1 (O NET) ......... .. ...............................

2-37
2 (PAT 2)........... . ............................................... 38-108
3 (PAT 2)........... . ............................................... 109-160


1.
1. Monosaccharide (CnH2nOn)
2. Disaccharide : Monosaccharide 2
Monosaccharide 2 C12H22O11
( CuSO4, Na2CO3
Cu2+/OH- )
O
R C H + 2Cu2+ + 5OH

O
R C O- + 2Cu2O + 3H2O

3. Polysaccaride : Monosaccharide

(2) ___________________________________ 2012

2.
C
N ( NH2)
H R1 O
H R2 O
H R3 O
... H N C C OH H N C C OH H N C C OH ... ()
H
H
H

nH2O
H R1 O H R 2 O H R 3 O
... N C C N C C N C C
H
H
H

... ()

2
3
100

pH
(Denature)
2
( CuSO4 NaOH) /

3.
:
(, ) Wax
:
O
C
R OH
( CnH2n+1COOH)

( CnHmCOOH, m < 2n + 1)

2012 ____________________________________

(3)

1.

(Antioxidiant) E C BHT
2. Saponification :
H 2C OOCR
HC OOCR
H 2C OOCR
()

3NaOH

()

H 2C OH
HC OH
H 2C OH
()

+ 3RCOO-Na +

()

R CO-2 Na +

R SO-3 Na +

()

()

R
3. : (Magarine)

+ H2/
4. : I2

(4) ___________________________________ 2012


1.

X
Y
Z

HCl NaOH

NaOH CuSO4
HCl

X, Y Z
1)
2)
3)
4)
2. 92.1 g NaOH 12.0 g
1) 461
2) 702
3) 307
4) 921
3.
1) Ca2+ Mg2+
2)
3) Ca2+ Mg2+
4) Ca2+ Mg2+
4. ,

+
+

1)
2)
3)
4)

2012 ____________________________________

(5)

5. ()

1
*
18

5
10
6
25
8

5
80
7
4
35
46
2
20
50
15
50
6
2
6
1

(* (50 ))

1)
2) E
3)
4)
6.
O
O
O
O
1) NH 2 C NH C NH C NH C NH 2
O
O
2) NH 2 CH 2 C NH CH C NH CHCH 3
CH 3
CH 3
O
O
3) NH 2 CH C NH CH 2 C NH 2
CH 3
O
O
O
O
4) NH 2 CH C NH CH 2 C NH CH C NH CH 2 COH
CH 3
CH 3

(6) ___________________________________ 2012


(Fossil Fuel)

3
1.
2.
3.

1. (Coal)

()

()

2012 ____________________________________

(7)

2. (Oil Shale)


2
1.
2.

3. (Petroleum)

y (Natural Gas)
1-5
- NGV (Natural Gas Vehicle) ,
- LPG (Liquid Petroleum Gas) ,
y

1. (Geology)
2.
3. (Geophysics)
(Seismic Wave)
4.

(8) ___________________________________ 2012

<

30C

(LPG)
C1-C4

30-110C

C5-C7

65-170C

C6-C12

170-250C

C10-C19

250-340C

C14-C19

320-385C
>

350C

>

500C
C > C35

C19-C35

1. (Cracking Process)
500C

C10H20

500C

C8H16 + C2H6

2. (Reforming Process)

CH 3

CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3

CH 3 CH CH CH 3

CH 3

2012 ____________________________________

(9)

3. (Alkylation Process)

CH 3
CH 3
CH 3 C CH 2 + CH 3 CH CH 3

CH 3
CH 3
CH 3 CH CH 2 C CH 3
CH 3
2, 2, 4--
()
4. (Oligomerization Process)


CH 3
CH 3
CH 3

CH3 CH CH2 + CH3 CH CH CH CH3

CH3 CH CH2 CH CH CH CH3

4--2-
4, 6--2-
H 2 SO 4

(Octane Number)

(iso-octane)

CH 3
CH 3
CH 3 C CH 2 CH CH 3
CH 3
2, 2, 4--
( 100)

CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3

y 100
y 0
95
95 5

(10) __________________________________ 2012


..
2539 (MTBE)
(ULG : Unlead Gasoline)

CH 3 CH 2

Pb

CH 2 CH 3

CH 3 CH 2
CH 2 CH 3

H 3C

Pb

CH 3

H 3C
CH 3

CH 3
CH 3 C O CH 3
CH 3
(MTBE)

(Cetane Number)
(Diesel)
(C16H34) 100 (C11H10) 0

y 100
y 0
CH 3
CH3 (CH2)14 CH3
( 100)

( 0)

(Diesohol)
99.5%
95%

2012 ___________________________________

(11)

 (Biodiesel)

Transesterification


O
CH 2 OH
CH 2 O C R
O
O
+ 3CH 3 OH
3R C O CH 3 + CH OH
CH O C R
O
CH 2 OH
CH 2 O C R

(Liquefied Petroleum Gas : LPG)

(Mercaptan) (CH3 SH)
(C2H5 SH)

( + )

(Hydrocarbon Compounds)
C H
CH4, C2H6, C2H4 O, N, S, F, Cl, Br, I

y Alcohol Acid C 4
y
y ( )
( CnH2n+2)

2 C6H14(g) + 19 O2(g)
12 CO2(g) + 14 H2O(g)

(12) __________________________________ 2012

 ( H
2n+2) CO2

Alkane (CnH2n+2)
Alkene (CnH2n)
Alkyne (CnH2n-2)
Aromatic

Br2

9
9
9
2

Br2 KMnO4 ()

2
2

9
9

9
9

2
2

2012 ___________________________________

(13)


7.
1)

2)

3)

4)

8. 95
1) MTBE
2) 91
3) 95 5
4)
9. 3

X
Y
Z

100
90
80

()
10
15
20

1) 83
2) 87
3) 91
4) 95
10.

1)
2)
3)
4)

(14) __________________________________ 2012

 (Polymer)
(Monomer)

1.
y
y
2.
y :


PVC, PS, PE, PP
y :




y :

3.
y (Condensation Polymerization Reaction) :
1

6, 6

2012 ___________________________________

(15)

nH 2 N (CH 2 ) 6 NH 2

O
O

NH (CH 2 ) 6 NH C (CH 2 ) 4 C + 2nH 2O

n
6, 6

O
O
nHO C (CH 2 ) 4 C OH

O
O

NH CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 NH C CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 C + 2nH 2O
n
6C
6C

(Addition Polymerization Reaction) :

y

H 2C

CHCl

H Cl

C C

H H n

4.
y (Homopolymer) :
()
y (Copolymer) : 6, 6
()

(16) __________________________________ 2012

5.
y : 2

- (Thermoplastic)




- (Thermosetting Plastic)



y :

- (Natural Fiber)




- (Semi-Synthetic Fiber)


- (Synthetic Fiber)


()
y :
-


(Isoprene) 1500 15000
CH 2
CH 2
C C
H 3C
H n
(-)
2012 ___________________________________

(17)

 C5H8
H 2C
CH 2
C C
H 3C
H

H 3C
C
CH 2

CH 2
H n
(-)
C

CH 3

CH 2 CH C CH 2

CH 2 CH C CH
CH 3

+ S8

CH 3
CH 2 CH C CH
S + (8 - x)H 2 S

CH 2 CH C CH
CH 3
n

- x = S
-

-
( CH2 CH CH CH2 )n
nCH2 CH CH2
Butadiene

( CH2 CH CH CH2 )n
Polybutadiene

(18) __________________________________ 2012

CH 2 C CH CH 2

Cl
n

-
- -


nCH2 CH CH CH2 + n CH CH2

( CH2 CH CH CH2 CH CH2 )n

11.

1)
2)
3)
4)

12. A A
B B
2) H 2C CH CH CH 3
1) H3C CH CH CH3
CH 3
3) H2C CH CH CH2
4) H 2C CH C CH 2
Cl

2012 ___________________________________

(19)

13.

.
.

H 2C CH C CH 2
Cl
CH CH 2
Cl

RCH(NH2)COOH
CH2 CHCH3

1) ., . .
2) ., . .
3) ., . .
4) ., . .
14.
.
.
.
.

1) . .
2) . .
3) ., . .
4) ., . .
15.
.
.
.

.

1) . .
2) ., . .
3) ., . .
4) ., ., . .

(20) __________________________________ 2012

R1(s) + R2(l)
P1(g) + P2(aq)

R
P
(s)
(l)
(g)
(aq)

=
=
=
=

solid
liquid
gas
aqueous

X C
X mm(Hg)
UV
)))
X (cat)

X C
X
UV

2
1. (Endothermic Reaction)
- : A + B + C + D
-
2. (Exothermic Reacton)
- : A + B C + D +
-

( Collision Theory )

(Activation Energy)
(Effective Collision)

2012 ___________________________________

(21)

1.

2.
2.1
2.2 P = c(RT)
2.3
2.4
3.
3.1
3.2
3.3

aA + bB
cC + dD

1 [B] = 1 [C] = 1 [D]

=
= - 1a [A]
t
b t
c t
d t

(22) __________________________________ 2012


16-18
2H2O2(aq) + B(s)

1
2
3

2H2O(l) + O2(g) + B(s)

/ mol dm-3
H2O2
B
2 10-3
1 10-3
4 10-3
1 10-3
2 10-3
0

O2
mol dm-3 s-1
0.24 10-3
0.48 10-3
1.00 10-6

16.
1) H2O2
2) H2O2 B
3) O2
4)
17. H2O2 1
1) 0.12 10-3 mol dm-3 s-1
2) 0.48 10-3 mol dm-3 s-1
3) 0.24 10-3 mol dm-3 s-1
4) 0.96 10-3 mol dm-3 s-1
18. B
1) O2 B
2) B
3) B
4) B H2O2

2012 ___________________________________

(23)

19.

NH2C(O)NH2(aq) + H2O(l)

.
.
.
.

1) . .
3) . .

2NH3(g) + 2CO2(g)

2) . .
4) . .

(24) __________________________________ 2012

Dalton

Rutherford

Bohr

(Niel Bohr)

n
X
Z

X =
Z =
A =
n =

(Atomic Number) (p)

(Mass Number) (p) + (n)
(Charge) (p) - (e)

2012 ___________________________________

(25)

1
2e-
s 1 2e p 3 6e d 5 10e f 7 14e
1.
1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6,
2.
[Ne] 3s2, 3p6,
3.

1s
2s
2p
4.
2, 8, 18, 18, ...


( n )

(26) __________________________________ 2012


1.
2. (Valence) 8
3. 2, 8, 18 32

Li
3

B
5

Mg
12

K
19

As
33
()
Sn
50

Cs
55

Rn
86

(Isotope) ()
()

12 C
6
13 C
6
14 C
6

n
(= - p)

e-

(Isotone) (
)

e-

18 O
8
19 F
9
2012 ___________________________________

(27)

 (Isobar) ()

e-

30 P
15
30 Si
14

(Isoelectronic)

e-

14 N
7
16 O +
8

1A-8A

(28) __________________________________ 2012


20. 235
92 U
1) 92
3) 143
21.
1) xa A , ay A

2) 235
4) 143
2) xa A , bx A
4) xa A , ay B

3) xa A , by B
22.
22 A 231) 10
2) 20
11 B
243) 35
4) 29
15 C
12 D
23.
28A 17B 53C 39D 56E

1)
2)
3)
4)

E, A
A
E
E, A

B
B, C
B, C
B, C

C, D
D, E
A, D
D

2012 ___________________________________

(29)

He

Li

Be

Ne

Na Mg

Al

Si

Cl

Ar

11

12

Ca

Sc

Ti
22

23

Cr

Mn

Fe

Co

Ni

Cu

Rb

Sr

Zr

Nb Mo
41

42

Tc

Ru

Rh

Pd

Hf

Ta

Re

Os

Ir

Pt

19

20

21

37

38

39

Cs

Ba

Lu

Fr

Ra

55
87

56
88

71

Lr

40
72

73

74

43
75

44
76

45
77

46
78

Zn

Ga

Ge

As

Se

Br

Kr

Ag

Cd

In

Sn

Sb

Te
52

53

Xe

Au

Hg

Tl

Pb

Bi

Po

At

Rn

29
47
79

30
48
80

31
49
81

32
50
82

33
51
83

34

84

109

110

111

Rg

Uub Uut
112

113

Uuq Uup Uuh

114

115

116

La

Ce

Pr

Nd

Pm Sm
61

62

Eu

Gd

Tb

Dy

Ho

Er

Tm

Yb

Ac

Th

Pa

Np

Pu

Am Cm

Bk

Cf

Es

Fm

Md

91

92

93

94

63
95

Ds

16

108

90

Mt

28

15

107

89

Hs

27

64
96

65
97

66
98

67
99

68

100

69

101

17

10

14

106
60

Bh

26

13

105
59

Sg

25

104
58

Db

24

103
57

Rf

35

85

18
36
54
86

Uuo
118

70

No

102

1. :
()
2. :

= Fr
= He

(30) __________________________________ 2012

y
-
-
y
( 3A-7A)
-
-
y

y ( + )
y
y
y m.p. + b.p. ( )

Li
y
y
y
y

Li+

F-

( + )


m.p. + b.p. ()

2012 ___________________________________

(31)

F2

( + )
1
y
Bond
y
y
y
y

m.p. + b.p. ( )
C (Graphite, Diamond), SiO2 (, )

100.0
T t1/2 =

50.0
25.0
12.5
T 2T 3T 4T 5T 6T 7T

()

(32) __________________________________ 2012

Uuo-294
Ag-110
Fr-223
At-210
Cu-64
Hg-197

s =

1.29 10-3 s
24 s
22 m
8.3 h
12.8 h
65 h

m =

h =

I-131
Ag-111
Zn-65
C-14
U-238
Th-232

d =

3
7.5
245
5700
4.5 109
1.4 1010

d
d
d
y
y
y

y =

C-14 5700

()
()

0
8.00

C-14 8 5 ______ ______

1.
1.1
- 1
- NH +4
- NO-3
- ClO-3
- ClO-4
- CH3COO- 7 Ag+, Pb2+, Hg2+
1.2
- OH-, O2-, S2- 1, 2 (Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra)
- OH-, 2-, 3- CuSO4, CdSO4
- 2 CO 23- , SO24- , PO 34- MgSO4

2012 ___________________________________

(33)

1.3 -
-
-
Be, 3,
-
CCl4, NCl3
-
-

BeO, Al2O3
-
SiO2
-
-

-
2.
2.1
CxHy + (x + y4 ) O2
xCO2 + y4 H2O
MgO + CO2
2.2 MgCO3
CaCO3
CaO + CO2
+
2.3 + (H )
H2(g)
2
2.4 CO 3 HCO 3 + (H+)
CO2(g)
2.5 +
+
3.

Na -
Ba -
Cu -
Sr -
Ca -
K -

()
Cu2+
Cu+
Fe3+
Fe2+
Cr2+
Cr3+
Cr6+
Mn2+
Mn3+
Mn6+
Mn7+

F2 - ()
Cl2 - ()
Br2 -
I2 -

H2 -
Ne -
Hg -

(34) __________________________________ 2012


24. X 8 X
1) 17A
2) 56B
3) 13C
4) 20D
25.
.
.
.
.
1) . .
2) . .
3) ., . .
4) ., ., . .
26. A ACl2
A(OH)2
A
1) 3 IIA
2) 3 IIIA
3) 4 IB
4) 4 IIIB
27. X Y

XO2
Y2O

0C
1000C

X Y
1) C Cl
2) C Na
3) S Cl
4) S Be
28. 20.0 28 1.25

1) 28
2) 20
3) 12
4) 7

2012 ___________________________________

(35)

y
y

.. 2541 ()
.. 2545 (Dr.rer.nat.), Eberhard Karls Universitt Tbingen,

y
y

y
y

10/2548-
01/2552-12/2553 Marie Curie International Incoming Research Fellowship,
Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS),
Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz,

04/2545-07/2548 Postdoc (Postdoctoral researcher) Prof. Jonathan S.

Lindsey, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University,
Raleigh, North Carolina,
04/2542-02/2545 ( German Academic Exchange Service
DAAD) Institute of Organic Chemistry, Eberhard-Karls-Universitt
Tbingen, Tbingen,
05/2540-07/2541 ,
03/2540-05/2540 , ( ()
)

(36) __________________________________ 2012


y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y

Chemistry for Engineering, International School of Engineering,

,
,
I,
4:


Brand Summer Camp 2550

y
y
y
y
y

.. 2540

(.)
.. 2541

.. 2542-.. 2545 German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD)
.. 2552-.. 2553 Marie Curie International Incoming Fellowship

.. 2552
(Young Chemist Award) 42nd
IUPAC Congress Young Observer 45th
IUPAC General Assembly Glasgow

2012 ___________________________________

(37)

NaCl Na+ Cl- Na+ Cl- 6 Cl Na+ 6 Na+ Cl- 1 : 1
CaF2 Ca2+ F- 8 F-
Ca2+ 4 Ca2+ F- 1 : 2
IA
IIA
IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA
+
H
N3- O2- FLi+
HNa+
K+

Mg2+
Ca2+

Rb+

Sr2+

Cs+

Ba2+

1 Cr2+ Cr3+ Mn2+ Mn3+

Fe2+ Fe3+ Co2+ Co3+ Cu+ Cu2+

Al3+
Ga3+

P3- S2As3- Se2-

Sn2+ Sb3- Te2Sn4+

2+
3+
Tl3+ Pb
Pb4+ Bi

In3+

(38) __________________________________ 2012

ClBrl-

(-)
Na + (g) + Cl(g) + e-

3 H 3 = + 496 kJ

4 H 4 = -349 kJ
Na + (g) + Cl- (g)

Na(g) + Cl(g)
Na(g) + 12 Cl 2 (g) 2 H 2 = +122 kJ
Na(s) + 12 Cl 2 (g) 1 H1 = +107 kJ

H f [NaCl(s)] =

5 H 5 = -787 kJ

- 411 kJ
NaCl(s)

1
1

CaBr2
CaBr2(s)
Ca(s) + Br2(l)

2Br(g)
. Br2(l)
2+
CaBr2(s)
. Ca (g) + 2Br (g)
Ca(g) + Br2(g)
. Ca(g) + Br2(g)
Ca2+(g) + 2Br(g) + 2e. Ca(g) + 2Br(g)
1) . .
2) . .
* 3) . .
4) .
CaO(s)
2 Ca(s) + 12 O2(g)

1)
2) Ca
* 3)
4)

2012 ___________________________________

(39)


Na(s) + 12 X2(g)
NaX(s)
X = 17Cl 35Br 53I

NaCl < NaBr < NaI
X 53I
NaX Na+(g) X-(g)
1
Na+(g) + X-(g)
NaX(s) +

1)
2)
* 3)
4)

4
* 1)
2)
3)
4)
5 X XO2
1s2 2s2 2p5
1) X
2) X 2
* 3) X 88
4) X

6 NaNO3(s)
1) NaNO3(s)
Na+(g) + NO-3 (g)
Na+(aq)
2) Na+(g)
3) NO-3 (g)
NO-3 (aq)

* 4) NaNO3(g)

Na+(g) + NO-3 (g)

(40) __________________________________ 2012

1)
2)
3)
*4)

I
NaCl AgNO3
Ca(OH)2 Pb(NO3)2
BaCl2 Na2SO4
AgNO3 KBr

II
Kl Na2CO3
Li2SO4 MgCl2
NH4CN Na2HPO4
Mg HCl

8 A, B C
AgNO3, Na2SO4, Na2CO3 Na2HPO4
Cl2 CCl4 Br2 CCl4

A
B
C

Na2SO4
AgNO3

Na2CO3 Na2HPO4 Cl2 CCl4

Br2 CCl4

A, B C
1)
2)
3)
*4)

A
MgBr2
NH4Cl
MgCl2
MgI2

B
CaO
BaCl2
Sr(NO3)2
CaBr2

C
SrCl2
Ca(NO3)2
(NH4)2S
Ba(NO3)2

2
8

2012 ___________________________________

(41)

436 kJ/mol

(kJ/mol)

74 pm*

H
H

(pm)

9
ClF3
2) PF3 + F2
PF5
1) ClF + F2
SF4
* 4) SiF4 + F2
SiF6
3) SF2 + F2
10
( Ca = 20, N = 7, H = 1, O = 8, C = 6, Ba = 56, S = 16)
Ca2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) + 2H+(aq)
* 1) Ca(s) + 2H2O(l)
NH +4 (aq) + OH-(aq)
2) NH3(g) + H2O(l)
3) C3H8(g) + 5O2(g) 3CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)
4) Ba(NO3)2(aq) + H2SO4(aq)
BaSO4(s) + 2H+(aq) + 2NO-3 (aq)
11 X VA Y VIIA X2(g)
Y2(g) 960 240 kJ/mol X2(g) Y2(g)
XY3 X2Y4 () () ()
XY3(g)
() X2(g) + Y2(g)
X2Y4(g)
() X2(g) + Y2(g)
() () 1 mol 600 1540 kJ
X - X X - Y kJ/mol
X - X (kJ/mol) X - Y (kJ/mol)
1)
320
665
2)
340
600
*3)
1060
480
4)
1460
380
(42) __________________________________ 2012

AB2

Linear

HgCl2, BeCl2(g),
CO2, HCN

AB3

Trigonal
planar

BF3, BCl3,
BH3, SO3

AB2

Bent

SnCl2, SO2,
NO-2

AB4

Tetrahedral

CH4, SiCl4,
POCl3

AB3

Trigonal
pyramidal

NH3, PF3

AB2

Bent

H2O, ICl 2+ , OF2,

BrO2, SCl2

AB5

Trigonal
bipyramidal

PF5, PCl5,
SbF5, IO 3 F2-

AB4

Distorted
tetrahedral

SF4, IF4+

AB3

T-shape

AB2

Linear

CIF3, BrF3
I -3 , ICl -2 , XeF2

2012 ___________________________________

(43)

AB6

Octahedral

SF6, PF6-

AB5

Square
pyramidal

IF5, BrF5, XeOF4

AB4

Square
planar

XeF4, BrF4-

12
H
H
a
H N O
H bC C cC OH
H H
a, b c ()

1)
*2)
3)
4)

a
106
106
120
120

b
109
109
90
90

c
90
120
90
120

180
120
109.5
109.5

13
O
c
H C C C O H
a

1) a

2) b
3) c

H
O H
d

* 4) d

(44) __________________________________ 2012

 14
( Be = 4, F = 9, C = 6, O = 8, H = 1, S = 16, Cl = 17, Xe = 54)
1) BeF2, CO2
* 2) H2F+, BeCl2
3) BeH2, O3
4) SO2, XeF2
15
2) SCN* 3) XeO2
1) I -3

4) XeF2

16
2) BF3 NH3 PCl3
1) CCl4 NH +4 XeF4
* 4) H2O SO2 O3
3) BrF5 PCl5 IF5
17
( Be = 4, Br = 35, H = 1, O = 8, C = 6, Cl = 17, S = 16, N = 7)
* 2) CCl4 SO 241) BeBr2 H2O

3) NH +4 CH3Cl

4) CO2 H2S

18
2) SO3
3) NO-3
* 1) NF3

4) B(C6F5)3

19 A, D, E, G, J, X, Y Z 2-5

2 A
3
4
5

D
E

1) E, G J
2) X Y Y Z
3) AY DZ
* 4) X Z Y Z
5 7
1
6 7
2

2012 ___________________________________

(45)

 20
* 1) NH3 H2O
2) CO CO2
3) C2H2 C2H4
4) CCl4 CBr4

N
O
C O
H C C H
H H H

O C O

H C C H
H H

1. (Non-polar covalent bond)

2. (Polar covalent bond)

- + ( )
+ -

H - Cl

(Covalent molecule)
1. (Non-polar molecule)
N2, BeCl2, SiH4, PCl5, SF6
2. (Polar molecule)
H2O, PCl3

Boiling point (C)

120 H 2O
100
80
60
40
20
H 2 Te
0
-20
H 2Se
-40
-60
H 2S
20 40 60 80100 120

Molecular weight

Boiling point (C)

20 HF
0
SbH 3
-20 NH 3
HI
-40
AsH 3
SnH 4
-60
HCl HBr
-80
-100 PH 3
GeH 4
SiH 4
-120
-140
-160 CH 4
20 40 60 80100 120

Molecular weight

IV A VII A
(46) __________________________________ 2012

 21
1) CHCl3 H2O CS2
3) PCl5 SO2 BeCl2

* 2) CCl4 CO2 BF3

4) NH3 HCl CO2

22 77C
1)
2)
3)
* 4)
23
(b) BcFd
(c) CeFf
(d) DgFh
(a) AaFb
A = 1, B = 7, C = 8, D = 15, F = 9 a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h

* 1) (a) > (d) > (b) > (c)
2) (a) > (d) > (c) > (b)
4) (d) > (c) > (b) > (a)
3) (d) > (b) > (a) > (c)
H2O HF NH3

24

1)
2)
3)
*4)

SiCl4
KBr
SF6
MgO

XeF4
Cl2O
PCl5
BF3

NH +4
PH3
SO2
O3

HF
H2S
H2O
NH3

25
.
.
.
.
. ZnS
. (SiO2)

* 1) ., . .
2) ., . .
3) ., . .
4) ., . .

2012 ___________________________________

(47)

 26-29

3


F
F Xe F
Xe
F

1 1

Cl

O
S
Cl

Cl

S O 1
3

3)

26

1) O

* 2)

H
N+ H
H
H

4)

Cl
2)
* 1) Cl Be Cl
B
Cl Cl
Cl
Cl
4) Cl P Cl
3)
C Cl
Cl Cl
Cl Cl

27

(48) __________________________________ 2012

 28
1) 1

XeF4 2
2) 2
* 3) 4
4) 8

F
F
S
S
F
F
F
F

S
S F
F
2) F
* 1)
F F F
F F
F
F
F
S
F
F
4)
3)
F F F S F
F

29

1.
2.

3.

4.

30
.
.
.
.
.

1)
2)
3)
*4)

. .
. .
., . .
., . .

2012 ___________________________________

(49)

 31
* 1)

2)
3)
4)

32 (CH4)

1)
H

)
H
H
H
H
2)
C
C
H

* 3)

C
H

H
H

4) H

(50) __________________________________ 2012


C-12 12
6.02 1023
1
= 22.4 dm3 STP
3 ) STP

()
= (dm
=
=
22.4
6.02 1023

- Y 3 4 -12
- X 2 14X 15X
- 14X = 14.00 = 99.6
15X = 15.00
XY 6.02 1023
1 C-12 1
1 = 12
1 C-12 1
Y 3 = 3 Y 12
1 = 4
3 Y 12
Y = 16
+ 15(0.4)
X = 14(99.6)100
+6
= 1394.4
= 14.004
100
XY = 14 + 16 = 30

23
30 gXY
gXY = 6.02 2 10 XY
6.02 1023 XY
= 15 g

2 B-10 1
* 1) 1.66 10-23
2) 6.02 10-23
3) 1.66 10-24

4) 6.02 10-24

2012 ___________________________________

(51)

 6.02 1020 STP

(N = 14, O = 16)
* 1) 0.046 0.022
2) 0.092 0.045
3) 0.460 0.224
4) 0.920 0.448

Mg3(PO4)2 P a
(Mg = 24, P = 31, O = 16)
* 1) 2.18 10-22 a
2) 4.36 10-22 a
3) 131 a
4) 293 a
Mg3(PO4)2 = 262

P 2 Mg3(PO4)2 1
P 2 6.02 1023 Mg3(PO4)2 262
262 a
P a Mg3(PO4)2

2 6.02 1023
4

1. 100 (pph), (ppm), (ppb)
A () 100
A
=
()
A ()
A
=
100
()
A ()
/ A =
100
()
2. , ,
(mol)
= (m)
=
(kg)
(mol)
= (M)
=
(dm 3 L)
A (mol)
A
=
(mol)
A = A 100

(52) __________________________________ 2012


1.

MV
mol = 1000
= mol
2.

M1V1 = M2V2
5
1) 50
* 2) 100
3) 3
4) (Volumetric pipette) 25
6 Graduated pipette ( 0.1 )
10 5
1) 5
* 2) 10 5
3) 5
4) 5
7 (HNO3) 0.12 50
63% 1.20 /
(H = 1, N = 14, O = 16)
* 1) 0.5
2) 5
3) 10
4) 12
8 100 10 /
TiSO4
(O = 16, S = 32, Ti = 48)
1) 3 10-1
2) 3 10-2
* 3) 3 10-3
4) 3 10-4
9 H2SO4 0.9 250 H2SO4
98 H2SO4 1.80 /
(H = 1, O = 16, S = 32)
1) 6.3
* 2) 12.5
3) 18.0
4) 25.0
2012 ___________________________________

(53)

 10 NaBr a b g/cm3
50.0 cm3 250.0 cm3 (Na = 23, Br = 80)
ab M
ab m
b M
b m
1) a103
2) a103
* 3) 2 103
4) 2 103

M1V1 = M2V2
10 ba 50 = M 250
2
103
2
a b mol/dm3
M2 = 103

11 HCl 0.40 500 HCl

0.10 500 HCl 0.20 500

1) HCl 0.40 200 HCl
0.10 300
2) HCl 0.40 300 HCl
0.10 200
* 3) HCl 0.40 200 HCl
0.10 200 100
4) HCl 0.40 200 HCl
0.10 100 200

MV = M1V1 + M2V2
0.2 500 = (0.4 200) + (0.1 200)

12
1)
2)
* 3)
4)

(54) __________________________________ 2012

1.
2.

3. (mol/kg)

4. (mol/kg)

Tb
Tf

=
=
m =
Kb =
Kf =
W1 =
W2 =
Mw =

Tb

Kbm

Tf

Kfm

W1 1000
Kb Mw
W2
W1 1000
Kf Mw
W2

()
()

2012 ___________________________________

(55)

 13 A 1.5 B 100 cm3

5.021C B
= 0.9
g/cm3
= 5.533 C
Kf
= 5.12 C/m
A
= 300
B
= 250
* 1) 1.00
2) 1.25
3) 2.00
4) 2.50
B x

1.5 = 0.005
mol A = 300
x
mol B = 250
W1 1000
Tf = Kf Mw
W
2

x 1000
5.533 - 5.021 = 5.12 0.005 + 250
100 0.9

B = 1

14 4 0.001 1 kg

3) C6H12O6
4) CH3COOH
1) NaCl
* 2) CaCl2
15

A
B
X A
Y B

(mol/kg)
0.5
1.5

(C)
80.0
75.5
81.5
78.5

X B 2 mol/kg Y A 1 mol/kg
(3.5C)
16 80.6C (XmYn) 0.51
10.2 78.9C XmYn
( Kf = 6.80C kg/mol X = 100, Y = 50)
1) XY
* 2) XY2
3) X2Y
4) XY3

(56) __________________________________ 2012

W1 1000
= Kf Mw
W2
1000
80.6 - 78.9 = 6.8 0.51
Mw 10.2
Tf

A 100
A =

17 Na2XH20O14 1.5
X 15.2 X (Na = 23, H = 1, O = 16)
1) 45.0
* 2) 52.0
3) 59.1
4) 62.6
X 100

X =

100
15.2 = 2(23) + X + 20(1)
+ 14(16)

X = 51.98

18 hexachlorophene Cl 6
Cl a hexachlorophene (Cl = 35.5)
23 6 100
2) 35.5 6.02 10
* 1) 35.5 a6 100
a
6a
1023 6 a
4) 35.5 6.02 100
3) 35.5100

PbI2(s) + 2KNO3(aq)
2KI(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq)

CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq)

2012 ___________________________________

(57)

 O2 NO

O2 NO O2 : NO = 1 : 2
-

19 O2 20 300 SO2
4
( = 0.082 atm L mol-1 K-1)
1) 0.154
2) 0.769
3) 76.875
* 4) 153.750

= 100

20
NH3(g) + O2(g)
NO(g) + H2O(g) ()
NH3 a O2 a NO
(N = 14, H = 1, O = 16)
* 1) 0.75 a
2) a
3) 1.25 a
4) 1.76 a

4NH3(g) + 5O2(g)
4NO(g) + 6H2O(g)
O2
mol NO = 4
mol O2
5
mol NO = 54 mol O2
NO = 54 mol O2 30
(58) __________________________________ 2012

 21 Ag2CO3 (Ag = 108)

Ag2CO3(s)
Ag(s) + CO2(g) + O2(g) ... ()
Ag2CO3 3.36 dm3 STP
1) 16.2
* 2) 21.6
3) 32.4
4) 41.1
2Ag2CO3(s)
4Ag(s) + 12CO
(g) + O32(g)

44242444
3 mol
mol Ag = 4
3
mol
mol Ag = 34 mol
Ag = 34 mol 108
22 1 O2
O2
(Na = 23, Mg = 24, K = 39, Ca = 40)
1) Na
* 2) Mg
3) K
4) Ca

Na2O, MgO, K2O CaO = 62, 40, 94, 56

23 1.0 (NH4)2C2O4
CaC2O4 2.56
1) 20
2) 40
3) 60
* 4) 80

CaC2O4 = 128
CaC2O4
128 g Ca
40 g
40 2.56 = 0.8 g
2.56 g Ca
CaC2O4
128
0.8
1.0 100 = 80
24 10 Ba(OH)2
Ba(OH)2(aq) + H2SO4(aq)
BaSO4(s) + 2H2O
BaSO4 BaS 3.38 Ba
(Ba = 137, S = 32, O = 16)
1) 2.7
2) 13.7
* 3) 27.4
4) 34.2

BaS = 137 + 32 = 169

137 3.38 = 2.74
BaS 3.38
Ba
169
2.74
Ba 10 100 = 27.4

2012 ___________________________________

(59)

 25 Zn(OH)2 HBr 0.550 mol/dm3 400 cm3

NaOH 0.500 mol/dm3
NaOH a cm3 Zn(OH)2
(Zn = 65, O = 16, H = 1)
* 2) 10.89 - 0.025 a 3) 21.78 - 0.050
4) 21.78 - 0.050 a
1) 10.89 - 0.025
a
a

Zn(OH)2 + 2HBr
ZnBr2 + 2H2O
HBr + NaOH
NaBr + H2O
a
2 ; mol HBr = mol NaOH = 0.51000
400 - 0.5a
1 ; mol HBr = 0.551000
1000

400 - 0.5a
mol Zn(OH)2 = 21 0.551000
1000

...(1)
...(2)

Zn(OH)2 = mol
26 MgCO3(s) MgO(s) CO2 (g) MgCO3(s)
MgO(s) 16.00 11.60
MgCO3(s) (Mg = 24, C = 12, O = 16)
1) 4.4
2) 5.9
3) 7.6
* 4) 8.4
27 0.620
HCl H3PO4
Mg2+ NH +4 MgNH4PO4 6H2O
Mg2P2O7 0.222
(Mg = 24, P = 31, O = 16)
1) 5
* 2) 10
3) 15
4) 20

Mg2P2O7 = 222

28 Zn2+ 0.4 Zn
13 HCl Zn HCl
(Zn = 65)
1) 0.4 500
2) 0.8 1000
* 3) 1.2 500
4)

(60) __________________________________ 2012

 29 AX2 A
()
AX2 + O2
AO3 + XO2
AO3 + H2
A + H2O
AX2 1600 g 560 g 120 g
A ( X = 32, A = 96) 480 g
30 2 N2 3
3 O2 5
1.2

1) NO2
2) NO3
3) N2O4
* 4) N2O5
31 (C9H8O4) (C7H6O3)
(C4H6O3)
2 C7H6O3 + C4H6O3
2 C9H8O4 + H2O
1.02
(H = 1, C = 12, O = 16)
1) 0.69 0.90
2) 1.38 1.80 * 3) 2.76 3.60
4) 2.76 7.20
(C4H6O3) = 102

(C7H6O3) = 138
(C9H8O4) = 180
= 1.02
102 = 0.01
= (2 0.01) 138 = 2.76 g
= (2 0.01) 180 = 3.60 g
32 A 18 X Y
X Ca(OH)2 80.0 Y
50.0 68.0 A
( Ca = 40, C = 12, H = 1, O = 16)
* 2) C4H10O2
3) C6H15O4
4) C8H20O2
1) C2H5O2

2012 ___________________________________

(61)

 33
D(g) + E(g)
P4 + Cl2(g)
2
E 4.17
D 8.25 -100C
6.00 P4 ( P = 31, Cl = 35.5)
* 1) 2.48
2) 4.96
3) 7.44
4) 9.92
34 H2SO4 NaCl
1.000 dm3 20.00 cm3
Na2CO3 4.000 10-2 M Na2CO3 25.00 cm3
NaCl ( Na = 23, Cl = 35.5, H = 1, S = 32, O = 16)
1) 2.925
* 2) 5.850
3) 8.775
4) 11.70
35
0.3375 KOH 1.400 mol/dm3
25.00 cm3
H2SO4 9.000 mol/dm3 10.00 cm3

KOH 20% (KAl(SO4)2 12H2O)

H = 1, O = 16, Al = 27, S = 32, K = 39

1) 2.580
2) 3.225
* 3) 4.740
4) 5.925

(62) __________________________________ 2012

 36-37

X+(aq) + Cl-(aq)

XCl(aq)

2X+(aq) + O2-(aq)

X2O(s)

Y2+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq)

YCl2(s)

Y2+(aq) + O2-(aq)

YO(s)

Z3+(aq) + 3Cl-(aq)

ZCl3(aq)

2Z3+(aq) + 3O2-(aq)

Z2O3(s)

36 Cl- X+, Y2+ / Z3+

O2-

1) X+
* 2) Y2+
3) Z3+
4) X+ Y2+
37
1) O2- 1 30 Z3+
20 Z3+ 1
2) Z3+
* 3) Y2+
4) 2) 3)

2012 ___________________________________

(63)

2A + 3B
4C

= - 12 [A]
t

= - 13 [B]
t

= 14 [C]

2A(aq)
B(aq)
A (t)
[A] = 4 - t
4
* 1) 0.125
2) 0.250
3) 0.375
4) 0.500

1) 1

A(aq)
2B(aq)
A (t)
[A] = 4 - t2
B 1
2) 2
* 3) 4
4) 8

(64) __________________________________ 2012

1)
* 2)
3)
4)

N2O4 N2O4(g)

(atm)
(s)
N2O4
NO2
0.0
0.050
0.000
20.0
0.033
A
40.0
B
0.050
60.0
0.020
C
A, B C
A
B
C
0.025
0.028
0.075
0.034
0.025
0.060
0.040
0.026
0.060
0.045
0.030
0.075

2NO2(g)

1.

Na2S2O3(aq) + 2HCl(aq)
2NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + SO2(g) + S(s)
2
+
S 2 O 3 (aq) + 2H (aq)
H2O(l) + SO2(g) + S(s)
=

2.

3.

T1

T2 > T1
E

T2

2012 ___________________________________

(65)

4.
(II)

H2O2
4
1)
* 2)
3)
4)

R(s)
P(s)
2 ( A B) R

A
(t)

* 1) A B
2) A B
3) B
4) R B

(66) __________________________________ 2012

 (E)

Ea1 =

Ea2 =

Ea1
Ea2

Ea

Ea > Ea+c

Ea+c

Ea =

Ea+c =

Ea

Ea

(E)

(E)

Ea

2012 ___________________________________

(67)

A+B
C+D

(E)

[A + B C + D]*
x
A+B

C+D

*1)
2)
3) x + y
4) y

I
II
X

C+D

A+B

1) I II
2)
*3) II

4) X A B

(68) __________________________________ 2012

 8-9

(E)

(t)

8
*1)
B
2)

3) 2 B + D
4) 2 A - C
9
1) A

2) C
3) A - (B + C)
* 4) A - (B + D)

10 Zn 1.3 HCl 0.5 40

H2 2.24 STP HCl
1) 2 10-4
2) 2 10-3
*3) 5 10-3
4) 5 10-2
11 A B
A + 2B
3C + 4D
A 1 B 2 1
10 C 3

1) A 10 0.1
* 2) B 10 2.0
3) C 10 0.3
4) C 1 B 0.67

2012 ___________________________________

(69)

 12 HCl 0.1 mol/dm3 100 cm3 x

4 3 HCl
x
. HCl 0.1 mol/dm3 100 cm3
. HCl 0.1 mol/dm3 50 cm3
. HCl 0.2 mol/dm3 50 cm3
., . .
0

*1)
2)
3)
4)

5
2
1

4
3

1, 5 2
2, 5 1
2, 1 3
1, 3 2

E; H = -700 kJ
13 A + B
3
1 A + B
2C; H = -500 kJ, Ea =
2
2C
D; H = X kJ, Ea =
3
D
E; H = Y kJ, Ea =
A B = 1,000 kJ
D = 700 kJ
X Y
1) 200 400
2) -200 -400 3) -200 400

1,000 kJ
500 kJ
600 kJ

* 4) 200 -400

14 A2(g) + 2B2(g)
2AB2(g) 1
B2 A2 2
1 B2

. A2
. B2 2
. A2
. B2

1) . .
* 2) . .
3) . .
4) . .

(70) __________________________________ 2012

 15 A B C 1
A + 2B
2C

()
A ()
B ()
C ( 1 )
0.10
0.10
0.04
0.10
0.20
0.04
0.20
0.20
0.08

B 1.00 1
A A
1) 0.50
2) 2.50
*3) 5.00
4) 10.00

16-17

1
2

()
0
2
4
0
2
4

[A]
(M)
10
8
6
20
16
12

[B]
(M)
10
7
4
20
14
8

[C]
(M)
0
2
4
0
4
8

[D]
(M)
0
4
8
0
8
16

16
1) A + B C + D
* 2) 2A + 3B 2C + 4D
3) 3A + 2B 2C + 4D
4) 3A + 2B 4C + 2D
17 [A]t=0 = [B]t=0 = 40 M [C]t=0 = [D]t=0 = 10 M
[C] = 34 M
1) 2
2) 4
* 3) 6
4) 10

2012 ___________________________________

(71)

-
,
HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, HClO4 H2SO4
LiOH, NaOH, KOH
Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2 Ba(OH)2
1
1)
* 2)
3)
4)

,
-
1. -

H 2O
H+ + ClHCl

H 2O
Na+ + OHNaOH
2. --

3. -

-
HA(aq) + B(aq)
1 2

HB + (aq) + A - (aq)
2 1

(72) __________________________________ 2012

C
C
> 103
> 103
Ka
Kb
[H3O+] =
[OH-] =
Ka C
Kb C
Ka
Kb
% =
% =
C 100
C 100
2
( C )
1
* 1)

2) Ka
C
4) pH pKa
3) 1 H+
C
3
1) HClO > HClO2 > HClO3 > HClO4
* 2) HlO4 > HlO3 > HBrO3 > HClO3
3) H2O > H2S > H2Se > H2Te
4)
4

HSO-4
HNO2
CH3COOH
NH +4

Ka
1.2 10-2
4.5 10-4
1.8 10-5
6.0 10-10

1) SO 24- > NO-2 > CH3COO- > NH3

* 2) NH3 > CH3COO- > NO-2 > SO 243) H2SO4 > NO-2 > CH3COO- > NH 25 +
4) NH 25 + > CH3COO- > NO-2 > H2SO4
5 4 A, B, C D H3O+
1.5 10-3, 6.5 10-4, 4.0 10-5 5.5 10-6
pKa
1) A > B > C > D A
2) A > B > C > D D
3) D > C > B > A A
* 4) D > C > B > A D
2012 ___________________________________

(73)


pH

Kw = [H3O+][OH-]
= 1.0 10-14 25C

pH
[H3O+]
pH
pH + pOH

=
=
=
=

-log [H3O+]
A 10-B mol/dm3
B - log A
14 25C

6 HCl 0.10 1.10 /

100 pH (H = 1, Cl = 35.5, log 3 = 0.4771)
2) 2.48
3) 2.52
4) 3.48
*1) 1.52
mol/dm3 = 10Mdx

1.1 0.1
[H3O+] = 10 36.5
= 0.03 = 3 10-2 mol/dm3
pH = 2 - log 3
7 HA 0.1 pH 3.0 HA 100
900 pH
1) 2.5
* 2) 3.5
3) 4.0
4) 4.5
pH HA = 3

[H3O+] = 10-3 mol/dm3

[H3O+] =
Ka C
[H 3O + ]2
C =
Ka
M1V1 = M2V2
[10-3 ]2 100 = [H 3O + ]2 (100 + 900)
Ka
Ka

(74) __________________________________ 2012

 8 H2A 0.10 pH 4.5 A2-

10-12 Ka1 Ka2
1) 100,000
* 2) 10,000
3) 1,000
4) 100
9 HA 0.1 pH 5.0 x
Ka 10 Ka HA x 0.01 pH
1) 3
2) 4
* 3) 5
4) 6
10 HCl pH = 4 400 cm3 HNO3 pH = 2
100 cm3 pH ( log 2 = 0.301 log 3 = 0.477)
1) 2.3
*2) 2.7
3) 3.0
4) 3.3
[HCl] = 1 10-4 mol/dm3

HA
[HNO3] = 1 10-2 mol/dm3
MV = M1V1 + M2V2
M 500 = (1 10-4 400) + (1 10-2 100)
11 pH
1) OH- 0.002 200 cm3 pH 12
*2) (HA) Ka = 1.0 10-7 0.001 mol/dm3 1000 cm3
pH 6.5
3) HCl pH 2.0 100 cm3 900 cm3 pH 3.0
4) HNO3 0.63 100 cm3 pH HCl
0.1 mol/dm3 500 cm3

[H3O+] =
Ka C

=
1 10-7 10-3 = 10-5 mol/dm3
pH = -log [H3O+]
12
1) HSO-3 SO 23- HSO-3 H2SO3
2) H3PO4 > H 2 PO-4 > HPO 24*3) CH3NH2 (Kb = 4 10-4) C6H5NH2 (Kb = 4 10-10)
BaCO3 + NaOH + H2O NaHCO3
4) NaHCO3 + Ba(OH)2

Kw = Ka Kb

2012 ___________________________________

(75)

-
HIn(aq) + H2O(l)
H3O+(aq) + In-(aq)

13 (Cresol red) NH3 0.20

- pH 7.2-8.8
NH3 Kb = 2.0 10-5, log 5 = 0.699
1)
2)
* 3)
4)
[OH-] =
Kb C

2.0 10-5 0.2

=
= 2 10-3 mol/dm3
[H3O+] = 5 10-12 mol/dm3
pH = 12 - log 5

14 HIn HIn pH 4.0

20 cm3 NaOH 0.01 mol/dm3 40 cm3
pH
pH = (pKa - 1) (pKa + 1)
- pH 5.0
( log 2 = 0.3)
1)
*2)
3)
4)
15 X

-
-
-
-
-

X pH
1) 4.4-6.2
*2) 4.4-5.0

pH
3.1-4.4
4.4-6.2
5.0-8.0
6.0-7.6
6.8-8.4

3) 5.0-6.0

4) 6.8-7.6

(76) __________________________________ 2012

H3O+(aq) + OH-(aq)
2H2O(l)

H3O+ OH-
+
+
+
+

NaClO4 KNO3
NH4Cl
NH4NO3
NaHCO3 K2CO3
NH4NO2 NH4Cl
+ CH3COONH4
NH4CN (NH4)2CO3

Ka > Kb
Ka = Kb
Ka < Kb

16
* 1) CH3COONa NaCN KNO2
2) NaCl NaCN KNO2
3) NH4Cl CH3COONa CH3COONH4
4) NaCN NH4Cl KNO2
17 -
1) NaH + H2O
NaOH + H2
2) Na + H2O
NaOH + H2
2+
3) Co + H2O
[Co(H2O)6]2+
* 4) 1
18
1) 0.10 M NaOH + 0.10 M HCl
* 2) 0.10 M KCN + 0.10 M HCl
3) 0.10 M NaOH + 0.10 M HCN
4) 0.10 M KCN + 0.10 M NH4OH
19

1) 0.50 HCN 200 + 0.50 NH3 200

2) 0.20 HCl 200 + 0.10 NaOH 400
* 3) 0.40 HNO3 100 + 0.10 NH3 400
4) 0.10 CH3COOH 200 + 0.20 NaOH 100

2012 ___________________________________

(77)

 20 CO2
1) H2CO3
3) HCl + CaCO3

2) NaHCO3
* 4) Na2CO3 + CaCl2

-

1. H2SO4 + Ba(OH)2
2. HCl + NaOH

21 -

1)
2)
* 3)
4)
22 -
1
1)
* 2)
3) 50 20
4)

23 20.00
0.500 2 19.95
19.80

1) 2
* 2) 3
3) 4
4) 5

(78) __________________________________ 2012

 24-26

Na2S2O3
1. KIO3 0.015 25
2. H2SO4 KI 1
3. Na2S2O3 2
I-3
1
IO-3 + II-3
2
S 2O 23- + I-3

1
2

S 4 O 26- + I-

()

0.20
12.65
12.70
25.25

()

24
1) 50
* 2) 100
3) 250
4) 500
25

10.0

Na2S2O3

1) 9.65
* 2) 9.75
3) 10.25
4) 10.35

26 Na2S2O3
1) 0.030
2) 0.060
* 3) 0.180
4) 0.240

2012 ___________________________________

(79)

 27-28

KMnO4
KMnO4
KMnO4
()
0.05
0.15
0.25
0.40
0.50
0.75
1.00

0.200
0.225
0.375
0.600
0.750
0.850
0.900

KMnO4 3
KMnO4

A
B
C

0.300
0.630
0.825

27 B KMnO4
* 1) 0.42
2) 0.45
3) 0.48

4) 0.58

28
1) A
2) B
* 3) C
4) A C
29 (HA) a Ka b
*1) pH -log (ab)
-b + (b 2 + 4ab)

a
-14
3) OH- 1.0 a10
4) 25.00 cm3 NaOH 0.20
NaOH 250 a cm3

2) H3O+

(80) __________________________________ 2012

[H3O+] =

Ka C

=
(ab)
pH = -log [H3O+]
= -log (ab)
30 H2SO4 NaOH
H2SO4 H2SO4 NaOH

45
40
35
30
H 2 SO 4 (cm 3 ) 25
20
15
10
5
0

NaOH 0.1 mol/dm3

H2SO4 mol/dm3
*1) 0.05
2) 0.1
3) 0.2
4) 0.4
0

10 15 20 25
NaOH(cm 3 )
31 Ba(OH)2 25.00
HCl 0.10

1
2

()

1.00
40.95
2.00
42.05

Ba(OH)2
* 1) 0.08
2) 0.13

3) 0.16

4) 0.25

32 20 NaOH 1.0 5.0

NaOH
H2CO3 + 2NaOH
Na2CO3 + 2H2O

1) 0.78
2) 1.55
* 3) 7.75
4) 15.50

2012 ___________________________________

(81)

 33 2.00 0.1 M
6.0
* 1) 18
2) 9
3) 5
4) 3
34 KOH 0.15 mol/dm3 80.00 cm3
HA 25.00 cm3 HCl 0.20 mol/dm3
HCl 22.50 cm3 HA
1) 0.15
2) 0.20
3) 0.25
* 4) 0.30

KOH + HA
KA + H2O
KOH + HCl
KCl + H2O
80
0.2 22.5
mol KOH HA = 0.15
1000 - 1000
mol HA
= 0.012 - 0.0045 = 0.0075
HA
= 0.0075 1000
25 = 0.3 M
35 NH3 25.0 cm3
HCl 0.1 mol/dm3 40.0 cm3 HCl
NaOH 0.05 mol/dm3 20.0 cm3 NH3

1) 0.08
* 2) 0.12
3) 0.26
4) 0.35
36 2 H2SO4 0.1 60
HCl 0.2 50 NaOH 0.4

1) 40
2) 45
3) 50
* 4) 55
37 0.1 mol/dm3 200 cm3
0.20 mol/dm3 250 cm3
pH = 12 ( 2.55 dm3)
38 10-6 0.02
NaOH pK1

1) 6
2) 8
* 3) 9
4) 10
39 H2SO4 CaCO3 CO2
1.0 dm3 CO2 1.1 g/dm3 pH
(Ka H2CO3 = 4.0 10-7, H = 1, C = 12, O = 16)
1) 3.0
* 2) 4.0
3) 5.0
4) 6.0

(82) __________________________________ 2012

 40 (KC8H5O4) 2.04 100.00 cm3

25.00 cm3 NaOH NaOH
20.00 cm3 NaOH 25.00 cm3
NaOH 20.00 cm3 pH
NaOH cm3 pH 4.263
( 1 , pKa = 4.74,
H = 1, C = 12, O = 16, K = 39, log2 = 0.301, log3 = 0.477)
* 1) 5.000
2) 10.00
3) 15.00
4) 20.00
pH

1.
CH3COOH + CH3COONa, H3PO4 + NaH2PO4
[]
pH = pKa - log [
]

2. NH3 + NH4Cl
[]
pOH = pKb - log [
]

3. + (-)
NaH2PO4 + Na2HPO4, NaHCO3 + Na2CO3

41 -
1)
* 2)
3)
4)
42 HCl 0.30 NH3 0.20
4

1)
2)
3)
* 4)

()
HCl 0.30
NH3 0.20
200
300
200
100
200
200
100
200

2012 ___________________________________

(83)

 43 HCN Ka = 5.0 10-10 HCN 0.005

500
HCN(aq) + H2O(l)
H3O+(aq) + CN-(aq)
KCN 0.005 pH
1) 6.8
2) 7.2
3) 8.5
* 4) 9.3
44 (CH3COOH) 0.2 15.00
NaOH 0.1 20.00
( Ka CH3COOH 25C = 1.8 10-5, log 0.5 = -0.301, log 1.5 = 0.176, log 1.8 = 0.255)
1) pH 3.150
2) pH 4.921
* 3) pH 5.046
4) pH 8.751

(84) __________________________________ 2012



CuSO4

Zn(s)
Zn2+(aq) + 2e

Cu2+(aq) + 2eCu(s)

Zn(s) + Cu2+(aq)
Zn2+(aq) + Cu(s)
1
1) 2K2CrO4 + 2HCl
K2Cr2O7 + 2KCl + H2O
*2) 2CuSO4 + 4KCN
Cu2(CN)2 + 2K2SO4 + (CN)2
3) [Co(NH3)5Br]SO4 + BaCl2
[Co(NH3)5Br]Cl2 + BaSO4
4) Zn2[Fe(CN)6] + 8NaOH
2Na2ZnO2 + Na4[Fe(CN)6] + 4H2O

2
d Ca3(PO4)2 + e CrPO4 + f AlPO4 + g H2O + h Br2
a CaCr2O7 + b H3PO4 + c AlBr3
a = 3 h
1) 3
2) 5
3) 7
* 4) 9

a b
a Fe2+(aq) + b MnO-4 (aq) + H+(aq)
Fe3+(aq) + H2O(l) + Mn2+(aq)
1) 1 5
2) 2 5
* 3) 5 1
4) 5 2

1.
2.
3.

2012 ___________________________________

(85)


- O H2O
- H H+

- OH- O H2O
4 X Y X Y

aXO-4 (aq) + bYO 32- (aq)

cXO 2 (s) + dYO 24- (aq)

1) a + b = 5
2) OH-
3) XO-4 YO 32-
*4) 5
YO 23- + 2OHYO 24- + H2O + 2e
XO-4 + 2H2O + 3eXO2 + 4OH 2XO-4 + 3YO23- + H2O
2XO2 (s) + 3YO 24- + 2OH

Zn(s)

e-

0.76 V

e-

ZnSO4 1 mol/dm3

H2(1 atm)
HCl 1 mol/dm3
Pt(s)

Zn(s)|Zn2+(aq, 1 mol/dm3)||H+(aq, 1 mol/dm3)|H2(g, 1 atm)|Pt(s)

Mg(s)|Mg2+(aq, 1 M)||Fe3+(aq, 1 M), Fe2+(aq, 1 M)|Pt(s)

Eo

Eo

o = Eo
o
E
- E

(86) __________________________________ 2012

Ni(s) + 2Ag+(aq)
Ni2+(aq) + 2Ag(s)

1) Ni(s) | Ag+(aq) || Ni2+(aq) | Ag(s)

2) Ag(s)| Ag+(aq) || Ni2+(aq) | Ni(s)
3) Ag(s) Ni2+(aq)
*4) Ag(s)

Ni(s) | Ni2+(aq) || Ag+(aq) | Ag(s)

6

E A B C D H

1
2
3
4

C2+ + 2D2+ C + 2D3+

C2+ + B C + B2+
3B2+ + 2A 3B + 2A3+
2A + 6H+ 2A3+ + 3H2

E (V)
-0.91
-0.48
2.82
2.48

A/A3+//D3+, D2+/Pt E
1) 1.57
2) 1.91
* 3) 3.25
4) 3.73

1.
E E
2.
3.

2012 ___________________________________

(87)

E 298 K

A+(aq) + e- A(s)
B3+(aq) + e- B2+(aq)
C2(s) + 2e- 2C-(aq)
D3+(aq) + 3e- D(s)
E2+(aq) + 2e- E(s)

E(V)
+0.80
+0.77
+0.54
-0.04
-0.13

o
1) E

+
A(s) / A (aq, 1 mol/dm3) // E2+(aq, 1 mol/dm3) / E(s)
2)
Pt(s) / B2+(aq, 1 mol/dm3), B3+(aq, 1 mol/dm3) // E2+(aq, 1 mol/dm3) / E(s)
* 3) D3+ E
4) D3+ C- C2

8-9
J2+(aq) + 2eK+(aq) + e2L+(aq) + 2eM3+(aq) + e-

J(s)
K(s)
L2(g)
M2+(aq)

E
E
E
E

=
=
=
=

+0.20 V
-0.30 V
-0.20 V
+0.10 V

8
1) K < L2 < M2+ < J
*2) J < M2+ < L2 < K
3) J2+ < M3+ < L+ < K+
4)
9 K M3+ J2+
1) J K
2) J K M2+
*3) J K M2+
4)
10 +0.80 V
Pt | H2 (1 atm) | H+(1 M) || Ag+(1 M) | Ag

1) H2 0.80 V
2) Pt -0.80 V
*3) Ag+ 0.80 V
4) Ag -0.80 V

(88) __________________________________ 2012

 11
Cu2+ + 2eCu
E = +0.34
4+
2+
Sn + 2e
Sn
E = +0.15
3+
Fe + 3e
Fe
E = -0.04
2+
Pb + 2e
Pb
E = -0.13
Sn2+ + 2eSn
E = -0.14
2+
Fe + 2e
Fe
E = -0.44

1) Fe3+
* 2) Fe2+
3) Pb2+
4) Cu2+
12
2HClO + 2H+ + 2e
Cl2 + 2H2O
E = +1.63 V
2+
Pt + 2e
Pt
E = +1.20 V
2PbSO4 + 2e
Pb + SO 4
E = -0.31 V

1) 2HClO + Pt + 2H+
Cl2 + Pt2+ + 2H2O
22) 2HClO + Pb + SO 4 + 2H+
Cl2 + PbSO4 + 2H2O
22+
*3) PbSO4 + Pt
Pb + Pt + SO 4
4)
13
Ni2+(aq) + 2eNi(s)
E = -0.25 V
+
O2(g) + 2H (aq) + 2e
H2O2(s)
E = +0.68 V
+
Ag (aq) + e
Ag(s)
E = +0.80 V
H2O2 O2
1) Ag
2) Ni
* 3) Ag+
4) Ni2+
14
Fe3+(aq) + 3eFe(s)
E = -0.44 V
2+
Sn (aq) + 2e
Sn(s)
E = -0.14 V
Fe2+(aq) + 2eFe(s)
E = -0.04 V
4+
2+
Sn (aq) + 2e
Sn (aq)
E = +0.15 V

1) Fe Sn2+
2) Fe Sn4+
3) Sn Fe2+
* 4) Sn Fe3+

E E
2012 ___________________________________

(89)

 15
Zn2+(aq) + 2eZn(s)
E = -0.76 V
Cu2+(aq) + 2eCu(s)
E = +0.34 V
+
Ag (aq) + e
Ag(s)
E = +0.80 V
+
2H (aq) + 2e
H2(g)
E = 0.00 V

. HCl 1
. HCl 1
. CuSO4 1

. AgNO3 1

1) ., . .
* 2) . .
3) . .
4) . .
16
Pb2+ + 2ePb E = -0.13 V
2+
Zn + 2e
Zn E = -0.76 V

V

Pb
Zn Pb
Pb2+

1) 0.63

1.0 mol/dm 3

Zn 2+
1.0 mol/dm 3
2) 0.89

Pb2+
1.0 mol/dm 3
*3) 1.26

Zn

Zn 2+
1.0 mol/dm 3
4) 1.53

17 36
12 HCl
0.96 (H = 1, Mg = 24, Al = 27, Cl = 35.5)

Cu2+ + 2eCu ................... E = 0.34 V

+
2H + 2e
H2 ................... E = 0.00 V
3+
Al + 3e
Al ................... E = -1.68 V
2+
Mg + 2e
Mg ................... E = -2.36 V
1) 33.75
3) 64
4) 67.5
*2) 45
(90) __________________________________ 2012

 18
X+(aq) + eX(s) E = -0.10 V
2+
Y (aq) + 2e
Y(s) E = +0.50 V
0.060
o
Ecell = E cell - n log Q

n
Q
Q E +0.54 V
1) Q = [X+]/[Y2+] = 10
2) Q = [X+]2/[Y2+] = 10
3) Q = [X+]/[Y2+] = 100
*4) Q = [X+]2/[Y2+] = 100

Cu(s) | Cu2+(aq, 0.1 M) || Cu2+(aq, 1 M) | Cu(s)
Pt(s) | H2(g, 1 atm | H+(aq, 1 M) || H+(aq, 1 M) | H2(g, 2 atm) | Pt(s)
Pt(s) | H2(g, 1 atm) | H+(aq, 0.1 M) ||H+(aq, 1 M | H2(g, 1 atm) | Pt(s)

+
ee
()
H+

e-

()
H2O

CuSO4
()
1 S O 2- (aq) + eSO 24- (aq) ; E = +2.01 V
2 2 8
1 O (g) + 2H+(aq) + 2eH2O(l) ; E = +1.23 V
2 2
()
Cu2+(aq) + 2eCu(s)
; E = +0.34 V
2H2O(l) + 2e
H2(g) + 2OH (aq) ; E = -0.83 V
2012 ___________________________________

(91)

 CuSO4
1 O (g) + 2H+(aq) + 2e H2O(l)
2 2
Cu2+(aq) + 2eCu(s)
2+
2Cu (aq) + 2H2O(l)
2Cu(s) + O2(g) + 4H+(aq)
KI
2I-(aq)
I2(s) + 2e 2H2O(l) + 2eH2(g) + 2OH-(aq)
2H2O(l) + 2I-(aq)
H2(g) + 2OH-(aq) + I2(s)

CaCl2

Ca2+(l) + 2eCa(s)

2Cl (l)
Cl2(g) + 2e Ca2+(l) + 2Cl-(l)
Ca(s) + Cl2(g)

ee-

Cl-(l)
Ca2+(l)
CaCl2

(92) __________________________________ 2012

ee

ZnSO4

1. ()
2. ()
3.
4.
19

1) Zn Cu CuSO4 * 2) Cu Zn CuSO4 3) Zn Cu ZnSO4 4) Cu Zn ZnSO4
20
1) Pt(s)|H2(g)||Ag+(aq)|Ag(s)
* 2) Zn(s)|Zn2+(aq)||Ag+(aq)|Ag(s)
*3) Ag(s)|Ag+(aq)||Zn2+(aq)|Zn(s)
4) Ag(s)|Ag+(aq)||H+(aq)|H2(g)|Pt(s)

2012 ___________________________________

(93)


1
.
.
.
.

1)
*2)
3)
4)

.
Na
Ca
Na
Ca

.
Fe
Cu
Cu
Fe

.
P
N
K
S

.
Zn
Si
Fe
Cr

2
.
. ZrO2
. SO2 Ca(OH)2
.

1) . .
2) . .
*3) . .
4) . .
- 54-65
-
0.1-1.25

3

1)
2)
* 3)
4)

CaO
SiO2
SiO2
CaO Na2O

PbO
NaF
B2O3
Cr2O3

(SiO2) B2O3

(94) __________________________________ 2012

 4 (SnO2)


2) CaSnO3
3) Ca2SnO4
* 4) Sn(CO3)2
1) CaSiO3
5 Ta2O5 Nb2O5
Ta Nb
1) Mg, MgCl2
* 2) Ca, CaCl2
3) Na, NaCl
4) Li, LiCl
6
. (CuFeS2) FeS CuS
. FeO SiO2 FeSiO3

.

1) . .
2) . .
3) . .
* 4)
7

1)
2)
*3)
4)

2012 ___________________________________

(95)


3







50 70

> > > >

CO2, CO, NO2 SO2
SO2
SO2 CaSO3

2
( )


1-5



(96) __________________________________ 2012

1.

2.

<

30C

(LPG)
C1-C4

30-110C

C5-C7

65-170C

C6-C12

170-250C
250-340C

C10-C19

C14-C19

320-385C
>

350C

>

500C
C > C35

C19-C35

2012 ___________________________________

(97)

 (C6-C12) (C14-C19)



1.
500C
C10H22

500C

C8H16 + C2H6

2.

CH 3

CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3

CH 3 CH CH CH 3

CH 3
CH
CH 3
3

+ 3H 2

3.

CH 3
CH 3
CH 3 C CH 2 + CH 3 CH CH 3

H 2 SO 4

CH 3
CH 3
CH 3 CH CH 2 C CH 3
CH 3

4.

CH 3
CH 3
CH 3

CH 3 C CH 2 + CH 3 C CH 2
CH 3 C CH 2 C CH 2
CH 3
CH 3
CH 3
CH 3
CH 3

CH3 CH CH2 CH CH CH CH3

CH3 CH CH2 + CH3 CH CH CH CH3

6-12


(98) __________________________________ 2012

95
95 5
CH 3
CH 3
CH 3 C CH 2 CH CH 3
CH 3
( 100)

CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3

( 0)

(MTBE),

CH 3
CH 3 C O CH 3
CH 3
(MTBE)
2
1000 /

(C16H34) 100 (C11H10) 0
CH 3
CH3 (CH2)14 CH3
( 100)

( 0)

99.5%
95%

2012 ___________________________________

(99)


Transesterification


O
CH 2 OH
CH 2 O C R 1
O
O
3R C O CH 3 + CH OH
CH O C R 2 + 3CH 3 OH
O
CH 2 OH
CH 2 O C R 3

( 60 )

O
CH 2 O C C15 H 31
O
CH O C C15 H 31
O
CH 2 O C C15 H 31

* 1)

CH 2 OH
+

3CH3OH

2)

CH

OH

3C15 H31

O
C OCH 3

CH 2 OH

3)

4)

1.
2. H2S CO2 H2S CO2
CO2 K2CO3

3.

(100) _________________________________ 2012

H2S CO2

( : LPG)
()
(NGL)

2
1) (C2H2)
2) iso-octane 100
* 3) (CNG)
4)

1.

2.

2012 _________________________________

(101)

(102) _________________________________ 2012


1. PVC
2. 6, 6
2
1. 1

O
O
nH2N (CH2)6 NH2 + nHO C (CH2)4 C OH

O
O
NH CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 NH C CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 C

+ 2nH2O

6
6

+
+
- +
1, 4- +
+
+
+

(PET)
(PA) ( 6, 6)
(PC)
(PU)
(PF) ()
(UF)
(MF)
O
C

H
H

3
OH

1)

2) H 2 N
NH2
N

3) H2N

Cl

N
N

NH 2

NH2

* 4) Cl

2012 _________________________________

(103)

HO

* 1)
O

OH

O
O
O
O
Cl
Cl
2)
3)
Cl
OH
O

4) 2) 3)

5 (Dimethicone) -Si(CH3)2O-
Si(CH3)2Cl2 H2O Si(CH3)2Cl2 : H2O

1) 1 : 100
2) 1 : 2
* 3) 1 : 1
4) 100 : 1
6

HO
HO
O
O
HO
O
HO

NH2

HO

HO
O

O
NH 2

HO

OH
NH 2

1)
2)
3) pH
* 4) pH
7

O
Cl

O
Cl

HO

OH

H2N

NH2

A
B
C

1) A + B
* 2) A + C
3) B + C
4) A + B + C

(104) _________________________________ 2012

2.

1. ,
, , , , 6, 6
2.
(LDPE)

3.
(), ()

8
1) acetylene
2) butadiene
3) ethylene glycol * 4) hexene
9

NH2
N

H2N

N NH2
H H

1)
2)
3)
* 4)

10
O
O
H
N
O
1)
* 2)
N
O
H
O
O
n
n

3)

4)

2012 _________________________________

(105)

 11

CH 3

H 3C
Si
O

* 1) (CH3)2SiCl2 H2O
3) CH3CH2Cl SiO2

2) CH3Cl SiO2
4) (CH3)2SiCl2 SiO2

1.

2.
,

50

(106) _________________________________ 2012


()
Cu2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq)
Cu(OH)2(s)
(II)
Cu(OH)2(aq) + 4NH3
Cu(NH3)4(OH)2(aq)
(II)

Cu2+

() 6, 6 6, 10 (
)

1500
15000
CH 2
CH 2 CH 2
CH 2 CH 2
CH 2
C C
C C
C C
CH 3
H CH 3
H CH 3
H
(-)

3
CH 2
CH 3
CH 2 CH 2
H
H
C C
C C
C C
CH 3
CH 2 CH 2
CH 2
H CH 3

2012 _________________________________

(107)




CH 3
CH 3
(CH 2 CH C CH 2 ) n- (CH 2 CH C CH ) n- + (8 - x)H 2 S
+

S8

Sx

(CH 2 CH C CH 2 ) n- (CH 2 CH C CH ) nCH 3

CH 3

x = S

(108) _________________________________ 2012

Dalton

Thomson

Rutherford

Bohr

ZX

1. (Atomic number, Z)

2. (Mass number, A)

2012 _________________________________

(109)

 (Isotope)


(Isobar)
(Isotone)
(Isoelectronic)

2
1. (Core Shell Electron Configuration)
2. (Subshell Electron Configuration)

2
1.
2.

1.
= 2n2 n = n
n = 1 = 2 12 = 2
n = 2 = 8
n = 3 = 18
n = 4 = 32
2. 8 ()

(110) _________________________________ 2012

3.
n=5

n=1 n=2 n=3 n=4

n=7

n=6

4. () (
) ( A)
5. 4 2 1
(Cr Cu) 9 18

3
1.
2.
3.

1s2

(Orbital)


s 2 spectrum (sharp)
p 6 spectrum (principal)
d 10 spectrum (diffuse)
f 14 spectrum (diffuse)
g 18 spectrum (diffuse)
( 120) g-orbital h-orbital
2012 _________________________________

(111)

1s
2s
3s

2p
3p

3d

4s

4p

4d

4f

5s

5p

5d

5f

5g

: 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, ...

(Orbital Diagram)

1.

2.

(112) _________________________________ 2012


H
1s1
Li
2s1

Be
2s2
3s
4s
5s
6s
7s

()

C
N O
B
F
1
2
3
4
2p 2p 2p 2p 2p5
3p

Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn
3d1 3d2 3d3 3d4 3d5 3d6 3d7 3d8 3d9 3d10
4d
5d
6d
La
4f1

Ce
4f2

Pr
4f3

Nd
4f4

Pm
4f5

Sm
4f6

Eu
4f7

Gd
4f8

Tb
4f9

He
1s2
Ne
2p6

4p
5p
6p
7p

Dy Ho Er Tm Yb
4f10 4f11 4f12 4f13 4f14

5f

Hg Ga Cs Fr
3

()

()
(Reduce)
(Oxidize)

Be, B Al () Amphoteric
2012 _________________________________

(113)


5
1.
2. (Ionization Energy): IE
3. (Electron Affinity): EA
4. (Electronegativity): EN
5.
5
/
/

IE1 , EA , EN /

IE1 , EA , EN /

1. :
2.
:
3.
:
(IE)

(IE1)
IE2, IE3, ...
B+(g) + eIE1 = 807 kJ/mol
B(g)
+
2+
B (g) + e
IE2 = 2433 kJ/mol
B (g)
IE1 < IE2 < IE3 < ... < IEn
(114) _________________________________ 2012

I.E. (MJ/mole)

******
2A 5A ns2
np3 2A Full-fill orbital 5A Halffill orbital 1 2

2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0

Li Be B C N O F Ne
Cs Ba Ti Pb Bi Po At Rn

(EA)

1

Cl-(g)
EA = -349 kJ/mol
Cl(g) + e EA (
) EA
******
1

(EN)

EN


EN (F)
EN

2012 _________________________________

(115)


()



()


()
8A (
)

45 3+
40
18 Ar 21 Sc
1)
2)
3)
4)

4)

. 19K 10
. Fe3+ 3d3 4s2
. A 38 B 17
AB2
. NCl3 N2O3

1) . .
2) . .
3) . .
4) ., ., . .
1) . .
Fe(II) (Z =26)
2) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s0 3d6
1) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d4
4) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5 4s2 3d5
3) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 3d5
2) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s0 3d6

(116) _________________________________ 2012

8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
3 4 5 6 7

Y
1) EN
2) EA
4) IE2
3) IE1

9 10

4) IE2
X XO2
1s2 2s2 2p5
1) X
2) X 2
3) X 88
4) X
3) X 88

2012 _________________________________

(117)

1 ()

N
T1/2
160
1020 s
140
120
100
80
60

Z=N

1s

40
20
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Z

N =
Z = ()
T1/2 = ( )

1. ( 83) ()
2. n/p ()
3. n/p ()
4. ()

(118) _________________________________ 2012

1.

1H
1

2.

1
0n

3.

0
-1 e

4.

+1

0e

5.

4 He
2

6.

0
0

83
93
(Nuclear Equation)

232 Th
208 Pb + 6 4 He +
90
82
2

4 -01 e

235 U + 1 n
92
0

92
36 Kr

141 Ba
56

2 01 n

2
1. Nuclear Fission ()

2-3

(Critical
Mass)
2012 _________________________________

(119)

Ba-141

U-235

Ba-141

U-235

n
n

Kr-92
n
Kr-92

Ba-141

U-235

n
n

n
n
Kr-92

2. Nuclear Fusion ()




(Critical Ignition)
E
+
D

+
3

He

N.

Proton
Neutron

(Half Life)

t1/2 222Ra 40 40 Ra 1 Ra
0.5
Nt = N0/2n

n = T/t1/2

(120) _________________________________ 2012

 Nt =
N0 =
n =

T =
t1/2 =

Co-60 5.3 26.5

Co-60
1) 1/5
2) 1/8
3) 1/16
4) 1/32
4) 1/32
23290Th 6
4
1) 20474 W
2) 20874 W
4) 208
3) 204
82 Pb
82 Pb
4) 208
82 Pb
Pb-210 20 .. 2500 .
Pb-210 400 Bq/kg .
6.25 Bq/kg .
..
1) 2600
2) 2601
3) 2620
4) 2621
3) 2620

2012 _________________________________

(121)

(Solid)

1.
2. ()
3.
4.
5.
6.

(122) _________________________________ 2012

 2
1. (Crystalline Solid)

(Unit Cell)

1.
-
2.

1.
-
-

-
-

-
-
-
-

-
-

-
-

2012 _________________________________

(123)

2. (Amorphous)

1 atm

()



()
()


()

(124) _________________________________ 2012

 (Liquid)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

(Tension Force)

(Surface Tension) 1
J/m2 N/m 1

2012 _________________________________

(125)


()


(Viscosity)

(Evaporation)

()

(Vapour Pressure) 1

2


()

(Boiling)

(126) _________________________________ 2012

 (Boiling Point)

1

()

2
1. (Real Gas)

2. (Ideal Gas)

1.

2.
()
3. (
)

4.

5.
()
2012 _________________________________

(127)

(n)
(V)
(P)
(T)

P V1

V T

P V

V n


PV = nRT
( R)
R = 0.0821 L atm K-1 mol-1
P = (atm)
n = (mol)
V = (L)
T = (K)

(128) _________________________________ 2012


D = PM
RT

D = (g/L)
M =

P
C = RT
C = (mol/L)

PT = P1 + P2 + P3 + ...

PV = P1V1 + P2V2 + P3V3 + ...

r1
M2
d2
d1 = M 1
r2 =
r =
d =
M =

2012 _________________________________

(129)


1)
2)
3)
4)
4)
(C2H5OC2H5) 1 1000
80C 38.0 mmHg
3 500 80C

1) 0.05
2) 0.15
3) 0.30
4) 0.45
3) 0.30
O2 20 300 SO2
4
( = 0.082 atm L mol-1 K-1)
1) 0.154
2) 0.769
3) 76.875
4) 153.750
4) 153.750
X 30.0 2.0 Y
216 8.0 X
10 1.34 10-21 Y
1) 14
2) 25
3) 44
4) 260
2) 25

(130) _________________________________ 2012

1. (I2)

I2(s)
I2(g)

2.

C12H22O11(s)
C12H22O11(aq)
3.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

1.

2.

2012 _________________________________

(131)


aA + bB
cC + dD

c d
Kc = [C] a [D]b
[A] [B]
*** K K K

(Kp )
Pc P d
Kp = Ca Db
PA PB
Kp Kc
PV = nRT ; P = (n/V)RT
n/V
PA = [A]RT
PB = [B]RT
PC = [C]RT
PD = [D]RT
Kp
Kp = Kc(RT)n

AgCl(s)
Ag+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
Ksp = [Ag+][Cl-]

1.
2.
3.

9 1.
9 2.
9 3.
4.
5.

(132) _________________________________ 2012

 (Le Chateliers Principle)

( )

pH
pH
Mg(OH)2
Mg(OH)2(s)
Mg2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq)
OH- ( pH ) Mg(OH)2
H+ ( pH ) Mg(OH)2

A + B
C +D
A
A
A A
B B A C D

1.
2.

2
1 :
(
-H)
A + B
C + D + energy
A + B
C + D ; H = -34.2 kJ
2012 _________________________________

(133)

) ()

(A B )
(C D )

) ()

A B C D

2 :
(
H)
1
A + B + energy
C+D
A + B
C + D ; H = 57.1 kJ

) ()

(C D )
(A B )

) ()

A B C D

*** ***

(134) _________________________________ 2012


(
)

3
1 :

2 :

PV = nRT n P n P







3 :
2

()

2012 _________________________________

(135)

 N2(g) + 3H2(g)
2NH3(g) + 92 kJ

1)
2)
3)
4)

H2(g)
NH3(g)

NH3

4) = , = , NH3
= =
HgS Ksp 2 10-49
Hg2+ 2 10-20 S2- 1 10-29

1) HgS
2) HgS
3) HgS
4)
2) HgS

C ()
A + B

1
2
3

(M)
[A]
[B]
[C]
10.00 10.00
10.00
22.50 15.00
10.00
10.00 15.00
15.00

3 A = 25.00 M B = 40.00
M C
1) 20.00 M
2) 50.00 M
3) 100.0 M
4) 250.0 M
2) 50.00 M
(136) _________________________________ 2012





1. , , C60
2. (Metal Carbide) Ca2C, Mg2C
3. CO, CO2
4. (Carbonic Acid, Bicarbonate Salt, Carbonate Salt)
H2CO3, NaHCO3, CaCO3
5. Cyanide, Cyanate Thiocyanate KCN, NaOCN, NH4SCN

C H
(hetero atom)

H H H H
H C C C C X
H H H H
residue functional
group
group

Residue group : C H
Functional group :

2012 _________________________________

(137)

1.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

Hydrocarbon
1.1. Alkane
1.2 Alkene
1.3 Alkyne
1.4 Benzene
Alcohol
Ether
Amine
Carboxylic acid
Ester
Amide
Aldehyde
Ketone
Alkyl Halides

functional group

R H
R R
R R
R C6H5
R OH
R O R
R NH2
R COOH
R COO R
R CONH2
R CHO
R CO R
R X ( X F, Cl, Br, I)

aryl group
hydroxyl group
oxy group
amino group
carboxylic group
oxycarbonyl group
amide group
formyl group
carbonyl group

Isomerism
(Isomerism)

(Isomer)
Isomer
Constitutional
Isomer
(Structural Isomer)

Stereoisomer
Enantiomer
(Chiral/Achiral)

Diastereomer

Functional Isomer Positional Isomer

Skeleton Isomer

Geometry Isomer
(Cis/Trans)

(138) _________________________________ 2012


1.
2.
SAME = ()
DIFFERENT = ()
ISOMER = ()

Constitutional Isomer
C5H12O
Functional isomer
: functional group
Positional isomer
: functional group
Skeleton isomer
: residue group

OH

OH

OH

OH

OH

Double Bond Equivalent (DBE) degree of
unsatturation
DBE = C - H2 - X2 + N2 + 1
C =
H =
X = ( 7A 17)
N =
O () DBE
O
DBE H -H 0 H
+
2012 _________________________________

(139)

-H 1
1. + 1
2. 1
-H 2
1. + 1
2. + 2
3. 2
4. 1 + 1
1 DBE 1 1

******
!!!
2

3

1. : amide > carboxylic > alcohol > amine
2. : ketone > aldehyde > ester > ether
3. : alkyne > alkane > alkene

amide > carboxylic acid > alcohol > ketone > amine > aldehyde > ester > alkyne >
ether > alkane > alkene
1 2

(140) _________________________________ 2012

2
1. (Hydrocarbon Compounds)
2. (Organic Compounds)
1. (Hydrocarbon Compounds)
1.1
2

Residue group
1.2

1
1. (Saturated Hydrocarbons) ( C C
) (Alkanes) (Cycloalkanes)
2. (Unsaturated Hydrocarbons) (
C C ) (Alkenes) (Cycloalkenes) (Alkynes)
(Aromatic Hydrocarbons)
2

(Hydrocarbon Compounds)

(Alkane & Cycloalkane)

(Aliphatic Hydrocarbon)

(Aromatic Hydrocarbon)

(Alkene & Cycloalkene)

(Alkyne Cycloalkyne)

2012 _________________________________

(141)

Alkane

CnH2n+2

Cycloalkane CnH2n
Alkene

CnH2n

C H

and
-ane
H H
H H
C C

H C C H + Br2
H C C Br + HBr(g)
bonds
H H
H H
Alkane Cyclo--ane
1.

H H
C C
-ene
H
H

C C

2.

C C

Cycloalkene CnH2n-2 Alkene Cyclo--ene

+ Br2

KMnO4

CH 3

Br C C Br
H H

+ 2 KMnO 4

4 H 2O

H H
H C C CH 3 + 2 MnO 2 + 2HOH
OH OH

Alkyne

CnH2n-2

C C

1.

-yne

Cycloalkyne

Aromatic

Ar-

Alkyne Cyclo--yne

Br Br
H C C H
Br Br

H C C H + 2Br2

2. KMnO4
MnO2
Alkene

H
H
H
H
H
SO3 H
H Cat. H
H

H
+ H 2 SO 4

H
+ H2O

1
1
(142) _________________________________ 2012



CxHy + (x + y/4)O2
xCO2 + y/2H2O
(Incomplete combustion) :
C CO
1. C C C C

2. O2 O2
3. O2

: C : H C : H

2. (Organic Compounds)

(Alcohols)

(Carboxylic
acid)

//

(Hydroxyl)
R OH

1.

2.
- nol
(Na)
2ROH + 2Na
2RO-Na+ + H2(g)

(Carboxyl)
R COOH

1.

2.
3. Na NaHCO3
O
O

2R C OH + 2Na
2R C O- Na + + H 2 (g)
- oic acid
O
O
R C OH + NaHCO 3
R C O-Na + + CO 2 (g) + H 2O
4. (Esterification)
O
O
+
H
R C OH + ROH
R C OR + H 2O

2012 _________________________________

(143)

(Ester)

alkyl
(Oxycarboxyl)

R COO R

- oate

alkoxy

( C )
(Ether)
alkoxy
( C )

alkane
(Carboxaldehyde)
(Aldehyde)
e
R CO H
- al

alkane
(Carbonyl)
(Ketone)
e
R CO R
- one

(Oxy)
R O R

(Amine)

(Amide)

//

1.

2.

O
O
R C OR + H +
R C OH + ROH

1.
Cu2O
2.

1.

2.
(
alkane
(Amino)
)
R NH2 e
R NH2 + HCl
R NH 3+ Cl 3.
amine
O
O
R C OH + R NH 2
R C NHR + H 2O
1.

2.
alkane
(Amide)

R CONRR
3.
- 4.

amide

(144) _________________________________ 2012

 HOOC(CH2)3COOH
1) 1
2) 2
3) 3
4) 4
3) 3
1 C7H8O

1) 3
2) 4
3) 5
4) 6
3) 5

1) NaHCO3
2) KMnO4
3) Na
4) 1
2) KMnO4

2012 _________________________________

(145)



C H O
4

1.
2.
3.
4. -
5.
6.

(Protein)
(50%
)
1. C H O N S, P, Fe, Zn Cu

2. Monomer


3. (Amino Acid)
50 (Peptide Bond)
4. 3
1. carboxyl (COOH)
O
2. (NH2)
H 2 N CH C OH
3. side chain (R)
R

(146) _________________________________ 2012

5. 22 2

-
-
8

6.

R1 O
R2 O
R1 O H R 2 O
H 2 N C C OH + H 2 N C C OH
H 2 N C C N C C OH + H 2O
H
H
H
H

7.

2
3
4
10-50
50

1
2
3
9-49
49

8.

9. 1 1

4
1. (Primary Structure)



(N-terminal) (C-terminal)

2012 _________________________________

(147)

2. (Secondary Structure)
(C O)
(N H) 4
(-Helix)
(C O) (N H)
(-Sheet)
2
(Parallel)
(Anti Parallel)
3. (Tertiary Structure)

4. (Quaternary Structure)


4
3

3
(Globular Protein) (Coil)


(Fibrous Protein)



6 -----
(GSGAGA)

(148) _________________________________ 2012

10. (Biuret) CuSO4 NaOH

- 2
-
O
O
H 2O
HN
NH
Cu 2 +
NH O
O HN
OH2
11.

Pb(NO3)2

-
- -
-
-

(Carbohydrate)
1. C H O


2. 3
(Monosaccharides)
(Oligosaccharides)
(Polysaccharides)

2012 _________________________________

(149)

 (Monosaccharide)
(CH2O)n 5
(C5H10O5) 6
(C6H12O6)

(Aldoses)

(Ketoses)

1. (Triose Sugar 3 : )
2. (Tetrose Sugar 4 )
3. (Pentose Sugar 5 )
4. (Hexose Sugar 6 )
5. (Heptose Sugar 7 : )
6
(Aldohexose Sugar)

(II)
/ /

O
R C H

2Cu 2+

5OH -

O
R C O- + 2Cu 2 O + 3H 2 O

(150) _________________________________ 2012

 (Oligosaccharides)
2-10
C O C (Glycosidic)
(Disaccharides) 2
1 (C12H22O11)
O

HOH 2C
HO
HO

+
OH
OH

HOH 2C

O HO

HO
HO

HOH 2C
HO
HO

CH 2OH

CH 2OH

OH O
HO

HO

CH 2OH
()

+ H 2O

(Trisaccharide) 3
(Raffinose) + +

(Polysaccharides)

nGlucose
Polysaccharide
nC6H12O6
(C6H10O5)n + nH2O
3
1. (Starch)
2
1.1 (Amylose) (Helix)

OH

CH 2OH
O
OH

OH

CH 2OH
O
OH

OH

Amylose

CH2OH
O
OH
300-600

OH

OH

2012 _________________________________

(151)

1.2 (Amylopectin)
OH
O
O
HO
OH
HO
O
O
O
HO
HOO
O
OH
HO
HOO
O
HO
HO O
Amylopectin

20% 80%

Amylosehelice with the
glucose-monomerunit :
OH
O
O
HO
OH

2. (Glycogen)

(152) _________________________________ 2012

HO

CH 2OH
O
OH

OH

CH 2OH
O
OH

CH 2OH
O
OH

OH

OH

CH2OH
O
OH

CH 2OH
O
OH

OH

OH

O
CH 2

OH

O
OH

CH 2OH
O
OH

OH

CH 2OH
O
OH

OH

3. (Cellulose)

(Lipids)
1. C H O N P

3
1. (Simple lipid) (Fat) (Oil) (Wax)
2. (Compound lipid)

2012 _________________________________

(153)

3. (Miscellaneous lipid)


2. 3
() 1
(Triglyceride)
O
H 2C O C R
H 2C OH
O
O
HC OH + 3 HO C R
HC O C R + 3 H 2O
O
H 2C OH
H 2C O C R

3. (Fats) (Oils)
2
2
4. (Fatty Acid) R COOH R
( C 11 ) 2
a.
Side chain ( R)
CnH2n+1COOH (C17H35COOH)
O
OH
Lauric acid

(154) _________________________________ 2012

b.
R


(C17H33COOH)
O
HO
trans-Oleic acid
O
HO
cis-Oleic acid

I.
II.
III. R
5. (Waxes)
(C 24-36 )

6.
(Br2)
()

2012 _________________________________

(155)

 (Rancidity)
(Antioxidant)
Vitamin C E Butylated Hydroxyanisole
(BHA), Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT)

OH

OH

OH

BHA

BHT

2
1. Hydrolysis Hydrolyze

2. Oxidation O2 Oxidize

()
Pt Ni

(Soap)
(Sponification)


O
H
R
O
R 3 NaOH/H 2O
O
O
O
O
3R
+
O
heat
ONa
O
O
H
R
H
O
+ () +

O
O Na

(156) _________________________________ 2012


2 Side chain
COO-Na+
Like Dissolve Like

()
(Micelle)

2

(Detergent)

(Detergent)
R- SO-3 Na+
Ca2+, Fe2+, Fe3+ Mg2+ (LAS : Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate)
(ABS : Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate)

O
S O-Na +
O

2012 _________________________________

(157)

O
S O-Na +
O
LAS
O
S O-Na +
O
ABS

(Builder): Na5P3O10 ()

(Emulsifier): cellulose-OCH2 CO-2 Na+

(Bleach): NaOCl, Ca(OCl)2

(Corrosion Inhibitor): Na2Si3O7

(Nucleic acid)


2
1. (Deoxyribonucleic acid): DNA

2. (Ribonucleic acid): RNA

DNA

(158) _________________________________ 2012

 DNA RNA
DNA RNA
(Nucleotide) 3

NH 2
N
N
N N
O
Adenine unit
O P O CH 2 O
H H
OH
H
Phosphate unit
OH H
Deoxyribose unit

1. ( RNA) ( DNA)
HO
HO
OH
OH
O
O
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
OH
OH
OH
2. Nitrogenous base (N-base) 2
a. (Pyrimidine base) Cytosine (C), Thymine (T), Uracil (U)
b. (Purine base) Adenine (A), Guanine (G)
3. H3PO4 H
DNA RNA N-base
DNA Thymine (T) RNA Uracil (U)

2012 _________________________________

(159)


H O H H O H H2 O H H
+
NH 3 C C N C C N C C N C COO(CH 2 ) 2
(CH 2 ) 4
CH 3
NH 3+
COO-

1)
2)
3)
4)

3
3

pH

1) 3
Cu2O
1)
2)
3)
4)
4)

1)

O
O

2)

OH
OH

O
OH

3)

O
OH

4)
O
OH

3)

(160) _________________________________ 2012