CHNG I.

VN TI V BUN BN QUC T
I. KHI QUT V VN TI
1. Khi nim vn ti
Theo ngha rng, VT l mt quy trnh k thut nhm di chuyn v tr ca con ngi v vt phm trong
khng gian.
Theo ngha hp (di gic kinh t), VT l s di chuyn v tr ca hnh khch v hng ho trong khng
gian khi tho mn ng thi 2 tnh cht: l mt hot ng sn xut vt cht v l mt hot ng kinh t
c lp.
2. c im
L mt ngnh sn xut vt cht ca x hi.
Sc lao ng: lao ng ca con ngi nhm thc hin vic di chuyn hng ho v hnh khch t a im
ny n a im khc.
Cng c lao ng: cc phng tin thit b nh u my, toa xe, t
i tng lao ng (i tng vn chuyn): hng ho hay hnh khch cn thit phi vn chuyn
L ngnh sn xut vt cht c bit ca x hi
l mt qu trnh tc ng lm thay i v mt khng gian ca i tng chuyn ch
khng sng to ra sn phm vt cht mi
Sn phm vn ti khng d tr c
khng dng n nguyn liu
3. Phn loi
3.1. Cn c vo phm vi phc v:
Vn ti ni b x nghip: vic vn chuyn trong ni b x nghip, nh my, cng ty nhm di chuyn
nguyn vt liu, thnh phm, bn thnh phm, cn b cng nhn vin
Vn ti cng cng: vic cc cng ty hay x nghip vn ti chuyn ch vt phm hng ho t ni sn xut
n ni tiu th v vn chuyn con ngi t a im ny n a im khc
- Lc lng VT a phng
- Lc lng VT trung ng
3.2. Cn c vo phm vi hot ng
Vn ti ni a: p ng nhu cu vn chuyn ni a
Vn ti quc t: hot ng vn ti m i tng vn chuyn vt ra khi bin gii quc gia
o Vn ti quc t trc tip: din ra gia 2 hay nhiu nc c chung bin gii hoc c chung vng
bin quc t
o Vn ti quc t qu cnh: c s dng lnh th ca hai hay nhiu nc th ba
3.3. Cn c vo mi trng hot ng
Vn ti ng st
Vn ti t
Vn ti ng thu
- vn ti ng bin
- vn ti ng sng
- vn ti pha sng bin
Vn ti hng khng
Vn ti ng ng
3.4. Cn c vo i tng chuyn ch
vn ti hng ho
vn ti hnh khch
vn ti hng ho-hnh khch

3.5. Cn c vo khong cch chuyn ch

vn ti ng gn: ln hn 7400 km (4000 hi l)
vn ti ng xa: nh hn 7400 km; 1 hi l = 1,852 km
3.6. Cn c vo hnh trnh chuyn ch:
Vn ti mt chng
Vn ti nhiu chng
Vn ti ch sut
Vn ti n phng thc (Unimodal Transport)
Vn ti a phng thc (Multimodal Transport)
Vn ti t on (segmented)
Vn ti hng l
Vn ti hng nguyn.
II. VN TI V BUN BN QUC T
1. Mi quan h gia vn ti v bun bn quc t
Vn ti quc t l hnh thc chuyn ch hng ho hoc hnh khch gia 2 hay nhiu nc vi nhau
Vn ti quc t l qu trnh vn ti m im u v im cui nm trn lnh th ca 2 nc khc nhau.
Vn ti quc t v bun bn quc t c mi quan h cht ch, hu c vi nhau, thc y nhau cng pht
trin.
2. Tc dng ca vn ti i vi bun bn quc t
Cc ph VT nh hng n gi hng cho bn
Q= P1P2/L
Vn ti quc t lm thay i c cu hng ho v c cu th trng XNK (Nht Bn)
Vn ti quc t nh hng trc tip n cn cn thanh ton ca mt nc.
III. PHN CHIA TRCH NHIM VN TI TRONG HP NG MUA BN NGOI THNG
1. Khi nim trch nhim vn ti
ng trn gc ngi chuyn ch th trch nhim vn ti l trch nhim t chc chuyn ch hng ho t
ni nhn hng n ni giao hng.
Cch 1:cn c vo quyn vn ti hay quyn thu tu
Nhm 1:Phn ln trch nhim VT thuc v ngi NK: EXW (Ex Works), FCA (Free Carrier).
EXW: Ng XK giao hng ti nh my, ng NK ginh ton b quyn VT
FCA: ng NK thu phng tin VT
Nhm 2: Phn ln trch nhim VT thuc v ngi XK: CPT (Carriage Paid to), CIP (Carriage and
Insurance Paid to), DDU (Delivered Duty Unpaid), DDP (Delivered Duty Paid)
CPT: Ng XK thu phng thc VT no v tuyn ng no cng c
CIP: ng XK mua BH
DDU: ng XK tr ph BH v quyn li ca mnh
DDP: ng XK tr thu NK
Trch nhim VT c phn chia mt phn thuc v ngi XK, mt phn thuc v ngi NK: FAS
(Free Alongside Ship), FOB (Free On Board), CFR ( Cost and Freight), CIF (Cost, Insurance and
Freight), DES (Delivered Ex Ship), DEQ (Delivered Ex Quay), DAF (Delivered At Frontier).
FAS: ng NK dnh quyn VT chnh
FOB: ng XK chuyn ch hng ra cng v chu chi ph bc hng ln tu
CFR: gi hng khng bao gm ph d hng
DES: im phn chia ri ro cng n
DEQ: gi hng gm chi ph d hng ti cu cng

DAF: ng XK giao hng ti bin gii

u im: em li mt ci nhn tng qut v Incoterms 2000 di gic vn ti.

Nhc im:
o Rt kh p dng
o thiu chnh xc
Cch 2: cn c vo chng vn ti chnh

Nhm E: gm duy nht iu kin EXW, ng NK dnh quyn VT chng chnh, mi phng thc

Nhm F: gm cc iu kin FCA, FAS, FOB

FCA: ng NK dnh quyn VT chng chnh, mi phng thc
FAS: ng NK dnh quyn VT chng chnh, ng bin
FOB: ng NK dnh quyn VT chng chnh, ng bin

Nhm C: gm cc iu kin CFR, CPT, CIP, CIF

CFR: ng XK dnh quyn VT chng chnh, mi phng thc
CPT: ng XK dnh quyn VT chng chnh, mi phng thc
CIP: ng XK dnh quyn VT chng chnh, mi phng thc
CIF: ng XK dnh quyn VT chng chnh, ng bin
Nhm D: gm cc iu kin DES, DEQ, DDU, DDP, DAF
DES: ng XK dnh quyn VT chng chnh, ng bin
DEQ: ng XK dnh quyn VT chng chnh, ng bin
DDU: ng XK dnh quyn VT chng chnh, mi phng thc
DDP: ng XK dnh quyn VT chng chnh, mi phng thc
DAF: cha bit ai ginh quyn VT, mi phng thc
u im:
- d xc nh v d p dng
- chnh xc
2. Quyn vn ti

Ngi no c trch nhim thanh ton trc tip ton b hay mt phn cc ph cho ngi chuyn ch
v c trch nhim t chc vic chuyn ch hng ho trn ton b hnh trnh hay trn chng ng chnh
th ngi ginh c quyn vn ti.
Nu hng ho XNK c chuyn ch bng ng bin th quyn gi l quyn thu tu
Lu :
6 k hng ho phi chuyn ch bng ng bin: FAS, FOB, CFR, DES, DEQ, CIF. 7 k khc, hng ho
c vn chuyn bng mi phng thc VT (VT ng bin).
2. Ngi XK dnh c quyn VT khi bn hng theo cc k CPT, CIP, DDU, DDP; dnh c quyn
thu tu khi bn hng theo cc k CFR, CIF, DES, DEQ.
3. Ngi NK dnh c quyn VT khi NK theo cc k EXW, FCA. Ngi NK dnh c quyn thu tu
khi NK theo cc iu kin FAS, FOB.
3. ngha ca vic ginh quyn vn ti
Ch ng t chc chuyn ch, m phn, k kt H VT
La chn ngi chuyn ch, tuyn ng VT, phng thc chuyn ch c li cho mnh nu H MB
khng quy nh c th
Khi H mua bn khng quy nh thi gian giao hng c th, ngi dnh quyn vn ti c th ch ng
trong vic giao nhn v vn chuyn hng ho
Tn dng c i tu bun v phng tin VT trong nc nhm tng thu v gim chi ngoi t
Mt s trng hp khng nn dnh c quyn vn ti v quyn thu tu.
Trng hp 1: kh thu hoc khng thu c phng tin VT (thiu ngoi t, khng bit cch thu, cc
ph tng so vi t/gian k HMB)
Trng hp 2: S chnh lch gia gi FOB v gi CFR, gi FCA v gi CPT l khng c li

Trng hp 3: qu cn bn hoc qu cn mua mt loi hng no trong khi i phng mun dnh
quyn vn ti
Trng hp 4: do lut php tng nc hay phong tc tp qun ca cng

CHNG II: CHUYN CH HNG HO XUT NHP KHU BNG NG BIN.

I. c im v tc dng
1. c im
u im
Cc tuyn ng t nhin khng mt chi ph xy dng v bo dng
Nng lc chuyn ch ln
C ly chuyn ch di, kh nng thng qua cao
Gi thnh VT bin thp ch cao hn vt ti ng ng
Thch hp vi hu ht cc loi hng ho trong TM QT c bit l hng ri (l hng c khi lng ln,
khng c bao b thng mi, gi tr thp)
Tiu th nhin liu trn 1 tn trng ti thp
Nhc im
ph thuc vo k t nhin v k hng hi
Tc ca cc tu bin tng i thp
Thi gian gii phng hng khi tu chm do th tc hnh chnh rm r
2. Tc dng
Thch hp vi vic chuyn ch hng ho trong bun bn QT
Gp phn m rng quan h bun bn QT
Lm thay i c cu hng ho v c cu th trng trong bun bn QT
nh hng n cn cn thanh ton QT
nh hng n hiu qu kinh doanh XNK
II. C s VC KT ca VT ng bin
1. Cc tuyn ng bin (tuyn ng hng hi- Ocean Line)
a. Khi nim: L cc tuyn ng ni gia 2 hay nhiu cng vi nhau trn tu bin qua li ch hng ha.
b. Phn loi
- Theo phm vi hot ng:
Tuyn ng hng hi ni a (Domestic Navigation line)
Tuyn ng hng hi QT (International Navigation Line)
- Theo mc ch s dng:
Tuyn ng hng hi nh tuyn (Regular Navigation Line) s dng phc v tu ch
Tuyn ng hng hi khng nh s dng phc v tu chy rng.
Tuyn ng hng hi c bit (Special Navigation Line) c s dng cho mc ch c bit trong hng
hi
2. Cng bin (Sea port)
a. Khi nim: L ni ra vo neo u ca tu bin, l ni phc v tu v hng ho chuyn ch trn tu, l u mi
giao thng ca 1 quc gia c bin.
b. Chc nng:
Phc v tu ra vo, neo u lm hng ti cng (cung cp cc dch v a n tu ra vo, du m, nc
ngt, v sinh, sa cha tu.
Phc v hng ho chuyn ch trn tu (cng lm nhim v xp d, giao nhn, chuyn ti, l ni tin hnh
cc th tc XNK l ni bt u, tip tc hoc kt thc qu trnh vn ti)
c. Phn loi
- Theo mc ch s dng:

 cng bun
Cng qun s
cng c
cng tr n
cng cn/ cng thng quan ni a (Inland Clearance Deport) c xy dng su bn trong ni a
- Theo phm vi phc v:
cng ni a
cng QT
d. Cc trang thit b ca cng
Nhm trang t/b phc v tu ra vo, neo u lm hng
Nhm trang t/b phc v vic xp d hng ho
Trang t/b kho bi ca cng
H thng ng giao thng v cc cng c vn chuyn trong cng
Trang t/b ni ca cng
Trang t/b khc
3. Phng tin vn chuyn
a. Khi nim: Tu bun l nhng tu bin c dng vo mc ch KT trong hng hi (l nhng tu ch hng v
hnh khch v mc ch thng mi.
b. c trng KT k thut ca tu bun
Tn tu (Ship name): C th l danh t, k hiu ring do ch tu t v phi c cc ng kim chp
nhn
Cng ng k ca tu (Port of Registry)
C tu:
o Tu treo c bnh thng: l tu ca nc no th ng k v treo c ca nc .
o Tu treo c phng tin (flag of Convenience): L tu ca nc ny nhng ng k ti nc
khc v treo c ca nc . Cc ch tu cc nc pht trin ng k tu ti nc th 3 cng
thu c rt nhiu li nhun do chi ph ng k, tin lng thy th thp, yu cu v iu kin
sinh hot v an ton lao ng khng cao, trnh c loi thu cao cc nc pht trin. V chnh
tr th vic treo c phng tin c th khc phc chnh sch bao vy, phong ta ca cc nc
th ch (i tu kiu ny hin chim 1/3 trn th gii).
Ch tu (Shipowner)
Ngi chuyn ch (Carrier)
Kch thc ca tu (Dimension of Ship):
o Chiu di ca tu (Length over all LOA): chiu di tnh t mi tu n ui tu. Chiu di
ca tu cho bit tu cn cu cng di bao nhiu neo u v xp d hng ha c an ton.
o Chiu rng ca tu (Breadth extreme): l ch rng nht ca thn tu c o t bn ny sang
bn kia ca thnh tu v c tnh bng mt. Chiu rng ca tu cho bit kh nng tu c th qua
c knh o, lung lach c chiu rng bao nhiu.
Mn nc (Draft/Draught): L chiu cao thng ng t y tu ln mt nc, c o bng mt hoc
n v FOOT (1 foot = 0.3048m). Mn nc ni r tu c th ra, vo cc cng i li trn cc sng ngi
c su bao nhiu. Mn nc cn thay i theo ma v vng bin m tu i qua. V ma h ni ca
tu ln hn
o Mn nc ti thiu (Light Draft): L chiu cao thp nht t y tu ln mt nc, khi tu
khong ch hng hay cn gi l mn nc cu to.
o Mn nc ti a (Loaded/Laden Draft): L chiu cao ln nht t y tu ln mt nc, khi tu
ch y hng vo ma h
Trng lng ca tu (Displacement Tonnage): Hay cn gi l lng gin nc ca tu l trng lng
ca khi nc m tu chim ch tnh bng tn di (Long ton = 2.240Lbs = 1.016 kg)
D = M/35 (c.ft Cubic Feet)
Trong : D trng lng ca tu.

M l th tch ca khi nc m tu chim ch.

1 regster ton = 100 c.ft = 2,83 m3
o Trng lng tu khng hng (Light Displacement): l bng trng lng ca v tu, my mc
trang thit b trn tu, ni hi, nc trong ni hi, ph tng, thuyn vin v hnh l ca h.
o Trng lng tu y hng (Heavy Displacement): l bng trng lng ca tu khng hng
cng vi trng lng ca du m, nc ngt, lng thc, thc phm, d tr khc, vt liu
chn lt v trng lng hng ha thng mi m tu ch c.
Dung tch ng k ca tu (Registered tonnage): l th tch cc khong trng khp kn trn tu c
tnh bng mt khi, c.ft hoc tn ng k (register ton)
o Dung tch ng k ton phn (Gross Registered Tonnage): L dung tch ca cc khong trng
khp kn trn tu, tnh t boong trn cng tr xung, tr cc khong trng sau (khoang trng
cha nc dn tu, li i trong hm tu, bung li, bung hi , bung tm, v sinh, phng sa
cha, kho Dung tch ton phn dng thng k tu, bin ch s quan thy th, i lc dng
tnh cc loi ph.
o Dung tch ng k tnh ( Net Registered tonnage): L dung tch cc khong trng khp kn
cha hng trn tu. Dung tch ng k tnh ca tu bng dung tch ng k ton phn tr i dung
tch cc phng n , gii tr ca thuyn trng v thuyn vin. Dung tch bung my v hoa tiu.
Dung tch ng k tnh ca tu thng dng tnh ph qua knh o, ph cng, ph hoa tiu .
Trng ti ca tu: L sc ch ca tu c tnh bng tn di mn nc ti a v ma ng, ma h
hoc vng bin c lin quan, ty tng trng hp.
o Trng ti ton phn ca tu (DWC): l bng tng trng lng hng ha thng mi, trng
lng nhin liu, nc ngt, lng thc, thc phm, vt liu chn nt , d tr khc v ph
tng tnh bng tn di. y cng chnh l chnh lch ca trng lng tu khng ch hng (LD) v
trng lng tu khi ch y hng (HD)
DWC = HD - LD
o Trng ti tnh ca tu (DWCC): l trng lng hng ha thng mi m tu c th ch c.
Trng ti tnh ca Tu chnh bng trng ti ton phn tr i trng lng nhin liu, nc ngt,
lng thc, thc phm, d tr khc v ph tng. Trng ti tnh ca tu l i lng thay i.
c. Phn loi tu bun
Theo cng dng (3 nhm tu)
- Nhm tu ch hng kh (Dry cargo Ship)
Tu ch hng bch ho (General Cargo Ship): l tu ch cc loi hng ha do cng nghip sn xut,
thng c bao b v gi tr cao.
Tu container: gm tu chuyn dng v bn chuyn dng dng ch container.
Tu ch hng kh vi khi lng ln: Hng kh c khi lng ln l nhng hng th rn khng c bao
b nh than , qung, ng cc Loi tu ny thng l mt boong, nhiu hm, trng ti ln, c trang
b c my bm ht hng ri, tc chm.
- Nhm tu ch hng lng (Track carrier)
Tu ch hng lng c t/cht tng hp
Tu ch hng lng c t/cht chuyn dng
- Nhm tu c bit (Special Cargo Ship)
Theo ng c ca tu
Tu ng c hi nc: C k hiu l SS + name
Tu ng c dielzen: C k hiu l MV
Tu bum
Tu ng c nguyn t
Theo c tu
Tu nh: l nhng loi c dung tch ng k nh. Tuy nhin cc tu c dung tch ng k t 100GRT
hoc trng tait ton phn t 300 DWT tr ln mi c xp vo danh sch i tu bun th gii.
Tu trung bnh: L nhng tu ch hng ri v hng bch ha c trng ti di 200.000 DWT.
Tu rt ln VLCC (Very Large Crate Carrier): L nhng tu ch du c trng ti di 200.000 DWT.
Tu cc ln ULCC (Ultra Large Crate Carrier) : L nhng tu ch du th c trng ti t 350.000 DWT
tr ln.

Tu Paramax: Tu c chiu ngang ln nht c th qua c kenh o Panama (32met). Tu ny c trng

ti trung bnh t 60.000 n 70.000 DWT hoc cc tu Container c trng ti t 3000 4000 TEU.
Tu Xuyemax
Theo phng thc KD
Tu ch (Liner): L tu ch hng chy thng xuyn trn mt tuyn ng nht nh, gh vo cc cng
quy nh v theo mt l trnh nh trc.
Tu chy rng (Tramp): Voyage Charter cho thu chuyn v Time Charter thu nh hn. Tu chy
rng l tu chuyn ch hng ha gia cc cng theo yu cu ca ch hng m khng theo mt tuyn
ng nht nh
Theo c tu
Tu treo c thng: national flag
Tu treo c phng tin: flag of convenience
Theo cu trc ca tu
Tu 1 boong
Tu nhiu boong
Tu n v
Tu 2 v
p Theo tui tu:
Tu tr: < 10 tui
Tu trung bnh: t 10 15 tui
Tu gi: > 15 tui
Theo tuyn ng di ngn:
Tu ven duyn
Tu vin dng.

III. Cc phng thc thu tu

1. Phng thc thu tu ch (Line charter)
a. Khi nim, c im tu ch
- Khi nim: L tu chy thng xuyn trn 1 tuyn ng nht nh, gh qua nhng cng nht nh, theo 1 lch
trnh nh trc
- c im
ch hng bch ho c khi lng nh
cu trc phc tp, nhiu boong nhiu hm
tc nhanh, 18-20 hi l/gi
iu kin chuyn ch in sn trn vn n. Khi thu tu ch, ch hng khng c t do tha thun cc
iu kin, iu khon chuyn ch m phi tun th cc iu kin in sn ca B/L.
Cc do cc hng tu cng b trn biu cc. Cc thng bao gm c chi ph xp d hng ha v c
tnh ton theo biu cc ca hng tu. C hiu lc trong thi gian tng i di.
Khng c thng pht xp d.
Tu chy gia cc cng theo mt lch trnh cng b trc.
B/L l bng chng ca mt hp ng vn ti hng ha bng ng bin.
Ch tu ng vai tr l ngi chuyn ch. Ngi chuyn ch l mt bn ca hp ng vn ti v l ngi
phi chu trch nhim v hng ha trong sut qu trnh vn chuyn.
b. Phng thc thu tu ch
Khi nim: ch hng trc tip hoc thng qua ngi mi gii yu cu ch tu cho mnh thu mt phn
chic tu.
Cc bc thu
Ch hng nh ngi mi gii tm tu hi tu
Ngi mi gii cho tu hi tu, ngi mi gii in vo giy lu cc tu ch
Thng lng gia ngi mi gii vi ch tu
Ngi mi gii thng bo vi ch hng KQ lu cc

 Ch hng vn chuyn hng ra cng giao cho tu

Ch tu hoc i din ch tu Pht Hnh 1 b V (OceanB/L).
c. Vn n ng bin (Sea/Ocean B/L)
Khi nim: l chng t chuyn ch hng ho bng ng bin do ng chuyn ch/i din ca ng chuyn
ch PH cho ng gi hng
Chc nng
L bng chng duy nht xc nh H chuyn ch c k kt (ch c duy nht tu ch m thi v tu ch
khng c hp ng). Ni dung ca B/L khng ch th hin bng nhng iu khon trn d m cn b chi phi bi
cc Cng c quc t v vn n v vn ti ng bin.
L bin lai nhn hng ch ca ngi chuyn ch. Vn n l bng chng hin nhin ca vic ngi chuyn
ch nhn hng ch. Vn n chng minh cho s lng, khi lng tnh trng bn ngoi ca hng c
giao.
L bng chng xc nhn quyn SH hng ho ghi trn V. Ai c vn n trong tay, ngi c quyn i s
hu hng ha ghi trong . Do c tnh cht s hu nn vn n l chng t lu thng c. Ngi ta c th
chuyn nhng, mua bn hng ha ghi trn vn n bng vic chuyn nhng vn n.
S dng V vo cc vic sau trong TM hng hi QT
- /vi ch gi:
- i vi ngi vn chuyn:
- i vi ch nhn:
dng V lm bng chng
dng V PH cho ng gi

dng V xut trnh

giao hng cho ng mua
hng khi nhn hng ch
nhn hng
thng qua ng chuyn ch
dng V X lng hng
dng V giao hng
dng V chng minh
ho ng bn giao cho mnh
cng n
vi ngi mua v tnh trng
dng V lm c/t cm c
hng ho
th chp chuyn nhng
V cng cc c/t khc lp
dng V lm c/t trong b
thnh b c/t thanh ton
h s khiu ni
tin hng
dng V lm c/t hon tt
th tc XNK
Giao hng khng dng V gc
Seaway Bill: l c/t chuyn ch hng ho bng ng bin do ng chuyn ch PH cho ng nhn hng c
tn c th ni n.
V giao hng tc hnh (Express Bill)
V Surrender: V trn ng du hay in ch surrender.
d. Phn loi B/L
- Cn c vo tnh trng xp d hng ho
V xp hng (Shipped/Laden on board
B/L): l vn n do ngi chuyn ch hoc i
din cp khi hng ha thc t xp ln tu.
y l loi ph bin v ngi mua khi yu cu
xut trnh b chng t thanh ton tin hng
thng yu cu xut trnh vn n xp hng
ln tu.
o Nu trn vn n c ch in sn nhn
xp (received for shipment hoc
taken tin Charge) th khi thuyn trng
k vn n phi ghi thm ch xp
hng len tu ngy, thng, nm
chng mnh vic xp hng v ngy
l ngy giao hng.
o Nu Trn vn n ghi sn ch
Shipped on Board th khng cn ghi

V nhn xp (Received for Shipment B/L):

L vn n do ngi chuyn ch cp, khi
ngi chuyn ch nhn hng xp ln con tu
ghi trn B/L, tc l hng ha thc t cha c
xp len tu. Loi vn n ny c th b ngn
hng t chi thanh ton, tr phi L/C quy nh
cho php.

g thm chng mnh cho vic

xp, m ngy k vn n chnh l ngy
xp hng len tu, cng l ngy giao
hng
- Cn c vo vic chuyn nhng SH hng ho ghi trn V
V ch danh (Straight B/L): L V theo lnh (B/L to order of): L
vn n trn ghi r tn, a ch vn n trn khng ghi r tn,
ca ngi nhn hng m khng c a ch ngi nhn hng m ch ghi
hoc b xa b ch or Order. ch theo lnh hoc ghi tn ngi
Ch ngi c tn ghi trn vn n nhn hng ng thi ghi thm ch
mi nhn c hng. Loi vn n hoc theo lnh. Trn vn n theo
ny khng th chuyn nhng c lnh c th ghi r theo lnh ca
bng cch k hu.
ngi gi hng, ca ngn hng, ca
ngi nhn hng. Nu khng ghi r
th hiu l theo lnh ca ngi gi
hng. B/L ny c c im l c th
chuyn nhng c cho ngi
khc bng cch k hu.
-

Cn c vo ph ch ca thuyn trng trn V

V hon ho/sch/tinh khit (Clean B/L):

Trn vn n khng c nhng ghi ch, nhng nhn
xt xu hoc nhng bo lu v tnh trng bn ngoi
ca hng ha.
Nhng iu ghi chung chung nh: ngi gi hng
xp v m, nim phong v kp ch, khng bit
v s lng, phm cht, ni dung bn trong, bao
b dng li, thng c khng lm mt tnh hon ho
ca vn n.
Mun ly c vn n hon ho th khi xp hng
ln tu phi m bo hng khng b h hng,
v, bao b khng rch, t, ngha l phi c mt
bin li thuyn ph sch.
Nu m khng sch v bin thnh hon ho th
phi:
o Thay th hng ha, sa cha bao b
o Lp bin bn km theo Vn n.
o Vit th bo m cam kt chu mi hu qu xy
ra, yu cu thuyn trng cp vn n sch.
Th bo m khng c gi tr php l.
-

V v danh (B/L to bearer):

C ghi r ch To bearer hoc
Pht hnh theo lnh nhng
khng ghi tn ngi nhn hay
ngi hng li no hoc
Pht hnh theo lnh cho mt
ngi hng li v ngi
k hu trng m khng ch
nh mt ngi hng li khc
Loi vn n ny c nhiu ri
ro v bt k ai c cng u c
th nhn hng (tnh chuyn
nhng cao

V khng hon ho (Unclean B/L): Trn ghi ch

nhn xt xu hoc nhng bo lu v hng ha v bao
b.

Cn c vo hnh trnh chuyn ch hng ho

Vn n i thng (Direct B/L):

Dng trong trng hp hng ha
c chuyn ch t cng xp hng
n d hng bng 1 con tu, tc l
hng ha khng chuyn ti cng
dc ng.

Vn n ch sut (Through B/L):

Dng trong trng hp hng ha
c chuyn ch t cng xp hng
n d hng cui cng bng 2 hay
nhiu con tu ca hai hay nhiu
ngi chuyn ch. Vn n c c
im:
o C iu khon cho php
chuyn ti.
o C ghi r cng i, cng n,

Vn n vn ti lin hp
(Combined Transport B/L) Dng
trong trng hp hng ha c
chuyn ch t ni i n ni n
bng hai hay nhiu phng thc vn
ti khc nhau. Vn n ny c c
im:
o Trn vn n thng ghi r
ni nhn hng ch v ni
giao hng, ngi cp B/L

cng chuyn ti.

Ngi cp B/L i sut phi
chu trch nhim tn tht
hng ha trong sut hnh
trnh.

o
o

phi l ngi chuyn ch

hoc MTO.
Ghi r vic c php
chuyn ti, cc phng thc
tham gia v ni chuyn ti.
Ngi cp B/L ny phi
chu trch nhim tn tht
hng ha trong sut hnh
trnh.

- Cn c vo phng thc thu tu

Vn n tu ch (Conline Bill/Liner B/L):
Vn n tu chuyn/vn n theo hp ng thu tu (Congen bill/Voyage B/L/B/L to charter party)
- Cn c vo gi tr s dng v kh nng lu thng
Vn n gc
Vn n copy
- Cn c vo hnh thc pht hnh
Vn n in t (Electronic B/L):
Vn n giy
e. Ni dung ca V
Mt 1 gm:
Tn v a ch ngi PH V
S vn n (No of B/L)
Shipper- ngi xp hng
Consignee-ngi nhn hng
a ch thng bo (Notify Party)
Ngy v ni PH V (Date and Place of issue)
Thng tin v hnh trnh:
Thng tin v hng ho:
Thng tin v tu vn chuyn:
Cc ph:
11. For the Master- kin ca thuyn trng:
12. Ngi k V:

Mt 2 in y k chuyn ch:
khi nim: ng chuyn ch, ng xp hng
TN ca ng chuyn ch
Min trch cho ng chuyn ch (17)
GH TN
iu khon m t hng ho
iu khon xp d v giao hng
iu khon cc ph v ph ph
iu khon chm giao hng
iu khon v tn tht chung
iu khon v chin tranh, nh cng
iu khon xp hng trn boong hay sc vt
sng

f. Lut iu chnh
- Lut QT gm:
Cng c QT: Brucxell 1924 (cn gi l quy tc Hague 1924)
QT Visby 1968 (cng vi QT Hague gi l QT Hague- Visby)
NT SDR 1979
QT Hamburg 1978
Hip nh a bin v song bin
- Lut hng hi QG gm:
B Lut hng hi VN 1990
B Lut hng hi VN 2005 c hiu lc t 1/1/2006.
Tp qun hng hi QT v cc cng
Phm vi p dng:
QT Hague 1924
QT Visby 1968:
+ a/d vi V c cp nc tham gia C.
+ a/d cho hng ho vn chuyn t cng ca 1 QG
+ B/L, C/P c dn chiu n C hoc lut QG cho php p dng C.
QT Hamburg 1978:

+ a/d cho cng bc hay cng d ca QG k C

+ V c cp ti 1 QG k C
+ H chuyn ch dn chiu ti C hay lut QG
i tng hng ho iu chnh:
Hague v Visby a/d cho tt c cc loi hng ho
Hamburg 1978 a/d cho tt c hng ho c sc vt sng
B lut Hng hi VN 1990/2005:
g. TN ca ng chuyn ch:
Gm 3 mt sau y:
-

TN ca ngi chuyn ch v mt mt, h hng ca hng ha gi l c s trch nhim

Trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch i vi hng ha v mt khng gian v thi gian gi l thi hn trch
nhim.
S tin ti a m ngi chuyn ch phi bi thng cho mt n v hng ha b tn tht trong trng hp
gi tr hng khng k khai trong vn n, gi l gii hn trch nhim

g1: Thi hn TN:

Quy tc Hague Quy tc Hague Visby
Theo hai quy tc ny ngi chuyn ch
phi chu trch nhim v hng ha k t
khi hng c xp ln tu ti cng i cho
n khi hng ha c d khi tu ti cng
n. (from hock to hock c gi tr i vi
tng kin hng, khng ph hp vi cc quy
tc giao hng tin tin.)

Quy tc Hamburg
Ngi chuyn ch phi chu trch nhim v hng ha t khi ngi
chuyn ch nhn hng ch ti cng xp hng cho n khi
giao hng ti cng d hng.
Ngi chuyn ch coi nh nhn hng ch t khi anh ta nhn
hng t:
o Ngi gi hng hay ngi thay mt ngi gi hng.
o Mt c quan c thm quyn hay bn th 3 khc m theo
lut hay qui nh ti cng xp hng, hng ha phi giao qua
ngi ny.
Ngi chuyn ch coi nh giao hng khi:
o giao cho ngi nhn hoc
o t hng di s nh ot ca ngi nhn ph hp vi
hp dng, lut l hoc tp qun bun bn ti cng d hng.
Hoc
o giao hng cho mt c quan c thm quyn hay bn th 3
khc m theo lut hay quy nh ti cng d hng , hng ha
giao cho ngi ny.
Quy tc ny rng hn c v thi gian trc khi xp hng ln
tu v sau khi d hng khi tu. V vic nhn v giao hng c
th tin hnh trong kho cng, bi cng, ti CY, CFS ch
khong ch trn 2 tu nh hai quy tc kia.

B lut Hng hi VN

g2: Trch nhim

Quy tc Hague
Quy tc Hague Visby
cung cp tu c kh nng i bin (3k)
Tu phi bn chc chu c sng gi bnh thng ca bin c.
Tu phi c trang b v bin ch y v mi mt
Cc trang thit b, hm quy hng phi c tu sa
TN cp V
TN thng mi ca ngi chuyn ch tc l chm sc, bo
qun hng ha sut hnh trnh.
- QT Hague -Visby: 17 TH min trch

Quy tc Hamburg
TN: ng chuyn ch phi chu TN
/vi tn tht thit hi n vi
hng ho hoc chm giao hng
Min trch: (khng cn li
hng vn)
1. Chy do nguyn nhn khch quan
2. Do vn chuyn sc vt sng (hng c
bit) nu st cn hay bnh dch

1. Li hng vn: l hnh vi s sut hoc li lm ca thuyn trng,

thy th, hoa tiu hay ngi lm cng ca ngi chuyn ch trong
vic iu khin v qun tr tu.
2. Chy:
3. Tai ho nguy him/tai nn ca bin gy nn
4. Thin tai (Act of God)
5. Chin tranh v hnh ng chin tranh:
6. Do hnh ng ca k th, ca cng chng
7. Tu v hng b cm gi
8. Do hn ch v cm dch
9. Do nh cng
10. Do hnh vi thiu st ca ch hng gy nn
11. Cu hay c cu sinh mng TS trn bin
12. Do bo ng ca thu th on/hnh khch.
13. Hao ht trng lng/bt k thit hi tn tht no do n t hay ni t
ca hng ho.
14. Bao b k y
15. K m hiu ca hng ho khng y /sai
16. Do n t ca tu
17. tn tht thit hi n vi hng k do li ca ng chuyn ch

3. Do phi i cu h
Trch nhim chng minh theo
quy tc ny cng thuc v
ngi chuyn ch ch khng
thuc ch hng nh hai nguyn
tc kia.
B lut Hng hi VN 1990/2005:
quy nh c s TN ging QT
Hague v Visby nhng ng
chuyn ch mun khng bi
thng phi chng minh mnh
khng c li (dng nguyn tc
suy on li ging QTHamburg)

g3: Gii hn TN
Quy tc Hague
nu hng ho c k
khai gtr trn V
nu hng ho khng
k khai gtr trn V:
100 GBP/n v
hng ho hay 1 kin
hng. (hin nay nc
Anh nng ln 200
GBP, nc M nng
ln 500 USD (lut
1963)

Quy tc Hague Visby

/vi hng ho:
+ Nu hng ho khng k khai
gtr trn V
+ Nu hng ho c k khai gtr
trn V: 10000 Fr vng /n v
hay 1 kin hoc 30 fr vng/kg
hng ho c b ty thuc cch
tnh no cao hn.
/vi container
+ Nu cc kin hng ng trong
container khng k khai trn
V th ch c tnh l 1 kin
hoc1 n v.
+ Nu cc kin hng ng trong
container c k khai trn V.

Quy tc Hamburg
Nu hng ho k khai gtr trn V
Nu hng ha khng k khai gtr trn
V: 835 SDR/v hng ho hay 1 kin
hng hoc 2,5 SDR/kg hng ho c b
Khc Hague v Visby: Chm giao
hng: i vi vic chm giao hng th
GHTN ca ngi chuyn ch bng 2,5
ln tin cc ca s hng giao chm,
nhng khng vt qu tng s tin cc
theo hp ng
+ vi container: gn ging Visby
Nu mi kin hng ng trong container
c k khai trn V th c tnh l kin
hay n v tnh GHTN.
Nu mi kin hng ng trong container
khng k khai trn V th tt c hng
ha ch c tnh l mt n v chuyn
ch
Nu v container, khay hng hay cc
dng c VT khc khng do ng chuyn
ch cung cp hoc cung cp th c
coi l n v chuyn ch ring.
- NT SDR 1979: ch sa i Hague v Visby GHTN 666,67 SDR/v hng ho hay 1 kin hng hoc 2 SDR/kg
B Lut Hng hi VN 2005: quy nh ging Visby nm 1968
Hng khng k khai gtr: 666,67 SDR/v hoc 1 kin hoc 2 SDR/kg
Hng chm giao: ging Hamburg
Container: ging Visby
g4: Thng bo tn tht:

Thng bo tn tht l thng bo bng vn bn (COR) ca ngi nhn hng, ni r tnh trng tn tht ca
hng ha, gi cho ngi chuyn tr trong mt thi gian quy nh bo lu quyn khiu ni vi ngi chuyn
ch.
Quy tc Hague
Quy tc Hague Visby
nu l tn tht r rt (quan st c
bng mt thng): Thng bo ngay
trc hoc trong khi giao hng.
nu l tn tht khng r rt: thng
bo trong vng 3 ngy k t ngy
giao hng.

Quy tc Hamburg

nu l tn tht r rt, thng bo khng mun hn ngy

lm vic sau ngy giao hng cho ngi nhn hng.

Nu l tn tht khng r rt, thng bo trong vng 15

ngy lin tc k t ngy giao hng cho ngi nhn.

Chm giao: thng bo trong vng 60 ngy lin tc sau

ngy hng giao.
Hng mt: thng bo trong vng 90 ngy

- B Lut Hng hi VN 2005

nu tn tht r rt phi thng bo ngay trc hoc trong khi giao hng
nu tn tht khng r rt phi thng bo trong vng 3 ngy k t ngy giao hng
chm giao hng: thng bo trong vng 60 ngy
g 5 - Khiu ni
g 5-1 Nhng ngi c quyn khiu ni vi ngi chuyn ch:
- Ngi gi hng, nu vn n cha k hu chuyn nhng.
- Ngi nhn hng.
- Ngi cm vn n.
- Ngi bo him.
g 5-2 H s khiu ni:
H s gm cc giy t chng minh cho li ch ca ngi khiu ni i vi hng ha, chng minh cho
thit hi xy ra v mc thit hi, chng minh do li ca ngi chuyn ch.
Vn n ng bin (B/L)
Ha n thng mi.
Phiu ng gi.
Bin bn kt ton nhn hng vi tu.
Bn kt ton ln 2 (nu c).
Giy chng nhn hng thiu.
Bin bn d hng (COR).
Th d khng.
Bin bn gim nh.
Bin bn, giy t chng minh li ca ngi chuyn ch.
g 5-3 Thi hn khiu kin/thi hiu t tng:
-

QT Hague: 1 nm k t ngy giao hng hoc k t ngy hng ha ng l phi giao.

QT Visby: khng vt qu 15 thng
QT Hamburg: khng qu 2 nm k t ngy giao hng hoc k t ngy hng ha ng l phi giao.
B Lut Hng hi VN 1990 thi hn khiu ni (1 nm)
B Lut Hng hi VN 2005: thi hiu t tng l 2 nm /v H chuyn ch chuyn, H chuyn ch theo
chng t l 1 nm.

2. Phng thc thu tu chuyn (Voyage chartering)

a. Khi nim v c im ca tu chuyn
- Khi nim: l tu chy rng, p ng nhu cu bt thng ca khch hng
- c im:
Tu chuyn thng vn chuyn hng ho c khi lng ln, tnh cht thun nht, gia cc cng khng c
tuyn tu ch
Tu chuyn c cu to 1 boong , ming hm rng
k chuyn ch, cc, chi ph xp d hng ho ln xung tu c quy nh c th trong H thu tu
Chy theo yu cu ca ch hng.

 VC/P hay C/P l vn bn iu chnh quan h gia cc bn.

Gi cc tng i r, c th bao gm hay khong bao gm cc chi ph.
p Tit kim thi gian chuyn ch.
b. Phng thc thu tu chuyn
Khi nim: Shipowner cho Charterer thu ton b hay 1 phn chic tu chuyn ch hng ho t cng
ny n cng khc bng 1 VB gi l H thu tu chuyn (Voyage charter party, V(C/P) hay VC/P). Hp
ng thu tu nhiu loi khc nhau dng cho tng khu vc, tng tuyn ng, tng mt hng ring bit
v phn chia thnh hai loi.
Nhm tng hp: dng chuyn ch hng bch ha v nhng mt hng khng c mu ring.
Nhm chuyn dng: l nhng hp ng mu dng cho mt mt hng nht nh hay trn mt tuyn
ng nht nh
Cc bc thu:
Ng thu tu nh ng mi gii tm tu v hi tu
Cho tu hi tu ca ng mi gii
m phn gia ngi mi gii v ng cho thu.
Ng mi gii thng bo KQ m phn cho ngi thu.
K kt H gia ng thu v ng cho thu
Thc hin H
p Ngi chuyn ch cung cp vn n cho ngi vn ti.
Cc hnh thc thu:
o Thu chuyn mt:
o Thu chuyn mt kh hi:
o Thu chuyn mt lin tc
o Thu chuyn mt lin tc kh hi:
o Thu khon:
o Thu bao ton b tu
o Thu nh hn:
H thu tu:
o Khi nim: l mt VB trong ng cho thu tu cam kt s chuyn ch hng ho t cng ny n
cng khc theo yu cu ca ng thu tu cn ngi thu cam kt s thanh ton cc ph.
o Mu H: C hn 60 loi mu H khc nhau
Mu H c t/cht tng hp: mu hp ng GENCON do BIMCO PH 1922, sa i 1976
v 1994
Mu H c t/cht chuyn dng
o Ni dung ca mu H
Ch th
o ng cho thu:
o ng thu:
Tu
Tn tu, tui tu.
Quc tch ca tu
Cht lng tu
Trng ti
ng c
Cp hng ca tu
T/gian tu n cng xp hng (Lay day) v ngy hu H (Cancelling day)
T/gian tu n cng xp hng: t/gian tu phi n cng v sn sng nhn hng xp. C hai cch quy
nh l:
o Quy nh 1 khong thi gian
o Quy nh 1 ngy c th
Ngy hu H: l ngy cui cng ca thi gian tu phi n cng nhn hng xp.
Mt tu c coi l n cng v sn sng xp hng hoc d hng khi:

Tu n vng thng mi ca cng.

Sn sng xp d v mi mt.
Thng bo sn sng xp d (NOR) c trao cho ngi thu tu hoc ngi nhn mt cch
thch hp. (y l iu kin quan trng nht bt u tnh thi gian lm hng daytime)
Commodity Clause- iu khon v hng ho
Tn hng:
Bao b ng gi
K m hiu, th tch, tnh cht nguy him ca hng ha (nu c)
S lng, trng lng ca hng gi. n v o lng.
Cch ghi s trng lng (chnh xc, ti a hay ti thiu, vo khong, hoc dung sai). T l dung sai
thng do ch tu /thuyn trng quyt nh khi xp hng ln tu.
TN chuyn ch hng y .
Quy nh hng ha thay th tng t nh hng ha trong hp ng.
Cng xp d hng
Cng xp/1 s cng xp; cng d/1 s cng d
Cng xp d phi l 1 cng an ton
+ An ton v mt hng hi
+ An ton v mt chnh tr XH
Cc ph
Mc cc
v tnh cc
S lng hng ho tnh cc
T/gian thanh ton cc:
ng tin thanh ton cc: ngoi t mnh
CP xp d hng ho ln xung tu
CP xp d theo tu ch (Liner terms): TN thuc v ch tu nhng k quy nh v t/gian xp d v
thng pht xp d.
Min CP v trch nhim xp hng ln tu ti cng i cho ng chuyn ch (FT free in). Nhng phi chu
trch nhim v chi ph d hang ti cng n. TN v chi ph xp hng ln tu ti cng i thuc v ng bn.
Min CP v trch nhim d hng khi tu ti cng n cho ng chuyn ch (freeout FO) nhng phi chu
trch nhim v chi ph xp hng ln tu ti cng n. i vi thu tu th ngc li.
Min CP v trch nhim xp hng v d hng cho ng chuyn ch (free in and out FIO) v ngi thu tu
phi chu
Nu min cho tu th thm ch S hoc T sau cc thut ng FI, FO, FIO tr thnh FIS, FOS hay
FIOS.
o
o
o

T/gian xp d hng ho (Laytime): t/gian cho php ngi thu tu thc hin cng vic xp d hng ho
ln xung tu.
- Cch quy nh t/gian xp d:
Quy nh thi gian xp d chung:
Quy nh thi gian xp ring d ring:
Mc xp d: tnh c thi gian xp d = khi lng hng ho/NS xp d ca cng.
Xp d theo tp qun cng
- n v tnh thi gian xp d
Running days: l ngy lin tc theo lch. Ngy ny khng ch bao gm ngy lm vic m cn gm c
ngy ch nht v ngy l
Working days (ngy lm vic): l ngy lm vic ti cc cng c lin quan do s khng bao gm ch
nht v cc ngy l chnh thc ti cng .
Working days of 24 hours: l ngy lm vic 24 ting (tc l c 24 ting th c tnh l 1 ngy)
WD of 24 consecutive hours: l ngy lm vic 24 ting lin tc, tc l c 24 ting lm vic lin tc th
tnh 1 ngy k c ngy hay m.
Weather WD (ngy lm vic thi tit cho php/ngy lm vic tt tri): l ngy lm vic thi tit tt, tc l
ngy lm vic thi tit khng nh hng n vic xp d hng ha

- Cch quy nh thi gian xp d

To be loaded 10 WD of 24 consecutive hours, Sunday and holidays excepted
To be loaded 10 WD of 24 consecutive hours, Sunday and holidays even used
To be loaded 10 WD of 24 consecutive hours, Sunday and holidays unless used:
- Mc tnh t/gian xp d: ph thuc vo ngy gi a v chp nhn thng bo sn sng xp d - NOR notice of
Readiness NOR c gi i khi tu tho mn 3 k:
o Tu cp cu hay i vo vng TM quy nh ca cng lm hng.
o Tu hon tt th tc vo cng.
o Cc hm quy hng, trang thb phi trong t th nhn hng xp hoc trong t th sn sng giao
hng.
Theo mu H GENCON:
nu NOR a trc 12 h tra ca ngy lm vic nh, thi gian xp d tnh t 13 h chiu.
nu NOR c a vo bui chiu ca ngy lm vic nh, thi gian xp d tnh t 6 gi bui sng
ca ngy lm vic hm sau.
Mt s mu H c in sn iu khon 4 W
W: WIPON (Whether input or not thi gian lm hng c tnh d tu vo cng hay cha)
W: WIBON (Whether in perth or not - thi gian lm hng c tnh d tu cp cu hay cha)
W: WIFPON (Whether in free, practique or not lm xong th tc kim dch hay cha)
W: WICCON (Whether in clear customs or not lm xong th tc hi quan hay cha)
Thng pht xp d nhanh chm: Ta c cc bc sau
- Nghin cu C/P xem thi gian xp, d hay mc d, xp c quy nh l bao nhiu (ngy, gi), mc thi
gian tnh t ngy no, nhng thi gian no khng tnh vo thi gian lm hng.
- Tnh ton bit thc t xp hay d ht bao nhiu ngy, gi.
- Tnh xem bao nhiu ngy b pht, bao nhiu ngy c thng.
- Nhn vi mc thng hay mc pht quy nh bit b pht hay c thng bao nhiu.
tnh ton c s ngy, gi thc t xp d th phi cn c vo bn Statement of Facts do i l tu cp
lp ra bng Time Sheet.
- Demurriage (tin pht xp d chm): khon tin m ng thu phi tr cho ch tu v vic xp d hng ho
chm hn so vi H.
T/gian b pht: b pht l pht lin tc (Running days)
Mc pht:
o Quy nh chung cho c tu/ngy: 2000 USD/ngy
o Quy nh chung cho 1 tn dung tch ng k/ngy: 2 USD/GRT hoc DWT
- Despatch (thng xp d nhanh): l khon tin m ch tu phi tr cho ng thu v vic xp d hng nhanh
hn so vi t/gian quy nh ca H
+ Mc thng thng thng = mc pht
Thng cho c tu/ngy 1000 USD/ngy/tu
Thng cho tn trng ti - GRT hay tn dung tch DWT/ngy
+ T/gian thng:
Thng cho tt c t/gian tit kim c (time saved)
Thng cho t/gian lm vic tit kim c (Working time saved only)
- Cch tnh thng pht:
Tnh b tr:
Tnh thng ring pht ring, ch hng thit
TN v min trch ca ch tu
Trch nhim
Min trch
cung cp tu kh nng i bin
do thin tai tai nn bt ng hoc do TH BKK
iu tu n cng nhn hng
do chin tranh nh cng hoc hnh ng ca
hng dn ng thu tu thc hin cng vic xp
k th
tn tht thit hi do n t ni t hay bn cht
d hng ho ln xung tu
PH 1 b V cho ng gi hng khi nhn hng
c bit ca hng ho
ch

 iu khin tu chy trn bin vi tc hp l

chm sc, bo qun hng ho trong qu trnh
chuyn ch
khng c min trch i vi li hng vn
11. Trng ti
12. Lut xt x: Lut hng hi Anh v M
3. Phng thc thu tu nh hn
a. Khi nim: phng thc cho thu tu m ch tu cho ng thu thu ton b chic tu ch hng hoc khai
thc tu ly cc.
b. c im
l phng thc thu TS
trong t/gian thu ch tu ch chuyn giao quyn s dng con tu ch khng chuyn giao quyn SH con
tu.
ch tu phi bn giao quyn s dng con tu cho ng thu trong sut t/gian thu
c. Cc hnh thc thu: lut Hng hi 2005
Thu nh hn
Thu tu trn
d. Mu H
L H thu TS
K thi hn hon tr tu
k phn chia CP trong t/gian thu

CHNG III. CHUYN CH HNG HO XUT NHP KHU BNG NG HNG KHNG
I. V tr, c im ca vn ti hng khng
1. V tr ca vn ti hng khng
Theo ngha rng, VT HK l tp hp cc yu t kinh t-k thut, nhm khai thc vic chuyn ch bng
my bay mt cch c hiu qu.
Theo ngha hp, VT HK l s di chuyn ca my bay trong khng trung, hay c th hn l hnh thc vn
chuyn hnh khch, hng ho, hnh l, bu kin t mt a im ny n mt a im khc bng my
bay.
VT HK c v tr s 1 trong vic vn chuyn:
Hng i hi phi giao ngay p ng nhu cu v thi c th trng
Hng mau hng nhanh h
Hng cu tr khn cp
Hng gi tr cao, qu him
VT HK c v tr quan trng trong vic giao lu KT-VH gia cc dn tc, quc gia trn th gii
VT HK l mt mt xch quan trng trong vic lin kt cc phng thc VT khc nhau thnh mt phng thc
VT i sut
KL: VTHK cn tr nhng tin b nhanh nh p dng cng ngh hin i.
2.c im ca VT HK
* u im
Cc tuyn ng l tuyn ng t nhin, ngn
nht (ngn hn ng st, t khong 20%,
ng sng khong 10%)
t ph thuc vo iu kin a hnh v hon

* Nhc im
Cc VT HK cao nht (Boeing 747)
Khng ph hp vi vic vn chuyn hng ho
khi lng ln, gi tr nh,hng cng knh,
siu trng siu trng (Ukraina) NX

cnh a l
Kh nng thng qua cao
Tc nhanh, tnh c ng cao, kh nng khai
thc ln, thi gian vn chuyn nhanh
L phng thc VT an ton nht
Lun s dng cng ngh cao (Boeing 767)
Cung cp dch v c cht lng cao hn hn
cc phng thc VT khc
n gin ho v chng t v th tc

i hi u t ln v c s vt cht k thut
cng nh o to ngun nhn lc (Forker,
Boeing 777)
Ph thuc nhiu vo k thi tit

3. i tng vn chuyn bng ng HK

Th, bu kin (Airmail): th, bu phm, bu kin
Hng chuyn pht nhanh (Express): chng t (documents), sch bo tp ch, hng cu tr khn cp
(emergency)
Hng ho thng thng (air freight): l nhng hng ho thch hp vi vic vn chuyn bng my bay,
tr th t, bu kin, bu phm v hng chuyn pht nhanh, gm:
o Hng c gi tr cao: gm nhng hng ha c gi tr 1000 USD/1 kg; vng, bch kim .
o Hng ha d h hng theo thi gian: Gm nhng loi hoa qu ti, thc phm ng lnh.
o Hng ha nhy cm vi th trng: gm nhng loi hng mt, hng thi trang.
o ng vt sng: Gm nhng ng vt trong nh, vn th.
II. C s vt cht k thut ca VT HK
1. Cng hng khng/sn bay (Airport)
23, chng III, Lut HKDD VN 1992, cng HK l 1 t hp cng trnh (sn bay, nh ga, trang thit b,
cng trnh mt t cn thit khc) c s dng cho my bay i v n, thc hin dch v vn chuyn HK.
2. My bay (aircraft, airplane)
- n: L 1 loi thit b bay, hot ng trn c s tng tc vi khng kh.
- Phn loi:
o Cn c vo i tng chuyn ch: My bay hnh khch, my bay ch hng ha, my bay hn hp
o Cn c vo nc sn xut my bay ch yu
o Cn c vo ng c: My bay ng c tua bin cnh qut, tuabin phn lc, ng c Piston
o Cn c vo s gh: loi nh (50 -100), loi trung bnh (100 200), loi ln (200 gh tr ln)
3. Cc trang thit b xp d vn chuyn hng ho
ULD (Unit Load Devices) l cc cng c hay thit b dng ghp cc kin hng nh hay cc kin hng ring
bit thnh cc kin hng ln theo tiu chun nht nh c kch thc tiu chun, ph hp vi kch thc khoang
my bay v l mt b phn ca my bay.
III. Vn chuyn hng ho XNK bng ng hng khng Vit Nam
1. Cc t chc VT HK Vit Nam
Hng HK quc gia (Vietnam Airlines)
Hng HK c phn Pacific Airlines (Vietnam Airlines chim 40% vn php nh)
Cng ty bay dch v Vit Nam VASCO
Tng cng ty bay dch v Vit Nam SFC thuc B Quc phng
VN c hn 30 hng HK quc gia v khu vc khc nhau hot ng
2. Chuyn ch hng ho XNK bng ng HK VN
a. Giao nhn hng ho XNK bng ng HK Vit Nam
+ Giao hng XK:
Ly H u thc, t khai hi quan hng XK, giy
php XK, bn k chi tit hng ha, bn lc khai hng

+ Nhn hng NK
Ly H u thc t ch hng NK
Chuyn 1 s chng t cho ch hng ch hng lm

ha; nhn hng t ch u thc(ngi XK)

Giao hng cho ngi chuyn ch
Thanh ton cc v cc chi ph
Thng bo cho ngi nhn hng sn bayn
Kt ton chi ph giao nhn, i tin ch u thc v
thanh l H.

th tc NK cho hng/Ng GN lm th tc HQ v nhn

hng ti kho ca hng HK
Giao hng cho ch hng ti kho ca sn bay
Kt ton chi ph giao nhn, i tin ch hng v
thanh l H

b. Lp v phn phi AWB

- nh ngha: AWB l mt chng t vn chuyn hng ha v l bng chng ca vic k kt hp ng vn chuyn
hng ha bng my bay, cc hng HK pht hnh theo mu tiu chun ca IATA (IATA Standard Form).
- c im:
o Vn n hng khng l chng t khng giao dch c bng cc k hu thng thng.
o L bng chng ca hp ng vn ti c k kt gia ngi chuyn ch v ngi gi hng.
o L bng chng chng nhn vic nhn hng ca ngi chuyn ch hng khng
o L ha n thanh ton cc ph.
o L giy chng nhn bo him
o L chng t hi quan
o L bn hng dn i vi nhn vin hng khng
- Lp AWB: Mt b AWB c pht hnh thnh gm 9 hoc 12 bn trong c 3 bn gc (original) c nh
s 1, 2, 3; cn li l cc bn ph (copy), c nh s t 4 n 12. Cc bn gc gm 2 mt, cn cc bn cn li
ch c mt trc, mt sau trng.
ngi lp AWB k vo xc nhn (Shippers Certification Box).
- Phn phi AWB
AWB c phn phi nh sau:
o Bn gc s 1 c mu xanh ngi gi hng k, c phn phi cho ngi chuyn ch pht hnh
o Bn gc s 2 c mu hng do ngi gi hng v vn chuyn k c phn phi cho ngi nhn
hng.
o Bn gc s 3 c mu xanh da tri do ngi vn chuyn k c phn phi cho ngi gi hng.
o Bn s 4 c mu vng n ni n cui cng lm bin lai giao hng, c ch k ca ngi nhn hng
v ngi chuyn ch cui cng gi li lm bin lai giao hng cho ngi nhn hng.
o Bn s 5 c mu trng c dnh cho sn bay
o Bn 6, 7, 8 c mu trng dnh cho ngi chuyn ch 3, 2, 1.
o Bn s 9 c mu xanh l cy dnh cho cc ngi chuyn ch lp AWB hay i l gi.
o Bn 10, 12 c mu trng c dnh cho cc ngi chuyn ch.
3. Cc ph HK Vit Nam
L khon tin m ngi thu phi tr cho ngi chuyn ch v vic vn chuyn l hng HK v cc chi
ph khc c lin quan.
Mc cc (Rate): s tin m ngi chuyn ch thu trn mt n v khi lng hoc trng lng ca hng
ho vn chuyn.
Cch X cc:
o Cn c vo hng ho chuyn ch xc nh cc
o Cn c vo hnh trnh ca my bay
Cc HK Vit Nam khng bao gm:
o Ph vn chuyn hng ho i khi sn bay
o Ph lu kho lu bi
o Ph bo him
o Ph dch v thu tin ca ngi nhn sn bay n.
o Chi ph ng gi li hng ho
o Chi ph vn chuyn hng i tip trn cc phng thc VT khc
o Ph thu sau
o Chi ph lin quan ti cc th tc hi quan

4. Trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch HK VN

a) Cc ngun lut
Lut HK DD Vit Nam: thng qua 26/12/1991, c hiu lc 1/1992, sa i BS 20/4/1995, hin ang c
p dng.
Lut HK DD VN thng qua 29/06/2006, c hiu lc thi hnh t 01/01/2007
iu l vn chuyn hng ho QT do hng HK QG VN ban hnh 27/10/1993.
b) Thi hn trch nhim: 25 Lut HK DD VN 1992, thi hn trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch HK l thi
gian ngi chuyn ch HK phi chu trch nhim i vi hng ho, hnh l k gi hoc hnh khch trong qu
trnh chuyn ch bng my bay.
i vi hng ho, hnh l k gi
i vi hnh khch
Rng hn v mt khng gian, thi gian so vi cc cng c quc t
c) C s trch nhim: (trch nhim v min trch) 74, 77 Lut HKDDVN 1992
- Trch nhim:
i vi hng ho, hnh l k gi:
o Chu TN /v mt mt, thiu ht, h hng hng ho, hnh l k gi trong q/trnh chuyn ch hng ho.
o Chu TN /v tn tht thit hi do chm giao sau 7 ngy k t ngy l ra hng phi ti hoc ngi
chuyn ch tuyn b hng b mt, th ngi nhn hng c quyn kin ngi chuyn ch
i vi hnh khch: C TN bi thng thit hi nu hnh khch cht, b thng trong tu bay, trong thi
gian hnh khch ln tu bay hoc ri tu bay.
- Min trch:
Do bn cht t nhin, khuyt tt vn c (ni t, n t ca hng ho)
Do hnh ng bt gi, cng ch ca c quan Nh nc/to n
Do xung t v trang hay chin tranh
Do li ca ng gi hng, ng nhn hng, ng p ti hng.
C s TN ca Lut HKDDVN tng t cc CQT, nhiu min trch hn
- Gii hn trch nhim :
Khon tin ln nht ngi chuyn ch phi bi thng cho ch hng /v 1 kg hng ho. (76, Lut HKDDVN)
Nu hng ho c k khai gi tr trn vn n (Declared value)
Nu ngi chuyn ch chng minh c rng gi tr thc t nh hn gi tr k khai
Nu hng ho khng k khai gi tr trn vn n (Non declared value)
Nu khng xc nh c gi tr thit hi thc t
Mc bi thng thit hi khng vt qu GHTN DS
Lut HK DD VN 1992
Hng ho v hnh l k gi: 20 USD/kg hay 9,07
USD/pound. Hng hng bao b: 100 USD/bao b
Hng ho b tht lc: sau 14 ngy k t ngy hng
ng l phi c giao bi thng nh tn tht
ton b nu khch hng yu cu
Hnh l xch tay: 400 USD/hnh khch.
1 im i/n/dng thuc Hoa K: 1.250USD/hnh
khch.
ngi vn chuyn HK phi hon li ngi gi hng
cc ph, ph ph vn chuyn s hng ho v hnh l
k gi b thit hi.
5. Khiu ni v bi thng
a) Thi hn khiu ni:

Lut HK DD VN 2006
i vi hnh khch:
+ 100.000 SDR/khch nu tn tht ton
b
+ 4.150 SDR/khch nu vn chuyn
chm
i vi hnh l (k gi v xch tay):
1000 SDR/kg
i vi hng ho: 17 SDR/kg.
SDR i sang VND theo t gi chnh
thc ca NHNNVN

Hng ho thiu ht, h hng: 14 ngy k t ngy nhn hng

Hng ho mt: 21 ngy k t ngy hng ng l phi tr.
Hng chm giao: 21 ngy k t ngy hng ng l phi c giao.
Hnh l mt mt, h hng, thiu ht: 7 ngy k t ngy nhn hnh l.

b) B h s khiu ni:
n th khiu ni.
Chng t lin quan n hng ho: Commercial Invoice, Packing list, GCN phm cht, s lng, trng
lng, xut x CO...
Chng t lin quan n hnh trnh: V, chng t VT.
Chng t c lin quan n tn tht: tn tht r rt COR, Survey Report; thiu hng Certificate of
Shortlanded Cargo
Bin bn kt ton tin i bi thng
c) Thi hn khi kin: 1 nm k t ngy hng c vn chuyn ti sn bay n hoc k t ngy hng ng l
c vn chuyn ti sn bay n hoc k t ngy vic vn chuyn b nh tr.
IV. CHUYN CH HNG HO BNG NG HKQT
1. Cc t chc vn ti hng khng quc t
ICAO - International Civil
Aviation Organization- t chc
HK dn dng QT(1947)
Mc ch ra i:
Thit lp cc nguyn tc
chung trong VTHKQT
ra cc tiu chun KT
chung trong CN VTHK
Thc y HK dn dng QT
pht trin
Ngy 2/4/1980 Vit Nam gia nhp
ICAO

IATA-International Air Transport

Association- hip hi VT HKQT
(1945)
Mc ch ra i:
y mnh vn chuyn HK
an ton, thng xuyn, KT.
Khuyn khch thng mi
HK v nghin cu cc vn
c lin quan n thng
mi HK.
Thng nht cc quy nh,
lut l, th l QT v vn
chuyn HK.
Hp tc vi ICAO v cc t
chc QT khc.

i l hng ho HK (Air cargo

Agency)
L ngi trung gian gia ch hng
v hng HK.
i l hng ho IATA
(IATA Cargo Agent)
Ngi giao nhn hng ho hng
khng (Air freight forwarder)

2. C s php l ca VT HK QT
- Cng c Vacxava nm 1929
- Cc vn bn sa i BS cng c Vacxava
o NT Hague 1955 k ngy 28/9/1955
o Cng c BS cng c Vacxava k ti Guadalajara (Mhic) ngy 18/9/1961
o Hip nh lin quan n GH ca cng c Vacxava v NT Hague, c thng qua ti Montreal 5/1966,
hip nh Montreal 1966.
o NT Guatemala 1971
o NT Montreal s 1, 2, 3, 4 nm 1975
3. Chng t chuyn ch hng ho bng ng HK
a. Vn n hng khng (Airway bill- AWB)
Chng t vn chuyn hng ho v l bng chng ca vic k kt H vn chuyn hng ho bng my bay,
v iu kin ca H v vic tip nhn hng ho chuyn ch
khng c kh nng lu thng (Non negotiable)
Phn loi
o Cn c vo ngi pht hnh:

 Vn n ca hng HK (Airline airway bill)

Vn n trung lp (Neutral AWB)
o Cn c vo dch v gom hng
Vn n ca ngi gom hng (House AWB- HAWB)
Vn n ch (Master AWB-MAWB)
Chc nng
L bng chng ca mt H VT bng ng HK
L bng chng v vic nhn hng ch ca hng HK
L ho n thanh ton cc ph (Freight Bill)
L GCN bo him (Insurance Certificate)
L chng t k khai hi quan cho hng ho (Customs Declaration)
L bn hng dn i vi nhn vin HK (the guide to the air staff).
Ni dung ca AWB
Mt trc:
Mt sau: Ch c 3 bn gc
- S vn n (AWB number)
- Thng bo lin quan n trch nhim ca ngi
- Tn a ch ngi pht hnh vn n (hng HK)
chuyn ch
- Sn bay xut pht (airport of departure)
- Cc k ca hp ng:
- Tham chiu n cc bn gc (References to Original) ph hp vi quy nh ca cc cng c QT v HK
- Tham chiu n cc iu khon ca H (References nh cng c Vacxava 1929, cc NT sa i cng
to conditions of Contract).
c.
- Ngi gi hng (Shipper)
- Ngi nhn hng (Consignee)
- M thanh ton cc (Charge Code)
- i l ca ngi chuyn ch pht hnh (issuing
carrier's agent)
- Thng tin thanh ton (accounting information)
- Tin t thanh ton (Currency)
- Tuyn ng vn chuyn (routing)
- Gi tr k khai vn chuyn (Declared value for
carriage)
- Gi tr khai bo hi quan (Declared value for customs)
- S tin bo him (Insurance Amount)
- Thng tin lm hng (Handling information)
- Cc chi ph khc
- S kin hng gi (Number of Pieces)
b. Cc chng t khc
Commercial Invoice do ngi bn cp
Bn k khai chi tit hng ho
Bn lc khai hng ho (Cargo Manifest)
Th ch dn ca ngi gi hng (Shipper's Letter of Instruction) a
Giy k khai hng nguy him
Cc GCN: s lng, trng lng, phm cht, xut x, GCN sc vt sng, GCN v kh n dc...
T khai hi quan hng XNK
4. Cc ph trong vn ti HK QT
Mc cc p dng l mc cc cng b trong biu cc hng ho c hiu lc vo ngy pht hnh V.
C s tnh cc:
o Tnh cc theo trng lng c b thc t
o Tnh cc theo th tch hay dung tch chim ch trn my bay
o Tnh cc theo gi tr hng
Ph thuc:
o Khi lng hng ho giao lu
o Mc cnh tranh

o Loi v s lng hng

o Tr gi hng
o Nhu cu lm hng c bit
Cng b biu cc:biu cc hng khng-TACT (the air cargo tariff):
o Quyn 1 quy tc TACT mt nm ban hnh 2 ln.
o Quyn th 2 cc TACT hai thng ban hnh 1 ln.
Cun 1 v cc ton th gii tr Bc m
Cun 2 v cc Bc M gm cc i, n v ni ht ca Canada v M.
Nguyn tc tnh cc:
Tng tin cc = Tng s n v hng ho tnh cc Mc cc
Phn loi
o Cc hng bch ho (General Cargo Rate): l cc p dng cho nhm hng bch ha thng
thng vn chuyn gia hai im. S lng cng ln th mc cc cng gim. (45kg, 45 100kg,
100 250kg )
L hng bch ho < 45 kg: p dng cc hng bch ho thng thng (GCR-N: Normal
general cargo rate).
L hng t 45 kg tr ln: p dng GCR- Q(Quantity General Cargo Rate)
o Cc ti thiu (Minimum Rate) MR: l mc cc m thp hn th th cc hng hng khng coi
l khng kinh t khi vn chuyn mt l hng d l mt kin rt nh.
o Cc hng c bit (Special Cargo Rate) SCR: Thp hn GCR v p dng cho hng ha c
bit trn tuyn ng nht nh. Trng lng ti thiu sap dng tnh cc l 100kg
o Cc phn loi hng (Class Rate/Commodity Classification Rate) CR/CCR: c tnh trn
c s % so vi cc hng bch ha, p dng cho mt hng khng c cc ring trn mt s tuyn
nht nh. (ng vt sng, hng gi tr cao, hi ct = 50% cc GCR)
o Cc tnh chung cho mi loi hng (freight all kinds) FAK: p dng chung cho mi hng ha
xp chung trong mt container.
o Cc hng chm: L cc tnh cho l hng gi chm (cc hng hng khng khuyn khch loi
ny.
o Cc nhm (Group Rate): l cc p dng cho nhng khch thng xuyn gi hng nguyn c
container hay pallet
o Cc hng nhanh (priority rate): cn gi l cc u tin, p dng cho l hng gi gp trong
vng 3 ting ng h k t khi ngi chuyn ch nhn hng ( = 130 140% cc GCR)
o Cc thng nht (Unified Cargo Rate): l cc p dng khi hng ha chuyn ch qua nhiu
chng, ngi chuyn ch ch p dng 1 loi cc d gi cc chuyn ch phi p dng cho cc
chng l khc nhau.
o Cc thu bao (Charter Rate):

5. Trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch HK:

Cng c Vacxava 1929
Thi hn trch nhim
- L khong thi gian m ngi
chuyn ch phi chu TN i vi
hng ho trong q/tr vn chuyn
bng my bay
C s trch nhim:
- Trch nhim: chu TN trc
nhng tn tht thit hi n vi
hng ho hoc chm giao gy tn
tht thit hi cho hng trong qu

NT Hague 1955
- xo b min trch khi hng ho b tn
tht do li trong vic ch huy v iu
khin my bay.
- hng thm 1 min trch khi mt mt,
h hi ca hng ho l do n t, ni t v
bn cht ca hng ho
- GHTN: nu hng ho khng c k
khai trn V: 250fr/kg. GH TN /v hnh
khch tng gp i, 250.000 fr/hnh
khch.

Cng c Guadalazara 1961:

- TN ca ngi chuyn ch thc t
v ngi chuyn ch theo hp ng
-Ngi chuyn ch theo hp ng
(Contracting Carrier)
-Ngi chuyn ch thc t (Actual
Carrier)

trnh chuyn ch.

- Min trch:
+ Nu CM c rng anh ta v i
l ca anh ta p dng mi bin
php cn thit ngn nga hn ch
nhng tn tht vn xy ra
(Presumed Fault)
+ Nu CM c rng hng ho tn
tht do li ca ch huy, hoa tiu,
ngi vn hnh my bay
Gii hn trch nhim
+ Nu hng ho c k khai gi tr
trn vn n hoc xc nh c gi
tr
+ Nu khng k khai gi tr
Hng ho: 250 fr/kg (hm
lng vng 65,5 mgr,
tinh khit 900/1000)
Hnh l k gi: bi thng
nh hng ho
T trang, hnh l xch
tay:hng HK bi thng khi
my bay b ri hoc do li
ca hng HK, 500fr/khch
Hnh
khch:
125.000
fr/khch
Ngh nh th Guatemala 1971

Ngh nh th Montreal s 1, 2, 3,
4:
- Nu hng ho b mt mt, h hi hay giao chm mt phn, trng lng xc - GHTN: SDR, /v hng ho 250 fr
nh s tin bi thng l trng lng ca 1 hay nhiu kin hng b tn tht.
vng/kg 17 SDR/kg.
- Nu phn hng ho b mt mt, h hi hay giao chm nh hng ti gi tr ca - Tng thm min trch khi hng
cc kin hng khc ghi trong cng V HK:
ho b mt mt h hi do:
Thiu st khi ng gi hng
ho nu ngi chuyn ch
khng thc hin vic ng
gi hng ho
Hnh ng chin tranh hoc
xung t v trang
Hnh ng do chnh quyn
nhn dn thc hin c lin
quan ti XNK v qu cnh.
i vi hnh l xch tay: 5000Fr. Vng hay 332 SDR/1 hnh khch theo Vacsava 1929 v Hugue 1955);
1000 SDR theo Montreal 1,2 ,3, 4.
6. Khiu ni v kin tng ngi chuyn ch HK
- Thi hn khiu ni
Theo Vacxava, /v hng ho tn tht thit hi:trong vng 7 ngy k t ngy nhn hng (NT Hague 14
ngy)
Theo Vacxava, /v chm giao: trong vng 14 ngy k t ngy hng ng l phi c t di s nh
ot ca ngi nhn hng (NT Hague 21 ngy)
- B h s khiu ni
n th khiu ni:
AWB
Cc chng t lin quan ti hng ho (ho n thng mi, GCN)

- Kin:

Cc chng t c lin quan ti tn tht

Bin bn kt ton tin i bi thng (gm tin i bi thng tn tht v cc chi ph khc c lin quan)

Ngi i kin: ch hng (ch gi hoc ch nhn)

Ngi b kin:
o Ngi chuyn ch u tin
o Ngi chuyn ch cui cng
o Ngi chuyn ch m on chuyn ch ca h hng ho b tn tht
Thi gian khi kin: trong vng 2 nm k t ngy my bay n im n/k t ngy l ra my bay phi
n im n/k t ngy vic vn chuyn chm dt.
- Ni kin
To n ni c nh ca ngi chuyn ch
To n ni ngi chuyn ch c tr s kinh doanh chnh
To n ni ngi chuyn ch c tr s m H chuyn ch c k kt
To n c thm quyn ti ni hng n
To n thuc lnh th ca mt trong cc bn k cng c

CHNG IV. CHUYN CH HNG HO BNG VN TI A PHNG THC

I. KHI QUT V VTPT
1. Khi nim vn ti a phng thc
Nguyn nhn ra i v pht trin ca VTPT
Nhu cu hon thin h thng cung ng, phn phi vt cht
Yu cu ca cuc cch mng container, c bit trong VT ng bin.
S pht trin ca cng ngh thng tin
n 1: Sgk, VTPT (Multimodal
Transport)/VT lin hp (Combined

n 2: iu a, QT 2 Uniform Rules n 3: 1, C UN v VT hng ho

for
combined
transport PT
1980
(United
Nations

Transport) l 1 phng php VT

trong hng ho c vn chuyn
bng t nht 2 PTVT , trn c s 1
chng t VT, 1 ch TN v 1
ngi chu TN v hng ho trong
sut hnh trnh chuyn ch

documents/ICC, VTPT QT l vic

vn chuyn hng ho bng t nht 2
PTVT, t 1 a im 1 nc n 1
a im giao hng 1 nc khc.

Convention
on
International
Multimodal Transport of Goods,
1980), VTPT QT l vic vn
chuyn hng ho bng t nht 2
PTVT trn c s 1 H VTPT

2. Cc thut ng lin h:
o
o
o
o
o
o
o

Ngi kinh doanh VTPT MTO (Multimodal Transport Operator) l bt c ng no k H VTPT

H VTPT (Multimodal Transport Contract) l 1 H, theo MTO m nhn vic thc hin
Chng t VTPT (Multimodal Transport Document) l 1 chng t lm bng chng cho 1 H VTPT
Ngi gi hng (Consignor Shipper) l bt c ng no thc s giao hng cho MTO lin quan n H
VTPT
Ngi nhn hng (Consignee) l ng c quyn nhn l hng do ng chuyn ch giao
Hng (Goods) gm container, pallet hay dng c VT khc (nu do ngi gi hng cung cp) v cc hng
ha.
C QT (International Convention) l 1 tho thun QT c k bng vn bn gia cc quc gia v do
lut php QT quy nh.

3. c im ca VTPT
c t nht 2 PTVT # tham gia v/chuyn
k da trn c s 1 H n nht v c th hin trn 1 chng t n nht k gia ngi kinh doanh VTPT v
ngi gi hng.
o Chng t VTPT (Multimodal Transport document).
o V VTPT (Multimodal Transport Bill of Lading).
o V VT lin hp (Combined Transport Bill of Lading).
o V gi hng VT lin hp (B/L for combined transport shipment).
o V gi hng t cng n cng (B/L for port to port shipment).
ch c 1 ng chu TN v hng ho trc ng gi hng, l ng kinh doanh VTPT-MTO. MTO chu TN /vi
hng ho theo 1 ch TN (regime of liability) nht nh
o Ch TN thng nht (Uniform Liability System)
o Ch TN tng chng (Network Liability System)
Ni nhn hng ch v ni giao hng thng nhng nc #
Hng ho c vn chuyn bng cng c VT (container, trailer, pallet...)
Li th ca VTPT l kh nng v/chuyn t ca n ca (door to door transport)
4. Cc hnh thc ca VTPT
- VT bin - VT HK (bin-khng) Sea/Air: tuyn Vin ng-Chu u
- VT HK - VT t (Road/Air): tuyn M-EU v c
- VT ng st/VT t (Rail/Road) chu M v chu u
- ng st/t/ni thu/bin/ni thu/t/ng st (Rail/Road/Inland Water-way/Sea/ Inland Waterway/Road/Rail)
- Mini bridge -cu mini: M v vng Vin ng, M v chu u, M v Australia
- Micro Bridge
- Land bridge (cu lc a): tuyn chu u/Trung ng-Vin ng, tuyn chu u-Vin ng
- Seatrain/Xe la i bin
II. Hiu qu ca VTPT

Hiu qu kinh t
to ra 1 u mi duy nht trong v/chuyn hng
ho t ca n ca
gim CP VT do gim c CP lu kho lu bi
cc cng
tng nhanh tc giao hng
n gin ho chng t v th tc
hng ho an ton hn so vi VT nhiu chng

Hiu qu x hi
tit kim CP
gii quyt cng n vic lm

III.T chc chuyn ch hng ho bng VTPT

1. C s php l ca VT PT
C ca UN v chuyn ch hng ho bng VTPT QT (UN Convention on the International Multimodal
Transport of Goods, 1980) thng qua 1980
QTc ca UNCTAD (Hi ngh LHQ v thng mi v pht trin) v ICC (Phng thng mi QT) v chng t
VTPT (UNCTAD/ICC Rules for Multimodal Transport Documents) c hiu lc 1/1/1992.
Cc quc gia ban hnh lut kinh doanh VTPT
N v kinh doanh VTPT 125-CP c hiu lc 1/1/2004
2. Ngi kinh doanh VTPT (Multimodal Transport Operator -MTO/Combined Transport Operator
-CTO)
a. Khi nim:
C 1980 ca UN
MTO l bt k ng no t mnh hoc
thng qua ngi khc k kt 1 H
VTPT, hot ng nh 1 bn chnh
(Principal) v chu TN thc hin
H VTPT

QTc chng t VTPT ca

UNCTAD v ICC
l bt k ng no k kt 1 H
VTPT v chu TN thc hin H
nh 1 ng chuyn ch

N125 VN
MTO l bt k ng no c giy php
kinh doanh VTPT ca VN hay
nc ngoi vi k ti sn >= 80.000
SDR ~ 112.000 USD (1 SDR=1,41,5 USD).

b. Cc loi MTO:
- MTO c tu bin (Vessel operating MTO/VO-MTO)
- MTO khng tu (Non-Vessel Operating MTO/NVO-MTO) gm c:
ch SH ca 1 PTVT khng phi tu bin
ngi kinh doanh dch v lin quan n VT
ngi kinh doanh VT cng cng khng c tu NVO CC (common carrier)
ngi GN (Freight forwarder)
c. TN ca MTO
- Trch nhim:
TN ca MTO nh quy nh ca C v bn QTc ch TN thng nht (Uniform Liability System).
Ngc li nu trong 1 hnh trnh VTPT, TN ca MTO da trn nhiu ch TN ca cc PTVT tham gia
chuyn ch ch TN tng chng (Network Liability System). Ch TN hin hnh ca cc PTVT:
o VT bin: 3 quy tc Hague Rules, Hague-Visby Rules v Hamburg Rules 1978.
o VTHK: C Vacxava 1929 v cc NT sa i C Vacxava nm 1955, 1975; C Guadalajara 1961,
NT Guatemala 1971
o VT ng b: C v H chuyn ch hng ho bng ng b QT CMR 1956
o VT ng st: C QT v VT hng ho bng ng st CIM 1961 v cng c v VT ng st QT
COTIF 1980
- Thi hn TN:

C LHQ 1980 v Bn QTc UNCTAD/ICC 1992. MTO chu TN /vi hng ho k t khi nhn hng
ch (take the goods in his charge) cho ti khi giao hng (deliver) cho ng nhn ni n.

o
o

MTO coi nh nhn hng ch k t khi

anh ta nhn hng t
Ng gi hng hoc ng thay mt ng gi hng
1 cq c thm quyn hoc bn th 3 #

MTO coi nh giao xong hng khi:

o
o
o

giao cho ng nhn

t hng ho di s nh ot ca ng nhn
giao cho 1 cq c thm quyn hoc 1 bn th
ba #

- C s TN:
C 1980 v VTPT ca UN, MTO chu TN /vi tn tht thit hi ca hng ho, chm giao hng trong thi
hn TN ca MTO
Chm giao hng (delay in delivery) khi hng ho khng c giao trong thi hn tho thun. Nu khng tho
thun trong 1 t/gian hp l m 1 MTO cn mn (a diligent MTO) c th giao, c tnh n hon cnh
ca s vic. 90 ngy hng ho mt.
- QT UNCTAD/ICC: MTO c min trch
j Nu hnh trnh c ng bin/ng thy ni a, li hng vn (do s sut, hnh vi, li lm ca thuyn trng,
thu th, hoa tiu... trong vic iu khin v qun tr tu).
k Do chy v nguyn nhn khch quan
- N125-CP VN
TN: ging ngun lut QT
MT:
+ bt kh khng
+ do li ca ch hng
+ do li ng gi, bao b, k m hiu
+ vic GN xp d do ch hng lm
+ n t, ni t hoc bn cht ca hng ha
+ nh cng, b xng, nh ch hoc hn ch lao ng
+ nu hnh trnh bao gm ng bin, ng ni thy, MTO c MT /vi li hng vn, chy m nguyn nhn
khch quan
- Gii hn TN:
C 1980
QT UNCTAD/ICC
N125 CP
- Nu hng ha c k khai gi tr - Hng ha: 666,67 SDR/v hng - Hng ha:
trn chng t
hay 1 kin hng hoc 2 SDR/kg - Nu k khai
- Nu hng ha khng c k khai hng c b
- Nu khng k khai: 666,67
gi tr trn chng t : 920 SDR/v - Container: ging C
SDR/v hng ha hay 1 kin hng
hng ha hay 1 kin hoc 2,75 - Hnh trnh khng bao gm ng hoc 2 SDR/kg c b
SDR/kg hng ho c b b mt ty bin, ng ni thy: ging C
- container: ging ngun lut QT
theo cch tnh no cao hn.
- Chm giao hng: ging cng c
- hnh trnh bao gm ng bin,
- Chm giao hng: 1 khon tin
ng ni thy: ging ngun lut
2,5 ln tin cc s hng giao
QT
chm.
+ Chm giao: ging ngun lut QT
- Nu hng ho chuyn ch =
container
o c k khai trn chng t th
c coi l kin hoc n
v
o khng k khai th tt c
hng ha trong cng c
c coi l kin hoc 1 n
v chuyn ch.
- v container, khay hng khng do
MTO cung cp/khng thuc SH ca
MTO coi l 1 n v chuyn ch.

- Nu hnh trnh VTPT khng bao

gm ng bin hay ng ni
thy, GHTN 8,33 SDR/kg hng c
b.
3. Thng bo tn tht v khiu ni MTO
a. Thng bo tn tht
- Tn tht r rt: khng mun hn 1 ngy lm vic sau ngy giao hng.
- Tn tht khng r rt: trong vng 6 ngy lin tc k t ngy giao hng.
- Chm giao: trong vng 60 ngy lin tc
b. Khiu ni MTO
- C, 6 thng k t ngy giao hng hoc ngy ng l hng phi c giao .
- Quy tc UNCTAD/ICC, 9 thng k t ngy giao hng hoc ngy ng l hng phi c giao.
- N125, 90 ngy k t ngy giao hng hoc ngy hng ng l phi giao
4. Chng t VTPT
a. Khi nim
Chng t VTPT CM cho 1 H VTPT, cho vic nhn hng ch ca MTO v cho vic cam kt ca MTO
giao hng ph hp vi cc k, iu khon ca H.
V VTPT l bng chng CM MTO nhn hng ch v cam kt s giao hng theo ng cc iu khon quy
nh ca H.
b. Cc loi chng t:
Chng t VTPT lu thng: PH theo lnh (to order of) hoc v danh (to bearer)
Chng t theo lnh k hu
Chng t v danh trao tay
Cc bn sao/copy: Non-negotiable copy
Chng t VTPT khng lu thng: PH ch danh
c. Ni dung
Mt 1
1. Tn, a ch MTO
2. S chng t
3. Tn a ch ngi gi hng
4. Cc ph
5. Tn a ch ngi nhn hng
6. S bn gc ca chng t PH
7. Thng tin v hng ho
8. Cc PTVT tham gia
9. Thng tin v hnh trnh VTPT
10. Ngy, ni PH chng t VTPT
11. MTO k tn ng du

Mt 2
k chuyn ch/iu khon H chuyn ch c s
g/quyt tranh chp gia ng cm chng t v ng PH
chng t.

d. Mt s chng t VTPT thng gp

- V FIATA (F. B/L) FIATA Negotiable Multimodal Transport Bill of Lading
V c UN thng qua, p dng rng ri nht trong VTPT QT B/L ca ng chuyn ch.
F.B/L lu thng c, cc NH chp nhn thanh ton theo PT L/C. Dng trong vn ti ng bin.
- Chng t VT lin hp (COMBI.DOC/Combined B/L- Combined Transport document) BIMCO-The Baltic and
International Maritime Council) PH
c ICC thng qua.
- Chng t VTPT (MULTI.DOC-Multimodal Transport document) UNCTAD PH theo C1980 v chuyn ch
hng ho bng VTPT.
- Chng t lng dng (Bill of Lading for Combined transport shipment/port to port shipment): VT lin hp
(combined transport shipment), VT ng bin (port to port shipment).
5. VTPT /v Incoterms v UCP

a. i vi Incoterms
- FOB, CIF, CFR... thi im di chuyn ri ro, CP/im
giao hng (critical point): lan can tu (Ship's Rail).
- Hng ng trong container, im giao hngCY
(Container Yard)/CFS (Container Freight Station)
- EXW, CIP, CPT, FCA, DDU, DDP, DAF ph hp vi
VTPT,
VT container; FOB FCA, CIF CIP, CFR CPT.

b. i vi UCP
25 UCP500
ghi tn ng chuyn ch, ng chuyn ch k hoc xc
nhn bng cch khc
ghi hng ho gi i/ nhn ch / xp ln
tu.
ghi r ni nhn hng ch
c 1 chng t VT gc duy nht hoc PH 1 b
nhiu bn gc
c ghi khon hay k chuyn ch ca H
p ng c cc y/cu ca L/C

6. VTPT i vi hi quan
C LHQ v VTPT, ph lc 6 iu v th tc hi quan: hng ho trong VTPT QT khng phi kim tra
hi quan
N125, hng ho i bng VTPT min kim tra

CHNG 5: BO HIM HNG HA CHUYN CH BNG NG BIN

o
o
o

BH hng ha chuyn ch bng ng bin

BH thn tu
BH trch nhim dn s ca ch tu (P&I Club)

5.1 Cc nguyn tc c bn ca BH (5)

1- BH ri ro ch khng BH s chc chn (fortuity not certainty)

2- Nguyn tc trung thc tuyt i (utmost goodfaith): l ngi bo him v ngi c bo him phi
trung thc vi nhau
3- Nguyn tc li ch BH (insurable interest) : l li ch , ang v s c cho 1 i tng no . Li ch
s b tn tht khi ngi bo him gp ri ro
4- Nguyn tc bi thng (indemnity) : Cty bi thng nh th no , nhanh chng, y , chnh xc,
mua bo him nh th no th c bi thng nh vy
5- Nguyn tc th quyn (subrogation) : Ngi bo him sau khi bi thng cho ngi c bo him s
thay ngi c bo him i i cc bn lin quan gy ra.
5.2 Khi nim bo him hng hi:
a) Khi nim : L bo him nhng ri ro trn bin, trn b, trn sng c lin quan n hnh trnh ng bin gy
tn tht cho i tng chuyn ch trn bin.
Lch s ra i v pht trin ca Bo him ng bin : Lloyds Coffe House, MIA 1906
5.3 Cc loi Bo him hng hi :
5.4 Ri ro :
a) Khi nim :
l nhng s c, tai nn bt ng ngu nhin xy ra i vi cc i tng trn bin
b) Phn loi : C hai cn c
- Cn c vo nguyn nhn sinh ra ri ro :
o Thin tai :
o Tai nn bt ng ngoi bin
o Cc tai nn bt ng khc
o Cc hin tng chnh tr x hi
o Ri ro do bn cht ca i tng Bo him hoc thit hi m nguyn nhn trc tip l chm tr.
- Cn c vo hot ng ca Bo him

Nhm 1 : Nhm ri ro thng thng c bo him: L ri ro c bo him trong nhng iu

kin bo him hng ha thng thng nh A, B, C. V vy ri ro thng thng cn c gi l ri ro
c bo him. Ri ro thng thng gm: Ri ro mc cn, chm m, chy, m v, nm hng xung
bin, mt tch, v cc ri ro ph nh rch, v, g, bp, cong vnh, hp hi, mt mi, ly hi, ly bn,
v p v hng ha khc, nc ma, hnh vi c , trm, cp, cp, mc cu.

Ri ro chnh (tai nn bt ng ngoi bin)

Mc cn, m, chy, m va, nm hng xung bin,
mt tch

Ri ro ph (cc tai nn bt ng khc)

Hp hi, nng, ly hi, ly bn, han r

Nhm 2 : Nhm ri ro bo him ring : L nhng ri ro loi tr i vi bo him hng hi.

l cc ri ro c bit, phi hng hi nh chin tranh, nh cng. Cc ri ro ny ch c
bo him nu c mua ring, mua thm. Khi ch mua bo him hng hi th nhng ri ro ny
b loi tr.

Nhm 3 : Nhm ri ro loi tr : L nhng ri ro thng khng c bo him trong mi trng

hp i vi bo him hng ha vn chuyn bng ng bin. Ri ro loi tr gm mt s ri ro sau
y: Bun lu, tch thu, ph bao vy, li c ca ngi c bo him, ni t, n t, tu khng
kh nng i bin, tu i chch hng, ch tu mt kh nng ti chnh, hao ht t nhin, v kh ht
nhn, bom nguyn t.

5.5 Tn tht: L nhng thit hi, mt mt h hng ca i tng Bo him do cc ri ro gy ra.

5.5.1 Cn c vo mc v quy m ca tn tht
a) Tn tht b phn : L s mt mt mt phn i tng bo him thuc mt hp ng bo him. V d l hng
10 tn ng trong qu trnh vn chuyn b tn tht 1 tn.

b) Tn tht ton b: L hng ha bo him b mt 100% gi tr hoc g tr s dng. Tn tht ton b gm 2 loi:
-

Loi 1: Tn tht ton b thc s (actual total loss)

L tn tht m do hng ha b ph hy hon ton hay b h hng nghim trng khng cn l vt phm
nh c hoc ngi c bo him b tc quyn s hu vi hng ha. Nh vy tn tht ton b thc s c th l
do hng ha bo him b ph hy hon ton nh chy hoc n, hay hng ha b h hng nghim trng nh go
hay ng b thi do ngm nc hoc ngi c bo him b tc hn quyn s hu i vi hng ha nh hng v
mt do mt tch hay do tu b m.
-

Loi 2: Tn tht ton b c tnh (contructive total loss)

L tn tht v hng ha m khng sao trnh khi tn tht ton b thc s hay nhng chi ph phi b ra
sa cha, khi phc v a hng ha v bn n bng hoc vt qu tr gi hng ha. Tn tht ton b c tnh
gm 2 dng:
o Dng th nht l: Chc chn tn tht ton b thc s s xy ra, v d mt l ng c ch t
nc ngoi v Vit Nam, dc ng ng b ngm nc v bt u thi, nu c mang v Vit Nam
th ng s thi ht, tn tht ton b thc s chc chn s xy ra.
o Dng th 2 l: Xt v ti chnh th coi l tn tht ton b, v d vn chuyn st thp t nc
ngoi v Vit Nam, dc ng tu hng my buc phi vo Hng Kng sa cha. cha tu
phi d st ln b, trong thi gian cha phi lu kho lu bi st thp, khi cha xong phi ti xp
st thp xung tu v a st thp v Vit Nam. Tng cc chi ph phi b ra trong trng hp ny
c th bng hoc ln hn tr gi bo him ca st thp.
o

Khi hng ha b tn tht ton b c tnh, ngi c bo him c th t b hng ha. T b

hng ha l t b mi quyn li lin quan n hng ha hay l s t nguyn ca ngi c
bo him chuyn quyn s hu v hng ha cho ngi bo him i bi thng ton b.
Mun t b hng phi tun th cc quy nh sau;
Mt l: Tuyn b t b hng (notice of abandonment - NOA) gi cho ngi bo him
bng vn bn.
Hai l: Ch t b khi hng ha cn dc ng v cha b tn tht ton b thc s.
Ba l: Khi t b c ngi bo him chp nhn th khng thay i c na, s hu
v hng ho thuc v ngi bo him v ngi c bo him c i bi thng ton
b.

5.5.2 Cn c vo tnh cht ca tn tht

5.5.2.1- Tn tht chung (General average - GA)
L nhng chi ph hoc hy sinh c bit c tin hnh mt cch c v hp l nhm mc ch cu
tu, hng, cc ph thot khi mt nguy him chung thc s i vi chng trong mt hnh trnh chung
trn bin.

c trng ca GA (5)
-

Mun c GA phi c hnh ng GA

Hy sinh, thit hi phi l bt thng v an tan chung
Ri ro (mi e da) phi thc s nghim trng
Mt mt, thit hi hoc chi ph l hu qu trc tip ca hnh ng GA
Hnh ng phi xy ra trn bin

Ni dung GA
-

Hy sinh GA (sacrifices): thit hi hoc chi ph

l hu qu trc tip ca hnh ng GA

VD: thit hi do nm hng xung bin tu chy

nhanh hn, t cho tu mc cn trnh mt tai

Chi ph GA (expenditures): tr cho ngi th

3 trong vic cu tu, hng, cc ph that nn
hoc chi ph lm cho tu tip tc hnh trnh
o Chi
ph
cu
nn
(salvage

nn

remuneration)

o Chi ph ti cng lnh nn (port of

refuge)
Th tc, giy t lin quan n GA
i vi thuyn trng:
- Tuyn b GA bng vn bn
- Mi gim nh vin
- Lm khng ngh hng hi (sea protest)
- Ch nh chuyn vin phn b GA (GA adjuster)
- Gi cho ch hng: Average bond v Average guarantee

i vi ch hng :

K khai gi tr hng ha (nu cn)

Nhn v in vo cc chng t

Lut l gii quyt GA

Quy tc York-Antwerp (1864, 1877, 1950, 1974, 1990, 1994, 2004) c 2 loi iu khon:
- nh ch t A G
- nh s la m t I XXII
Phn b GA
5.5.2.2- Tn tht ring (Particular average):
- L thit hi, mt mt, h hng ca ring tng quyn li BH do ri ro gy nn (V d, dc ng tu b st
nh lm hng ha ca ch hng A b chy, tn tht ca hng A l do thin tai, ch hng A phi t chu,
hoc i cng ty bo him, khng c phan b tn tht cho ch tu v cc ch hng khc. Tn tht trong
trng hp ny l tn tht ring.)
- Chi ph ring (particular charges): chi ph hp l m ngi c bo him hoc i l ca h chi ra nhm
mc ch ngn nga hoc gim nh tn tht v c ngi BH bi han ngai phm vi GA v chi ph cu
nn
5.6 S cn thit :
-

Ri ro
Hng XNK chuyn ch vt qua bin gii
Ngi chuyn ch c rt nhiu min trch
Hng chim t trng ln trong kim ngch XNK
Tp qun
Ph BH thp, bi thng ln

5.7 Cc iu kin BH hng ho : Quy nh trch nhim ca ngi BH (ri ro, tn tht, khng gian, thi gian)
Mu n BH ca Lloyds (SG Form The ship &
good form of Marine Insurance Policy) 1779
Nhc im ca SG Form:
o Gp chung ri ro ca hng v tu
o Cch din t khng r rng (ting Anh c)

ICC 1963 (Trn c s MIA, ILU a ra ICC 1963)

FPA (free from particular average)
WA (with average)
AR (all risks)
WR (war risk)
SRCC (strikes, riots, civil commotion)
Nhc im ca ICC 1963:
o Gi tn cc iu kin BH theo ngha v chnh
o Cc iu kin BH vn s dng ting Anh c
o p dng SG Form
o Ri ro mt kh nng ti chnh ca ch tu v cp
bin khng c ni trong cc iu kin BH gc

Ra i ICC 1982: A, B, C, WR, SRCChiu lc 1/1/1983

Vit Nam
QTC 1965: FPA, WA, AR
QTC 1990: A, B, C

5.8 Trch nhim ca ngi BH

5.8.1. V ri ro v tn tht
5.8.1.1 iu kin bo him C

8 trng hp BH + chi ph BH + ri ro loi tr

-

Bi thng nhng mt mt, h hng do:

Chy hoc n
Tu hoc x lan b mc cn, m hoc lt p
Tu m va nhau hoc m va phi bt k vt
th g khng k nc
Nm hng xung bin
Tu v hng mt tch
D hng ti cng lnh nn
Phng tin vn chuyn b lt hoc trt
bnh
Hy sinh GA

Bi thng cc tn tht v chi ph sau (5)

GA v chi ph cu nn
Chi ph d hng, lu kho bi v gi tip hng ti
cng dc ng do hu qu ca mt ri ro thuc
HBH
- Chi ph ring
- Chi ph gim nh hoc xc nh tn tht
- Phn trch nhim m ngi c BH phi chu
theo iu khan Hai tu m va nhau cng c
li (Both to blame collision clause)
-

Ri ro loi tr: tuyt i, tng i

Loi tr tuyt i
Loi tr tng i
Vic lm xu, c ca ngi c BH
- chin tranh, ni chin, cch mng
Thit hi m chm tr l nguyn nhn trc tip
- nh cng, bo ng, ri lon lao ng,
Tu hoc x lan khng kh nng i bin
- chim bt gi, kim ch (tr cp bin)
hoc phng tin vn chuyn, container khng
- s dng v kh chin tranh c dng nng lng
thch hp vi vic chuyn ch hng ha m
nguyn t ht nhn
ngi c BH hoc ngi lm cng cho h
- khng b v ng c chnh tr
bit iu vo thi im xp hng ln tu
- khuyt tt vn c hoc tnh cht c bit ca
Ch tu mt kh nng v ti chnh
hng
Bao b khng y khng thch hp
- hnh ng c (tr iu kin A)
Hao ht t nhin, r chy thng thng
Xp hng qu ti hoc sai quy nh

5.8.1.2- iu kin bo him B

= iu kin bo him C + thit hi, chi ph do cc ri ro sau gy ra:

-

ng t, ni la phun, st nh
nc cun khi tu
nc bin hoc nc sng h chy vo tu, x lan, hm hng, phng tin vn chuyn, container hoc ni
cha hng
tn tht tan b ca bt k mt kin hng no do ri khi tu hoc ri khi ang xp hng ln hoc d
hng khi tu, x lan

5.8.1.3 iu kin bo him A

= iu kin bo him B + ri ro ph

ri ro loi tr ging nh B v C tr ri ro: hnh ng c ca bt k ngi no

ri ro ph:
Hnh ng c hoc ph hoi gy ra
Trm cp v/hoc khng giao hng

- H hi do nc mn, nc ngt, hp hi, nng v ng hi nc

- Va p phi hng ha khc
- G, xi ha
- V, bp, cong, vnh
- R r v/hoc thiu ht hng ha
- Dy bn do du v/hoc m
5.8.2- trch nhim ca ngoi BH v mt khng gian v thi gian
iu khan t kho ti kho (from warehouse to warehouse, transit clause)
Trch nhim ca ngi BH bt u t khi hng ha BH ri kho hoc ni cha hng ti a im ghi trn hp
ng BH, c hiu lc trong sut qu trinh vn chuyn binh thng v trch nhim kt thc khi hng ha giao
vo kho n hoc ht hn 60 ngy k t khi hng ha d ra ti cng n, tu theo trng hp no xy ra trc

nh ngha kho (kho i v kho n)

- Kho i: kho cha hng ti a im ghi trn HBH
-

Kho n:
kho cha hng cui cng ghi trn HBH
ni phn phi hng trc khi ti ni n cui cng
ni cha hng ngoi hnh trnh vn chuyn binh thng
- Thi gian 60 ngy
Trong thi hn BH, nu c chm tr ngoi kim sot ca ngi c BH (tu chch h ng, d hng bt
buc, chuyn ti, thay i hnh trnh) bo ngi BH & np ph BH
Quy nh ca Anh ?
Hnh trnh c chng ng b v sng ?
Hnh trnh c chng ng khng ?

5.8.3 iu kin BH chin tranh (War clauses cargo)

Ri ro c BH:.
bi thng nhng tn tht l hu qu trc tip ca chin tranh
Ri ro loi tr?
Thi hn BH: trn bin
Hng xp ln tu hng d khi tu hoc ht hn 15 ngy k t na m ngy tu n cng
Trng hp c bit trong thi hn BH:
- Ti cng cui hng khng c d v i tip?
- Tu gh cng dc ng chuyn ti hoc d hng
- Ri ro: v kh chin tranh, BH m rng thi hn BH
5.8.4- iu kin BH nh cng (SRCC: strikes, riots, civil commotion)
ri ro c BH:
ch bi thng tn tht l hu qu trc tip ca nh cng
Thi hn BH: ging cc iu kin BH gc
5.8.5- mua BH ng cho hng ha
Xem xt phm vi cc iu kin BH
Tnh cht, c im hng ha
Cch thc ng gi, loi bao b
Cch thc xp hng ln tu
Qung ng vn chuyn
Kh nng xp d
Tp qun ca cng lin quan

 Phng tin vn ti
Hnh trnh vn ti
5.9- Hp ng BH
5.9.1- nh ngha
L vn bn c k gia ngi BH v ngi c BH theo ngi BH thu ph BH do ngi c BH tr v ngi c
BH c ngi BH bi thng tn tht ca i tng BH do cc him ha hng hi gy ra theo mc v iu kin
tha thun vi ngi BH
5.9.2- tnh cht (3)

Hp ng bi thng (contract of indemnity)

Hp ng tn nhim (contract of goodfaith)
Chng t c th chuyn nhng (negotiable)

5.9.3- cc loi HBH

Hp ng BH chuyn (voyage policy)
Hp ng BH bao (open policy, open cover, floating policy) u im ?
Hp ng BH nh gi (valued policy) u nhc im ?
Hp ng BH khng nh gi (unvalued policy)
5.9.4- Gi tr BH, s tin BH, ph BH
5.9.4.1- gi tr BH (insurable value, insured value) V
V = gi tr hng (C = FOB) + cc ph (F) + ph BH (I) + cc chi ph khc = CIF
C+F
V = ----------------1R
C+F
V = -------------- x (1 + a)
1R
5.9.4.2- s tin BH (amount insured) A
A l mt phn V. V mt nguyn tc A lun nh hn hoc bng V
Nu A ln hn V ?
V d: V = 10.000 USD, A = 8.000 USD, tn tht 4.000 USD, ch hng c bi thng ?
V = 10.000 USD, A = 12.000 USD, tn tht 4.000 USD, ch hng c bi thng ?
5.9.4.3- ph BH (premium) I
I tnh trn c s R v V
C+F
I = R x V =R x ---------1-R
5.10- Gim nh v bi thng tn tht
5.10.1- gim nh tn tht
Vic lm ca cc chuyn gia gim nh ca ngi BH hoc ca cng ty gim nh c ngi BH y
quyn nhm xc nh:
-mc
-nguyn nhn ca tn tht
Nu cng ty BH khng n gim nh hoc chm tr gii quyt th no ?
Thi gian yu cu gim nh:
-Tn tht r rt: yu cu gim nh ngay
-Tn tht khng r rt: 60 ngy k t ngy d hng

 Chng th gim nh:

- Bin bn gim nh (survey report)
- Giy chng nhn gim nh (certificate)
5.10.2- bi thng tn tht
A- nguyn tc (4):
bi thng bng tin
trch nhim ca ngi BH ch gii hn A hay V nhng nu cng cc chi ph pht sinh > A hay V
vn bi thng
ngi BH khu tr cc khon i t ngi th 3 hoc thu nhp bn hng
th quyn ngi c BH i ngi th 3
B- cch tnh tan bi thng
tn tht ton b: TTTB thc t & TTTB c tnh
tn tht b phn:
A
Bi thng = --------- x (V V1)
V
V: tng gi tr hng ha khi cn nguyn vn
V1: tng gi tr hng ha sau khi xy ra tn tht
C th:
- Nu bin bn gim nh ghi mc tn tht m%
Bi thng: A x m%
-Nu bin bn gim nh ghi s trng lng hng ha h hng
T2
Bi thng: -------- x A
T1
- tnh ton phn b GA (3 bc)
L
Bc 1: xc nh: ch s chu phn b = ------CV
Bc 2: tnh gi tr ng gp ca mi quyn li
C = ch s chu phn b x gi tr chu phn b
Bc 3: tnh s tin phi ng vo hoc nhn v
-Tr gi cc quyn li
Tu:
9,15 triuUSD
Hng A:
0,6
Hng B:
2,5
Hng C:
3
Hng D:
2
Hng E:
0,5
Cc ph:
0,05
-Tn tht dc ng
Tu: v tu: 0,2 triuUSD
my tu: 0,05
vt phm, lng: 0,045
Hng A:
0,6 do t
Hng E:
0,5 do b nm xung bin
- Tnh tan GA theo 3 bc

-bc 1:
0,05 + 0,5 + 0,045
x = --------------------------------------------- = 0,35
9,15-0,2 + 2,5 + 3 + 2 + 0,5 + 0,05
-bc 2:
-bc 3:
5.10.3- khiu ni i bi thng
5.10.3.1- thi hn : 24 thng hoc 9 thng
5.10.3.2- b h s
Phi chng minh c (4):
- hng mua BH
- tn tht do ri ro c BH gy ra
- mc tn tht v s tin i bi thng
- m bo quyn khiu ni ngi th 3

Cc iu kin bo him ca Anh (1.1.1982

iu kin bo him A

iu kin bo him B

iu kin bo him C
Nhng ri ro c bo him

1. iu khon ri ro: Loi

tr nhng ri ro qui nh
trong cc iu 4, 5, 6 v 7
di y, bo him ny bo
him mi ri ro v mt mt
hoc h hng xy ra vi i
tng c bo him.
2. iu khon tn tht chung
Bo him ny bo him cc
chi ph tn tht chung v cu
h chi ra nhm trnh hoc
c lin quan ti vic trnh
khi tn tht do bt k nguyn
nhn no, loi tr nhng
nguyn nhn qui nh trong
cc iu khon 4, 5, 6 v 7 hay
nhng iu khc trong hp
ng bo him ny. Cc chi
ph ny c tnh ton hoc
xc nh theo hp ng
chuyn ch v /hoc theo lut
php v tp qun hin hnh.
3. iu khon Tu m va
nhau hai bn cng c li
Hp ng bo him ny c
m rng bi thng cho
ngi c bo him phn
trch nhim theo iu khon
hai tu m va nhau hai bn
cng c li trong hp ng
chuyn ch co lin quan ti
mt tn tht thuc phm vi bi
thng ca bo him ny.
Trng hp Ch tu khiu ni
theo iu khon ni trn th
Ngi c bo him phi
thng bo cho Ngi bo him
l ngi c quyn bo v
Ngi c bo him i vi
khiu ni v t chu mi
ph tn.

1. iu khon ri ro: Loi

tr nhng ri ro qui nh trong
cc iu khon 4, 5, 6 v 7
di y, bo him ny bo
him.

1. iu khon ri ro: Loi tr

nhng ri ro qui nh trong
cc iu khon 4, 5, 6 v 7
di y, bo him ny bo
him

1.1. Mt mt hoc h hng

xy ra cho i tng c bo
him c th qui hp l do.

1.1. Mt mt hoc h hng

xy ra cho i tng c bo
him c th qui hp l cho

1.1.1. Chy hay n

1.1.1. Chy hay n

1.1.2. Tu hay thuyn b mc

cn, m hoc lt

1.1.2. Tu hay thuyn b mc

can, m hoc lt

1.1.3. Phng tin vn chuyn

ng b b lt hoc trt
bnh

1.1.3. Phng tin vn chuyn

ng b b lt hoc trt
bnh

1.1.4. Tu, thuyn hay phng

tin vn chuyn m va hoc
va chm vi bt k vt th no
bn ngoi, khng k nc.

1.1.4. Tu, thuyn hay phng

tin vn chuyn am va hoc
va chm vi bt k vt th no
bn ngoi, khng k nc.

1.1.5. D hng ti mt cng

ni tu gp nn

1.1.5. D hng ti mt cng

ni tu gp nn

1.1.6. ng t, ni la phun
hoc st nh

1.2. i tng bo him b

mt mt hoc h hng do
nhng nguyn nhn:

1.2. i tng bo him b

mt mt hoc h hng do
nhng nguyn nhn:

1. 2..2. Nm hng khi tu.

1.2.1. Hy sinh tn tht chung

2. iu khon tn tht chung

1.2.2. Nm hng khi tu hoc

hng b nc cun tri khi
tu

Bo him ny bo him cc
chi ph tn tht chung v cu
h chi ra nhm trnh hoc
c lin quan ti vic trnh khi
tn tht do bt k nguyn nhn
no, loi tr nhng nguyn
nhn qui nh cc iu
khon 4, 5, 6 v 7 hay nhng
iu khc trong hp ng bo
him ny. Cc chi ph ny
c tnh ton hoc xc nh
theo hp ng chuyn ch v/
hoc theo lut php v tp
qun hin hnh.

1.2.3. Nc bin, nc sng

hay nc h trn vo tu,
thuyn, hm hng, phng
tin vn chuyn cng ten n
hoc ni ca hng.

Loi tr bo him
4. iu khon loi tr chung
Trong bt k trng hp no
bo him ny s khng bo
him cho:
4.1. Mt mt, h hng hay chi

1. 2.1. Hy sinh tn tht chung

1.3. Tn tht ton b bt k

kin hng no ri khi tu
hoc ri trong khi ang xp
hng ln, hay ang d khi tu
hoc thuyn.
2. iu khon tn tht chung

3. iu khon "Tu m va
nhau hai bn cng c li"

Bo him ny bo him cc

Bo him ny c m rng

ph c qui cho hnh vi xu

c ca Ngi c bo
him.
4.2. i tng c bo him
b r chy thng thng, hao
ht trng lng hoc gim th
tch thng thng hoc hao
mn thng thng.
4.3. Mt mt h hng hoc chi
ph gy ra do vic ng gi
hoc chun b cho i tng
c bo him cha y
hoc khng thch hp (theo
ch ca iu 4.3 ny vic
ng gi phi c coi nh
bao gm c vic xp hng vo
container hoc kin g
nhng ch khi no vic xp
hng c thc hin trc
khi hp ng ny c hiu lc
hoc tin hnh bi Ngi
c bo him hoc nhng
ngi lm cng cho h).
4.3. Mt mt h hng hay chi
ph gy ra bi khuyt tt vn
c hoc tnh cht ring ca i
tng c bo him.
4.5. Mt mt h hng hay chi
ph trc tip gy ra bi chm
tr ngay c khi chm tr do
mt ri ro c bo him gy
ra (tr nhng chi ph c chi
tr theo iu 2 k trn)

chi ph tn tht chung v cu

h chi ra nhm trnh hoc
c lin quan ti vic trnh
khi tn tht do bt k nguyn
nhn no, loi tr nhng
nguyn nhn qui nh cc
iu khon 4, 5, 6 v 7 hay
nhng iu khc trong hp
ng bo him ny. Cc chi
ph ny c tnh ton hoc
xc nh theo hp ng
chuyn ch v/ hoc theo lut
php v tp qun hin hnh.
3. iu khon Tu m va
nhau hai bn cng c li

Loi tr bo him
Hp ng bo him ny c
m rng bi thng cho
Ngi c bo him phn
trch nhim theo iu khon
tu m va nhau hai bn cng
c li trong hp ng chuyn
ch c lin quan ti mt tn
tht thuc phm vi bi thng
ca hp ng bo him ny.
Trng hp Ch tu khiu ni
theo iu khon ni trn th
Ngi c bo him phi
thong bo cho Ngi bo him
l ngi c quyn bo v
Ngi c bo him i vi
khiu ni v t chu mi
ph tn.
Loi tr bo him
4. iu khon loi tr chung

4.6. Mt mt h hng hay chi

ph pht sinh t tnh trng
khng tr c n hoc thiu
thn v ti chnh ca ngi
Ch tu, ngi qun l, ngii
thu hoc ngi iu hnh tu.
4.7. Mt mt h hng hay chi
ph pht sinh t vic s dng
bt k mt loi v kh chin
trang g c s dng nng
lng nguyn t, ht nhn v/
hoc phn ng ht nhn,
phng x hoc tng t.
5. iu khon loi tr tu

bi thng cho Ngi c

bo him phn trch nhim
theo iu khon "Tu m v
nhau hai bn cng c li
trong hp ng chuyn ch c
lin quan ti mt tn tht
thuc phm vi bi thng ca
bo him ny. Trng hp Ch
tu khiu ni theo iu khon
ni trn, Ngi c bo him
phi thng bo cho Ngi bo
him l ngi c quyn bo v
Ngi c bo him i vi
khiu ni v t chu mi
ph tn.

Trong bt c trng hp no
bo him ny s khng bo
him cho:
4.1. Mt mt, h hng hay chi
ph c qui cho hnh vi xu
c ca Ngi c bo him
4.2. i tng c bo him
b r chy thng thng, hao
ht trng lng hoc gim th
tch thng thng hoc hao
mn thng thng.
4.3. Mt mt h hng hoc chi

4. iu khon loi tr chung

Trong bt k trng hp no
bo him ny s khng bo
him cho:
4.1. Mt mt, h hng hay chi
ph c qui cho hnh vi xu
c ca Ngi c bo him
4.2. i tng c bo him
b r chy thng thng, hao
ht trng lng hoc gim th
tch thng thng hoc hao
mn thng thng
4.3. Mt mt h hng hoc chi
ph gy ra do vic ng gi
hoc chun b cho i tng
c bo him cha y
hoc khng thch hp) theo
ch ca iu 4.3 ny vic
ng gi phi c coi nh
bao gm c vic xp hng vo
container hoc kin g
nhng ch khi no vic xp
hng c thc hin trc
khi hp ng bo him ny c
hiu lc hoc c tin hnh
bi Ngi c bo him hoc
nhng ngi lm cng cho h)
4.4. Mt mt h hng hay chi
ph gy ra bi khuyt tt vn
c hoc tnh cht ring ca i

khng kh nng i bin

v khng thch hp cho vic
chuyn ch.
5.1. Trong bt k trng hp
no bo him ny cng s
khng bo him cho nhng
mt mt h hng hoc chi ph
gy ra bi.
- Tu hoc thuyn khng
kh nng i bin.- Tu,
thuyn, phng tin vn
chuyn container hoc kin g
khng thch hp cho vic
chuyn ch an ton i tng
c bo him. Nu Ngi
uc bo him hoc nhng
ngi lm cng cho h c
bit v trng thi khng
kh nng i bin hoc khng
thch hp vo thi gian i
tng c bo him c
xp vo cc phng tin trn.
5.2. Ngi bo him b qua
mi trng hp vi phm
nhng cam kt ng tu
kh nng i bin v thch hp
cho vic chuyn ch i tng
c bo him ti ni n, tr
khi Ngi c bo him
hoc ngi lm cng cho h
c bit rieng v trng thi
khng kh nng i bin hay
khng thch hp .
6. iu khon loi tr chin
tranh
Trong bt k trng hp no
bo him ny s khong bo
him cho nhng mt mt h
hng hoc chi ph gy ra bi
6.1. Chin tranh, ni chin,
cch mng, ni lon, khi
ngha hoc xung t dn s
pht sinh t nhng bin c ,
hoc bt k hnh ng th
ch no gy ra hoc chng li
bn tham chin
6.2. Bt gi, tch thu, kim ch

ph pht sinh do vic ng gi

hoc chun b cho i tng
c bo him cha y
hoc khng thch hp (theo
ch ca iu 4.3 ny vic
ng gi s c coi l bao
gm c vic xp hng vo
container hoc kin g
nhng ch khi no vic xp
hng c thc hin trc
khi hp ng ny c hiu lc
hoc tin hnh bi Ngi
c bo him hoc nhng
ngi lm cng cho h)
4.4. Mt mt h hng hay chi
ph pht sinh do khuyt tt vn
c tnh cht ring ca i
tng c bo him
4.5. Mt mt h hng hay chi
ph trc tip gy ra do chm
tr, ngay c khi chm tr do
mt ri ro c bo him gy
ra (tr nhng chi ph c chi
tr theo iu 2 k trn)
4.6. Mt mt h hng hay chi
ph pht sinh t tnh trng
khng tr c n hoc thiu
thn v ti chnh ca
Ch tu, ngi qun l, ngi
thu hoc ngui iu hnh tu
4.7. H hi hoc ph hy do
c gy ra cho i tng bo
him hay mt b phn bt k
ca i tng bo him do
hnh ng sai tri ca bt k
ngi no.
4.8. Mt mt h hng hay chi
ph pht sinh t vic s dng
bt k mt loi v kh chin
tranh g c s dng nng
lng nguyn t, ht nhn
v/hoc phn ng ht nhn,
phng x hoc tng t.
5. iu khon loi tr tu
khng kh nng i bin
v khng thch hp cho vic
chuyn ch

tng c bo him.
4.5. Mt mt h hng hay chi
ph trc tip gy ra bi chm
tr ngay c khi chm tr do
mt ri ro c bo him gy
ra (tr nhng chi ph c chi
tr theo iu 2 k trn)
4.6. Mt mt h hng hay chi
ph pht sinh t tnh trng
khng tr c n hoc thiu
thn v ti chnh ca Ch tu,
ngi qun l, ngi thu
hoc ngi iu hnh tu.
4.7. H hi hoc ph hy do
c gy ra cho i tng bo
him hay mt b phn bt k
ca i tng do hnh ng
sai tri ca bt k ngi no.
4.8. Mt mt h hng hay chi
ph pht sinh t vic s dng
bt k mt loi v kh chin
tranh g c s dng nng
lng nguyn t, phn ht
nhn v/ hoc phn ng ht
nhn, phng x hoc tng t.
5. iu khon loi tr tu
khng kh nng i bin
v khng thch hp cho vic
chuyn ch
5.1.Trong bt k trng hp
no bo him ny s khng
bo him cho nhng mt mt
h hng hoc chi ph gy ra
bi
- Tu hoc thuyn khng
kh nng i bin
- Tu, thuyn, phng tin vn
chuyn container hoc kin g
khng thch hp cho vic
chuyn ch an ton i tng
c bo him,
Nu ngi c bao him
hoc nhng ngi lm cng
cho h c bit ring tnh
trng khng kh nng i

hay cm gi (loi tr cp
bin) v hu qu ca nhng
hnh ng hoc bt k mu
toan no nhm thc hin
nhng hnh vi .

5.1. Trong bt c trng hp

no bo him ny s khng
bo him cho nhng mt mt
h hng hoc chi ph gy ra
bi

6.3. Mn, thy li, bom hoc

nhng v kh chin tranh
hoang ph khc.

- Tu hoc thuyn khng

kh nng i bin.

7. iu khon loi tr nh
cng
Trong bt c trng hp no
bo him ny cng khng bo
him cho nhng mt mt h
hi hoc chi ph
7.1. Gy ra bi nhng ngi
nh cng, cng nhn b cm
xng hoc nhng ngi tham
gia gy ri lao ng, no lon
hoc bo ng dn s
7.2. Hu qu ca nh cng,
cm xng, gy ri lao ng,
no lon hoc bo ng dn s
7.3. Gy ra bi bt k k
khng b hoc bt k ngi
no hnh ng v ng c
chnh tr.

- Tu, thuyn, phng tin vn

chuyn container hoc kin g
khng thch hp cho vic
chuyn ch an ton i tng
c bo him, nu Ngi
c bo him hoc nhng
ngi lm cng cho h c
bit ring v trng thi khng
kh nng i bin hoc
khng thch hp vo thi
gian i tng c bo him
uc xp vo cc phng tin
trn.
5..2. Ngui bo him b qua
mi trng hp vi phm
nhng cam kt ng tu
kh nng i bin v thch hp
cho vic chuyn ch i tng
c bo him ti ni n tr
khi Ngi c bo him
hoc ngi lm cng cho h
c bit ring v trng thi
khng kh nng i bin hay
khng thch hp .
6. iu khon loi tr chin
tranh
Trong bt k trng hp no
bo him ny s khng bo
him cho nhng mt mt h
hng hoc chi ph gy ra bi

bin hoc khng thch hp

vo thi gian i tng c
bo him c xp vo cc
phng tin trn.
5.2. Ngi bo him b qua
mi trng hp vi phm
nhng cam kt ng tu
kh nng i bin v thch hp
cho vic chuyn ch i tng
c bo him ti ni n tr
khi Ngi c bo him hoc
ngi lm cng cho h c
bit ring v tnh trng khng
kh nng i bin hay khng
thch hp .
6. iu khon loi tr chin
tranh
Trong bt k trng hp no
bo him ny s khng bo
him cho nhng mt mt h
hng hoc chi ph gy ra bi
6.1. Chin tranh, ni chin,
cch mng, ni lon, khi
ngha hoc xung t dn s
pht sinh t nhng bin c ,
hoc bt k hnh ng th
ch no gy ra hoc chng li
bn tham chin
6.2 Bt gi, tch thu, kim ch
hay cm gi v hu qu ca
nhng s vic hoc bt k
mu toan no nhm thc hin
nhng hnh vi .
6.3. Mn, thy li, bom hoc
nhng v kh chin tranh
hoang ph khc.

6.1. Chin tranh, ni chin,

cch mng, ni loan, khi
ngha hoc xung t dn s
pht sinh t nhng bin c ,
hoc bt k hnh ng th
ch no gy ra hoc chng li
bn tham chin

7. iu khon loi tr nh
cng

6.2. Bt gi, tch thu, kim ch

hay cm gi v hu qu ca
nhng s vic hoc bt k

7.1. Gy ra bi nhng ngi

nh cng, cng nhn b cm
xng hoc nhng ngi tham

Trong bt k trng hp no
bo him ny s khng bo
him cho nhng mt mt h
hng hoc chi ph

mu toan no nhm thc hin

nhng hnh vi .

gia gy ri lao ng no lon

hoc bo ng dn s

6.3. Mn, thy li, bom hoc

nhng v kh chin tranh
hoang ph khc.

7.2. Hu qu ca nh cng,
cm xng, gy ri lao ng,
no lon hoc bo ng dn s

7. iu khon loi tr nh
cng

7.3. Gy ra bi bt k k
khng b hoc bt k ngi
no hnh ng v ng c
chnh tr.

Trong bt k trng hp no
bo him ny s khng bo
him cho nhng mt mt h
hng hoc chi ph.
7.1. Gy ra bi nhng ngi
nh cng, cng nhn b cm
xng hoc nhng ngi tham
gia gy ri lao ng, no lon
hoc bo ng dn s
7.2. Hu qu ca nh cng,
cm xng, gy ri lao ng,
no lon hoc bo ng dn s
7.3. Gy ra bi bt k k
khng b hoc bt k ngi
no hnh ng v ng c
chnh tr

Cc iu khon chung cho

cc iu kin bo him A- BC
1. iu khon vn chuyn
1.1.Bo him ny bt u c
hiu lc k t khi hng ri
khi cho hay ni cha hng ti
a im c tn ghi trong n
bo him bt u vn
chuyn, tip tc c hiu lc
trong qu trnh vn chuyn
bnh thng v kt thc hiu
lc ti mt trong nhgn thi
im sau y, ty theo trng
hp no xy ra trc hoc.
a. Khi giao hng vo kho
ngi nhn hng hay kho,
hoc ni ca hng cui cng
khc ti ni n c tn trong
n bo him
b. Khi giao hng vo bt k
mt kho hay ni cha hng
no khc, d trc khi ti hay
ti ni n c tn ghi trong
n bo him m Ngi c
bo him chn dng hoc
* cha hng ngoi qu
trnh vn chuyn bnh thng
hoc
* chia hay phn phi hng
hoc
c. Khi ht hn 60 ngy sau khi
hon thnh vic d hng ha
bo him khi tu bin ti
cng d hng cui cng

1..2. Nu sau khi hng d khi

tu bin ti cng d hng cui
cng, nhng trc khi kt thc
thi hn bo him, hng ha
c gi ti mt ni khc ni
n ghi trong n bo him,
bo him ny trong khi gi
nguyn hiu lc theo qui nh
kt thc ni trn s khng m
rng gii hn qu lc bt u
vn chuyn ti mt ni n
khc .
1.3. Bo him ny s gi
nguyn hiu lc (ph thuc
qui nh kt thc ni trn v
qui nh trong iu 2 di
y) trong khi b chm tr
ngoi kh nng kim sot ca
Ngi c bo him, tu
chy chch hng bt k, d
hng bt buc, xp li hng
hoc chuyn ti v khi c bt
k thay i no v hnh trnh
pht sinh t vic thc hin mt
quyn t do m hp ng
chuyn ch dnh cho Ch
tu hoc Ngi thu tu.
2. iu khon kt thc hp
ng vn chuyn
Nu do nhng tnh hung
ngoi kh nng kim sot ca
Ngi c bo him m hp
ng vn chuyn kt thc ti
mt cng hay mt ni khc ni
n c tn ghi trong hp ng
vn chuyn hoc vic vn
chuyn c kt thc theo mt
cch khc trc khi giao hng
nh qui nh ca iu 8 trn
y, bo him ny cng s kt
thc, tr khi Ngi c bo
him thng bo ngay cho
Ngi bo him yu cu tip
tc bo him khi bo him vn
cn hiu lc, vi iu kin
phi np thm ph bo him
nu Ngi bo him yu cu,
hoc
2.1. Cho ti khi hng c bn
v giao ti cng hay a im
, hoc tr khi c tha thun

ring khc, cho ti khi ht hn

60 ngy sau khi hng c bo
him n cng hay i im
, ty theo trng hp no
xy ra trc, hoc
2.2. Nu hng ha c gi i
trong thi hn 60 ngy ni trn
(hoc bt k thi hn m rng
no tha thun) ti ni n
c tn ghi trong n ba him
hay ti bt k ni n no
khc cho ti khi kt thc bo
him theo nhng qui nh ca
iu 8 k trn.
3. iu khon thay i hnh
trnh
Sau khi bo him ny bt u
c hiu lc nu Ngi c
bo him thay i ni n th
bo him ny vn gi nguyn
hiu lc vi iu kin Ngi
c bo him phi thng bo
ngay cho Ngi bo him bit
vi chi ph bo him v nhng
iu kin c tha thun.
4. iu khon quyn li bo
him
4.1. c th i bi thng
theo n bo him ny Ngi
c bo him cn phi c
quyn li bo him i vi i
tng c bo him vo thi
gian xy ra tn tht
4.2. Tun theo iu 4.1 trn
y Ngi c bo him s
c quyn i bi thng cho
nhng tn tht c bo him
xy ra trong thi gian bo
him ny c hiu lc cho d
tn tht xy ra trc khi
hp ng bo him c k
kt, tr khi Ngi c bo
him bit v tn tht v
Ngi bo him cha bit.
5. iu khon chi ph gi
hng

Nu do hu qu ca mt ri ro
c bo him m hnh trnh
c bo him li kt thc ti
mt cng hoc mt ni khng
phi ni n c tn ghi trong
n bo him th Ngi bo
him s hon trae cho Ngi
c bo him mi khon chi
ph pht sinh thm mt cch
hp l v tha ng d
hng, lu kho v gi hng ti
ni n thuc phm vi bo
him ca hp ng ny.
iu 12 ny khng p dng
cho tn tht chung hoc chi
ph cu h v phi tun theo
nhng im loi tr trong cc
iu 4, 5, 6 v 7 k trn v
khng bao gm nhng chi ph
pht sinh t hnh vi sai lm,
bt cn v t tnh trng khng
tr c n hoc thiu thn v
ti chnh ca Ngi c bo
him hay nhng ngi lm
cng cho h.
6. iu khon tn tht ton
b c tnh
Bo him ny khng bi
thng cho cc khiu ni v
tn tht ton b c tnh tr
khi i tng c bo him
b t b mt cch hp l nu
xt thy khng th trnh khi
tn tht ton b thc t hoc
do chi ph phc hi, tu b li
v gi hng ti ni n thuc
phm vi bo him s vt qu
gi tr hng ti ni n.
7. iu khon gi tr tng
thm
7.1. Nu Ngi c bo him
k kt bt k hp ng bo
him gi tr tng thm no cho
hng ha c bo him
ny bo him th gi tr tha
thun ca hng ha c xem
nh c bo him ny bo
him thuc bo him ny cng
vi s tin bo him ca cc
hp ng bo him gi tr tng

thm cng vo him tn tht

v trch nhim thuc phm
vi bo him ny s c tnh
theo t l gia s tin bo
him ca hp ng bo him
ny v tng s tin bo him
ni ti.
Trng hp c khiu ni,
Ngi c bo him phi
cung cp cho Ngi bo him
bng chng v nhng s tin
bo him thuc tt c cc Hp
ng bo him khc.
7.2. Trng hp bo him ny
bo him gi tr tng thm th
s p dng iu khon sau:
Gi tr tha thun ca hng
ha s c xem nh ngang
bng vi tng s tin ba him
ca hp ng bo him gc v
ca tt c cc hp ng bo
him gi tr tng thm m
Ngi c bo him thc
hin cng bo him cho tn
tht v trch nhim thuc
phm vi bo him ny s c
tnh theo t l gia s tin bo
him ca hp ng bo him
ny v tng s tin bo him
ni ti.
Trng hp c khiu nai,
Ngi c bo him phi
cung cp cho Ngi bo him
bng chng v nhng s tin
ba him thuc tt c cc bo
him khc.
8. iu khon khng p
dng
Bo him ny s khng p
dng i vi quyn li ca
ngi chuyn ch hay ngi
nhn k gi hng ha no
khc.
9. iu khon ngha v ca
Ngi c bo him
Ngha v ca Ngi c bo

him, nhng ngi lm cng

v i l ca h i vi cc
tn tht thuc phm vi ca bo
him ny l:
9.1. Phi thc hin mi bin
php c th coi l hp l nhm
mc ch ngn nga hoc
gim nh tn tht v
9.2. Phi bo lu v thc hin
cc quyn khiu ni i vi
ngi chuyn ch, ngi nhn
k gi hng ha hay ngi th
ba khc v Ngi bo him
ngoi trch nhim i vi
nhng tn tht thuc phm vi
bi thng ca bo him ny
s hon tr cho Ngi c
bo him bt k chi ph no
chi ra mt cch hp l v tha
ng thc hin ngha v
ny.
10. iu khon t b
Mi bin php do Ngi c
bo him hoc Ngi bo
him thc hin nhm mc ch
cu vt, bo v hoc khi
phc li i tng c bo
him s khng c coi nh
s t b hoc s chp nhn t
b hoc v mt khc lm tn
hi n cc quyn li ca mi
bn.
11. iu khon khn trng
hp l
iu kin ca bo him ny l
Ngi c bo him phi
hnh ng mt cch khn
trng hp l trong mi tnh
hung thuc kh nng kim
sot ca h.
12. iu khon lut php v
tp qun Anh
Bo him ny tun theo lut
php v tp qun Anh.

Nhng ri ro c bo him
Nhng ri ro c bo him