Chapter 4 Methods of Analysis of Resistive Circuits

Exercises
Ex 4.3-1

KCL at a:

KCL at b:

va
3

va vb

vb va
2

+ 3 = 0 5 v a 3 v b = 18

3 1 = 0 vb v a = 8

Solving these equations gives:

va = 3 V and vb = 11 V

Ex 4.3-2
KCL at a:

va
4

va vb
2

+ 3 = 0 3 v a 2 v b = 12

KCL at a:

vb
3

va vb
2

4 = 0 3 v a + 5 v b = 24

Solving:
va = -4/3 V and vb = 4 V

Ex. 4.4-1 2 +

Ex. 4.4-2

vb + 10 vb
+
= 5 vb = 30 V and va = 40 V
20
30

(vb + 8) ( 12 ) + vb
10

40

= 3 vb = 8 V and va = 16 V

Ex 4.5-1 Apply KCL at node a to express ia as a function of the node voltages. Substitute the result into

vb = 4 ia and solve for vb .

9 + vb
vb = 4
vb = 4.5 V
12

43

Ex. 4.5-2 : The controlling voltage of the dependent source is a node voltage so it is already expressed as a
function of the node voltages. Apply KCL ate node a.

va 6 va 4 va
+
= 0 va = 2 V
20
15

Ex. 4.6-1

Mesh equations:

12 + 6 i1 + 3 (i1 i 2 ) 8 = 0 9 i1 3 i 2 = 20
8 3 (i1 i 2 ) + 6 i 2 = 0 3 i1 + 9 i 2 = 8

Solving these equations gives:

i1 =

13
1
A and i 2 = A
6
6

The voltage measured by the meter is 6 i2 = -1 V.

Ex 4.7-1

3
=0
4
The voltmeter measures 3 i = 4 V

Mesh equation: 9 + 3 i + 2 i + 4 i +

( 3 + 2 + 4 ) i = 9 3

i=

12
A
9

44

Ex 4.7-2

Mesh equation: 15 + 3 i + 6 (i + 3) = 0

(3 + 6 ) i = 15 6 (3)

i=

33
2
= 6 A
9
3

Ex 4.7-3

3
3
= i1 i 2 i1 = + i 2 .
4
4
3

Apply KVL to the supermesh: 9 + 4i1 + 3 i 2 + 2 i 2 = 0 4 + i 2 + 5 i 2 = 9 9 i 2 = 6

4

2
4
so i 2 =
A and the voltmeter reading is 2 i 2 = V
3
3

Express the current source current in terms of the mesh currents:

Ex 4.7-4

Express the current source current in terms of the mesh currents: 3 = i1 i 2

Apply KVL to the supermesh: 15 + 6 i1 + 3 i 2 = 0
Finally, i 2 =

i1 = 3 + i 2 .

6 (3 + i 2 ) + 3 i 2 = 15 9 i 2 = 3

1
A is the current measured by the ammeter.
3

45

Ex. 4.7-5
v ab = 5i + 5i = 10i

1 6

P m otor = v ab i =10i 2 = 150

i=

15 A

11064 159 V

v ab =

i2 =

v ab

15

A
100
10
v ab v s
KCL at a :
5 + i2 + i = 0

vs =

31

15 = 60.03 V

Ex. 4.7-6

116

i1 = 12 A
KVL supermesh:

4i 2 + 8i 3 + 28 i 3 12 = 0

16 16

also: 2i = i 3 i 2

Solving 1 3 yields i 3 = 9A

Ex. 4.8-1

12 6
136

i = 12 9 = 3 A

(a) Nodal analysis since the other node is known (= v s );

thus only need one node equation at a.
(b) Nodal analysis since when the circuit is redrawn
(shown below), only one node equation at v a is required
Mesh analysis would require
4 mesh currents
4 unknows.

46

Problems
Section 4-3 Node Voltage Analysis of Circuits with Current Sources

P4.3-1
KCL at node 1:

0=

v1
8

v1 v 2
6

4 4 2
+
+ i = 1.5 + i i = 1.5 A
8
6

+i =

P 4.3-2
KCL at node 1:

v1 v 2
20

KCL at node 2:

v1 v 2

+2=

20

v1

+1 = 0

v2 v3
10

5 v1 v 2 = 20

v1 + 3 v 2 2 v 3 = 40

KCL at node 3:

v2 v3
10

+1 =

v3
15

3 v 2 + 5 v 3 = 30

Solving gives v1 = 2 V, v2 = 30 V and v3 = 24 V.

P 4.3-3
KCL at node 1:

v1 v 2
5

v1
20

= i1 i1 =

4 15 4
+
= 2 A
5
20

KCL at node 2:

v1 v 2
5

+ i2 =

v2 v3
15

4 15 15 18
i2 =
=2A
+
15
5

47

P4.3-4
.003 +

v1 v1 v 2
+
=0
R1
500

v1 v 2 v 2
+
.005 = 0
500
R2

When
v1 = 1 and v 2 = 2
1 1
1
+
= 0 R 1 =
= 200
1
R 1 500
.003+
500
1
2
2

+
.005 = 0 R 2 =
= 667
1
500 R 2
.005
500
.003+

P 4.3-5

v1
v v 2 v1 v 3
+ 1
+
= 0
500
125
250
v v2
v v3
1
.001 + 2
=0
125
250
v v 3 v1 v 3 v 3
2

+
=0
250
500
250
v1 = 0.261 V
v 2 = 0.337 V
v 3 = 0.239 V

Finally, v = v1 v 3 = 0.022 V

Section 4-4 Node Voltage Analysis of Circuits with Current and Voltage Sources
P4.4-1

va 10

100

va
100

va 2
100

= 0 3va = 12
va = 4 V

P4.4-2

.003 +

v a +8 v a
+
.005 = 0
500 500
v a =2 V

P4.4-3
v a 10 v a v a 8
+
.03 = 0
+
100
100 100
va =7 V

48

P4.4-4

v a + 8 v a + 8 12 v a 12 v a
+
+
+
=0
500
125
250
500
va =4 V

P4.4-5

10 6

R3

100

6 4
100

= 0 R 3 = 300

P4.4-6
need to keep v 2 across R 2 as 4.8 v 2 5.4

a)

I=.3

or

.1 A

display is
v 2 15

KCL at a:

R1

v2

not

active

+I =0

depending on whether activated or not

active

R2

v 2 ' = 4.8v (I ' = .3A) & v 2 '' = 5.4V (I ''=.1A)

assumed that maximum I results in minimum v 2 and Visa-Versa
Now plug in v 2 '& v 2 ' into KCL eqn. to generate 2 eqns and then solve for
R 1 & R 2 R 1 = 7.89 , R 2 = 4.83
b)

IR

=
1max

IR

2max

I15v
c)

15 4.8
= 1292
= (1292
.
. ) 2 (7.89) = 1317
. W
A PR
1max
7.89

5.4
= 1118
.
A
4.83
= 1292
.
A
=

PR

2max

15.46

4.83

= 6.03 W

max

No; if the supply voltage (15V) were to rise or drop, the voltage at
the display would drop below 4.8V or rise above 5.4V.
The power dissipated in the resistors is excessive. Most of the
power from the supply is dissipated in the resistors, not the display.

49

P4.4-7 Label the voltage measured by the meter. Notice that this is a node voltage.

Write a node equation at the node at which the node voltage is measured.

12 - v m v m
vm - 8
-
=0
+ + 2 mA +
3k
6 k R
That is

6 k
6 k

3+
v m = 16 R = 16
R

-3
vm
(a) The voltage measured by the meter will be 4 volts when R = 6 k.
(b) The voltage measured by the meter will be 2 volts when R = 1.2 k .
P4.4-8
v = v1 v 3
v 2 = 12 V

KCL at v 1:
KCL at v 3 :

v1
4
v3

v1 v 2

2
v3 v2

1 = 0

+1=0
2
Solving for v 1 & v 3 : v 1 = 9.33 V
v3 = 6 V
3

v = 9.33 6 = 3.33 V

50

Section 4-5 Node Voltage Analysis with Dependent Sources

P4.5-1
v a = 9 vb

9vb
v
+(.02)(9 vb )+ b = 0
100
200

v b = +18 V ; v a = 9 V

va

.002 +
.002 +

10,000
va

va 6

= 0

6000
+

va

.6v a
6000

10,000

P4.5-3

 v 
 10,000 

v a 4000

P4.5-2

= 0 v a = 10 V

va 4va

= 0 v a = 12 V
3000
2000
v 4va
= 12 mA
= a
3000
+

1000
ib

P4.5-4

ia =

2 vb
4000

2 vb
4000
+

vb
2000

 2 v 
 4000 

= 0 v b = 15
. V

P 4.5-5
Apply KCL to the supernode of the CCVS to get

12 10 14 10 1
+
+ i b = 0 i b = 2 A
4
2
2
Next

10 12
1
=
2
V
=4
4
2 r =
1
A

r i a = 12 14
2

ia =

51

P4.5-6
First, express the controlling current of the CCVS in
terms of the node voltages: i x =

v2
2

Next, express the controlled voltage in terms of the node

voltages:

12 v 2 = 3 i x = 3

v2
2

v2 =

24
V
5

so ix = 12/5 A = 2.4 A.

P4.5-7
KCL:

vb

vx

+ 4=0
10
v b = v x 20
+

(1)

also

(2)

(1) & (2) yields v x =10 V

Section 4-6 Mesh Current Analysis with Independent Voltage Sources

P 4.6-1

2 i1 + 9 (i1 i 3 ) + 3(i1 i 2 ) = 0
15 3 (i1 i 2 ) + 6 (i 2 i 3 ) = 0
6 (i 2 i 3 ) 9 (i1 i 3 ) 21 = 0
or

14 i1 3 i 2 9 i 3 = 0
3 i1 + 9 i 2 6 i 3 = 15
9 i1 6 i 2 + 15 i 3 = 21
so
i1 = 3 A, i2 = 2 A and i3 = 4 A.
P 4.6-2
Top mesh:

4 (2 4) + R (2) + 10 (2 4) = 0

so R = 12 .
Bottom, left mesh:

8 (4 3) + 10 (4 2) + v 2 = 0
so v2 = -28 V.
Bottom right mesh

v1 + 4 (3 2) + 8 (3 4) = 0
so v1 = -4 V.

52

P4.6-3

loop a

250 i a + 4+100 (i a i b ) = 0
350 i a 100 i b = 4

loop b

100(i a i b ) 4 +100 i b + 8 = 0
100 i a + 200 i b = 4
i a = 20 mA , i b = 30 mA

P4.6-4

loop 1

loop2

25 i a 2 + 250 i a + 75 i a + 4 +100 (i a i b ) = 0
450 i a 100 i b = 2
100(i a i b ) 4 + 100 i b + 100 i b + 8 + 200 i b = 0
100 i a +500 i b = 4
i a = 6.5 mA , i b = 9.3 mA

P4.6-5

KVL1 : 2i1 + 2 (i1 i 2 ) + 10 = 0

KVL2 : 2(i 2 i1 ) + 4 (i 2 i 3 ) = 0
KVL3 : 10 + 4 (i 3 i 2 ) + 6 i 3 = 0
i = i 2 i = 0.294 A

53

Section 4-7 Mesh Current Analysis with Voltage and Current Sources
(a) Independent Sources
P4.7-1
1
A
2
loop 2 75 i 2 + 10 + 25 i 2 = 0 i 2 = 0.1 A
loop 1

i1 =

i b = i1 i 2 = 0.6 A

P4.7-2
loop a
loop b

i a = 0.25 A
i b = 0.4 A
v c = 100(i a i b ) = 100(0.15) = 15 V

P4.7-3

loop1
loop1,2

i1 i 2 = 0.5 i1 = i 2 0.5
30 i1 + 20 i 2 +10 = 0
30(i 2 0.5) + 20i 2 = 10
50i 2 15 = 10
i2 =

= .1 A
50
i1 = .4 A
v 2 = 20i 2 = 2 V

P4.7-4

i b = i a 0.02
250 i a +100 (i a 0.02)+9 = 0
i a = .02 A = 20 mA
v c = 100(i a 0.02) = 4 V

54

P4.7-5

KVL mesh i1 : 6 + 4i1 +(i1 i 2 ) = 0 6+5i1 i 2 = 0

(1)

KVL mesh i 2 : (i 2 i1 ) 8 + 6i 2 +3(i 2 10) = 0 38i1 +10i 2 = 0

(2)

Solving (1) & (2) simultaneously yields i1 = 2 A and i 2 = 4 A v1 = 1(i1 i 2 ) = 2 V

P4.7-6

Express the current source current in terms of the mesh currents:

i 3 i1 = 2 i1 = i 3 2

Supermesh: 6 i1 + 3 i 3 5 i 2 i 3 8 = 0

Lower, left mesh: 12 + 8 + 5 i 2 i 3 = 0

6 i1 5 i 2 + 8 i 3 = 8
5 i 2 = 4 + 5 i3

Eliminating i1 and i2 from the supermesh equation:

6 (i 3 2 ) ( 4 + 5 i 3 ) + 8 i 3 = 8 9 i 3 = 24

The voltage measured by the meter is: 3 i 3 = 3

24
=8 V
9

55

P4.7-7

Mesh equation for right mesh:

4 (i 2 ) + 2 i + 6 (i + 3) = 0 12 i 8 + 18 = 0 i =

10
A
12

P4.7-8
KVL around mesh i1 & i 3 combined
3+ (i1 i 2 )+ 4 (i 3 i 2 ) + i 3 = 0
yields 3 i1 + 5i 2 5i 3 = 0

(1)

KVL around mesh i 2

i 2 i1 + 2i 2 + 4 (i 2 i 3 ) =0
yields i1 7i 2 + 4i 3 = 0

(2)

also i1 i 3 = 2

(3)

Solving (1), (2), & (3) simultaneously yields i1 = 3 mA

Section 4-7 Mesh Current Analysis with Voltage and Current Sources
b) Independent and Dependent Sources
P4.7-9
v 2 = 50i1
100 (0.04(50i1 ) i1 ) + 50i1 +10 = 0 i1 = 0.2 A
v 2 = 50 i1 = 10 V

i b = 4i b i a i b =

P4.7-10

 1 i  + 200i
3 

100

1
ia
3

+ 8 = 0 i a = 0.048 A

56

i b = .06 i a

P4.7-11

100 (0.06 i a ) +50 (0.06 i a )+250 i a = 0

i a = 10 mA
v o = 50i b = 50(.06.01) = 2.5 V

P4.7-12

v b = 100 (.006 i a )
100 (.006 i a ) +3 100(.006 i a ) +250i a = 0
i a =24 mA

P4.7-13

1 6 = 0 30i 20i
+ 201i i 6 = 0 i = 8i

KVLi1: 3 + 10i1 + 20 i1 i 2
KVLi 2 : 5i1 +100i 2

16 1 6

Solving 1 & 2 simultaneously i1 =

Pdeliv. to 5i and 100k

1 6 1i 6 + 1001i 6
= 54 6 5594 3 2209 +1004 3 2209

= 5i1

116
1 26

=3

6
55

mA, i 2 =

3
220

= 0.026 mA
= 2.6 10 5 W

91

64

R2

vi

Energy in 24 hr. = Pt = 2.6 10 5 24 hr 3600s hr

= 2.25 J

P4.7-14

(a)

v o = gR L v and v =

(b)
So have

vo
vi

= g

R1 + R 2

(5103 )(103 )
1.1103

vo

= g

vi

R LR2
R1 + R 2

= 170 g = 0.0374 S

P4.7-15
d=10
from voltage divider v = v in
from voltage divider v o = dv

R2
R1 + R 2
RL

RL +R3
RL
R2

= 10 v in
R1 + R 2 R L + R 3

1 6

vo
v in

1R

10R L R 2
L +R3

61R + R 6
1

57

mA

Section 4-8 Node Voltage Method and Mesh Current Method Compared
P4.8.1
Mesh Analysis

a)

Combine loop 1, 3, & 4 into supermesh

6 1

2 + i1 i 2 2 + i 3 i 2 3i x + 2i 4 = 0
loop i 2 : 2i1 + 4i 2 i 3 + 3i x = 0
also : i1 i 3 = 9

i 4 i 3 = 2v y

2 i1 i 2 = v y

16
176

and v c = 2i x 3i x 6
i 4 = i x

116
12 6
136
14 6
156

16 1 6

Solving 1 7 simultaneously yields

i x = 1 A, v c = 5 V

Nodal Analysis

b)
va = 2V

v b vc v b 2
+
= 0 3v b 2 v c = 16
1
2
form super node around nodes c & d,then KCL yields
KCL at b: 9+

vd 2 vd
v v
+ 2v y + c b = 0
2
1
1
with v y = 2 v b and multiplying above through by 2 yields
2 v b + 2 v c + 3v d = 12



also: v d v c = 3i x = 3

16 16

Solving 1 3 yields

vd



2 v c + 2.5v d = 0

v c = 5 V and v d = 2 v i x =

116

126
136

vd
= 1 A
2

58

PSpice Problems
SP 4-1 Spice deck corresponding to Problem SP 4-1
V1
R2
I3
V4
R5
R6
.END
(
(

1
1
0
3
3
3

NODE
1)
3)

0
2
2
2
0
1

dc

6
3
1
3
6

dc
dc

VOLTAGE
6.0000
7.0000

NODE
2)

VOLTAGE
4.0000

VOLTAGE SOURCE CURRENTS

NAME
CURENT
V1
-1.667E-01
V4
-1.667E+00

SP 4-2 Spice Deck Corresponding to Problem SP 4-2

VI
R2
R3
R4
R5
R6
.END
(

1
1
2
2
3
1

NODE
1)

0
2
0
3
0
3

dc

VOLTAGE
40.0000

40
220
150
330
75
100

NODE
2)

VOLTAGE
16.3950

NODE
3)

VOLTAGE
17.0570

VOLTAGE SOURCE CURRENTS

NAME
CURRENT
V1
-3.367E-01

SP 4-3 Spice Deck corresponding to Problem SP 4-3

V1
R3
R4
R5
.END

1
2
2
3

0
0
3
0

dc

5
2K
6K
3K

V=0.588V

SP 4-4 Spice deck corresponding to Problem SP 4-4

R1 1
R2 1
R3 1
R4 2
R5 2
R6 2
V7 4
R8 4
V9 4
R10 5
. END

0
2
5
0
3
5
3
0
6
6

2
3
1
3
2
1
4
1
4
2

59

(
(

NODE
1)
4)

VOLTAGE
-1.2332
1.1621

NODE
(
(

VOLATAGE
2) -1.6364
5) -1.7154

NODE
(
(

VOLTAGE
3) -2.8379
6) -2.8379

VOLTAGE SOURCE CURRENTS

NAME
CURRENT
V7
-6.008E-O.1
V9
-5.613E-0.1
SP 4-5
Input File:
R1
R2
R3
R4
R5
V1
V2
I1
Vsc1
H1

0
1
1
3
4
2
6
5
1
3

5
6
2
4
5
3
4
4
0
6

6000
3000
2000
2000
8000
dc
16
dc
8
dc
1m
0
Vsc1 4

.dc V1 16 16 1
.print dc I(Vsc1)
.end
Output:
V1
I(Vsc1)
1.600E+1 1.684E-03

SP 4-6
Input File:
R1
0
1
R2
3
4
R3
4
10
R4
10
7
R5
6
7
R6
10
9
R7
7
8
V1
9
11
V2
2
1
Vsc1
2
3
Vsc2
11
0
Vsc3
5
6
H1
1
10
F1
8
9
E1
4
5
.dc V1 6 6 1
.print dc I Vsc2
.end

1
7
5
3
4
2
6
dc
6
dc
10
0
0
0
Vsc2
4
Vsc1
2
7
8
3

60

Output:
V1
I(Vsc2)
6.000+E00 -6.706E-01

SP 4-7 Spice deck corresponding to Problem SP 4-7

R1
R2
VSC3
F3
R4
R5
I6
.END

1
4
1
2
2
3
3

NODE
(
(

1)
4)

0
2
4
0
3
0
1

2
1
0
VSC3
2
2
DC

4
3

VOLTAGE
8.6667
8.6667

NODE
(

2)

VOLTAGE
10.0000

NODE
3)

VOLTAGE
2.0000

VOLTAGE SOURCE CURRENTS

NAME
CURRENT
VSC3

-1.333E+00

61

Verification Problems
VP 4-1
Apply KCL at node b
v v
vb va
1

+ b c =0
4
2
5
4.8 3.0
4.8 5.2
1

0
+
4
2
5

The given voltages do not satisfy the KCL equation at node b. They are not correct.

VP 4-2
Apply KCL at node a:

 v


 2 + v = 0
 2
 20 4  2 + 4 = 4

 4  2
b + va

The given voltages do not satisfy the KCL equation at node a. They are not correct.

VP 4-3
Writing a node equation:

 12 7.5
 R 
1

7.5
7.5 6
+
=0
R3
R2

so

4.5 7.5 15
.
+
+
=0
R1 R 3 R 2

There are only three cases to consider. Suppose R 1 = 5k and R 2 = 10k. Then
4.5 7.5 1.5

+
+
= 0.9 + 0.75 + 0.15 = 0
R1 R 3 R 2
This choice of resistance values corresponds to branch currents that satisfy KCL.
Therefore, it is indeed possible that two of the resistance are 10k: and the other
resistance is 5k:. The 5k: is R .

62

VP 4-4
KCL at node 1:

0=

v1 v 2
20

v1
5

+1 =

8 ( 20 ) 8
+
+1
20
5

KCL at node 2:

8 ( 20 )
20 ( 6 )
12 6
= 2+

=
20
10
20 10

KCL at node 3:

20 ( 6 )
6
+1 =

10
15

4 6
=
10 15

KCL is satisfied at all of the nodes so the computer analysis is correct.

VP 4-5

Top mesh: 10 (2 4) + 12(2) + 4 (2 3) = 0

Bottom right mesh 8 (3 4) + 4 (3 2) + 4 = 0
Bottom, left mesh: 28 + 10 (4 2) + 8 (4 3) 0 (Perhaps the polarity of the 28 V source was
entered incorrectly.)
KVL is not satified for the bottom, left mesh so the computer analysis is not correct.

63

Design Problems
DP 4-1
Simplify to

 1 + 1  1 v 2 = 0
 2 2 2
 1 1
+ + v i = 0
 2 4

KCL at node a : v a
at node b:
now v ba = 3 = v b v a v b = 3 + v a

1
va
2

(1)

( 2)

(3)

Plugging (3) into (1) yields: v a = 7 V & v b =10 V

thus from (2) get: i s = 4 A
DP 4-2
i 3 = i = 3A

Supermesh: v s +1 i1 i 3 + 3(i 2 i 3 ) + 2i 2 = 0
v 3 + i1 + 5i 2 =12
mesh 3:1 (i 3 i1 ) + 2i 3 + 3(i 3 i 2 ) = 0
i1 + 3i 2 = 18

also i1 i 2 = 5

( 2)

(3)

Combining (2) & (3) yields

from (1)

(1)

i 2 = 3.25 A, i1 = 8.25 A

v s =12.5 V

DP 4-3
G = .5 S
i1 = Gv 1
vc = v2
Supernode : v a (G + G) + v b (G + G) Gv c = i1

(1)

also : v b v a = 8

( 2)

Combining (1) & (2) yields v a + (8 + v a ) +.5v 2 =.5v1

2v a =.5v1 .5v 2 8
va =

.5v1 .5v 2 8

=0

.5v1 .5v 2 = 8
so let v 2 = 2 V and v1 = 18 V (one solution)

64

DP 4-4
a) KVL left mesh : 5 + 50i + 300 (i I) = 0
right mesh : (R+2) I + 300 (I i) = 0
150
Solving (1) & (2) for I I =
1570 + 35 R

(1)
(2)
(3)

Desire 50mA I 75mA

so if R = 100, then I = 29.59 mA 1amp will not light
b)

from (3) note that as R

 I, so try R = 50 I = 45 mA (won' t light)

try R = 25 I = 61 mA will light

Now check if R 10% will light and not burn out

()
+10% 27.5 I = 59.23 mA * stay on

10% 22.5 I = 63.63 mA lamp will

DP 4-5

R = R 1 / /R 2 / /(R 3 + R 4 )

v1 = 25

Using voltage divider

10 =

69

R1 R 2 R 3 + R 4
R4
R4
v1 =
R3 +R4
R 3 + R 4 10 + R 1 R 2 R 3 + R 4

one solution: choose R 1 = R 2 = 25 10 =

69

12.5 20
R4
20 10 + 12.5 20

R
10 + R

25

7 25 R

4 =18.4

.
& R 3 + R 4 = 20 R 3 =16

65

DP 4-6

(1)

mesh i 2 : R 3i1 + R 2 + R 3 i 2 + v 2 = 0

(2)

v R "#
v 1 R + R 6$
=!
1

from (1) & (2) get : i1

where = R 1 + R 3
Now if

6 1R

2 +R3

R 1 = R 2 = R 3 = 1K

mesh i1: R 1 + R 3 i1 R 3i 2 v1 = 0

R 32

( R + R )
R
=!
1

i2

"#
v $
v1

where K represents 1000

then = 4 1= 3K 2
so we have i1 =
i = i1 i 2

2 v1 v 2 K
2

3K
v1 + v 2
=
3K

, i2 =

2 v 2 +v1 K
3K 2
if v1 = v 2 = 1 V i = 2 3 mA
if v1 = v 2 = 2 V i = 4 3 mA

okay
okay

DP 4-7

va vc =

i x i1 = 3
i 2 = gi x

20
3

v a = 2i 1
v c = 2i 1 2i 2

i x + 2i x 2i 2 + 2i1 2i 2 + 2i1 = 0
Substituting solve for g : g=4

66