam-Hfstfhfnfv Ist kcdm mrfb iadkiftsjv dbje sYfe rsq pfsh.
kfsk dj kcdm dbsuv jfsY sYfe rsq pfsh bf?
siam-Hfstfhfnfv uDhb j swaBDv lfnskv uDhb. sn uDhb dj skfmfsj
zimfdbk jvsh bf?
zhwA kcdm pdl zfso sKsj dbsusj rDb W kcY LfvBf jv, kfrst pfv
mfb sb, kfv zfhfv zimfb djsnv? zfv pfv dbsuv zfknmfb sb, kfv
dbje zisvvW nmfb sb.
dj pfslv mpGflfv zbcHdC k zfsY, kfvf sjfbdlb siam bfmj tfbfv uDhb
shsY sbsh bf.
v yfsk hV tfbf W rDbkf zfv jD rsk ifsv sp, jub ziv usbv
sJtfv ickt
c rsq pfsh. sn spmb htsh, skmdb ytsh. sn st ncJD rsh, bf
st j ifsh. sn bf rst kfv h]fyf jdEb rsq pfsh. kfv dhdbmsq nfvf
lcdbqf sistW sn ifWqf spb djYc bq. kfsj zuGb jvsk dbsuv mfhfhfsjW jcvhfbD slWqf pfsh, hQwDq mpGflfsjW illdtk jvf pfsh!
rt zfkmpGflfni mfbcsNv ubA yvm rDbkf, yvm zimfb.
`jcusbv bfdr tfu bfdr zimfb,
ncusbv j jKf mvB nmfb.'
29. msb vfsJf, rfwv rsh diasqv nfsK
pfsj Hfstfhfsnf kcdm, skfmfv rfwv rsh kfv nfsK, kfv lst. nckvfQ
Hfstfhfnfv jfvB W mfbcN pdl Hfstf rq, kfrst Hfstf hQ sn
HfstfhfnfW Hfstf. zfv kf bf rst Jfvfsiv nfsK skfmfv zhfb rsh
djqfmskv mqlfsb.
zfbfn hsb mfstj hstb, j hAd vfnCtc fr -sj dusn jvt,
`sr zffrv vnCt! djqfmk jsh Oesh?' dkdb kfsj dusn jvstb, kcdm
v ubA jD iad k dbsqY? sn htt, `zffr W k]fv vnCstv Hfstfhfnf.'
dkdb htstb,
.(( (% (Z
% %:"( (^"( (% ))
kcdm pfsj Hfstfhfn, kfv nfKD rsh. (hcJfvD 3688, mcndtm 6878bQ)
192
hsb mfnl hstb, j hAd sn vfnCtc fr -sj dusn jvt,

`sr zffrv vnCt! sjfb hAd sjfb nialfqsj Hfstfhfsn, dj (zfmst)
kfslv nmj[ rsk ifsvdb.' vfnCtc fr htstb,
.(( 0kZ
( %:"( (^"( .N4% * ))
mfbcN pfsj Hfstfhfsn, sn kfv nfKD rsh. (hcJfvD 6168-6169, mcndtm
6888bQ)
htf hftA, pdl Jfvfi jfsj Hfstfshsn Kfsjf, kfrst kWhf jv hQ

mvsBv iCshG lt idvhkGb j'sv bfW. jfsIv hf zn{ ydvsv mfbcsNv
Hfstfhfnf sKsj dbsuv mbsj Lcsq-mcsY idh j'sv bfW. bsy{ hcUsk
ifvY, kfv nfsK rfwv rst, kfv sp rft rsh, skfmfvW kf rsh.
30. tf jv tf
siam-Hfstfhfnfv zfil-hftf lCv jvsk tf jv. kcdm dbtG W Lx
rst siamsvfo sKsj ifvsh bf h]fysk. jfvB zShL siasmv zfof-sofVf rt
tfrDbkf.
kcdm sTmb smsqsj dufnf jv, `r]f sTmb skfv tfu sjmb?' kJb sn
sv htsh, `tfu Kfjst zfhfv r sTmb.' mcsJ bf htstW kfv zfjxdkiajdx k, Hfh-Hd, ytb-zfyvB sn jKf htsh.
kfvf hst, `djsnv tf djsnv Hq, siam-divDsk nh nq.'
nckvfQ kcdm tfwDtkf hufq vfJ. tfv mfKf sJsqf bf. zShL siamHfstfhfnfv jfu, `mfb, tf, Hq, dkb Kfjsk bq.'
dj pfslv tf-wvm sb, kfslv sjfb sbfQvf hf zwDt jfsu hfsL bf.
kfvf pfsY kf jvsk ifsv.
mrfbhD hstb,
.(((Y% v, "( %^(% ?* A>% _(% U( %c* (AB , &0 .n A * h* %:", . 0 * L( % *0 ", 0AB))
iaKm bhczskv hfBDnmCsrv pf stfsjvf sisqsY kfv msLA jde hfBD
sp, skfmfv tf bf Kfjst pf mb kf jv. (zfrmfl 17090, hcJfvD 3484,
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