,yq;ifapy; Clf Rje;jpuj;ij epiy epWj;j Clf mikg;Gfs;

[dhjpgjp Ntl;ghsu;fSf;F Kd;itf;Fk; gpufldk;.

,yq;ifapy; Clf Rje;jpuj;ij epiyepWj;Jtjw;fhf Clf mikg;Gf;fs;
[dhjpgjp Ntl;ghsu;fSf;Fk; murpay; fl;rpfSf;Fk; Kd;itf;Fk; Nfhupf;if.

fPo;tUk; Gduikg;G Ntiyj;jpl;lj;ij eilKiwg;gLj;JtJ njhlu;ghf

jkJ njspthd thf;FWjpia vjpu;ghu;j;J fPNo ifr;rhj;jpl;Ls;s Clf
mikg;Gf;fs; 2010 [dhjpgjp Ntl;ghsu;fSf;F ,e;j Gduikg;G Ntiyj;jpl;lj;ij
Kd;itf;fpd;wJ.

fPo;fhZk; mbg;gil ngWkjp kw;Wk; tpjpKiwfSldhd Nkw;fz;l

Gduikg;G Ntiyj;jpl;lk; Kd;itf;fg;gLfpwJ.
1. [dehaf r%fj;Jf;F jfty;fis njupe;Jnfhs;Sk; Rje;jpuk;
kw;Wk; ntspaPl;L Rje;jpuk; kpf Kf;fpakhdJld; r%fj;;jpd;
Nkk;ghl;Lf;Fk; eyd;Gupf;Fk; mbg;gil cupikfs; kw;Wk; Vida
kdpj cupikfis mDgtpf;fTk; ,it mj;jpahtrpakhFk;.
2. murhq;fj;jpd; eltbf;iffis fz;fhzpg;gjw;F murpay; uPjpahd
mwpitg;ngWtjw;Fk; [dehaf r%f eltbf;iffspy; g+uzkhf
gq;fspg;G nra;tjw;F rfy Fbkf;fSf;Fk; jfty;fisg;
ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; topKiwfs; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
3. Aj;jk; eilngWk; fhyj;jpy; gy;NtW fUj;Jf;fis Kd;itg;gjhy;
Nkhjy;fis jPu;f;Fk; NghJ Rje;jpuk; kw;Wk; Rje;jpu Clfq;fspd;
gq;fspg;G mj;jpahtrpakhFk;.
4. jw;Nghija epiyapy; mur ,ufrpa rl;l%yk;, gj;jpupif rig
rl;l%yk;;, gaq;futhj jLg;G rl;l%yk; kw;Wk; nghJkf;fs;
ghJfhg;G gpuptpd; fPo; ntspaplg;gl;Ls;s xOq;Ftpjpfs; Nghd;w
rl;lq;fshy; Clf Rje;jpuKk; ntspaPl;L Rje;jpuKk; mePjpahd
Kiwapy; kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. mur Clf epWtdq;fs; (mr;R
kw;Wk; ,yj;jpudpay; Clfq;fs; ,uz;Lk;) murpd; epu;thfj;jpd; fPo;
murpay; eltbf;iffSf;fhf Kiwaw;w tifapy; ghtpg;gJ
njhlu;e;Jk; ,lk;ngWfpd;wJ.
5. Nkw;gb ngWkjpia Vw;Wf;nfhs;tJ kw;Wk;
ghJfhj;Jf;nfhs;tjw;fhf Clfq;fs; njhlu;ghf tpjpf;fg;gl;Ls;s
rl;lg+u;t epu;thf fl;likg;ig rpwe;j Kiwapy; Muha;e;J
Njitahd khw;wq;fis nra;a Ntz;Lk;. Njrpa ghJfhg;Gf;F
cfe;j tifapy; jfty;fis njupe;Jnfhs;Sk; Rje;jpuk; kw;Wk;
ntspaPl;L Rje;jpuk; Fwpj;J tpjpf;fg;gl;Ls;s jilfspd;
vy;iyfis njspthf Gupe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. murhq;fk; Njrpa
ghJfhg;G vd;w ngha;f;fhuzj;ij njuptpj;J jfty;fis njupe;J
nfhs;Sk; Rje;jpuj;ijAk; ntspaPl;L Rje;jpuj;ijAk; Kiwaw;w
tifapy; jilfis tpjpg;gij ,jd; %yk; jtpu;j;Jf;nfhs;s
KbAk;. Clf njhopy; Ra fl;Lg;ghL topKiwf;Fs; ,Uf;f
Ntz;Lk;. ,jpy; khw;wk; Vw;gLj;Jtjw;F Nahf;fpakhd #o;epiyia
Vw;gLj;JtNj kf;fs; gpujpepjpfspd; nghWg;ghftpUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

1
,t;thW ,yq;ifapy; Clf rl;l Gduikg;G njhlu;ghd ePz;l rupj; jpuj;ij
(fPo;ifr;rhj;jpl;Ls;s) Qhgfg;gLj;Jfpd;Nwhk;.
 1996y; Ml;rpapypUe;j nghJ[d If;fpa Kd;dzp murhy;
epakpf;fg;gl;l mikr;ru; ju;krpup Nrdehaf;f>
Mu;.Nf.lgps;a+.FzNrfu kw;Wk; rpjj; = ee;jNyhr;rd MfpNahiu
jiytu;fshff;nfhz;l %d;W fkpl;bfshy; Kd;itf;fg;gl;l
tpupthd rpghupRfSf;Fs;> Clftpayhsu;fspd; flikfs; kw;Wk;
Clf epu;thfk; njhlu;ghf rl;lg+u;tkhd epu;thf topKiw
mgptpUj;jpf;fhd rpghupR Kd;itf;fg;gLfpwJ.
 ,yq;if gj;jpupif Mrpupau; xd;wpak;> ,yq;if gj;jpupif
ntspaPl;lhsu;fspd; rq;fk; kw;Wk; Rje;jpu Clf ,af;fk; Mfpad
xd;wpize;J 1998Mk; Mz;Lk; Vg;uy; khjk; 30Mk; jpfjp
ifr;rhj;jpl;l “Clf Rje;jpuk; kw;Wk; r%fg;nghWg;G njhlu;ghd
nfhOk;G ntspaPL” %yk; Kd;itf;fg;gl;l Vida
Nfhupf;iffSf;Fs; mtJ}W Fw;wr;rhl;L njhlu;ghd rl;lq;fis
uj;Jr; nra;jy;> jfty;fis njupe;J nfhs;Sk; Rje;jpuk; njhlu;ghd
rl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; ePjpkd;wj;ij mtJ}Wf;Fl;gLj;Jk; rl;lq;fis
mKy;gLj;JtJk; mlq;Fk;.
 1999y; mjd; “Clf Rje;jpuk; kw;Wk; r%fg;nghWg;G njhlu;ghd
nfhOk;G ntspaPl;by;” mlq;fpAs;s tpjpfis eilKiwg;gLj;Jk;
NghJ ghuhSkd;wj;jppd; mgpg;gpuhaj;ij tpsf;fp ,y218/99
ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; kNrhjh xd;iw mg;Nghija vjpu;fl;rp jiytu;
uzpy; tpf;fpukrpq;f Kd;itj;jhu;. mij ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdu;
thRNjt ehzaf;fhu topnkhope;jhu;. 2000Mk; Mz;L ,k; kNrhjh
cj;jpNahfg+u;tkhf rgh gPlj;jpy; itf;fg;gl;L tpthjj;Jf;F
vLj;Jf;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. ,Ue;Jk; ,jw;fpilapy; ghuhSkd;w Nju;jy;
fhuzkhf me;j kNrhjh kPjhd thf;nfLg;G jilg;gl;lJ.
 ,jw;fpilapy; mg;Nghija Clf jfty;fis mikr;ru; kq;fs
rkutPutpdhy; Clfk; njhlu;ghd rl;lg+u;t epu;thf topKiw
njhlu;ghd njupTf;FOnthd;W epakpf;fg;gl;lJ.mj;Jld; mJ
njhlu;ghf kf;fspd; fUj;Jf;fSk; ngwg;gl;ld. vg;gbapUe;Jk; Clf
Rje;jpuk; njhlu;ghd Gduikg;G Fwpj;j ve;jnthU rpghupRfisAk;
,j;njupTf;FO Kd;itf;ftpy;iy.
 2001Mk; Mz;L brk;gu; khjk; eilngw;w ghuhSkd;wj; Nju;jypd;
gpd;du; ,yq;if gj;jpupif Mrpupau; xd;wpak;> ,yq;if gj;jpupif
ntspaPl;lhsu;fs; rq;fk; kw;Wk; Rje;jpu Clf ,af;fk; Mfpad
gpujku; uzpy; tpf;fpukrpq;fTld; elj;jpa re;jpg;gpd; NghJ
,yq;ifapd; Rje;jpu [dehafj;jpw;Fs; Gjpa Clf fyhrhuj;ij
cUthf;Fk;gb kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; typAWj;jpd. 2002 [dtup khjj;jpy;
“Clf rl;lq;fis kPsg; Gduikg;gJ njhlu;ghd gpujku; FU”
Nkw;gb %d;W Clf mikg;Gf;fspd; gpujpepjpj;Jtj;Jld;
epakpf;fg;gl;lJ. 2002 [_d; khjk; mtJ}W Fw;wk; njhlu;ghd
rl;l%yk; ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; VNfhgpj;j thf;Ffshy;
uj;Jr;nra;ag;gl;lJld; 20004Mk; Mz;L jfty;fis mwpe;J
nfhs;Sk; cupik njhlu;ghd rl;l%yk; mg;Nghija
mikr;ruitahy; mq;ff P upf;fg;gl;lJ. ,yq;if gj;jpupif
Mizf;FOtpd; Raepu;thf topKiwia epiwNtw;Wtij
fl;lhag;gLj;Jk; jpUj;jnkhd;iw gj;jpupif gpupT tbtikj;jJ.
ePjpkd;wj;ij mtJ}Wf;Fl;gLj;Jk; rl;lj;ij tbtikg;gjw;fhd
Njitia Muha;tjw;fhf vjpu;fl;rp ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdu; yf;\;kd;
fjpu;fhku; jiyikapy; ru;tfl;rp njupTf;FOnthd;W
epakpf;fg;gl;lNghJk; 2004Mk; Mz;L ghuhSkd;wk; jpBnud

2
fiyf;fg;gl;ljhy; Vw;gl;l epu;thf khw;wk; fhuzkhf Clf
Gduikg;G njhlu;ghd rfy eltbf;iffSk; ];jk;gp;jk; mile;jd.

fle;j rpy tUlq;fshf rpy ntw;wpfs; kl;LNk fpl;bAs;sd.

mitahtd Fw;wtpay; rl;lf;NfhitapYs;s mtJ}W Fw;wk;
njhlu;ghd tpjpfs; uj;Jr;nra;ag;gl;lJ> 2002Mk; Mz;L gj;jpupif
rig rl;lj;ij uj;Jr;nra;jJ kw;Wk; tug;gpurhjq;fis kPWtJ
njhlu;ghf eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;s ghuhSkd;wj;Jf;F
toq;fg;gl;bUe;j 1953 ghuhSkd;w mjpfhuk; kw;Wk; tug;gpurhj
rl;l%yj;jpd; 1978 rl;lj;jpUj;jj;ij uj;Jr;nra;jJ
Nghd;witahFk;. ,yq;if gj;jpupif Kiwg;ghl;L Mizf;FOtpd;
nray;ghLfSf;F toptFj;J gj;jpupif rig rl;l%yk;
uj;Jr;nra;ag;gl;lJ. ,yq;if gj;jpupif epWtdk;> ,yq;if
gj;jpupif Kiwg;ghl;L Mizf;FO kw;Wk; ,yq;if Clftpay;
fy;Y}up ];jhgpf;fg;gl;L Clf njhopYf;F cj;Ntfkspj;jJ ,f;fhy
fl;lj;jpNyahFnkd;gij ,q;F tpN\lkhf Fwpg;gplNtz;Lk;.
vg;gbapUe;Jk; ,yq;ifapd; nghJthd Clf #o;epiy
njw;fhrpahtpd; Nkhrkhd epiyapypUg;gijAk;
Fwpg;gpl;NlahfNtz;Lk;. ntspaPl;L Rje;jpuk; kw;Wk; Clf Rje;jpuk;
Mfpad ,yq;if murikg;gpd; %yk; ghJfhf;fg;gLtJld; ,yq;if
ifr;rhj;jpl;Ls;s xg;ge;jq;fspd; mbg;gil ngWkjp Aj;jk; epytpa
rkPgj;jpa fhyj;jpy; fljhrpf;F kl;LNk cl;gl;l
cupikfshftpUe;jd. Clftpayhsu;fs>; mtu;fsJ nrhj;Jf;fs;
kPJ jhf;Fjy; elj;JtJ> mr;RWj;jy; tpLg;gJ Mfpait njhlu;ghd
tprhuizfs; Jupjkhf Nkw;nfhs;sg;glhik gj;jpupif Rje;jpuk;>
ntspaPl;L Rje;jpuk; Mfpatw;wpw;F Nkhrkhd mOj;jq;fis
Vw;gLj;jpaJ. Clftpayhsu;fSf;F ,Ugj tUlk; tiuapyhd
f^opa rpiwj;jz;lid Nghd;w nfh^u jz;lidfis toq;Ftjw;F
Njrpa ghJfhg;Gr;rl;lk; gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.

1998 Clf Rje;jpuk; kw;Wk; r%fg;nghWg;G njhlu;ghd nfhOk;G

ntspaPl;Lf;F gj;J tUlq;fs; g+u;j;jpahd 2008Mk; Mz;by;
,yq;if Clfq;fshy; me;j ntspaPl;bd; mbg;gil Nehf;fq;fs;
kPz;Lk; ntspaplg;gl;lJ. (jpUj;jq;fSldhd ntspaPl;bd; gpujp
,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ) Clf mr;RWj;jy; vd;w Nkhrkhd
fyhrhuj;jpw;F Kbnthd;W Ntz;Lnkd Nfhupf;if tpLf;fg;gl;lJ.
ntspaPl;L Rje;jpuk; kw;Wk; Clf Rje;jpuk; njhlu;ghf khWgl;l
rl;lk; kw;Wk; epu;thf #o;epiyia Vw;gLj;Jk; ePjpkd;wj;ij
mtJ}Wf;Fl;gLj;Jk; rl;lk; njhlu;ghd rl;lk; kw;Wk; jfty;fis
mwpe;J nfhs;Sk; cupik njhlu;ghd rl;lj;ij mKy;gLj;Jk;
Njit njhlu;e;J topAWj;jg;gl;lJ. (2004 jfty;fis mwpe;J
nfhs;Sk; Rje;jpuk; njhlu;ghd rl;l%yj;jpd; gpujpnahd;Wk; me;j
rl;l%yj;jpw;F jpUj;jkhf ,jd;fPo; ifr;rhj;jpl;Ls;s
mikg;Gf;fshy; Kd;itf;fg;gl;l Fwpg;Gk; ,j;Jld;
,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ)

3
 ,e;jpah> ghfp];jhd; kw;Wk; gq;fshNj\; Nghd;w njw;fhrpa ehLfSk;
cyfk; KOtJKs;s E}w;W ,UgJ ehLfSk; ,jw;F rkkhd
rl;lq;fis mKy;gLj;jpAs;s epiyapy; ,yq;iff;Fk;
,e;jr;rl;l%yk; kpf Kf;fpa NjitahFnkd;gij
njuptpj;Jf;nfhs;fpd;Nwhk;. me;j ehLfspy; ,J Nghd;w rl;lq;fs;
mKy;gLj;jg;gLtjhy; jfty;fis mwpe;J nfhs;Sk; cupik kw;Wk;
Njitg;gLkplj;J mur epu;thfj;jpy; ePjpkd;w flikfis
Neu;ikahfTk; EZf;fkhfTk; MuhAk; cupikia g+uzkhf
ghJfhf;Fk; Njrpa Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpd; Njitia ,dq;fhz KbAk;.

,jd; Nehf;fj;ij njhlu;e;J typAwpj;jp ehk; [dhjpgjp k`pe;j

uh[gf;\tplk;> yf;\;kd; fjpu;fhku; FOtpd; rpghupRfis kPz;Lk;
eilKiwg;gLj;jp ePjpkd;wj;ij mtJ}Wf;Fl;gLj;Jk; rl;lj;ij
mKy;gLj;j Njitahd eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;sy; kw;Wk;
gj;jpupif rl;lj;ij uj;J nra;tjw;F cldbahf
mDkjpiag;ngwTk; mij eilKiwg;gLj;j 2004 jfty;fis
mwpe;J nfhs;Sk; Rje;jpuk; njhlu;ghd rl;l%yj;ij cldbahf
ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; Kd;itf;Fk;gb Nfl;Lf;nfhs;fpd;Nwhk;.

vg;gbapUe;Jk; jfty;fis mwpe;J nfhs;Sk; kw;Wk; ntspaPl;L

Rje;jpuj;ij ghJfhf;f jkJ cWjpahd epiyg;ghl;il ntspapLk;
gbAk; mjw;fhf fPo; fhzg;gLk; topKiwfis
eilKiwg;gLj;Jtij cWjpnra;Ak;gbAk; rfy [dhjpgjp
Ntl;ghsu;fisAk; ehk; tpeakhf Nfl;Lf;nfhs;fpd;Nwhk;.

1. etPd juj;jpd;gb jfty;fis mwpe;J nfhs;Sk; cupikfs; njhlu;ghd

rl;lk; kw;Wk; ePjpkd;wj;ij mtJ}Wf;Fl;gLj;Jk; rl;lj;ij
mKy;gLj;JtJ.
2. Clftpayhsu;fSf;F mguhjk; tpjpg;gJ kw;Wk; mtu;fis ,UgJ
tUlq;fs; tiu rpiwj;jz;lid tpjpf;Fk; tifapyhd gj;jpupif rig
rl;lj;ij uj;Jr;nra;tJ> jfty;fis mwpe;J nfhs;Sk; Rje;jpuk;
njhlu;ghd rl;lj;ij mKy;gLj;JtJ mjDld; NkyjpfkhfTs;s mur
,ufrpa rl;l%yj;ij uj;Jr;nra;tJ kw;Wk; Clftpayhsu;fSf;F
epidj;jgb fLikahd jz;lid toq;ff;$ba gaq;futhj jLg;Gr;rl;lk;
kw;Wk; mtru fhy tpjpfSf;Fs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;s \uj;Jf;fis
uj;Jr;nra;tJ.
3. mur gpujhdpapd; Ma;T kw;Wk; epu;thfj;jpd; fPo; cs;s mur
Clfq;fis kf;fs; Clf epWtdq;fshf;FtJ.
4. nghJ[d If;fpa Kd;dzp murhy; 1996,y; epakpf;fg;gl;l %d;W
FOf;fspdJk; rpghupRfs; Fwpg;ghf ,d;Wk; nry;Ygbahff;$ba Clf
Rje;jpuj;ijAk; ntspaPl;L Rje;jpuj;ijAk; ghjpf;Fk; rl;l Gduikg;G
MNyhridf;FOtpd; mwpf;ifapy; fhzg;gLk; rpghupRfis mKy;gLj;jy;.
5. Clfq;fSf;F vjpuhd jhf;Fjy;fs; njhlu;ghdtu;fs; Fwpj;J tprhuiz
Nkw;nfhs;tJ kw;Wk; mjw;Fg; nghWg;ghdtu;fis rl;lj;jpd; Kd;dhy;
epWj;JtJ njhlu;e;Jk; ,J Nghd;w rk;gtq;fs; ,lk;ngwhjpUg;gjw;F
Njitahd eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;tJ ,t;thW
jhf;Fjy;fSf;Fs;shd Clftpayhsu;fSf;Fk; mtu;fsJ
FLk;gj;jpdUf;Fk; e\;l<L nfhLg;gdT Fwpj;J KbT nra;a
RahjPdf;FOnthd;iw epakpg;gJ kw;Wk; ghJfhg;Gf;fhuzq;fSf;fhf
ehl;il tpl;L ntspNawpr; nrd;w Clftpayhsu;fs; kPz;Lk; ,yq;iff;F
jpUk;gp tuf;$ba #o;epiyia cUthf;FtJ.
6. ,yj;jpudpay; Clfq;fspd; nraw;ghLfis Ma;T nra;tjw;fhf RahjPd
epu;thf Mizf;FOnthd;iw epakpg;gJ.

4
 7. ,yq;ifapd; Rje;jpuk;> RahjPdkhdJk; nghWg;Gld; $baJkhd
Clfq;fis cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf 2008 nfhOk;G ntspaPl;by;
Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s rfy tplaq;fisAk; rpwe;j Kiwapy; Ma;T nra;tJ.

Rje;jpu Clf ,af;fk;

,yq;if ciof;Fk; gj;jpupifahsu; rq;fk;

,yq;if gj;jpupif Mrpupau; xd;wpak;

,yq;if jkpo; Clftpyhsu; xd;wpak;

,yq;if K];ypk; kPbah Nghuk;

Clf Copau; njhopw;rq;f rk;Nksdk;

njw;fhrpa Rje;jpu Clf ,af;fk; ,yq;ifg; gpupT

,yq;if gj;jpupif cupikahsu; rq;fk;