j CR

j j

, 2011.

Abstract

10

11

12

17

J-j

21

CR CR j

22

30

40

10 h(X, Y )
h(JX, Y ) = Jh(X, Y )

43

11 j

50

12 j -

55

61


j M n- j p,
M J. J-j Hx (M ) = JTx (M ) Tx (M )
Tx (M ) j x M , M
CR j Hx (M )
CR j M . j CR j M j n1
, M
2
CR CR j.
j CR CR j j
. j
j j j , CR CR
j.
CR CR j, M : j j
, h M h(JX, Y )
= Jh(X, Y ); X, Y T (M ), j j
-. , j j M , j.
.
j j ,
[17], [16], [2], [13] [20].

Abstract
Let M be an n-dimensional submanifold of real codimension p of a complex manifold M with n almost complex structure J. If the maximal J-invariant subspace
Hx (M ) = JTx (M ) Tx (M ) of the tangent space Tx (M ) has constant dimension for
any x M , then M is called a CR submanifold and the constant complex dimension
of Hx (M ) is called the CR dimension of M . We say that M is a CR submanifold of
maximal CR dimension if the CR dimension of M equals n1
.
2
A typical example of a CR submanifold of maximal CR dimension is a real
hypersurface. Hereby we may expect to generalize some results which are valid in a
real hypersurface to a CR submanifold of maximal CR dimension.
In this paper we study the next four conditions on a CR submanifold of maximal
CR dimension, M , that is, the shape operator of the distinguished normal is parallel,
the second fundamental form of M satisfies h(JX, Y ) = Jh(X, Y ); X, Y T (M ),
the shape operator of the distinguished normal is umbilical and -umbilical. Also,
we assume that an ambient manifold M is a complex space form, i. e. a Kaehler
manifold of the constant holomorphic sectional curvature.
The motivation for studying the above conditions were the results that are obtained on real hypersurfaces in complex space forms which are given in the papers
[17], [16], [2], [13] and [20].


j CPn
CHn -jj
j. 1963. j
CPn CHn [23] . J. j
A CPn j k A k2 4(n1), j
CPn j [12]. j
1973. j
, j j j
A1 , A2 , B, C, D E [22]. j
2, 3 5 [23].
[5].
A1 - j A2 - j
CPk CPn , 1 k n2 , j j
[7]. [11] je e
j j CPn j j
, j jjj
CPn . [10] j j CPn .
j CPn j j
[6], CHn j j j
() [1], j j .
U U = J, j j J
, j j
. j j j j U
A , - j
. J. j j j j
U [12]. .
J. j j j j
CPn j j j
h(JX, Y ) = Jh(X, Y ), X Y ,
J h, CPn [13].
j
CPn . CHn [1]. j
CHn j .
j j CPn CHn ,
. j ,
. j j U ,
U . j -j
U , j j - [16], [2].
j (M , J, g) (n + p)- , j
M n- CR CR j M ,
g. x M , Tx (M ) Tx (M )
4

 M x. j dim(JTx (M )Tx (M )) =
n 1, j j j , M , j
JT (M ) T (M ) span{}, {, a , a },
a {1, .., q}, q = p1
, T (M ) , j a = Ja .
2
j ,
j CR CR j,
j . j
CR
CR j . j,
[17], [16], [2], [13] [20]. [17]
j j j
j
. [20] j
. [16] [2]
j -
, j [13] j
j .
1 2, , j j
j . 3 j , j j j j ,
j j . 4, 5 6 ,
j, j j , J-j- . 7 j j j CR CR j, j .
j j
, 8 j j

j .
9 j , 9.2
9.3, j j j j , j j .
10, 10.5 j 10.2, j j
h(JX, Y ) = Jh(X, Y ); X, Y T (M ). j j j
j .
j, 11, 11.4, j CR
CR j
j , . 12, j CR
- CR j, j. j j ,
-.

j , j , j j
j j . j
j, ,
j j j .

, 2010. .

j 1.1 j D n-
Cn j f j f : D C. f je
z0 , j
1
lim {f (z01 , . . . , z0i + h, . . . , z0n ) f (z01 , . . . , z0i , . . . , z0n )}.
h0 h

(1)

(1) ci , (1) je
f (z01 , . . . , z0i + h, . . . , z0n ) f (z01 , . . . , z0i , . . . , z0n ) hci = i (h)|h|,

(2)

h 0 i (h)
0.

je z i = xi + 1y i h = t + 1s. n-
(z 1 , . . . , z n ) Cn 2n- (x1 , y 1 , . . . , xn , y n )
R2n , j R2n 2n- .
j (2) je
f (x10 , y01 , . . . , xi0 + t, y0i + s . . . , xn0 , y0n ) f (x10 , y01 , . . . , xi0 , y0i , . . . , xn0 , y0n )

= ci (t + 1s) + i (t, s) t2 + s2 .

je ci = ai + 1bi , i = i + 1 i f = u + 1v,
j j

u(x10 , y01 , . . . , xi0 + t, y0i + s, . . . , xn0 , y0n ) + 1v(x10 , . . . , xi0 + t, y0i + s, . . . , y0n )

u(x10 , y01 , . . . , xi0 , y0i , . . . , xn0 , y0n ) 1v(x10 , y01 , . . . , xi0 , y0i , . . . , xn0 , y0n )

= (ai t bi s) + 1(ai s + bi t) + t2 + s2 ( i + 1 i ),

u(x10 , y01 , . . . , xi0 + t, y0i + s, . . . , xn0 , y0n ) u(x10 , y01 , . . . , xi0 , y0i , . . . , xn0 , y0n )

= a i t bi s + t2 + s 2 i ,
v(x10 , y01 , . . . , xi0 + t, y0i + s, . . . , xn0 , y0n ) v(x10 , y01 , . . . , xi0 , y0i , . . . , xn0 , y0n )

= ai s + bi t + t2 + s2 i .
, h 0 (h) 0 je t 0
s 0 0 0. je u v
j
j.
je f = u + 1v j. h = t 0, je
u 1 1
(x0 , y0 , . . . , xi0 , y0i , . . . , xn0 , y0n ) = ai ,
i
x
v 1 1
(x0 , y0 , . . . , xi0 , y0i , . . . , xn0 , y0n ) = bi .
i
x
7

, h = s 0,
u 1 1
(x , y , . . . , xi0 , y0i , . . . , xn0 , y0n ) = bi ,
y i 0 0
v 1 1
(x0 , y0 , . . . , xi0 , y0i , . . . , xn0 , y0n ) = ai .
i
y
, j f j, u v j
- j:
v u
v
u
= i,
= i.
i
i
x
y y
x

(3)

j 1.2 je : D Cn
(z 1 , . . . , z n ) = (w1 , . . . , wn ).
je je i, wi = i (z 1 , . . . , z n ) z j ,
j {1, . . . , n}.
j 1.3 M - j n, :
1) j {U }A M : U
(U ) Cn , .
2) U U je U U 6= ,
- f = 1 : (U U ) (U U ) f = 1 : (U U )
(U U ) .
{(U , )}A .
j 1.1 n- Cn je -.
j 1.2 .
je S 2 = {(x, y, z) R3 |x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1}. je U1 = S 2 {n}
U2 = S 2 {s}, je n = (0, 0, 1) s = (0, 0, 1).
1 : U1 C 2 : U2 C

x 1y
x + 1y
, 2 (x, y, z) =
.
1 (x, y, z) =
1z
1+z

y
x
je w = u + 1v C. u = 1z
, v = 1z
x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1, j
z=

2u
2v
u2 + v 2 1
, x= 2
,y= 2
.
2
2
2
u +v +1
u +v +1
u + v2 + 1

, j
11 (w) = 11 (u +

1v) = (

2u
2v
u2 + v 2 1
,
,
),
u2 + v 2 + 1 u2 + v 2 + 1 u2 + v 2 + 1
8

 j je
2 11 (w) =

u
v
1

1
=
.
u2 + v 2
u2 + v 2
w

, 2 11 je . j
je 1 21 .
j 1.3 j CPn .
z = (z 1 , . . . , z n ) w = (w1 , . . . , wn ) Cn {0}.
je w z j j je w = z.
je j j j Cn {0}.
j je Cn {0}/ j
Cn {0}.
je U = {[(z 1 , . . . , z , . . . , z n )]| z 6= 0}. :
U Cn
([(z 1 , . . . , z , . . . , z n )]) = (

z1
z 1 z +1
zn
,
.
.
.
,
,
,
.
.
.
,
).
z
z
z
z

je
1 (w1 , . . . , wn ) = [(w1 , . . . , w1 , 1, w , . . . , wn )]

1 (z 1 , . . . , z n ) = (

z1
z 1 1 z
z 1 z +1
zn
,
.
.
.
,
,
,
,
.
.
.
,
,
,
.
.
.
,
).
z
z z z
z
z
z

, 1 je j
je .
j 1.4 CHn j -.
j 1.4 je (U, ) - M. j f : U C je je f 1 :
(U ) C .
j 1.5 M N (U, ) - x M. :
M N je x M
(V, 0 ) N (x) V (U ) V , 0 1 :
(U ) 0 (V ) je .
j 1.6 M M0 , :
1) M je M0 j .
2) j : M M0 je .
9

je M n- . j

(z 1 , . . . , z n ) (x1 , y 1 , . . . , xn , y n ), je
z i = xi + 1y i , i {1, . . . , n}, M 2n- j .
x M, {( x 1 )x , ( y 1 )x , . . . , ( xn )x , ( yn )x } je Tx (M)
M. i {1, . . . , n} je
Jx (

)x = ( i )x , Jx ( i )x = ( i )x .
i
x
y
y
x

Jx je Jx : Tx (M) Tx (M).
Jx j . j J, j j x j Jx
.
j 2.1 j M M j J : T (M)
T (M) j J 2 = Id, j Id
. J .
j 2.1 j je j.
j jj
-j j . j .
S 4 j .
j N
N (X, Y ) = J[X, Y ] [JX, Y ] [X, JY ] J[JX, JY ]; X, Y T (M).
2.1 je (M, J) . M j
J je
M je j N j .

10

j 3.1 je (M, J) .
g M
g(X, Y ) = g(JX, JY ),

(4)

X, Y T (M), g .
(M, J) g
.
3.1 j j (M, J) j
- .
. (M, J) j g 0 . je
1
g(X, Y ) = {g 0 (X, Y ) + g 0 (JX, JY )}.
2
g je .
je (M, J, g) . 2-
(X, Y ) = g(JX, Y ),

(5)

X, Y T (M).
3.1 je 2-, j
(X, Y ) = (Y, X).
. (X, Y ) = g(JX, Y ) = g(J 2 X, JY ) = g(X, JY ) = g(X, JY ) =
(Y, X).
j 3.2 j (M, J, g) j
d = 0, (M, J, g) , a g
.
3.2 (M, J, g)
je X J = 0, X T (M).
j 3.1 Cn , j n, je -.
j 3.2 j CPn je -.
j 3.3 CHn j -.

11

je M n- (n+p)-
(M, g) je : M M j, j.
dx : Tx (M) T(x) (M) j j, x M .
g M g(X, Y ) = g(X, Y ).
g g.
j T (M) M j
M M, j. T (M) = T (M) T (M).
j j
X Y = X Y + h(X, Y ).

(6)

j (6) M.
j 4.1 j j (6) M.
. j , (6) j j
f1 X+f2 Y Z = f1 X+f2 Y Z + h(f1 X + f2 Y, Z),

f1 X Z + f2 Y Z = f1 X+f2 Y Z + h(f1 X + f2 Y, Z),

j
f1 (X Z + h(X, Z)) + f2 (Y Z + h(Y, Z)) = f1 X+f2 Y Z + h(f1 X + f2 Y, Z).
j j j j, j
f1 X+f2 Y Z = f1 X Z + f2 Y Z.
, j
X (Y + Z) = X (Y + Z) + h(X, Y + Z),

X (Y ) + X (Z) = X (Y + Z) + h(X, Y + Z),

j
X Y + h(X, Y ) + X Z + h(X, Z) = X (Y + Z) + h(X, Y + Z).
j j j j, j
X Y + X Z = X (Y + Z).
12

,
X (f1 Y ) = X f1 Y + h(X, f1 Y ),

f1 X Y + X(f1 )Y = X f1 Y + h(X, f1 Y ),
j
f1 (X Y + h(X, Y )) + X(f1 )Y = X f1 Y + h(X, f1 Y ).
j j j j, j
f1 X Y + X(f1 )Y = X f1 Y.
.
f1 f2 j j M,
j M, X, Y Z
M.
.
j 4.2 j -
g.
. j - g,
j T j j , j.
T (X, Y ) = X Y Y X [X, Y ] = 0.
j (6) j
X Y + h(X, Y ) Y X h(Y, X) [X, Y ] = 0.
j j j X Y Y X [X, Y ] = 0, j
T (X, Y ) = 0. J j .
j M, j
X(g(Y, Z)) = (X)(g(Y, Z)) = g(X Y, Z) + g(Y, X Z).
, j
X(g(Y, Z)) = (X g)(Y, Z) + g(X Y, Z) + g(Y, X Z)
= (X g)(Y, Z) + g(X Y, Z) + g(Y, X Z)
= (X g)(Y, Z) + g(X Y, Z) + g(Y, X Z).
j j, j j
(X g)(Y, Z) = 0,
13


X g = 0.
, j .
j 4.3 h : T (M) T (M) T (M) j
(6) je .
h .
j M je j p, p - 1 , . . . , p , , M.
h :
h(X, Y ) =

p
X

hi (X, Y )i ,

i=1

j hi (X, Y ) : X (U ) X (U ) F(U ) ,
F(U ) j j U , X (U ) -j U U jj
1 , . . . , p .
T (M) j j j
X = A (X) + DX .

(7)

j 4.4
(1) (X, ) 7 A (X), (X, ) T (M) T (M), A (X) T (M), je
.
(2) T (M) j g(A (X), Y ) = g(h(X, Y ), ),
X, Y T (M). , A je j T (M)
g.
.
(1) X je . , f F (M ),
j
X (f ) = (Xf ) + f X = (Xf ) f (A (X)) + f DX ,
(7). ,
X (f ) = Af (X) + DX (f ).
j j, j
Af (X) = f A (X) , DX (f ) = (Xf ) + f DX .
j f X (), j je
A (f X) = f A (X) , Df X = f DX .
14

 je je A (X) .
(2) Y T (M), j g(Y, ) = 0. j
, j
g(X Y, ) + g(Y, X ) = 0, X T (M).
j, j j (6) (7) j je
g(X Y + h(X, Y ), ) + g(Y, A (X) + DX ) = 0.
je
g(X Y, ) = 0

g(Y, DX ) = 0,

g(h(X, Y ), ) = g(Y, A (X)) = g(Y, A (X)),

je .
A j (7) .
j 4.5 D j (7) j T (M).
.
j 4.4 j
DX (f ) = (Xf ) + f DX

Df X = f DX ,
f F (M), X T (M), T (M).
J j .
X, Y T (M); , T (M), j
DX+Y = X+Y + A (X + Y )
= X + Y + A (X) + A (Y )
= DX + DY ,
, j
DX ( + ) = X ( + ) + A+ (X)
= X () + X () + A (X) + A (X)
= DX () + DX (),
15

j j ,
A (7).
, D j T (M).
, , T (M) j
X = A (X) + DX , X = A (X) + DX ,
X T (M).
,
g(DX , ) + g(, DX ) = g(X , ) + g(, X )
= Xg(, ).
j D T (M).
D M.

16

je (M, J, g) .
j 5.1 je Sx (M) Tx (M),
x M. je Sx (M) JSx (M) J-j Tx (M).
.
je X Sx (M) JSx (M). , X Sx (M) JX JSx (M).
, X JSx (M), j Y Sx (M) je JY = X. ,
JX = J 2 Y = Y Sx (M). JX Sx (M) JSx (M), je
je Sx (M)JSx (M) J-j Tx (M).
j 5.1 Hx (M) = JTx (M) Tx (M) - M.
j 5.2 Hx (M) je J-j Tx (M).
.
j 5.1 j je Hx (M)
Tx (M). je Tx0 (M) J-j Tx (M),
j. j JTx0 (M) Tx0 (M). X Tx0 (M) Tx (M), JX
JTx0 (M) Tx0 (M). je JX = Y , je X = J 2 X = JY JTx0 (M)
JTx (M). X JTx (M), X Hx (M). je
je Tx0 (M) Hx (M), je .
Tx (M) je Rx (M) = Tx (M)/Hx (M).
j 5.3 JRx (M) Rx (M) = {0}.
j 5.4 Tx (M) = Hx (M) Rx (M).
j 5.5 je M n-
(M, J) j n + p. j
n p dimR Hx (M) n.

(8)

.
Hx (M) Tx (M) j j dimR Hx (M) dimTx (M) = n. ,
Tx (M) JTx (M) T(x) (M) j j
dimR T(x) (M) dimTx (M) + dimJTx (M) dimR Hx (M),
j
n + p 2n dimR Hx (M).
, dimR Hx (M) n p, j .
5.1 0 dimR Rx (M) p.
17

j 5.1 j
M = {z Cn | |z| = 1, Imz n = 0}
n
X
2n
1 1
n n
= {(x , y , . . . , x , y ) R |
((xi )2 + (y i )2 ) = 1, y n = 0}.
i=1

j dimM = 2n 2, p = 2 yn je M. j 5.5
j 2n 4 dimR Hx (M) 2n 2. j p1
z 1 = z 2 = = z n2 = 0, z n1 = 1, z n = 0, j. R2n , p1
x1 = y 1 = = xn2 = y n2 = 0, xn1 = 1, y n1 = xn = y n = 0.

j M p1 . ,
xn1
Tp1 (M) = span{

, 1 , . . . , n2 , n2 , n1 , n }
1
x y
x
y
y
x

J(

) = n , J( n1 ) = n1
n
x
y
y
x

Tp1 (M). Rp1 (M) = span{ yn1

, xn }

Hp1 (M) = span{ x 1 , y 1 , . . . , xn2 , yn2

}. , dimR Hp1 (M) = 2n 4.
p2 z 1 = 0, . . . , z n1 = 0, z n = 1
, j. x1 = y 1 = = xn1 = y n1 = 0, xn = 1, y n = 0.

yn M p2 . J( x i ) = y i J( y i ) = x i ,
xn
j JTp2 (M) = Tp2 (M), Hp2 (M) = Tp2 (M) dimR Hp2 (M) = 2n 2.

j j Hp (M) p M.
j 5.2 [3] Hp (M) j p M,
M -
CR . j CR j M.
j 5.2 J-j CR CR
j n2 .
j M (M, J) j
JTx (M) Tx (M), x M. j Hx (M) = Tx (M) dimR Hx (M)
= n. j M j
J j J 0 .
Tx (M) je j J, j j JX =
J 0 X X = J 2 X = JJ 0 X = J 02 X. , J 02 X = X dimR (M) j
j.
j 5.3 CR CR j
18

n1
.
2

j 5.4 CR .
j x M j Hx (M) = {0}, M
.
j n p dimR Hx (M) = 0.
j 5.3 [3] M CR j
j (, ) j Jx =

x J
x Tx (M), x M.
j 5.6 j M CR , j M CR
j 5.2.
.
j j x = Hx (M). , j X Hx (M)
X
/ x , X , j
j. , JiX Tx (M), j j X
Hx (M). j j, dimx je . j
.
j j CR j
j 5.6 j .

n1
,
2

X T (M), JX j j, j.
JX = F X + (X),

(9)

j F : T (M) T (M) : T (M) T (M).

j 5.7 j M CR , - F j F 3 + F = 0 rankF = dim. ,
F j F 3 + F = 0 j rankF , M j CR
.
.
j M CR X T (M). j
X = X1 + X2 , j X1 , X2 . , j (X1 ) = 0
F X2 = 0. ,
X1 = J 2 X1 = F 2 X1 + (F X1 )

X2 = J 2 X2 = J(X2 ).
A j j j,
j
F 2 X1 = X1 , (F X1 ) = 0.
19

 j JF X1 = F 2 X1 T (M) F X1 . , j
J 2 X = JF X1 + J(X2 ) = F 2 X1 X2 = (F 2 X1 X2 ).
J 3 X = J(F 2 X1 X2 ) = F (F 2 X1 X2 ) + (F 2 X1 X2 ) = F 3 X1 (X2 ).
, j
F 3 X = F 3 X1 + F 3 X2 = F 3 X1

(X) = (X1 ) + (X2 ) = (X2 ).

j
J 3 X = JX = F X (X) = F 3 X (X).
, F j j F 3 + F = 0 rankF = dim.
, F j F 3 + F = 0 rankF = r, j r
. j = {X T (M)|F X = 0} = {X T (M)|g(X, Y ) =
0, Y }. j, j, J T (M) g(JX, Y ) = g(X, JY ) =
g(X, (Y )) = 0. j j JX , j J = .

20

J-j

j M J-j (M, J, g),

J j g j . j 5.2,
J j J 0 M .
6.1 j M J-j ,
j T (M), J T (M).
.
j j
0 = g(X, ) = g(JX, J) = g(J 0 X, J).
j J 0 : T (M) T (M) , Y
T (M) j X T (M) j Y = J 0 X. j
j Y T (M), g(Y, J) = 0, J T (M).
6.1 J-j j .
.
j JY = J 0 Y j X J = 0,
j M, j
JX Y = X (J 0 Y ) + h(X, J 0 Y ),
M . j
j (6) j j
J(X Y + h(X, Y )) = (X J 0 )Y + J 0 X Y + h(X, J 0 Y ),

J 0 X Y + Jh(X, Y ) = (X J 0 )Y + J 0 X Y + h(X, J 0 Y ).
j j, j j
Jh(X, Y ) = h(X, J 0 Y )

(10)

j X J 0 = 0, j j (M, J 0 ) .

21

CR CR j

j M CR CR j, j. j
x M j dim(JTx (M)Tx (M)) = n1. j j M j j j x M
j JTx (M) Tx (M) span{x }. , X T (M) j
JX = F X + u(X),

(11)

u 1- M.
j 7.1 F : T (M) T (M) j
-.
.
X T (M) Y T (M), j
g(JX, Y ) = g(F X + u(X), Y ) = g(F X, Y ) = g(F X, Y ),
j j (11).
, j
g(JX, Y ) = g(J 2 X, JY ) = g(X, JY ) = g(X, F Y + u(Y ))
= g(X, F Y ) = g(X, F Y ),
j (11) j g .
j j j, j j
g(F X, Y ) = g(X, F Y ),
j .
j T (M) j . j
g(J, X) = g(J 2 , JX) = g(, JX) = 0.
, j
0 = g(X, ) = g(JX, J) = g(F X, J) + u(X)g(, J)
= u(X)g(, J),
j (11). j x M j ux (X) = 0,
X T (M), (11) j Tx (M) J-j,
j. j j. j g(, J) = 0,
j J T (M)span{}. j, j
T1 (M) = { T (M)| g(, ) = 0} j J-j, j
j J j
J = U.
22

(12)

, , 1 , . . . , q , 1 , . . . , q T (M),
j
a = Ja ,
a {1, . . . , q} q =

(13)

p1
.
2

j J j (11), j
J 2 X = JF X + u(X)J,

X = F 2 X + u(F X) u(X)U,
j j
F 2 X = X + u(X)U

(14)

u(F X) = 0.

(15)

j J j (12), j
J 2 = JU,

= F U u(U ),
(11).
j j j
FU = 0

(16)

j (14) U j j (16)
j 7.1, j j
g(F 2 X, U ) = g(X, U ) + u(X),

g(F X, F U ) = g(X, U ) + u(X),

j j
g(X, U ) = u(X).

(17)

F , g, u U ( (12)) j
23

 M [21].
, a a , j j, , :
X = AX + DX
q
X
= AX +
{sa (X)a + sa (X)a },

(18)

a=1

X a = Aa X + DX a = Aa X sa (X)
q
X
+
{sab (X)b + sab (X)b }

(19)

b=1

X a = Aa X + DX a = Aa X sa (X)
q
X
+
{sa b (X)b + sa b (X)b },

(20)

b=1

j A, Aa Aa , a a , ,
sa , sa , sab , sa b , sab , sa b , j D.
A, Aa Aa
j:
h(X, Y ) = g(AX, Y )
q
X
+
{g(Aa X, Y )a + g(Aa X, Y )a }.
a=1

j a = Ja , j
X a = JX a .
j j (19) (20), j
Aa X sa (X) +

q
X
{sa b (X)b + sa b (X)b } =
b=1

F Aa X u(Aa X) + J(sa (X) +

q
X

{sab (X)b + sab (X)b }),

b=1

(11). j j (12) (13), j j

Aa X sa (X) +

q
X

{sa b (X)b + sa b (X)b } =

b=1

F Aa X u(Aa X) + sa (X)U +

q
X
b=1

24

{sab (X)b sab (X)b }.

(21)

 j j j, j
Aa X = F Aa X sa (X)U,

(22)

sa (X) = u(Aa X)

(23)

sa b = sab , sa b = sab .

(24)

j J j (13), j
a = Ja .

(25)

, j (25) j j
Aa X = F Aa X + sa (X)U

(26)

sa (X) = u(Aa X).

(27)

j 4.4 ( (2)), j 7.1 j (22) j

- j
g((Aa F + F Aa )X, Y ) = g(Aa F X, Y ) + g(F Aa X, Y )
= g(F X, Aa Y ) + g(F Aa X, Y )
= g(X, F Aa Y ) + g(F Aa X, Y )
= g(X, Aa Y + sa (Y )U ) + g(Aa X + sa (X)U, Y )
= sa (Y )g(X, U ) + sa (X)g(Y, U ),
, (17), j j
g((Aa F + F Aa )X, Y ) = u(Y )sa (X) u(X)sa (Y ).

(28)

, j 4.4 ( (2)), j 7.1,

j (26) j (17), j j
g((Aa F + F Aa )X, Y ) = u(Y )sa (X) u(X)sa (Y ).
A j (11), j j
JY X = Y F X + Y (u(X)).
j j (6) (7), j j
J(Y X + h(Y, X)) = Y (F X) + h(Y, F X) + (Y u(X)) + u(X)Y ,
25

(29)


JY X + Jh(Y, X) = (Y F )X + F (Y X) + h(Y, F X) + (Y u(X))
+ u(X)(AY + DY ).
j, j (11) (21) j j
q
X
F Y X + u(Y X) + J{g(AX, Y ) +
{g(Aa X, Y )a + g(Aa X, Y )a }} =
a=1
q

(Y F )X + F Y X + g(AY, F X) +

{g(Aa Y, F X)a + g(Aa Y, F X)a }

a=1

+ (Y u(X)) u(X)AY + u(X)DY ,

, (12) (13), j
q
X
u(Y X) g(AX, Y )U +
{g(Aa X, Y )a g(Aa X, Y )a } =
a=1
q

(Y F )X + g(AY, F X) +

X
{g(Aa Y, F X)a + g(Aa Y, F X)a }

(30)

a=1

+ (Y u)(X) + u(Y X) u(X)AY + u(X)DY .

j (30) j j jj j ,
j
(Y F )X = u(X)AY g(AX, Y )U.

(31)

, (30) j j jj j ,
j
(Y u)(X) = g(AY, F X),
, j 7.1,
(Y u)(X) = g(F AY, X).
j (12),
JX = X U,
26

(32)

, (6) (7),
J(AX + DX ) = (X U + h(X, U )),
, (11), j j
F AX u(AX) + JDX = X U h(X, U ).
j j j jj j ,
j
X U = F AX.

(33)

j CR CR
-j.
j 7.1 CR CR
j.
j M M, j
j M. M M
j j, :
X Y = X Y + g(AX, Y ),
X = AX,
X, Y T (M), g j M M, A
j M M.
M j (F, U, u, g)
J M [21].
U M j U = J.
(F, U, u, g) j j:
F 2 = Id + u U,

u(U ) = 1 g(F X, F Y ) = g(X, Y ) u(X)u(Y ),

j Id T (M) X, Y T (M).
j j j j:
(X F )Y = u(Y )AX g(AX, Y )U

X U = F AX.
j A , . j
j U . [17] j
j M M j j AU = U ,
27

j M, j . j ,
j j j j r (> 0)
j ,
j j U . , U j j j
j
.
j j U .
- j .
j - j j
j [23]. , j
j j . j j j
j . j [22]
j , j [23]
j,
.
j 7.2 j M0 (M, J) 1 : M0 M j. j M M0
0 : M M0 j, j = 1 0 . 0 j
M0 , M. j 1 , j
j 1 J 0 = J1 , j J 0 M0 ,
J.
X T (M), j j
JX = J1 0 X = 1 J 0 0 X = 1 (0 F 0 X + u(X) 0 ) = F 0 X + u(X)1 0 ,
(11). , (11), j j
JX = F X +

p
X

ua (X)a ,

a=1

a , a {1, . . . , p},
M, M.
j = 1 0 . j
JX = F X + u(X),
(11).
, M,
M0 M, j CR CR j M.
j 7.3 j M0 (M, J).
j 1 : M0 M j. , X 0 T (M0 ) j
J1 X 0 = 1 F 0 X 0 + u0 (X 0 ).
28

 j M F 0 -j M0 , j. j F 0 T (M)
T (M). 0 j = 1 0 .
T (M) T (M) j 1 = 2 , . . . , p
T (M0 ). , X T (M) j
JX = F X +

p
X

ua (X)a .

a=1

j
JX = J1 0 X = 1 F 0 0 X + u0 (0 X)
= 1 0 F X + u0 (0 X) = F X + u0 (0 X),
j M F 0 -j .
j j j j u1 (X) = u0 (0 X), ua (X) = 0, a =
2, . . . , p. , F 0 -j
M j CR CR j.
7.1 CR CR j j j
j , j sa = sa = 0, a {1, . . . , q}.
.
j
q
X
DX =
{sa (X)a + sa (X)a } = 0
a=1

a , a , a {1, . . . , q}.
j 7.4 j 7.2, j M0 j M. , j j, j
j
X = 1 0 X 1 0 = 1 00 X 0 + h0 (0 X, 0 ) = 1 (0 A0 X) = A0 X,
h0 M0 M, A0
M M0 . j j DX = 0, j. j
D.

29

j (M, J, g) j 2(n + p).

, R : M M M M R, :
(1) R(X, Y, Z, W ) = R(Y, X, Z, W ) = R(X, Y, W, Z),
(2) R(X, Y, Z, W ) = R(Z, W, X, Y ),
(3) R(X, Y, Z, W ) + R(X, Z, W, Y ) + R(X, W, Y, Z) = 0
(4) R(JX, JY, Z, W ) = R(X, Y, JZ, JW ) = R(X, Y, Z, W ).
j 8.1 R : M M M M R T : M M M M R
j j , (1), (2), (3) (4).
j j
R(X, JX, X, JX) = T (X, JX, X, JX),
X T (M), j R = T .
j
1
R0 (X, Y, Z, W ) = {g(X, Z)g(Y, W ) g(X, W )g(Y, Z)
4
+ g(X, JZ)g(Y, JW ) g(X, JW )g(Y, JZ)
+ 2g(X, JY )g(Z, JW )}.
j 8.2 R0 , (1),
(2), (3), (4), j:
1
R0 (X, Y, X, Y ) = {g(X, X)g(Y, Y ) g 2 (X, Y ) + 3g 2 (X, JY )},
4
R0 (X, JX, X, JX) = g 2 (X, X).
j p M j {X, Y } p. j
j ,
K(p) = R(X, Y, X, Y ),
p p.
j 8.3 j R M.
j K(p) = c, j j c , J-j p, j
R = cR0 .
.
p j J-j j {X, JX}
30

p, j j X j p.
, j K(p) = c j
R(X, JX, X, JX) = c,
j X T (M).
j 8.2 j j
R(X, JX, X, JX) = cR0 (X, JX, X, JX).
j j 8.1, j j
R = cR0 ,
.
K(p) J-j p .
j , K(p), J-j
p Tx (M) x M, M
.
j 8.1 j CPn j j 4.
j Cn+1 (n+1)-
(J 0 , < , >) j S2n+1
S2n+1 = {(z 1 , . . . , z n+1 ) Cn+1 |

n+1
X

z i z i = 1}

i=1
1

= {(x , y , . . . , x

n+1

,y

n+1

2n+2

)R

n+1
X
|
[(xi )2 + (y i )2 ] = 1}.
i=1

J , S2n+1 , j
=

n+1
X

(xi i + y i i ).
x
y
i=1

j
< J 0 , >=< J 02 , J 0 >= < , J 0 >,
j j
< J 0 , >= 0,
j.
J 0 T (S2n+1 ).
31

 j
J 0 = V,
j S2n+1 Cn+1 .
j < , > , j j V j
T (S2n+1 )
n+1
X

V =
(y i i + xi i ).
x
y
i=1

u S2n+1 u(X) = g 0 (V, X) =< V, X >,

X T (S2n+1 ), j
u=

n+1
X
(y i dxi + xi dy i ),
i=1

j g 0 S2n+1 , < , >.

j v i i- V
z i =

xi + 1y i Cn+1 . , V j j, v i = 1z i ,
V j S1 = {e 1 | 0 < 2}.

S2n+1 S1 S2n+1 (z, e 1 ) ze 1 ,

S1 jj S2n+1 .
S2n+1 /S1 j j CPn .
j
Hp (S2n+1 ) = {X Tp (S2n+1 )| u(X) = g 0 (V, X) = 0},
j
Tp (S2n+1 ) = Hp (S2n+1 ) span{Vp }.
Hp (S2n+1 ) span{Vp } Tp (S2n+1 ), .
j, Hp (S2n+1 ) j T(p) (CPn ),
j jj S2n+1 CPn .
Tp (Cn+1 ), Hp (S2n+1 ) j J 0 -j ,
J T(p) (CPn ).
j V
X. j
0
E
0X V = E
X V < X, V > = X (J )

= J

E
X

(34)

= J X,

j 0 S2n+1 E Cn+1 .
X CPn , j j
X S2n+1 j (X ) = X. X
32

 X.
J CPn
(JX) = J 0 X
(34)
0X V = (JX) .
g CPn , ,
g(X, Y ) = g 0 (X , Y )

X Y = 0X Y .
j (X Y ) 0X Y , j j
0X Y = (X Y ) + g 0 (0X Y , V )V.
, j
g 0 (0X Y , V ) = g 0 (Y , 0X V ) =< Y , J 0 X >
= g 0 (Y , (JX) ) = g(Y, JX),
j
0X Y = (X Y ) + g(JX, Y )V.

(35)

CPn j - g.
(35), j
[X , Y ] = [X, Y ] + g 0 ([X , Y ], V )V = [X, Y ] + g 0 (0X Y 0Y X , V )V
= [X, Y ] g 0 (Y , 0X V )V + g 0 (X , 0Y V )V
= [X, Y ] + < Y , J 0 X > V < X , J 0 Y > V
= [X, Y ] + g 0 (Y , (JX) )V g 0 (X , (JY ) )V,

[X , Y ] = [X, Y ] + 2g(JX, Y )V.

, R j CPn
:
R(X, Y )Z = X Y Z Y X Z [X,Y ] Z
= {0X (Y Z) 0Y (X Z) 0[X,Y ] Z }
= {0X (0Y Z g(JY, Z)V ) 0Y (0X Z g(JX, Z)V )
0[X ,Y ]2g(JX,Y )V Z }
= {0X 0Y Z g(JY, Z)0X V 0Y 0X Z
+ g(JX, Z)0Y V 0[X ,Y ] Z + 2g(JX, Y )0V Z }
= {R0 (X , Y )Z + g(JY, Z)J 0 X g(JX, Z)J 0 Y
2g(JX, Y )J 0 Z }
33

 R0 S2n+1 j
R0 (X , Y )Z = g 0 (Y , Z )X g 0 (X , Z )Y = g(Y, Z)X g(X, Z)Y ,
j
R(X, Y )Z = g(Y, Z)X g(X, Z)Y + g(JY, Z)JX g(JX, Z)JY
2g(JX, Y )JZ.

(36)

KXY j
CPn .
X Y j
g(R(X, Y )Y, X)
g(X, X)g(Y, Y ) g(X, Y )2
g(Y, Y )g(X, X) g(X, Y )2 + 3g(JX, Y )2
=
g(X, X)g(Y, Y ) g(X, Y )2
3g(JX, Y )2
=1+
= 1 + 3cos2 ,
2
g(X, X)g(Y, Y ) g(X, Y )

KXY =

j (36). span{JX, JY }
span{X, Y }.
, CPn j j
1 KXY 4.
H(x)
H(x) = KX,JX =

g(R(X, JX)JX, X)
,
g(X, X)2

CPn j
H(x) = 1 +

3g(X, X)2
= 4.
g(X, X)2

j 8.2
- CHn j j -4.
j Cn+1 (n+1)-
(J 0 , < , >) j H2n+1 -
H2n+1 = {(z 1 , . . . , z n+1 ) Cn+1 | z 1 z 1 +

n+1
X

z i z i = 1}

i=2
1

= {(x , y , . . . , x
+

n+1
X

n+1

,y

n+1

)R

[(xi )2 + (y i )2 ] = 1}

i=2

34

2n+2

| (x1 )2 (y 1 )2

j < , > H2n+1 j g 0 .

j H2n+1 , J 0 T (H2n+1 ),
j 8.1.
j J 0 = V , j j H2n+1 Cn+1 .
V j S1 .
H2n+1 /S1 j CHn .
j
Hp (H2n+1 ) = {X Tp (H2n+1 )|g 0 (V, X) = 0},
j
Tp (H2n+1 ) = Hp (H2n+1 ) span{Vp }.
Hp (H2n+1 ) T(p) (CHn ), j jj
: H2n+1 CHn .
j Hp (H2n+1 ) J 0 -j Tp (Cn+1 ),
J T(p) (CHn ).
j 8.1 j V
X, j j
X V = (JX) ,
j X X.
, g CHn sa
g(X, Y ) = g 0 (X , Y )

X Y = 0X Y ,
j 0 H2n+1 .
j, j 8.1, j j
j -4.
8.1 j M n-
j 4c. j
1) M CHn , j c < 0,
2) M Cn , j c = 0,
3) M j CPn , j c > 0.

.
j (M, J, g) j n + p j M n CR CR j M.
j M j 4c, c = const.
j (6), (18), (21), (19) (20), , R,
35

 M.
M M , . M
g g. X, Y , Z T (M) q = p1
,
2
R(X, Y )Z = X Y Z Y X Z [X,Y ] Z =
q
q
X
X
X (Y Z + g(AY, Z) +
g(Aa Y, Z)a +
g(Aa Y, Z)a )
a=1
q

Y (X Z + g(AX, Z) +

a=1
q

g(Aa X, Z)a +

a=1

[X,Y ] Z g(A[X, Y ], Z)

q
X

g(Aa X, Z)a )

a=1

g(Aa [X, Y ], Z)a

a=1

q
X
a=1

36

g(Aa [X, Y ], Z)a .

 j
R(X, Y )Z = X Y Z + g(AX, Y Z) +

q
X

{g(Ab X, Y Z)b

b=1

+ g(Ab X, Y Z)b }+
g((X A)Y, Z) + g(A(X Y ), Z) + g(AY, X Z)+
q
X
g(AY, Z){AX +
{sb (X)b + sb (X)b }}+
b=1
q
X
{g((X Aa )Y, Z) + g(Aa (X Y ), Z) + g(Aa Y, X Z)}a +
a=1
q
q
X
X
{g(Aa Y, Z){Aa X sa (X) +
{sab (X)b + sab (X)b }}}+
a=1
q

b=1

X
{g((X Aa )Y, Z) + g(Aa (X Y ), Z) + g(Aa Y, X Z)}a +
a=1
q

q
X
X

{g(Aa Y, Z){Aa X sa (X) +

{sa b (X)b + sa b (X)b }}}
a=1

b=1
q

Y X Z g(AY, X Z)

{g(Ab Y, X Z)b + g(Ab Y, X Z)b }

b=1

g((Y A)X, Z) g(A(Y X), Z) g(AX, Y Z)

q
X
g(AX, Z){AY +
{sa (Y )a + sa (Y )a }}
a=1
q

X
{g((Y Aa )X, Z) + g(Aa (Y X), Z) + g(Aa X, Y Z)}a
a=1
q

q
X
X
{g(Aa X, Z){Aa Y sa (Y ) +
{sab (Y )b + sab (Y )b }}}
a=1

b=1

q
X
{g((Y Aa )X, Z) + g(Aa (Y X), Z) + g(Aa X, Y Z)}a
a=1
q
q
X
X
{g(Aa X, Z){Aa Y sa (Y ) +
{sa b (Y )b + sa b (Y )b }}
a=1

b=1
q

[X,Y ] Z g(A[X, Y ], Z)

g(Aa [X, Y ], Z)a

a=1
q
X

g(Aa [X, Y ], Z)a .

a=1

37

 j , j
g(R(X, Y )Z, ) = g((X A)Y (Y A)X, Z)
q
X
{sa (X)g(Aa Y, Z) sa (Y )g(Aa X, Z)}
a=1
q
X
{sa (X)g(Aa Y, Z) sa (Y )g(Aa X, Z)},
a=1

, j 8.3, j
g(c{g(Y, Z)X g(X, Z)Y + g(JY, Z)JX g(JX, Z)JY
2g(JX, Y )JZ}, ) =
q
X
{sa (X)g(Aa Y, Z) sa (Y )g(Aa X, Z)}
g((X A)Y (Y A)X, Z)
a=1
q
X
{sa (X)g(Aa Y, Z) sa (Y )g(Aa X, Z)},
a=1

, (11),
g(c{g(Y, Z)X g(X, Z)Y + g(F Y + u(Y ), Z)(F X + u(X))
g(F X + u(X), Z)(F Y + u(Y ))
2g(F X + u(X), Y )(F Z + u(Z))}, ) =
q
X
g((X A)Y (Y A)X, Z)
{sa (X)g(Aa Y, Z) sa (Y )g(Aa X, Z)}
a=1
q

X
{sa (X)g(Aa Y, Z) sa (Y )g(Aa X, Z)}.
a=1

, j j
c{g(F Y, Z)u(X) g(F X, Z)u(Y ) 2g(F X, Y )u(Z)} =
q
X
g((X A)Y (Y A)X, Z)
{sa (X)g(Aa Y, Z) sa (Y )g(Aa X, Z)}
a=1
q
X
{sa (X)g(Aa Y, Z) sa (Y )g(Aa X, Z)}.
a=1

j Z , j, j (17), j j j
(X A)Y (Y A)X = c{g(X, U )F Y g(Y, U )F X 2g(F X, Y )U }+
q
q
X
X
{sa (X)Aa Y sa (Y )Aa X} +
{sa (X)Aa Y sa (Y )Aa X}.
a=1

a=1

38

(37)

 CR
CR j (M, J, g), j j , A, j
, h(X, Y ). j j
M . ,
M. j j
M j 4c, c = const.
M CR CR j j. j M, .

39

A j

j j
. j j
.
9.1 [17] j M n-, n 3, j
j M. j M j 4c.
j A M , j. A = 0, j M
.
.
j j (37) j j
(X A)Y (Y A)X = c{g(X, U )F Y g(Y, U )F X 2g(F X, Y )U }.
j j
c{g(X, U )F Y g(Y, U )F X 2g(F X, Y )U } = 0.
j j j Y U , j U
(12), j
c{F X 2g(F X, U )U } = 0,
(16).
j, j 7.1, j
c{F X + 2g(X, F U )U } = 0,

cF X = 0,
(16).
j j j c = 0.
j CR CR
j, j ,
, j. j .
9.2 [14] j M n- CR
CR j (n+p)-j j j (M, J, g),
j n 3 M j 4c.
j j
D A . j M A = 0,
j M .

40

.
j Y = U jj j (37), j
q
X
(X A)U (U A)X = cF X +
{sa (X)Aa U sa (U )Aa X}+
a=1
q

X
{sa (X)Aa U sa (U )Aa X}.
a=1

j j
cF X = 0,
j j c = 0.
9.3 [14] j M n- CR
CR j (n+p)-j j j (M, J, g),
j n 3 M j
4c. j p < n A j
. j M A = 0, j M .
.
j Y = U (37) , j
cF X +

q
X

{sa (X)Aa U sa (U )Aa X}+

a=1
q
X

{sa (X)Aa U sa (U )Aa X} = 0.

(38)

a=1

j (38)
Y T (M), j
q
X
cg(F X, Y ) +
{sa (X)g(Aa U, Y ) sa (U )g(Aa X, Y )}+

(39)

a=1
q
X

{sa (X)g(Aa U, Y ) sa (U )g(Aa X, Y )} = 0.

a=1

j X Y (39) (39) j j, j j
2cg(F X, Y ) +

q
X

{sa (X)g(Aa U, Y ) + sa (X)g(Aa U, Y )}

a=1
q
X

{sa (Y )g(Aa U, X) + sa (Y )g(Aa U, X)} = 0.

a=1

, (17), (23), (27) j j

q
X
cF X =
{sa (X)Aa U + sa (X)Aa U }.
a=1

41

(40)

 (40) j j F X j Aa U and Aa U ; a =
1, , q.
a j p < n, j j Y
T (M) j j span{U, Aa U, Aa U }; a = 1, , q, q = p1
.
2
j Y U , Y j Y = F X, X T (M).
, Y = F X j (40) j X. j
cF 2 X = 0.
j j (14), j j c = 0.

42

10

h(X, Y )
- h(JX, Y ) = Jh(X, Y )

j, j j
- j CPn , n 2.
10.1 [22] j M j CPn , n 2. j M j r j
:
(A1 ) CPn1 , j 0 < r < 2 ,
(A2 ) j j CPk ,
j 1 k n 2,
(B) j Qn1 , j 0 < r < 4 ,
n1
(C) CP1 CP 2 , j 0 < r < 4 n 5 j,
(D) CG2,5 , j 0 < r < 4 n = 9,
(E) SO(10)/U(5), j 0 < r < 4
n = 15.
10.2 [7] j M, j
CPn , n 2 j
AF F A = 0,
j M (A1 ) (A2 ). A
j , F
(11).
, j
j .
j CPn , n 2 j X
. j j j
j j j j X JX. j
j [6].
j 10.1 [13] j M j- CPn , n 2. M j
(AF F A)X = 0,
X U , (12),
M j
AF F A = 0.
A j j F j
(11).

43

.
j
(AF F A)X = 0,
X U .

g(F AU, X) = g(U, AF X) = g(U, F AX) = g(F U, AX) = 0,
(16), j 7.1 j 4.4 ( (2)). g
M CPn .
, j j
g(F AU, U ) = 0,
(16) j 7.1.
j j, j j
F AU = 0,
j. j
AF U F AU = 0,

(41)

(16).
j
AF F A = 0
M.
10.3 [13] j M j CPn , n > 2. M j
g((AF F A)X, Y ) = 0,
j M (A1 ), (A2 ) j
. A j j , F
j (11) g M
CPn .
j j j
j j n = 2.
j .
10.4 [13] j M n-, n 3,
j j (M, J, g) j
M j 4c.
44

 h(JX, Y ) = Jh(X, Y ); X, Y T (M), j M .

.
j j
h(JX, Y ) = g(AJX, Y )

Jh(X, Y ) = g(AX, Y )J = g(AX, Y )U,

(12) (21), j j
g(AJX, Y ) = g(AX, Y )U,
j
g(AJX, Y ) = 0

(42)

g(AX, Y ) = 0,

(43)

X Y T (M) g j
M g.
j (43) j j
A = 0.

(44)

j j (37) j (44) j j
0 = c{g(X, U )F Y g(Y, U )F X 2g(F X, Y )U }.

(45)

j (45) j Y U ,
0 = cF X,
j j c = 0.
10.5 [14] j M n-, n 3, CR
CR j (n + p)-j j j
(M, J, g) j M
j 4c. h(JX, Y ) =
Jh(X, Y ); X, Y T (M), j M .
.
j (21), j
h(JX, Y ) = g(AJX, Y ) +

q
X

{g(Aa JX, Y )a + g(Aa JX, Y )a }

a=1

45

(46)


q
X
Jh(X, Y ) = g(AX, Y )U +
{g(Aa X, Y )a g(Aa X, Y )a },

(47)

a=1

q=

p1
,
2

j j (47) j (12), (13) (25).

, , j j (46)
(47),
q
X
g(AX, Y )U + g(AJX, Y ) +
{g(Aa JX, Y ) + g(Aa X, Y )}a +

(48)

a=1
q
X
{g(Aa JX, Y ) g(Aa X, Y )}a = 0,
a=1

q=

p1
.
2

j 4.4, j (48)
q
X
g(AX, Y )U + g(JX, AY ) +
{g(JX, Aa Y ) + g(Aa X, Y )}a +

(49)

a=1
q
X
{g(JX, Aa Y ) g(Aa X, Y )}a = 0,
a=1

q=

p1
,
2

, (11)
q
X
g(AX, Y )U + g(F X, AY ) +
{g(F X, Aa Y ) + g(Aa X, Y )}a +

(50)

a=1
q
X

{g(F X, Aa Y ) g(Aa X, Y )}a = 0,

a=1

q=

p1
.
2

j 4.4, j (50)
-
g(AX, Y )U + g(F X, Y ) +

q
X

{g(Aa F X, Y ) + g(Aa X, Y )}a +

a=1
q
X
{g(Aa F X, Y ) g(Aa X, Y )}a = 0,
a=1

46

(51)

q=

p1
.
2

U , , a , a , a {1, , q}; q =
j (51) j j j

p1
,
2

g(AX, Y ) = 0,

(52)

g(AF X, Y ) = 0,

(53)

g(Aa F X, Y ) = g(Aa X, Y )

(54)

g(Aa F X, Y ) = g(Aa X, Y ).

(55)

X Y , (52), (54) (55)

j j
A = 0,

(56)

Aa F = Aa

(57)

Aa F = Aa ,

(58)

a = 1, , q; q =

p1
.
2

j j (37) j (56) j j
0 = c{g(X, U )F Y g(Y, U )F X 2g(F X, Y )U }
q
q
X
X
+
{sa (X)Aa Y sa (Y )Aa X} +
{sa (X)Aa Y sa (Y )Aa X},
a=1

q=

a=1

p1
.
2

j (22) (57) j j
Aa F X = F Aa X sa (X)U,

(F Aa + Aa F )X = sa (X)U,
a = 1, , q; q =

p1
.
2

47

(59)

 j Y T (M),
j
g((F Aa + Aa F )X, Y ) = g(sa (X)U, Y ) = sa (X)g(U, Y ) = sa (X)u(Y ),
a = 1, , q; q =

p1
,
2

(17).
(28), j
u(Y )sa (X) u(X)sa (Y ) = sa (X)u(Y ).
j j j
sa (Y ) = 0,
a = 1, , q; q =

(60)

p1
.
2

j (26) (58) j j
Aa F X = F Aa + sa (X)U,

(Aa F + F Aa )X = sa (X)U,
a = 1, , q; q =

p1
.
2

j Y
T (M),j
g((Aa F + F Aa )X, Y ) = g(sa (X)U, Y ).
j (29), j
u(Y )sa (X) u(X)sa (Y ) = sa (X)g(U, Y ),

u(Y )sa (X) u(X)sa (Y ) = sa (X)u(Y ),

(17).
j j j
u(X)sa (Y ) = 0,
j
sa (Y ) = 0,
48

(61)

a = 1, , q; q =

p1
.
2

j (59), j (60) (61), j j

0 = c{g(X, U )F Y g(Y, U )F X 2g(F X, Y )U }.
, j j Y = U , j
0 = cF X,
j j c = 0.
.
j 10.2 [14] 10.5, j j
D.

49

11

j (1963.). M
j A
AX = X,
X T (M) j .
11.1[20] j M n-, n 3, j
j M. j M j 4c.
j A M , j. AX = X, X T (M)
j , j M .
.
j j (37) j j
(X A)Y (Y A)X = c{g(X, U )F Y g(Y, U )F X 2g(F X, Y )U },
X, Y T (M) U j (12).
, j j
(X)Y (Y )X = c{g(X, U )F Y g(Y, U )F X 2g(F X, Y )U }.
j X = U j, j
(X)U (U )X = cF X.
X 6= 0, U , {X, F X, U } ,
j j j c = 0.
j CR CR j, j
.
11.3[3] j M n- CR
CR j (n+p)-j j j (M, J, g),
j n 3 M j 4c.
j j
D A . j M AX = X,
X T (M) j , j M .
.
j j j (37), 7.1, 11.1.
11.4 [15] j M n- CR CR j (n+p)-j j j (M, J, g),
j n 3 M j
4c. j p < n A j
. j M AX = X, X T (M)
50

j , j M .
.
j
(X A)U = X (AU ) A(X U ) =
X (U ) X U = (X)U + X U X U = (X)U.

(62)

j j (37) U , U j (12), j
g((X A)Y (Y A)X, U ) = 2cg(F X, Y )
q
X
{2g(Aa U, Y )g(Aa U, X) 2g(Aa U, X)g(Aa U, Y )},
+

(63)

a=1

(23), (27) (16).

(63) Y = U , j
g((X A)U, U ) = g((U A)X, U )
(64)
q
X
+
{2g(Aa U, U )g(Aa U, X) 2g(Aa U, X)g(Aa U, U )}.
a=1

, (62) (64), j
X = g((X A)U, U ) = g((U A)X, U )
q
X
+
{2g(Aa U, U )g(Aa U, X) 2g(Aa U, X)g(Aa U, U )},

(65)

a=1

grad = (U )U +

q
X

{2g(Aa U, U )Aa U 2g(Aa U, U )Aa U }.

(66)

a=1

(63) (66) j
cg(F X, Y ) +

q
X

{g(Aa U, Y )g(Aa U, X) g(Aa U, X)g(Aa U, Y )}

(67)

a=1

q
X

{g(Aa U, U )g(Aa U, X)g(U, Y ) g(Aa U, U )g(Aa U, X)g(U, Y )}

a=1
q

X
{g(Aa U, U )g(Aa U, Y )g(U, X) g(Aa U, U )g(Aa U, Y )g(U, X)}.
a=1

(67), (28) (29), j

q
X
cg(F X, Y ) +
{g(Aa U, Y )g(Aa U, X) g(Aa U, X)g(Aa U, Y )}

(68)

a=1
q
X
=
{g(Aa U, U )g((Aa F + F Aa )X, Y ) + g(Aa U, U )g((Aa F + F Aa )X, Y )}.
a=1

51

 j Y , (68) j
q
X
cF X +
{g(Aa U, X)Aa U g(Aa U, X)Aa U }

(69)

a=1
q
X
=
{g(Aa U, U )(Aa F + F Aa )X + g(Aa U, U )(Aa F + F Aa )X}.
a=1

(69) j X F X j (14),
2

cF X +

q
X

{g(Aa U, F X)Aa U g(Aa U, F X)Aa U } =

(70)

a=1
q
X

{g(Aa U, U )Aa X + g(Aa U, U )g(X, U )Aa U + g(Aa U, U )F Aa F X

a=1

g(Aa U, U )Aa X + g(Aa U, U )g(X, U )Aa U + g(Aa U, U )F Aa F X}.

(68) j Y F X j (22), (26) (14),
j
cg(F X, F X)
q
X
+
{g(F Aa U + g(Aa U, U )U, F X)g(Aa U, X)

(71)

a=1

g(Aa U, X)g(F Aa U + g(Aa U, U )U, F X)}

q
X
=
{g(Aa U, U )g(F Aa F X + g(Aa U, F X)U, F X)
a=1

+ g(Aa U, U )g(Aa X, X + g(X, U )U )

+ g(Aa U, U )g(F Aa F X + g(Aa U, F X)U, F X)
+ g(Aa U, U )g(Aa X, X + g(X, U )U )}.
j (71), j
cg(F X, F X)
q
X
+
{g(Aa U, X + g(X, U )U )g(Aa U, X)
a=1

+ g(Aa U, X)g(Aa U, X + g(X, U )U )} =

q
X
{g(Aa U, U )g(Aa F X, X + g(X, U )U ) + g(Aa U, U )g(Aa X, X)
a=1

g(Aa U, U )g(U, X)g(Aa X, U ) + g(Aa U, U )g(Aa F X, X + g(X, U )U )

+ g(Aa U, U )g(Aa X, X) g(Aa U, U )g(Aa X, U )g(X, U )}.

52

(72)

 j X , (72) j
q
X
cF X +
{g(Aa U, X)Aa U + g(Aa U, X)Aa U }
2

(73)

a=1

q
X

{g(Aa U, U )Aa F X + g(Aa U, U )g(X, U )F Aa U

a=1

+ g(Aa U, U )Aa X g(Aa U, U )Aa F X

g(Aa U, U )g(X, U )F Aa U + g(Aa U, U )Aa X}.
(73) j (22) (26), j
q
X
cF X +
{g(F Aa U + g(Aa U, U )U, X)Aa U
2

(74)

a=1

+ g(F Aa U + g(Aa U, U )U, X)Aa U }

q
X
=
{g(Aa U, U )(F Aa F X + g(Aa U, F X)U ) + g(Aa U, U )g(X, U )F Aa U
a=1

+ g(Aa U, U )Aa X g(Aa U, U )(F Aa F X + g(Aa U, F X)U )

g(Aa U, U )g(X, U )F Aa U + g(Aa U, U )Aa X},
, , j
q
X
cF X +
{g(F Aa U, X)Aa U + g(Aa U, U )g(U, X)Aa U
2

(75)

a=1

+ g(F Aa U, X)Aa U + g(Aa U, U )g(U, X)Aa U }

q
X
=
{g(Aa U, U )F Aa F X + g(Aa U, U )g(Aa U, F X)U
a=1

+ g(Aa U, U )g(X, U )F Aa U + g(Aa U, U )Aa X

g(Aa U, U )F Aa F X g(Aa U, U )g(Aa U, F X)U
g(Aa U, U )g(X, U )F Aa U + g(Aa U, U )Aa X}.
j (70) (75), j
q
X
{g(Aa U, U )g(Aa U, F X)U + g(Aa U, U )g(X, U )F Aa U

(76)

a=1

g(Aa U, U )g(Aa U, F X)U g(Aa U, U )g(X, U )F Aa U } = 0.

(76) U ,
q
X

{g(Aa U, U )F Aa U + g(Aa U, U )F Aa U } = 0,

(77)

a=1

j X .
(66) (77), j j
F grad = 0.
53

(78)

 (78) j j
grad = U,

(79)

j j j.
j j (37) (79), j
(X)Y (Y )X = g(U, X)Y g(U, Y )X =
c{g(U, X)F Y g(U, Y )F X 2g(F X, Y )U }+
q
X
{g(Aa U, X)Aa Y + g(Aa U, Y )Aa X}+

(80)

a=1
q

X
{g(Aa U, X)Aa Y g(Aa U, Y )Aa X}.
a=1

(80) U , j
0 = cg(F X, Y ) +

q
X

{g(Aa U, X)g(Aa U, Y ) + g(Aa U, Y )g(Aa U, X)},

(81)

a=1

j j
cF X =

q
X
{g(Aa U, X)Aa U + g(Aa U, X)A U },

(82)

a=1

j Y .
(82), 9.3, j j c = 0.

54

12

j -

j j j
, j j
AX = X,

(83)

X T (M) U , U j (12), j
.
j j (83), X T (M) U
j , -,
j
AX = X + u(X)U,

(84)

X T (M) j [10].
- j
[16] [2].
j j .
12.1[16], [2] j M n-, n 3, j j M. j M j
4c 6= 0. j A M -, j. AX = X + u(X)U ,
X T (M) j , j M :
(1) j j r (0 < r <
n

CP , j j =

c
cr
cot
2
2

)
c
1
,

j--

(2)
n
)
CH , j j = =
|c|
,
2

) j j
r (0 < r < )

c
n
CH , j j = 2 coth 2cr = 1 ,
) j r (0 < r < ) j

CHn1 CHn , j j = 2c tanh 2cr

= 1 .
12. 1 j = c.
j CR CR j, j
.
12.2 [15] j M n- CR CR j (n+p)-j j j (M, J, g),
j n 3 M j
4c. j j
D A . j M
55

AX = X + u(X)U , X T (M) e e je ,
j c = .
.
j
(X A)Y (Y A)X = (X)Y + (X)g(U, Y )U
+ g(U, Y )F X + g(F X, Y )U
(Y )X (Y )g(U, X)U
g(U, X)F Y g(F Y, X)U.

(85)

(85) U , j
g((X A)Y (Y A)X, U ) =(X)g(Y, U ) + (X)g(U, Y ) + 2g(F X, Y )
(Y )g(X, U ) (Y )g(U, X).

(86)

, j j (37) U , j
g((X A)Y (Y A)X, U ) = 2cg(F X, Y ),

(87)

j 7.1.
(86) (87) j
(X)g(Y, U ) + (X)g(U, Y ) + 2g(F X, Y )
(Y )g(X, U ) (Y )g(U, X)
= 2cg(F X, Y ).

(88)

(88) Y = U , j
X + X (U )g(X, U ) (U )g(X, U ) = 0.

(89)

= + , (89) j
grad = (U )U.

(90)

2( + c)g(F X, Y ) = 0,

(91)

(88) (90), j

j j c = .
12.3 [15] j M n- CR CR j (n+p)-j j j (M, J, g),
j n 3 M j
4c. j p < n A j
. j M AX = X + u(X)U , X T (M) e
e je , j c = .
.
12.2 j j (86).
56

 j j (37) U , U j (12), (86),

j j
(X)g(Y, U ) + (X)g(U, Y ) + 2g(F X, Y )
(Y )g(X, U ) (Y )g(U, X)
= 2cg(F X, Y )
q
X
+
{2g(Aa U, Y )g(Aa U, X) 2g(Aa U, X)g(Aa U, Y )}.

(92)

a=1

Y = U (92), j
X( + ) U ( + )g(X, U )
q
X
=
{2g(Aa U, U )g(Aa U, X) 2g(Aa U, X)g(Aa U, U )},

(93)

a=1

grad = (U )U +

q
X

{2g(Aa U, U )Aa U 2g(Aa U, U )Aa U },

(94)

a=1

j j = + .
, (92) (94), j j
q
X
{g(Aa U, U )g(Aa U, X)g(U, Y ) g(Aa U, U )g(Aa U, X)g(U, Y )}

(95)

a=1

+ g(F X, Y )
q

X
{g(Aa U, U )g(Aa U, Y )g(U, X) g(Aa U, U )g(Aa U, Y )g(U, X)}
a=1

= cg(F X, Y )
q
X
+
{g(Aa U, X)g(Aa U, Y ) g(Aa U, Y )g(Aa U, X)}.
a=1

(95) j (28) (29), j j

q
X

{g(Aa U, U )g((Aa F + F Aa )X, Y )

a=1

+ g(Aa U, U )g((Aa F + F Aa )X, Y )}

= ( c)g(F X, Y )
+

q
X

{g(Aa U, Y )g(Aa U, X) g(Aa U, X)g(Aa U, Y )}.

a=1

57

(96)

 (96) Y = F X,
( c)g(F X, F X)

(97)

X
{g(F Aa U + g(Aa U, U )U, F X)g(Aa U, X)
a=1

g(Aa U, X)g(F Aa U + g(Aa U, U )U, F X)}

q

X
{g(Aa U, U )g(F Aa F X + g(Aa U, F X)U, F X)
a=1

+ g(Aa U, U )g(Aa X, X + g(X, U )U )

+ g(Aa U, U )g(F Aa F X + g(Aa U, F X)U, F X)
+ g(Aa U, U )g(Aa X, X + g(X, U )U )},
j (14), (22) (26).
j (97), j
( c)g(F X, F X)
q
X
+
{g(Aa U, X + g(X, U )U )g(Aa U, X)

(98)

a=1

+ g(Aa U, X)g(Aa U, X + g(X, U )U )} =

q
X
{g(Aa U, U )g(Aa F X, X + g(X, U )U ) + g(Aa U, U )g(Aa X, X)
a=1

g(Aa U, U )g(U, X)g(Aa X, U ) + g(Aa U, U )g(Aa F X, X + g(X, U )U )

+ g(Aa U, U )g(Aa X, X) g(Aa U, U )g(Aa X, U )g(X, U )},
j (14).
j X , (98) j
q
X
2
(c + )F X +
{g(Aa U, X)Aa U + g(Aa U, X)Aa U }

(99)

a=1
q
X
=
{g(Aa U, U )Aa F X + g(Aa U, U )g(X, U )F Aa U
a=1

+ g(Aa U, U )Aa X g(Aa U, U )Aa F X

g(Aa U, U )g(X, U )F Aa U + g(Aa U, U )Aa X}.
(99) j (22) (26), j
q
X
2
(c + )F X +
{g(F Aa U + g(Aa U, U )U, X)Aa U

(100)

a=1

+ g(F Aa U + g(Aa U, U )U, X)Aa U }

q

{g(Aa U, U )(F Aa F X + g(Aa U, F X)U ) + g(Aa U, U )g(X, U )F Aa U

a=1

+ g(Aa U, U )Aa X g(Aa U, U )(F Aa F X + g(Aa U, F X)U )

g(Aa U, U )g(X, U )F Aa U + g(Aa U, U )Aa X},
58

 j j
2

(c + )F X +

q
X

{g(F Aa U, X)Aa U + g(Aa U, U )g(U, X)Aa U

(101)

a=1

+ g(F Aa U, X)Aa U + g(Aa U, U )g(U, X)Aa U }

q

X
{ g(Aa U, U )F Aa F X + g(Aa U, U )g(Aa U, F X)U
a=1

+ g(Aa U, U )g(X, U )F Aa U + g(Aa U, U )Aa X

g(Aa U, U )F Aa F X g(Aa U, U )g(Aa U, F X)U
g(Aa U, U )g(X, U )F Aa U + g(Aa U, U )Aa X}.
(96) j X F X, j
( c)F 2 X +

q
X

{g(Aa U, F X)Aa U g(Aa U, F X)Aa U } =

(102)

a=1
q
X

{g(Aa U, U )Aa X + g(Aa U, U )g(X, U )Aa U + g(Aa U, U )F Aa F X

a=1

g(Aa U, U )Aa X + g(Aa U, U )g(X, U )Aa U + g(Aa U, U )F Aa F X},

j (14).
j (101) (102), j
q
X
{g(Aa U, U )g(Aa U, F X)U + g(Aa U, U )g(X, U )F Aa U

(103)

a=1

g(Aa U, U )g(Aa U, F X)U g(Aa U, U )g(X, U )F Aa U } = 0.

(103) X = U , j
q
X

{g(Aa U, U )F Aa U g(Aa U, U )F Aa U } = 0,

(104)

a=1

j
F grad = 0,
j
grad = U,

(105)

j .
(92) (105) j
(c + )F X =

q
X

{g(Aa U, X)Aa U g(Aa U, X)Aa U },

a=1

59

(106)

 9.3 j j c = .
j 12.2 12.3, j
j U , (12), A
j ( + ), j. j AU = ( + )U . j j U
A j,
CR CR j
[3].

60


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