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0บทที่ 19 ฟิสิกส์อะตอม
0บทที่ 19 ฟิสิกส์อะตอม
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19
19
19.1
19.1.1
2
10000
19.1.2
1)
2)
3)
3 weeks 2
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19
4)
3) 4)
( )
1) 2)
()
2
( F = q E ) ( F = q v B )
qvB = qE
( E = Vd )
v = BE
v = dVB
v ( / )
B ( )
E ( / , / )
V ( )
D ( )
2
3 weeks 2
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19
1. 3 x 103
1
600
1. 0.5 x 107 /
2. 1.0 x 107 /
3. 1.5 x 107 /
4. 2.0 x 107 /
2. 2.0 x 107
3.0 x 103
1. 2 x 104 /
2. 4 x 104 /
3. 6 x 104 /
4. 8 x 104 /
3 weeks 2
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19
4(En43 ..)
1.
2.
3.
4.
R = mq Bv
q
m = BvR
q 1 ( )
v ( / )
R ( )
m 1 ( )
B ( )
mq 1.76 x 1011 -
5. mq
1.5 x 103
10 1
390
mq
1. 1.48 x 1011
2. 1.73 x 1011
3. 2.00 x 1011
4. 2.16 x 1011
26
3 weeks 2
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19
19.1.3
( Robert A. Millikan )
2
1. ( W = m g )
2. ( F = q E )
F = F
qE = mg
neE = mg
( q = n e )
n e = mg
E
q ( )
n
e 1 = 1.6 x 1019
m ( )
E ( / )
n e = x 1.6 x 1019
n e = 1 x 1.6 x 1019
n e = 2 x 1.6 x 1019
n e = 3 x 1.6 x 1019
1 1.6 x 1019
3 weeks 2
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19
6. 10 1.6 x 1015
100 1 1
1. 1.1 x 1019 C
2. 1.3 x 1019 C
3. 1.6 x 1019 C
4. 1.8 x 1019 C
3 weeks 2
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19
19.2
19.2.1
(Eugen Goldstein )
()
,
()
()
3 weeks 2
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19.2.1
19
e
++
e
++
e
e
++
e
3 weeks 2
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19
9(En 36)
1.
2.
3.
4.
10(En42 .)
1.
2.
3. ,
4. , ,
11(En41 .)
1.
2.
3.
4.
12(En 39)
1.
2.
3.
4.
3 weeks 2
19.3
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19
19.3.1
2
1.
( L )
h (
h
) 2
m
r v
L = mvr = nh
n 1 , 2 , 3 , ....
2. 1.
rn = 5.3 x 1011 n2
rn n ( )
n
10
3 weeks 2
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19
4.
1
14( 34)
1. 10.6 x 1010
2. 21.2 x 1010
3. 10.6 x 1011
4. 21.2 x 1011
15(En41 ..)
n = 4 n = 1
11
3 weeks 2
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19
19.3.2
E
En = 21
n
En n ( eV )
E1 1 13.6 eV
n
; 1 = 1.6 x 1019
.
4 (E4)
3 (E3)
2 (E2)
1 (E1)
=
=
=
=
19.3.3
1. ( n = 1 )
( n = 1 )
( Ground State )
2.
( Excited State )
3.
12
3 weeks 2
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19
()
1
6 2
(410 nm)
5 2 (434 nm)
4 2 (484 nm)
3 2
(656 nm)
3
13
3 weeks 2
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19
.
( )
6
5
4
3
e
1
2
2
2
2
3
4
5
...............................
...............................
...............................
...............................
...............................
..............
...............................
...............................
...............................
..............
..............
..............
..............
16.
1.
2.
3.
4.
2
17.
1.
2.
3.
4.
4
E = Ef Ei
E = hef = 4.125 x 1015 f
E = eh C = 1237.5x 109
14
3 weeks 2
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19
( )
E
E
Ef ()
Ei ()
f ( )
h = 6.6 x 1034 J.s ( )
e = 1.6 x 1019 C ( 1 )
C = 3 x 108 m/s ( )
( )
18(En 40) 13.6
n = 3 n = 2
1. 1.51 eV
2. 1.89 eV
3. 3.40 eV
4. 4.91 eV
19(En41 .)
13.6
10.20
n
1. 2
2. 4
3. 8
4. 16
15
3 weeks 2
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19
21.
13.6
n = 3 n = 1
1. 102.4
2. 256.5
3. 525.5
4. 672.0
22.
1. 2.93 x 1014
2. 4.61 x 1014
3. 2.93 x 1015
16
4. 4.61 x 1015
3 weeks 2
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19
1. 1.85 eV
2. 2.44 eV
3. 2.81 eV
4. 3.26 eV
24(En 38) 5s
20.66 3d
632.8 3d
( )
1. 15.8 eV
2. 16.6 eV
3. 17.6 eV
4. 18.7 eV
25(En 40) n = 3
19.34 x 1019 n = 2
16.33 x 1019
n = 2 n = 3
1. 4.6 x 1014 Hz
2. 5.4 x 1014 Hz
3. 4.6 x 1015 Hz
4. 5.4 x 1015 Hz
17
3 weeks 2
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19
26(En46.)
200 300
1 2 3
()
E3
2
1. 100 nm
E2
2. 400 nm
3
1
3. 500 nm
E1
4. 600 nm
27(En42 ..) n = 2 n = 1
n = 4 n = 2
1. 41
2. 12
3. 2
4. 4
18
3 weeks 2
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19
28( 33)
()
1. 1215 , 952
2. 1215 , 912
3. 1415 , 912
4. 1415 , 952
29.
1.
3.
3.
4.
19
3 weeks 2
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19
19.3.4
1 2 4.9 eV 1 3
6.7 eV ( 1 )
4.9 eV
4.9 eV
2 4.9 eV 6.7 eV
6.0 eV 4.9 eV
6.7 eV 6.7 eV
3
20
3 weeks 2
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19
19.3.5
C
V1
C ()
Vo A ()
2
1. (continuous X - ray)
(fmax) Vo
()
W = E
eV = hf
e V = hC
e = 1.6 x 1019
7
V ( )
h = 6.6 x 1034 J.s ( )
f ( )
21
3 weeks 2
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19
C = 3 x 108 m/s ( )
( )
2) (characteristic X rays)
31( Pat2)
1.
2.
3.
4.
32. 20000
1. 2.42 x 1016
2. 4.83 x 1016
3. 2.42 x 1018
4. 4.83 x 1018
22
3 weeks 2
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19
34(En41 ..)
30
B
B
12
1. 3.4 x 10 m
2. 12.4 x 1012 m
3. 31.1 x 1012 m
4. 41.2 x 1012 m
19.3.6
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
4. L = m v r = n h
23
3 weeks 2
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19
35(En 36)
1. 4.9 eV
2. 4.9 eV
3. 4.9 eV
4.
19.4
19.4.1
(photoelectric effect )
(photo electron)
9
1.
24
3 weeks 2
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19
(Work function) W
E = W + Ek
2.
(W)
( f )
( fo) (o)
3.
( )
(Vo)
Ek = Ep
Ek = e Vo
Ek ( )
e = 1.6 x 1019 C ( 1 )
Vo ( )
4. ( Ek ) ,
(W)
5. (W)
6.
25
3 weeks 2
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19
36.
1.
2.
3.
4.
37.
1.
2.
3.
4.
38( Pat2)
1.
2.
3.
4.
3 weeks 2
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19
41.
1. ( )
2.
3.
4.
42( 44)
1.
2.
3.
4.
27
3 weeks 2
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19
43(En42 .)
.
.
.
1. . .
2. . .
3. .
4.
45( 35) A B
A B Ea Eb
A B na nb
A B
1. Ea = Eb na < nb
2. Ea < Eb na = nb
3. Ea < Eb na > nb
4. Ea = Eb na = nb
28
3 weeks 2
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E = W + Vo hef = W + Vo
19
hC
e = W + Vo
E ( , eV )
W , ( , eV )
Vo ( , eV )
Vo ( )
h = 6.6 x 1034 J.s ( )
f ( )
e = 1.6 x 1019 C ( 1 )
C = 3 x 108 m/s ( )
( )
46( Anet) 2.0
300
1. 1.2 eV
2. 2.1 eV
3. 4.2 eV
4. 6.1 eV
29
3 weeks 2
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19
1. 0.6 V
2. 2.3 V
3. 2.9 V
4. 5.2 V
30
3 weeks 2
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19
31
3 weeks 2
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19
1. 1.1 x 1019
2. 3.3 x 1019
3. 6.6 x 1019
4.
55( 34)
3.1 x 107
2.0 x 107
32
3 weeks 2
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57(En 40)
E
k
2
6 x 1014 0
1. 0.42 V
2. 0.83 V
3. 1.65 V
19
f (x1014 Hz)
4. 2.50 V
33
3 weeks 2
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19
60( 45)
2.2 x 1015
7.5
5.2 x 1015 16.5
A x 1034 . A
34
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19
61(En46 ..)
A B ( A B
) VA VB VB VA
2. heC A 2 B
1. heC A B
AB
h
C
4. e A 2 B
3. heC A B
2AB
19.4.2
35
3 weeks 2
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19
(Albert Einstein)
1.
(photon)
2. 1 h f hC
n
= n (h f ) = n ( hC )
3.
( )
62(En47 ..) 0.6 630
1. 2 x 1011
2. 2 x 1013
3. 2 x 1015
4. 1 x 1016
36
3 weeks 2
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19
19.4.3
(Arthur H. Compton) (Peter Debye)
65(En 36)
1.
2.
3.
4.
37
3 weeks 2
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19
19.4.4
P = mC
( m = E2 )
C
E
P= 2 C
C
P = CE
( E = h C )
h
C
C
P = ( )2
C
P = h
= Ph
( P = m v )
h
= mhv
=
2mEk
m v
(De Broglic wavelength)
66. 1000 72
1. 0.92 x 1038
2. 3.3 x 1038
3. 0.33 x 1038
4. 1.1 x 1038
67( 35)
( ) 858.50 keV
1. 1.33 x 1012
2. 1.44 x 1012
3. 2.31 x 1028
4. 2.31 x 1032
38
3 weeks 2
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19
1. 2.4 x 1017
2. 4.8 x 1017
3. 2.0 x 1016
4. 1.0 x 1015
69(En41 ..) A 14 B
A B
2. 12
3. 2
4. 4
1. 14
39
3 weeks 2
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19
71(En46 ..) V1
1
V1
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4
72( Anet)
1.
2.
3.
4.
73(En44 ..)
4.5 x 1014
( = 9.0 x 1031 )
40
3 weeks 2
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19
74( Anet) n
En = 13.6
2
n2
1
1. 3.40 x 108 kg.m/s
2. 4.89 x 1010 kg.m/s
3. 1.63 x 1018 kg.m/s
4. 5.44 x 1027 kg.m/s
1. 1010
2. 106
3. 103
4. 102
41
3 weeks 2
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19
(duality of wave and particle)
m v r n h
2r = n
h)
2 r = n (mv
mvr = n 2 h
mvr = n h
19.5
19.5.1
42
3 weeks 2
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19
( x ) ( p ) > h
x
p = m v
h = h
2
76. 6.0 x 106 /
0.5 x 106 /
6.7 x 1027
1. 3.1 x 1014
2. 6.2 x 1014
3. 3.1 x 1015
4. 6.2 x 1015
43
3 weeks 2
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19
19.5.2
44