MC LC

TRANG PH BA
LI CAM OAN
MC LC
DANH MC CC T VIT TT
DANH MC CC BNG BIU
DANH MC CC HNH V, TH
M U...............................................................................................................................1
1. TNH CP THIT CA TI.................................................................................1
2. MC CH NGHIN CU..........................................................................................2

3. I TNG V PHM VI NGHIN CU...............................................................3

4. PHNG PHP NGHIN CU..................................................................................3
5. NGHA KHOA HC V THC TIN CA TI.............................................4
6. KT CU CA DE TAI:..............................................................................................4
Chng 1. TNG QUAN TNH HNH PHT TRIN CA MNG THNG TIN DI
NG....................................................................................................................................6
1.1 THNG TIN DI NG S LC PHT TRIN.................................................6
1.2 H THNG THNG TIN DI NG 3G THEO 2 NHNH CNG NGH CHNH:
..........................................................................................................................................11
1.2.1 Hng pht trin ln 3G s dng cng ngh WCDMA......................................11
1.2.2 Hng pht trin ln 3G s dng cng ngh CDMA 2000................................12
1.3. MNG UMTS 3G V NH HNG CNG NGH MNG VINAPHONE.....14
1.3.1 nh hng cng ngh & dch v theo tiu chun chu u do 3GPP qui nh p
dng cho mng Vinaphone...........................................................................................14
1.3.2 Ni dung ch yu cc phin bn tiu chun 3GPP.............................................14
1.3.2.1 GPP R99.......................................................................................................15
1.3.2.2 3GPP R4.......................................................................................................17
1.3.2.3 3GPP R5.......................................................................................................18
1.3.2.4 3GPP R6 ......................................................................................................20
1.4 KT LUN CHNG..............................................................................................21
Chng 2. H THNG TRUY NHP V TUYN UMTS..........................................22
2.1. NGUYN L CDMA...............................................................................................22
2.1.1. Nguyn l tri ph CDMA ................................................................................22
2.1.2. K thut tri ph v gii tri ph.......................................................................23
2.1.3. K thut a truy nhp CDMA............................................................................23
2.2. MT S C TRUNG LP VT L TRONG MNG TRUY NHP WCDMA
..........................................................................................................................................25
2.2.1. Phng thc song cng......................................................................................25
2.2.2. Dung lng mng ..............................................................................................26
2.2.3. Cc knh giao din v tuyn UTRA FDD.........................................................26
2.2.4. Cu trc Cell......................................................................................................27
2.3 CU TRC H THNG V TUYN UMTS.........................................................28
2.3.1 Node-B................................................................................................................30
2.3.2 RNC (Radio Network Control)...........................................................................30
2.3.3 Cc giao din m c bn ca UMTS..................................................................31
2.4 CC CHC NNG TRONG QUN L TI NGUYN V TUYN..................31
2.4.1 Gii thiu v qun l ti nguyn v tuyn WCDMA.........................................31
2.4.2 iu khin cng sut...........................................................................................32
2.4.3 iu khin chuyn giao.......................................................................................34
2.4.3.1 Chuyn giao trong cng tn s.....................................................................34
2.4.3.2 Chuyn giao gia cc h thng WCDMA v GSM.....................................36
2.4.3.3 Chuyn giao gia cc tn s trong WCDMA...............................................37
2.4.4 iu khin thu np..............................................................................................38
2.4.5 iu khin ti (iu khin nghn).......................................................................40
2.5 KT LUN CHNG..............................................................................................41
Chng 3 M HNH THIT K TNH TON QUY HOCH MNG V TUYN
UMTS 3G............................................................................................................................42

3.1 GII THIU V QUY HOCH MNG V TUYN.............................................42

3.1.1 Nguyn l chung.................................................................................................42
3.1.2 Mt s c im cn lu trong quy hoch mng.............................................43
3.1.2.1 D bo..........................................................................................................43
3.1.2.2 Quy hoch vng ph v tuyn......................................................................44
3.1.2.3 Nhiu t nhiu nh khai thc khc...............................................................45
3.2 QUY HOCH NH C MNG.............................................................................45
3.2.1 Tnh ton vng ph sng.....................................................................................46
3.2.1.1 Phn tch vng ph.......................................................................................46
3.2.1.2 Tnh ton qu ng truyn v tuyn..........................................................48
3.2.1.3 Tnh ton bn knh cell.................................................................................53
3.2.2 Phn tch dung lng..........................................................................................54
3.2.2.1 Gii thiu m hnh tnh ton dung lng Erlang-B.....................................54
3.2.2.2 Cc phng php chuyn i lu lng h thng UMTS theo m hnh
Erlang.......................................................................................................................56
3.2.2.3 nh c dung lng mng............................................................................57
3.3 QUY HOCH VNG PH V DUNG LNG CHI TIT..................................59
3.4 TI U MNG.........................................................................................................59
3.5 CHNG TRNH TNH TON M PHNG........................................................61
3.5.1 Lu thut ton................................................................................................61
3.5.2 Giao din chng trnh........................................................................................62
......................................................................................................................................62
......................................................................................................................................62
3.5.3 Tnh ton m phng............................................................................................62
3.6 KT LUN CHNG..............................................................................................63
Chng 4 HIN TRNG MNG VINAPHONE V NH HNG TRIN KHAI
MNG UMTS 3G..............................................................................................................64
4.1 TNG QUAN MNG VINAPHONE.......................................................................64
4.1.1 Tnh hnh pht trin ca Vinaphone nm 2008...................................................64
4.1.2. Tnh hnh mng li tnh n ht nm 2008......................................................65
4.2. HIN TRNG MNG V TUYN........................................................................67
4.2.1 T chc mng v tuyn.......................................................................................67
4.2.2 Dung lng mng v tuyn.................................................................................68
4.3. HIN TRNG MNG LI V DCH V.............................................................69
4.3.1 Cu hnh mng li v dch v hin ti.................................................................69
4.2.2 Dung lng mng li..........................................................................................70
4.4 NH HNG V K HOCH TRIN KHAI MNG 3G...................................71
4.4.1 nh hng kinh doanh thng mi................................................................71
4.4.2 K hoch v d nh trin khai mng 3G............................................................72
4.5 PHNG N TRIN KHAI MNG V TUYN UMTS 3G................................76
4.5.1 Quy m trin khai................................................................................................76
4.5.2 Trin khai chung c s h tng mng 3G/2G.....................................................77
4.6 KT LUN CHNG..............................................................................................82
Chng 5. QUY HOCH V TUYN UMTS 3G MNG VINAPHONE KHU VC
TP NNG.....................................................................................................................83
5.1 HIN TRNG V D BO PHT TRIN THU BAO 3G MNG VINAPHONE
KHU VC TP NNG..............................................................................................83

5.1.1 Khi qut tnh hnh kinh t x hi ti Tp Nng.............................................83

5.1.2 Tnh hnh pht trin mng Vin thng ti Tp Nng......................................84
5.1.3 Hin trng mng Vinaphone khu vc Tp Nng.............................................86
5.1.4 D bo pht trin thu bao 3G mng Vinaphone khu vc Tp Nng.............86
5.1.4.1 Tnh hnh pht trin thu bao mng Vinaphone khu vc Tp Nng........86
5.1.4.2 D bo pht trin thu bao mng Vinaphone khu vc Tp Nng............87
5.2 THIT K QUY HOCH MNG............................................................................89
5.2.1 Tnh ton s lng Node-B cn thit..................................................................89
5.2.2 Tnh ton dung lng cho Node-B......................................................................91
5.2.3 Kho st lp t trm pha 1.................................................................................94
5.2.3.1 V tr Node-B v RNC..................................................................................94
5.2.3.2 Truyn dn cho Node-B...............................................................................94
5.3 KT LUN CHNG..............................................................................................99
KT LUN V HNG PHT TRIN CA TI................................................99
TI LIU THAM KHO...............................................................................................101
PH LC..........................................................................................................................102

DANH MC CC T VIT TT
1xEV- DO
3G
3GPP
3GPP2
A.
AGC

1x Evolution Data Optimized

Third Generation
Third Generation Global Partnership
Project
Third Generation Global Partnership
Project 2

Pha 1- Ti u d liu
Th h 3
D n hi nhp ton cu th h 3

Automatic Gain Control

B iu khin tng ch t ng

AMR

Adaptive Multi-Rate codec

AMPS

Advanced Mobile Phone System

B.
BHCA
BER
BLER
BPSK
BSIC
BTS
C.
CDG
CDMA
CN
CRC
D.
DL
DSSS
E.
EDGE
EIRP

Busy Hour Call Attempts

Bit Error Rate
Block Error Rate
Binary Phase Shift Keying
Base station identity code
Base Tranceiver Station

S cuc gi trong gi bn
Tc li bit.
Tc li Block
Kho dch pha nh phn.
M nhn dng trm gc
Trm gc

The CDMA Development Group

Code Division Multiple Access
Core Network
Cylic Redundancy Check

Nhm pht trin CDMA

Truy nhp phn chia theo m
Mng li
M vng kim tra d tha

Downlink
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum

ng xung
H thng tri ph chui trc tip

Enhanced Data Rates for Evolution

Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power
European Telecommunication
Standard Institute

Cc tc d liu tng cng

cho s tin ho
Cng sut bc x ng hng
tng ng
Vin chun ho vin thng Chu
u

Frequency Division Duplex

Phng thc song cng phn chia

theo tn s
a truy nhp phn chia theo tn
s

ETSI
F.
FDD
FDMA

B m ho v gii m a tc
thch nghi
H thng in thoi di ng tin
tin (M)

Frequency Division Multiple Access

Frame Error Rate

FER
T s li khung
G.
GGSN
GPRS
GP
GPS

Gateway GPRS Support Node

General Packet Radio Service
Gain Processer
Global Positioning System

Nt h tr cng GPRS
Dch v v tuyn gi chung.
li xl
H thng nh v ton cu.

GSM

Global System for Mobile

Telecommunication

H thng vin thng di ng ton

cu

H.
HLR
HSDPA

Home Location Registor

High Speed Downlink Packet Access

HSUPA

High Speed Uplink Packet Access

HO
I.
IMT-2000

Handover

B ng k thng tr
Truy nhp gi ng xung tc
cao
Truy nhp gi ln xung tc
cao
Chuyn giao

IMT- MC
IP
ITU
Iub
Iur
K.
KPI
L.
LOS
M.
ME
MMS
MGW
MPLS
MIMO
MSC
MSS
O.
OFDM

International Mobile
Telecommunication 2000
IMT- Multicarrier
Internet Protocol
International Telecommunication
Union

Thng tin di ng ton cu 2000

IMT a sng mang.
Giao thc Internet
Lin hp vin thng quc t.
Giao din gia RNC v nt B
Giao din gia 2 RNC.

Key performace Indicator

B ch th hiu nng chnh.

Line of sight

Tm nhn thng

Mobile Equipment
Multimedia Messaging Service
Media Gateway
Multiprotocol Label Switching
Multi input multi output
Mobile Service Switching Centre

Thit b di ng
Dch v nhn tin a phng tin
Nt cng ca Softswitch
Chuyn mch nhn a giao thc
a phn tp Anten In/Out
Trung tm chuyn mch dch v di
ng.
Nt chuyn mch ca Softswitch

MSC server

OMC

Orthogonal frequency-division
multiplexing
Operation Mainternance Center

Ghp knh phn chia theo tn s

trc giao
Trung tm iu hnh qun l khai
thc

P.
PCU

Packet Control Unit

n v iu khin gi

PN
PPS-IN

Pseudo Noise
Prepaid System - Interligent Network

Gi tp m
H thng iu khin thu bao tr
trc IN

Quardrature Phase Phase Shift

Keying

Kho dch pha cu phng.

R.
RAM
RAT
RNC
RNS
RRC

Radio Access Mode

Radio Access Technology
Radio Network Controller
Radio Network subsystem
Radio Resoure Control protocol

RRM

Radio Resouse Management

Ch truy nhp v tuyn.

Cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn.
B iu khin mng v tuyn.
Phn h mng v tuyn
Giao thc iu khin ti nguyn
v tuyn
Thut ton qun l ti nguyn v
tuyn.

S.
SFN
SCP

System Frame Number

Service Control Point

SDP

Service Data Point

SGSN
SHO
SIP
SIR
SMS
SNR
STP
T.
TDD

Serving GPRS Support Node.

Soft Handover
Session Initiation Protocol
Signal to Interference Ratio
Short Messaging Service
Signal to Noise Ratio
Signaling Transfer Point

TDMA

Time Division Multiple Access

TPC
TSC
U.
UE
UL

Transmission Power Control

Trantsit/Gateway Center

Phng thc song cng phn chia

theo thi gian
a truy nhp phn chia theo thi
gian
iu khin cng sut pht
Trung tm chuyn tip cuc gi

User Equipment
Uplink

Thit b ngi s dng

ng xung

Q.
QPSK

Time Division Duplex

S hiu khung h thng.

Nt h tr iu khin dch v
trong PPS-IN
Nt h tr iu khin d liu trong
PPS-IN
Nt h tr GPRS phc v
Chuyn giao mm.
Giao thc khi to phin
T s tn hiu trn nhiu
Dch v nhn tin ngn.
T s tn hiu trn tp m
im chuyn tip bo hiu

UMTS

H thng vin thng di ng ton

cu.
Modul nhn dng thu bao UMTS

UTRAN

Universal Mobile
Telecommunication System
UMTS Subscriber Identify Module
UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access
Network

V.
VLR
VOIP

Visitor Location Registor

Voice Over Internet Protocol

B ng k tm tr
Truyn thoi qua giao thc
Internet.

Wideband Code Division Multiple

Access

a truy nhp phn chia theo m

bng rng

USIM

W.
WCDMA

Mng truy nhp v tuyn mt t

UMTS

DANH MC CC BNG BIU

DANH MC CC HNH V, TH
Hnh 1-1 Qu trnh pht trin ln 3G ca 2 nhnh cng ngh chnh..............................8
Hnh 1-2 nh hng pht trin cng ngh 4G................................................................9
Hnh 1-3 Qu trnh pht trin ln 3G theo nhnh s dng cng ngh WCDMA........11
Hnh 1-4 Qu trnh pht trin ln 3G theo nhnh CDMA 2000....................................12
Hnh 1.5 Cu trc mng 3G theo tiu chun 3GPP R99................................................16
Hnh 1.6 Cu trc mng 3G theo tiu chun 3GPP R4..................................................17
Hnh 1.7 Cu trc mng 3G theo tiu chun 3GPP R5..................................................19
Hnh 1.8 M hnh cung cp dch v s dng giao thc SIP trn IMS..........................20
Hnh 2-1 Qu trnh tri ph v gii tri ph...................................................................23
Hnh 2-2 Cc cng ngh a truy nhp.............................................................................24
Hnh 2-3 Nguyn l ca a truy nhp tri ph................................................................24
Hnh 2-4 Phn b ph tn cho UMTS chu u...............................................................26
Hnh 2-5 S nh x gia cc knh khc nhau............................................................27
Hnh 2-6 Cu trc cell UMTS...........................................................................................28
Hnh 2-7 Cu trc tng th h thng UMTS/GSM.........................................................29
Hnh 2-8 Cc v tr in hnh ca cc chc nng RRM trong mng WCDMA............32
Hnh 2-9 S so snh gia chuyn giao cng v chuyn giao mm. ..........................35
Hnh 2-10 Chuyn giao gia cc h thng GSM v WCDMA.......................................36
Hnh 2-11 Th tc chuyn giao gia cc h thng..........................................................37
Hnh 2-12 Nhu cu chuyn giao gia cc tn s sng mang WCDMA.........................38
Hnh 2-13 Th tc chuyn giao gia cc tn s...............................................................38
Hnh 2-14 ng cong ti..................................................................................................39
Hnh 3-1 Qu trnh quy hoch v trin khai mng WCDMA.......................................43
Hnh 3-2 Qu trnh tnh bn knh vng ph sng...........................................................46
Hnh 3-3 Vng ph sng ca cell theo cc loi dch v khc nhau................................48
Hnh 3-4 nh hng ca SFM n vng ph sng.........................................................51
Hnh 4.1 M t thit b 3G dng chung s h tng 2G ..................................................78
Hnh 4.2 Phng n s dng anten cho 3G ....................................................................79
Hnh 4.3 M t khi qut vic dng chung feeder..........................................................80
Hnh 4.4 M t dng chung thit b ngun......................................................................81
Hnh 4.5 M t dng chung nh trm..............................................................................82

M U
1. TNH CP THIT CA TI
Thng tin lin lc l mt nhu cu ca bt k mt x hi pht trin no.
p ng nhu cu lin lc ngy cng cao ca x hi, thng tin di ng c
nghin cu v pht trin t rt sm, bt u vi cc h thng thng tin di ng s
dng cng ngh analog, cho n nay cc mng di ng s dng cng ngh s ang
c ng dng rng ri v pht trin v cng mnh m. Mt xu hng r nt trong
lnh vc thng tin di ng hin nay l cc nh cung cp dch v ngoi vic m rng
dung lng khai thc hin c th vic p dng nghin cu cng nh xc nh l
trnh pht trin cng ngh tng cng kh nng cung cp a dch v tt hn n
khch hng ngy cng c quan tm nhiu hn. Trong 3G - H thng thng tin
di ng th h 3 chnh l gii php cng ngh tin tin ang c cc nh khai thc
mng trin khai.
Ti Vit Nam, tri qua hn hai thp k pht trin, cho n nay c nc c
7 nh khai thc dch v thng tin di ng s dng cng ngh GSM v CDMA. iu
minh chng cho cho s pht trin khng ngng ca h tng mng thng tin di
ng trong nc trong xu th hi nhp v th hin s cnh tranh khc lit trong lnh
vc ny. Thc t pht trin th trng ti Vit Nam cho thy, n nay cc mng di
ng s dng cng ngh GSM ang chim u th tuyt i v s lng khch hng
vi 56,5 triu thu bao trn tng s 63,5 triu thu bao di ng (s liu ca Tp ch
Khoa hc k thut v kinh t Bu in). Vi s lng thu bao pht trin ln mnh
nh vy trong thi gian qua cng vi vic cnh tranh khc lit gia cc nh khai
thc dch v thng tin di ng th h tng mng thng tin di ng 2G & 2,5G
c khai thc ti a cho cc dch v truyn thng. Do vy c h tng mng
thch hp cung cp cc dch v trn nn IP/Internet, cc dch v truyn thng
a phng tin multimedia, cc dch v gia tng mi, cc dch v hi t Di
ng-C nh, nht l dch v truyn ting ni di dng gi VoIP v
iu kin cho php h gi thnh cung cp cc dch v ny nhm tng tnh cnh

tranh vi cc doanh nghip vin thng khc th bt buc cn phi c nhng bc

chuyn i, pht trin, nng cp h tng i vi mng di ng hin ti l iu tt
yu v ht sc cp thit.
Cng ha chung vi s tng trng mnh khng ngng ca pht trin kinh t
x hi Vit Nam ni chung v th trng vin thng ni ring, trong nhng nm qua
vi nhiu bc pht trin vt bc a mng VinaPhone cng vi MobilePhone, Viettel tr thnh cc nh cung cp dch v thng tin di ng ln ti Vit
Nam v quy m pht trin thu bao cng nh h tng mng: tng s thu bao ton
mng VinaPhone n ht nm 2008 l 15,5 triu thu bao cng vi h tng mng
ln mnh gm: 30 tng i, 135 BSC v trn 9.000 BTS. Vi xu th chung pht
trin thu bao di ng ti Vit Nam v nhu cu tng cao v cc dch v di ng
Multimedia ...ca khch hng trong thi gian n, mng VinaPhone trn ton quc
ni chung v khu vc Tp Nng ni ring cn phi gp rt thc hin nng cp v
xy dng h tng mng 3G theo nh hng NGN-Mobile. Vic nghin cu tm
hiu v a ra gii php quy hoch thit k chi tit h thng v tuyn UMTS-3G
trong thi gian ngn l v cng cp thit i vi vic kinh doanh v pht trin ca
mng VinaPhone trong thi gian n. V cng tc quy hoch thit k chi tit s gip
VinaPhone ti u v mt ti nguyn x l h thng, ti u v mt khai thc vn
hnh bo dng, chi ph u t mng 3G v ph hp vi quy hoch ti u ha
mng phn vng thit b 2G.
ti Gii php quy hoch mng v tuyn UMTS 3G v p dng trin
khai cho mng VinaPhone khu vc Tp Nng s p ng c nhu cu thit
thc trong pht trin mng VinaPhone ni chung v khu vc Tp Nng ni ring,
a ra dch v 3G sm nht c th l iu rt quan trng v tc ng trc tip n
thng hiu, uy tn, nng lc cnh tranh ca doanh nghip.
2. MC CH NGHIN CU
- Nghin cu, tm hiu v nh gi hin trng mng VinaPhone ni chung v
khu vc Tp Nng ni ring. D bo nhu cu tng trng thu bao 3G ca mng
VinaPhone

- Nghin cu gii php quy hoch mng truy nhp v tuyn UMTS 3G.
- Trin khai quy hoch c th mng truy nhp v tuyn UMTS 3G cho mng
VinaPhone khu vc Tp Nng.
3. I TNG V PHM VI NGHIN CU
a) i tng nghin cu:
- Mng truy nhp v tuyn VinaPhone khu vc Tp Nng
- L thuyt tng quan truy nhp v tuyn WCDMA v cc c im lin quan:
iu khin cng sut v chuyn giao trong qun l ti nguyn v tuyn..
- L thuyt quy hoch h thng truy nhp WCDMA v k thut thit k vng
ph sng, thit k lu lng.
b) Phm vi nghin cu :
- Nghin cu l thuyt v quy hoch mng v tuyn UMTS 3G, thit k vng
ph sng, thit k lu lng, nh c h thng, truyn dn.
- Nghin cu hin trng dung lng v tuyn mng VinaPhone, kh nng v
gii php trin khai nng cp ln 3G.
- Qua nghin cu, tm hiu, a ra kt qu quy hoch mng v tuyn 3G
VinaPhone khu vc Tp Nng.
4. PHNG PHP NGHIN CU
- Nghin cu l thuyt, tm hiu cc thng s lin quan n quy hoch v thit
k mng v tuyn UMTS 3G nh: qu cng sut ng truyn cho cc loi dch v,
h s ti, thng lng cella ra lu thut ton tnh cc thng s lin quan
n vic thit k vng ph sng, ng thi xy dng chng trnh m phng tnh
ton.
- Kho st vng sng theo yu cu thc t cng nh tnh hnh kinh t, x hi,
tnh hnh pht trin mng vin thng trn a bn Tp Nng, kt hp vi nh
hng pht trin v hin trng ca mng VinaPhone. Trn c s , d bo v tnh
ton nhu cu dung lng nh c mng nhm phc v cho vic xy dng cu
hnh mng. Sau khi nh c mng, quy hoch vng ph s i n quy hoch chi tit,

tnh ton s lng cc node, chn v tr t trm v d kin phng n truyn dn

cho cc node.
5. NGHA KHOA HC V THC TIN CA TI
L thuyt v quy hoch mng v tuyn UMTS 3G cng nh cc m hnh
mng thng tin di ng 3G c nghin cu v chun ha rng ri trn ton th
gii. Tuy nhin vic p dng vo thc t ti mi quc gia, ng vi mi nh khai
thc li khng th p dng theo mt l trnh cng nhc no, iu ty thuc vo
hon cnh c th, vo iu kin pht trin ca th trng v th phn ca nh khai
thc . i vi mng VinaPhone, do lng khch hng ngy cng tng c v s
lng v nhu cu dch v, vic trin khai quy hoch chi tit mng v tuyn UMTS
3G p dng cc gii php k thut cng cn c cc nghin cu v nh gi da trn
c im c th ca tng vng, ti ny chnh l mt trong nhng nghin cu
cng tc quy hoch nh gi, nhm trin khai xy dng h thng truy nhp v tuyn
mi vo thc t mt cch bi bn, hiu qu, khng ch p ng nhu cu trc mt
m cn l nhu cu pht trin lu di theo l trnh v nh hng nht nh. Kt qu
ca ti chnh l mt n chi tit nhm trin khai mng v tuyn UMTS 3G st
vi thc t cho mng VinaPhone khu vc Tp Nng trong thi gian gn nht, do
mang tnh thc tin cao.
6. KT CU CA DE TAI:
De tai bao gm 5 chng, vi ni dung tm tt nh sau:
Chng 1: TNG QUAN TNH HNH PHT TRIN CA MNG
THNG TIN DI NG
Chng ny s gii thiu khi qut s pht trin ca h thng thng tin di
ng v xu hng pht trin trong giai on n. Trong s tp trung nghin cu
lch s pht trin v cc c trng c bn ca h thng UMTS 3G v xu hng pht
trin ca mng Vinaphone ln 3G.
Chng 2: H THNG TRUY NHP V TUYN UMTS 3G
Chng ny s gii thiu khi qut mng truy nhp v tuyn UMTS 3G,
trong s tp trung trnh by nhng vn l thuyt lin quan n cng ngh

WCDMA, h thng v tuyn UMTS 3G v nhng c trng ca cng ngh

WCDMA, iu khin cng sut v iu khin chuyn giao trong qun l ti nguyn
v tuyn WCDMA
Chng 3: M HNH THIT K TNH TON QUY HOCH MNG V
TUYN UMTS 3G.
Chng ny trnh by v bi ton thit k quy hoch v xy dng h thng
v tuyn UMTS 3G theo cc thng s v c trung ring ca h thng. T xy
dng chng trnh m phng vic tnh ton chi tit vng ph sng v dung lng h
thng.
Chng 4: HIN TRNG VINAPHONE V NH HNG TRIN KHAI
MNG V TUYN UMTS 3G
Vi s gip ca Cng ty Dch v vin thng VinaPhone, m c bit l
Ban 3G-NGN, chng ny s cung cp cc s liu thc t ca ton mng
VinaPhone tnh n ht thng 6/2009. T y s a ra cc nh hng pht trin
mng v tuyn UMTS 3G cho mng VinaPhone trong giai on 2009-2023.
Chng 5: QUY HOCH V TUYN UMTS 3G MNG VINAPHONE
KHU VC TP NNG
Kho st c th yu cu thc t qua tnh hnh kinh t, x hi, tnh hnh pht
trin mng vin thng trn a bn Tp Nng, kt hp vi nh hng pht trin
v hin trng ca mng VinaPhone. Trn c s , d bo v tnh ton nhu cu
dung lng, vng ph xy dng thit k chi tit mng truy nhp v tuyn UMTS
3G mng VinaPhone khu vc Tp Nng.

Chng 1. TNG QUAN TNH HNH PHT TRIN CA

MNG THNG TIN DI NG
1.1 THNG TIN DI NG S LC PHT TRIN
H thng thng tin di ng theo l trnh pht trin n nay c cc th h sau:
- Th h th nht 1G: H thng thng tin di ng s dng cng ngh a
truy nhp theo tn s (FDMA) l h thng t bo tng t dung lng thp v ch
c dch v thoi, tn ti l cc h thng NMT (Bc u), TACS (Anh), AMPS
(M). n nhng nm 1980 tr nn qu ti khi nhu cu v s ngi s dng
ngy cng tng ln. Lc ny, cc nh pht trin cng ngh di ng trn th gii
nhn nh cn phi xy dng mt h thng t bo th h 2 m hon ton s dng
cng ngh s. phi l cc h thng x l tn hiu s cung cp c dung lng
ln, cht lng thoi c ci thin, c th p ng cc dch truyn s liu tc
thp.
- Th h th hai 2G: Cc h thng 2G gm: GSM (Global System for
Mobile Communication - Chu u), h thng D-AMPS (M) s dng cng ngh a
truy nhp phn chia theo thi gian TDMA, IS-95 M v Hn Quc s dng cng
ngh a truy nhp phn chia theo m CDMA bng hp. Do tnh chun ha v tng
thch qui m vng. Nhiu mng 2G gt hi c thnh cng ng k v c gii
php k thut cng nh hiu qu kinh doanh. Mt trong s ny l s thnh cng ca
h thng GSM v y chnh l mt thnh cng ln hn mong i.
n nm nm 1999, tng thng lng truyn phc v nhu cu truyn
thng tin trn mng di ng 2G, GPRS ra i. GPRS i khi c xem nh l
2,5G. Tc truyn data rate ca GPRS ci tin tc truyn tng ln gp 3 ln
so vi GSM, tc l 20-30Kbps. GPRS cho php pht trin dch v WAP v Internet
(email) tc thp. Tip theo sau, nm 2000, EDGE ra i vi kh nng cung
ng tc ln c 250 Kbps (trn l thuyt). EDGE cn c bit n nh l
2,75G (trn ng tin ti 3G)

Mc d h thng thng tin di ng 2G c coi l nhng tin b ng k

nhng vn gp phi cc hn ch sau: Tc thp v ti nguyn hn hp. V th cn
thit phi chuyn i ln mng thng tin di ng th h tip theo ci thin dch
v truyn s liu, nng cao tc bit v ti nguyn c chia s
Mt khc, khi cc h thng thng tin di ng ngy cng pht trin, khng ch
s lng ngi s dng in thoi di ng tng ln, m rng th trng m ngi
s dng cn i hi cc dch v tin tin hn khng ch l cc dch v cuc gi
thoi truyn thng v dch v s liu tc thp hin c trong mng hin ti. Nhu
cu ca th trng c th phn loi thnh cc lnh vc nh: Dch v d liu my
tnh, dch v vin thng, dch v ni dung s nh m thanh hnh nh.
Nhng l do trn thc y cc t chc nghin cu pht trin h thng thng
tin di ng trn th gii tin hnh nghin cu v p dng trong thc t chun mi
cho h thng thng tin di ng: Thng tin di ng 3G
- Th h th ba 3G: nh hng thit lp mt h thng thng tin di ng
ton cu. T nhu cu thc tin cn phi pht trin ln 3G, cc nh cung cp dch v
mng a ra cc tiu ch chung pht trin ln mng di ng 3G nh sau:
- H thng phi c chun ha hon ton; cc giao din chnh phi c
chun ha v m;
- H thng phi b sung cho h thng hin ti trn mi kha cnh;
- Multimedia v tt c cc thnh phn ca multimedia phi c h thng h
tr;
- Truy nhp radio ca 3G phi cung cp kh nng bng rng;
- Cc dch v i vi ngi dng u cui c lp vi chi tit cng ngh, v
h tng mng khng gii hn a ra dch v. Vy nn phi tch bit platform cng
ngh vi dch v s dng platform .
tng chnh yu n cha sau 3G l chun b mt h tng vn nng c kh
nng ti cc dch v hin ti v tng lai. H tng phi c thit k sao cho nhng
i thay v tin trin cng ngh c th c mng h tr khng gy ra mt bt n
no i vi cc dch v s dng cu trc mng hin ti. lm c vy, 3G tch

bit cng ngh truy cp, cng ngh truyn ti, cng ngh dch v (iu khin u
ni) v nhng ng dng ngi dng.
Hin ti c nhiu chun cng ngh cho 2G nn s c nhiu chun cng ngh
3G i theo, tuy nhin trn thc t ch c 2 tiu chun quan trng nht c sn
phm thng mi v c kh nng c trin khai rng ri trn ton th gii l
WCDMA (FDD) v CDMA 2000. WCDMA c pht trin trn c s tng thch
vi giao thc ca mng li GSM (GSM MAP), mt h thng chim ti 65% th
trng th gii. Cn CDMA 2000 nhm tng thch vi mng li IS-41, hin chim
15% th trng. Qu trnh pht trin ln 3G cng s tp trung vo 2 hng chnh
ny, c th c tm tt trong hnh 1-1.

Hnh 1-1 Qu trnh pht trin ln 3G ca 2 nhnh cng ngh chnh

- Th h th t 4G: Cc nh cung cp dch v v ngi dng u lun
mong mun v hng ti cc cng ngh khng dy c th cung cp c nhiu loi
hnh dch v hn vi tnh nng v cht lng dch v cao hn. Vi cch nhn nhn

ny, Lin minh Vin thng quc t (ITU) v ang lm vic hng ti mt
chun cho mng di ng t bo mi th h th t 4G. ITU ln k hoch c th
cho ra i chun ny mt vi nm ti. Cng ngh ny s cho php thoi da trn IP,
truyn s liu v a phng tin vi tc cao hn rt nhiu so vi cc cng ngh
ca mng di ng hin nay. V l thuyt, theo tnh ton d kin tc truyn d
liu c th ln ti 288 Mb/s.
Cho n hin nay, cha c mt chun no r rng cho 4G c thng qua.
Tuy nhin, nhng cng ngh pht trin cho 3G hin nay s lm tin cho ITU xem
xt pht trin cho chun 4G. Cc s c quan trng ITU thng qua cho chun
4G chnh l t h tr ca cc cng ty di ng ton cu; cc t chc chun ha v
c bit l s xut hin ca ba cng ngh cho vic pht trin mng di ng t bo
LTE (Long-Term Evolution), UMB (Ultramobile Broadband) v WiMAX II (IEEE
802.16m). Ba cng ngh ny c th c xem l cc cng ngh tin 4G. Chng s
l cc cng ngh quan trng gip ITU xy dng cc pht hnh cho chun 4G trong
thi gian ti.

Hnh 1-2 nh hng pht trin cng ngh 4G

Sau y xem xt ba cng ngh c xem l cc cng ngh tin 4G, l cc
cng ngh lm s c xy dng nn chun 4G trong tng lai, gm:
- LTE (Long-Term Evolution)
T chc chun ha cng ngh mng thng tin di ng 3G UMTS 3GPP bao
gm cc t chc chun ha ca cc nc chu , chu u v Bc M bt u
chun ha th h tip theo ca mng di ng 3G l LTE.

10

LTE c xy dng trn nn cng ngh GSM, v th n d dng thay th v

trin khai cho nhiu nh cung cp dch v. Nhng khc vi GSM, LTE s dng
phng thc ghp knh phn chia theo tn s trc giao (OFDM). LTE s dng ph
tn mt cch thch hp v mm do, n c th hot ng bng tn c rng t
1,25MHz cho ti 20MHz. Tc truyn d liu ln nht v l thuyt ca LTE c
th t ti 250Mb/s khi rng bng tn l 20MHz. LTE khc vi cc cng ngh
tin 4G khc nh WiMAX II ch n ch s dng a truy nhp phn chia theo tn
s trc giao hng ln, cn hng xung n s dng a truy nhp phn chia
theo tn s n sng mang nng cao hiu qu trong vic iu khin cng sut v
nng cao thi gian s dng pin cho thit b u cui ca khch hng.
- UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband): T chc chun ha cng ngh thng tin
di ng 3G CDMA2000 3GPP2 (3rd Generation Partnership Project 2) c thnh
lp v pht trin bi cc t chc vin thng ca Nht, Trung Quc, Bc M v Hn
Quc xut pht trin UMB. Thnh vin ca 3GPP2, Qualcomm l ngi i
u trong n lc pht trin UMB, mc d cng ty ny cng ch tm c vo vic
pht trin LTE.
UMB da trn CDMA c th hot ng bng tn c rng t 1,25MHz
n 20MHz v lm vic nhiu di tn s. UMB c xut vi tc truyn d
liu ln ti 288Mb/s cho lung xung v 75Mb/s cho lung trn vi rng bng
tn s dng l 20MHz. Cng ngh ny s cung cp kt ni thng qua cc sng
mang da trn a truy nhp phn chia theo m CDMA.
- IEEE 802.16m (WiMAX II): Nh chng ta bit, WiMAX hay chun
802.16 ban u c xy dng cho mc ch chnh l cung cp cc dch v mng c
nh. Chun IEEE 802.16e c pht trin thm tnh nng di ng t cc chun
WiMAX trc . IEEE 802.16 l mt chui cc chun do IEEE pht trin, chng
h tr c c nh v di ng, l cng ngh truyn thng, truy nhp din rng, n
cng c gi vi mt tn khc l WiMAX. WiMAX hot ng trong di tn t
10GHz n 66 GHz.

11

IEEE 802.16m hay cn gi l WiMAX II l cng ngh duy nht trong cc

cng ngh tin 4G c xy dng hon ton da trn cng ngh a truy nhp phn
chia theo tn s trc giao OFDMA. WiMAX II c pht trin ln t chun IEEE
802.16e. Cng ngh WiMAX II s h tr tc truyn d liu ln ti 100Mb/s cho
cc ng dng di ng v c th ln ti 1Gb/s cho cc ngi dng tnh. Khong cch
truyn cho WiMAX II s khong 2 km mi trng thnh th v l khong 10 km
cho cc khu vc nng thn.
1.2 H THNG THNG TIN DI NG 3G THEO 2 NHNH CNG NGH
CHNH:
1.2.1 Hng pht trin ln 3G s dng cng ngh WCDMA
WCDMA l mt tiu chun thng tin di ng 3G ca IMT-2000 c pht
trin ch yu Chu u vi mc ch cho php cc mng cung cp kh nng
chuyn vng ton cu v h tr nhiu dch v thoi, dch v a phng tin. Cc
mng WCDMA c xy dng da trn c s mng GSM, tn dng c s h tng
sn c ca cc nh khai thc mng GSM. Qu trnh pht trin t GSM ln WCDMA
qua cc giai on trung gian, c th c tm tt trong s sau y:

Hnh 1-3 Qu trnh pht trin ln 3G theo nhnh s dng cng ngh WCDMA
- GPRS: GPRS cung cp cc kt ni s liu chuyn mch gi vi tc
truyn ln ti 171,2Kbps (tc s liu nh) v h tr giao thc Internet TCP/IP
v X25, nh vy tng cng ng k cc dch v s liu ca GSM.
Cng vic tch hp GPRS vo mng GSM hin ti l mt qu trnh n gin.
Mt phn cc khe trn giao din v tuyn dnh cho GPRS, cho php ghp knh s
liu gi c lp lch trnh trc i vi mt s trm di ng. Cn mng li GSM
c to thnh t cc kt ni chuyn mch knh c m rng bng cch thm vo
cc nt chuyn mch s liu Gateway mi, c gi l GGSN v SGSN. GPRS l

12

mt gii php c chun ho hon ton vi cc giao din m rng v c th

chuyn thng ln 3G v cu trc mng li.
- EDGE: H thng 2,5G tip theo i vi GSM l EDGE. EDGE p dng
phng php iu ch 8PSK, iu ny lm tng tc ca GSM ln 3 ln. EDGE l
l tng i vi pht trin GSM, n ch cn nng cp phn mm trm gc. Nu
EDGE c kt hp cng vi GPRS th khi c gi l EGPRS. Tc ti a
i vi EGPRS khi s dng c 8 khe thi gian l 384kbps.
- WCDMA: WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) l mt

cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn c pht trin mnh Chu u. H thng ny hot
ng ch FDD & TDD v da trn k thut tri ph chui trc tip (DSSSDirect Sequence Spectrum) s dng tc chip 3,84Mcps bn trong bng tn
5MHz. WCDMA h tr trn vn c dch v chuyn mch knh v chuyn mch
gi tc cao v m bo s hot ng ng thi cc dch v hn hp vi ch
gi hot ng mc hiu qu cao nht. Hn na WCDMA c th h tr cc tc
s liu khc nhau, da trn th tc iu chnh tc .
1.2.2 Hng pht trin ln 3G s dng cng ngh CDMA 2000.
H thng CDMA 2000 gm mt s nhnh hoc giai on pht trin khc
nhau h tr cc dch v ph c tng cng. Ni chung CDMA 2000 l mt
cch tip cn a sng mang cho cc sng c rng n ln 1,25MHz hot ng
ch FDD. Nhng cng vic chun ho tp trung vo gii php mt sng mang
n 1,25MHz (1x) vi tc chip gn ging IS-95. CDMA 2000 c pht trin t
cc mng IS-95 ca h thng thng tin di ng 2G, c th m t qu trnh pht trin
trong hnh v sau:

Hnh 1-4 Qu trnh pht trin ln 3G theo nhnh CDMA 2000.

13

- IS-95B: IS-95B hay CDMA One c coi l cng ngh thng tin di ng
2,5G thuc nhnh pht trin CDMA 2000, l mt tiu chun kh linh hot cho php
cung cp dch v s liu tc ln n 115Kbps
- CDMA 2000 1xRTT: Giai on u ca CDMA2000 c gi l 1xRTT
hay ch l 1xEV-DO, c thit k nhm ci thin dung lng thoi ca IS-95B v
h tr kh nng truyn s liu tc nh ln ti 307,2Kbps. Tuy nhin, cc
thit b u cui thng mi ca 1x mi ch cho php tc s liu nh ln ti
153,6kbps.
-CDMA 2000 1xEV-DO: 1xEV-DO c hnh thnh t cng ngh HDR
(High Data Rate) ca Qualcomm v c chp nhn vi tn ny nh l mt tiu
chun thng tin di ng 3G vo thng 8 nm 2001 v bo hiu cho s pht trin ca
gii php n sng mang i vi truyn s liu gi ring bit.
Nguyn l c bn ca h thng ny l chia cc dch v thoi v dch v s
liu tc cao vo cc sng mang khc nhau. 1xEV-DO c th c xem nh mt
mng s liu xp chng, yu cu mt sng mang ring. tin hnh cc cuc gi
va c thoi, va c s liu trn cu trc xp chng ny cn c cc thit b hot
ng 2 ch 1x v 1xEV-DO.
- CDMA 2000 1xEV-DV: Trong cng ngh 1xEV-DO c s d tha v ti
nguyn do s phn bit c nh ti nguyn dnh cho thoi v ti nguyn dnh cho s
liu. Do CDG (nhm pht trin CDMA) khi u pha th ba ca CDMA 2000
bng cc a cc dch v thoi v s liu quay v ch dng mt sng mang
1,25MHz v tip tc duy tr s tng thch ngc vi 1xRTT. Tc s liu cc
i ca ngi s dng ln ti 3,1Mbps tng ng vi kch thc gi d liu 3.940
bit trong khong thi gian 1,25ms.
- CDMA 2000 3x(MC- CDMA ): CDMA 2000 3x hay 3xRTT cp n s
la chn a sng mang ban u trong cu hnh v tuyn CDMA 2000 v c gi
l MC-CDMA (Multi carrier) thuc IMT-MC trong IMT-2000. Cng ngh ny lin
quan n vic s dng 3 sng mang 1x tng tc s liu v c thit k cho
di tn 5MHz (gm 3 knh 1,25Mhz). S la chn a sng mang ny ch p dng
c trong truyn dn ng xung. ng ln tri ph trc tip, ging nh
WCDMA vi tc chip hi thp hn mt t 3,6864Mcps (3 ln 1,2288Mcps).

14

1.3. MNG UMTS 3G V NH HNG CNG NGH MNG

VINAPHONE
1.3.1 nh hng cng ngh & dch v theo tiu chun chu u do 3GPP qui
nh p dng cho mng Vinaphone
Chun 3GPP qui nh pht trin cng ngh v cu trc mng GSM 2G truyn
thng pht trin ln UMTS 3G theo nhnh s dng cng ngh WCDMA vi xu
hng s dng truyn ti TDM tin n mt mng "All IP" theo trnh t phin bn:
3GPP R99, 3GPP R4, 3GPP R5 v 3GPP R6. Mng Vinaphone trong giai on hn
13 nm qua u t tr thnh mng GSM 2,5G v l phn u trong qu trnh
chun ho 3 GPP. V vy La chn nh hng tin trin thng tin di ng ln 3G
cho mang Vinaphone theo tiu chun chu u do 3GPP khuyn ngh v:
- Chun ETSI cho thng tin di ng GSM ng nht cho cc nc chu u
c th s dng ton cu ha thng tin mobile nh hng 3G;
- Mng VINAPHONE ang theo chun GSM/ETSI chu u l GSM
900/1800.
- UMTS tha hng nhiu phn t chc nng t GSM hin ti. Nn vic tn
dng cc thit b ang c trn mng s em li nhiu thun li ln cho Vinaphone .
1.3.2 Ni dung ch yu cc phin bn tiu chun 3GPP
ETSI l t chc tiu chun thng tin di ng GSM trong nhng nm 1980 v
1990. ETSI cn xy dng cu trc chun ha mng GPRS. Chun cui cng ETSI
xy dng nm 1998.
3GPP thnh lp nm 1998 l t chc kt hp ca cc t chc tiu chun ha:
chu u, Nht, Nam Triu tin, M v Trung quc. Mc ch chun ha h thng
thng tin di ng 3G theo nh hng:
- Phn truy nhp v tuyn s dng WCDMA v TD-CDMA;
- Phn core: pht trin t GSM, k tha nhng nhng tiu chun ETSI do
SMG xy dng.
n nm 2001, sau khi hon thnh phin bn 3GPP R99, 3GPP chia thnh
hai t chc:

15

- 3GPP: xy dng cc tiu chun pht trin mng core, dch v, cu trc h
thng, truy cp radio WCDMA v TD-CDMA;
- ETSI SMG: pht trin truy nhp radio GSM v EDGE.
Trong 3GPP xy dng cc b tiu chun trn c s nm. Phin bn u
tin l 3GPP Release 99 (3GPP R99). n nay 3GPP c 04 phin bn v ang
c cc nh khai thc trn th gii p dng:
- 3GPP release 99 (3GPP R99): chnh thc c p dng t thng 3/2001;
- 3GPP release 4 (3GPP R4): chnh thc c p dng t thng 9/2002;
- 3GPP release 5 (3GPP R5): thng 12/2003 ang c p dng;
- 3GPP release 6 (3GPP R6): b sung nhng im thiu trong IMS 3GPP R5
v a thm vo mt s features mi; tin ti mt mng truyn ti All IP.
Ni dung c bn tng phin bn 3GPP qui nh nh sau:
1.3.2.1 GPP R99
a) Nhng yu cu chnh
Tp trung vo s ang hin din ca mng GSM, c 02 yu cu t ra l:
- Mng UMTS phi tng thch vi mng GSM ang tn ti;
- Hai mng UMTS v GSM phi c kh nng lm vic tng tc.
Truy nhp v tuyn WCDMA l im mu cht nht m 3GPP R99 gii
quyt. Thm vo , UTRAN cng c a ra vi giao din Iu.
So snh vi cc giao din A v Gb trong GSM, 3GPP R99 t c hai im
c bn:
- Transcoding cho speech trn Iu c core m nhim thay cho BTS trong
GSM;
- M ha s liu di ng mc cell trn giao din Iu c RNC m nhn
thay cho SGSN i vi GPRS.
Vy n gin, mng 3G R99 l h thng mng GSM-based. l mt mng
GSM c hai mng truy cp v hai mng truy cp cung cp lu lng c tc khc
nhau cho c hai min core CS v PS.
b) Cu hnh k thut

16

3GPP a ra mt phng php truy nhp v tuyn mi WCDMA. Thit b v

tuyn WCDMA khng tng thch vi thit b v tuyn GSM nn phi a b sung
mt h thng thit b mi l RNC v Node-B. Phn mng v tuyn WCDMA gi
l UTRAN.
Mt yu cu chnh cho UMTS l hot ng tng tc GSM/UMTS. V d
handover t GERAN sang UTRAN v ngc li. Yu cu ny c thc hin bi:
- Th nht: hng downlink, giao din air GSM c c pht trin c
th qung b thng tin sng WCDMA. Cng nh vy downlink ca radio WCDMA
cng qung b thng tin v sng GSM;
- Th hai: nhm gim thiu u t, cc chun 3GPP yu cu 2G MSC/VLR
GSM phi lm vic c vi UTRAN.

Hnh 1.5 Cu trc mng 3G theo tiu chun 3GPP R99

Cc im quan trng ca phn Core trong 3GPP R99, gm:
- Cc node core trong min CS nh MSC/VLR v HLR/AuC/EIR phi thay
i v phi s l ng thi c thu bao 2G v 3G.
- Vi min PS: tn v s lng cc node mng GPRS ging trong 2G, nhng
chc nng SGSN th rt khc. Trong 2G, SGSN m nhim chc nng qun l di
ng (MM) cho ni mch gi s liu. Trong 3G chc nng MM c RNC v
SGSN san s. Ngha l min PS khng qun l s thay i cell ca thu bao trong
UTRAN m l RNC.

17

1.3.2.2 3GPP R4
a) Nhng yu cu chnh
Cha c IMS, ch n nh nhng thay i trong min CS core UMTS tch
lung d liu ngi dng ra khi cc c ch iu khin cng mt s kha cnh khc,
ch yu nh sau:
- Chc nng iu khin s dng MSC Server. Chc nng chuyn mch d
liu ngi s dng dng MGW;
- IP transport cho cc giao thc mng core;
- IP ha cho giao din Gb min PS;
b) Cu hnh k thut
- MSC min CS trong GSM truyn thng c 3GPP R4 tch ring chc
nng iu khin s dng MSC Server vi chc nng ni mch vn chuyn lu
lng s dng MGW.
- MSC Server v MGW c quan h mt-nhiu. Mt MSC Server c th
iu khin nhiu MGW.
- V c bn 3GPP R4 khng cung cp, ci thin thm dch v.
- Cu trc 3GPP R4 bt u a IP vo h thng Core CS. Cu trc
softwsitch to bi MSC Server MGW to tin nh hng transport All IP.
Gim chi ph truyn dn, phn lp cu trc chc nng; nh hng pht trin dch
v c lp vi h tng mng.

Hnh 1.6 Cu trc mng 3G theo tiu chun 3GPP R4

18

im quan trng nht trong 3G R4 l:

- 3G R4 l ng thi IP ha ton b min CS. Truyn ti cng IP/ATM,
chuyn mch cng IP/ATM. Cng ngh SOFTSWITCH c a vo nhm mc
ch ny. Cng ngh SOFTSWITCH tch MSC c in thnh:
+ MSC-Server l phn t iu khin, ni IP giao thc MEGACO n
+ Media Gateway l phn t chuyn mch dch v ngi dng. Dch
v ngi dng l dch v c trn min chuyn mch knh CS truyn thng,
nhng li dng chuyn mch IP/ATM.
1.3.2.3 3GPP R5
a) Nhng yu cu chnh
- a IMS vo mng UMTS, cung cp c ch v t chc multimedia. IP v
cc giao thc trn IP cng s c s dng lm c ch iu khin. D liu ngi
dng v c bn cng da trn IP. IP cng c s dng lm giao thc truyn thay
th SS7, mt giao thc chnh ang dng trong dch v chuyn mch knh.
- 3GPP R5 a IMS vo tiu chun ha. IMS c h tr bi cu trc tiu
chun c lp da trn IP v c ni vi cc mng thoi v s liu hin ti cho c
ngi s dng mng c nh (nh PSTN, ISDN, Internet) v mobile (nh GSM,
CDMA).
- Kin trc IMS c kh nng thit lp truyn thng IP peer-to-peer vi tt c
cc lient vi yu cu cht lng dch v. Thm vo kh nng qun l phin lm
vic, kin trc IMS cng c cc chc nng a ch, m l iu cn thit t
chc dch v (nh ng k, bo mt, cc, iu khin truyn thng, roaming). IMS
s to nn tri tim ca mng core.
3GPP R5 cng chun ha c ch dch v IP multimedia da trn SIP. SIP
cha cc chc nng phn t logic, m t phng cch ni cc phn t, a ra cc
giao thc v cc th tc.
b) Cu hnh k thut

19

Hnh 1.7 Cu trc mng 3G theo tiu chun 3GPP R5

Nhng im chnh tp trung vo:
- Vn chuyn IP trn ton b h thng mng t BS n network border
gateway;
- a IMS vo bt u ng dng cc dch v multimedia;
- Hp nht giao din m gia cc mng truy cp v mng core khc nhau;
- t c nng lc cao trn giao din v tuyn UTRAN hng downlink.
3G R5 n gin ha cu trc mng cho php cc giao thc truyn ti s dng
hiu qu hn so vi 3G R4, IP ha ton b truyn ti lm n gin ha cu trc
truyn ti.
V dch v, IMS ng vai tr chnh trong 3G R5 v trong c nhng pht trin
dch v tng lai.
Trong pha ny, 3GPP khuyn ngh v tuyn UTRAN trin khai cng ngh
HSDPA tng tc s liu downlink nhm cung cp hiu qu cc dch v khng
i xng (ti s liu downlink ln hn uplink nhiu).
c) IMS
Mt mng 3G UMTS hon thin qua 3G R99, R4 cung cp c mt h
tng mng truyn ti IP linh hot cho cc terminal s dng GPRS, EDGE, v
WCDMA cho cc dch v s liu.

20

IMS l mt gii php pht trin tch bit nhng IMS lm h tng cho php
trin khai cung cp dch v trn nhiu h tng mng khc nhau. Mt trong s l
mng 3G UMTS.

Hnh 1.8 M hnh cung cp dch v s dng giao thc SIP trn IMS
IMS cung cp mt c ch ni mch ni cc terminal s dng IP. Hnh I.5,
IMS dng giao thc SIP trn min PS iu khin phin cung cp cc dch v
multimedia. Qua IP v qua IMS , ngi dng s dng terminal IP thit lp cc ni
mch vi cc Server Dch v khc nhau nhn dch v, v c bit, dng cc dch
v IP gia cc my u cui.

Lc ny pht trin dch v 3G l pht trin cc ng dng Aplication Server

trn nn IMS.
1.3.2.4 3GPP R6
3GPP R6 b xung nhng im thiu trong IMS 3GPP R5 v a thm vo
mt s features mi c nh hnh r rng.
Nhng ni dung khc ch l xu hng. Xu hng pht trin cc phin bn
3GPP cao hn R5 bao gm:
- Hon thin IP ha ton mng UMTS;
- Trin khai cng ngh truy cp HSUPA cho WCDMA nhm nng kh nng
uplink cho cc dch dng IP

21

- Nghin cu a truy nhp v cc mng hot ng tng tc nh hng hi

t.
1.4 KT LUN CHNG
Mi thc s pht trin trong vng 20 nm, nhng nhng bc tin trong
cng ngh cng nh trong s pht trin th trng ca mng di ng cho thy thng
tin di ng l mt nhu cu thit yu v quan trng i vi ngi dng. n nay,
in thoi di khng ch dng gi in, nhn tin SMS m cn c th gi v nhn
MMS, email; lu cc tp m thanh, hnh nh, d liu cng chc nng nghe nhc,
gii tr; lt web, xem TV trc tuyn
Cc nh cung cp dch v v ngi dng u lun mong mun v hng ti
cc cng ngh khng dy c th cung cp c nhiu loi hnh dch v hn vi tnh
nng v cht lng dch v cao hn. Qua cc giai on pht trin cc th h
thng tin di ng t 1G, 2G, 3G v 4G trong tng lai u gn cht vi nhu cu ca
ngi dng thng qua cc tc dch v ca cc th h.
Hin nay, phn ln cc nh khai thc vin thng ln trn th gii u ln k
hoch thc hin 4G cho cc vng th, ni m c nhiu cc t chc, cng ty cng
nh s lng khch hng ln - cc i tng m lun mong mun cc dch v cht
lng tt v tc truyn d liu cao. Tuy nhin, trc mt cc nh u t s tip
tc cung cp cc dch v 3G cng nh 3,5G v n c xem nh l qu trnh thc
hin tng bc cho 4G. iu ny khng ch gip h tip tc m rng vng ph
sng, gia tng s lng khch hng v gip thu hi vn u t cho 3G. Vi
ngi dng, h c th chuyn d dng sang cng ngh 4G, bi n gin vi h
ch l s m rng cc ng dng ca mng 3G hay 3,5G m h ang dng.

22

Chng 2. H THNG TRUY NHP V TUYN UMTS

2.1. NGUYN L CDMA
2.1.1. Nguyn l tri ph CDMA
Theo nguyn l dung lng knh truyn ca Shannon c m t trong
(1.1), th dung lng knh truyn c th c tng ln bng cch tng bng tn knh
truyn.

C = B.log 2 (1 +

S
)
N

(1.1)

Trong B l bng thng (Hz), C l dung lng knh (bit/s), S l cng sut
tn hiu v N l cng sut tp m.
V vy, vi mt t s S/N c th, dung lng tng ln nu bng thng s
dng truyn tng. CDMA l cng ngh thc hin tri tn hiu gc thnh tn hiu
bng rng trc khi truyn i. T s rng bng tn truyn thc vi rng bng
tn ca thng tin cn truyn c gi l li x l (GP ) hoc l h s tri ph.

Gp =

Bt
Bi

hoc

Gp =

B
R

(1.2)

Trong Bt :l rng bng tn truyn thc t

Bi : rng bng tn ca tn hiu mang tin
B : l rng bng tn RF
R : l tc thng tin
Mi quan h gia t s S/N v t s E b/I0 (trong Eb l nng lng trn mt
bit v I0 l mt ph nng lng tp m) th hin trong cng thc sau :

S Eb R Eb 1
=
=

N I0 B I0 Gp

(1.3)

23

Do vy, vi mt yu cu E b/I0 xc nh v li x l cng cao, th t s

S/N yu cu cng thp. i vi h thng CDMA u tin l CDMA IS-95, bng
thng truyn dn l 1,25MHz v v sau trong h thng WCDMA, bng thng
truyn khong 5MHz.
2.1.2. K thut tri ph v gii tri ph
Tri ph v gii tri ph l hot ng c bn nht trong cc h thng DSCDMA. D liu ngi s dng gi s l chui bit c iu ch BPSK c tc l
R. Hot ng tri ph chnh l nhn mi bit d liu ngi s dng vi mt chui n
bit m, c gi l cc chip. y, ta ly n=8 th h s tri ph l 8, ngha l khi
thc hin iu ch tri ph BPSK th kt qu tc d liu s l 8xR v c dng
xut hin ngu nhin nh l m tri ph. Vic tng tc d liu ln 8 ln p ng
vic m rng (vi h s l 8) ph ca tn hiu d liu ngi s dng c tri ra.
Tn hiu bng rng ny s c truyn qua cc knh v tuyn n u cui thu.

Hnh 2-1 Qu trnh tri ph v gii tri ph

Trong qu trnh gii tri ph, cc chui chip/d liu ngi s dng tri ph
c nhn tng bit vi cng cc chip m 8 c s dng trong qu trnh tri ph.
Nh trn hnh v tn hiu ngi s dng ban u c khi phc hon ton.
2.1.3. K thut a truy nhp CDMA
Mt mng thng tin di ng l mt h thng nhiu ngi s dng, trong
mt s lng ln ngi s dng chia s ngun ti nguyn vt l chung truyn v

24

nhn thng tin. Dung lng a truy nhp l mt trong cc yu t c bn ca h

thng. Trong lch s thng tin di ng tn ti cc cng ngh a truy nhp khc
nhau : TDMA, FDMA v CDMA. S khc nhau gia chng c ch ra trong hnh
2-2.

Hnh 2-2 Cc cng ngh a truy nhp

Trong h thng CDMA, cc tn hiu cho ngi s dng khc nhau c
truyn i trong cng mt bng tn ti cng mt thi im. Mi tn hiu ngi s
dng ng vai tr nh l nhiu i vi tn hiu ca ngi s dng khc, do dung
lng ca h thng CDMA gn nh l mc nhiu v khng c con s ln nht c
nh nn dung lng ca h thng CDMA c gi l dung lng mm.
Hnh 2-3 ch ra mt v d lm th no 3 ngi s dng c th truy nhp
ng thi trong mt h thng CDMA.

Hnh 2-3 Nguyn l ca a truy nhp tri ph

25

Ti bn thu, ngi s dng 2 s gii tri ph tn hiu thng tin ca n tr li

tn hiu bng hp, ch khng phi tn hiu ca bt c ngi no khc. Bi v s
tng quan cho gia m ca ngi s dng mong mun v cc m ca ngi s
dng khc l rt nh.
li x l v c im bng rng ca qu trnh x l em li nhiu li ch
cho cc h thng CDMA, nh hiu sut ph cao v dung lng mm. Tuy nhin, tt
c nhng li ch yu cu vic s dng k thut iu khin cng sut mt cch
nghim ngt v chuyn giao mm nhm trnh cho tn hiu ca ngi s dng
ny che thng tin ca ngi s dng khc.
2.2. MT S C TRUNG LP VT L TRONG MNG TRUY NHP
WCDMA
2.2.1. Phng thc song cng.
Hai phng thc song cng c s dng trong kin trc WCDMA: Song
cng phn chia theo thi gian (TDD) v song cng phn chia theo tn s (FDD).
Phng php FDD cn hai bng tn cho ng ln v ng xung. Phng thc
TDD ch cn mt bng tn. Thng thng ph tn s c bn cho cc nh khai
thc theo cc di c th bng 2x10MHz hoc 2x15MHz cho mi b iu khin. Mc
d c mt s c im khc nhau nhng c hai phng thc u c tng hiu sut
gn ging nhau. Ch TDD khng cho php gia my di ng v trm gc c tr
truyn ln, bi v s gy ra ng gia cc khe thi gian thu v pht. V vy m
ch TDD ph hp vi cc mi trng c tr truyn thp, cho nn ch TDD
vn hnh cc pico cell. Mt u im ca TDD l tc d liu ng ln v
ng xung c th rt khc nhau, v vy m ph hp cho cc ng dng c c tnh
bt i xng gia ng ln v ng xung, chng hn nh Web browsing. Trong
qu trnh hoch nh mng, cc u im v nhc im ca hai phng php ny
c th b tr. Lun vn ny ch tp trung nghin cu ch FDD.
Hnh di y ch ra s phn b ph tn s ca h thng UMTS Chu u.

26

Hnh 2-4 Phn b ph tn cho UMTS chu u.

2.2.2. Dung lng mng
Kt qu ca vic s dng cng ngh a truy nhp tri ph CDMA l dung
lng ca cc h thng UMTS khng b gii hn cng, c ngha l mt ngi s
dng c th b sung m khng gy ra nghn bi s lng phn cng hn ch. H
thng GSM c s lng cc lin kt v cc knh c nh ch cho php mt lu
lng ln nht c tnh ton v hoch nh trc nh s dng cc m hnh
thng k. Trong h thng UMTS bt c ngi s dng mi no s gy ra mt lng
nhiu b sung cho nhng ngi s dng ang c mt trong h thng, nh hng
n ti ca h thng. Nu c s m th mc tng nhiu do tng ti l c cu gii
hn dung lng chnh trong mng. Vic cc cell b co hp li do ti cao v vic
tng dung lng ca cc cell m cc cell ln cn n c mc nhiu thp l cc hiu
ng th hin c im dung lng xc nh nhiu trong cc mng CDMA. Chnh v
th m trong cc mng CDMA c c im dung lng mm. c bit, khi quan
tm n chuyn giao mm th cc c cu ny lm cho vic hoch nh mng tr nn
phc tp.
2.2.3. Cc knh giao din v tuyn UTRA FDD
Giao din v tuyn UTRA FDD c cc knh logic, chng c nh x vo
cc knh chuyn vn, cc knh chuyn vn li nh x vo knh vt l. Hnh v sau
ch ra s cc knh v s nh x ca chng vo cc knh khc.

27

Hnh 2-5 S nh x gia cc knh khc nhau.

2.2.4. Cu trc Cell.
Trong sut qu trnh thit k ca h thng UMTS cn phi ch nhiu hn
n s phn tp mi trng ca ngi s dng. Cc mi trng nng thn ngoi
tri, th ngoi tri, hay th trong nh c h tr bn cnh cc m hnh di
ng khc nhau gm ngi s dng tnh, ngi i b n ngi s dng trong mi
trng xe c ang chuyn ng vi vn tc rt cao. yu cu mt vng ph sng
rng khp v kh nng roaming ton cu, UMTS pht trin cu trc lp cc min
phn cp vi kh nng ph sng khc nhau. Lp cao nht bao gm cc v tinh bao
ph ton b tri t; Lp thp hn hnh thnh nn mng truy nhp v tuyn mt t
UTRAN. Mi lp c xy dng t cc cell, cc lp cng thp cc vng a l bao
ph bi cc cell cng nh. V vy cc cell nh c xy dng h tr mt
ngi s dng cao hn. Cc cell macro ngh cho vng ph mt t rng kt hp
vi cc micro cell tng dung lng cho cc vng mt dn s cao. Cc cell
pico c dng cho cc vng c coi nh l cc im nng yu cu dung lng
cao trong cc vng hp (v d nh sn bay). Nhng iu ny tun theo 2 nguyn
l thit k bit trong vic trin khai cc mng t bo: cc cell nh hn c th

28

c s dng tng dung lng trn mt vng a l, cc cell ln hn c th m

rng vng ph sng.

Hnh 2-6 Cu trc cell UMTS.

2.3 CU TRC H THNG V TUYN UMTS
Mt h thng UMTS sau khi c nng cp v m rng t h thng GSM
hin c th cu trc h thng c th c m t tng quan nh sau:

29

UMTS/GSM Network
UE

AN

CN
MSC
MSC

SIM
SIM

MT Um
MT

BTS

BSS
Abis

SCF
SCF

E,
G

GMSC
GMSC

A
BSC

MSC
MSC

D
HLR
HLR

F
EIR
EIR
USI Cu
USI
M
M

M
Uu
EM
E

BS

RNS
Iub

Gb

SGSN
SGSN

M
Uu
EM
E

BS

Iu

RNS
Iub

Gr
Gf

RNC
Iur

USI Cu
USI
M
M

External
Networks

Gd,
Gp,
Gn+

MGW
MGW

RNC
SGSN
SGSN

AUC
AUC

SMSSMSGMSC
GMSC
SMSSMSIWMSC
IWMSC
Gn+

ISDN
PSTN
PSPDN
CSPDN
PDN:
-Intranet
-Extranet
-Internet

GGSN
GGSN

Note:
Not all interfaces
shown and named

UTRAN

Hnh 2-7 Cu trc tng th h thng UMTS/GSM.

Trong UTRAN bao gm mt hay nhiu phn h mng v tuyn (RNS),
mt RNS l mt mng con trong UTRAN v bao gm mt b iu khin mng v
tuyn (RNC) v mt hay nhiu Node-B.
Cc yu cu chnh thit k kin trc, giao thc v chc nng UTRAN:
- Tnh h tr ca UTRAN v cc chc nng lin quan: Yu cu tc ng n
thit k ca UTRAN l cc yu cu h tr chuyn giao mm (mt thit b u cui
kt ni ti mng thng qua 2 hay nhiu cell ang hot ng) v cc thut ton qun
l ngun ti nguyn v tuyn c bit ca WCDMA.
- Lm tng s tng ng trong vic iu khin d liu chuyn mch gi v
chuyn mch knh vi mt ngn xp giao thc giao din v tuyn duy nht v vi
vic s dng cng mt giao din cho cc kt ni t UTRAN n min chuyn mch
gi v chuyn mch knh ca mng li.
- Lm tng tnh tng ng vi GSM.

30

- S dng kiu chuyn vn trn c s IP nh l c cu chuyn vn thay th

trong UTRAN k t Release 5 tr i.
- Cc thit b UTRAN vi chi ph CAPEX v OPEX c tit kim ti a.
ng thi cc thit b UTRAN c thit k module ha v v c tnh linh hot hp
l cho vic m rng dung lng trong tng lai. H thng UTRAN c kh nng
nng cp ln phin bn phn mm cao hn m ch gy ra tc ng rt nh ti hot
ng thng thng ca h thng.
2.3.1 Node-B
Node-B l mt thut ng s dng trong UMTS biu th BTS (trm thu
pht gc) v s dng cng ngh WCDMA trn ng v tuyn. Cng nh trong tt
c cc h thng t ong UMTS v GSM, Node B thc hin vic thu pht tn s v
tuyn lin lc trc tip vi cc my di ng di chuyn t do xung quanh n.
Mt cch truyn thng, cc Node B c nhng chc nng ti thiu v thu pht
v tuyn v c iu khin bi RNC (Radio Network Controller). Vic s dng
cng ngh WCDMA cho php mt cell thuc mt Node B hoc cc Node B khc
nhau cng c qun l bi cc RNC khc nhau chng ln nhau v vn s dng
mt tn s ging nhau (trn thc t, ton b mng c th dng ch mt cp tn s).
Node B bao gm cc loi cu hnh: Macro Indoor, Macro Outdoor, Mini
Indoor, Mini outdoor, Micro Indoor, Micro Outdoor, Pico,...
2.3.2 RNC (Radio Network Control)
RNC l mt thnh phn trong mng truy nhp v tuyn UTMS. RNC v c
bn c nhng chc nng ging BSC trong h thng BSS GSM:
- Trung gian gia trm gc (Node B trong UMTS) v h thng mng li;
- iu khin cuc gi v tuyn (qun l ti nguyn v tuyn, iu khin v
qun l chuyn giao cuc gi );
RNC c kt ni n:
- Mng li, qua giao tip Iu.
- Cc Node B qua giao tip Iub. Mt Node B thc hin giao tip v tuyn vi
mt hoc nhiu cell.

31

- Mt s RNC ln cn qua giao tip Iur.

2.3.3 Cc giao din m c bn ca UMTS

- Giao din Cu: y l giao din gia th thng minh USIM v ME. Giao
din ny tun theo tiu chun cho cc th thng minh.
- Giao din Uu: y l giao din v tuyn WCDMA. Uu l giao din m UE
truy cp c vi phn c nh ca h thng v y l phn giao din m quan
trng nht trong UMTS.
- Giao din Iu: Giao din ny kt ni UTRAN ti mng li. Tng t nh
cc giao din tng thch trong GSM nh l giao din A (i vi chuyn mch
knh) v Gb (i vi chuyn mch gi). Giao din Iu em li cho cc b iu khin
UMTS kh nng xy dng c UTRAN v CN t cc nh sn xut khc nhau.
- Giao din Iur: Giao din m Iur h tr chuyn giao mm gia cc RNC t
cc nh sn xut khc nhau v v th b sung cho giao din m Iu.
- Giao din Iub: Iub kt ni mt Node B v mt RNC. UMTS l mt h
thng in thoi di ng mang tnh thng mi u tin m giao din gia b iu
khin v trm gc c chun ho nh l mt giao din m hon thin. Ging nh
cc giao din m khc, Iub thc y hn na tnh cnh tranh gia cc nh sn xut
trong lnh vc ny.
2.4 CC CHC NNG TRONG QUN L TI NGUYN V TUYN
2.4.1 Gii thiu v qun l ti nguyn v tuyn WCDMA
Vic qun l ti nguyn v tuyn (RRM) trong mng UTMS c nhim v ci
thin vic s dng ngun ti nguyn v tuyn. Cc mc ch ca cng vic qun l
ti nguyn v tuyn RRM c th tm tt nh sau :
- m bo QoS cho cc dch v khc nhau.
- Duy tr vng ph sng c hoch nh.
- Ti u dung lng h thng.
i vi cc mng 3G, vic phn b ti nguyn v nh c qu ti ca mng
khng cn kh thi na do cc nhu cu kh d on trc v cc yu cu khc nhau

32

ca cc dch v khc nhau. V th, qun l ti nguyn bao gm 2 phn: t cu hnh

v t li cu hnh ti nguyn v tuyn, c th:
- Vic t cu hnh ti nguyn v tuyn c nhim v phn pht ngun ti
nguyn mt cch hp l cho cc yu cu mi n h thng cho mng khng b
qu ti v duy tr tnh n nh. Tuy nhin, nghn c th xut hin trong mng 3G v
s di chuyn ngu nhin ca ngi s dng.
- Vic t li cu hnh c nhim v cp pht li ngun ti nguyn trong phm
vi ca mng khi hin tng nghn bt u xut hin. Chc nng ny c nhim v
a h thng b qu ti tr v lu lng ti mc tiu mt cch nhanh chng v c
th iu khin c.
Qun l ngun ti nguyn v tuyn c th chia thnh cc chc nng sau:
iu khin cng sut, chuyn giao, iu khin thu nhn, iu khin ti v lp lch
cho gi tin.

Hnh 2-8 Cc v tr in hnh ca cc chc nng RRM trong mng WCDMA

2.4.2 iu khin cng sut
Cc mc tiu ca iu khin cng sut c th tm tt nh sau :
- Khc phc hiu ng gn-xa trn ng ln.
- Ti u dung lng h thng bng vic iu khin nhiu.
- Lm tng ti a tui th pin ca u cui di ng.

33

Mc tiu ca vic s dng iu khin cng sut l khc nhau trn ng ln

v ng xung. Cc mc tiu ca iu khin cng sut c th tm tt nh sau :
- Khc phc hiu ng gn-xa trn ng ln.
- Ti u dung lng h thng bng vic iu khin nhiu.
- Lm tng ti a tui th pin ca u cui di ng.
C 3 kiu iu khin cng sut trong cc h thng WCDMA: iu khin
cng sut vng m, iu khin cng sut vng kn v iu khin cng sut vng bn
ngoi.
- iu khin cng sut vng m (Open-loop power control)
iu khin cng sut vng m c s dng trong h thng UMTS FDD cho
vic thit lp nng lng ban u cho MS. MS s tnh suy hao ng truyn gia
cc trm gc v MS bng cch o cng tn hiu nhn c bng cch s dng
mch iu khin tng ch t ng (AGC). Tu theo s tnh ton suy hao ng
truyn ny, MS c th quyt nh cng sut pht ng ln ca n. iu khin cng
sut vng m c nh hng ln trong h thng TDD bi v ng ln v ng
xung l tng h, nhng khng nh hng nhiu trong cc h thng FDD bi v
cc knh ng ln v ng xung hot ng trn cc bng tn khc nhau v hin
tng Fading Rayleigh trn ng ln v ng xung c lp nhau. Vy iu
khin cng sut vng m ch c th b mt cch tng trng suy hao do khong
cch. l l do ti sao iu khin cng sut vng m ch c s dng nh l vic
thit lp nng lng ban u trong h thng FDD.
- iu khin cng sut vng kn (Fast power Control)
iu khin cng sut vng khp kn, c gi l iu khin cng sut nhanh
trong cc h thng WCDMA, c nhim v iu khin cng sut pht ca MS
(ng ln) hay l cng sut ca trm gc (ng xung) chng li Fading ca
cc knh v tuyn v t c ch tiu t s tn hiu trn nhiu SIR c thit
lp bi iu khin cng sut vng ngoi. Chng hn nh trn ng ln, trm gc
so snh SIR nhn c t MS vi SIR mc tiu trong mi khe thi gian (0,666ms).
Nu SIR nhn c ln hn mc tiu, Node-B s truyn mt lnh TPC 0 n MS

34

thng qua knh iu khin ring ng xung. Nu SIR nhn c thp hn mc

tiu, Node-B s truyn mt lnh TPC 1 n MS. Bi v tn s ca iu khin
cng sut vng kn rt nhanh nn c th b c Fading nhanh v c Fading chm.
-iu khin cng sut vng ngoi
iu khin cng sut vng ngoi cn thit gi cht lng truyn thng vi
cc mc yu cu bng cch thit lp mc tiu cho iu khin cng sut vng kn
nhanh thc hin. Mc ch ca n l cung cp cht lng yu cu. Tn s ca iu
khin cng sut vng bn ngoi thng l 10-100Hz.
iu khin cng sut vng ngoi so snh cht lng nhn c vi cht
lng yu cu. Thng thng, cht lng c nh ngha l t li bit mc tiu xc
nh (BER) hay t s li khung (FER). Mi quan h gia SIR mc tiu v mc tiu
cht lng tu thuc vo tc di ng v hin tng a ng. Nu cht lng
nhn tt hn, c ngha l mc tiu SIR cao m bo QoS yu cu.
2.4.3 iu khin chuyn giao.
2.4.3.1 Chuyn giao trong cng tn s.
- Chuyn giao mm:
Chuyn giao mm ch c trong cng ngh CDMA. So vi chuyn giao cng
thng thng, chuyn giao mm c mt s u im. Tuy nhin, n cng c mt s
cc hn ch v s phc tp v vic tiu th ti nguyn tng ln. Trong phn ny s
trnh by nguyn l ca chuyn giao mm.
- Nguyn l chuyn giao mm.
Chuyn giao mm khc vi qu trnh chuyn giao cng truyn thng. i
vi chuyn giao cng, mt quyt nh xc nh l c thc hin chuyn giao hay
khng v my di ng ch giao tip vi mt BS ti mt thi im. i vi chuyn
giao mm, mt quyt nh c iu kin c to ra l c thc hin chuyn giao hay
khng li tu thuc vo s thay i cng tn hiu knh hoa tiu t hai hay nhiu
trm gc c lin quan, mt quyt nh cng cui cng s c to ra giao tip
vi duy nht 1 BS. iu ny thng din ra sau khi tn hiu n t mt BS chc
chn s mnh hn cc tn hiu n t BS khc. Trong thi k chuyn tip ca

35

chuyn giao mm, MS giao tip ng thi vi cc BS trong tp hp tch cc (Tp

hp tch cc l danh sch cc cell hin ang c kt ni vi MS).

Hnh 2-9 S so snh gia chuyn giao cng v chuyn giao mm.
- li lin kt chuyn giao mm
Mc ch u tin ca chuyn giao mm l em li mt s chuyn giao
khng b ngt qung v lm cho h thng hot ng tt. iu ch c th t c
nh 3 li ch ca c cu chuyn giao mm nh sau:
- li phn tp v m: li ch phn tp nh Fading chm v s st t
ngt ca cng tn hiu do cc nguyn nhn chng hn nh s di chuyn ca MS
vng quanh mt gc.
- li phn tp vi m: li phn tp nh Fading nhanh.
- Vic chia s ti ng xung: Mt MS khi chuyn giao mm thu cng sut
t nhiu Node-B, iu cho thy cng sut pht ln nht n MS trong khi
chuyn giao mm X-way c nhn vi h s X, ngha l vng ph c m rng.
Ba li ch ny ca chuyn giao mm c th ci thin vng ph v dung lng
mng WCDMA.

36

2.4.3.2 Chuyn giao gia cc h thng WCDMA v GSM.

Cc chun WCDMA v GSM h tr chuyn giao c hai ng gia
WCDMA v GSM. S chuyn giao ny c th s dng cho mc ch ph sng v
cn bng ti. Ti pha ban u khi trin khai WCDMA, chuyn giao ti h thng
GSM c th s dng gim ti trong cc t bo GSM. M hnh ny c ch ra
trong hnh 3-27. Khi lu lng trong mng WCDMA tng, th rt cn chuyn giao
cho mc ch ti trn c ng ln v ng xung. Chuyn giao gia cc h thng
c khi xng ti RNC/BSC v t gc h thng thu th chuyn giao gia cc
h thng tng t nh chuyn giao gia cc RNC hay chuyn giao gia cc BSC.
Thut ton v vic khi xng ny khng c chun ho.

Hnh 2-10 Chuyn giao gia cc h thng GSM v WCDMA.

Th tc chuyn giao nh hnh 2-9. Vic o c chuyn giao gia cc h
thng khng hot ng thng xuyn nhng s c khi ng khi c nhu cu thc
hin chuyn giao gia cc h thng. Vic khi xng chuyn giao l mt thut ton
do RNC thc hin v c th da vo cht lng (BLER) hay cng sut pht yu
cu. Khi khi xng o c, u tin UE s o cng sut tn hiu ca cc tn s
GSM trong danh sch ln cn. Khi kt qu o c c gi ti RNC, n ra lnh
cho MS gii m nhn dng trm gc (BSIC) ca cell GSM ng c tt nht. Khi
RNC nhn c BSIC, mt lnh chuyn giao c gi ti MS.

37

Hnh 2-11 Th tc chuyn giao gia cc h thng.

2.4.3.3 Chuyn giao gia cc tn s trong WCDMA.
Hu ht cc b vn hnh UMTS u c 2 hoc 3 tn s FDD c hiu lc.
Vic vn hnh c th bt u s dng mt tn s, sau cn tng dung lng,
mt vi tn s c th s dng c ch ra trong hnh 2-10. Mt vi tn s c s
dng trong cng mt site s tng dung lng ca site hoc cc lp micro v
macro c s dng cc tn s khc nhau. Chuyn giao gia cc tn s sng mang
WCDMA cn s dng phng php ny.
Trong chuyn giao ny, ch nn cng c s dng trong vic o c
chuyn giao ging nh trong chuyn giao gia cc h thng. Th tc chuyn giao
gia cc tn s c ch ra trong hnh 2-11. MS cng s dng th tc ng b
WCDMA ging nh chuyn giao trong tn s nhn dng cell c tn s mc tiu.
Thi gian nhn dng cell ch yu ph thuc vo s cc cell v s cc thnh phn a
ng m MS c th thu c ging nh trong chuyn giao cng tn s.

38

Hnh 2-12 Nhu cu chuyn giao gia cc tn s sng mang WCDMA

Hnh 2-13 Th tc chuyn giao gia cc tn s.

2.4.4 iu khin thu np
Nu ti giao din v tuyn c cho php tng ln mt cch lin tc th vng
ph sng ca cell b gim i di gi tr hoch nh (gi l cell breathing) v
QoS ca cc kt ni ang tn ti khng th m bo. Nguyn nhn ca hiu ng
cell breathing l v c im gii hn nhiu ca cc h thng CDMA. V th,
trc khi thu nhn mt kt ni mi, iu khin thu np cn kim tra xem vic nhn
kt ni mi s khng nh hng n vng ph sng hoc QoS ca cc kt ni ang
hot ng hay khng. iu khin thu np chp nhn hay t chi yu cu thit lp
mt truy nhp v tuyn trong mng truy nhp. Chc nng iu khin thu np c

39

t trong b iu khin RNC, ni m lu gi thng tin v ti ca cc s cell do n

qun l.
Thut ton iu khin thu np tnh ton vic ti tng ln do s thit lp thm
i tng s gy ra trong mng truy nhp v tuyn. Vic tnh ton ti c p dng
cho c ng ln v ng xung. u cui yu cu c th c chp nhn ch khi
iu khin thu np trong c 2 chiu chp nhn, nu khng th n b t chi bi v
nhiu qu mc c th tng thm trong mng. Nhn chung cc chin lc iu khin
thu np c th chia thnh hai loi: chin lc iu khin thu np da vo cng sut
bng rng v chin lc iu khin thu np da vo thng lng. Ngi s dng
mi s khng c chp nhn nu mc nhiu tng th mi to ra cao hn gi tr
mc ngng Ithreshold, c th:
+ T chi:

Itotal-old + I > Ithreshold

+ Chp nhn : Itotal-old + I < Ithreshold

Gi tr ngng ging vi tng nhiu ng ln ln nht v c th c
thit lp bi vic quy hoch mng v tuyn.

Hnh 2-14 ng cong ti

Trong chin lc iu khin thu np da vo thng lng, ngi s dng
mi khng c thu nhn truy nhp vo mng nu ton b ti mi gy ra cao hn
gi tr ngng:

40

+ T chi

: total-old + L > threshold

+ Chp nhn : total-old + L < threshold

Tng t i vi chin lc iu khin thu np da vo cng sut nh sau:
+ T chi

: Ptotal-old + Ptotal > Pthreshold

+ Chp nhn : Ptotal-old + Ptotal < Pthreshold

Ch rng vic iu khin thu np c p dng mt cch tch bit trn c
ng ln v ng xung. V mi hng c th s dng cc chin lc iu
khin thu np khc nhau.
2.4.5 iu khin ti (iu khin nghn)
y l mt cng c quan trng ca chc nng qun l ngun ti nguyn v
tuyn m bo cho h thng khng b qu ti v duy tr tnh n nh. Nu h
thng c quy hoch mt cch hp l v cng vic iu khin thu np hot ng
tt, cc tnh hung qu ti gn nh s b loi tr. Tuy nhin, trong mng di ng, s
qu ti mt ni no l khng th trnh khi v cc ti nguyn v tuyn c n
nh trc trong mng. Khi qu ti c x l bi iu khin ti hay cn gi l iu
khin nghn th hot ng iu khin ny s tr li cho h thng ti mc tiu
chn c a ra trong qu trnh quy hoch mng mt cch nhanh chng v c kh
nng iu khin c. Cc hot ng iu khin ti lm gim hay cn bng ti
bao gm:
- T chi cc lnh cng sut ti trn ng xung nhn t MS.
- Gim ch tiu Eb/I0 ng ln s dng bi iu khin cng sut nhanh
ng ln.
- Thay i kch c ca min chuyn giao mm phc v nhiu ngi s
dng hn.
- Chuyn giao ti sng mang WCDMA khc (mng UMTS khc hay mng
GSM).
- Gim thng lng ca lu lng d liu gi (cc d liu phi thi gian
thc).
- Ngt cc cuc gi trn mt ng iu khin.

41

Hai hot ng u tin l cc hot ng nhanh c thc hin bn trong BS.

Cc hot ng ny c th din ra trong mt khe thi gian, ngha l vi mt tn s
1,5KHz, cung cp mt quyn u tin cho cc dch v khc nhau. Hot ng th 3
thay i kch c ca min chuyn giao mm c mt li ch c bit i vi mng
gii hn ng xung.
Cc phng php iu khin ti khc th chm hn. Chuyn giao bn trong
bng tn v chuyn giao bn trong h thng c th khc phc c hin tng qu
ti bng cch cn bng ti. Hot ng cui cng l ngt cc ngi s dng dch v
thi gian thc (nh l thoi hay d liu chuyn mch knh) gim ti. Hot ng
ny ch c s dng ch khi ti ca ton b mng vn rt ln thm ch sau khi cc
hot ng iu khin ti khc va c tc dng gim qu ti. Giao din v tuyn
WCDMA v yu cu tng ca lu lng phi thi gian thc trong mng 3G em li
nhiu s la chn cc hot ng kh thi iu khin tnh hung qu ti v v th
nhu cu ct nhng ngi s dng dch v thi gian thc gim qu ti rt him
xy ra.
2.5 KT LUN CHNG
H thng truy nhp v tuyn UMTS 3G da trn cng ngh truy nhp bng
rng phn chia theo m WCDMA v n nay h thng ny c chun ha v s
dng rng ri trn th gii. Trong kin trc h thng truy nhp v tuyn 3G
(UTRAN) gm mt hay nhiu phn h mng v tuyn (RNS), mt RNS l mt
mng con trong UTRAN v bao gm mt b iu khin mng v tuyn (RNC) v
mt hay nhiu Node-B.
Qun l ti nguyn v tuyn l bi ton quan trng khi thit k bt k h
thng thng tin di ng, c bit l trong h thng t bo s dng cng ngh a truy
nhp phn chia theo m CDMA. Chng ny trnh by cc chc nng c bn ca
qun l ti nguyn v tuyn trong h thng WCDMA, trong iu khin cng sut
v iu khin chuyn giao l cc chc nng c bit quan trng so vi cc h thng
thng tin di ng trc .

42

Chng 3 M HNH THIT K TNH TON QUY

HOCH MNG V TUYN UMTS 3G
3.1 GII THIU V QUY HOCH MNG V TUYN
3.1.1 Nguyn l chung
Qu trnh quy hoch mng v tuyn c tin hnh trn c s yu cu ca
cc thng s c thit lp v l cng vic phc tp nht trong vic quy hoch
mng. Cng vic quy hoch mng v tuyn bao gm: nh c mng, quy hoch lu
lng & vng ph chi tit v ti u mng. Qu trnh quy hoch v trin khai mng
c ch ra trong hnh v 3-1.
Trong pha quy hoch ban u (nh c mng) cung cp mt s nh gi ban
u nhanh nht v kch c ca mng v dung lng ca cc thnh phn. nh c
mng phi thc hin c cc yu cu ca nh khai thc v vng ph, dung lng
v cht lng dch v. Trong pha quy hoch chi tit, mt site nh c c x
l trn bn s gii hn v mt vt l cc thng s ca mng. Ngoi ra vic ti
u c th c thc hin bng cch iu khin nhiu di dng anten ph hp, cu
hnh site, s chn la v tr, hay t nghing anten. Hn na, cc ch tiu ca mng
c th tin n gn hn cc mc tiu yu cu bng cch s dng b khuch i
MHA (mast head amplifier) hay cc cc loi phn tp.
Khi mng i vo hot ng, c th quan st hiu sut ca h thng qua vic
o c cc thng s v kt qu cc thng s o c s s hin th v ti u ha
mng. Qu trnh quy hoch v ti u ha mng c th thc hin mt cch t ng
bng cch s dng cc cng c thng minh v cc phn t mng. Thng thng
trong giai on trin khai mng ta thy khng th ti u h thng nh lc quy hoch
mng. C rt nhiu nguyn nhn buc phi thay i quy hoch: khng th t
Node-B ng v tr, ny sinh cc vn v vng ph v cht lng kt ni v ti
u Cui cng cn phn hi kt qu thng k v o c c trong qu trnh khai
thc mng lien quan n iu chnh quy hoch, m rng vng ph, dung lng v
nhu cu dch v trn c s thc t cho nhm k thut chu trch nhim thit k

43

Hnh 3-1 Qu trnh quy hoch v trin khai mng WCDMA

3.1.2 Mt s c im cn lu trong quy hoch mng
3.1.2.1 D bo
D bo l bc u tin v quan trng trong qu trnh quy hoch v trin
khai thnh cng mt h thng thng tin di ng. Ty theo vic quy hoch mng l
mi hay pht trin t nn tng mng hin c m d bo nhu cu dch v c th thc
hin khc nhau. D bo bao gm:
- D bo nhu cu dch v/thu bao:
Mc tiu chnh ca d bo thu bao l nh gi tng s thu bao trong th
trng cn phc v. i vi mng WCDMA c kh nng cung cp nhiu dch v
khc nhau cho tng i tng khc nhau nn cn tin hnh theo tng kiu thu bao.
D bo c th chia thnh cc bc sau:

44

+ Xc nh mc tiu d bo: gm cc mc tiu nh nhu cu dn c, nhu

cu c quan, vng mc tiu (tnh/thnh ph hay ton quc), khung kh d
bo (5nm, 10 nm , 15 nm)
+ Xc nh s liu cn thu thp: Mt in thoi, iu tra dn s, iu
tra v doanh nghip, mc thu nhp, tc tng trng, quy hoch pht trin
tnh/thnh ph.
+ Phn tch xu hng ca nhu cu: xu hng pht trin ca nhu cu i
vi cc dch v phn tch theo cc quan im: mt in thoi, cc c
im ring ca vng v so snh vi cc quc gi khc..
+ Phng php d bo: c th thc hin theo mt phng php hoc kt
hp cc phng php. Thng thng c 02 phng php l: d bo theo
chui thi gian v theo m hnh ha.
- D bo lu lng:
D bo lu lng l bc u tin cn thc hin trong qu trnh quy hoch
mng. D bo lu lng c th da trn c s xu th ca cc mng di ng khc
c khai thc. D bo lu lng bao gm d bo s dng lu lng voice v data.
- D phng cho tng lai:
Trong thc t cho thy s pht trin nhanh ca thu bao v cc dch v mi
khin cc nh khai thc mng lun phi i mt vi cc kh khn khng nh. Do o
vic quy hoch cho tng lai l rt cn thit v rt quan trng trnh vic m rng
thng xuyn, bi v d phng cho php cung cp lu lng b sung trong trng
hp thu bao tng trng nng hay s t bin v lu lng ti mt thi im.
3.1.2.2 Quy hoch vng ph v tuyn
Nhim v chnh ca phn tch vng ph l lm th no xc nh c: ni
no cn ph sng, kiu ph sng mi vng. Thng thng ta cn ph sng trc ht
cc khu vc quan trng: Cc khu thng mi, khu cng nghip, vng c mt dn
c cao. V th cn hiu r mt dn c, phn bit ranh gii cc vng: thnh ph,
ngoi , nng thn, khu thng mi, khu cng nghip, nh

45

i vi h thng thng tin di ng 3G ngoi cc tiu ch trn, ta cn phi xt

n: cc loi dch v cn cung cp vng ang xt v vng ph sng hiu dng ca
cell s chu nh hng ca tc s liu.
Sau khi nm c yu cu vng ph, tip theo ta tin hnh quy hoch
vng ph thng qua xem xt cc yu t sau: La chn m hnh truyn sng, tnh
qu ng truyn, quy hoch v tr cell. Trong quy hoch v tr cell l bc quan
trng trong vic quy hoch h thng WCDMA bi v n s m bo mi trm thu
pht xy dng s p ng c cc tiu ch cht lng ra, trnh vic xy dng
cc v tr khng m bo.
3.1.2.3 Nhiu t nhiu nh khai thc khc
Trong mi trng c nhiu mng UMTS hot ng vi cc tn s gn nhau,
tn hiu c th gy nhiu ln nhau lm nh hng n cht lng, vng ph v dung
lng mng. Nhiu ny c gi l nhiu knh ln cn v trnh nhiu c th s
dng cc bin php sau:
- t anten Node-B l tng:
- Gim nhy my thu
- iu chnh khong cch gia cc sng mang.
- Chuyn giao ga cc tn s.
3.2 QUY HOCH NH C MNG
nh c mng v tuyn WCDMA l mt qu trnh quy hoch ban u nh
m cu hnh ca mng v quy m cc thit b mng c tnh ton da vo cc yu
cu ca nh khai thc.
Cc yu cu ca nh khai thc lin quan n cc c im sau:
- Vng ph:
+ Vng ph sng.
+ Thng tin v loi vng ph sng.
+ iu kin truyn sng.
- Dung lng:
+ Ph sn c.

46

+ D on s tng trng s thu bao.

+ Thng tin mt lu lng.
- Cht lng dch v (QoS):
+ Xc sut v tr cc vng (kh nng ph sng).
+ Xc sut nghn.
+ Thng lng ngi s dng u cui.
Mc tiu ca pha nh c mng l tnh ton mt site v cu hnh site yu
cu cho cc vng ph quan tm. Trong bao gm cc bc c th sau:
3.2.1 Tnh ton vng ph sng
Trn c s phn tch vng ph sng, tnh ton qu ng truyn theo hng
Uplink hoc downlink, ta tnh bn knh cell vng ph sng theo m hnh sau:

Hnh 3-2 Qu trnh tnh bn knh vng ph sng

3.2.1.1 Phn tch vng ph
Qu trnh phn tch vng ph v tuyn l thc hin kho st cc a im cn
ph sng v kiu vng ph cn cung cp cho cc a im ny. Cc loi vng ph
thng thng c xt nh: cc vng thng mi-du lch, cc vng dn s c mt
dn s cao v cc ng cao tc chnh. Do vy cn phi c cc thng tin v cc
vng cn ph sng. Cc thng tin c th da trn bn , cc s liu thng k, d
bo nh: mt dn c (thnh ph, ngoi , nng thn), khu thng mi-du lch,
khu cng nghip
Mc ch ca qu trnh kho st ny bao gm:

47

- m bo cung cp mt dung lng ph hp cho cc vng ny

- Bit c c im truyn sng ca vng xc nh mi trng truyn
sng v mi mi trng s c tc ng trc tip n m hnh truyn sng.
Cc thng tin v vng ph s c dng chun b bc quy hoch vng
ph ban u. Thng thng quy hoch vng ph sng WCDMA thng quan tm
n cc loi hnh ph sng sau:
Bng 3-1 Cc loi hnh ph sng ph bin
Vng ph sng
Dense urban ( th
ng c)

c im
Thng thng y l khu vc ng dn c vi nhiu nh
cao tng, l khu trung tm vi vn phng v cc trung
tm mua sm, gii tr, nh ga
Thng thng y l cc khu vc ng ph v cy

Urban ( th)

Sub Urban (Ngoi )

Rural (nng thn)

xanh xen k mt vi ta nh cao tng, cc ta nh cao

tng cch xa nhau
Khu ngoi vi cc nh vn v cng vin, khu ngh
dng
Khu vc nng thn

Mt yu t na cng nh hng n vng ph sng l xc nh vng ph

theo dch v. Nh bit h thng WCDMA l h thng a truy nhp dch v vi
cu trc a knh c th s dng c nhiu dch v. Mt s dch v chnh thng
dng trong h thng truy nhp WCDMA:
Bng 3-2 Cc loi loi dch v chnh ca WCDMA
Kiu knh

Dch v h tr

CS 12.2K

Voice

CS 64K

Video Phone

PS 64K

Email, Web

PS 384K

Email, Web ,Video Streaming, Mobil TV

HSPA

Best Effort service

48

ng vi mi loi hnh dch v s c bn knh phc v tng ng ph thuc

vo m tri ph, cng sut pht cc i v cht lng dch v yu cu. Ty theo
mi khu vc v d bo nhu cu s dng dch v th s c cc bn knh phc v khc
nhau, chng hn nh hnh di y s m t bn knh ti ca cc loi dch v
(ng trng hp dch v s dng lin tc)

Hnh 3-3 Vng ph sng ca cell theo cc loi dch v khc nhau.
T cc yu cu v vng ph theo nhu cu dch v v kiu vng ph, vn
tip theo trong vic nh c mng l tnh qu ng truyn v tuyn. Qu ng
truyn v tuyn c trng cho tng loi dch v, tc l mi loi dch v yu cu mt
qu ng truyn nht nh m bo p ng cc yu cu t ra.
3.2.1.2 Tnh ton qu ng truyn v tuyn.
Cng ging nh cc h thng thng tin di ng t bo khc, qu ng
truyn trong h thng WCDMA dng tnh ton suy hao ng truyn cho php
ln nht tnh ton vng ph (tnh bn knh cell) ca mt trm gc v trm di
ng. Cc thnh phn tnh suy hao cho php ln nht ca tn hiu t trm pht
n trm thu gi l qu ng truyn. Qu ng truyn tng qut cho c ng
ln v ng xung bao gm cc thnh phn sau:
(a) Cng sut my pht (dBm):
(a1) Cng sut my pht trung bnh trn mt knh lu lng (dBm): l gi tr trung
bnh ca cng sut pht tng trn mt chu trnh truyn dn vi cng sut pht cc
i lc bt u pht.

49

(a2) Cng sut my pht cc i trn mt knh lu lng (dBm): cng sut tng
cng ti u ra ca my pht cho mt knh lu lng n.
(a3) Cng sut my pht tng cng cc i (dBm): tng cng sut pht cc i ca
tt c cc knh.
(b) Tn hao do ghp, gic cm v do cp(my pht) (dB): suy hao tng cng ca
tt c cc thnh phn ca h thng truyn dn gia u ra ca my pht v u vo
anten.
(c) Tng ch anten pht (dBi): tng ch cc i ca anten pht trong mt phng
ngang (xc nh theo dB so vi mt vt pht x ng hng).
(d) EIRP ca my pht (dBm):
(d1) EIRP ca my pht trn mt knh lu lng (dBm): tng cng sut u ra my
pht cho mt knh (dBm), cc suy hao do h thng truyn dn (-dB) v tng ch
anten my pht (dBi) theo hng bc x cc i.
(d2). EIRP ca my pht: tng ca cng sut my pht ca tt c cc knh (dBm),
cc suy hao do h thng truyn dn (-dB), v tng ch anten pht (dBi).
(e). Tng ch anten thu (dBi): tng ch ti a ca anten thu trong mt phng ngang;
n c xc nh theo dB so vi mt vt pht x ng hng.
(f). Tn hao do b chia, u ni v do cp (My thu) (dB): bao gm cc tn hao
ca tt c cc thnh phn trong h thng truyn dn gia u ra ca anten thu v
u vo ca my thu .
(g). H s tp m my thu (dB): h s tp m ca h thng thu ti u vo my thu.
(h) (H). Mt to m nhit, N0(dBm/Hz): cng sut tp m trn mt Hz ti u
vo my thu. Lu rng (h) l n v logarit cn (H) l theo n v tuyn tnh.
(i) (I). Mt nhiu my thu I 0 (dBm/Hz): cng sut nhiu trn mt Hz ti u vo
my thu. N tng ng vi t s cng sut nhiu trong di trn rng bng tn.
Lu (i) l theo n v logarit v (I) theo n v tuyn tnh. Mt nhiu my thu
I0 i vi ng xung l cng sut nhiu trn mt Hz ti my thu MS bin gii
vng ph sng, trong mt cell pha trong.

50

(j) Mt tp m nhiu hiu dng tng cng (dBm/Hz): tng logarit ca mt

tp m my thu v h s tp m my thu cng s hc vi mt nhiu my thu.
(k). Tc thng tin (10log10(Rb)) (dBHz): tc bit ca knh theo (dBHz); vic
la chn Rb phi ph hp vi cc gi thit Eb.
(l) T s Eb/(N0+I0) yu cu (dB): t s gia nng lng thu c ca mt bt thng
tin trn mt cng sut nhiu v tp m hiu dng cn thit tho mn c cc
mc tiu v cht lng.
(m). nhy my thu (j+k+l) (dBm): mc tn hiu cn t c ti u vo my
thu c c t s Eb/(N0+I0) yu cu.
(n) li/ Suy hao chuyn giao (dB): li/suy hao () do vic chuyn giao
duy tr tin cy c th ti bin gii cell.
(o) Tng ch ( li) phn tp (dB): tng ch hiu dng t c nh s dng cc
k thut phn tp. Nu tng ch phn tp c gp trong E b/(N0+I0), th n s
khng c a thm y.
(o) Cc tng ch khc (dB): cc tng ch ph, v d nh a truy nhp phn tp theo
khng gian c th to thm tng ch anten.
(p) d tr phadinh chun Log (dB): c xc inh ti bin gii cell i vi cc
cell ring l ng vi d tr yu cu cung cp xc sut ph sng xc nh trn
cc cell ring l.
(q). Suy hao ng truyn ti a (dB): suy hao ti a cho php my thu c
th thu c tn hiu t my pht ti bin gii cell:
Suy hao ti a = d1m+(e-f)+o+o+n-p
(r). Bn knh ti a, Rmax (km): c tnh ton cho mi hon cnh trin khai, n
c xc nh bng bn knh ng vi suy hao ti a.
Trong WCDMA, c mt s cc thng s c bit trong qu ng truyn m
khng c s dng trong h thng truy nhp v tuyn ca GSM, l:
- d tr nhiu: d tr nhiu l mt hm s ca tng cng ti trong
cell. Ti ca cell v h s ti tc ng nn vng ph, nn cn phi c d tr
nhiu. Nu cho php ti trong h thng cng ln, d tr nhiu cn thit cho

51

ng ln cng ln v vng ph cng nh. Gi tr ti tng cng c nh hng trc

tip n vng ph cell v v th m nh hng gin tip n cht lng ca cc dch
v.
Quan h gia h s ti v d tr nhiu nh sau:

IM = 10*log10 (1 )
- d tr Fading chm v li chuyn giao mm: Chuyn giao mm hay
ng cung cp mt li chng li Fading chm bng cch gim d tr Fading
chun log yu cu. Do trn thc t Fading chm mt phn khng tng quan gia
cc cell v bng cch thc hin chuyn giao, my di ng c th chn la mt lin
kt thng tin tt hn. Hn na, chuyn giao mm em li mt li phn tp b
sung chng li Fading nhanh bng cch gim E b/N0 tu theo lin kt v tuyn n
do tc dng ca vic kt hp phn tp macro.
Vic d tr Fading chm theo yu cu s nh gi c xc xut vng ph

X
c
xu
t
ba
o
ph

sng nh sau:
Hm
Hmxc
xcxut
xutvng
vngph:
ph:
PPCOVERAGE (x)
(x)==PP[F(x)
[F(x)>>FFngng ] ]
COVERAGE

ngng

SFM yu cu

Khng c SFM
C SFM

Fngng

Received Signal Level [dBm]

Hnh 3-4 nh hng ca SFM n vng ph sng.

Thng thng trong cc h thng WCDMA, th SFM c gi tr v nh hng
n hiu sut vng ph nh sau:
Bng 3-3 Gi tr SFM thng dng.
Hiu sut ph sng

Dense urban

Urban

Suburban

Rural

95%

95%

90%

90%

52

Shadow fading Margin, dB

6,06

4,1

3,8

- d tr Fading nhanh (khong h iu khin cng sut): Mt s khong

h cn cho cng sut pht ca trm di ng duy tr vic iu khin cng sut hp
l. Thng s ny c p dng mt cch c bit cho MS di chuyn chm m ti
iu khin cng sut nhanh c th b Fading nhanh mt cch hiu qu.
Ngoi ra tnh ton qu ng truyn v tuyn, cn quan tm n cc gi
nh thng s nh suy hao, li, cng sut phtin hnh nh cc thng s sau:
Bng 3-4 Thng s gi nh ca MS.
Thoi & Data tc thp

Data tc cao

Cng sut pht ln nht

21-22 dBm

24 dBm

Tng ch anten

0 dBi

2 dBi

Suy hao c th

3 dB

0 dB

Bng 3-5 Thng s gi nh ca Node-B.

Hnh dng nhiu

2,1 dB ti tn s 2,1GHz

Tng ch anten

18 dBi

E0/N0 yu cu

CS 12,2: 4,3 dB (GoS: 0,01%)

CS 64: 2,8 dB (GoS: 0,01%)
PS 64: 1,4 dB (BLER: 1%)
PS 128 : 1 dB (BLER: 1%)
PS 384 : 1,5 dB (BLER: 1%)

Suy hao cp

0,5 dB khi s dng TMA

3 dB khi khng s dng TMA

Ngoi ra yu t anten nh hng n qu cng sut ng truyn chnh l

cao anten. Thng thng khi thc hin lp t h thng WCDMA t h thng 2G
hin c th anten thng c lp t chung vi ct anten ca h thng 2G, vi c
s h tng hin c ca cc mng di ng ti Vit Nam th cao anten ca h thng
mi theo loi vng ph s c gi tr nh sau:
Bng 3-6 Thng s cao anten theo vng ph sng.
Loi vng ph

cao Anten

Dense Urban

25~30 m

Urban

30~35 m

Suburban

35~40 m

53

3.2.1.3 Tnh ton bn knh cell.

Sau khi tnh c suy hao ng truyn ln nht v c c d tr fading
chm cn thit th bn knh cell R c th c tnh cho m hnh truyn sng bit,
chng hn nh m hnh Okumura-Hata, Walfish-Ikegami.
Khi bn knh ph sng ca cell c xc nh th c th tnh c din tch
ph sng ca cell (ph thuc vo cu hnh Sector ca Node-B) theo cng thc :
S = K . R2
Vi K l h s ng vi s Sector trong cell c gi tr nh sau:
Bng 3-7 Gi tr K theo cu hnh site.
Cu hnh site

V hng

2 Sector

3 Sector

6 Sector

2,6

1,3

1,95

2,6

T cc thng s v c im nu trn, ta c mt m hnh tnh ton qu

ng truyn v tuyn tng ng vi cc loi dch v khc nhau v t a ra
c bn knh cell ph hp. Di y m t mt v d tham kho v cch tnh R
(cell) da trn cc yu cu v ph sng cho cc loi dch v tng ng vi tng
loi vng ph khc nhau ca khu vc thnh ph, c th:
Bng 3-8 Bng tnh R-Cell tham kho.
Dense
Urban

Urban

Suburban

Link Budget Formula

CS64

CS64

CS12,2

Max. NodeB transmit power(dBm)

43

43

43

Max. TCH transmit power (dBm)

22

22

22

Cable loss Tx (dB)

Body loss Tx (dB)

Antenna gain Tx (dBi)

22

21

21

f=bc-d+e

Antenna gain Rx (dBi)

18

18

18

Cable loss Rx (dB)

0,5

0,5

0,5

Body loss Rx (dB)

Noise figure (dB)

2,1

2,1

2,1

j=h+1.6

Required Eb/No (dB)

2,8

2,8

4,3

Scenarios
Continuous coverage service
Tx

EIRP (dBm)
Rx

54

Dense
Urban

Urban

Suburban

Link Budget Formula

-121,04

-121,04

-126,74

l = -174+j+k+10*log10(a*1000)

Target load

50%

50%

50%

Interference margin (dB)

3,01

3,01

3,01

n= -10*log10(1-m)

Fast fading margin (dB)

1,8

1,8

1,8

Penetration loss (dB)

19

15

10

Area coverage probability

0,95

0,95

0,9

Slow fading margin (dB)

6,06

4,1

130,73

135,17

146,83

S = f+gIlnoq-r

30

35

35

Scenarios
Receiver sensitivity (dBm)

Path loss (dB)

Cell radius
NodeB antenna height (m)
Propagation model used

Cost 231- Cost 231Hata

Hata

Cell radius (km)

0,53

0,93

Cost 231Hata
3,42

3.2.2 Phn tch dung lng

3.2.2.1 Gii thiu m hnh tnh ton dung lng Erlang-B
Da vo qu ng truyn v s dng m hnh truyn sng ph hp s tnh
c vng ph ban u. Tuy nhin y ch l mt phn quy hoch ban u. Bc
tip theo l vic quy hoch l tnh ton dung lng ca h thng ti a t xem
xt c hiu qu h tr ti hay dung lng d kin ban u khng. Thc t khng
th t c ti cell bng 100% l tng m ti cell ch t c khong 60%-70%.
Nu thc cha t yu cu th cn phi quay li bc ban u nh c b sung
thm s trm hoc thc hin nng cp/m rng thm dung lng ti cc trm sao
cho m bo c chi ph u t m vn tha mn c cc yu cu k thut t ra.
Mt m hnh tnh ton dung lng thit b cn thit nhm tha mn c nhu
cu dch v ca thu bao vi gi thnh trin khai lp t cng nh chnh l k
thut lu lng. K thut lu lng vin thng nghin cu vic ti u cu trc
mng v iu chnh s lng thit b c xc nh trn c s lu lng. Trong
phm vi ti, ta s i vo tm hiu ng dng m hnh lu lng Erlang-B. M
hnh Erlang-B c m t bi cc yu t sau:
- Cu trc: c n knh ng nht hot ng song song v c gi l mt
nhm ng nht.

55

- Chin lc: Mt cuc gi n h thng c chp nhn nu c t nht mt

knh ri. Nu h thng bn th cuc gi s b t chi m khng gy mt nh hng
no sau .
- Lu lng: Lu lng pht sinh c nh ngha l t s gia cuc gi
trung bnh trn cng phc v trung bnh. Khi lu lng ca mt thu bao A
c tnh theo cng thc sau:

A=

n T
(4.3)
3.600

Trong :
A: lu lng thu bao A
n: s cuc gi trung bnh trong mt gi
T: thi gian trung bnh ca mt cuc gi tnh bng giy (s)
Gi s tnh lu lng ca thu bao A c trung bnh 1 cuc gi 15 pht trong
mt gi, khi lu lng ca thu bao A s l:
+n=1
+ T = 15 x 60s = 900 (s)
=> A =

n T 1 900
=
= 0,25erl
3.600 3.600

- Mt s nh ngha cho m hnh Erlang:

+ H thng tiu hao: y l h thng m cc thu bao s b t chi thc
hin cuc gi khi h thng y ti
+ H thng theo kiu i: y l h thng m cc thu bao s c ch
thc hin cuc gi khi h thng y ti.
+ n v lu lng: Erlang l n v o mt lu lng. Mt Erl m
t tng lu lng trong mt gi.
+ Cp phc v (GoS): l i lng th hin s % cuc gi khng
thnh cng i vi h thng tiu hao. Cn trong h thng i th GoS l s %
cuc gi thc hin ch gi li.

56

3.2.2.2 Cc phng php chuyn i lu lng h thng UMTS theo m hnh

Erlang
Trong khun kh ca lun vn, ch xin trnh by cch chuyn i lu lng
t cc loi hnh dch v khc nhau ra n v Erlang, c th nh sau:
- Lu lng dch v thoi: Gi s theo thng k trung bnh mt thng thu
bao gi thoi l 240 pht. Khi tnh lu lng bnh qun lu lng thoi trn
mi thu bao s thc hin nh sau:
+ S ngy thc hin cuc gi thng xuyn trong thng l: 22 ngy
+ S pht bnh qun trong ngy s l:

240 min
22 day

= 10, 91

+ Bnh qun trong ngy c 8h bn nn s pht bnh qun ca mt thu

bao trong 1h bn l:
+

Lu

10, 91
8

lng

= 1, 364

bnh

qun

ca

mt

thu

bao

l:

1, 364 min
= 0, 0227 Erlang = 22, 7 mErl
60 s
- Lu lng dch v data: Gi s theo thng k trung bnh mt thng thu
bao thc hin dch v data vi dung lng gm: 20MB Uplink vi tc 64 kbps
v 50MB Downlink vi cc tc 64 kbps, 128 kbps & 384 kbps.
+ i vi Uplink: data bnh qun trong gi bn ca mt thu bao s l:
20 MB
22 day x 8h x 3600 s

= 0, 032 kbyte / s = 0, 2586 kbit / s

+ i vi Downlink: data bnh qun trong gi bn ca mt thu bao s

l:

50 MB
= 0, 081 kbyte / s = 0, 6465 kbit / s
22 day x 8h x 3600 s

Khi s thc hin chia theo tng dch v nh sau:

Dch v (kbit/s)

MB trn thu bao

trong mt thng

Kbit/s trn thu

bao trong gi bn

57

64k

20 MB

0.2586 kbit/s

128k

20 MB

0.2586 kbit/s

384k

10 MB

0.1293 kbit/s

- Chuyn i dung lng cc dch v sang n v Erlang: ta c cng thc

chuyn i qua li ca quan h ny nh sau:
Kbit/s = Erlang x tc dch v x Activity Factor
Chng hn ta c lu lng bnh qun ca dch v CS 64 ca mt thu bao l
0,182 kbit/s, AF=1. Lc lu lng Erlang ca mng c 100K thu bao cho dch
v CS 64 s l:

0,182 kbps x 100.000 sub

= 248, 4 Erlang
64 kbps x 1 (AF = 1)
3.2.2.3 nh c dung lng mng
Phn ny s trnh by tnh ton s b dung lng mng theo yu cu ban u
tng ng vi s lng thu bao c d bo trc, c th gm:
- D bo v xc nh s thu bao ti a ca mng / khu vc
- Ty theo m hnh lu lng/thu bao th khi tnh ton s kt ni
(connection-Erlang) s khc nhau cho mi loi dch v
- Sau khi c c dung lng mng tin hnh tnh bnh qun dung lng ca
mt Site v xc nh dung lng bnh qun ca mt Site. Trong s lng Site l
s site tnh c trong pha nh c vng ph sng.
Di y m t mt v d tham kho v cch tnh dung lng h thng (Erl)
cho 100.000 thu bao da trn cc yu cu lu lng cc loi dch v tng ng
khc nhau ca thu bao ti khu vc thnh ph, c th:
- Ta c lu lng hng downling bnh qun ca ca h thng 100 Ksub nh
sau:
Bng 3-9 Tnh lu lng h thng tham kho 1
Dch v hng
Downlink
Voice 12,2k

Lu lng /
thu bao
22,7 mErlang

Tng cng lu
lng mng
2270 Erlangs

58

CS 64k

0,182 kbit/s

18,2 Mbit/s

PS 64k

0,2586 kbit/s

25,86 Mbit/s

PS 128k

0,2586 kbit/s

25,86 Mbit/s

PS 384k

0,1293 kbit/s

12,93 Mbit/s

- Chuyn i ton b lu lng mng sang n v Erlang:

Bng 3-10 Tnh lu lng h thng tham kho 2

Dch v hng
Downlink
Voice 12,2k

Lu lng /
thu bao

Tng cng lu
lng mng

22,7 mErlang

2270 Erlangs

Tng cng
Erlang hoc
Connection
2270

%
Connection
54,7 %

CS 64k

0,182 kbit/s

18,2 Mbit/s

284,4

6,8 %

PS 64k

0,2586 kbit/s

25,86 Mbit/s

1010,2

24,3 %

PS 128k

0,2586 kbit/s

25,86 Mbit/s

505,1

12,2 %

PS 384k

0,1293 kbit/s

12,93 Mbit/s

84,2

2,0 %

PS 128k
12%

Voice 12.2k

PS 384k
2%

CS 64k
PS 64k
PS 128k

PS 64k
24%

PS 384k

CS 64k
7%

Voice 12.2k
55%

- Gi s c 20 Connection trn mt cell, ta c phn b s Connection trn

cell v throughput cho cc dch v nh sau:
Bng 3-11 Tnh lu lng h thng tham kho 3
Dch v

% Downlink
Connection

Phn b
connection

Throughput
(kbit/s)

Voice 12,2k

54,7 %

10,9

80,0

CS 64k
PS 64k

6,8 %
24,3 %

1,4
4,9

87,6
124,5

59

PS 128k

12,2 %

2,4

124,5

PS 384k

2,0 %

0,4

62,3

3.3 QUY HOCH VNG PH V DUNG LNG CHI TIT

Phn ny s trnh by vic hoch nh chi tit vng ph v dung lng.
Trong pha hoch nh c ban u xc nh c s lng Site v cu hnh s b
ca mng. n pha hoch inh chi tit, cn d liu truyn thc t t cc vng
hoch nh, cng vi mt ngi s dng c d bo v lu lng ngi s
dng. Cc thng tin v cc site trm gc ang tn ti cng cn tn dng cc s
u t cho cc site c. u ra ca hoch nh chi tit vng ph v dung lng l
v tr trm gc, cu hnh v cc thng s. C th vic quy hoch vng ph v dung
lng chi tit theo cc bc sau:
1/ D bo v xc nh phn b thu bao ti tng khu vc c th.
2/ Sau khi c c bnh qun dung lng ca mt Site pha nh c, tin
hnh tnh ton li ti cell theo s lng thu bao phn b c th ti site. Nu ti ca
Site p ng yu cu theo dung lng nh trc th xem nh t yu cu. Nu
khc th cn phi tnh li nh tng s Site hoc nng cp m rng dung lng Site.
3/ Sau khi c c dung lng ca site theo dung lng phc v thu bao
trn. Tin hnh la chn v tr site v cc thng s ca Site. Mt s thng tin v cc
Site cn a ra trong qu trnh ny nh sau:
- V tr ca Site gm: ta , a ch, loi vng ph yu cu
- Xc nh c nhu cu dch v
- Kho st hin trng vng ph v vng ph yu cu ln bn
- Thit k mng: cu hnh mng v dung lng mng truy nhp, dung lng
cc giao din kt ni
- La chn thit b: Cu hnh trm, anten, ph tr
3.4 TI U MNG
Ti u mng l mt qu trnh ci thin ton b cht lng mng khi
th nghim bi cc thu bao di ng v m bo rng cc ngun ti nguyn mng
c s dng mt cch hiu qu. Qu trnh ti u bao gm:

60

- o c hiu nng (cc ch tiu k thut).

- Phn tch cc kt qu o c.
- iu chnh mng.
Giai on u ca qu trnh ti u mng l nh ngha cc tiu ch hiu nng
chnh bao gm cc cc kt qu o h thng qun l mng v s liu o ngoi hin
trng hay bt k thng tin khc c th s dng xc nh cht lng dch v.
Tip theo, vic phn tch cc kt qu o c nhm mc ch phn tch cht
lng mng cung cp cho nh khai thc mt bc tranh tng quan v cht lng
v hiu qu s dng. Phn tch cht lng v bo co bao gm vic lp k hoch v
cc trng hp o ti hin trng v o bng h thng qun l mng. Sau khi
c t cc ch tiu cht lng dch v v phn tch s liu th c th lp ra bo
co iu tra. i vi h thng thng tin di ng th h 2, th cht lng bao gm:
thng k cc cuc gi b rt, phn tch nguyn nhn b rt, thng k chuyn giao v
kt qu o cc ln gi thnh cng. Cc h thng thng tin di ng th h 3 c cc
dch v rt a dng nn cn phi a ra cc nh ngha mi v cht lng dch v.
Vi s tr gip ca h thng qun l v vn hnh bo dng mng (OSS) c
th phn tch thng k hiu sut mng trong mt khong thi gian s dng, hin
ti v d bo cho tng lai. Ngoi ra, c th phn tch hiu sut thng qua cc thut
ton qun l ti nguyn v tuyn RRM v cc thng s ca chng KPI in hnh
nh: tng cng sut pht trm gc, tng ph chuyn giao mm; tc ngt cuc gi;
tr d liu gi... Sau tin hnh so snh KPI vi cc gi tr mc tiu s ch ra cc
vn tn ti ca mng c th tin hnh iu chnh mng.
Vic iu chnh mng bao gm: cp nht cc thng s RRM (v d cc thng
s chuyn giao; cc cng sut knh chung; s liu gi); thay i hng anten trm
gc, c th iu chnh hng anten trm gc bng b iu khin t xa trong mt s
trng hp (nh khi vng chng ln vi cell ln cn qu ln, nhiu cell cao v dung
lng h thng thp).

61

3.5 CHNG TRNH TNH TON M PHNG

3.5.1 Lu thut ton

62

3.5.2 Giao din chng trnh

3.5.3 Tnh ton m phng

63

Tham kho kt qu tnh ton quy hoch cho mng v tuyn UMTS 3G
Vinaphone khu vc Tp Nng chng 5 v ph lc
3.6 KT LUN CHNG
Quy hoch mng thng tin di ng 3G WCDMA l vn ht sc quan
trng, n nh hng n kh nng cung cp dch v, hiu qu kinh t i vi nh
khai thc. y l vic kh phc tp v s kt hp hi ha gia nhiu yu t. Trong
khun kh chng ny khng th trnh by ht cc yu t m ch a ra cc vn
ct li mang tnh nh hng, gi m cho cc nh hoch nh khi quy hoch mng
WCDMA, trong qu trnh nh c mng c trnh by tng i chi tit bng
vic phn tch tnh ton qu ng truyn v tuyn a ra c s trm gc,
phm vi ph sng ca Node-B hay bn knh ca cell. Vic phn tch dung lng
bao gm vic a ra m hnh lu lng v cch chuyn i cc loi dch v khc
nhau cng nh phng php tnh dung lng mng v tuyn. V cui cng l a
ra mt chng trnh tnh ton m phng quy hoch mng a ra cc kt qu theo
yu cu nh: bn knh cell, s lng Site, dung lng mng/Site..

64

Chng 4 HIN TRNG MNG VINAPHONE V NH

HNG TRIN KHAI MNG UMTS 3G
4.1 TNG QUAN MNG VINAPHONE
4.1.1 Tnh hnh pht trin ca Vinaphone nm 2008
Cng ha chung vi s tng trng mnh khng ngng ca pht trin kinh t
x hi Vit Nam ni chung v th trng vin thng ni ring, trong nhng nm qua
Cng ty Dch v Vin thng c nhiu pht trin vt bc a mng Vinaphone
cng vi Mobile-Phone, Viettel tr thnh cc mng cung cp dch v thng tin di
ng ln ti Vit Nam v quy m pht trin thu bao cng nh h tng mng: trong
nm 2008 pht trin mi thm 7.477.600 thu bao, u t mi hn 3000 BTS
m rng vng ph sng v sn sng trin khai cng ngh EDGE, 5.000K thu bao
cho phn Core. Vinaphone cng cung cp thm u s th 4 l 0125 (03 u s
hin c l 091, 094 v 0123). c bit vi s ra i ca dch v G-Phone p
ng nhu cu ca khch hng v khc phc c nhng hn ch v a hnh, v u
t xy dng h tng mng ti vng nng thn, min ni, hi o v c mc gi cc
ph hp vi khch hng c thu nhp thp. Tnh n cui nm 2008, tng s thu
bao thc hin ang hot ng trn mng ca Vinaphone ln con s gn 15,5 triu
thu bao (chim 23,4% tng th phn so vi cc mng cn li), trn 9.000 BTS ph
sng ton b 63/63 tnh thnh vi nhiu loi hnh dch v cung cp phong ph ph
hp vi mi i tng s dng: dch v tr sau Vinaphone, dch v in thoi di
ng tr trc (Vinacard, Vinadaily, Vinatext, VinaXtra, Vina365) v cc dch v
gia tng trn thu bao di ng (IR, GPRS/EDGE, SMS, WAP, MMS, Vina
SyncML, Info 360, 2Friends, DataSafe, thanh ton qua ngn hng Easy ToUp v
VnToUp v.v..).

65

Bng 4.1 Minh ha s liu pht trin thu bao mng Vinaphone trong cc nm
va qua
Mng Vinaphone

Nm
2004

Nm
2005

Nm 2006

Nm 2007

Nm 2008

Thu bao tr sau

610.000

789.800

833.500

871.600

899.900

Thu bao tr trc

1.905.00
0

2.436.200

4.520.300

7.519.200

14.589.500

2.515.00
0

3.226.00
0

5.353.800

8.390.700

15.489.400

TB tr trc kha 2 chiu vn cn gi s trn mng:

1.311.500

1.311.500

TB hat ng trn mng (k c TB kha 2 chiu):

9.702.200

16.800.900

Cng:

4.1.2. Tnh hnh mng li tnh n ht nm 2008

Sau khi hon thnh cc d n pht trin mng nm 2008, mng Dch v Vin
thng Vinaphone c quy m nh sau:
1. Phn chuyn mch:
- MSC/VLR: 24 tng i MSC_TDM vi tng dung lng 15.450K.
- MSC Transit/Gateway: 4 TSC_TDM vi tng dung lng 84.000 Erl.
- H thng HLR vi dung lng 22.000K.
- H thng chuyn tip bo hiu:
+ STPI-HNI

: im chuyn tip bo hiu ti khu vc min Bc v

min Trung;
+ STPII-HCM : im chuyn tip bo hiu ti khu vc min Nam;
2. H thng mng PPS-IN:
- H thng np d liu th voucher: 27.000K;
- H thng SCP, SDP c dung lng: 20.500K phn cng, license phn mm
20.500K.
3. Cc h thng cung cp dch v:
- H thng SMSC

: 9.728K BHSM

- H thng WAP

: 10K

- H thng VMS

: 50K hp th

- H thng MMS

: 20K BHMM

66

4. H thng GPRS:
- H thng GPRS: 500K
+ GGSN H Ni

: 500K

+ SGSN H Ni

: 250K

+ SGSN H Ch Minh : 250K

5. H thng IP/MPLS:
Hin ti, h thng mng IP/MPLS Core Network ca Vinaphone phc v cho
cc Mobile Softswitch trong tng lai ang c trin khai lp t ti H Ni, H
Ch Minh, Nng, Cn Th. Mng IP/MPLS Core Network ny s cho php kt
ni cc thit b Mobile Softswitch vi nhau v cung cp dch v thoi trn nn giao
thc IP, ngoi ra trc Backbone mi vi bng thng rng (cc kt ni STM-1) ny
cng cho php kt ni cc phn t ca h thng IP Contact Center phc v chm
sc khch hng mng Vinaphone nm 2008.
6. Phn v tuyn v vng ph sng:
(Ch tnh cc trm BTS pht sng n ht 12/2008)
- S BSC : 206
- Tng s BTS: 7.335
7. H thng truyn dn cp quang:
- H Ni: vng Ring cp quang 20 Gbps
- H Ch Minh: vng Ring cp quang 20 Gbps
- Nng: vng Ring cp quang 622 Mbps
8. Trung tm khai thc v bo dng mng:
Mng Vinaphone hin c 3 h thng qun l khai thc v bo dng chnh
ti H Ni gm c: OMC-R, OMC-S, OMC-G.
- OMC-R: Gim st h thng mng v tuyn, bao gm h thng OMC-R ca
Motorola, Alcatel, Ericsson, Siemens-Nokia, Huawei.
- OMC-S: Gim st mng chuyn mch ca Vinaphone, bao gm h thng
OMC-S ca Nokia-Siemens v h thng OMC-S ca Ericsson.
- OMC-G: Gim st h thng GPRS ca Nokia-Siemens.

67

9. Cc tham s k thut chung ca h thng:

- Cc dch v thoi:
+ Lu lng chim knh

: 25 mErl/thu bao

+ BHCA/thu bao ti MSC

: 1,5

+ BHCA/thu bao ti PPS-IN

:1

- Cc dch v s liu, gia tng:

+ T l thu bao SMS

: 100%

+ BHSM/thu bao

: 0,3

- Handover/cuc gi

:1

- Lu lng GPRS gi cao im

: 10% lu lng mng

- GoS (BSC-MSC)

: 0.01%.

- GoS (MSC-PSTN)

: 0.01%.

- GoS (MSC-MSC)

: 0.01%.

- GoS ca knh BSS

: 2%.

- GoS ca knh bo hiu

: 0.01%.

- Chc nng SSP, t l thu bao SSP

: 90%

- T l cuc gi:
+ MOC

: 35%

+ MTC

: 45%

+ MMC
4.2. HIN TRNG MNG V TUYN

: 20%

4.2.1 T chc mng v tuyn

- Mng di ng Vinaphone s dng cng ngh GSM, GPRS, EGDE.
- Bng tn v rng bng tn ang s dng
+ Bng tn s 900MHz:
on bng tn pht ca trm gc: 935,1MHz 943,5 MHz
on bng tn thu ca trm gc: 890,1 MHz 898,5 MHz
+ Bng tn s 1800MHz:
on bng tn pht ca trm gc:

1805 MHz 1825 MHz

on bng tn thu ca trm gc:

1710 MHz 1730 MHz

68

- Qua hn 13 nm khai thc, h thng v tuyn (BSS) mng Vinaphone do 5

nh cung cp thit b v c ti u ha phn vng phc v, c th gm:
Motorola, Alcatel, Ericsson, Huawei, Siemens.
- Ph sng tt c cc thnh ph, th x, th trn, cc trc ng quc l ni
lin cc khu kinh t trng im cc khu cng nghip, dch v, du lch quan trng,
cc khu vc ca khu, hi o quan trng v kinh t, an ninh, quc phng,
- rng ph sng 2G theo din tch trn c s h tng ca Vinaphone:
Vng ph sng 2G theo din tch (tnh theo km2) ca tng Qun/Huyn chi tit c
bn nh sau:
+ Tng din tch vng ph sng 2G trn ton quc: 227.495 km2
+ Vng ph sng 2G theo din tch: 68,69 %
4.2.2 Dung lng mng v tuyn
H thng v tuyn mng Vinaphone bao gm 5 nh khai thc v phn b
tng th dung lng cho cc khu vc tnh/thnh trn ton quc nh sau (s lng
tnh cho n ht cc d n trin khai trong nm 2008):
Bng 4.2 Thng k mng v tuyn GSM Vinaphone
BSC

PCU

S BTS

TP H Ni

18

18

568

BTS
S
TRX
8.272

12 tnh min Bc

76

76

2.052

15.424

68.797

Alcatel

16 tnh min Bc

34

2.227

20.275

90.740

Ericsson

3 tnh Bc trung b

682

6.591

31.244

Motorola

4 tnh min Trung

14

13

831

6.776

30.633

6 tnh Nam Trung b

12

12

1.321

8.506

36.035

TP H Ch Minh

22

22

579

8.849

40.131

7 tnh ng Nam b

30

30

1.381

13.243

62.360

Ty Ninh

134

804

3.296

Vng thit
b 2G hin
ti
Motorola

Huawei
Motorola
Siemens

BSC/PCU
Khu vc

Erlang TK
33.088

69

Huawei

13 tnh Ty Nam b
v Duyn Hi
Tng cng

28

28

1.933

18.795

88.631

206 BSC /
169 PCU
120.000 TRX

11.708
BTS

107.535
TRX

484.956
Erlang

Dung lng chi tit, cu hnh, chng loi thit b, phn b cho cc tnh/thnh
h thng BSS tham kho ph lc 1_Dung lng hin trng BSS 2G Vinaphone.
Nhng c im ca h thng v tuyn hin ti trn mng Vinaphone:
- n cui nm 2008, Vinaphone thc hin quy hoch lp t ng b
thit b h thng BSS ti u ha mng cho tng khu vc theo tng nh cung cp.
- Cc trm BTS thng thng c 6 TRX/BTS. i vi cc trm trong thnh
ph/khu ng dn c thng thng s dng cc BTS dualband 900/1800 MHz.
- C th cung cp c nhiu dng dch v hin c trn mng Vinaphone v
cc dch v mi trn nn GPRS/EDGE, AMR, HR.
- C kh nng nng cp ln cng ngh 3G theo nh hng pht trin mng
Vinaphone v ph hp vi xu hng pht trin cng ngh thng tin di ng trn th
gii.
4.3. HIN TRNG MNG LI V DCH V
4.3.1 Cu hnh mng li v dch v hin ti
Mng li v c bn gm: MSC/VLR, HLR, STP, PPS-IN, GPRS, SMS....
- Cc nt mng c ni vi nhau thng qua truyn dn knh c bn E1 (2
Mb/s). Mt s nt h tr giao din STM-1.
- Mi nt MSC/VLR phc v chuyn mch cho mt s a bn nht nh, khi
cc BSC phi kt ni trc tip v MSC thng qua cc knh E1.
- Lu lng mi nt mng c transit/Gateway qua tng i Transit TSC
ti cc trung tm. V cc TSC ny s kt ni vi cc mng Vinaphone cc khu vc,
PSTN, mng doanh nghip khc....
- Thit b mng Core do nhiu nh cung cp khc nhau cho tng loi thit b:
Ericsson, Nokia Siemens, Huawei, Comverse, ZTE...
Cu trc h thng mng li v dch v mng Vinaphone xem ph lc 2_Cu
trc mng Core-dch v mng Vinaphone

70

4.2.2 Dung lng mng li

Dung lng, cu hnh, thit b hin ti mng li v dch v ca mng
Vinaphone c phn b theo bng sau:
Bng 4.3 Dung lng mng li
TNG TH DUNG LNG CC NODE MNG
NODE MNG

S LNG

DUNG LNG
PHN CNG

PHN MM

MSC

25

15.400 K

15.400 K

TSC

84.000 Erl

84.000 Erl

STP

192 HSL, 8 Port Eth

192 HSL, 8 Port Eth

HLR

11

22.000 K

22.000 K

GPRS

500K/250PDP

500K/250PDP

SMS

9.728 K

9.728 K

VMS

50 K

50 K

PPS-IN

20.500 K

20.500 K

Dung lng chi tit, cu hnh, chng loi thit b cc h thng CORE v dch
v tham kho ph lc 3_Dung lng hin trng mng Core-Dch v.
Nhng c im ca h thng mng li v dch v hin ti trn mng
Vinaphone:
- Cc MSC s dng chuyn mch knh TDM. Vic u ni gia cc nt
mng s dng truyn dn TDM truyn thng, chi ph u t cho knh truyn dn
ln.

71

- Lu lng pht sinh gia cc thu bao di ng ch yu din ra trn cng

mt khu vc a l (cng 1 tnh), cu hnh kt ni, trong khi khi chuyn mch
v iu khin tp trung ti trung tm ca vng, s dn n pht sinh chi ph truyn
dn ng di rt ln t cc trung tm vng n cc tnh.
- Vic m rng mng gp kh khn v tn km: vi cu trc nh trn, mi
khi tng thm MSC hoc thm BSC nng dung lng mng, cn phi tin hnh
iu chnh li hu nh tt c cc kt ni, di chuyn phn qun l cc nt mng. Do
phi tin hnh trn mng ang hot ng vi s lng khch hng ln, nn y l
cng vic c nguy c nh hng ln n s vn hnh an ton ca h thng, rt tn
km v mt thi gian v chi ph thc hin.
4.4 NH HNG V K HOCH TRIN KHAI MNG 3G
4.4.1 nh hng kinh doanh thng mi
Mng di ng VinaPhone ca VNPT l mt trong 2 mng di ng u tin
c cp php cung cp dch v ti th trng Vit Nam. Sau hn 10 nm hot
ng, VNPT thit lp c mt ch ng vng chc trong th trng vin thng
ni a cho mng VinaPhone cng nh tch lu c nhng kinh nghim cn thit
v qun l, th trng v cng ngh. Ring i vi lnh vc dch v ni dung s,
VinaPhone c bn hon thin c c ch, m hnh hp tc kinh doanh vi cc
i tc cung cp, sn xut ni dung s. y chnh l tin khng th thiu c
th trin khai thng mi ho cc dch v trn nn 3G mt cch nhanh chng v
hiu qu trong thi gian ti.
Bn cnh nhng yu t thun li, thi gian gn y mng di ng VinaPhone
cng gp khng t thch thc c th nh hng tiu cc n hot ng sn xut kinh
doanh. Trong tng s thu bao di ng 2G ca VinaPhone, c n hn 90% l thu
bao tr trc vi mt t l khng nh l thu bao o. Tnh trng ny mt mt gy
kh khn trong vn qun l, mt khc gim tnh n nh v quy m ca mng.
Bn cnh , doanh thu bnh qun thng ca thu bao di ng ang gim nhanh do
gi cc thoi gim v t trng doanh thu d liu cn thp. Mt khc, sc p cnh
tranh t cc mng di ng i th l rt ln, c bit l mng di ng Viettel. Tt c

72

cc yu t ny, kt hp vi nhng bin ng kinh t v m, to mt p lc ln

i vi vic m bo cc ch tiu li nhun, doanh thu v th phn i vi dch v di
ng VinaPhone cng nh i sng ca ngi lao ng cng tc trong lnh vc ny.
Trong bi cnh nh trn, VNPT thc c tm quan trng ca nhim v
xc lp mt chin lc kinh doanh mi nhm duy tr v y mnh tc pht trin
ca mng di ng VinaPhone, trong chuyn i cng ngh 2G hin ti ln cng
ngh bng thng rng 3G c xem l mt trong nhng u tin hng u. Trn c
s pht huy cc th mnh sn c v kinh nghim v th trng, kt hp vi u im
vt tri ca cng ngh 3G, Vinaphone nhn nh vic trin khai mng di ng
cng ngh 3G c c hi to ra bc t ph v tnh cnh tranh v theo l kt qu
sn xut kinh doanh, c c th ho bng cc ch tiu mc tiu nh sau:
Pht trin thu bao: Tng s thu bao di ng tnh n ht nm 2023
phn u t xp x 30 triu thu bao thc vi t trng thu bao 3G l 100%. Tc
pht trin thu bao trung bnh hng nm trong giai on 2009-2023 c khong
5,6%.
Th phn: Phn u a th phn ca VinaPhone t mc 23,4% hin ti
ln 35% vo thi im ht hn giy php.
Tng doanh thu: VNPT phn u duy tr tc tng trng doanh thu
bnh qun hng nm ca mng di ng VinaPhone mc trn 7% trong giai on
2009-2023, a tng doanh thu di ng t xp x 39.000 t ti thi im 2023,
tng hn 2,9 ln so vi thi im hin nay.
Doanh thu dch v d liu (phi thoi) di ng: Tc tng trng

doanh thu dch v d liu trung bnh nm trong giai on 2009-2023 t trn 34%
vi t trng d liu (phi thoi) trn tng doanh thu ti thi im 2023 phn u t
64 %.
4.4.2 K hoch v d nh trin khai mng 3G
thc hin c cc mc tiu ra trn, d kin k hoch trin khai
trn mng 3G VinaPhone giai on 2009-2023 nh sau:

73

- M rng vng ph sng mng 3G: Vinaphone hoch nh ra nhng mc

tiu v vng ph sng theo dn s trong k hoch nm th 1, nm th 3, nm th 5
v nm th 15 sau khi c cp giy php theo bng di.

Bng 4.4 D kin trin khai vng ph sng 3G ca Vinaphone

Thi
gian
Thi
im
chnh
thc
cng b
dch v

Mc tiu v ph
sng trn t l
dn s
Hn 70% (theo
cch tnh ca
HSMTT)

Cc vng mc tiu

Cc vng khu vc trng

im

- Cc thnh ph ti Vit Nam

- H Ni

- Cc sn bay, hu ht cng, ca
khu, du lch, cng nghip,..,.

- TP H Ch Minh

- Hu ht cc trung tm tnh l,
mt phn khu dn c
qun/huyn quan trng.

- Nng
- Hi Phng
- Cn Th
- Hu v cc thnh ph khc
- Cc trung tm tnh l, dn c
mt cao c nhu cu ln,
quan trng trong chin lc
kinh doanh.
- Sn bay, cng, ca khu, du
lch, cng nghip,.. c nhu
cu ln.

Sau 3
nm

Khong 100%
(theo cch tnh ca
HSMTT)

- S trin khai dch v mng 3G

ti tt c cc tnh, thnh ph
trn ton quc

- Nng cao dung lng, cht

lng, bng thng dch v ti
cc thnh ph ln trn ton
quc.

- Hu ht cc qun/huyn trung
tm quan trng trn ton quc. - Cc ng quc l chnh.
- Tt c cc hu ht cng, ca
khu, du lch, cng nghip,..,.
- Bt u mc tiu a truy cp
Internet, dch v bng rng,
cng ch v nng thn
- Ph sng Inbuiding.
- Ph sng quc l chnh.
- Nng cao dung lng, cht
lng, bng thng dch v.

- a truy cp bng rng

Internet thng qua mng 3G
ti cc vng nng thn kh
khn trin khai cp quang,
cp ng.
- Ph Inbuiding trong cc to
nh thng mi, vn phng,
chung c cao cp.

74

Thi
gian

Sau 5
nm

Mc tiu v ph
sng trn t l
dn s
Khong 100%
(theo cch tnh ca
HSMTT)

- Nng cao dung lng, cht

lng, bng thng dch v ti
cc vng ph sng trn ton
quc.
- Trin khai rng mc tiu a
truy cp Internet, dch v bng
rng, cng ch thng qua
mng 3G v nng thn
- Ph sng Quc l, tnh l.
- M rng vng ph sng, cht
lng, bng thng dch v
Inbuilding.
- Trin khai rng mc tiu a
truy cp Internet, dch v bng
rng, cng ch thng qua
mng 3G v nng thn

Sau 15
nm

Khong 100 %
(theo cch tnh ca
HSMTT)

Cc vng khu vc trng

im

Cc vng mc tiu

- a truy cp Interrnet, dch

v bng rng, cng ch thng
qua ph sng 3G v cc
huyn l, cc im Bu in
Vn ha x nng thn, nhng
ni dch v bng rng hu
tuyn khng p ng nhu
cu.
- Ph sng c bn cc Quc l,
cc tnh l quan trng.
- M rng vng ph sng
Inbuiding trong cc to nh
thng mi, vn phng,
chung c cc thnh ph ln.
- Nng cao, dung lng, cht
lng, bng thng dch v
cc khu Inbuiding quan trng,
c nhu cu ln.

- Ph sng tt cc cc huyn l.

- Ph sng nng thn.

- Ph sng tt cc cc ng
Quc l, hu ht cc tnh l.

- Ph sng tt c cc Quc l,
cc tnh l quan trng.

- Trin khai c chiu su, nng

cao cht lng, bng thng
dch v bng rng, truy cp
Internet, cng ch thng qua
mng 3G v vng nng thn.

- Cc h c th.

- Cng ngh la chn: mng UMTS 3G s dng cng ngh WCDMA HSPA (HSDPA v HSUPA): Cc cng ngh gii quyt vn tng tc Uplink
v Downlink trn giao din radio 3G da trn nn tng cng ngh v tuyn
WCDMA. Khi c cp php 3G, cng vi vic trin khai mng UMTS 3G, cc
cng ngh c trin khai theo lch trnh nu ti bng sau:
Bng 4.5 K hoch trin khai k thut cng ngh
Cc mc
Thi gian

Cng ngh p dng

UPLINK

DOWNLINK

Tc ng
truyn ti a

Tc ng

75

truyn ti a

(Tc l thuyt)
1 nm

HSPA Cat.8

64 Kbps

3 nm

HSPA Cat.9/10

2,0 Mbps

Cc mc

Cng ngh p dng

Thi gian

(Tc l thuyt)
7,2 Mbps
10,0 Mbps
/14,4 Mbps

UPLINK

DOWNLINK

Tc ng
truyn ti a

Tc ng
truyn ti a

(Tc l thuyt)

(Tc l thuyt)

5 nm

HSPA+ (non
MIMO&OFDM)

5,76 Mbps

21 Mbps

15 nm

LTE, MIMO, OFDM

86 Mbps

173 Mbps

- Quy m mng li: Trong khong thi gian 15 nm t lc c giy php,

quy m mng 3G c trin khai trn mng vi s lng thit b v dung lng x
l cn thit nh sau
Bng 4.6 Quy m mng li 3G trong 15 nm
Thit b

MSS

Nng lc

1 Nm

3 Nm

5 Nm

15 Nm

S lng

12

13

23

10.000.000

16.000.000

18.500.000

32.000.000

14

19

21

35

10.000.000

16.000.000

18.500.000

32.000.000

10.600.000

16.900.000

19.000.000

33.700.000

20.000.000

32.000.000

37.000.000

64.000.000

10

19

Dung lng
(S thu bao)
S lng

MGW

Dung lng
(S thu bao)

T/G
-MGW
HLR/HSS
SGSN

Dung lng
(BHCA)
Dung lng
(S thu bao)
S lng

76

Thit b

Nng lc

1 Nm

3 Nm

5 Nm

15 Nm

4.000.000/

6.500.000/

9.000.000/

22.000.000/

3.200.000

5.200.000

7.200.000

17.600.000

(S lng PDP
Ctx)

3.200.000

5.200.000

7.200.000

17.600.000

RNC

S lng

15

40

51

75

NodeB

S lng

3.006

8.000

10.125

15.000

Dung lng
(S Thu bao/
PDP Ctx)
S lng
Dung lng

GGSN

M hnh tng th mng sau 3 nm, 5 nm. 15 nm xem ph lc 4_Cu hnh

mng 3G km theo.
4.5 PHNG N TRIN KHAI MNG V TUYN UMTS 3G
4.5.1 Quy m trin khai
Da trn c s h tng sn c bao gm h thng nh trm BTS, h thng
truyn dn, h thng ph tr, Vinaphone s ln k hoch vng ph sng mng dch
v 3G ti cc Tnh/Thnh ph v Qun/Huyn nhm mc tiu p ng ti a vic
tn dng trit cc ngun lc sn c ca Vinaphone ph sng cc vng trng
im c mt dn s cao v cc vng kinh t pht trin, thi gian trin khai nhanh
nht, chi ph t nht v ng b mng tt nht ...v.v. Sau y l phn thng tin v
cc vng ph sng 3G trn ton quc ti thi im mi bt u cung cp dch v 3G
v thi im sau 3 nm, sau 5 nm v sau 15 nm k t khi c cp giy php 3G,
c th nh sau:
Thi im

Chnh thc cung

cp dch v

Sau 3 nm

Sau 5 nm

Sau 15 nm

Tng s
NodeB

3.006

8.000

10.125

15.000

77

Sau y l phn thng tin v d kin din tch vng ph sng 3G v Vng
ph sng 3G theo din tch trn ton quc ca Vinaphone ti thi im chnh thc
cung cp dch v, thi im 3 nm, 5 nm v 15 nm k t thi im cp php 3G.
Thi im

Chnh thc cung

cp dch v

Sau 3 nm

Sau 5 nm

Sau 15 nm

Tng din tch ph

sng 3G (km2)

22.481

190.169

219.307

256.886

Vng ph sng 3G
theo din tch (%)

6,79%

57,42%

66,21%

77,56%

4.5.2 Trin khai chung c s h tng mng 3G/2G

Hin ti, c s h tng trm BTS mng 2G chia s vi NodeB mng 3G gm:
nh trm, ct anten, ng ten, feeder, thit b truyn dn, thit b cp ngun, h thng
cu cp trong v ngoi phng my, h thng chng st, h thng cnh bo trm,
thit b iu ha v chiu sng.
Cc trm BTS mng 2G c c s h tng chia s vi trm NodeB mng 3G
phi p ng cc iu kin sau y:
- V tr phng my nm trong qui hoch vng ph sng ca NodeB
- Phng my iu kin lp t thit b mi ca trm NodeB
- Cc trm BTS c trin khai tnh n ngy 31 thng 12 nm 2008

78

Power

BTS Node
-B

Power

BTS Node
-B

Hnh 4.1 M t thit b 3G dng chung s h tng 2G

Nhng trang thit b phc v cho vic chia s c s h tng gia trm thu
pht gc 2G (BTS) v trm thu pht gc 3G (NodeB) s c nu c th nh sau:
- Anten:
V ng ten, do bng tn p ng ng ten s dng 2G khc vi 3G, v ng ten
hin c ang s dng trn mng hu ht khng phi l loi ng ten dng chung cho
2G v 3G, nn khi a 3G vo s dng cn phi i sang loi ng ten c th s
dng chung cho 2G v 3G. Trong trng hp ct ng ten hin c chu lc v cn
ch lp ng ten 3G chuyn dng th cng c th xem xt lp mi ng ten
chuyn dng 3G vo ct ng ten sn c. Vic lp mi ng ten 3G c nhng u im
sau:
+ tin hnh ph sng cho tng khu vc mng 2G v 3G khc nhau,
chng ta c th lp t cc ng ten c lp vi cc gc nghing v phng v
khc nhau.
+ V khng phi thay i t ng ten chuyn dng cho mng 2G hin c
sang ng ten dng chung cho mng 2G v 3G, nn c th trnh c vn

79

gin on dch v 2G v l do thay ng ten. Theo c th ngn c nh

hng do gin on dch v i vi ngi ang s dng mng 2G.
2G+3G

2G

3G

2G

Hin trng

Thay th ngten

Gn thm ngten

Hnh 4.2 Phng n s dng anten cho 3G

- Dy cp feeder: Mc ch ca vic chia s c s h tng ca dy cp
feeder l gim chi ph s dng cp, y nhanh tin thi cng khi khng cn
phi lp t thm feeder t NodeB n ng ten.
Mng 2G hin ti s dng hai di bng tn GSM900MHz v 1800MHz.
Tng ng cp feeder t BTS900MHz v BTS1800MHz s c phn phi tng
hp thng qua Diplexer, trong thc t ng ten c kt ni vi BTS da theo hai
ng feeder/anten s dng phn cc H v phn cc V (bin i +/- 45 ).
Trong trng hp s dng chung anten 3G +2G th hn ch nhy ln
nhau ca mng 2G v 3G th s thay i Diplexer hin c bng Diplexer tng thch
vi mng 3G.

80

2G ANT

2G 3G
ANT

Diplexer
2G

Diplexer
2G

Diplexer
2G 3G

Diplexer
2G+3G

2G
BTS

2G
BTS

2G
BTS

2G
BTS

3G
NodeB

900M

1.8G

900M

1.8G

2G

Hnh 4.3 M t khi qut vic dng chung feeder

- Thit b cp ngun: Mc ch ca vic chia s c s h tng ca cc thit
b cp ngun l gim chi ph s dng trong vic trang b v lp t thit b cp
ngun, y nhanh tin trin khai khi khng m bo khng gian lp t ngun
mi.
bt u cung cp dch v 3G, v vic lp t NodeB l thit yu nn
lng in nng tiu th s tng. Vic tng cng cc thit b cp ngun nh c
quy, cc khi my nn Rectifier (thit b chnh lu dng in AC/DC) v cc thit
b in khc l cn thit.
+ Thit b Rectifier:
Theo nguyn l khi gn thm mt modul rectifier vo thit b cp ngun
hin c ca trm thu pht gc BTS, kh nng cp ngun ca thit b ny s c
tng ln. Nh , ta c th s dng mt cch hiu qu khng gian phng my ca
trm thu pht gc m khng cn lp t mi hon ton thit b cp ngun dng
cho NodeB.
+ c quy:
H thng c quy c trang b nhm mc ch cung cp in nng cho
thit b ang hot ng trong nhng trng hp ngun in chnh b mt, p
ng c phn in nng tiu th ca vic lp t thm cc thit b lin quan n

81

3G chng hn nh NodeB, cn phi lp t b sung tng dung lng cho h

thng c quy hin ti.
Thit b cp ngun AC/DC

Unit
#1

Unit
#2

2G
BTS

2G
BTS

3G
NodeB

900M

1.8G

2G

Unit
#3
Lp t

Hnh 4.4 M t dng chung thit b ngun

- Phng my: Mc ch ca vic chia s c s h tng ca phng my l
gim chi ph xy dng khng gian lp t thit b, y nhanh tin thi cng khi
khng cn xy dng mi v m rng phng my nhm m bo khng gian lp t
mi. Tn dng ti a khng gian trng ca phng my, lp t cc thit b lin quan
n mng 3G nh NodeB. Vn t ra y l khi trang b thm cc trang thit b
ca mng 3G vo phng my c sn, nhit lng to t my mc s tng, v vy cn
phi b sung thm cc thit b iu ho khng kh. Hnh v khi qut vic dng
chung phng my cho mng 3G c th hin nh sau:

82

Thit b cp ngun

GSM

GSM

iu ho khng
kh

Khng gian trng

BATT

Hin trng (Ch ring mng 2G)

Thit b cp ngun

BATT

GSM

GSM

3G

3G

iu ho khng kh

iu ho khng
kh

2G 3G

Hnh 4.5 M t dng chung nh trm

4.6 KT LUN CHNG
Mc ch chnh ca chng l kho st v thng k nng lc ton mng
Vinaphone hin ti. Vi dung lng hin ti hon ton p ng cho nhu cu
pht trin thu bao hin ti. Tuy nhin vic pht trin mng ln th h di ng th
3 l tt yu i vi mng Vinaphone. T s b tp hp nh hng kinh doanh
thng mi cho trin khai mng UMTS 3G, xy dng cu trc v phng n trin
khai mng NGN-Mobile cho mng Vinaphone n nm 2023. iu ny c mt
ngha c bit quan trng bi l n p ng yu cu thc t ca tnh hnh pht trin
chung, ng thi vic trin khai nh hng v gii php mi trn h thng 3G s
gp phn gip Vinaphone duy tr tc pht trin hin nay, n u cng ngh
mi v nng nng lc cnh tranh ca doanh nghip.

83

Chng 5. QUY HOCH V TUYN UMTS 3G MNG

VINAPHONE KHU VC TP NNG
5.1 HIN TRNG V D BO PHT TRIN THU BAO 3G MNG
VINAPHONE KHU VC TP NNG
5.1.1 Khi qut tnh hnh kinh t x hi ti Tp Nng
Nng nm trong ta 107.108 108.020 linh ng v 15.055
16.014 v Bc. Pha Bc gip tnh Tha Thin Hu, Ty v Ty nam gip tnh
Qung Nam, pha ng gip bin ng. Din tch t nhin 1.283,42 km2, vi dn
s l 806.744 ngi, mt 628,58 ngi/km2 (nm 2007) v bao gm 6 qun l:
Hi Chu, Thanh Kh, Ng Hnh Sn, Sn Tr, Cm L, Lin Chiu v 02 huyn:
Ha Vang v Hong Sa.
Nm ti v tr trung tm ca t nc trn trc giao thng Bc-Nam v
ng b, ng bin v ng hng khng. a hnh thnh ph va c ng bng,
ni, binv nm trong vng kh hu nhit i gi ma in hnh. ng thi
Nng cn l trung tm ca 3 di sn vn ha th gii ni ting ca Vit Nam. Trong
phm vi khu vc v quc t, Nng nm trong hnh lang kinh t ng ty, l
tuyn hnh lang di 1450 km, i qua 4 nc, bt u t thnh ph cng
Mawlamyine (bang Mon) n ca khu Myawaddy (bang Kayin) bin gii
Myanmar - Thi Lan. Vi nhng iu kin thun li nh vy, nhn dn Tp Nng
quyt tm xy dng Xy dng thnh ph Nng tr thnh mt trong nhng trung
tm kinh t - vn ho ln ca min Trung v c nc, vi cc chc nng c bn l
mt trung tm cng nghip, thng mi, du lch v dch v ca min Trung; l
thnh ph cng, u mi giao thng (ng bin, ng hng khng, ng st,
ng b) quan trng v trung chuyn v vn ti trong c nc v quc t; l trung
tm bu chnh vin thng v ti chnh, ngn hng; l mt trong nhng trung tm
vn ho - th thao, gio dc - o to, trung tm khoa hc cng ngh ca min
Trung; Nng cn l mt trong nhng a bn gi v tr chin lc quan trng v
quc phng v an ninh khu vc nam Trung B, Ty Nguyn v c nc.

84

Kinh t-x hi nc ta nm 2008 din ra trong bi cnh tnh hnh th gii v

trong nc c nhiu bin ng phc tp, kh lng. Khng hong ti chnh ton
cu dn n mt s nn kinh t ln suy thoi, kinh t th gii suy gim; thin tai,
dch bnh i vi cy trng vt nui xy ra lin tip trn a bn c nc gy nh
hng ln n sn xut v i sng dn c. Tuy nhin, nh s lnh o, ch o kp
thi, quyt lit ca ng b v chnh quyn Tp nng; s n lc c gng v ch
ng khc phc kh khn ca cc ngnh, cc tp on, doanh nghip, cc c s sn
xut nn kinh t-x hi Tp nng nm 2008 tng bc vt qua kh khn, thch
thc, kinh t c bc tng trng kh, lm pht c kim ch, an sinh x hi c
bo m, nhiu vn x hi bc xc tip tc c gii quyt c hiu qu v kt
qu t c ch yu sau: tng trng kinh t l 11%, thu ngn sch 8.032 t ng
t 120% so vi k hoch, gi tr sn xut cng nghip - xy dng c tng 16,6%,
trong cng nghip c tng 17,6%, gi tr sn xut cc ngnh dch v c tng
15%, Kim ngch xut khu HH&DV c tng 19,5%, trong xut khu hng ha
c tng 16,1%;
5.1.2 Tnh hnh pht trin mng Vin thng ti Tp Nng
Hin ti trn a bn Tp Nng c rt nhiu nh khai thc mng Vin
thng nh: VNPT, Viettel, EVN, SPT, HT-Mobile, GTel, FPT Telecom. Tuy
nhin th phn khai thc ch lc vn l cc n v thuc Tp on Bu chnh Vin
thng Vit Nam (VNPT): Vin thng Nng, VDC3, VTN3, VTI3 v 02 mng di
ng: Vinaphone v MobilFone. Theo thng k n cui nm 2008,
Tng s thu bao thuc VNPT trn a bn Tp nng c khong 47,4 triu thu bao, tng
70,9% so vi thi im cui nm trc, trong in thoi di ng t 37,1 triu thu bao,
chim trn 70% th phn v tng 100,5%; in thoi c nh t 10,3 triu thu bao, chim
th phn tuyt i v tng 11,5%.

85

* Ch tiu v nh hng pht trin vin thng ti Tp Nng n nm 2010:

- n 2010 phn u t l doanh thu ngnh vin thng s chim t 4%-7%
GDP ca ton thnh ph.
- 100% cc doanh nghip trn a bn thnh ph c Internet v c s dng
cc ng dng Internet trong kinh doanh.
- 100% cc trng cp I, II, III c kt ni Internet bng rng v c s dng
bi ging in t trong cng tc ging dy.
- 100% bnh vin cp huyn tr ln ng dng Internet bng rng trong cng
tc chm sc sc khe; 50% trm y t kt ni Internet bng rng.
- 100% s, ban ngnh, chnh quyn cp thnh ph v huyn x c kt ni
Internet vo mng din rng ca thnh ph; m bo cc dch v trong mi trng
Internet, cung cp dch v hnh chnh cng qua mng, thng mi in t, dch v
ngn hng, ti chnh, hi quan,...
- Mt thu bao Internet quy i t 23%, vi 53% dn s s dng
Internet.
- 70% thanh nin bit s dng Internet v 30% s dn vng su, vng xa
c tip cn dch v Internet.
- 100% thn c in thoi c nh v c sng di ng.
- Cc tuyn ng chnh ni thnh khng cn cp treo v chiu di dy sp
(dy thu bao) khng qu 100m; cc tuyn ng khc trong ni thnh chiu di
cp treo khng qu 100m v dy sp khng qu 200m. Ti khu vc ngoi thnh,
chiu i cp treo khng qu 500m. Mt in thoi (c nh v di ng) ton
thnh ph t mc 86,74 my/100 dn, trong , mt in thoi c nh l
32,95my v in thoi di ng l 53,76 my.
- Mng di ng tng ng vi 2.700 my thu pht (TRX). Nng cp mng
li ln cng ngh 3G. Cung cp cc dch v ni dung, dch v gia tng.

86

5.1.3 Hin trng mng Vinaphone khu vc Tp Nng

Sau khi hon thnh cc d n pht trin mng nm 2008, mng Dch v Vin
thng Vinaphone khu vc Tp Nng (h thng chuyn mch, dch v GPRS qun
l ton b khu vc min Trung) c quy m nh sau:
- Phn chuyn mch:
+ MSC/VLR: 02 tng i MSC ca Ericsson v Siemens vi tng
dung lng 1.850K. 02 tng i ny lm c chc nng Transit/Gateway vi
trung tm min Nam, min Bc v cc mng ngoi
+ 01 HLR_Siemens vi dung lng 2.000K.
- PPS-IN: 03 khi IVR_Comverse (Interactive Voice Response) c tng nng
lc 600 port (tng ng 2.400K BHCA)
- H thng SMSC_Huawei dung lng 2.048K BHSM
- Phn v tuyn v vng ph sng: thit b BSS c lp t ng b thit b
Motorola, gm:
+ TRAU: gm 23 TRAU (kt ni chung cho ton b h thng BSS
Motorola ti Nng, Qung Nam, Ph Yn, Khnh Ha) c tng s giao
tip l 1.132 E1 A-Interface.
+ 04 BSC cu hnh 4-Cage vi tng s TRX qun l l 2.048 TRX
+ BTS: gm 175 BTS - 1.211 TRX vi tng lu lng thit k l
5.553 Erlang.
C th danh sch v cu hnh BTS hin ti xem ph lc 5_Hin trng
BSS 2G khu vc Tp Nng km theo
5.1.4 D bo pht trin thu bao 3G mng Vinaphone khu vc Tp Nng
5.1.4.1 Tnh hnh pht trin thu bao mng Vinaphone khu vc Tp Nng
Cng ha chung vi s tng trng mnh khng ngng ton mng,
Vinaphone Tp Nng tr thnh mt trong cc mng cung cp dch v thng tin di
ng ln ti Tp Nng v quy m pht trin thu bao cng nh h tng mng:
tnh n cui nm 2008, tng s thu bao thc hin ang hot ng trn mng ca
Vinaphone ti khu vc l 394,7 nghn thu bao, trn 200 BTS ph sng ton b cc

87

qun huyn, h thng chuyn mch dung lng 1.650K subs.

Minh ha s liu pht trin thu bao mng Vinaphone khu vc Tp nng
trong nhng nm qua:
Mng Vinaphone
Thu bao tr sau

Nm
2006
15.641

Nm
2007
16.331

Nm 2008

Thu bao tr trc

161.968

269.878

377.830

Cong thue bao hoat dong thuc

177.600

286.200

394.700

16.860

5.1.4.2 D bo pht trin thu bao mng Vinaphone khu vc Tp Nng

Theo nh gi ca cc chuyn gia: th trng di ng Vit Nam vn tip tc
l mt th trng rt tim nng. c bit trong nm 2009, khi m cc nh cung cp
hin c tip tc hon thin mnh v a vo cc dch v mi 3G nhm thu ht c
gii tr cng nh cc i tng khch hng c nhu cu s dng Data-di ng. V
vi mt t nc hn 85 triu dn, t l dn s tr cao th nhu cu s dng dch v
di ng s cn tng cao, d kin ti nm 2010, Vit Nam s c khong 65 triu in
thoi di ng. Qua , i vi mng Vinaphone, giai on 2009-2014, d bo pht
trin thu bao mng Vinaphone qua cc cn c sau:
- Vic d bo ly n v c bn l thu bao hot ng, khng k l loi thu
bao tr trc, tr sau hay c mc doanh thu khc nhau.
- Mi trng cnh tranh quyt lit v lnh vc Di ng Vit nam, khng
cho php VNPT chm tr trong cc quyt nh pht trin mng v cng ngh Di
ng.
- Vic d bo cho Vinaphone cn c trn d bo v tng thu bao hot ng
ca ton th trng dch v in thoi di ng Vit Nam.
- S tng trng ca tng s thu bao ny c xc nh da trn cc yu t:
dn s c th s dng dch v in thoi di ng, tc tng trng GDP, t l m
rng vng ph sng theo dn c, nh hng ca gim gi (gim gi cc v khuyn
mi nhp mng).

88

- Th phn hin ti, kh nng v mc tiu v th phn tng trng ca

Vinaphone c xc nh theo tng trung tm v tng nm.
- V dn s, gi thit l ton b dn s trong tui u c nhu cu tim n
v s dng dch v in thoi di ng. Mt gi thit na l s c mt b phn thu
bao s dng ng thi mt lc dch v ca c hai mng.
- V tc tng GDP, d tnh cc nm ti s c t l tng l 9% v sau l
8%. Trn thc t, tc tng thu nhp bnh qun u ngi cng tng theo t l
tng ng ca GDP.
- V vng ph sng, l trnh d tnh l n cui nm 2010, 93% dn s trn
lnh th Vit Nam s c ph sng.
- Trong nm 2008, t l ca Vinaphone trong th trng tng trng mi l
30% v mc tiu 35% cho cc nm tip theo. Cng ty s tp trung pht trin cho cc
th trng cn nhiu tim nng l Trung tm I, Trung tm II a th phn ca
Vinaphone ti cc khu vc ny ln trn 35%.
p dng phng php v cc gi thuyt trn tnh ton, d bo v pht
trin thu bao ca mng Vinaphone khu vc Tp Nng cho giai on 2009-2014
nh bng sau:
Ch tiu
Tng thu bao
Vinaphone

Cui nm 2008

Cui nm 2009

Cui nm 2011

Cui nm 2013

Thu
bao

Th
phn

Thu
bao

Th
phn

Thu
bao

Th
phn

Thu
bao

Th
phn

394,7

23,4%

592,1

31%

851,2

31%

978,8

33%

20,5

33%

127,7

35%

440,5

35%

(nghn)
Thu bao 3G
(nghn)

T s liu d bo tng qut trn, sau khi kho st theo nhu cu ca tng
qun/huyn trn a bn thnh ph th d bo nhu cu theo n v hnh chnh c th
nh sau:

89

Bng 5.1 D bo pht trin thu bao mng Vinaphone Tp Nng

STT

Qun/huyn

Dn s Din tch Thu bao nm 2009 Thu bao nm 2011

(ngi)
(km2)
2G
3G
2G
3G

Thu bao nm 2013

2G

3G

Hi Chu

195.106

21,35

138.238

5.758

174.974

35.883

130.184

116.532

Thanh Kh

167.287

9,36

118.527

5.051

150.025

31.480

111.622

101.342

Sn Tr

119.969

59,32

85.001

2.848

107.590

18.990

80.049

55.506

Ng Hnh Sn

54.066

38,59

38.307

1.574

48.487

11.558

36.075

44.521

Lin Chiu

95.088

79,13

67.372

2.416

85.276

12.052

63.447

51.920

Cm L

68.320

33,76

48.406

1.736

61.270

10.814

45.586

37.304

Ha Vang

106.910

736,91

75.748

1.117

95.878

6.923

71.336

33.375

Hong Sa
Tng cng

305
806.746

1.283,42

571.600

20.500

723.500

127.700

538.300

440.500

5.2 THIT K QUY HOCH MNG

5.2.1 Tnh ton s lng Node-B cn thit
Trong ni dung thit k vng ph sng, qu cng sut ng ln (Uplink
budget) c s dng tnh bn knh cell v a ra s trm (Node B) cn thit
m bo ph sng theo yu cu. Trong giai on trin khai ban u, s lng thu
bao 3G v cc dch v gia tng cha pht trin mnh, lu lng vn cn thp. Do
vy, chng ta s ch trng vo vic xy dng mt mng 3G c vng ph rng ti
cc thnh ph ln nh H Ni, Tp. H Ch Minh, Nng, Hi Phng, Cn Th,
Nha Trang, Bin Ha, Cn Th, H Long v ton b thnh ph, th x trung tm
ca 64 tnh trn c nc.
i vi mi trng th ti thnh ph ln, cc khu vc trung tm c mt
thu bao ln (dense urban) c tnh ton thit k sn sng p ng cc dch v
truyn d liu tc cao nh PS 384, HSPA.. ng thi vi cc khu vc th yu
cu mc ph sng ti thiu cho dch v CS 64, ngoi l CS 12,2. Do vi cc
khu vc qun/huyn trn a bn Tp nng, qua kho st s b, xc nh c
khu vc mt thu bao v cc dch v s liu sn sng p ng nh sau:

90

Bng 5.2 D kin loi hnh ph sng 3G v dch v trn a bn Tp Nng

STT Qun/huyn

Mt Dn
s
(ngi/km2)

c im

D kin
ph
sng

D kin tc
dch v cung cp
tnh vng ph

Hi Chu

9.251,11

Thng mi, du lch, cao c

vn phng,dn c ng c

Dense
urban

CS 64

Thanh Kh

18.046,06

Thng mi, cao c vn

phng, sn bay, dn c ng
c

Dense
urban

CS 64

Sn Tr

1.970,58

Du lch, khu cng nghip, cng

bin, dn c tp trung va phi

Urban

CS 64

Ng Hnh
Sn

1.476,41

Du lch, lng i hc, dn c

tp trung va phi

Urban

CS 64

Lin Chiu

1.144,54

Du lch, khu cng nghip, lng

i hc, cng bin, dn c tp
trung va phi

Urban

CS 64

Cm L

2.054,74

Bun bn nh, nng nghip,

dn c tp trung va phi

Urban

CS 64

Ha Vang

khu cng nghip, nng nghip,

cng bin, dn c tp trung
tha tht

Sub
urban

12,2

151,14

Da vo cc s liu thu thp v kho st trn, thc hin nh c, tnh ton

quy hoch mng nhm m bo c cc yu cu v ph sng v m bo c gi
thnh u t hp l. Thc hin tnh ton bng chng trnh chng 3 ta thu c
kt qu nh sau:
Bng 5.3 D kin s lng Node-B trin khai ti Tp Nng
STT

Qun/huyn

Mt Dn s
(ngi/km2)

S Node B cn
ph sng

D kin
ph sng

Hi Chu

9.251,11

39

Dense
urban

Thanh Kh

18.046,06

17

Dense
urban

Sn Tr

1.970,58

27

Urban

Ng Hnh Sn

1.476,41

23

Urban

Lin Chiu

1.144,54

35

Urban

Cm L

2.054,74

20

Urban

Ha Vang

151,14

21

Suburban

Tng cng

182 Node-B

91

Vi s lng Node-B tnh c trn, theo nhu cu s dng v yu cu

v cht lng ph sng trong vng 2 nm bt u trin khai dch v, c s h tng
mng hin c cho thit b 2G, d kin vic trin khai Node-B ti Tp Nng s
chia lm 02 giai on:
- Pha 1: Giai on 2009 2010 vi tng s l 134 Node-B v s s dng
chung c s h tng trm 2G hin c y nhanh tin trin khai
- Pha 2: Giai on 2011-2013 vi tng s l 182 Node-B, khi s lp t b
sung thm trm cho giai on 1 v ng thi nng cp m rng cc Node-B hin c
m bo dung lng phc v thu bao.
- Pha 3: Sau 5 nm khai thc a mng vo s dng s ty thuc vo nhu cu
v hin trng phc v ca mng s tin hnh ti u ha mng. T s quyt nh
nng cp cu hnh v b sung lp t thm Node-B.
C th dung lng v s lng Node-B lp t ti cc khu vc trong Tp xem phn
5.2.1.Tnh ton dung lng cho Node-B.
5.2.2 Tnh ton dung lng cho Node-B
Da trn cc s liu v traffic model ca mt s mng 3G ang hot ng
trong khu vc, d kin cc tham s lu lng trn mng thit k dung lng nh
sau:
Bng 5.4 M hnh traffic Model d kin ca mng Vinaphone
Parameter

Unit

Uplink

Downlink

Voice call traffic per subs BH

Video call traffic per subs BH
PS sub penetration rate

Erlang
Erlang

0,025
0,0025

0,025
0,0025

Average throughput of PS64/64 PS

subs BH

Kbyte

20

40

Average throughput of
PS subs BH

PS64/128

Kbyte

10

30

Average throughput of
PS subs BH

PS64/384

Kbyte

50

Average HSDPA throughput per

HSDPA subs BH

Kbyte

Average HSUPA throughput per

HSUPA subs BH

Kbyte

450
150

Percentage
subscribers
100%
30%
70%

of

92

Cn c vo Traffic model trn v s lng Node-B tnh m bo ph

sng theo yu cu, tnh ton cu hnh cho Node-B gm: s CE (Channel Element)
v Number Code (S dng cho HSDPA) cn thit, c th cho khu vc Tp Nng
nh sau:
- Pha 1 Giai on 2009-2010:
Bng 5.5 S Node-B lp t d kin pha 1
Pha 1 giai on 2009-2010
Thu 3G
n nm
2011

S lng
Node-B

Hi Chu

35.883

32

1.122

49,40

68

Thanh Kh

31.480

16

1.968

86,64

107

Sn Tr

18.990

20

950

41,82

60

Ng Hnh Sn

11.558

21

551

24,26

41

Lin Chiu

12.052

25

483

21,26

38

Cm L

10.814

16

676

29,76

47

6.923

1.731

76,21

96

Qun/huyn

Ha Vang
Tng cng

127.700

Thu
Dung lng
Erlang yu
bao
CE ti thiu
cu/Node-B
/Node-B
1 hng

134

Bng 5.6 Cu hnh 134 Node-B d kin pha 1

Node B Config 1/1/1 ready 3/3/3
128 CE Uplink & 128 CE Downlink
Knh CE
(Ready 384 UL/384 DL)
Code cho HSDPA

15 Code 16 QAM ti a 14,4 Mbps/Node

- Pha 2 Giai on 2011-2013:

Bng 5.7 S Node-B lp t d kin pha 2
Pha 2 giai on 2011-2013
Qun/huyn

Thu 3G
n nm
2013

S lng
Node-B

Thu
Dung lng
Erlang yu
bao
CE ti thiu 1
cu/Node-B
/Node-B
hng

Hi Chu

116.532

39

2.988

131,55

157

Thanh Kh

101.342

17

5.962

262,48

298

Sn Tr

55.506

27

2.056

90,52

115

Ng Hnh Sn

44.521

23

1.936

85,23

110

Lin Chiu

51.920

35

1.484

65,33

89

Cm L

37.304

20

1.866

82,15

106

Ha Vang

33.375

21

1.590

70,00

94

93

Pha 2 giai on 2011-2013

Qun/huyn

Thu 3G
n nm
2013

S lng
Node-B

Tng cng

440.500

182

Thu
Dung lng
Erlang yu
bao
CE ti thiu 1
cu/Node-B
/Node-B
hng

T kt qu trin khai t c ti pha 1, d kin trin khai cho pha 2 nh sau:

Bng 5.8 D kin Node-B lp t trin khai cho pha 2
Trin khai Pha 2 giai on 2011-2013
STT

Qun/huyn

Hin trng
Node-B
1/1/1

S lng Node-B trang b

Nng
Nng
cp 1/1/1 cp 1/1/1
ln 2/2/2 ln 3/3/3

1/1/1

Tng cng sau lp t

2/2/2

2/2/2

30

Hi Chu

32

Thanh Kh

16

10

Sn Tr

20

27

Ng Hnh Sn

21

23

Lin Chiu

25

10

35

Cm L

16

20

Ha Vang

17

21

Tng cng

134

19

1/1/1

47

156

3/3/3

11

20

Bng 5.9 Cu hnh Node-B d kin pha 2

Node B

Config 1/1/1 ready 3/3/3

Config 2/2/2 ready 3/3/3

Config 3/3/3

Config
128 CE Uplink & 128 CE 256 CE Uplink & 256 384 CE Uplink & 384 CE
Knh CE

Downlink

CE Downlink

(Ready 384 UL/384 DL)

(Ready 384 UL/384 DL)

Downlink

Code cho

15 Code 16 QAM ti a 15 Code 16 QAM ti a 15 Code 16 QAM ti a

HSDPA

14,4 Mbps/Cell

14,4 Mbps/Cell

14,4 Mbps/Cell

- Dung lng RNC: Do d kin vic trin khai ban u lp t thit b v

tuyn UMTS 3G ng b s theo khu vc tnh/thnh v ti Nng & cc tnh
min trung s lp t ng b 01 chng loi thit b. Trong ti Nng s c 01
RNC v qun l mt vi tnh thnh khc. V vy vic tnh dung lng cho RNC ny
s ph thuc vo s lng Node-B trin khai ti cc tnh/thnh khc m RNC ny s
qun l. Nn vic tnh dung lng RNC s khng thc hin tnh trong lun vn ny.

94

5.2.3 Kho st lp t trm pha 1

5.2.3.1 V tr Node-B v RNC
Thng qua kho st cc v tr BTS_2G Vinaphone hin c ti TP Nng,
nhn thy vic dng chung c s h tng hin c lp t cho cc Node-B l hon
ton hp l, c th:
- V trm hon ton p ng b sung thm thit b Indoor ca Node-B.
- Tr anten: cc BTS hin c mi ch treo khong 4 b anten gm 3 b anten
BTS + 1 b anten Viba. Trong khi cc tr anten hin ti c thit k chu lc v
v tr lp t ti thiu cho 12 b anten, nn vic lp b sung 3 b anten ca Node-B
vo cc tr ny l hon ton m bo.
- H thng ph tr khc nh tip t, h thng cnh bo, iu ha...cng
hon ton p ng vic lp t b sung trm. Tuy nhin ring i vi h thng
ngun DC (Rectifier v Accu) th cn phi nng cp m rng v h thng DC ny
mi ch m bo phc v cho BTS v phn vic ny trong qu trnh trin khai lp
t thc t Vinaphone v Vin thng Nng s phi hp thc hin.
- Ring RNC thun tin cho cng tc u ni v ti u truyn dn RNC v
MSS (Mobile Softswitch), d kin RNC s lp t cng v tr vi MSS. C th
RNC_ Nng s c lp t ti Ta nh K thut Vinaphone 3 - S 04 Nguyn
Vn Linh,
Qua thng k c s h tng nu trn, d kin danh sch v v tr cc Node-B
v RNC s c trin khai trong pha 1 xem ph lc 6_Tng hp s liu kho st v
tr lp t Node-B Vinaphone ti Tp Nng pha 1
5.2.3.2 Truyn dn cho Node-B
Dung lng trn giao din Iu-B ti thiu truyn dn v RNC cho mi
Node-B khong 8 lung E1 (bao gm d phng cho cc dch v s liu v sau).
Trong khi vic s dng chung truyn dn hin ti (kt hp Viba v cp quang)
ca BTS v cc BSC l rt kh khn v khng kh thi, v:
- Dung lng truyn dn hin ti ca cc BTS gn nh l khng p ng
c vic u ni thm cho Node-B

95

- Cc BTS u ni v cc BSC theo kiu hnh sao nn cha c c Ring

gia cc BTS. Do vy s khng m bo c an ton v khng c d phng khi
cc tuyn truyn dn ny mt lin lc. ng thi khi s trm BTS tng thm th vi
cu hnh sao s lm cho h thng truyn dn cng phc tp, s anten Viba v hops
s dy c cc TP ln nh Nng;
- Cc thit b truyn dn viba hin c trn mng vi cng ngh PDH c dung
lng thp (t 2E1 n 4E1), khng h tr giao din IP... Nn s khng p ng
c cc yu cu v truyn ti cc dch v yu cu bng thng rng, cc dch v
trn nn IP trong mng dung lng ln nh 3G; V s kh khn trong vic trin
khai h thng mng p ng cht ch cc yu cu v QoS trong tng lai.
- C nhiu chng loi thit b ang hot ng trn mng nh NEC, Ericcson,
Nera, Alcatel, Harriss, Siemens nn thc s kh khn trong cng tc qun l mng
(NMS), bo dng ng cu... dn n tng chi ph vn hnh khai thc v hon ton
khng ti u xy dng mt h thng qun l chung.
Vi nhng nhc im trn v cc yu cu i vi mt h thng truyn dn
mi phi p ng c cc yu cu v cht lng, in cy cc tuyn truyn dn,
truyn ti cc dch v bng rng, linh hot trong qun l khai tc v u ni, cn
thit phi xy dng mt mng truyn dn mi theo cng ngh NG SDH ng b
h tr truyn dn cho h thng v tuyn 3G khu vc Tp Nng theo phng n
sau:
- Tuy vic trin khai h thng mng Viba-SDH th thun tin v nhanh chng
hn vic trin khai mng truyn dn quang. Nhng do h thng truyn dn quang
hin c ca VNPT Nng l rt a dng v gn nh i qua tt c cc v tr
Node-B c trin khai nn s tn dng ti a mng truyn dn quang ny.
- Thc hin nng cp mng truyn dn VNPT Nng hin ti to vng
Ring lin Host phc v ring cho mng 3G gm Host i Pht Host Ha Khnh
Host 2-9 Host Bc M An RNC Vinaphone s dng thit b ADM-64 v ADM16 v vic khai thc v gim st c thc hin trn cng 1 h thng qun l tp
trung.

96

- Lp t cc u cui thit b quang ADM-1 ti cc Node-B u ni im

im vo trm thuc VNPT Nng gn nht.
- Thc hin lp t cng mt chng loi thit b u cui quang nhm ti u
cng tc qun l mng sau ny.
- Ti cc im khng th trin khai lp t thit b quang th s trin khai lp
t cc tuyn Viba vi dung lng 16 E1.
Qua kho st hin trng truyn dn ca cc BTS v phng n d kin nu
trn, s lng thit b u cui quang, Viba v cu hnh truyn dn d kin lp t
xy dng mng truyn dn 3G cho cc Node-B v RNC nh sau:
- Thit b truyn dn quang:
+ Lp t thit b to RING lin HOST:
Bng 5.10 Lp t thit b truyn dn to RING lin HOST
Thit b
Tn trm

Truyn dn
quang ADM 64

Truyn dn
quang ADM 16

Host i Pht

MSC Vinaphone 3

Host 2-9

Host Ha Khnh

Host Bc M An

Tng cng

+ Lp t thit b ti Node-B u ni im-im v CSND gn nht

ca VNPT Nng nh sau:

Bng 5.11 Lp t quang cho cc Node-B

STT
1
2
3
4
5

Tn trm
Da-Nang-Airport_DNG
Trn Ph 2_DNG
Tue-Tinh_DNG
Thanh-Long_DNG
210-Tran-Cao-Van_DNG

TB ADM-1

Dung lng
lp t E1

1
1
1
1
1

8
8
8
8
8

u im-im v trm
vin thng VNPT Nng
CSND ng Ty
CSND Trng N Vng
CSND Trng N Vng
VTN 3
VTN 3

97

TB ADM-1

Dung lng
lp t E1

CMT8_DNG
Duy-Tan_DNG
Le-Ba-Trinh_DNG
CD-Phuong-Dong_DNG
Tay-Nam-Hoa-Cuong_DNG
BD-Hoa-Xuan_DNG
Doi-Cung_DNG
38-Bui-Ky_DNG
Nai-Hien-Dong_DNG
CD-Viet-Han_DNG
KCDT-Tan-Tra_DNG
Non-Nuoc_DNG
Sandy Beach_DNG
10-Yet-Kieu_DNG
6G-Thanh-Vinh_DNG
Bai-Bac_DNG
Bai-But_DNG
Ngu-Hanh-Son_DNG
Tran-Hoanh_DNG
Tu-Vien-Paulo_DNG
17-Ngo-Quyen_DNG
BC-Ngo-Quyen_DNG
818-Tran-Cao-Van_DNG
Dien-Bien-Phu_DNG
Huynh-Ngoc-Hue_DNG
Thai-Thi-Boi_DNG
VMS-Hoa-Lien_DNG
Khu-Hoa-An_DNG
Ton-Duc-Thang_DNG
Cu-De_DNG
Nguyen-Luong-Bang_DNG
1016-Truong-Chinh_DNG
Ho-Tung-Mau_DNG
KDC-Hoa-Minh_DNG
Phan-Van-Dinh_DNG

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8

Tng cng

40

320

STT
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40

Tn trm

u im-im v trm
vin thng VNPT Nng
CSND Cm L
CSND Duy Tn
CSND Duy Tn
CSND Ha Cng
CSND Ha Cng
CSND Ha Xun
CSND Khu Trung
CSND Khu Trung
CSND Mn Thi
CSND Non Nc
CSND Non Nc
CSND Non Nc
CSND Non Nc
CSND Sn Tr
CSND Sn Tr
CSND Sn Tr
CSND Sn Tr
OCB Bc M An
OCB Bc M An
OCB Bc M An
OCB Bc M An
CSND An n
CSND Nng 2
CSND Nng 2
CSND Nng 2
CSND Nng 2
CSND Ha Lin
CSND Ha Minh
CSND Ha Minh
CSND Ha Ninh
CSND Lin Chiu
CSND Phc Tng
CSND Ph Lc
CSND Ph Lc
CSND Xun Thiu

+ Lp t thit b ti cc CSND u ni im-im cho cc NodeB nh sau:

Bng 5.12 Lp t thit b truyn dn ti cc CSND
Tn trm

TB ADM-1

Dung lng lp
t E1

CSND ng Ty

CSND Trng N Vng

16

VTN 3 (04 ng ch Khim)

16

98

TB ADM-1

Dung lng lp
t E1

CSND Cm L

CSND Duy Tn

16

CSND Ha Cng

16

CSND Ha Xun

CSND Khu Trung

16

CSND Mn Thi

CSND Non Nc

32

CSND Sn Tr

32

OCB Bc M An

32

CSND An n

CSND Nng 2

32

CSND Ha Lin

CSND Ha Minh

16

CSND Ha Ninh

CSND Lin Chiu

CSND Phc Tng

CSND Ph Lc

16

CSND Xun Thiu

1
40

8
320

Tn trm

- Lp t b sung cc tuyn viba:

Bng 5.13 Lp t thit b Viba
STT

im u

Hai-Vn_DNG

Phan-Boi
-Chau_DNG

Cho-Tam-Giac_DNG

Ham-Nghi_DNG

Ba-Na_DNG
Tng cng

im cui

VTN 3
(o Hi Vn)
VTN 3
(04 ch Khim)
VTN 3
(04 ch Khim)
MSC Vinaphone 3 (04
Ng.Vn Linh)
Host Ha Khnh

Thit
b
Viba

Dung lng
lp t E1
ti mi trm

16

16

16

16

16

10

80

C th cu hnh truyn dn quang v viba trang b mi phc v cho mng 3G

xem ph lc 7_Cu hnh mng truyn dn quang v viba mi phc v cho truy nhp
3G km theo

99

5.3 KT LUN CHNG

Nh trnh trnh vy cc chng trrc, vic thit k quy hoch mng l rt
phc tp v ph thc nhiu vo thc t ti tng khu vc. i vi mng Vinaphone
Cng vy, vic trin kahi thc t mng v tuyn 3G khng th p dng theo
mt l trnh cng nhc no, iu ty thuc vo hon cnh c th, vo iu kin
pht trin ca th trng v th phn ca nh khai thc . Trong chng ny
trnh cng tc quy hoch thit k ban u trin khai mng v tuyn UMTS 3G
Vinaphone ti khu vc Tp Nng giai on 2009-2013. Qua d bo s lng thu
bao 3G mng Vinaphone ti Tp Nng, tin hnh kho st nhu cu ti cc khu
vc Qun/huyn t a ra cc kt qu yu cu ph sng v nh c dung lng
mng. Sau khi nh c mng, quy hoch vng ph s i n quy hoch chi tit, tnh
ton s lng cc node, chn v tr t trm v tin hnh kho st s b cc v tr
ng thi a phng n truyn dn cho cc node. Vic kho st lp t mi ch
thc hin cho pha 1 (2009-2010) kp thi trin khai mng 3G (d kin u qu
IV- Vinaphone s ra mt dch v 3G), cn pha 2 (2011-2013) s l cc thng tin s
liu d kin v ph thuc vo kt qu thc hin v kinh doanh ca pha 1.

KT LUN V HNG PHT TRIN CA TI

100

Sau hn 6 thng thc hin, ti GII PHP QUY HOCH MNG V

TUYN UMTS 3G V P DNG TRIN KHAI CHO MNG VINAPHONE
KHU VC TP NNG" hon thnh .
D ti vi mc ch nghin cu tm hiu v a ra gii php quy hoch thit
k chi tit h thng v tuyn UMTS-3G l v cng cp thit i vi vic kinh doanh
v pht trin ca mng Vinaphone trong thi gian n. V cng tc quy hoch thit
k chi tit s gip Vinaphone ti u v ti nguyn x l h thng, cht lng mng
v chi ph u t mng 3G.
D ti co l thuyt tng quan truy nhp v tuyn WCDMA v cc c im
lin quan, l thuyt quy hoch h thng truy nhp WCDMA v cc k thut thit k
vng ph sng, thit k lu lng v ng dng c th m hnh quy hoch vo mng
Vinaphone khu vc Tp Nng.
Kt qu t c ca ti nh sau:
- Xy dng m hnh tnh ton quy hoch mng v tuyn UMTS 3G v phn
mm quy hoch nhm h tr vic tnh ton quy hoch.
- Thit k quy hoch chi tit cho vic trin khai mng v tuyn UMTS 3G
cho mng Vianphone ti khu vc Tp Nng giai on 2009-2010 v d kin k
hoch trin khai trong giai on 2011-2013. T a ra cc bng biu s liu,
phng n trin khai, truyn dn cho mng truy nhp...
Tuy nhin do y mi ch l bc thit k quy hoch chi tit cho vic trin
khai ban u hnh thnh mng nn vic thc hin ti u ha mng bng cch s
dng cc thng s phn tch hiu nng trong qu trnh s dng. Do vic thu thp
s liu o kim v phn tch cc thng s hot ng ca mng trong thi gian mng
i vo hot ng cng vi vic xy dng chng trnh m phng ti u trong cng
tc quy hoch s l hng i tip theo ca ti.
mng li ng dng rng ri, ti xy dng c bn m hnh tnh ton
thit k quy hoch mng cho h thng v tuyn UMTS 3G, do vy ngoi phm vi
p dng cho mng Vinaphone khu vc Tp Nng, ti hon ton c th vn
dng trin khai cho cc mng v khu vc khc.

101

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] Jonathan P.Castro, "The UMTS Network anh Radio Access Technology",

John Wiley & Sons, 2001.

[2] Juha Korhonen, Introduction to 3G Mobile Communication, Artech

House, 2003.

102

[3] Harri Holma & Antti Toskala, WCDMA for UMTS, John Wiley &

Sons, 2004.
[4] Jaana Laiho & Achim Wacker & Tomas Novosad, Radio Network

Planning and Optiomisation for UMTS, John Wiley & Sons, 2006.
[5] http://www.umtsworld.com
[6] http://www.ieee.org
[7] http://www.danang.gov.vn
[8] Cu trc mng truyn dn ca VNPT Nng
[9] Cu trc mng Vinaphone
[10] Ti liu tham kho ca cc nh cung cp thit bi: Motorola, Huawei,

Nokiia Siemens Network, Ericsson...

PH LC